s 1 (combination) profile

S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	54715158
MeSH ID	M0212066

Synonym
bms247616
s 1 (combination)
1,3,5-triazine-2-carboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4,6-dioxo-, monopotassium salt, mixt. with 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2(1h)-pyridine and 5-fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-2,4(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione
ts 1
bms 247616
s-1 (combination)
1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4,6-dioxo-1,3,5-triazine-2-carboxylic acid monopotassium salt, mixt. with 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2(1h)-pyridine and 5-fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-2,4(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione
ts-1 cpd
s1-fluoropyrimidine oxoonate combination
s-1 cpd
s1-tegafur-oxonate combination
tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium
tegafur / gimeracil / oteracil potassium
gimeracil / oteracil / tegafur
Q15410179
tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil
potassium;5-chloro-2-hydroxy-1h-pyridin-4-one;4,6-dioxo-1h-1,3,5-triazine-2-carboxylate;5-fluoro-1-(oxolan-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In the CDHP and Oxo treatment groups of rats, the only toxic signs were soft or diarrheal stools on the dosing day."	( [Oral single-dose toxicity study of a new antineoplastic agent S-1, and its components, CDHP, and Oxo]. Hayashi, T; Hirota, T; Irimura, K; Ohmae, S; Tanaka, G, 1996)	0.29
" No adverse effects of S-1 on the length of gestation, gestation index, delivery and nursing ability were found."	( [Reproductive and developmental toxicity study of a new antineoplastic agent, S-1 (IV)--Perinatal and postnatal study in rats by oral administration]. Fujimura, T; Furuhashi, T; Kato, M; Koida, M, 1996)	0.29
"S-1 appears to be safe and highly active, with favorable longterm survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, particularly in those with diffuse-type histology and peritoneal metastasis."	( Efficacy and safety profile of S-1 in patients with metastatic gastric cancer in clinical practice: results from a post-marketing survey. Boku, N; Doi, T; Hamamoto, Y; Kawai, H; Mera, K; Muto, M; Nagashima, F; Ohtsu, A; Sano, Y; Yano, T; Yoshida, S, 2003)	0.32
" In terms of safety, adverse reactions appeared in forty-five patients (82%) and the incidence was higher in the ADJ group."	( [Efficacy and safety of novel oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug, TS-1 for advanced and recurrent gastric cancer patients]. Arai, K; Honma, S; Iwasaki, Y; Kimura, Y; Takahashi, K; Takahashi, T; Yamaguchi, T, 2003)	0.32
" S-1 has safe and potent antitumor effects in patients with gastric cancer via these respective functions."	( Safety and efficacy of S-1, a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug, for a chronic renal failure patient maintained on hemodialysis. Arakawa, T; Fujiwara, Y; Hamaguchi, M; Higuchi, K; Matsumoto, T; Okazaki, H; Oshitani, N; Sasaki, E; Shiba, M; Suto, R; Tanigawa, T; Tominaga, K; Watanabe, T, 2004)	0.32
" Liver metastases almost totally regressed with no adverse events 4 weeks after S-1 treatment (50 mg/body/day three times a week)."	( Safety and efficacy of S-1, a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug, for a chronic renal failure patient maintained on hemodialysis. Arakawa, T; Fujiwara, Y; Hamaguchi, M; Higuchi, K; Matsumoto, T; Okazaki, H; Oshitani, N; Sasaki, E; Shiba, M; Suto, R; Tanigawa, T; Tominaga, K; Watanabe, T, 2004)	0.32
" The plasma 5-FU level was measured, and adverse events appearing after administration were monitored."	( [Pharmacokinetics and adverse event of TS-1 administered through gastrostomy]. Hasegawa, M; Hirano, K; Nakamura, K, 2005)	0.33
"To report canalicular stenosis as a side effect of the new antineoplastic agent S-1."	( Canalicular and nasolacrimal duct blockage: an ocular side effect associated with the antineoplastic drug S-1. Ajani, J; Esmaeli, B; Golio, D; Lubecki, L, 2005)	0.33
"Canalicular and nasolacrimal duct blockage is a previously unreported side effect of S-1 and should be recognized and treated at its earliest possible stage so that complete closure of the canaliculi can be avoided."	( Canalicular and nasolacrimal duct blockage: an ocular side effect associated with the antineoplastic drug S-1. Ajani, J; Esmaeli, B; Golio, D; Lubecki, L, 2005)	0.33
" There were less severe adverse events concerning paclitaxel despite of the second line therapy of TS-1, and 80 percent of all therapeutic courses was at an outpatient clinic."	( [Safety and efficacy of chemotherapy using TS-1 followed by paclitaxel for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination]. Banba, T; Hatakeyama, K; Kanda, T; Kosugi, S; Ohashi, M; Tanabe, T; Yajima, K, 2005)	0.33
"As a measure to ensure safe use of TS-1 during the early marketing period, a drug use investigation was conducted on an all-case basis."	( [Example of safety measures for antineoplastic agents immediately after market launch--a case of TS-1 capsule all example use result investigation that executes safety monitoring--]. Ito, K, 2006)	0.33
" The adverse effects observed were grade 3 leukopenia in 2 patients (11."	( [Clinical efficacy and safety of weekly paclitaxel therapy as second-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced and recurrent gastric cancer who were previously treated with TS-1 therapy]. Hatori, S; Imada, T; Kunisaki, C; Ohshima, T; Ono, H; Otsuka, Y; Rino, Y; Sato, T; Yamada, R, 2006)	0.33
" At least 1 serious adverse event occurred in 44% of patients."	( Extended safety and efficacy data on S-1 plus cisplatin in patients with untreated, advanced gastric carcinoma in a multicenter phase II study. Ajani, JA; Benson, AB; Haller, DG; Lee, FC; Lenz, HJ; Phan, AT; Singh, D; Strumberg, D; Yanagihara, R; Yao, JC, 2007)	0.34
" This article identifies the risk factors for severe adverse events of S-1 from nationwide survey data."	( Analysis of risk factors for severe adverse effects of oral 5-fluorouracil S-1 in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Fukushima, M; Ishiwata, R; Matsumoto, S; Nagai, Y; Teramukai, S; Yamanaka, T, 2007)	0.34
" Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the risk factors for severe adverse events."	( Analysis of risk factors for severe adverse effects of oral 5-fluorouracil S-1 in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Fukushima, M; Ishiwata, R; Matsumoto, S; Nagai, Y; Teramukai, S; Yamanaka, T, 2007)	0.34
"These findings identified possible risk factors for severe adverse events of S-1 and the patient subgroups at potentially higher risk from its administration."	( Analysis of risk factors for severe adverse effects of oral 5-fluorouracil S-1 in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Fukushima, M; Ishiwata, R; Matsumoto, S; Nagai, Y; Teramukai, S; Yamanaka, T, 2007)	0.34
" on days 1-28, every 6 weeks) and assessed for all adverse events."	( Safety evaluation of oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 for short- and long-term delivery in advanced gastric cancer: analysis of 3,758 patients. Fukushima, M; Ishiwata, R; Matsumoto, S; Nagai, Y; Teramukai, S; Yamanaka, T, 2008)	0.35
"An increase of sIL-2R, CD4+CD25+ T-cells and the CD4/8 ratio in patients with symptomatic adverse reactions were found."	( Changes of immunological parameters reflect quality of life-related toxicity during chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Aizawa, M; Fujimoto, T; Itagaki, H; Kobayashi, R; Kuhara, K; Ogawa, K; Osawa, G; Otani, T; Yokomizo, H; Yoshimatsu, K, )	0.13
" Although the preoperative chemotherapeutic regimen of S-1 and CDDP is regarded as effective, safe and well tolerable according to previous clinical study, we experienced a 74-year-old woman who suffered from life-threatening adverse events including severe myelosuppression during the neoadjuvant chemotherapy."	( [Case report of gastric cancer patient who suffered life-threatening adverse events including severe myelosuppression during neoadjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 and CDDP combination]. Hashida, H; Kanai, M; Tada, M; Takabayashi, A; Ueda, S; Yoshida, M, 2008)	0.35
"The toxic effects of S-1 can lead to discontinuation of treatment."	( Comparison of alternate-day versus consecutive-day treatment with S-1: assessment of tumor growth inhibition and toxicity reduction in gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Arai, W; Haruta, H; Hirashima, Y; Hosoya, Y; Hyodo, M; Kurashina, K; Nagai, H; Saito, S; Sakuma, K; Shirasaka, T; Yasuda, Y; Yokoyama, T; Zuiki, T, 2008)	0.35
"We report a successful case of chemotherapy accompanied with grade 4 adverse events for unresectable advanced gastric cancer."	( [A case of unresectable advanced gastric cancer successfully treated with continuous S-1 + CPT-11 chemotherapy accompanied by dose reduction against grade 4 hematological adverse event]. Furukawa, H; Imamura, H; Kishimoto, T; Miyazaki, Y; Ota, K; Tatsuta, M, 2008)	0.35
" It was suggested that adverse effects might be alleviated by suppressing acid secretion in the stomach in the post-gastrectomy group."	( [Discussion of alleviating digestive medication toxicity in S-1 administered patients--retrospective and comparative study of the health records of continuously-administered patients and withdrawal patients]. Fujii, H; Nakao, K, 2009)	0.35
" In conclusion, we considered that this S-1 plus docetaxel combination therapy was effective and safe in advanced gastric cancer, and convenient for outpatients."	( [Efficacy and safety of S-1 plus docetaxel combination therapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer]. Ban, T; Fujiwara, K; Hayashi, K; Hori, Y; Iwasaki, H; Kurimoto, T; Nemoto, A; Nishiwaki, H; Orito, E; Shiroko, J; Tachi, K; Umemura, S; Yamada, T; Yamakawa, Y, 2009)	0.35
" Five patients showed grade 3 and 4 adverse reactions, all hematological."	( Safety and efficacy of S-1 chemotherapy in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer. Ishikawa, K; Suzuki, S, 2009)	0.35
" During the S-1 treatment,serious adverse events such as neutropenia were not observed; however, decreases in hemoglobin level were observed (grade 3)."	( Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of S-1 in a hemodialysis patient with advanced gastric cancer. Arimori, K; Hanada, N; Hidaka, H; Hidaka, M; Kawaguchi, H; Kawano, Y; Nakamura, C; Tomiyama, N, 2010)	0.36
"In patients with adverse events of S-1, the dose is generally reduced or the treatment cycle is shortened."	( Alternate-day treatment with S-1 in patients with gastric cancer: a retrospective study of strategies for reducing toxicity. Arai, W; Haruta, H; Hirashima, Y; Hosoya, Y; Hyodo, M; Kurashina, K; Nagai, H; Saito, S; Sakuma, K; Shirasaka, T; Ui, T; Yasuda, Y; Yokoyama, T; Zuiki, T, 2010)	0.36
"2% had grade 3 adverse events."	( Alternate-day treatment with S-1 in patients with gastric cancer: a retrospective study of strategies for reducing toxicity. Arai, W; Haruta, H; Hirashima, Y; Hosoya, Y; Hyodo, M; Kurashina, K; Nagai, H; Saito, S; Sakuma, K; Shirasaka, T; Ui, T; Yasuda, Y; Yokoyama, T; Zuiki, T, 2010)	0.36
"Alternate-day treatment with S-1 may have milder adverse events without compromising therapeutic effectiveness."	( Alternate-day treatment with S-1 in patients with gastric cancer: a retrospective study of strategies for reducing toxicity. Arai, W; Haruta, H; Hirashima, Y; Hosoya, Y; Hyodo, M; Kurashina, K; Nagai, H; Saito, S; Sakuma, K; Shirasaka, T; Ui, T; Yasuda, Y; Yokoyama, T; Zuiki, T, 2010)	0.36
" However, many patients are often forced to give up long-term S-1 treatment owing to high incidence rates of adverse effects."	( [Provision for adverse effect of S-1 containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced digestive cancer--combination with superfine dispersed lentinan]. Hazama, S; Nakazawa, S; Suga, T; Watanabe, S; Yagi, M; Yoshino, S, 2010)	0.36
" Adverse events which had an undeniable causal relationship to SDL were observed in 2 patients (2."	( [Provision for adverse effect of S-1 containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced digestive cancer--combination with superfine dispersed lentinan]. Hazama, S; Nakazawa, S; Suga, T; Watanabe, S; Yagi, M; Yoshino, S, 2010)	0.36
"From the results of the present study, SDL is considered completely free of anything harmful to advanced digestive cancer patients and is effective for the suppression of adverse effects of S-1 or S-1+alpha therapy."	( [Provision for adverse effect of S-1 containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced digestive cancer--combination with superfine dispersed lentinan]. Hazama, S; Nakazawa, S; Suga, T; Watanabe, S; Yagi, M; Yoshino, S, 2010)	0.36
"Patients taking more than 8 courses of S-1 were classified in the continuous group (n=30) and those in whom S-1 was discontinued or reduced due to adverse reactions in the discontinuation/reduction group (n=29)."	( [Continuous administration and safety of S-1 in adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer]. Ito, D; Iwai, M; Kimura, M; Morihata, K; Nakao, T; Okada, K; Usami, E; Yasuda, T; Yoshimura, T, 2010)	0.36
" The main adverse events were hematological toxicity, mucositis and dermatitis."	( Efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin and S-1 for head and neck cancer. Murai, M; Ohashi, T; Ohnishi, M; Tanahashi, S, 2011)	0.37
" Adverse events were assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events."	( Retrospective cohort study on the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab with chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients: the HGCSG0801 study. Asaka, M; Hatanaka, K; Hosokawa, A; Iwanaga, I; Kato, T; Komatsu, Y; Kusumi, T; Miyagishima, T; Nakamura, M; Sakata, Y; Sogabe, S; Yuki, S, 2011)	0.37
"These results suggest that S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer is safe and feasible, regardless of the age of the patient; especially for elderly patients who could be candidates for clinical trials."	( Safety and feasibility of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer in elderly patients. Aoyama, T; Cho, H; Hayashi, T; Ogata, T; Tsuburaya, A; Watanabe, T; Yoshikawa, T, 2012)	0.38
"At least one adverse drug reaction was encountered by 858 patients, with an overall incidence of 63."	( Post-marketing safety evaluation of S-1 in patients with inoperable or recurrent breast cancer: especially in patients treated with S-1 + trastuzumab. Okamura, T; Oshitanai, R; Saito, Y; Suzuki, Y; Terada, M; Terao, M; Tokuda, Y; Tsuda, B, 2011)	0.37
" The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) were 80% in S-1 and 74% in UFT/LV."	( Safety of UFT/LV and S-1 as adjuvant therapy for stage III colon cancer in phase III trial: ACTS-CC trial. Boku, N; Endo, T; Ikejiri, K; Kameoka, S; Kinugasa, Y; Kotake, K; Matsubara, Y; Mochizuki, H; Mochizuki, I; Nakamoto, Y; Shinozaki, H; Sugihara, K; Takagane, A; Takahashi, K; Takahashi, Y; Takii, Y; Takiuchi, H; Tomita, N; Watanabe, M; Watanabe, T, 2012)	0.38
" The most common reasons for discontinuing treatment prior to the planned eight cycles were adverse events (n = 47, 15."	( Safety and feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 for Korean patients with curatively resected advanced gastric cancer. Jeong, JH; Kang, YK; Kim, BS; Kim, KC; Lee, SH; Lee, SS; Oh, ST; Park, I; Ryoo, BY; Ryu, MH; Yook, JH, 2012)	0.38
"Adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 for 1 year is safe and feasible in Korean patients."	( Safety and feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 for Korean patients with curatively resected advanced gastric cancer. Jeong, JH; Kang, YK; Kim, BS; Kim, KC; Lee, SH; Lee, SS; Oh, ST; Park, I; Ryoo, BY; Ryu, MH; Yook, JH, 2012)	0.38
" Major grade 3/4 adverse events included neutropenia (28."	( Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1 family polypeptide A1 gene (UGT1A1) polymorphisms are associated with toxicity and efficacy in irinotecan monotherapy for refractory pancreatic cancer. Hamada, T; Hirano, K; Ijichi, H; Isayama, H; Kawakubo, K; Kogure, H; Koike, K; Miyabayashi, K; Mizuno, S; Mohri, D; Nakai, Y; Sasahira, N; Sasaki, T; Satoh, Y; Tada, M; Takahara, N; Takai, D; Uchino, R; Yamamoto, N; Yatomi, Y, 2013)	0.39
" In conclusion, although adjuvant S-1 therapy has a high compliance rate, meticulous monitoring of adverse events is required in the early period of treatment."	( Safety, compliance, and predictive parameters for dosage modification in adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Kim, HH; Kim, JH; Kim, SJ; Kim, YJ; Lee, JS; Lee, KW; Park, DJ, 2013)	0.39
" The types and incidence rate of adverse events related to chemotherapy and the results of follow up of the patients were analyzed."	( [A safety analysis in patients treated with oxaliplatin plus S-1 as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer]. Chi, Y; Huang, J; Lü, X; Qu, T; Wang, JW; Yang, L; Zhou, Y, 2012)	0.38
" The most common adverse events were neutropenia (n = 49, 69."	( [A safety analysis in patients treated with oxaliplatin plus S-1 as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer]. Chi, Y; Huang, J; Lü, X; Qu, T; Wang, JW; Yang, L; Zhou, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea/vomiting and anorexia are the major treatment-related adverse events."	( [A safety analysis in patients treated with oxaliplatin plus S-1 as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer]. Chi, Y; Huang, J; Lü, X; Qu, T; Wang, JW; Yang, L; Zhou, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Most treatment-related adverse events occurred at similar rates in both treatment arms."	( Safety analysis of weekly paclitaxel plus S-1 versus paclitaxel plus 5-fluorouracil/calcium folinate as first-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter open random phase II trial. Ba, Y; Deng, T; Guo, ZQ; Hu, CH; Huang, DZ; Meng, JC; Wan, HP; Wang, ML; Xiong, JP; Xu, N; Yan, Z; Yao, Y; Yu, Z; Yu, ZH; Zhang, Y; Zheng, RS; Zhuang, ZX, 2013)	0.39
"4%) and renal adverse events (all grades: CS, 18."	( Combination of cisplatin/S-1 in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: Results of noninferiority and safety analyses compared with cisplatin/5-fluorouracil in the First-Line Advanced Gastric Cancer Study. Ajani, JA; Bodoky, G; Buyse, M; Carrato, A; Cascinu, S; Douillard, JY; Ferry, D; Gorbunova, V; Heinemann, V; Lichinitser, M; Moiseyenko, V; Zaucha, R, 2013)	0.39
" However, he experienced adverse effects, and subsequently, he was effectively treated with cisplatin (CDDP) and irinotecan (CPT-11)."	( [An effective treatment by chemotherapy with CDDP+CPT-11 for recurrent gastric cancer which S-1 cannot be used owing to adverse effects]. Aoyagi, H; Hasegawa, K; Isogai, J; Kaneko, J; Maejima, S; Matsui, T; Yoshida, T, 2013)	0.39
" The common adverse drug reactions were a decrease in hemoglobin levels, hypoalbuminemia, and anorexia, which were mild in severity (grades 1-2)."	( Phase I study on the safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and efficacy of the combination of TSU-68, an oral antiangiogenic agent, and S-1 in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Arioka, H; Asaoka, Y; Ikeda, M; Koike, K; Kojima, Y; Kondo, S; Mitsunaga, S; Morizane, C; Nakachi, K; Okusaka, T; Sakamoto, Y; Shiina, S; Shimizu, S; Tateishi, R; Ueno, H, 2014)	0.4
" The incidence of adverse events was 70."	( Efficacy and safety of irinotecan plus S-1 (IRIS) therapy to treat advanced/recurrent colorectal cancer. Abe, S; Egawa, Y; Futami, K; Higashi, D; Hirano, K; Hirano, Y; Inoue, R; Maekawa, T; Mikami, K; Miyake, T; Miyazaki, M; Takahashi, H; Uwatoko, S; Yamamoto, S, 2014)	0.4
" IRIS therapy had a low incidence of serious adverse events and allowed patients to continue therapy on an out-patient basis."	( Efficacy and safety of irinotecan plus S-1 (IRIS) therapy to treat advanced/recurrent colorectal cancer. Abe, S; Egawa, Y; Futami, K; Higashi, D; Hirano, K; Hirano, Y; Inoue, R; Maekawa, T; Mikami, K; Miyake, T; Miyazaki, M; Takahashi, H; Uwatoko, S; Yamamoto, S, 2014)	0.4
" Most adverse events were mild."	( Safety and efficacy of S-1 chemotherapy in recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy: multi-institutional retrospective analysis. Chen, ZB; Cheng, H; Lin, Z; Liu, YM; Ou, XQ; Peng, PJ; Tang, YN; Wang, SY; Wu, X; Zeng, LJ; Zhang, HY, 2014)	0.4
"S-1 monotherapy is considered a safe and effective treatment option for recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy."	( Safety and efficacy of S-1 chemotherapy in recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy: multi-institutional retrospective analysis. Chen, ZB; Cheng, H; Lin, Z; Liu, YM; Ou, XQ; Peng, PJ; Tang, YN; Wang, SY; Wu, X; Zeng, LJ; Zhang, HY, 2014)	0.4
" The baseline characteristics, progressive-free survival, overall survival time and adverse events were retrospectively analyzed."	( [Efficacy and safety of low-dose high intensity focused ultrasound combined with S-1 and oxaliplatin in metastatic colorectal patients with pelvic masses]. Guo, Z; Hong, L; Li, B; Liu, C; Si, T; Yu, H, 2014)	0.4
" Major toxic effects included grade 3/4 neutropenia (15%), anemia (10%), thrombocytopenia (10%), diarrhea (15%) and hand-foot syndrome (10%) in the HIFU+SOX group."	( [Efficacy and safety of low-dose high intensity focused ultrasound combined with S-1 and oxaliplatin in metastatic colorectal patients with pelvic masses]. Guo, Z; Hong, L; Li, B; Liu, C; Si, T; Yu, H, 2014)	0.4
" Adverse events were observed in 27 patients(77%), and adverse events of Grade >3 were observed in 7 patients(20%)."	( [Efficacy and safety of TS-1 monotherapy for advanced/metastatic breast cancer - an observational study by the Kumamoto Breast Cancer Cooperative Group(KBCCG)]. Hayashi, K; Iwase, H; Kawano, I; Kuramoto, M; Nishimura, R; Tanigawa, T; Yamamoto, Y; Yamamoto-Ibusuki, M, 2014)	0.4
"We conducted a meta-analysis to compare oral S-1 and infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to determine which agent was more efficacious and less toxic in combination with PTX."	( The efficacy and toxicity of paclitaxel plus S-1 compared with paclitaxel plus 5-FU for advanced gastric cancer: a PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chen, X; Gao, P; Liu, H; Lu, X; Song, Y; Sun, J; Wang, Z; Xu, H; Zhang, N, 2014)	0.4
" There were only 4 patients in whom the treatment was discontinued due to adverse event, and TS-1 was generally well tolerated."	( Effectiveness and safety of tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium (TS-1) for metastatic breast cancer: a single-center retrospective study. Ishizuna, K; Kawashima, M; Kojima, M; Ninomiya, J; Nozaki, M; Ogawa, T; Tsuji, E; Ueda, Y; Yamagishi, H, 2014)	0.4
" With regard to adverse events, the rates of nausea (p<0."	( [A three-week regimen of S-1 monotherapy reduced gastrointestinal toxicity and maintained efficacy in patients with gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer]. Funazaki, H; Ikeda, M; Katayama, S; Kobayashi, M; Kondo, S; Kuwahara, A; Mitsunaga, S; Morizane, C; Ochiai, A; Ohno, I; Okusaka, T; Okuyama, H; Sakamoto, Y; Shimizu, S; Takahashi, H; Tanaka, H; Ueno, H, 2015)	0.42
"These results suggest that S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer is safe and feasible, regardless of the age of the patient, especially for elderly patients who may be candidates for clinical trials."	( Safety and feasibility of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer in elderly patients. Aoyama, T; Atsumi, Y; Higuchi, A; Kanazawa, A; Katayama, Y; Kobayashi, S; Masuda, M; Morimoto, M; Morinaga, S; Murakawa, M; Oshima, T; Rino, Y; Shiozawa, M; Ueno, M; Yamamoto, N; Yamaoku, K; Yoshikawa, T, 2015)	0.42
" S-1 was shown to be effective and safe in Japanese metastatic breast cancer patients treated with previous chemotherapy, including anthracyclines."	( Safety and feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 in Japanese breast cancer patients after primary systemic chemotherapy: a feasibility study. Hirokawa, E; Kanbayashi, C; Nakamiya, N; Osaki, A; Saeki, T; Sano, H; Sato, N; Sekine, H; Shigekawa, T; Shimada, H; Sugitani, I; Sugiyama, M; Takahashi, T; Takeuchi, H; Ueda, S, 2015)	0.42
"3%) patients, and adverse events in 5/43 (11."	( Safety and feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 in Japanese breast cancer patients after primary systemic chemotherapy: a feasibility study. Hirokawa, E; Kanbayashi, C; Nakamiya, N; Osaki, A; Saeki, T; Sano, H; Sato, N; Sekine, H; Shigekawa, T; Shimada, H; Sugitani, I; Sugiyama, M; Takahashi, T; Takeuchi, H; Ueda, S, 2015)	0.42
"The percentage of Japanese breast cancer patients completing the 18-course treatment and the cumulative percentage of administration for 365 days using S-1 after standard primary systemic chemotherapy were similar with the results of another study of adjuvant chemotherapy for the Japanese gastric cancer patients with no severe adverse effects."	( Safety and feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 in Japanese breast cancer patients after primary systemic chemotherapy: a feasibility study. Hirokawa, E; Kanbayashi, C; Nakamiya, N; Osaki, A; Saeki, T; Sano, H; Sato, N; Sekine, H; Shigekawa, T; Shimada, H; Sugitani, I; Sugiyama, M; Takahashi, T; Takeuchi, H; Ueda, S, 2015)	0.42
" Severe adverse events were observed in 22 patients (91."	( Feasibility and toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy using S-1 granules for local advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Honda, K; Ishikawa, K; Sato, T; Suzuki, S; Yamazaki, K, 2015)	0.42
" The efficacy and adverse reactions in patients of the study and control groups were observed and compared."	( [Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer]. He, P; Jiang, Y; Yang, K; Zheng, L; Zhong, H, 2015)	0.42
" The major adverse reactions were myelosuppression and digestive tract reactions, and the adverse reactions in the study group were lower than those in the control group."	( [Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer]. He, P; Jiang, Y; Yang, K; Zheng, L; Zhong, H, 2015)	0.42
"Gemcitabine combined with S-1 is effective and safe in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, with less side effects, and can be tolerated by the patients."	( [Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer]. He, P; Jiang, Y; Yang, K; Zheng, L; Zhong, H, 2015)	0.42
" Grade 3 or worse adverse events were less frequent in the elderly group receiving SOX than in the elderly group receiving CS except for the low incidence of sensory neuropathy (5."	( Efficacy and safety of S-1 and oxaliplatin combination therapy in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer. Amagai, K; Bando, H; Chin, K; Fujii, H; Gotoh, M; Hamada, C; Hironaka, S; Hyodo, I; Imamura, H; Miwa, H; Nishikawa, K; Nishina, T; Niwa, Y; Shimada, K; Sugimoto, N; Tanabe, S; Tsuda, M; Tsuji, A; Yamada, Y; Yamaguchi, K; Yasui, H, 2016)	0.43
" Data were extracted for overall survival (OS), progression-free-survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and grade 1-2 and grade 3-4 adverse events."	( The efficacy and safety of S-1-based regimens in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lodder, P; Mohammad, NH; Ngai, LL; Samaan, M; Ter Veer, E; van Laarhoven, HW; van Oijen, MG, 2016)	0.43
" The purpose of the current study was to identify which of the adverse events (AEs) contributed to the deterioration of QOL."	( Identification of adverse events that have a negative impact on quality of life in a clinical trial comparing docetaxel versus S-1 with cisplatin in lung cancer. Aotani, E; Gemma, A; Hamano, T; Kobayashi, K; Takebayashi, T; Takeuchi, M, 2016)	0.43
" For them, we performed a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of chemotherapy with carboplatin and S-1, which are known as cytotoxic drug with rare development of ILD as adverse event."	( Safety and efficacy of S-1 in combination with carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease: a pilot study. Baba, T; Hagiwara, E; Ikeda, S; Iwasawa, T; Kato, T; Komatsu, S; Ogura, T; Okuda, R; Satoh, H; Sekine, A; Shinohara, T, 2016)	0.43
"It was unclear whether the transhiatal approach and D2 total gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for adenocarcinoma of the esophago-gastric (AEG) junction are as feasible and safe as D2 gastrectomy following NAC."	( Feasibility and Safety of Transhiatal Approach and D2 Total Gastrectomy after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophago-Gastric Junction: A Subset Analysis of the COMPASS Trial. Aoyama, T; Cho, H; Hayashi, T; Ito, Y; Miyashita, Y; Nishikawa, K; Sakamoto, J; Tanabe, K; Tsuburaya, A; Yoshikawa, T, 2016)	0.43
"The transhiatal approach and D2 total gastrectomy after NAC seem to be as safe and feasible as D2 gastrectomy for non-AEG cancer."	( Feasibility and Safety of Transhiatal Approach and D2 Total Gastrectomy after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophago-Gastric Junction: A Subset Analysis of the COMPASS Trial. Aoyama, T; Cho, H; Hayashi, T; Ito, Y; Miyashita, Y; Nishikawa, K; Sakamoto, J; Tanabe, K; Tsuburaya, A; Yoshikawa, T, 2016)	0.43
"Nutritional therapy is used to reduce the adverse events (AEs) of anticancer drugs."	( Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Hashimoto, T; Honda, H; Kakita, T; Kayahara, T; Kurihara, S; Oikawa, M; Oishi, H; Oyama, A; Shibakusa, T; Tochikubo, K; Tsuchiya, T, 2016)	0.43
" The combined hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio; the corresponding 95% confidence intervals of progression-free survival, overall survival, and overall response rate; and grade 3-4 adverse events were examined."	( Therapeutic efficacy and safety of S-1-based combination therapy compare with S-1 monotherapy following gemcitabine failure in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Hu, Z; Ju, B; Lu, S; Wang, W; Xie, H; Yang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X; Zheng, S; Zhou, D; Zhou, L; Zhou, X, 2016)	0.43
" Common grade 3 or higher adverse events included neutropenia (1 in XP, 3 in SP, and 2 in SOX), decreased appetite (1 in SP), and hypertension (2 in XP)."	( Safety, pharmacokinetic, and clinical activity profiles of ramucirumab in combination with three platinum/fluoropyrimidine doublets in Japanese patients with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer. Gritli, I; Inoue, K; Kadowaki, S; Muro, K; Nishina, T; Ozeki, A; Piao, Y; Sakai, D; Shitara, K; Yoshikawa, R, 2018)	0.48
" The incidences of any grade ≥3 adverse events in the second-line group and the third-line group were 60."	( Efficacy and safety of taxane monotherapy in advanced gastric cancer refractory to triplet chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1: a multicenter retrospective study. Boku, N; Iizumi, S; Kawai, S; Matsushima, T; Muro, K; Nagashima, K; Narita, Y; Tajika, M; Takahari, D; Takashima, A; Yasui, H, 2017)	0.46
"00%) had grade 3 adverse events."	( Safety and Efficacy of the S-1/Temozolomide Regimen in Patients with Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Chi, Y; Zhao, H; Zhao, J, 2018)	0.48
"The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of adverse events (AEs) on health utility and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with metastatic breast cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy."	( Impact of Adverse Events on Health Utility and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Receiving First-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer: Results from the SELECT BC Study. Fukuda, T; Hagiwara, Y; Kawahara, T; Mukai, H; Ohashi, Y; Shimozuma, K; Shiroiwa, T; Taira, N; Uemura, Y; Watanabe, T, 2018)	0.48
" The overall incidence of any Grade adverse events (AEs) were 91."	( Planned Safety Analysis of the ACTS-CC 02 Trial: A Randomized Phase III Trial of S-1 With Oxaliplatin Versus Tegafur and Uracil With Leucovorin as Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Risk Stage III Colon Cancer. Aiba, K; Baba, H; Boku, N; Ishiguro, M; Itabashi, M; Kotake, K; Kunieda, K; Kusumoto, T; Maeda, A; Mochizuki, I; Morita, S; Okabe, M; Ota, M; Sakamoto, Y; Sugihara, K; Sunami, E; Takahashi, K; Tomita, N; Yamauchi, J; Yoshida, K, 2018)	0.48
" Hematological adverse events were commonly seen in both group (12."	( Efficacy and safety comparison of nabpaclitaxel plus S-1 and gemcitabine plus S-1 as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Fan, Y; Feng, Y; Guo, X; Liu, T; Lou, W; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wu, L; Wu, W; Xu, B; Xu, Y; Zhou, Y, 2018)	0.48
" S-1 monotherapy was relatively effective and safe in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in elderly patients."	( Clinical efficacy and safety of S-1 monotherapy in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in elderly patients. Cui, S; Sun, Y; Ye, M; You, D; Zhao, Q, 2018)	0.48
" Most frequent (>10%) grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (14."	( Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with S-1/capecitabine plus oxaliplatin in patients with previously untreated, unresectable, advanced, or recurrent gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer: interim results of a randomized, phase II trial (A Azuma, M; Boku, N; Chen, LT; Cho, H; Chung, HC; Fumita, S; Hara, H; Kang, WK; Kang, YK; Kato, K; Komatsu, Y; Lee, KW; Minashi, K; Ryu, MH; Tsuda, M; Yamaguchi, K, 2019)	0.51
" Major grade 3/4 adverse events during NAC were neutropenia (29."	( Randomized phase III trial of gastrectomy with or without neoadjuvant S-1 plus cisplatin for type 4 or large type 3 gastric cancer, the short-term safety and surgical results: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG0501). Boku, N; Hirao, M; Ito, Y; Iwasaki, Y; Kaji, M; Katai, H; Katayama, H; Kimura, Y; Kurita, A; Mizusawa, J; Nakamura, K; Sano, T; Sasako, M; Takagi, M; Terashima, M; Yamada, M; Yoshikawa, T, 2019)	0.51
" We analyzed the clinical response, survival rate, acute adverse events, and late swallowing toxicity."	( Long-term efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin and S-1 for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ohashi, T; Ohnishi, M; Okuda, H; Takada, N; Takagi, C; Takahashi, H, 2019)	0.51
" The main acute adverse events were leukopenia, neutropenia, mucositis, and dermatitis."	( Long-term efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin and S-1 for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ohashi, T; Ohnishi, M; Okuda, H; Takada, N; Takagi, C; Takahashi, H, 2019)	0.51
"Previous studies have shown sex-related differences in the incidence of adverse events following treatment with fluoropyrimidines, however the mechanism of this difference is unknown."	( Sex differences in the safety of S-1 plus oxaliplatin and S-1 plus cisplatin for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Amagai, K; Chin, K; Fujii, H; Fuse, N; Gotoh, M; Hironaka, S; Hyodo, I; Imamura, H; Koizumi, W; Nishikawa, K; Nishina, T; Niwa, Y; Shimada, K; Sugimoto, N; Tsuda, M; Tsuji, A; Yamada, Y; Yamaguchi, K; Yasui, H, 2019)	0.51
" Odds ratio and hazard ratio of available outcomes including objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were pooled for analysis."	( Comparison of efficacy and safety of S-1 and capecitabine in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, J; Wang, J; Xu, T, 2019)	0.51
" Adverse events (AEs) were recorded to evaluate the safety."	( Clinical efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with S-1 in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Lei, J; Song, X; Wang, Y; Yu, J; Zhang, C; Zhang, N; Zhang, S; Zhao, J, 2020)	0.56
"S-1 plus oxaliplatin in advanced gastric cancer patients with impaired renal function appears safe and has demonstrated efficacy given appropriate dose modification."	( Clinical impact of renal impairment on the safety and efficacy of S-1 plus oxaliplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a single institutional study. Bando, H; Demachi, K; Kawasaki, T; Nomura, H; Shitara, K; Yamaguchi, M; Yoshino, T, 2020)	0.56
" Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported by 57."	( Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab in combination with S-1 plus oxaliplatin as a first-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer: Cohort 1 data from the KEYNOTE-659 phase IIb study. Amagai, K; Azuma, M; Baba, H; Esaki, T; Han, SR; Hara, H; Hosaka, H; Kawakami, H; Kawazoe, A; Komatsu, Y; Machida, N; Negoro, Y; Nishina, T; Omuro, Y; Oshima, T; Shiratori, S; Shitara, K; Tsuda, M; Yamaguchi, K; Yasui, H; Yoshida, K, 2020)	0.56
"The SHSP regimen could be administered in outpatient settings and was considered safe as it did not cause renal toxicity."	( [Analysis of Renal Toxicity of S-1 plus CDDP Regimen with Short Hydration for Outpatients with Gastric Cancer]. Hasegawa, T; Hirakawa, K; Kinoshita, H; Mori, T; Nakamoto, K; Noda, E; Ohira, M; Teraoka, H, 2019)	0.51
" Outcomes included objective response rate (ORR); 6-, 12-, and 18-month progression-free survival (PFS); 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival (OS); and adverse events."	( The efficacy and safety of capecitabine-based versus S-1-based chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical randomized trials. Feng, J; Feng, Z; He, X; Hou, X; Yan, P; Yang, K, 2020)	0.56
" The baseline characteristics of the patients, response to S-1 monotherapy, and adverse events (AEs) were investigated, retrospectively."	( Efficacy and safety of S-1 monotherapy in previously treated elderly patients (aged ≥75 years) with non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis. Imai, H; Ishihara, S; Kaburagi, T; Kaira, K; Kanazawa, K; Kasahara, N; Kasai, T; Kishikawa, T; Minato, K; Minemura, H; Mori, K; Naruse, I; Shibata, Y; Suzuki, K; Uchino, J; Umeda, Y; Wasamoto, S; Yamada, Y; Yamaguchi, O, 2020)	0.56
" (20%) terminated S-1 due to adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of S-1 following gemcitabine with cisplatin for advanced biliary tract cancer. Andoh, A; Fukutomi, A; Fushiki, K; Hamauchi, S; Inoue, H; Kawakami, T; Machida, N; Onozawa, Y; Shirasu, H; Todaka, A; Tsushima, T; Yamazaki, K; Yasui, H; Yokota, T, 2021)	0.62
" The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was 100%."	( Short-term survival and safety of apatinib combined with oxaliplatin and S-1 in the conversion therapy of unresectable gastric cancer. Chen, L; Chen, S; Lin, Z; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wei, S; Ye, Z; Zeng, Y, 2021)	0.62
"Nab-paclitaxel plus S1 was more efficient in terms of ORR and DCR than S1 monotherapy in elderly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients while the side effect was controllable with a higher probability of leukopenia."	( Safety and efficacy of S1 monotherapy or combined with nab-paclitaxel in advanced elderly pancreatic cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Chen, D; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cui, S; Du, J; Gu, J; Lin, Z; Luo, H; Ma, C; Wang, C; Yang, L; Yin, M, 2021)	0.62
" Treatment was terminated in case of life-threatening adverse events or tumor progression, or patients' demand for termination."	( Efficacy and Safety of Additional S-1 Chemotherapy to S-1 Plus Oxaliplatin Regimen Chemotherapy for Stage III Gastric Carcinoma after Radical Resection. Chen, C; Huang, SX; Shen, CL; Tang, CW, 2022)	0.72
" The main adverse events (AEs) of anlotinib combined with S-1 were fatigue (58."	( Effect and safety of anlotinib combined with S-1 for recurrent or metastatic esophageal cancer patients who refused or were intolerant to intravenous chemotherapy. Cai, J; Liu, A; Luo, Y; Zhou, S, 2021)	0.62
" The use of camrelizumab did not increase postoperative complications or the adverse effects of neoadjuvant therapy."	( Safety and Efficacy of Camrelizumab in Combination With Nab-Paclitaxel Plus S-1 for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer With Serosal Invasion. Chen, QY; Huang, CM; Li, P; Lin, JL; Lin, JP; Lin, JX; Lu, J; Wang, JB; Xie, JW; Zheng, CH, 2021)	0.62

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of plasma 5-FU were as follows: Cmax, 128."	( Pharmacokinetic study of S-1, a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug. Aiba, K; Denno, R; Hirata, K; Horikoshi, N; Ishizuka, H; Nakano, Y; Okazaki, M; Sasaki, K; Shirasaka, T; Taguchi, T; Uno, S; Yamada, Y, 1999)	0.3
" Plasma pharmacokinetics of 5-FU were linear; at the highest S-1 dose level, 5-FU plasma peak concentrations reached 1 to 2 micromol/L, and the half-life of 5-FU was 3 to 4 hours."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral S-1 in patients with advanced solid tumors. de Vries, MJ; Gall, H; Giaccone, G; Hanauske, AR; Noordhuis, P; Peters, GJ; Pinedo, HM; Schornagel, JH; Swart, MS; Turner, SL; van Groeningen, CJ, 2000)	0.31
" These findings demonstrate that administration of S-1 to patients with impaired renal function may need individualized dosing and pharmacokinetic monitoring."	( Pharmacokinetic study of S-1, a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor agent in animal model and in patients with impaired renal function. Furukawa, H; Ikeda, M; Imamura, H; Ishida, H; Kawasaki, T; Masutani, S; Satomi, T; Shimizu, J; Tatsuta, M, 2002)	0.31
" Pharmacokinetic data are consistent with potent modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by CDHP, with prolonged half-life and 5-FU AUC at least 10-fold higher than reported in previous studies of equitoxic doses of tegafur modulated by uracil."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of once daily oral administration of S-1 in patients with advanced cancer. Beard, M; Cohen, SJ; Damle, B; DeCillis, AP; Leichman, CG; Letrent, SP; Meropol, NJ; Proefrock, A; Roedig, B; Yeslow, G, 2002)	0.31
" The pharmacokinetic data presented provide evidence of 5-FU modulation by CDHP."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of once daily oral administration of S-1 in patients with advanced cancer. Beard, M; Cohen, SJ; Damle, B; DeCillis, AP; Leichman, CG; Letrent, SP; Meropol, NJ; Proefrock, A; Roedig, B; Yeslow, G, 2002)	0.31
"S-1 is an oral anticancer agent combining tegafur (FT), a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), with potassium oxonate (oteracil) and gimeracil (CDHP) respectively to mitigate gastrointestinal toxicity and increase the half-life of 5-FU."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of S-1, an oral anticancer agent, in Western and Japanese patients. Comets, E; Fumoleau, P; Hoff, P; Ikeda, K; Tanigawara, Y; Wanders, J, 2003)	0.32
" Pharmacokinetic studies after administration of S-1 revealed high and prolonged plasma 5-FU levels."	( S-1-induced, prolonged complete regression of lung metastasis from gastric cancer refractory to 5'-DFUR: a case report with pharmacokinetic study. Ajani, JA; Itoh, N; Itoi, H; Shirasaka, T; Ueda, Y; Yamagishi, H; Yamashita, T, 2004)	0.32
" The pharmacokinetic profiles of the tegafur, CDHP, and oxonic acid constituents were characterized."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 on a once-daily-for-28-day schedule in patients with advanced malignancies. Chu, QS; Damle, B; DeCillis, AP; Denis, L; Hammond, LA; Letrent, SP; Molpus, K; Ochoa, L; Rha, SY; Roedig, B; Rowinsky, EK; Schwartz, G, 2004)	0.32
" The pharmacokinetic data suggested potent inhibition of 5-FU clearance by CHDP, with resultant 5-FU exposure at least 10-fold higher than that reported from equitoxic doses of tegafur modulated by uracil in the oral fluoropyrimidine UFT."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 on a once-daily-for-28-day schedule in patients with advanced malignancies. Chu, QS; Damle, B; DeCillis, AP; Denis, L; Hammond, LA; Letrent, SP; Molpus, K; Ochoa, L; Rha, SY; Roedig, B; Rowinsky, EK; Schwartz, G, 2004)	0.32
" The pharmacokinetic data indicate substantial modulation of 5-FU clearance by CDHP."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 on a once-daily-for-28-day schedule in patients with advanced malignancies. Chu, QS; Damle, B; DeCillis, AP; Denis, L; Hammond, LA; Letrent, SP; Molpus, K; Ochoa, L; Rha, SY; Roedig, B; Rowinsky, EK; Schwartz, G, 2004)	0.32
" Therefore, we initiated a phase I pharmacokinetic study of this combination in our gastric cancer patients."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic study of S-1 plus cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. Ajani, JA; Anbe, H; Carr, KL; Faust, J; Houghton, M; Ikeda, K; Urrea, P; Yao, JC, 2005)	0.33
" In conclusion, individual dose adjustment using pharmacokinetic study of 5-FU might be beneficial to patients with impaired renal function."	( [A trial of TS-1 administration on the basis of the pharmacokinetic study for an advanced gastric cancer patient with impaired renal function]. Fukunaga, M; Furukawa, H; Imamura, H; Kamigaki, S; Kawasaki, T; Kishimoto, T; Kondo, M; Masutani, S; Nakayama, T; Oshiro, R; Takemoto, H; Tanaka, J; Tatsuta, M; Yamamoto, K, 2005)	0.33
" A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in an additional 5 patients on days 7 and 8 during the first course given at the RD."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of S-1 combined with weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Fujitani, K; Furukawa, H; Gotoh, M; Hirao, M; Narahara, H; Satomi, E; Taguchi, T; Takiuchi, H; Tsujinaka, T, 2005)	0.33
" There were no significant pharmacokinetic interactions between S-1 and paclitaxel."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of S-1 combined with weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Fujitani, K; Furukawa, H; Gotoh, M; Hirao, M; Narahara, H; Satomi, E; Taguchi, T; Takiuchi, H; Tsujinaka, T, 2005)	0.33
" In the total gastrectomy cases the post-operative tmax of both 5-FU and CDHP was shorter than the pre-operative tmax, and no significant differences were observed between the pre- and post-operative AUC0-8 h values."	( Effect of gastrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil and gimeracil after oral administration of S-1. Kamano, T; Kawai, K; Kitajima, M; Ochiai, T; Sakamoto, K; Shirasaka, T; Tsuruoka, Y; Watabe, S, 2006)	0.33
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-FU in the serum were as follows: Cmax, 159 ."	( [Pharmacokinetics of 5-FU after S-1 oral administration for adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients]. Fuchimoto, M; Fujikura, H; Hato, S; Higashida, M; Hirabayashi, Y; Hirai, T; Kawabe, Y; Matsumoto, H; Murakami, H; Tsunoda, T; Urakami, A; Yamashita, K, 2007)	0.34
" We aimed to develop a pharmacokinetic model to describe the kinetics of tegafur and 5-FU after the administration of TS-1 and UFT."	( Development of a pharmacokinetic model to optimize the dosage regimen of TS-1, a combination preparation of tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium. Hori, S; Inoue, S; Ohtani, H; Sawada, Y; Tsujimoto, M, 2007)	0.34
" Thus, we prospectively analyzed the effects of the CYP2A6 genotype, plasma level of CDHP, and patient characteristics on the pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of FT and 5-FU."	( CYP2A6 and the plasma level of 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine are determinants of the pharmacokinetic variability of tegafur and 5-fluorouracil, respectively, in Japanese patients with cancer given S-1. Akiyama, Y; Ando, Y; Araki, K; Endo, H; Endo, S; Fujita, K; Ichikawa, W; Kamataki, T; Kawara, K; Kodama, K; Miwa, K; Miya, T; Nagashima, F; Narabayashi, M; Sasaki, Y; Sunakawa, Y; Tanaka, R; Yamamoto, W, 2008)	0.35
" A pharmacokinetic study of PTX was also performed."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic study of weekly intravenous and intraperitoneal paclitaxel combined with S-1 for advanced gastric cancer. Hidemura, A; Ishigami, H; Kaisaki, S; Kamei, T; Kitayama, J; Miyato, H; Nagawa, H; Otani, K; Soma, D; Yamashita, H, 2009)	0.35
" Coadministration of S-1 changed the pharmacokinetic behavior of CPT-11 and its metabolites."	( Effects of oral administration of S-1 on the pharmacokinetics of SN-38, irinotecan active metabolite, in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Hamada, A; Saito, H; Sasaki, Y; Tazoe, K; Yokoo, K, 2009)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed following a single dose of S-1 on D-5 and D1 of the first cycle."	( Phase I/II and pharmacokinetic study of S-1 and oxaliplatin in previously untreated advanced gastric cancer. Bae, KS; Chang, HM; Jang, G; Kang, YK; Kim, TW; Lee, JL; Lee, SS; Park, I; Ryu, MH; Sym, SJ; Yoo, C, 2010)	0.36
"In this study, we compared the pharmacokinetic profiles of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo) after administration of S-1 at 35 or 40 mg/m(2) bid for 28 consecutive days, in Cycles 1 and 3, in patients with advanced gastric cancer."	( Two dosages of oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 of 35 and 40 mg/m2 bid: comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles in Korean patients with advanced gastric cancer. Ahn, JB; Chung, HC; Jeung, HC; Noh, SH; Rha, SY; Roh, JK; Shin, SJ, 2010)	0.36
" Pharmacokinetic profiles on day 28 were similar to previous Japanese report."	( Two dosages of oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 of 35 and 40 mg/m2 bid: comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles in Korean patients with advanced gastric cancer. Ahn, JB; Chung, HC; Jeung, HC; Noh, SH; Rha, SY; Roh, JK; Shin, SJ, 2010)	0.36
"We suggest that these pharmacokinetic profiles of Asian population could provide a basis for schedule optimization and for additional studies on interaction with other antitumor drugs."	( Two dosages of oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 of 35 and 40 mg/m2 bid: comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles in Korean patients with advanced gastric cancer. Ahn, JB; Chung, HC; Jeung, HC; Noh, SH; Rha, SY; Roh, JK; Shin, SJ, 2010)	0.36
" Following intravenous administration of S-1, the blood concentration-time profiles of CDHP were similar between control rats and rats with hepatic dysfunction, but the half-life of tegafur was significantly prolonged."	( Effect of dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver dysfunction on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil after administration of S-1, an antitumour drug, to rats. Chikamoto, J; Kanie, S; Nagayama, S; Nishimura, T; Yoshisue, K, 2009)	0.35
"The pharmacokinetic profiles of tegafur, 5-FU and CDHP were altered by changes in the elimination rate of tegafur induced by a decrease in the conversion of tegafur to 5-FU."	( Effect of dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver dysfunction on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil after administration of S-1, an antitumour drug, to rats. Chikamoto, J; Kanie, S; Nagayama, S; Nishimura, T; Yoshisue, K, 2009)	0.35
"The maximum concentration (Cmax), the area under the curve from the drug administration to the infinite time (AUCinf), and the elimination half-life (T1/2) of GEM were not significantly different between GEM administration with and without S-1."	( Plasma pharmacokinetics after combined therapy of gemcitabine and oral S-1 for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Amano, R; Hirakawa, K; Hirakawa, T; Nakao, S; Nakata, B; Okita, Y; Shinto, O; Tamura, T; Yamada, N, 2010)	0.36
"We developed a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of S-1 including the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 genotype and then used this PPK model to assess the influence of the CYP2A6 genotype on PK parameters of S-1 and the relationship between toxicity and the individual maximum concentrations (Cmax) or the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in Japanese patients with advanced cancer."	( Pharmacokinetics of S-1 and CYP2A6 genotype in Japanese patients with advanced cancer. Adachi, M; Fujita, K; Hirose, T; Ishida, H; Miwa, K; Mizuno, K; Nagashima, F; Nishimura, K; Sasaki, Y; Sunakawa, Y; Tanigawara, Y; Yamashita, K, 2010)	0.36
"To evaluate the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of S-1, which composed of tegafur (FT, a prodrug of 5-FU), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate (Oxo), in Taiwanese advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients."	( A phase II and pharmacokinetic study of first line S-1 for advanced gastric cancer in Taiwan. Chao, TY; Chao, Y; Chen, JS; Chen, LT; Chen, PM; Cheng, AL; Chiou, TJ; Hsieh, RK; Whang-Peng, J; Yeh, KH, 2011)	0.37
" Single-dose pharmacokinetic study showed trend toward lower AUC(5-FU), and higher AUC(FT) and AUC(Oxo) comparing to most Western reports."	( A phase II and pharmacokinetic study of first line S-1 for advanced gastric cancer in Taiwan. Chao, TY; Chao, Y; Chen, JS; Chen, LT; Chen, PM; Cheng, AL; Chiou, TJ; Hsieh, RK; Whang-Peng, J; Yeh, KH, 2011)	0.37
"The efficacy, toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of S-1 in current study are compatible with those from other Asian populations."	( A phase II and pharmacokinetic study of first line S-1 for advanced gastric cancer in Taiwan. Chao, TY; Chao, Y; Chen, JS; Chen, LT; Chen, PM; Cheng, AL; Chiou, TJ; Hsieh, RK; Whang-Peng, J; Yeh, KH, 2011)	0.37
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gimeracil (CDHP), a reversible dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other related metabolites by comparing the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of S-1 (tegafur [FT] + CDHP + oteracil potassium [Oxo]) to that of FT alone."	( A phase I study evaluating the effect of CDHP as a component of S-1 on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil. Mendelson, DS; Ravage-Mass, L; Rosen, LS; Saif, MW; Saito, K; Zergebel, C, 2011)	0.37
" We conducted a phase I study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic of TSU-68 when used with S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients."	( A phase I pharmacokinetic study of TSU-68 (a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-2, FGF and PDFG) in combination with S-1 and oxaliplatin in metastatic colorectal cancer patients previously treated with chemotherapy. Ahn, JB; Chung, HC; Jeung, HC; Jung, M; Kim, HR; Rha, SY; Roh, JK; Shin, SJ, 2012)	0.38
"This pharmacokinetic study of S-1 was conducted in patients in whom glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was directly measured to explore the possibility of adjusting the S-1 dose on the basis of GFR in patients with normal or nearly normal renal function."	( Pharmacokinetic study of S-1 in patients in whom inulin clearance was measured. Ando, Y; Fujimoto, Y; Fujita, K; Hiramatsu, M; Inada, M; Kawada, K; Mitsuma, A; Morita, S; Yasuda, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected on the seventh day of treatment."	( An immunoassay method for the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil in patients with gastric cancer administered adjuvant chemotherapy. Higashida, M; Hirai, T; Kubota, H; Matsumoto, H; Murakami, H; Nakamura, M; Nakashima, H; Oka, Y; Okumura, H; Tsutsumi, K, 2012)	0.38
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of tegafur, 5-fluorouracil, gimeracil, potassium oxonate and uracil after single oral administration were as follows: (2,207 +/- 545), (220."	( [Pharmacokinetics of S-1 capsule in patients with advanced gastric cancer]. Chu, Y; Ding, L; Liu, HY; Yu, Y; Zhu, H, 2012)	0.38
" No pharmacokinetic interaction between S-1 and gefitinib was detected."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of gefitinib and S-1 combination therapy for advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung. Azuma, K; Daga, H; Hayashi, H; Kiyota, H; Miyazaki, M; Murakami, H; Naito, T; Nakagawa, K; Okada, H; Okamoto, I; Takeda, K; Takeda, M; Tanaka, K; Terashima, M; Yamamoto, N, 2013)	0.39
" Pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were determined using non-compartmental models with DAS2."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug S-1 in Chinese cancer patients. Bian, HH; Chen, L; Pu, WY; Wang, H; Wang, J; Zhang, H; Zhu, H; Zhu, MG; Zhuang, ZX, 2013)	0.39
" However, there is a paucity of data from sufficiently powered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies to support dosage recommendations in such patients."	( Optimization of cancer chemotherapy on the basis of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: from patients enrolled in clinical trials to those in the 'real world'. Fujita, K; Sasaki, Y, 2014)	0.4
"We performed a pharmacokinetic phase I trial of the combination of S-1 granules and nedaplatin for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic study of S-1 granules and nedaplatin for advanced head and neck cancer. Doi, K; Fujisaka, Y; Hayashi, H; Kawakami, H; Nakagawa, K; Nishimura, Y; Nishina, S; Okamoto, I; Okamoto, K; Satoh, T; Takeda, M; Tanaka, K; Terao, K; Ueda, S, 2013)	0.39
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of S-1 granule did not differ from the capsula formulation."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic study of S-1 granules and nedaplatin for advanced head and neck cancer. Doi, K; Fujisaka, Y; Hayashi, H; Kawakami, H; Nakagawa, K; Nishimura, Y; Nishina, S; Okamoto, I; Okamoto, K; Satoh, T; Takeda, M; Tanaka, K; Terao, K; Ueda, S, 2013)	0.39
" This study explored the pharmacokinetics of S-1 and pharmacokinetic changes after gastric surgery in patients with resectable gastric cancer who received pre- and postoperative S-1 plus docetaxel."	( Postgastrectomy pharmacokinetic changes of S-1 in patients with localized advanced gastric cancer. Hwang, A; Ju Choi, I; Kim, MJ; Kim, YW; Lee, JH; Lim, HS; Park, SR; Park, YI; Ryu, KW, 2015)	0.42
"We conducted a prospective pharmacokinetic study to develop an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function."	( Development of an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function by a prospective pharmacokinetic study. Boku, N; Booka, E; Gomi, D; Hamamoto, Y; Ichiyama, T; Imamura, CK; Kawakubo, H; Kitagawa, Y; Mizukami, T; Soejima, K; Takahashi, T; Takeuchi, H; Tanigawara, Y; Tateishi, K, 2016)	0.43

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" We report three cases of advanced gastric cancer treated using TS-1 in combination with a low-dose of cisplatinum (CDDP) that well responded."	( [Three cases of advanced gastric cancer treated by TS-1 in combination with low-dose cisplatinum]. Gomi, T; Kanaya, S; Katayama, T; Momoi, H; Ohtoshi, M; Tamaki, N; Wada, Y, 2002)	0.31
" The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical toxicities, antitumor effect, survival duration, and a recommended dosage schedule in combination with TS-1 and CDDP."	( [A pilot study of TS-1 combined with cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer]. Ina, K; Indo, T; Iwase, H; Iyo, T; Kaida, S; Kusugami, K; Mizuno, T; Nakamura, M; Nakarai, K; Okeya, M; Shimada, M, 2002)	0.31
" In conclusion, the placement of a self-expandable metallic stent in combination with cholangioscopic microwave coagulation therapy and TS-1 was very effective in managing the obstructive jaundice due to the local recurrence of gastric cancer."	( A self-expandable metallic stent in combination with cholangioscopic microwave coagulation therapy and chemotherapy with oral TS-1 against obstructive jaundice due to recurrent gastric cancer: a case report of successful treatment. Hashimoto, K; Higami, T; Itakura, M; Koike, M; Nio, Y; Omori, H; Yano, S, )	0.13
" A biological response modifier, lentinan (LNT) prolonged the survival period of patients with UARG when combined with tegafur (FT)."	( [Pilot study of TS-1 combined with lentinan in patients with unresectable or recurrent advanced gastric cancer]. Atomi, Y; Kusano, M; Mitsumori, N; Nakajima, M; Nimura, H; Suzuki, S; Tokunaga, A; Tsukagoshi, S; Yoshiyuki, T, 2003)	0.32
") cisplatin combined with a fixed dose of a new oral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase-inhibitory fluoropyrimidine, S-1, on an outpatient basis."	( A phase I study of S-1 combined with weekly cisplatin for metastatic gastric cancer in an outpatient setting. Endo, H; Endo, S; Hirao, K; Hirasaki, S; Hyodo, I; Kurita, A; Masumoto, T; Moriwaki, T; Nasu, J; Nishina, T; Tajiri, H; Terao, T, 2003)	0.32
"A dose-escalation study of cisplatin (CDDP) combined with S-1, a new oral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitory fluoropyrimidine, was performed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose (RD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and objective response rate (RR) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC)."	( Phase I/II study of S-1 combined with cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Boku, N; Gotoh, M; Koizumi, W; Matsumura, Y; Nagashima, F; Ohtsu, A; Saigenji, K; Shirao, K; Tanabe, S, 2003)	0.32
" These findings suggest that the local DC therapy in combination with TS-1 and OK-432 may be a useful strategy for the treatment of solid tumors, and that TLR4 signaling is involved in the success of this therapy."	( Anti-tumor effect of an intratumoral administration of dendritic cells in combination with TS-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine anti-cancer drug, and OK-432, a streptococcal immunopotentiator: involvement of toll-like receptor 4. Ahmed, SU; Hiroshima, T; Kan, S; Moriya, Y; Ohue, H; Okamoto, M; Oshikawa, T; Ryoma, Y; Saito, M; Sasai, A; Sato, M; Tano, T, )	0.13
"To evaluate the antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy of oral fluoropyrimidines, alone and combined with taxane on human breast cancer xenografts model, we developed a breast cancer model that spontaneously metastasizes to the lung by orthotopic implantation of MDA-MB-435S-HM tumors into the mammary fat pad (mfp) of SCID mice."	( Antimetastatic and anticancer activity of S-1, a new oral dihydropyrimidine-dehydrogenase-inhibiting fluoropyrimidine, alone and in combination with paclitaxel in an orthotopically implanted human breast cancer model. Fujioka, A; Fukushima, M; Kitazato, K; Nagayama, S; Nakagawa, F; Nukatsuka, M; Oshimo, H; Sugimoto, Y; Uchida, J, 2004)	0.32
" These findings suggest that local DC therapy in combination with TS-1 and OK-432 may well be a useful strategy for the treatment of solid tumors, and that TLR4 signaling is involved in the success of this therapy."	( [Anti-tumor effect of intratumoral administration of dendritic cells in combination with TS-1 and OK-432]. Ahmed, SU; Okamoto, M; Oshikawa, T; Sato, M; Tano, T, 2004)	0.32
"The aim of this multicentric trial was to determine the clinical toxicities and antitumor effects of a chemotherapy regimen of S-1 combined with cisplatin in patients with inoperable locally or metastatic advanced gastric cancer."	( A phase II multicentric trial of S-1 combined with 24 h-infusion of cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Goto, S; Haruta, J; Horiuchi, Y; Ina, K; Iwase, H; Kumada, S; Kusugami, K; Shimada, M; Sugihara, M; Tsuzuki, T; Yamaguchi, T, )	0.13
"The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of S-1, an oral fluorouracil derivative, combined with gemcitabine, the current standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer (APC)."	( Phase I trial of oral S-1 combined with gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ishihara, T; Kato, H; Kobayashi, A; Nakamura, K; Saisho, H; Sudo, K; Tadenuma, H; Yamaguchi, T, 2005)	0.33
"We designed an outpatient regimen consisting of fractional cisplatin in combination with S-1, a novel oral fluoropyrimidine derivative for the treatment of recurrent or advanced gastric cancer and conducted a phase I study to determine the dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) and recommended dose (RD)."	( Performance of outpatient regimen of S-1 in combination with fractional cisplatin for advanced or recurrent gastric cancers: a phase I study. Hiki, N; Imamura, K; Kaminishi, M; Mafune, K; Shimoyama, S; Yamaguchi, H, 2005)	0.33
" S-1 in combination with fractional cisplatin is a promising regimen that allows repeated drug administration, in an outpatient setting, for advanced or recurrent gastric cancers."	( Performance of outpatient regimen of S-1 in combination with fractional cisplatin for advanced or recurrent gastric cancers: a phase I study. Hiki, N; Imamura, K; Kaminishi, M; Mafune, K; Shimoyama, S; Yamaguchi, H, 2005)	0.33
"A dose-escalation study of irinotecan (CPT-11) combined with S-1, a novel oral fluoropyrimidine, was performed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose (RD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in advanced gastric cancer."	( Phase I study of S-1 combined with irinotecan (CPT-11) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (OGSG 0002). Fujitani, K; Furukawa, H; Gotoh, M; Iishi, H; Katsu, K; Kawabe, S; Narahara, H; Taguchi, T; Takiuchi, H; Tatsuta, M; Tsujinaka, T, 2005)	0.33
" The patient was treated with TS-1 combined with CPT-11."	( [A case of an increase in resectability with preoperative chemotherapy TS-1 combined with CPT-11 for unresectable rectal cancer in downstaging]. Doi, M; Egawa, T; Hayashi, S; Kitano, M; Nagashima, A; Yoshii, H, 2005)	0.33
"A dose-escalation study of weekly paclitaxel combined with S-1, a novel oral fluoropyrimidine, was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the recommended dose (RD) and the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in advanced gastric cancer."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of S-1 combined with weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Fujitani, K; Furukawa, H; Gotoh, M; Hirao, M; Narahara, H; Satomi, E; Taguchi, T; Takiuchi, H; Tsujinaka, T, 2005)	0.33
"Weekly paclitaxel combined with S-1 was demonstrated to exhibit a tolerable toxicity profile with therapeutic plasma concentration at the dose of 50 mg/m(2)."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of S-1 combined with weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Fujitani, K; Furukawa, H; Gotoh, M; Hirao, M; Narahara, H; Satomi, E; Taguchi, T; Takiuchi, H; Tsujinaka, T, 2005)	0.33
" After 33 months, a high dose of CDDP was administered twice in combination with TS-1, because elevation of serum CEA levels and paraortic lymphnode swelling were observed for the first time."	( [A case of gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination who achieved five-year survival by successive treatments with TS-1 alone and in combination with other drugs]. Aiko, S; Ishizuka, T; Kumano, I; Maehara, T; Sakano, T; Sugiura, Y; Yoshizumi, Y, 2006)	0.33
"A dose-escalation study of irinotecan (CPT-11) combined with S-1, an oral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitory fluoropyrimidine, was performed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose (RD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and objective response rate (RR) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC)."	( Phase I/II study of S-1 combined with irinotecan for metastatic advanced gastric cancer. Ichikawa, W; Inokuchi, M; Kawano, T; Kojima, K; Nihei, Z; Sugihara, K; Yamada, H; Yamashita, T, 2006)	0.33
"We conducted a phase II trial of gemcitabine with S-1, oral fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug tegafur combined with two modulators, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate, to evaluate the activity and toxicity of such a combination in metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) patients."	( Phase II trial of oral S-1 combined with gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ishihara, T; Kato, H; Nakamura, K; Saisho, H; Sudo, K; Yamaguchi, T, 2006)	0.33
" Because it was the yearend, we selected neoadjuvant TS-1 combined with CDDP therapy."	( [Advanced gastric cancer responding to pathological CR after neoadjuvant TS-1 combined with CDDP therapy--report of a case]. Nakagawa, S; Nashimoto, A; Ohta, T; Takii, Y; Tanaka, O; Tsuchiya, Y; Yabusaki, H, 2006)	0.33
"We developed a combination chemotherapy, comprising weekly dosing of iv cisplatin (days 1 and 8) combined with a fixed dose (70 mg/m2/day) of S-1 (days 1-14) for patients with metastatic gastric cancer."	( [S-1 combined with weekly dosing of cisplatin for metastatic gastric cancer]. Hyodo, I, 2006)	0.33
"S-1 Combined with Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: Masahiro Gotoh, Shin-ichiro Kawabe and Hiroya Takiuchi (Dept."	( [S-1 combined with weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer]. Gotoh, M; Kawabe, S; Takiuchi, H, 2006)	0.33
"Lentinan (LNT) is a beta-glucan known to have a life-prolonging effect in combination with chemotherapy for patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer."	( [S-1 combined with lentinan in patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer]. Kashimura, H; Kashiwagi, H; Mitsumori, N; Nimura, H; Takahashi, N; Takayama, S; Yanaga, K, 2006)	0.33
"Chemoradiotherapy combined with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin have been effective for the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer, but superior treatments are needed."	( [Radiotherapy combined with S-1 and cisplatin for locally advanced and metastatic esophageal cancer]. Iwase, H, 2006)	0.33
"Chemoradiotherapy combined with S-1 and cisplatin may be a promising treatment option for advanced esophageal cancer."	( [Radiotherapy combined with S-1 and cisplatin for locally advanced and metastatic esophageal cancer]. Iwase, H, 2006)	0.33
" This phase I/II study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose (RD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and objective response rate of paclitaxel in combination with S-1."	( Phase I/II study of S-1 combined with paclitaxel in patients with unresectable and/or recurrent advanced gastric cancer. Aihara, R; Asao, T; Haga, N; Kamiyama, Y; Kuwano, H; Mochiki, E; Nakabayashi, T; Nakamura, J; Ohno, T; Ohsawa, H; Ojima, H; Takeuchi, K, 2006)	0.33
"In this study, the response of human OSCC cells to TRAIL alone and in combination with S-1 was examined using nude mouse xenograft models."	( Effects of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand alone and in combination with fluoropyrimidine anticancer agent, S-1, on tumor growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Ferdous, T; Harada, K; Itashiki, Y; Yoshida, H, )	0.13
"To determine the safety profile and activity of IP docetaxel combined with S-1 for patients with peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer, a multi-centric phase I/II study has started."	( [A multi-centric phase I/II study of intraperitoneal docetaxel combined with S-1 for patients with peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer]. Fujimura, T; Fukushima, N; Fushida, S; Goda, F; Hirono, Y; Imano, M; Kaji, M; Kurita, A; Kurita, N; Nashimoto, A; Ohta, T; Tanemura, H; Tsujitani, S; Watanabe, Y; Yamaguchi, K, 2007)	0.34
" The patient was treated with S-1 combined with CPT-11."	( [An elderly patient with recurrent rectal cancer successfully responded to S-1 combined with CPT-11]. Doi, M; Egawa, T; Hayashi, S; Ito, Y; Kitano, M; Nagashima, A; Sekine, K; Shimizu, M; Yoshii, H, 2007)	0.34
"We designed a phase I/II trial of S-1 combined with weekly docetaxel to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) and to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity in metastatic gastric carcinoma (MGC)."	( Phase I/II study of S-1 combined with weekly docetaxel in patients with metastatic gastric carcinoma. Bae, JM; Choi, IJ; Kim, CG; Kim, HK; Kim, NK; Kim, YW; Lee, JH; Lee, JS; Park, SR; Ryu, KW, 2008)	0.35
"We herein describe the case of a patient with advanced gastric carcinoma combined with extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma who received a radical operation after undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy."	( Advanced gastric carcinoma combined with extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma resected after three courses of S-1 and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy: report of a case. Inamine, S; Miyata, M; Sunagawa, H; Takeshima, M; Zaha, H, 2008)	0.35
"The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal dose of oxaliplatin, when combined with a fixed dose of S-1 (40 mg/m twice daily on days 1-14) on a 3-week schedule, for patients with advanced and/or metastatic colorectal cancer."	( Phase I dose-escalating study of S-1 in combination with oxaliplatin for patients with advanced and/or metastatic colorectal cancer. Cao, J; Li, J; Liu, Y; Lu, F; Yin, J; Zhu, X; Zuo, Y, 2008)	0.35
"A phase 2 trial of S-1 combined with cisplatin was conducted for unresectable pancreatic cancer."	( Phase 2 trial of oral S-1 combined with low-dose cisplatin for unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer. Fujita, Y; Hirono, S; Ina, S; Kawai, M; Miyazawa, M; Nishioka, R; Tani, M; Yamaue, H, )	0.13
" We treated the patient with S-1 combined with CPT-11."	( [Three cases with liver metastasis from gastric or colon cancer successfully treated with S-1 combined with CPT- 11]. Ishii, Y; Mado, K; Manmoto, J; Masuda, H; Mazaki, T; Okame, H; Suzuki, K; Takayama, T, 2008)	0.35
" To determine the feasibility of S-1 combined with weekly irinotecan for patients with advanced NSCLC, we performed a phase I study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the recommended dose (RD) of irinotecan."	( Phase I study of daily S-1 combined with weekly irinotecan in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Honda, Y; Ishida, T; Ishimoto, O; Munakata, M; Sugawara, S, 2009)	0.35
" In the present study, we conducted a phase I study to examine local control of S-1 in the combination with DOC using super-selective intra-arterial infusion with oral cancer."	( [Clinical phase I trial of S-1 in the combination with DOC using super-selective intra-arterial infusion with oral cancer]. Harada, K; Horinaga, D; Mano, T; Mihara, M; Okafuji, M; Uchida, K; Ueyama, Y; Wada, N, 2009)	0.35
"A dose-escalation study of weekly intraperitoneal paclitaxel (PTX) combined with S-1 and intravenous PTX was performed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) in gastric cancer patients."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic study of weekly intravenous and intraperitoneal paclitaxel combined with S-1 for advanced gastric cancer. Hidemura, A; Ishigami, H; Kaisaki, S; Kamei, T; Kitayama, J; Miyato, H; Nagawa, H; Otani, K; Soma, D; Yamashita, H, 2009)	0.35
"In this study, the response of human OSCC cells to cepharanthine alone and in combination with S-1 was examined using nude mouse xenograft models."	( Effects of cepharanthine alone and in combination with fluoropyrimidine anticancer agent, S-1, on tumor growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Ferdous, T; Harada, K; Itashiki, Y; Mano, T; Mori, Y; Takii, M; Ueyama, Y, 2009)	0.35
" paclitaxel (PTX) combined with S-1 was carried out in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis."	( Phase II study of weekly intravenous and intraperitoneal paclitaxel combined with S-1 for advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis. Hidemura, A; Ishigami, H; Kaisaki, S; Kamei, T; Kato, M; Kitayama, J; Miyato, H; Nagawa, H; Otani, K; Soma, D; Yamashita, H, 2010)	0.36
"As there is no standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer refractory to first-line chemotherapy, the feasibility of S-1 plus weekly docetaxel combined with concurrent radiotherapy was evaluated."	( Feasibility study of S-1 plus weekly docetaxel combined with concurrent radiotherapy in advanced gastric cancer refractory to first-line chemotherapy. Fujitani, K; Hirao, M; Kurokawa, Y; Tsujinaka, T; Yamasaki, H; Yoshida, K, 2009)	0.35
"S-1 plus weekly docetaxel combined with concurrent RT exhibited a tolerable toxicity profile with sufficient symptom palliation and prolonged survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer refractory to first-line chemotherapy."	( Feasibility study of S-1 plus weekly docetaxel combined with concurrent radiotherapy in advanced gastric cancer refractory to first-line chemotherapy. Fujitani, K; Hirao, M; Kurokawa, Y; Tsujinaka, T; Yamasaki, H; Yoshida, K, 2009)	0.35
" Weekly intravenous and intraperitoneal PTX combined with S-1 was highly effective in gastric cancer with malignant ascites."	( Weekly intravenous and intraperitoneal paclitaxel combined with S-1 for malignant ascites due to advanced gastric cancer. Hidemura, A; Ishigami, H; Kaisaki, S; Kamei, T; Kato, M; Kitayama, J; Miyato, H; Nagawa, H; Otani, K; Soma, D; Yamashita, H, 2010)	0.36
"Recently, in drug therapy for patients with advanced digestive cancer, S-1 (tegafur x gimeracil x oteracil potassium) alone or S-1 combined with other chemotherapeutic agents (S-1+alpha) is prescribed."	( [Provision for adverse effect of S-1 containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced digestive cancer--combination with superfine dispersed lentinan]. Hazama, S; Nakazawa, S; Suga, T; Watanabe, S; Yagi, M; Yoshino, S, 2010)	0.36
" In this study, the response of human OSCC cells to Lentinan alone and in combination with S-1 was examined using nude mouse xenograft models."	( Effects of lentinan alone and in combination with fluoropyrimidine anticancer agent on growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Harada, K; Itashiki, Y; Takenawa, T; Ueyama, Y, 2010)	0.36
" Administration of TSU-68 in combination with SOX is generally well tolerated."	( A phase I pharmacokinetic study of TSU-68 (a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-2, FGF and PDFG) in combination with S-1 and oxaliplatin in metastatic colorectal cancer patients previously treated with chemotherapy. Ahn, JB; Chung, HC; Jeung, HC; Jung, M; Kim, HR; Rha, SY; Roh, JK; Shin, SJ, 2012)	0.38
" To the best of our knowledge, cases of EGC combined with metachronous osteosclerotic multiple bone and bone marrow metastases that respond to chemoradiotherapy are very rare."	( Early gastric cancer combined with multiple metachronous osteosclerotic bone and bone marrow metastases that responded to chemoradiotherapy. Chiba, F; Kiyozaki, H; Konishi, F; Saito, M; Shuto, C; Takata, O; Yamada, S; Yoshida, T, 2011)	0.37
" We investigated the activity and toxicity of S-1 in combination with cisplatin in patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( An open-label, multicenter, three-stage, phase II study of s-1 in combination with cisplatin as first-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Baggstrom, M; Graham, C; Herbst, R; Jones, D; Saito, K; Sandler, A; Zergebel, C, 2011)	0.37
"In the current study, we have evaluated the clinical and immunological responses in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma who received dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1."	( Clinical and immunologic evaluation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Homma, S; Imai, K; Kimura, Y; Koido, S; Okamoto, M; Shimamura, K; Shimodaira, S; Sunamura, M; Takahashi, H; Tomoda, T; Tsukada, J; Yonemitsu, Y, 2012)	0.38
"Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy (DC vaccine alone or DC vaccine plus lymphokine-activated killer [LAK] cell therapy) in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 has been carried out in 49 patients with inoperable pancreatic carcinoma refractory to standard treatment."	( Clinical and immunologic evaluation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Homma, S; Imai, K; Kimura, Y; Koido, S; Okamoto, M; Shimamura, K; Shimodaira, S; Sunamura, M; Takahashi, H; Tomoda, T; Tsukada, J; Yonemitsu, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Survival of patients receiving DC vaccine and chemotherapy plus LAK cell therapy was longer than those receiving DC vaccine in combination with chemotherapy but no LAK cells."	( Clinical and immunologic evaluation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Homma, S; Imai, K; Kimura, Y; Koido, S; Okamoto, M; Shimamura, K; Shimodaira, S; Sunamura, M; Takahashi, H; Tomoda, T; Tsukada, J; Yonemitsu, Y, 2012)	0.38
"Dendritic cell vaccine-based immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy was shown to be safe and possibly effective in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer refractory to standard treatment."	( Clinical and immunologic evaluation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Homma, S; Imai, K; Kimura, Y; Koido, S; Okamoto, M; Shimamura, K; Shimodaira, S; Sunamura, M; Takahashi, H; Tomoda, T; Tsukada, J; Yonemitsu, Y, 2012)	0.38
" We selected neoadjuvant S-1 combined with CDDP therapy for him."	( [Type 4 advanced gastric cancer responding to histological complete response after neoadjuvant S-1 combined with CDDP therapy-report of a case]. Asaumi, Y; Doden, K; Fujita, M; Hashizume, Y; Hattori, M; Hayashi, H; Hayashida, Y; Hirano, M; Ito, H; Kaizaki, Y; Kitamura, H; Maeda, K; Miyanaga, T; Miyazaki, M; Ohta, K; Sawada, K; Yagi, D, 2011)	0.37
"As there are no reports of S-1 in combination with trastuzumab in clinical settings, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of S-1 in combination with trastuzumab for human epidermal-growth factor receptor (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and determined the recommended dose (RD)."	( Phase I study of S-1 in combination with trastuzumab for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Ito, T; Kamigaki, S; Morita, S; Nakayama, T; Noguchi, S; Sakamoto, J; Taguchi, T; Takashima, T; Yoshidome, K, 2011)	0.37
" Two cycles of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with docetaxel combined with S-1, were administrated and gastrectomy with lymph node dissection was performed in cases without macroscopic PC at post-NIPS staging laparoscopy."	( Intraperitoneal docetaxel combined with S-1 for advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination. Doki, Y; Fujiwara, Y; Kurokawa, Y; Miyata, H; Mori, M; Nakajima, K; Takiguchi, S; Yamasaki, M, 2012)	0.38
"This study indicated that the NIPS combined with surgery was highly active and well tolerated by advanced gastric cancer patients with PC."	( Intraperitoneal docetaxel combined with S-1 for advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination. Doki, Y; Fujiwara, Y; Kurokawa, Y; Miyata, H; Mori, M; Nakajima, K; Takiguchi, S; Yamasaki, M, 2012)	0.38
" The study was designed to identify the maximum tolerable dose and the dose-limiting toxicities of two schedules of S-1 combined with oxaliplatin and bevacizumab, in advanced solid tumor patients."	( Phase I study of two schedules of oral S-1 in combination with fixed doses of oxaliplatin and bevacizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. Chung, KY; Hollywood, E; Saito, K; Saltz, LB; Segal, M; Zergebel, C, 2011)	0.37
"S-1, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab can be administered with acceptable safety and tolerability and without evidence of pharmacokinetic interactions."	( Phase I study of two schedules of oral S-1 in combination with fixed doses of oxaliplatin and bevacizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. Chung, KY; Hollywood, E; Saito, K; Saltz, LB; Segal, M; Zergebel, C, 2011)	0.37
" Preoperative RT combined with S-1 was feasible and well tolerated."	( Preoperative radiotherapy combined with S-1 for advanced lower rectal cancer: phase I trial. Ikushima, H; Iwata, T; Kashihara, H; Kurita, N; Miyatani, T; Morimoto, S; Nishioka, M; Sato, H; Shimada, M; Takasu, C; Yoshikawa, K, )	0.13
" Here, we report on a case of treatment of far advanced gastric cancer with synchronous multiple liver metastases with prompt S-1 in combination with fractional cisplatin sandwiched between twostage surgery."	( Pathological complete response of synchronous multiple liver metastases associated with advanced gastric cancer to gastrectomy and prompt S-1 treatment in combination with fractional cisplatin: report of a case. Hatao, F; Kiyokawa, T; Kokudo, N; Mise, Y; Nomura, S; Nunobe, S; Seto, Y; Shimizu, N; Sugawara, Y; Wada, I, )	0.13
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of S-1 combined with oxaliplatin (SOX) against unresectable advanced or metastatic gastric cancer."	( S-1 combined with oxaliplatin as first line chemotherapy for Chinese advanced gastric cancer patients. Liu, B; Luo, C; Xu, Q; Ying, J; Zhong, H; Zhu, L, )	0.13
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vaccination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24-restricted human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1)-1084 and VEGFR2-169 combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer."	( Phase I/II study of S-1 plus cisplatin combined with peptide vaccines for human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and 2 in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Doki, Y; Fujiwara, Y; Kurokawa, Y; Masuzawa, T; Miyata, H; Mori, M; Nakajima, K; Nakamura, A; Nakamura, Y; Okada, K; Osawa, R; Takeda, K; Takiguchi, S; Tsunoda, T; Yamasaki, M; Yoshida, K, 2012)	0.38
" The aim of the study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) of BV combined with irinotecan plus S-1, and to observe the safety and efficacy of this regimen as second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer."	( Phase I study of bevacizumab combined with irinotecan and S-1 as second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Akashi, K; Arita, S; Baba, E; Esaki, T; Kishimoto, J; Kumagai, H; Kusaba, H; Mitsugi, K; Uchino, K, 2013)	0.39
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of weekly paclitaxel combined with S-1 or fluorouracil in the first line treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma."	( [A phase II prospective randomized controlled trial of weekly paclitaxel combined with S-1 or fluorouracil for advanced gastric carcinoma]. Ba, Y; Deng, T; Guo, ZQ; Hu, CH; Huang, DZ; Meng, JC; Wan, HP; Wang, ML; Xiong, JP; Xu, N; Yan, Z; Yao, Y; Yu, Z; Yu, ZH; Zhang, Y; Zheng, RS; Zhuang, ZX, 2012)	0.38
" Weekly paclitaxel combined with S-1 is a safe regimen and has a promising efficacy."	( [A phase II prospective randomized controlled trial of weekly paclitaxel combined with S-1 or fluorouracil for advanced gastric carcinoma]. Ba, Y; Deng, T; Guo, ZQ; Hu, CH; Huang, DZ; Meng, JC; Wan, HP; Wang, ML; Xiong, JP; Xu, N; Yan, Z; Yao, Y; Yu, Z; Yu, ZH; Zhang, Y; Zheng, RS; Zhuang, ZX, 2012)	0.38
"Both amrubicin (Am) and S-1 are effective against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and preclinical studies have demonstrated that the effect of tegafur/uracil, the original compound of S-1, in combination with Am significantly inhibits tumor growth."	( Phase I/II study of amrubicin in combination with S-1 as second-line chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer without EGFR mutation. Kondo, T; Murakami, S; Oshita, F; Saito, H; Sugiura, M; Yamada, K, 2013)	0.39
" We report the first case of lung injury due to S-1 in combination with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), because the radiological findings and clinical courses were compatible with S-1-induced lung injury combined with PCP."	( S-1-induced lung injury combined with pneumocystis pneumonia. Yano, S, 2013)	0.39
" The purpose of this phase I study was to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of sorafenib in combination with S-1 plus CDDP."	( A phase I study of sorafenib in combination with S-1 plus cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Fuse, N; Hashizume, K; Ito, Y; Kato, K; Kiyota, N; Kuroki, Y; Minami, H; Ohtsu, A; Yamada, Y, 2014)	0.4
" Pharmacokinetic analysis showed no significant differences in the exposures of sorafenib when administered alone or in combination with S-1 and CDDP."	( A phase I study of sorafenib in combination with S-1 plus cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Fuse, N; Hashizume, K; Ito, Y; Kato, K; Kiyota, N; Kuroki, Y; Minami, H; Ohtsu, A; Yamada, Y, 2014)	0.4
" This phase 2 study evaluated the benefits and tolerability of weekly intravenous and intraperitoneal paclitaxel (PTX) treatment combined with oral S-1 in patients with gastric cancer who had macroscopic peritoneal metastasis."	( A phase 2 trial of intravenous and intraperitoneal paclitaxel combined with S-1 for treatment of gastric cancer with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis. Emoto, S; Ishigami, H; Kitayama, J; Watanabe, T; Yamaguchi, H; Yamashita, H, 2013)	0.39
" Two patients received only SOX as chemotherapy, while the others received SOX in combination with one of the three molecular-targeting agents, bevacizumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab."	( Impact of chemotherapy with S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) in combination with molecular-targeting agents on colorectal liver metastases. Akiba, T; Enomoto, H; Kawahara, H; Toyama, Y; Watanabe, K; Yanaga, K, 2013)	0.39
" In the other four patients who received SOX in combination with molecular targets, the size of liver metastases appeared unchanged at three months after limited chemotherapy by CT scan."	( Impact of chemotherapy with S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) in combination with molecular-targeting agents on colorectal liver metastases. Akiba, T; Enomoto, H; Kawahara, H; Toyama, Y; Watanabe, K; Yanaga, K, 2013)	0.39
"This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of S-1 combined with docetaxel (SD) following doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide (AC) as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with HER2-negative, stage II-III breast cancer."	( S-1 combined with docetaxel following doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide as neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer: phase II trial. Chung, HC; Kim, EK; Kim, JH; Kim, MJ; Kim, SI; Koo, JS; Lee, S; Moon, YW; Park, BW; Park, S; Sohn, J, 2013)	0.39
"Given all axillary lymph node positive diseases, neoadjuvant S-1 combined with docetaxel following AC showed a favorable anti-tumor activity but gastrointestinal discomfort should be carefully considered for future studies."	( S-1 combined with docetaxel following doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide as neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer: phase II trial. Chung, HC; Kim, EK; Kim, JH; Kim, MJ; Kim, SI; Koo, JS; Lee, S; Moon, YW; Park, BW; Park, S; Sohn, J, 2013)	0.39
" To date, no studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with SP in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive AGC."	( Phase II study of trastuzumab in combination with S-1 plus cisplatin in HER2-positive gastric cancer (HERBIS-1). Doki, Y; Furukawa, H; Gamoh, M; Imamura, H; Komatsu, Y; Kurokawa, Y; Miwa, H; Nishina, S; Okuda, H; Sakai, D; Shimokawa, T; Sugimoto, N; Tsuda, M; Tsujinaka, T, 2014)	0.4
"Trastuzumab in combination with SP showed promising antitumour activity and manageable toxic effects in patients with HER2-positive AGC."	( Phase II study of trastuzumab in combination with S-1 plus cisplatin in HER2-positive gastric cancer (HERBIS-1). Doki, Y; Furukawa, H; Gamoh, M; Imamura, H; Komatsu, Y; Kurokawa, Y; Miwa, H; Nishina, S; Okuda, H; Sakai, D; Shimokawa, T; Sugimoto, N; Tsuda, M; Tsujinaka, T, 2014)	0.4
" The goal of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of TSU-68 in combination with SOX."	( A phase II open-label randomized multicenter trial of TSU-68 in combination with S-1 and oxaliplatin versus S-1 in combination with oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Choi, YJ; Chun, HG; Chung, HC; Chung, IJ; Han, SW; Kim, JG; Kim, SY; Kim, TW; Kim, YH; Lee, J; Shin, DB; Shin, SJ; Song, HS, 2014)	0.4
"The optimal radiotherapy technique and combination with systemic therapy in locally advanced gastric cancer patients are far from being resolved despite the fact that radiochemotherapy is becoming more attractive in contemporary clinical practice."	( Effect of intensity modulated radiotherapy combined with s-1-based chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer patients. Gu, BX; Hu, JB; Hu, WX; Sun, XN; Wang, Q, 2014)	0.4
"The high rate of R0 resections and low rate of locoregional recurrence suggest that IMRT combined with S-1-based chemotherapy is an effective treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer patients."	( Effect of intensity modulated radiotherapy combined with s-1-based chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer patients. Gu, BX; Hu, JB; Hu, WX; Sun, XN; Wang, Q, 2014)	0.4
" The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of cetuximab and S-1 combined with oxaliplatin (SOX) in Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer."	( Clinical evaluation of cetuximab combined with an S-1 and oxaliplatin regimen for Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer. Chen, XB; Hua, YW; Kong, Y; Liu, HX; Ma, EM; Yang, W; Zhang, B; Zhang, YL; Zhang, ZD, 2014)	0.4
"For patients in the experimental group (cetuximab in combination with SOX (Ce-SOX), 30 patients), once-weekly cetuximab (400 mg/m2 at the first infusion then 250 mg/m2 every week) was administered."	( Clinical evaluation of cetuximab combined with an S-1 and oxaliplatin regimen for Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer. Chen, XB; Hua, YW; Kong, Y; Liu, HX; Ma, EM; Yang, W; Zhang, B; Zhang, YL; Zhang, ZD, 2014)	0.4
"These findings suggest that the cetuximab combined with SOX regimen is feasible and shows promising efficacy with tolerable adverse effects in Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer."	( Clinical evaluation of cetuximab combined with an S-1 and oxaliplatin regimen for Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer. Chen, XB; Hua, YW; Kong, Y; Liu, HX; Ma, EM; Yang, W; Zhang, B; Zhang, YL; Zhang, ZD, 2014)	0.4
"The purpose of this phase I study of the dose escalation of oxaliplatin in combination with oral S-1 and pelvic radiation preoperatively for poor-risk lower rectal cancer was to determine the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and recommended dose of oxaliplatin."	( A phase I trial of preoperative S-1 in combination with oxaliplatin and pelvic radiation for lower rectal cancer with T4 and lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis. Fujita, S; Hamaguchi, T; Ito, Y; Kinugasa, Y; Moriya, Y; Noura, S; Ohue, M; Saito, N; Sakai, D; Shimada, Y, 2015)	0.42
"This phase I trial of preoperative S-1 in combination with oxaliplatin and radiation for lower rectal cancer with T4 and lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis revealed that the recommended dose of oxaliplatin was 60 mg/m(2) weekly."	( A phase I trial of preoperative S-1 in combination with oxaliplatin and pelvic radiation for lower rectal cancer with T4 and lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis. Fujita, S; Hamaguchi, T; Ito, Y; Kinugasa, Y; Moriya, Y; Noura, S; Ohue, M; Saito, N; Sakai, D; Shimada, Y, 2015)	0.42
"In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 as monotherapy or in combination with leucovorin as the second-line treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer whose disease had progressed on gemcitabine treatment."	( S-1 as monotherapy or in combination with leucovorin as second-line treatment in gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer: a randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase II study. Ba, Y; Bai, Y; Ge, F; Jia, R; Li, F; Lin, L; Wang, Y; Xu, H; Xu, J; Xu, N; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.4
" Patients randomly received S-1 or S-1 in combination with leucovorin (SL arm) in 21-day cycles."	( S-1 as monotherapy or in combination with leucovorin as second-line treatment in gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer: a randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase II study. Ba, Y; Bai, Y; Ge, F; Jia, R; Li, F; Lin, L; Wang, Y; Xu, H; Xu, J; Xu, N; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.4
"5-Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is considered to be a radiosensitizer; however, conventional short-course radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is generally thought to not be feasible because of the prevalence of side effects."	( Feasibility of modified short-course radiotherapy combined with a chemoradiosensitizer for T3 rectal cancer. Beppu, N; Doi, H; Kakuno, A; Kamikonya, N; Matsubara, N; Tomita, N; Yamanaka, N; Yanagi, H, 2015)	0.42
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of modified short-course radiotherapy combined with a chemoradiosensitizer for T3 rectal cancer."	( Feasibility of modified short-course radiotherapy combined with a chemoradiosensitizer for T3 rectal cancer. Beppu, N; Doi, H; Kakuno, A; Kamikonya, N; Matsubara, N; Tomita, N; Yamanaka, N; Yanagi, H, 2015)	0.42
"Modified short-course radiotherapy combined with chemoradiosensitizer is a feasible approach for treating T3 rectal cancer."	( Feasibility of modified short-course radiotherapy combined with a chemoradiosensitizer for T3 rectal cancer. Beppu, N; Doi, H; Kakuno, A; Kamikonya, N; Matsubara, N; Tomita, N; Yamanaka, N; Yanagi, H, 2015)	0.42
"We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of S-1 combined with cisplatin (SC) over cisplatin alone (C) for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer in China."	( S-1 combined with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer: a pilot randomized-controlled trial. Gao, C; Li, X; Liu, D; Sun, L; Tong, J; Wu, D; Yang, D; Zhang, Q; Zheng, H, 2015)	0.42
"The use of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the HER2 protein, in combination with 5-fluorouracil/platinum-based chemotherapy improves survival in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer."	( Phase II study of trastuzumab in combination with S-1 and cisplatin in the first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Choo, SP; Chua, C; Iwasa, S; Lim, HY; Ng, M; Ong, WS; Rha, SY; Tai, DW; Tan, IB; Tham, CK; Yamada, Y; Yong, WP, 2015)	0.42
" We aimed to assess the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetics and clinical activity of S-1 combined with sorafenib in patients with mRCC."	( Phase I/II study of S-1 in combination with sorafenib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Akaza, H; Eto, M; Fujisawa, M; Hashine, K; Naito, S; Ozono, S; Sakai, H; Shinohara, N; Tomita, Y, 2015)	0.42
" S-1 was administered orally at 60, 80, 100 or 120 mg/day on days 1-28 of a 42-day cycle in combination with sorafenib (400 or 800 mg/day), given daily with dose adjustment."	( Phase I/II study of S-1 in combination with sorafenib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Akaza, H; Eto, M; Fujisawa, M; Hashine, K; Naito, S; Ozono, S; Sakai, H; Shinohara, N; Tomita, Y, 2015)	0.42
"To evaluate the safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer."	( [Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer]. He, P; Jiang, Y; Yang, K; Zheng, L; Zhong, H, 2015)	0.42
"Gemcitabine combined with S-1 is effective and safe in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, with less side effects, and can be tolerated by the patients."	( [Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer]. He, P; Jiang, Y; Yang, K; Zheng, L; Zhong, H, 2015)	0.42
"This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of S-l combined with cisplatin plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (SCCC) versus cisplatin plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCC) for Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC)."	( S-l combined with cisplatin plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus cisplatin plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer: a multi-centre randomized controlled trial. Chen, X; Li, W; Liu, S; Liu, Y; Ma, R; Sun, L, 2016)	0.43
" The CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) procedure was performed on the liver metastasis using degradable starch microspheres (DSM)."	( [Liver Metastasis in a Gastric Cancer Patient--A Case of Successful Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Degradable Starch Microspheres Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization]. Dono, K; Hatano, H; Hirabuki, N; Hirota, M; Imamura, H; Nakata, S; Noda, T; Oh, RJ; Ohara, N; Ohira, R; Yakushiji, H; Yasumoto, T, 2015)	0.42
" Pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with hepatic artery resection was performed, and an end-to-end anastomosis was made between the common and proper hepatic artery to reconstruct the hepatic artery."	( [A Case of Pancreatic Head Cancer Treated with Pancreaticoduodenectomy Combined with Hepatic Artery Resection Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy]. Furukawa, K; Kagawa, S; Kato, A; Kuboki, S; Maeda, S; Miyazaki, M; Ohtsuka, M; Sakai, N; Shimizu, H; Suzuki, D; Takano, S; Takayashiki, T; Yoshitomi, H, 2015)	0.42
" When WF is combined with S-1, the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) and dose adjustment of WF should be closely monitored."	( [Evaluation of Drug Interaction between S-1 and Warfarin]. Fuse, N; Ikegawa, K; Nomura, H; Saito, S; Suzuki, S; Yamamoto, K, 2016)	0.43
"We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 5-weekly S-1 and cisplatin combined with trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (AGC)."	( A phase II prospective study of the trastuzumab combined with 5-weekly S-1 and CDDP therapy for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Adachi, K; Hirano, A; Hirata, Y; Joh, T; Kataoka, H; Kawai, T; Kitagawa, M; Mizuno, Y; Mizushima, T; Mochizuki, H; Mori, Y; Nakamura, M; Natsume, M; Nishie, H; Sano, H; Seno, K; Shimura, T; Sobue, S; Tsuchida, K, 2016)	0.43
"Five-weekly S-1 and cisplatin combined with trastuzumab showed effective with favorable safety profile in patients with HER2-positive AGC."	( A phase II prospective study of the trastuzumab combined with 5-weekly S-1 and CDDP therapy for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Adachi, K; Hirano, A; Hirata, Y; Joh, T; Kataoka, H; Kawai, T; Kitagawa, M; Mizuno, Y; Mizushima, T; Mochizuki, H; Mori, Y; Nakamura, M; Natsume, M; Nishie, H; Sano, H; Seno, K; Shimura, T; Sobue, S; Tsuchida, K, 2016)	0.43
"To observe the short-term efficacy and safety of S-1 combined with cisplatin (DDP) chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC)."	( S-1 combined with cisplatin chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Lijun, X; Weidong, C, 2016)	0.43
" Of these patients, 31 (experimental group) underwent S-1 combined with DDP chemotherapy and 35 received oxaliplatin combined with tegafur and calcium folinate chemotherapy regimen (control group)."	( S-1 combined with cisplatin chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Lijun, X; Weidong, C, 2016)	0.43
" This study evaluated the efficacy of intensity modulated radiotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and S-1 as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) for borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement (BR-A)."	( A phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with gemcitabine and S-1 for borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement. Hijikata, Y; Hosokawa, Y; Kasuya, K; Katsumata, K; Nagakawa, Y; Nakajima, T; Nakayama, H; Sahara, Y; Takishita, C; Tokuuye, K; Tsuchida, A, 2017)	0.46
" However, its efficacy and safety when combined with trastuzumab therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced GC/EGJC remains unclear."	( Five-weekly S-1 plus cisplatin therapy combined with trastuzumab therapy in HER2-positive gastric cancer: a phase II trial and biomarker study (WJOG7212G). Boku, N; Hironaka, S; Hyodo, I; Ito, M; Kimura, Y; Miura, Y; Miyata, Y; Mori, M; Moriwaki, T; Musha, N; Negoro, Y; Nishikawa, K; Nosho, K; Okuda, H; Sakamoto, T; Shinozaki, H; Shinozaki, K; Shirakawa, T; Sugimoto, N; Sukawa, Y; Takano, T; Taku, K; Tokunaga, S; Tsuda, T; Uchino, K; Yonesaka, K; Yoshimura, K; Yoshiyama, H, 2018)	0.48
"Five-weekly SP therapy combined with trastuzumab therapy showed a good antitumor response and acceptable toxicity in HER2-positive advanced GC/EGJC."	( Five-weekly S-1 plus cisplatin therapy combined with trastuzumab therapy in HER2-positive gastric cancer: a phase II trial and biomarker study (WJOG7212G). Boku, N; Hironaka, S; Hyodo, I; Ito, M; Kimura, Y; Miura, Y; Miyata, Y; Mori, M; Moriwaki, T; Musha, N; Negoro, Y; Nishikawa, K; Nosho, K; Okuda, H; Sakamoto, T; Shinozaki, H; Shinozaki, K; Shirakawa, T; Sugimoto, N; Sukawa, Y; Takano, T; Taku, K; Tokunaga, S; Tsuda, T; Uchino, K; Yonesaka, K; Yoshimura, K; Yoshiyama, H, 2018)	0.48
"We evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and tumor response of ramucirumab in combination with one of three platinum/fluoropyrimidine regimens in Japanese patients with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer."	( Safety, pharmacokinetic, and clinical activity profiles of ramucirumab in combination with three platinum/fluoropyrimidine doublets in Japanese patients with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer. Gritli, I; Inoue, K; Kadowaki, S; Muro, K; Nishina, T; Ozeki, A; Piao, Y; Sakai, D; Shitara, K; Yoshikawa, R, 2018)	0.48
"Ramucirumab 8 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks in combination with XP, SP, or SOX was generally well tolerated and demonstrated preliminary anti-tumor activity in chemotherapy-naïve Japanese metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer patients."	( Safety, pharmacokinetic, and clinical activity profiles of ramucirumab in combination with three platinum/fluoropyrimidine doublets in Japanese patients with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer. Gritli, I; Inoue, K; Kadowaki, S; Muro, K; Nishina, T; Ozeki, A; Piao, Y; Sakai, D; Shitara, K; Yoshikawa, R, 2018)	0.48
"Trastuzumab when combined with fluoropyrimidine and cisplatin was proven to improve survival in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer (GC) in the ToGA study."	( A multi-institution phase II study of docetaxel and S-1 in combination with trastuzumab for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (DASH study). Fujiwara, T; Hamano, R; Kagawa, S; Kambara, T; Kikuchi, S; Kishimoto, H; Kuroda, S; Kuwada, K; Muraoka, A; Nakayama, H; Nishizaki, M; Noma, K; Shigeyasu, K; Shirakawa, Y; Tanaka, N; Tanakaya, K, 2018)	0.48
"Trastuzumab in combination with docetaxel and S-1 showed effective antitumor activity and manageable toxicities as first-line treatment for patients with HER2-positive GC."	( A multi-institution phase II study of docetaxel and S-1 in combination with trastuzumab for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (DASH study). Fujiwara, T; Hamano, R; Kagawa, S; Kambara, T; Kikuchi, S; Kishimoto, H; Kuroda, S; Kuwada, K; Muraoka, A; Nakayama, H; Nishizaki, M; Noma, K; Shigeyasu, K; Shirakawa, Y; Tanaka, N; Tanakaya, K, 2018)	0.48
"To investigate the predictive value of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) expression in patients with PDAC treated with adjuvant gemcitabine in combination with S-1 (adjuvant GS) or adjuvant gemcitabine alone (adjuvant G alone)."	( The high stromal SPARC expression is independently associated with poor survival of patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant gemcitabine in combination with S-1 or adjuvant gemcitabine alone. Kondo, N; Murakami, Y; Nakagawa, N; Okano, K; Shintakuya, R; Sueda, T; Takahashi, S; Uemura, K, 2018)	0.48
" The patient received gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSRS) combined with S-1 treatment."	( Successful gamma knife radiosurgery combined with S-1 in an elderly man with local recurrent pancreatic cancer: A case report. Dong, X; Du, F; Tang, S; Wei, H; Wei, J, 2017)	0.46
" GKSRS combined with S-1 seems to be a good option in improving efficacy and prolonging life in elderly patients with locally recurrent pancreatic cancer."	( Successful gamma knife radiosurgery combined with S-1 in an elderly man with local recurrent pancreatic cancer: A case report. Dong, X; Du, F; Tang, S; Wei, H; Wei, J, 2017)	0.46
" However, radiotherapy combined with 5-FU/cisplatin often delivers severe toxicity to patients."	( Effects of S-1 combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Liu, F; Song, Y; Wang, W; Xing, D, 2018)	0.48
"Our study will draw an objective conclusion of the effects of S-1 combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of unresectable esophageal cancer and provide level I evidence for clinical decision makings."	( Effects of S-1 combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Liu, F; Song, Y; Wang, W; Xing, D, 2018)	0.48
" We examined the safety of WT1-peptide pulsed dendritic cell (WT1-DC) vaccine in combination with chemotherapy in patients with surgically resected pancreatic cancer."	( WT1-pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine Combined with Chemotherapy for Resected Pancreatic Cancer in a Phase I Study. Kobayashi, M; Koido, S; Koizumi, T; Koya, T; Nagai, K; Okamoto, M; Sano, K; Shimodaira, S; Sugiyama, H; Yanagisawa, R, 2018)	0.48
"Eight patients with resectable pancreatic cancer undergoing surgery either combined with S-1 or S-1 plus gemcitabine therapy were enrolled."	( WT1-pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine Combined with Chemotherapy for Resected Pancreatic Cancer in a Phase I Study. Kobayashi, M; Koido, S; Koizumi, T; Koya, T; Nagai, K; Okamoto, M; Sano, K; Shimodaira, S; Sugiyama, H; Yanagisawa, R, 2018)	0.48
" We performed a phase I study of resminostat combined with S-1 as second-line or later therapy in Japanese patients with biliary tract or pancreatic cancer."	( Phase I study of resminostat, an HDAC inhibitor, combined with S-1 in patients with pre-treated biliary tract or pancreatic cancer. Hara, R; Hashimoto, Y; Ikeda, M; Kobayashi, S; Kondo, S; Mitsunaga, S; Morizane, C; Nakamura, O; Ohno, I; Okusaka, T; Sakamoto, Y; Sasaki, M; Takahashi, H; Ueno, H, 2019)	0.51
"DC-CIK combined with S-1 plus cisplatin provided a favorable PFS and OS in patients with AGC and the combination therapy was safe with tolerable toxicities."	( Autologous Dendritic Cell-Cytokine Induced Killer Cell Immunotherapy Combined with S-1 Plus Cisplatin in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Study. Hobeika, A; Lyerly, HK; Morse, MA; Qiao, G; Ren, J; Song, J; Song, Y; Wang, S; Wang, X; Xia, X; Yi, X; Zhao, L; Zhou, L; Zhou, X, 2019)	0.51
" Thus, our study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of Endostar continuous intravenous infusion combined with S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) chemotherapy in treating such patients."	( Endostar continuous intravenous infusion combined with S-1 and oxaliplatin chemotherapy could be effective in treating liver metastasis from gastric cancer. Guo, X; Li, Y; Sui, Y; Tan, X; Wang, M; Yang, H, 2018)	0.48
" The experimental group (n = 30) was treated with Endostar continuous intravenous infusion combined with SOX regimen chemotherapy, and the control group (n = 30) received SOX regimen chemotherapy alone."	( Endostar continuous intravenous infusion combined with S-1 and oxaliplatin chemotherapy could be effective in treating liver metastasis from gastric cancer. Guo, X; Li, Y; Sui, Y; Tan, X; Wang, M; Yang, H, 2018)	0.48
"Continuous infusion of Endostar combined with SOX chemotherapy could be recommended for the treatment of liver metastasis from gastric cancer due to its high effective rate, and Endostar did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions."	( Endostar continuous intravenous infusion combined with S-1 and oxaliplatin chemotherapy could be effective in treating liver metastasis from gastric cancer. Guo, X; Li, Y; Sui, Y; Tan, X; Wang, M; Yang, H, 2018)	0.48
" In part 1 (phase II) of ATTRACTION-4, the safety and efficacy of nivolumab combined with S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) or capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CapeOX) as first-line therapy for unresectable advanced or recurrent human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative G/GEJ cancer were evaluated."	( Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with S-1/capecitabine plus oxaliplatin in patients with previously untreated, unresectable, advanced, or recurrent gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer: interim results of a randomized, phase II trial (A Azuma, M; Boku, N; Chen, LT; Cho, H; Chung, HC; Fumita, S; Hara, H; Kang, WK; Kang, YK; Kato, K; Komatsu, Y; Lee, KW; Minashi, K; Ryu, MH; Tsuda, M; Yamaguchi, K, 2019)	0.51
"Nivolumab combined with SOX/CapeOX was well tolerated and demonstrated encouraging efficacy for unresectable advanced or recurrent HER2-negative G/GEJ cancer."	( Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with S-1/capecitabine plus oxaliplatin in patients with previously untreated, unresectable, advanced, or recurrent gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer: interim results of a randomized, phase II trial (A Azuma, M; Boku, N; Chen, LT; Cho, H; Chung, HC; Fumita, S; Hara, H; Kang, WK; Kang, YK; Kato, K; Komatsu, Y; Lee, KW; Minashi, K; Ryu, MH; Tsuda, M; Yamaguchi, K, 2019)	0.51
" We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of S-1 combined with paclitaxel (PTX) for AGC by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published studies."	( S-1 combined with paclitaxel may benefit advanced gastric cancer: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bian, NN; Min, GT; Wang, YH, 2019)	0.51
"All published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of S-1 combined with PTX for AGC were searched."	( S-1 combined with paclitaxel may benefit advanced gastric cancer: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bian, NN; Min, GT; Wang, YH, 2019)	0.51
" S-1 combined with PTX significantly improved the OS [HR = 0."	( S-1 combined with paclitaxel may benefit advanced gastric cancer: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bian, NN; Min, GT; Wang, YH, 2019)	0.51
"S-1 combined with PTX may be a good choice for patients with AGC."	( S-1 combined with paclitaxel may benefit advanced gastric cancer: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bian, NN; Min, GT; Wang, YH, 2019)	0.51
" A total of 185 patients with inoperable or metastatic pancreatic cancer who were refractory or intolerant to standard primary chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel will be allocated to secondary treatment either with placebo in combination with S-1 (the control group) or TLP0-001 in combination with S-1 (the investigational product group)."	( A double-blind randomized comparative clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dendritic cell vaccine loaded with WT1 peptides (TLP0-001) in combination with S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer refractory to standard chemotherapy. Adachi, T; Akahori, T; Asahara, S; Endo, I; Fujii, T; Furukawa, M; Hakamada, K; Hara, K; Ioka, T; Katanuma, A; Katsuda, M; Kitano, M; Miyazawa, M; Nagano, H; Ohira, M; Ojima, T; Satoi, S; Sudo, K; Ueno, M; Yamada, S; Yamaue, H, 2019)	0.51
"S-1 plus cisplatin in combination with bevacizumab met the primary endpoint in patients with advanced NSq-NSCLC."	( Phase II trial of S-1 plus cisplatin combined with bevacizumab for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (TCOG LC-1202). Aono, H; Fujimoto, S; Gemma, A; Hosomi, Y; Isobe, H; Kubota, K; Minato, K; Miyanaga, A; Okamoto, H; Okuma, Y; Satouchi, M; Takiguchi, Y, 2019)	0.51
" Recently, superiority of IP administration of paclitaxel (PTX) combined with S-1 and intravenous PTX over conventional systemic chemotherapy was suggested in a phase III study, although the difference in overall survival did not reach statistical significance in the primary analysis."	( Phase I Study of Intraperitoneal Administration of Paclitaxel Combined with S-1 Plus Cisplatin for Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis. Ishigami, H; Kanda, M; Kitayama, J; Kobayashi, D; Kodera, Y; Tanaka, C; Yamaguchi, H, 2020)	0.56
"The present study determined the dose for further clinical trials of IP PTX to be 20 mg/m2, when combined with the 5-weekly SP regimen."	( Phase I Study of Intraperitoneal Administration of Paclitaxel Combined with S-1 Plus Cisplatin for Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis. Ishigami, H; Kanda, M; Kitayama, J; Kobayashi, D; Kodera, Y; Tanaka, C; Yamaguchi, H, 2020)	0.56
" Objectives To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced ESCC patients after first-line chemotherapy failure."	( Clinical efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with S-1 in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Lei, J; Song, X; Wang, Y; Yu, J; Zhang, C; Zhang, N; Zhang, S; Zhao, J, 2020)	0.56
"The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with S-1 as the third-line treatment for patients with stage IV NSCLC."	( Anlotinib Combined with S-1 in the Third-Line Treatment of Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Study Protocol for Phase II Clinical Trial. Du, X; Geng, L; Wen, Y; Xiang, M; Yang, X, 2019)	0.51
"The expected outcome of this study is that anlotinib combined with S-1 has tolerable toxicity and better ORR than anlotinibmonotherapy."	( Anlotinib Combined with S-1 in the Third-Line Treatment of Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Study Protocol for Phase II Clinical Trial. Du, X; Geng, L; Wen, Y; Xiang, M; Yang, X, 2019)	0.51
"The KEYNOTE-659 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment in Japanese patients with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer."	( Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab in combination with S-1 plus oxaliplatin as a first-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer: Cohort 1 data from the KEYNOTE-659 phase IIb study. Amagai, K; Azuma, M; Baba, H; Esaki, T; Han, SR; Hara, H; Hosaka, H; Kawakami, H; Kawazoe, A; Komatsu, Y; Machida, N; Negoro, Y; Nishina, T; Omuro, Y; Oshima, T; Shiratori, S; Shitara, K; Tsuda, M; Yamaguchi, K; Yasui, H; Yoshida, K, 2020)	0.56
"The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety and feasibility of low-dose apatinib combined with S-1 as a second-line therapy or beyond in Chinese patients with pulmonary and/or hepatic metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)."	( Safety and Feasibility of Low-Dose Apatinib Combined with S-1 as the Second-Line Therapy or Beyond in Chinese Patients with Pulmonary and Hepatic Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Chen, J; Huang, X; Lin, J; Wu, G; Zhang, S; Zhou, L, 2020)	0.56
" We designed the study of XSLJZD combined with S-1 in the maintenance therapy of Stage III or IV GC and CRC, and hoped that this research program will go further and comprehensively evaluate its efficacy and safety."	( Clinical study of XiangShaLiuJunZi decoction combined with S-1 as maintenance therapy for stage III or IV gastric carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma. Hong, XC; Hu, KH; Liang, QL; Luo, XB; Ou, WT; Yang, HX; Zhang, HJ, 2020)	0.56
"The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of XSLJZD combined with S-1 in the maintenance therapy of stage III or IV GC and CRC."	( Clinical study of XiangShaLiuJunZi decoction combined with S-1 as maintenance therapy for stage III or IV gastric carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma. Hong, XC; Hu, KH; Liang, QL; Luo, XB; Ou, WT; Yang, HX; Zhang, HJ, 2020)	0.56
" Patients with stage III or stage IV GC and CRC will be randomized (1:1) into S-1group, S-1 combined with XSLJZD group for 5 years of maintenance therapy."	( Clinical study of XiangShaLiuJunZi decoction combined with S-1 as maintenance therapy for stage III or IV gastric carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma. Hong, XC; Hu, KH; Liang, QL; Luo, XB; Ou, WT; Yang, HX; Zhang, HJ, 2020)	0.56
"To explore the efficacy and safety of apatinib (an anti-angiogenic drug) combined with S-1 (a fluorouracil drug) in the third-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer, and to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis."	( Efficacy and prognosis analyses of apatinib combined with S-1 in third-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Fu, Y; Wen, W; Wu, Q; Xi, T; Zhao, G, )	0.13
"Patients with advanced gastric cancer achieve relatively satisfactory short-term therapeutic effects after treatment with apatinib combined with S-1 in the third-line therapy, whose PFS is notably better than those treated with S-1 alone, and they are tolerant to adverse reactions."	( Efficacy and prognosis analyses of apatinib combined with S-1 in third-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Fu, Y; Wen, W; Wu, Q; Xi, T; Zhao, G, )	0.13
"This is a phase 2 study aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of TAS-114, a novel deoxyuridine triphosphatase inhibitor, combined with S-1 in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC)."	( A multicenter phase II study of TAS-114 in combination with S-1 in patients with pretreated advanced gastric cancer (EPOC1604). Fukutani, M; Hirano, N; Ikeno, T; Kambe, M; Kawazoe, A; Keisho, C; Nakamura, Y; Nomura, S; Saito, Y; Sato, A; Shitara, K; Takahari, D; Tamura, H; Wakabayashi, M, 2021)	0.62
" Herein, we report a pretreated patient with advanced squamous cell lung cancer, who received low-dose of apatinib combined with S-1 as salvage treatment, with good long-term response."	( Long-term response with low-dose of apatinib combined with S-1 in pretreated patient with advanced squamous cell lung cancer: A case report. Chen, J; Wang, J; Zou, Y, 2021)	0.62
" After progression again, she received low-dose apatinib combined with S-1 as third line treatment."	( Long-term response with low-dose of apatinib combined with S-1 in pretreated patient with advanced squamous cell lung cancer: A case report. Chen, J; Wang, J; Zou, Y, 2021)	0.62
"This case indicated that low-dose apatinib combined with S-1 might be effective and safe in selected pretreated patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer."	( Long-term response with low-dose of apatinib combined with S-1 in pretreated patient with advanced squamous cell lung cancer: A case report. Chen, J; Wang, J; Zou, Y, 2021)	0.62
" We performed this retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with S-1/capecitabine as the oral maintenance therapy for these patients."	( Oral maintenance therapy using apatinib combined with S-1/capecitabine for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with residual disease after definitive chemoradiotherapy. Bai, K; Chen, B; Chi, D; Guo, S; Hu, Y; Li, Q; Ma, H; Zhu, Y, 2021)	0.62
" Patients were treated with apatinib combined with S-1 /capecitabine after dCRT."	( Oral maintenance therapy using apatinib combined with S-1/capecitabine for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with residual disease after definitive chemoradiotherapy. Bai, K; Chen, B; Chi, D; Guo, S; Hu, Y; Li, Q; Ma, H; Zhu, Y, 2021)	0.62
" The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with S-1 as the second-line therapy for AGC patients."	( Apatinib combined with S-1 as second-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer. Chen, M; He, H; Qin, R; Qiu, ZY; Tian, GY; Wang, Y; Xi, Y; Zhang, Z, 2021)	0.62
"We conducted a single-arm phase II trial to investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with oxaliplatin and S-1 in the treatment of unresectable gastric cancer."	( Short-term survival and safety of apatinib combined with oxaliplatin and S-1 in the conversion therapy of unresectable gastric cancer. Chen, L; Chen, S; Lin, Z; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wei, S; Ye, Z; Zeng, Y, 2021)	0.62
"Apatinib combined with oxaliplatin and S-1 showed good short-term survival and acceptable safety in the conversion therapy of unresectable gastric cancer."	( Short-term survival and safety of apatinib combined with oxaliplatin and S-1 in the conversion therapy of unresectable gastric cancer. Chen, L; Chen, S; Lin, Z; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wei, S; Ye, Z; Zeng, Y, 2021)	0.62
"To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of S1 monotherapy or combination with nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of elderly patients with metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma."	( Safety and efficacy of S1 monotherapy or combined with nab-paclitaxel in advanced elderly pancreatic cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Chen, D; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cui, S; Du, J; Gu, J; Lin, Z; Luo, H; Ma, C; Wang, C; Yang, L; Yin, M, 2021)	0.62
"The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of S-1 + oxaliplatin (SOX) chemotherapy regimen combined with trastuzumab and irinotecan + cisplatin (IP) chemotherapy regimen combined with trastuzumab in treating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive advanced gastric cancer."	( Efficacy of trastuzumab combined with SOX or IP chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Fang, X; Li, Q; Wang, L; Xu, D; Zhang, S; Zhang, Z, )	0.13
"A total of 138 patients with HER-2-positive advanced gastric cancer were divided into SOX group (SOX chemotherapy regimen combined with trastuzumab; n=69) and IP group (IP chemotherapy regimen combined with trastuzumab; n=69)."	( Efficacy of trastuzumab combined with SOX or IP chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Fang, X; Li, Q; Wang, L; Xu, D; Zhang, S; Zhang, Z, )	0.13
"Trastuzumab combined with SOX chemotherapy regimen has an obvious curative effect in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, which prominently improves the quality of life of patients, lowers the serum tumor marker levels in patients, delays tumor progression, and results in tolerable adverse reactions."	( Efficacy of trastuzumab combined with SOX or IP chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Fang, X; Li, Q; Wang, L; Xu, D; Zhang, S; Zhang, Z, )	0.13
"This study aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of anlotinib combined with S-1 in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic esophageal cancer patients who refused or were intolerant to intravenous chemotherapy."	( Effect and safety of anlotinib combined with S-1 for recurrent or metastatic esophageal cancer patients who refused or were intolerant to intravenous chemotherapy. Cai, J; Liu, A; Luo, Y; Zhou, S, 2021)	0.62
"To investigate the safety and efficacy of camrelizumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 for the treatment of gastric cancer with serosal invasion."	( Safety and Efficacy of Camrelizumab in Combination With Nab-Paclitaxel Plus S-1 for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer With Serosal Invasion. Chen, QY; Huang, CM; Li, P; Lin, JL; Lin, JP; Lin, JX; Lu, J; Wang, JB; Xie, JW; Zheng, CH, 2021)	0.62
"Camrelizumab combined with nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 could significantly improve the rate of tumor regression grade (TRG 1a/1b) and the rate of pCR in gastric cancer with serosal invasion."	( Safety and Efficacy of Camrelizumab in Combination With Nab-Paclitaxel Plus S-1 for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer With Serosal Invasion. Chen, QY; Huang, CM; Li, P; Lin, JL; Lin, JP; Lin, JX; Lu, J; Wang, JB; Xie, JW; Zheng, CH, 2021)	0.62

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" To increase the bioavailability of S-1, the administration of S-1 under fasting condition was more effective in the western countries."	( Effect of food and a proton pump inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics of S-1 following oral administration of S-1 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Hilger, RA; Mende, B; Saito, K; Scheulen, ME; Strumberg, D; Zergebel, C, 2012)	0.38

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" In the CDHP and Oxo treatment groups of rats, the only toxic signs were soft or diarrheal stools on the dosing day."	( [Oral single-dose toxicity study of a new antineoplastic agent S-1, and its components, CDHP, and Oxo]. Hayashi, T; Hirota, T; Irimura, K; Ohmae, S; Tanaka, G, 1996)	0.29
" This variability makes effective dosing of 5-FU and related drugs difficult."	( Oral DPD-inhibitory fluoropyrimidine drugs. Diasio, RB, 2000)	0.31
"We present the case of a 72-year-old man with gastric tube cancer accompanied by multiple liver metastases, after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, whose quality of life (QOL) was improved with a small dosage of TS-1."	( [A patient with advanced gastric cancer in the gastric tube whose QOL was improved by TS-1]. Ajisaka, H; Fujita, H; Inokuchi, M; Iwata, K; Kaji, M; Konishi, K; Maeda, K; Miwa, A; Yabushita, K; Yamamoto, S; Yoshioka, I, 2002)	0.31
" These findings demonstrate that administration of S-1 to patients with impaired renal function may need individualized dosing and pharmacokinetic monitoring."	( Pharmacokinetic study of S-1, a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor agent in animal model and in patients with impaired renal function. Furukawa, H; Ikeda, M; Imamura, H; Ishida, H; Kawasaki, T; Masutani, S; Satomi, T; Shimizu, J; Tatsuta, M, 2002)	0.31
" Pharmacodynamic analyses suggest that the utility of pharmacology-based dosing of S-1 should be explored in future trials."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of once daily oral administration of S-1 in patients with advanced cancer. Beard, M; Cohen, SJ; Damle, B; DeCillis, AP; Leichman, CG; Letrent, SP; Meropol, NJ; Proefrock, A; Roedig, B; Yeslow, G, 2002)	0.31
" Taking into consideration the post-marketing survey finding that adverse reactions to the drug first appear 2-3 weeks after the start of oral TS-1 therapy, we attempted a new dosing regimen for this drug, wherein each session of therapy lasted for 2 weeks, with a one-week interval between two consecutive sessions (herein-after called "the 2-week regimen")."	( [A new regimen for TS-1 therapy designed to minimize adverse reactions by introducing a one-week interval after each two-week dosing session]. Hayashi, T; Iijima, S; Kato, T; Kikkawa, N; Kimura, Y; Kurokawa, E; Naoi, Y; Tanigawa, T; Yamamoto, H, 2002)	0.31
" Beginning on August 9, 1999, TS-1 was administered in a dosage of 50 mg bid, but it was later learned that the patient had ingested only half of that TS-1 dosage (i."	( [A case of residual gastric cancer accompanied by esophageal invasion in which residual lesions were eradicated by half-dose administration of TS-1]. Abe, S; Kitago, M; Kojima, M; Kurihara, H; Ogihara, T; Sasanuma, H; Tamura, H; Wada, M, 2002)	0.31
" The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical toxicities, antitumor effect, survival duration, and a recommended dosage schedule in combination with TS-1 and CDDP."	( [A pilot study of TS-1 combined with cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer]. Ina, K; Indo, T; Iwase, H; Iyo, T; Kaida, S; Kusugami, K; Mizuno, T; Nakamura, M; Nakarai, K; Okeya, M; Shimada, M, 2002)	0.31
" With these findings in mind, we recently devised a new dosing regimen for the drug, by which the drug is administered for 2-week periods separated by 1-week drug-free intervals (the 2-week regimen)."	( A new regimen for S-1 therapy aiming at adverse reaction mitigation and prolonged medication by introducing a 1-week drug-free interval after each 2-week dosing session: efficacy and feasibility in clinical practice. Hayashi, T; Iijima, S; Kato, T; Kikkawa, N; Kimura, Y; Kurokawa, E; Naoi, Y; Tanigawa, T; Yamamoto, H, 2003)	0.32
" The percentage of patients who received the drug for 6 months in complete compliance with the dosing schedule, as calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was 85% in the 2-week-regimen group and 40% in the 4-week-regimen group."	( A new regimen for S-1 therapy aiming at adverse reaction mitigation and prolonged medication by introducing a 1-week drug-free interval after each 2-week dosing session: efficacy and feasibility in clinical practice. Hayashi, T; Iijima, S; Kato, T; Kikkawa, N; Kimura, Y; Kurokawa, E; Naoi, Y; Tanigawa, T; Yamamoto, H, 2003)	0.32
" TS-1 was administered with the usual dosage and dose regimen."	( [A clinical results of TS-1 in advanced and recurrent gastric cancer in our hospital]. Abe, S; Kitago, M; Kobayashi, T; Kojima, M; Kurihara, H; Nakamura, T; Ogihara, T; Tamura, H, 2003)	0.32
" After 7 days of treatment, grade 3 anorexia appeared, so the dosage of TS-1 was reduced to 25 mg/day."	( [A case of Barrett's esophageal carcinoma successfully treated with TS-1 in an elderly patient]. Hasegawa, S; Hattori, H; Imazu, H; Komori, Y; Masui, T; Matsubara, T; Nagai, K; Nakamura, Y; Ochiai, M; Sakurai, Y; Syoji, M; Tonomura, S; Uyama, I; Yoshida, I, 2004)	0.32
"The methods consisted of analysis of background factors, assessment of the administration and dosage of TS-1, and associations with adverse reactions."	( [Examination of the feasibility of TS-1 for postoperative advance stomach cancer patients]. Hara, A; Iwamoto, S; Izumi, N; Satake, K; Takahashi, Y; Tokuhara, T, 2004)	0.32
" The dosage regimen was 4 weeks on and 2 weeks off in 10 cases, and different regimens were used in the other 10 cases."	( [Examination of the feasibility of TS-1 for postoperative advance stomach cancer patients]. Hara, A; Iwamoto, S; Izumi, N; Satake, K; Takahashi, Y; Tokuhara, T, 2004)	0.32
" The alternate-day dosage of pyrimidine fluoride anticancer drugs could reduce their adverse effects without compromising their effects."	( Alternate-day oral therapy with TS-1 for advanced gastric cancer. Arai, W; Hirashima, Y; Hosoya, Y; Hyodo, M; Nagai, H; Shirasaka, T; Yasuda, Y; Yokoyama, T, 2004)	0.32
"We observed patients for clinical effects and adverse effects under alternate-day dosage of TS-1, and determined blood 5-fluorouracil (FU) levels."	( Alternate-day oral therapy with TS-1 for advanced gastric cancer. Arai, W; Hirashima, Y; Hosoya, Y; Hyodo, M; Nagai, H; Shirasaka, T; Yasuda, Y; Yokoyama, T, 2004)	0.32
"In 72 (78%) of 92 patients, the TS-1 regimen was converted to the alternate-day dosage because of adverse effects."	( Alternate-day oral therapy with TS-1 for advanced gastric cancer. Arai, W; Hirashima, Y; Hosoya, Y; Hyodo, M; Nagai, H; Shirasaka, T; Yasuda, Y; Yokoyama, T, 2004)	0.32
" The alternate-day dosage of pyrimidine fluoride anticancer drugs could reduce their adverse effects without compromising their effects."	( Alternate-day oral therapy with TS-1 for advanced gastric cancer. Arai, W; Hirashima, Y; Hosoya, Y; Hyodo, M; Nagai, H; Shirasaka, T; Yasuda, Y; Yokoyama, T, 2004)	0.32
" The first group was given tailored CPT-11, adjusting individual optimal dosage using toxicity-based grading as an index in combination with TS-1, and the second group was given standard TS-1 treatment."	( [A randomized phase II clinical trial of tailored CPT-11 + TS-1 vs TS-1 in patients with advanced or recurrent gastric carcinoma as the first-line chemotherapy (JFMC31-0301)]. Kitajima, M; Kubota, T; Mai, M; Saji, S; Sakamoto, J; Takahashi, Y; Takeuchi, T; Toge, T, 2004)	0.32
" After that TS-1 was administered on a 4-week dosing regimen with a 2-week interval between sessions."	( [A case of advanced gastric cancer with paraaortic lymph node metastasis reaching long-term survival by TS-1 treatment]. Ishii, Y; Suzuki, K; Takahashi, M; Yoshida, S, 2005)	0.33
" Because salvage therapy with S-1 alone showed good antitumor efficacy and beneficial tolerability when the standard dosage was maintained, it was considered that this home therapy was effective for advanced/recurrent breast cancer that was resistant to anthracycline and taxane antitumor drugs."	( [Effective salvage chemotherapy with S-1 alone in a patient with lung metastasis of breast cancer]. Itoh, K; Minami, H, 2005)	0.33
" To design an effective chemotherapy regimen for elderly patients, it is important to establish an effective dose and dosing method based on the patient's chronologic age and a thorough evaluation of the patient's systemic conditions, including the PS level."	( [Case study--an elderly patient with Stage IV advanced gastric cancer achieved good performance status (PS) without subjective symptoms for more than two years by chemotherapy]. Aita, K; Goto, T; Matsubara, T; Nemoto, H; Sanada, Y; Sasaya, S; Shirahata, A; Yoshizawa, Y, 2006)	0.33
"In a 14-day dosing schedule, the MTD of S-1 was 30 mg/m2 and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity was seen in a North American population with refractory upper gastrointestinal malignancies."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of S-1 administered for 14 days in a 21-day cycle in patients with advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer. Anbe, H; Clark, JW; Earle, CC; Enzinger, PC; Fuchs, CS; Houghton, M; Kulke, MH; Meyerhardt, JA; Regan, E; Ryan, DP; Urrea, P; Zhang, J; Zhu, AX, 2007)	0.34
" As a single agent, S-1 showed higher antitumor activity with its low intestinal toxicity compared to continuous venous infusion 5-FU, the most effective dosing method of 5-FU, and/or to clinically available oral fluoropyrimidines such as UFT, doxyfluridine and capecitabine on various murine tumors and human tumor xenografts."	( [Antitumor activity and function of S-1, a new oral tegafur-based formulation]. Fukushima, M, 2006)	0.33
"We developed a combination chemotherapy, comprising weekly dosing of iv cisplatin (days 1 and 8) combined with a fixed dose (70 mg/m2/day) of S-1 (days 1-14) for patients with metastatic gastric cancer."	( [S-1 combined with weekly dosing of cisplatin for metastatic gastric cancer]. Hyodo, I, 2006)	0.33
" Furthermore, weekly paclitaxel was found to have a better toxicity profile and to be as effective as an equivalently dosed conventional schedule of delivery every 3 weeks."	( [S-1 combined with weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer]. Gotoh, M; Kawabe, S; Takiuchi, H, 2006)	0.33
" Based on the results of our previous phase I/II study in patients with gastric cancer, the dosage was established in consideration of safety for outpatient therapy."	( [Irinotecan plus oral S-1 in patients with advanced colorectal cancer--biweekly IRIS regimen]. Asaka, M; Komatsu, Y; Kudo, M; Tateyama, M; Yuki, S, 2006)	0.33
" We carried out 4-week administration of 80-120 mg/day of TS-1 according to body surface area, followed by a 2-week discontinuation, then repeated administration which adjusting the dosage according to the incidence of side effects, and discussed the antitumor effects and adverse events."	( [Clinical results of single therapy with TS-1 for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer]. Hatori, S; Imada, T; Kunisaki, C; Makino, T; Ohshima, T; Rino, Y; Suda, T; Takanashi, Y; Yamada, R; Yamazaki, Y, 2006)	0.33
" We assumed that the recommended dosage of TXT was 30 mg/m(2) and that of TS-1 was 60 mg/m(2) with radiotherapy of 60 Gy."	( [A phase I/II study of docetaxel/TS-1 with radiation for esophageal cancer patients--step 1]. Higashida, M; Hirabayashi, Y; Hirai, T; Hiratsuka, J; Imajyo, Y; Kawabe, Y; Matsumoto, H; Murakami, H; Tsunoda, T; Urakami, A; Yamashita, K, 2006)	0.33
" We therefore reduced the dosage of TS-1 from 80 mg/body/day to 60 mg/body/day."	( [A resected case of advanced gastric cancer after treatment with low-dosage TS-1]. Aoyagi, K; Imaizumi, T; Koufuji, K; Matono, K; Miyagi, M; Ogata, Y; Shirouzu, K; Takeda, J; Yano, S, 2007)	0.34
" Each course consisted of S-1 at a dosage of 100 mg/body/day, twice daily for 21 days, followed by 14 days of drug withdrawal."	( [An advanced aged case of intrapulmonary metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer successfully controlled with S-1 capsule therapy alone for an extended period]. Katayama, T; Watari, M, 2007)	0.34
"The developed model may be useful to optimize the dosage regimen of TS-1 under various clinical conditions."	( Development of a pharmacokinetic model to optimize the dosage regimen of TS-1, a combination preparation of tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium. Hori, S; Inoue, S; Ohtani, H; Sawada, Y; Tsujimoto, M, 2007)	0.34
"Chemoradiation based on S-1, a novel oral antitumor agent of fluorinated pyrimidines, is the treatment for T2N0 glottic carcinoma; however, the optimal scheduling and dosing have still not been established."	( A phase I study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with S-1 for T2N0 glottic carcinoma. Inoue, T; Kiba, T; Murata, H; Nagata, K; Nagata, M; Shimode, Y; Tomoda, K; Tsuji, H; Yamashita, T; Yukawa, H, 2006)	0.33
" Dosing of S-1 is different between Western and Asian populations due to differences in metabolism by CYP2A6."	( Medical treatment for advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Ajani, JA; Cen, P, 2007)	0.34
"Although it is recommended that the standard S-1 dosage should be based on how large the body surface area is, an on-site setting of the appropriate dosage is often lower than the standard one, depending on the individual's condition and considering possible side effects and so, on."	( [Determining S-1 dosage at hospitals prioritizing cancer chemotherapy]. Anami, S; Furukawa, H; Hasegawa, K; Imamura, H; Kitada, N; Miyabe, T; Morimoto, S; Morita, S; Tabuse, K; Watari, M; Yamasaki, H, 2008)	0.35
" The urinary uracil value reflecting DPD activity of the whole body could be used as an index of recurrence at the time of long-term dosage of S-1."	( [Study of a relationship between a change in the urinary uracil value after a S-1 long-term administration and the recurrence of stomach cancer]. Akiyama, I; Fujita, Y; Hasegawa, K; Morimoto, S; Shono, Y; Tabuse, K; Tsuji, T, 2008)	0.35
" Furthermore, 'alternate-day S-1 regimen' may improve the dosing schedule for 5-FU by utilizing its strongly time-dependent mode of action; the former is characterized by the low incidences of myelotoxicity and non-hematologic toxicities (e."	( Development history and concept of an oral anticancer agent S-1 (TS-1): its clinical usefulness and future vistas. Shirasaka, T, 2009)	0.35
" Creatinine clearance of this patient calculated by Cockcroft-Gault method was 44 mL/min and renal function was impaired, so we reduced the administration dosage to 50 mg/day."	( [A case of an older adult patient with recurrent gastric cancer successfully treated by low-dose S-1 for a long time]. Danno, K; Imaoka, S; Iwazawa, T; Kano, T; Kimura, Y; Miyazaki, S; Monden, T; Nakano, Y; Ohnishi, T; Tono, T; Yano, H, 2009)	0.35
" It was started by a standard dosage of 4-week administration with 2 weeks rest since 2000(A group)."	( [Examination of s-1 therapy for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer]. Matsui, K; Nakagawa, S; Nashimoto, A; Nomura, T; Takii, Y; Tanaka, O; Tsuchiya, Y; Yabusaki, H, 2009)	0.35
"The percentage of patients who complied with the dosing instructions completely during a 1-year period was 70."	( [Examination of s-1 therapy for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer]. Matsui, K; Nakagawa, S; Nashimoto, A; Nomura, T; Takii, Y; Tanaka, O; Tsuchiya, Y; Yabusaki, H, 2009)	0.35
"This phase II study evaluated the toxicity and efficacy of a novel dosing schedule of docetaxel and S-1 as treatment for advanced gastric cancer."	( Phase II study of biweekly docetaxel and S-1 combination therapy for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. Egashira, A; Emi, Y; Kakeji, Y; Maehara, Y; Morita, M; Oki, E; Sadanaga, N; Takahashi, I, 2009)	0.35
" Regulating the dosage and intervals of S-1 enabled the patients in both cases to survive with cancer as outpatients for 2 years and 2 months after the initial visit (1 year and 10 months from the start of the administration of S-1) in the former case and 3 years from the initial visit (2 years and 1 month from the start of the administration of S-1) in the latter case."	( [Two cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in which S-1 administration resulted in long-term sustained QOL]. Furuya, A; Kobayashi, S; Monden, T; Mori, T; Ono, T; Sanbe, T; Shimane, T; Suzaki, H, 2009)	0.35
" S-1 dosage was assigned based on body surface area (BSA), which is different from the Japanese dosing system."	( Two dosages of oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 of 35 and 40 mg/m2 bid: comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles in Korean patients with advanced gastric cancer. Ahn, JB; Chung, HC; Jeung, HC; Noh, SH; Rha, SY; Roh, JK; Shin, SJ, 2010)	0.36
" It is also considered necessary to adjust the dosage of the anticancer drugs and the dosing period for patients with a PS of 2 when preparing a chemotherapeutic regimen for digestive carcinoma, including stomach carcinoma."	( [Combination chemotherapy of S-1 and CPT-11 for advanced recurrent gastric cancer]. Akasaka, O; Anan, H; Ando, T; Iwase, S; Kasama, M; Koh, R; Matsueda, R; Miwa, H; Morita, S, 2009)	0.35
" He was treated with single agent S-1 in 10 courses on a 4-week dosing regimen with a 2-week interval."	( [A case of advanced gastric cancer with paraaortic lymph node recurrence reaching a long-term survival by S-1 chemotherapy]. Iwanaga, T; Iwasaki, Y; Matsumoto, H; Matsumura, H; Nakano, D; Ohashi, M; Takahashi, K; Yamaguchi, T, 2009)	0.35
" But, we dosed down with S-1 due to severe diarrhea."	( [A case of successful control of recurrent duodenal carcinoma receiving paclitaxel]. Akitake, H; Ebisui, C; Fujimoto, T; Hama, N; Kashiwazaki, M; Konishi, M; Maekawa, T; Ookubo, K; Ootsuka, M; Taniguchi, M; Tsujie, M; Yoshioka, S, 2009)	0.35
" This phase I study was performed to determine the recommended dosage (RD) of metronomic chemotherapy using oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 plus weekly irinotecan (CPT-11) in patients with previously untreated advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer."	( Dosage escalation study of S-1 and irinotecan in metronomic chemotherapy against advanced colorectal cancer. Akagi, Y; Ishibashi, N; Mori, S; Ogata, Y; Sasatomi, T; Shirouzu, K, 2009)	0.35
"This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety and to compare dosing schedules of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in chemo-naïve non-small cell lung cancer patients."	( Randomized phase II study of two different schedules of gemcitabine and oral S-1 in chemo-naïve patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Ando, M; Funada, Y; Hata, A; Katakami, N; Kotani, Y; Negoro, S; Satouchi, M; Shimada, T; Urata, Y; Yoshimura, S, 2010)	0.36
" Whether the therapeutic effectiveness of modified regimens is similar to that of the standard dosage remains unclear."	( Alternate-day treatment with S-1 in patients with gastric cancer: a retrospective study of strategies for reducing toxicity. Arai, W; Haruta, H; Hirashima, Y; Hosoya, Y; Hyodo, M; Kurashina, K; Nagai, H; Saito, S; Sakuma, K; Shirasaka, T; Ui, T; Yasuda, Y; Yokoyama, T; Zuiki, T, 2010)	0.36
" In 116 patients, S-1 was initially given at the standard dosage but was switched to alternate-day treatment because of toxicity within 28 days on average."	( Alternate-day treatment with S-1 in patients with gastric cancer: a retrospective study of strategies for reducing toxicity. Arai, W; Haruta, H; Hirashima, Y; Hosoya, Y; Hyodo, M; Kurashina, K; Nagai, H; Saito, S; Sakuma, K; Shirasaka, T; Ui, T; Yasuda, Y; Yokoyama, T; Zuiki, T, 2010)	0.36
" It may well prove to be an effective treatment in the elderly provided the dosage and administration are appropriate."	( [Advanced gastric cancer in an elderly woman showing histopathologic CR after a course of S-1 and CDDP combination therapy]. Egawa, H; Kadokawa, Y; Kawabe, A; Nakajima, S; Sonoda, K, 2010)	0.36
" When chemotherapy with S-1 or UFT/LV started from the micrometastasis stage, not the advanced macroscopic metastasis stage, anti-LNM efficacy of S-1 was significantly higher than that of UFT/LV at the dosage in which antitumor activity of the two drugs against primary subcutaneous tumor was comparable."	( Characterization of a novel lymph node metastasis model from human colonic cancer and its preclinical use for comparison of anti-metastatic efficacy between oral S-1 and UFT/ LV. Hirai, T; Ito, Y; Kato, T; Kodera, Y; Nakanishi, H; Nakao, A, 2010)	0.36
" In view of the side effects such as reduction in appetite and leukocyte, the dosage has been reduced as of the second course of treatment."	( [A case of breast cancer with multiple hepatic metastasis successfully treated with S-1/PTX and S-1 chemotherapy]. Fujikuni, N; Hashimoto, M; Iwako, H; Kuranishi, F; Kuroda, Y; Moriyuki, T; Niitsu, H, 2010)	0.36
" To expand the range of applications and investigate the clinical value of the combination strategy, the therapeutic benefit of metronomic S-1 dosing in combination with oxaliplatin (l-OHP)-containing PEG-coated liposomes was evaluated in a murine colon carcinoma-bearing mice model."	( Combination therapy of metronomic S-1 dosing with oxaliplatin-containing polyethylene glycol-coated liposome improves antitumor activity in a murine colorectal tumor model. Doi, Y; Ichihara, M; Ishida, T; Kiwada, H; Matsumoto, H; Okada, T, 2010)	0.36
" However, because of decreased relative dose intensity during treatment, further study is warranted to determine optimal dosage and combination."	( A pilot study of S-1 plus cisplatin versus 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin for postoperative chemotherapy in histological stage IIIB-IV (M0) gastric cancer. Ahn, JY; Chung, HC; Hyung, WJ; Jeung, HC; Lee, SS; Noh, SH; Rha, SY, 2012)	0.38
" Therefore, we reduced the administration dosage to 60 mg/ day."	( [An elderly patient with advanced gastric cancer maintaining complete response for over 3 years by oral administration of UFT following short span of S-1]. Baba, H; Beppu, T; Okabe, K; Sano, O; Sugiyama, S; Wada, A; Yamanaka, T, 2010)	0.36
" Though grade 3 neutropenia appeared after 2 courses of the combined therapy, the patient well tolerated it after controlling the dosing schedule."	( [A case of complete response of gemcitabine (GEM) monotherapy-refractive liver metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with GEM+S-1 combined chemotherapy]. Hatata, T; Ikeguchi, M; Kondo, A; Naka, T; Takaya, S; Taniguchi, K, 2011)	0.37
" We judged that curative resection was impossible and finished the operation after giving an intra-abdominal dosage of cisplatin(CDDP)at 85mg."	( [A case of gastric carcinoma with peritoneal metastasis successfully treated by combination chemotherapy of S-1 and cisplatin]. Gon, H; Ishida, T; Iwasaki, T; Kanemitsu, K; Nakajima, T; Okuda, T; Tanaka, K; Toyokawa, A; Yamashita, H, 2011)	0.37
" The dosage of S-1 was set of three levels (1: 80 mg/m², 2: 65 mg/m², 3: 50 mg/m²)."	( Phase I study of S-1 in combination with trastuzumab for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Ito, T; Kamigaki, S; Morita, S; Nakayama, T; Noguchi, S; Sakamoto, J; Taguchi, T; Takashima, T; Yoshidome, K, 2011)	0.37
" The median S-1 dosage was about 5 courses, and the median of the S-1 total dosage was 10."	( [Evaluation of S-1 for stage IV gastric cancer]. Fujita, I; Furukawa, K; Kanazawa, Y; Kato, S; Shirakawa, T; Uchida, E; Yamada, T; Yokoi, K, 2011)	0.37
"It is essential that the dosage level of warfarin is appropriately adjusted by frequent PT-INR measurements when warfarin and S-1 are coadministered."	( Individual differences in prothrombin time-international normalized ratio variation following coadministration of the anticancer agents S-1 and warfarin: 3 case reports. Hori, S; Kondo, G; Maeda, T; Miki, A; Satoh, H; Sawada, Y; Yamamuro, F, 2011)	0.37
"S-1 based chemoradiation is the recommended treatment for rectal cancer; however, the optimal scheduling and dosing are not yet established."	( Preoperative radiotherapy combined with S-1 for advanced lower rectal cancer: phase I trial. Ikushima, H; Iwata, T; Kashihara, H; Kurita, N; Miyatani, T; Morimoto, S; Nishioka, M; Sato, H; Shimada, M; Takasu, C; Yoshikawa, K, )	0.13
" The present study indicates that further investigation is needed to determine the best dosing and dosing schedule."	( [The clinical effect of combination therapy for oral cancer with S-1, superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy, and radiation therapy]. Fukumoto, S; Higuchi, T; Horinouchi, Y; Uehara, S; Yamamoto, C; Yasumori, K; Yoshida, M; Yoshikawa, H, 2011)	0.37
" By the results of this survey, it was found that it is necessary to perform a medical teaching including dosage form to contribute to the adherence improvement of the patients."	( [Evaluation of the S-1 granule forms in gastric cancer patients who received treatment with S-1 capsule-questionnaire survey about drug dosage forms]. Anami, S; Fujii, C; Fujino, M; Furukawa, H; Hachino, Y; Imamura, H; Kawabata, R; Kishimoto, T; Sumida, R, 2012)	0.38
" Recently, we showed that the combination of oral metronomic S-1 dosing with oxaliplatin (l-OHP)-containing PEG-coated "neutral" liposomes exerted excellent antitumor activity."	( Combination therapy with metronomic S-1 dosing and oxaliplatin-containing PEG-coated cationic liposomes in a murine colorectal tumor model: synergy or antagonism? Abu Lila, AS; Doi, Y; Ichihara, M; Ishida, T; Kiwada, H; Okada, T, 2012)	0.38
" Thus, the reduced efficacy of standard chemotherapy dosage in Chinese cancer patients may be explained by the lack of CYP2A6-mediated S-1 bioconversion to 5-FU."	( Characteristic CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms detected by TA cloning-based sequencing in Chinese digestive system cancer patients with S-1 based chemotherapy. Fang, WJ; Huang, MZ; Jin, DZ; Mao, CY; Mou, HB; Peng, L; Xu, N; Zhao, P; Zheng, YL, 2012)	0.38
" We examined the effects, the rate of compliance with all of the dosing instructions, cancer recurrence, and the survival rate with S-1 by the administration method for 31 cases."	( [Alternate-day oral therapy with S-1 for adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer]. Kawai, Y; Matsumura, M; Mekata, E; Sato, M; Shimizu, K; Tagi, T; Takebayashi, K; Tani, T; Yamamoto, H, 2012)	0.38
" After recovery from the adverse event, another 4 courses at a 20% lower dosage for safety were administered."	( [A case of S-1-resistant resected advanced gastric cancer with para-aortic lymph node recurrence responding to bi-weekly CPT-11 and CDDP]. Ikeda, T; Minamoto, K; Yuasa, I, 2012)	0.38
" When administering cancer chemotherapy to the elderly aged 70 and older, the patient's renal function, PS and Ccr, should be studied, and a regimen and dosage should be carefully selected."	( [Tolerable evaluation for chemotherapy with S-1 plus cisplatin in elderly patients with advanced and recurrent gastric cancer]. Ito, D; Iwai, M; Kimura, M; Nakao, T; Okada, K; Usami, E; Yasuda, T; Yoshimura, T, 2012)	0.38
"This study was performed to investigate the compliance, safety, dosage modifications (dose reduction and/or schedule change [including permanent S-1 withdrawal]), and clinical parameters that predict S-1 dosage modification in gastric cancer patients receiving adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy."	( Safety, compliance, and predictive parameters for dosage modification in adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Kim, HH; Kim, JH; Kim, SJ; Kim, YJ; Lee, JS; Lee, KW; Park, DJ, 2013)	0.39
"We recently proposed an S-1 combined with oxaliplatin (SOXL) regimen, a combination treatment consisting of oral metronomic S-1 dosing and intravenous administration of oxaliplatin (l-OHP) containing PEGylated liposomes, which showed potent antitumor activity in vivo."	( Abrogation of the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon by SOXL regimen: promise for clinical application. Abu Lila, AS; Ishida, T; Kiwada, H; Nagao, A, 2013)	0.39
" Pharmacists should consider reducing the treatment dosage and providing nutritional support in such cases."	( Pharmaceutical care for patients undergoing s-1 plus Cisplatin therapy for unresectable recurrent gastric cancer. Kaneoka, Y; Kimura, M; Sugiyama, T; Teramachi, H; Tsuchiya, T; Usami, E; Yasuda, T; Yoshimura, T, 2013)	0.39
"Patients received oral sunitinib on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) or 2-weeks-on/2-weeks-off schedule (Schedule 2/2; 25 mg/day or 37."	( Phase I study of sunitinib plus S-1 and cisplatin in Japanese patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. Boku, N; Hashigaki, S; Kimura, N; Lechuga, M; Machida, N; Miyata, Y; Muro, K; Suzuki, M, 2014)	0.4
" The experimental arm's dosage schedule was paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 (intravenous infusion) on days 1, 8 and 15 and S-1 80-120 mg/d (oral administration) on days 1-14."	( A multicentre randomised trial comparing weekly paclitaxel + S-1 with weekly paclitaxel + 5-fluorouracil for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Ba, Y; Deng, T; Guo, Z; Hu, C; Huang, D; Meng, J; Wan, H; Wang, M; Xiong, J; Xu, N; Yan, Z; Yao, Y; Yu, Z; Zhang, Y; Zheng, R; Zhuang, Z, 2013)	0.39
" Grade 4 neutropenia was revealed, but the treatment could be continued by G-CSF or by down dosing the anticancer agents."	( [An 84-year-old man with highly advanced gastric cancer showing good response after chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 combination therapy]. Fukumoto, M; Irei, Y; Maruyama, S; Matsuki, A; Nakagawa, S; Nashimoto, A; Nomura, T; Takii, Y; Tsuchiya, Y; Yabusaki, H, 2013)	0.39
" The dosage of S-1 was based on the body surface area (BSA) as follows: 40 mg bid (total 80 mg/day) for a BSA of <1."	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine and S-1 for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Choi, DR; Han, B; Jang, G; Jeon, JY; Jung, JY; Kim, HJ; Kim, HS; Kim, HY; Kim, IG; Kim, JH; Kwon, JH; Park, CK; Song, H; Zang, DY, 2013)	0.39
"Our study indicates that S-1 monotherapy is safe and well tolerated in chemotherapy-naïve elderly patients with AGC, but exerts limited activity when given using a tailor-made dosing strategy based on renal function."	( Phase II study of S-1 monotherapy in patients over 75 years of age with advanced gastric cancer (OGSG0404). Furukawa, H; Iijima, S; Imamura, H; Imano, M; Kimura, Y; Kishimoto, T; Kurokawa, Y; Maruyama, K; Morimoto, T; Otsuji, T; Takiuchi, H; Yamashita, K, 2014)	0.4
" However, there is a paucity of data from sufficiently powered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies to support dosage recommendations in such patients."	( Optimization of cancer chemotherapy on the basis of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: from patients enrolled in clinical trials to those in the 'real world'. Fujita, K; Sasaki, Y, 2014)	0.4
"We recently reported that combination therapy with metronomic S-1 dosing and oxaliplatin (l-OHP)-containing PEGylated liposomes improved antitumor activity in a murine colorectal tumor model."	( Sequential treatment of oxaliplatin-containing PEGylated liposome together with S-1 improves intratumor distribution of subsequent doses of oxaliplatin-containing PEGylated liposome. Abu Lila, AS; Doi, Y; Ishida, T; Kiwada, H; Nagao, A; Nakamura, H, 2014)	0.4
" S-1 dosage was started at level 1 (55."	( A phase I study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy using oral s-1 for head and neck cancer. Fujimoto, Y; Itoh, Y; Kato, S; Naganawa, S; Nakashima, T, 2014)	0.4
" She was treated with oral S-1, administered on alternate days at a dosage of 80mg/day (orally, twice per day), as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy."	( [A case of appearance of a prominent rash in response to alternate-day S-1 administration as adjuvant chemotherapy for lower gingival cancer]. Goto, M; Nakayama, Y; Yamashita, Y, 2014)	0.4
"40 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) at a dosage of 45-50."	( Effect of intensity modulated radiotherapy combined with s-1-based chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer patients. Gu, BX; Hu, JB; Hu, WX; Sun, XN; Wang, Q, 2014)	0.4
" We determined the recommended dosage for CDDP-TAI plus S-1 combination therapy for advanced HCC."	( Transarterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin plus S-1 for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: a phase I trial. Hosoi, H; Ikeda, M; Kondo, S; Mitsunaga, S; Morizane, C; Okusaka, T; Shimizu, S; Terazawa, T; Ueno, H, 2014)	0.4
"The recommended dosage for further evaluation of this combination therapy in phase II studies is 65 mg/m(2) CDDP and 80 mg/m(2) S-1."	( Transarterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin plus S-1 for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: a phase I trial. Hosoi, H; Ikeda, M; Kondo, S; Mitsunaga, S; Morizane, C; Okusaka, T; Shimizu, S; Terazawa, T; Ueno, H, 2014)	0.4
"This study attempted to determine the therapeutic dosage of irinotecan and S-1 (IRIS) as a second-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC)."	( Phase I/II trial of irinotecan and S-1 combination chemotherapy as a second-line treatment for advanced colorectal cancer. Akazawa, K; Funakoshi, K; Hasegawa, J; Hatakeyama, K; Maruyama, S; Okada, T; Takii, Y; Tani, T; Yamazaki, T, 2013)	0.39
" The irinotecan dose was then escalated to determine the maximum-tolerated dose and the recommended dose at a fixed dosage of S-1 (80 or 65 mg·m(-2)·day(-1))."	( Phase I/II trial of irinotecan and S-1 combination chemotherapy as a second-line treatment for advanced colorectal cancer. Akazawa, K; Funakoshi, K; Hasegawa, J; Hatakeyama, K; Maruyama, S; Okada, T; Takii, Y; Tani, T; Yamazaki, T, 2013)	0.39
"This review aims to provide an evidence-based update of clinical trials that have investigated the clinical efficacy, adverse-event profile, dosage and administration of S-1, given alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics and new target-oriented drugs, in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC)."	( Efficacy of S-1 in colorectal cancer. Baba, H; Miyamoto, Y; Sakamoto, Y; Yoshida, N, 2014)	0.4
"The dosing regimen for 1 course was as follows: BV (7."	( [Study of S-1 and oxaliplatin(SOX) plus bevacizumab as first-line therapy in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer]. Higashi, Y; Ishikawa, S; Maruo, H; Murakami, T; Nishiyama, R; Shoji, T; Suzuki, K; Taniguchi, M; Yamazaki, M, 2014)	0.4
" The safety and dosage of S-1 combined with postoperative radiotherapy have not yet been evaluated."	( Phase I study of postoperative radiotherapy concurrent with S-1 in patients with gastric cancer. Bi, F; Cao, D; Chen, Y; Gou, HF; Li, Q; Li, ZP; Liu, JY; Peng, XC; Qiu, M; Shen, YL; Wang, X; Xu, F; Yang, Y; Yi, C; Zhao, YQ, 2015)	0.42
" In both arms, S-1 dosing (oral) will be based on body surface area (80 mg/day for body surface area<1."	( Randomized phase II study of S-1 dosing schedule for resected colorectal cancer. Doki, Y; Hasegawa, J; Hata, T; Ikeda, M; Ikenaga, M; Kato, T; Matsuda, C; Mizushima, T; Mori, M; Murata, K; Nakata, K; Nezu, R; Nishimura, J; Ohue, M; Satoh, T; Sekimoto, M; Shingai, T; Takemasa, I; Uemura, M; Yamamoto, H, 2015)	0.42
"We conducted a prospective pharmacokinetic study to develop an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function."	( Development of an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function by a prospective pharmacokinetic study. Boku, N; Booka, E; Gomi, D; Hamamoto, Y; Ichiyama, T; Imamura, CK; Kawakubo, H; Kitagawa, Y; Mizukami, T; Soejima, K; Takahashi, T; Takeuchi, H; Tanigawara, Y; Tateishi, K, 2016)	0.43
" The S-1 dosage formula was derived as follows:[Formula: see text]where AUC is the area under the concentration-time curve, CLcr is creatinine clearance, and BSA is body surface area."	( Development of an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function by a prospective pharmacokinetic study. Boku, N; Booka, E; Gomi, D; Hamamoto, Y; Ichiyama, T; Imamura, CK; Kawakubo, H; Kitagawa, Y; Mizukami, T; Soejima, K; Takahashi, T; Takeuchi, H; Tanigawara, Y; Tateishi, K, 2016)	0.43
"We have developed a novel formula for determining the S-1 dosage on the basis of renal function."	( Development of an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function by a prospective pharmacokinetic study. Boku, N; Booka, E; Gomi, D; Hamamoto, Y; Ichiyama, T; Imamura, CK; Kawakubo, H; Kitagawa, Y; Mizukami, T; Soejima, K; Takahashi, T; Takeuchi, H; Tanigawara, Y; Tateishi, K, 2016)	0.43
" The other 36 received CRC at the same cisplatin and radiotherapy dosage as for CRSC."	( Concurrent radiotherapy with S-1 plus cisplatin versus concurrent radiotherapy with cisplatin alone for the treatment of locally advanced cervical carcinoma: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Han, S; Li, Z; Lin, N; Mao, W, 2016)	0.43
" The prothrombin time international normalized ratio divided by current warfarin dosage (PT-INR/dose) was measured over time to evaluate warfarin titer in each patient."	( Impact of capecitabine and S-1 on anticoagulant activity of warfarin in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Doki, Y; Haraguchi, N; Hata, T; Kudo, T; Mizushima, T; Mori, M; Nishimura, J; Sakai, D; Satoh, T; Takahashi, H; Yamamoto, H, 2016)	0.43
" The dose of S-1 was escalated in a stepwise fashion from 40 (level 1) to 60 mg/m (level 2) and then 80 mg/m (level 3), whereas the dosage of irinotecan remained the same (150 mg/m)."	( Phase I Clinical Study of Irinotecan Plus S-1 in Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Cervical Cancer Previously Treated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. Kimura, T; Kobayashi, E; Kozasa, K; Mabuchi, S; Owa, T; Tomimatsu, T; Tsutui, T; Yamashita, M; Yoki, T; Yokoi, E, 2016)	0.43
" Furthermore, patients for whom treatment was discontinued or dosage was reduced demonstrated a large reduction in body mass index."	( Investigation into the Establishment of Indicators for Pharmaceutical Intervention in Cancer Pharmacotherapy. Kimura, M, 2016)	0.43
" Recently, we have reported that metronomic S-1, orally available tegafur formulation, dosing synergistically augmented the therapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin (l-OHP)-containing PEGylated liposome without increasing the toxicity in animal model."	( Improvement of intratumor microdistribution of PEGylated liposome via tumor priming by metronomic S-1 dosing. Abu Lila, AS; Doi, Y; Ishida, T; Matsumoto, H; Okada, T; Shimizu, T, )	0.13
" Clinically, metronomic S-1 dosing has been approved for the standard first- and second-line treatment of metastatic or advanced stage of colorectal (CRC)."	( Metronomic S-1 dosing and thymidylate synthase silencing have synergistic antitumor efficacy in a colorectal cancer xenograft model. Abu Lila, AS; Fukushima, M; Huang, CL; Ishida, T; Moriyoshi, N; Wada, H, 2017)	0.46
" After reducing the dosage of S-1, her diarrhea became milder, and she was able to continue S-1 chemotherapy."	( The Capsule Endoscopy Findings in S-1-induced Enteritis with Severe Diarrhea during Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer (with Video). Goto, M; Harada, S; Higuchi, K; Kodama, K; Kojima, Y; Nouda, S; Ota, K; Ozaki, H; Takeuchi, T, 2018)	0.48
" After 6 weeks, we changed the schedule to the same dosage of S-1 for 1 week followed by 2-week discontinuation."	( [Long-Term Complete Response in an Unresectable Advanced Gastric Cancer Patient Treated with Low-Dose S-1]. Ando, F; Kawano, Y; Matsuda, A; Matsumoto, S; Miyashita, M; Sakurazawa, N; Suzuki, H; Yamahatsu, K; Yoshida, H, 2019)	0.51
"She had received 4 cycles of palliative therapy using oral apatinib (425 mg daily) plus S-1 (40 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, with a 2-week drug-free interval), followed by maintenance low-dose apatinib (250 mg daily) plus S-1 at the same dosage thereafter."	( S-1 plus apatinib as first-line palliative treatment for stage IVB gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. Liu, D; Yu, GM; Zhang, C; Zhang, M, 2020)	0.56
" Adjuvant apatinib (425 mg daily for a month, and 250 mg daily for another month) plus S-1 at the same dosage were administered for 2 months."	( Neoadjuvant apatinib plus S-1 in locally advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. Liu, D; Wang, X; Yang, DP; Zhang, C; Zhang, M, 2020)	0.56
" Thereafter, salvage minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy and 2-field lymph node dissection was performed, followed by oral apatinib plus S-1 at the prior dosage for 6 months."	( S-1 plus apatinib followed by salvage esophagectomy for irinotecan-refractory small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: A case report and review of the literature. Gong, LB; Wu, W; Yu, GM; Zhang, C; Zhang, M, 2020)	0.56

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	34 (1.12)	18.2507
2000's	1062 (35.12)	29.6817
2010's	1794 (59.33)	24.3611
2020's	134 (4.43)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	767 (24.71%)	5.53%
Reviews	246 (7.93%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1,299 (41.85%)	4.05%
Observational	23 (0.74%)	0.25%
Other	769 (24.77%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.08	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	2.02	1	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
beta-alanine [no description available]	3.13	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.01	1	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
creatine [no description available]	2.47	2	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
dihydrouracil hexahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 5,6-dihydrouracil : A pyrimidine obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of uracil.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	7.61	12	4	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
thymine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	15.44	82	12	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenytoin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
anastrozole [no description available]	2.5	2	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.05	1	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carmofur [no description available]	3.1	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.92	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
cilostazol [no description available]	2.21	1	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	3.48	1	1	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	22.1	390	87	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
letrozole [no description available]	2.49	2	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.07	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	2.07	1	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	2.01	1	0	carbazoles
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	29.21	3,083	798	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oxopurine
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2	1	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	3.44	1	1	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
tegafur [no description available]	29.21	3,083	798	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temozolomide [no description available]	2.17	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	9.17	19	3	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.57	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
thymidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	7.38	14	1	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	2.05	1	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.02	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
cytarabine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	2.59	2	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
5-azauracil 5-azauracil: structure given in first source	2.92	1	0
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.08	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.48	1	1	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.13	1	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
cyanuric acid cyanuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocyanuric acid : The keto tautomer of cyanuric acid.. cyanuric acid : The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.	3.34	2	0	1,3,5-triazinanes; 1,3,5-triazines; heteroaryl hydroxy compound	xenobiotic
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	7.03	6	5	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	3.59	1	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
fluorodeoxyuridylate Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.	3.49	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	11.13	21	4	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.03	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.54	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	4.4	1	1	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.58	2	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	2.05	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	2.08	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine: metabolite of HCFU & 5-fluorouracil; structure in first source	2.95	4	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
deoxycytidine [no description available]	22.2	396	112	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	7.31	13	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	7.93	6	4	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.8	3	0	titanium group element atom
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	20.11	285	86	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
sodium sulfate [no description available]	3.23	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.01	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.07	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	19.34	270	69	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	5.86	11	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
lentinan [no description available]	8.2	23	4
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	5.94	7	1	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
eniluracil eniluracil: structure in first source; inactivates dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	6.74	6	0	pyrimidone
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.08	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
aromasil [no description available]	2.06	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	20.91	323	100	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
irinotecan [no description available]	20.33	292	93	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	18.29	121	23	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
emitefur Emitefur: structure given in first source	5.81	6	0
ro 09-1390 Ro 09-1390: structure given in first source	3.08	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.01	4	0	1,2,3-triazole
3-fluoropyruvate 3-fluoropyruvate: a substrate for E coli pyruvate dehydrogenase; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-fluoropyruvic acid : A pyruvic acid derivative having a 3-fluoro substituent.. 3-fluoropyruvate : The anion of 3-fluoropyruvic acid.	3.23	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	4.59	4	0	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	4.42	6	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
5-fluoropyrimidine [no description available]	7.88	4	2
uftoral UFT(R) drug: a drug containing tegafur and uracil; a biochemical modulator of 5-fluorouracil; used for postoperative chemotherapy of colon cancer; reported to cause severe liver injury; do not confuse with 1-UFT protocol	8.93	17	1
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	2.01	1	0
sivelestat sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	N-acylglycine; pivalate ester
iodofiltic acid iodofiltic acid: labeled with 123 I for myocardial imaging; RN given refers to unlabeled, non-isomeric cpd	2.03	1	0
5-fluorodihydrouracil 5-fluorodihydrouracil: metabolite of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.44	2	0	pyrimidone
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	4.06	4	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	9.38	14	3	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
methotrexate [no description available]	7.76	16	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	19.48	270	82	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
jte 522 tiracoxib: The combined administration of tiracoxib with probucol significantly inhibited the tumor growth. The angiogenesis was markedly reduced; no further information available 1/31/2001. tilmacoxib : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is that is 1,3-oxazole which is substituted at positions 2, 4 and 5 by methyl, cyclohexyl, and 3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylphenyl groups, respectively.	2.42	2	0	1,3-oxazoles; organofluorine compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available]	5.11	5	0	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor
lapatinib [no description available]	3.88	3	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sorafenib [no description available]	8.2	13	4	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	2.06	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	2.05	1	0
bortezomib [no description available]	3.12	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
carboplatin [no description available]	11.65	38	19
elastin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	3.12	1	0
theanine theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.	3.51	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine	geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	3.83	2	1	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	4.16	3	1	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	2.44	2	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
picibanil Picibanil: A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.	2.02	1	0	penicillinate anion
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	3.45	1	1	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
potassium oxonate potassium oxonate: used to induce hyperuricemia in mice	5.27	6	2	organic molecular entity
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.08	1	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
quinine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
amrubicin amrubicin: structure in first source; a 9-amino-anthracycline antibiotic. amrubicin : A synthetic anthracycline antibiotic with molecular formula C25H25NO9. A specific inhibitor of topoisomerase II, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of cancer, especially lung cancer, where it is a prodrug for the active metabolite, ambrucinol.	4.94	2	1	anthracycline antibiotic; methyl ketone; primary amino compound; quinone; tetracenes	antineoplastic agent; prodrug; topoisomerase II inhibitor
cystine [no description available]	3.51	1	1
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	2.1	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	4.52	2	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bilirubin [no description available]	5.29	4	3	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.1	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
maytansine Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.	3.59	1	1	alpha-amino acid ester; carbamate ester; epoxide; maytansinoid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organochlorine compound	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
lafutidine lafutidine: structure given in first source	3.95	2	1	organic molecular entity
granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.	2.51	2	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	5.57	4	4
su 11248 [no description available]	4.8	2	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	3.25	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	2.13	1	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
everolimus [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
shu 508 SHU 508: intravenous saccharide echo contrast agent with transpulmonary capacity for left heart contrast; appears in Japanese literature as SH/TA-508	2.02	1	0
taxane taxane: produced by Taxomyces andreanae	7.8	12	1	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
hmn-214 (E)-4-(2-(2-(N-acetyl-N-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)amino)stilbazole)) 1-oxide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source	3.13	1	0
5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine: structure in first source	3	1	0	N-glycosyl compound
bibw 2992 [no description available]	3.85	2	0	aromatic ether; enamide; furans; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinazolines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
5-fluorouridine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
edoxaban edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.	2.21	1	0	chloropyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound; thiazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
pirarubicin [no description available]	3.4	1	1	anthracycline
er-086526 eribulin: a halichondrin B derivative that suppresses microtubule growth and acts as an antimitotic agent; structure in first source. eribulin : A fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of marine sponge natural products. Inhibits growth phase of microtubules via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism, which leads to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage	3.5	1	1	cyclic ketal; cyclic ketone; macrocycle; polycyclic ether; polyether; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
resminostat resminostat: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source	4.6	2	2
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	2.02	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	3.13	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	6.44	4	1
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.48	1	1
apatinib apatinib: reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux function of multiple ATP-binding cassette transporters; structure in first source	8.26	12	2
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	5.11	13	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
gimeracil gimeracil: a biochemical and pharmacological modulator of 5-FU	10.73	31	10	organic molecular entity
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.21	1	0
nedaplatin nedaplatin: structure given in first source	9.02	27	8
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	17.73	107	44	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
guanine [no description available]	5.79	6	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	2.42	2	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
raltitrexed [no description available]	3.59	1	1	N-acyl-amino acid
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.92	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	7.57	9	1	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	2.51	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.04	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Breast Cancer [description not available]	14.28	96	23
Metastase [description not available]	22.03	355	284
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	14.28	96	23
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	22.03	355	284
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	9.06	30	2
Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma [description not available]	3.98	2	1
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	22.52	442	262
Common Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.	3.34	6	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	9.06	30	2
Klatskin Tumor Cholangiocarcinoma arising near or at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts (COMMON HEPATIC DUCT). These tumors are generally small, sharply localized, and seldom metastasizing.	3.98	2	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	27.74	1,762	549
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	27.74	1,762	549
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	22.71	574	203
Lassitude [description not available]	9.09	14	12
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	13.94	58	36
Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia FEVER accompanied by a significant reduction in NEUTROPHIL count associated with CHEMOTHERAPY.	3.7	1	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	22.71	574	203
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	13.68	35	24
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	14.2	48	28
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	9.09	14	12
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	13.94	58	36
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	16.84	98	66
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	22.27	428	160
Emesis [description not available]	9.62	18	10
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	12.11	43	25
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	22.27	428	160
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	9.62	18	10
Cancer of Head [description not available]	14.15	72	27
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	14.15	72	27
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	18.88	234	59
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	18.88	234	59
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	10.12	32	9
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	10.12	32	9
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors An internationally recognized set of published rules used for evaluation of cancer treatment that define when tumors found in cancer patients improve, worsen, or remain stable during treatment. These criteria are based specifically on the response of the tumor(s) to treatment, and not on the overall health status of the patient resulting from treatment.	5.31	5	2
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.9	3	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.9	3	0
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.	5.66	6	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	16.86	105	31
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	16.86	105	31
Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available]	15.84	67	42
Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	15.84	67	42
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	2.6	1	0
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	2.6	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	17.56	155	88
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	19.2	303	102
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	17.56	155	88
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	19.2	303	102
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	4.49	21	0
Extra-Mammary Paget Disease [description not available]	3.64	8	0
Paget Disease, Extramammary A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)	3.64	8	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	4.49	21	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	3.6	2	0
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	2.86	3	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	4.48	4	1
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	4.48	4	1
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	7.83	11	6
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	8.5	18	8
Dysphagia [description not available]	5.26	4	3
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	8.5	18	8
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	5.26	4	3
Hypoalbuminemia A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).	4.76	3	2
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	7.23	21	5
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	7.23	21	5
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	6.7	7	3
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	6.7	7	3
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	19.59	171	106
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	19.59	171	106
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	13.11	80	9
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	19.33	392	49
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	19.33	392	49
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	4.14	5	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	20.06	410	66
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	4.67	10	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	4.67	10	0
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	5.09	3	1
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	6.66	10	2
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	5.09	3	1
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	6.66	10	2
Thrombopenia [description not available]	11.97	30	20
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	11.97	30	20
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	9.25	20	7
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	9.25	20	7
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	16.8	180	64
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	16.8	180	64
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	10.41	45	4
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	10.41	45	4
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	3.16	5	0
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available]	3.99	13	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	12.89	92	22
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	3.99	13	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	12.89	92	22
Blood Clot [description not available]	3.8	10	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	3.8	10	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	10.03	31	3
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	10.03	31	3
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	12.52	76	9
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	12.52	76	9
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	6.54	24	0
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma [description not available]	6.54	44	1
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	6.54	24	0
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.	6.54	44	1
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	10.73	41	9
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	10.73	41	9
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	6.5	8	2
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	6.5	8	2
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	16.63	110	53
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	2.25	1	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.25	1	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.25	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.52	2	0
Chronic Liver Failure [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	9.79	43	6
Cancer of Pharynx [description not available]	5.34	4	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	9.79	43	6
Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.	5.34	4	1
End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.	3.17	1	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	11.01	16	4
Cancer of Maxillary Sinus [description not available]	4.55	5	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	12.64	41	13
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	12.64	41	13
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	3.7	1	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	3.7	1	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	3.7	3	0
Ductal Carcinoma [description not available]	9.23	8	5
Carcinoma, Ductal Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.	9.23	8	5
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	14.6	55	13
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	14.6	55	13
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	4.15	3	1
Hepatic Veno Occlusive Disease [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction.	2.63	2	0
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	3.55	2	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	3.53	2	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	3.53	2	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	6.62	18	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	6.62	18	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	12.53	36	22
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	4.82	2	1
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	4.15	3	1
Cornea Injuries [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.	2.15	1	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	3.82	2	1
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	4.49	2	2
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	3.53	1	1
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	4.49	2	2
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	3.82	2	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	12.36	114	12
Infection [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	2.15	1	0
Margins of Excision The edges of tissue removed in a surgery for assessment of the effectiveness of a surgical procedure in achieving the local control of a neoplasm and the adequacy of tumor removal. When the margin is negative or not involved by tumor (e.g., CANCER) it suggests all of the tumor has been removed by the surgery.	4.49	2	2
Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available]	3.39	2	0
Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.	3.39	2	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	6.41	8	2
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	6.41	8	2
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	3.86	11	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	3.15	5	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	3.15	5	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	5.79	7	1
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	5.79	7	1
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	9.52	19	8
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	9.52	19	8
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma.	9.68	17	7
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	5.08	9	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	7.19	12	3
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	7.19	12	3
Carcinoma, Large Cell A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	6.96	11	7
Krukenberg Carcinoma [description not available]	3.44	7	0
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	2.17	1	0
Acinar Carcinoma [description not available]	4.95	13	0
Carcinoma, Acinar Cell A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (Latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (Latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumor appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575)	4.95	13	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Cecum [description not available]	2.99	4	0
Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available]	6.49	26	0
Esophageal Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.	3.06	1	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	4.4	7	0
Epiphora [description not available]	3.01	4	0
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS.	3.01	4	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	2.83	3	0
MODS [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	3.09	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	6.54	9	2
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	2.17	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	6.54	9	2
Cancer of Duodenum [description not available]	5.27	19	0
Neoplasms, Vascular [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	6.89	10	7
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	6.89	10	7
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	2.17	1	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	6.72	11	2
Intussusception A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Jejunum [description not available]	4.86	7	0
Adenopathy [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.	2.54	2	0
Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.	2.21	1	0
Eyelid Neoplasms Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.	2.79	3	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	2.21	1	0
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is	2.54	2	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	5.91	14	0
Sister Joseph's Nodule [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	5.32	12	1
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	5.32	12	1
Blood Diseases [description not available]	7.07	8	4
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	7.07	8	4
Cancer of Lip [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Neoplasms, Sweat Gland [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Carcinoma, Skin Appendage A malignant tumor of the skin appendages, which include the hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and the mammary glands. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.21	1	0
Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema [description not available]	6.3	4	1
Hand-Foot Syndrome Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.	6.3	4	1
Bone Cancer [description not available]	14.36	65	21
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	14.36	65	21
Fibrosis, Radiation [description not available]	4.5	2	2
Radiation Pneumonitis Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.	4.5	2	2
Hiccough [description not available]	3.5	2	0
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency An autosomal recessive disorder affecting DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE and causing familial pyrimidinemia. It is characterized by thymine-uraciluria in homozygous deficient patients. Even a partial deficiency in the enzyme leaves individuals at risk for developing severe 5-FLUOROURACIL-associated toxicity.	2.76	3	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	7.25	9	1
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	7.25	9	1
Neoplasms, Bone Marrow [description not available]	5.17	10	0
Bone Marrow Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic.	5.17	10	0
Malnourishment [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	8.69	30	2
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	2.55	2	0
Breast Cancer, Male [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Hypercoagulability [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Inflammatory Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	2.47	2	0
Breast Neoplasms, Male Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.	2.21	1	0
Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.	2.21	1	0
Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells.	2.21	1	0
Neuropathy, Paraneoplastic [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	2.76	3	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	2.08	1	0
Choroid Neoplasms Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).	2.08	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar [description not available]	4.12	3	1
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.12	3	1
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	2.08	1	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	2.08	1	0
Male Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Genital Neoplasms, Male Tumor or cancer of the MALE GENITALIA.	2.08	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	5.96	9	1
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.1	1	0
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous An adenocarcinoma with a hard (Greek skirrhos, hard) structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	6.9	25	1
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	4.18	16	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	4.18	16	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	3.38	2	0
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary [description not available]	4.7	6	1
Anasarca [description not available]	5.25	4	1
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	2.08	1	0
Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available]	6.35	36	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	5.25	4	1
Embolus [description not available]	3.69	3	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	3.69	3	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	4.48	8	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.97	13	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	4.48	8	0
Appendiceal Cancer [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Appendiceal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the APPENDIX.	2.46	2	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	3.01	1	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	7.05	8	4
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	7.15	9	4
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	7.05	8	4
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	7.15	9	4
Funnel Chest A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.	2.08	1	0
Pyloric Stenosis Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants.	4.58	9	0
Lymphangitis A lymphatic disease characterized by INFLAMMATION of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	4.56	9	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	3.53	8	0
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	3.53	8	0
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	2.73	3	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.08	1	0
Cholecystitis, Emphysematous [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cancer of the Urinary Tract [description not available]	3.84	2	0
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	2.46	2	0
Exanthem [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Congenital Epulides [description not available]	3.29	6	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	2.1	1	0
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	2.08	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.1	1	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	4.13	3	1
Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available]	3.48	1	1
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	6.89	7	4
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	8.1	10	6
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	6.89	7	4
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	3.48	1	1
Cancer of Spleen [description not available]	4.45	8	0
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available]	3.43	7	0
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.	3.43	7	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	3.48	1	1
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	2.76	3	0
Urinary Bladder Fistula An abnormal passage in the URINARY BLADDER or between the bladder and any surrounding organ.	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Pelvis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Pancreatic Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS.	2.53	2	0
Gastric Rupture [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	2.75	3	0
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available]	5.5	8	2
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.	5.5	8	2
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.99	15	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.14	5	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	3.89	4	0
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	3.03	1	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	3.89	4	0
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	3.03	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	2.11	1	0
Anal Cancer [description not available]	5.87	8	1
Anus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.	5.87	8	1
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	5.15	6	0
Abscess, Abdominal [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Abdominal Abscess An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.52	2	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	3.33	6	0
Angiosarcoma [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Hemangiosarcoma A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.11	1	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Lacrimal Duct Obstruction Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250)	3.32	6	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	2.76	3	0
Bowel Incontinence [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Fecal Incontinence Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.	2.11	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.43	2	0
EBV Infections [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	2.47	2	0
Febrile Neutropenia Fever accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of NEUTROPHILS.	2.13	1	0
Carcinoma, Lobular A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast.	2.11	1	0
Neoplasm Seeding The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation.	3.14	5	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	2.11	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	2.11	1	0
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)	6.19	4	3
Complex and Mixed Neoplasms [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed Neoplasms composed of more than one type of neoplastic tissue.	2.13	1	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.13	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.13	1	0
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	3.84	11	0
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	3.84	11	0
Carcinosarcoma A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.11	1	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	2.11	1	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	2.11	1	0
Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.	2.77	3	0
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	3.37	2	0
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.	3.37	2	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	3.51	1	1
Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.	2.47	2	0
Hypopharyngeal Cancer [description not available]	3.84	11	0
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.	3.84	11	0
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.	2.13	1	0
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cancer of Nose [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	2.5	2	0
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	2.51	2	0
Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.	2.15	1	0
Papilloma, Inverted A mucosal tumor of the urinary bladder or nasal cavity in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface and is more smoothly rounded than in other papillomas. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.15	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	6.2	4	3
De Quervain Thyroiditis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	6.2	4	3
Thyroiditis, Subacute Spontaneously remitting inflammatory condition of the THYROID GLAND, characterized by FEVER; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; SORE THROAT; severe thyroid PAIN; and an enlarged damaged gland containing GIANT CELLS. The disease frequently follows a viral infection.	2.13	1	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	2.13	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	2.48	2	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	2.13	1	0
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	2.13	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.1	5	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	2.13	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	2.13	1	0
ATLL [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	2.15	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.13	1	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	2.13	1	0
Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.	2.47	2	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	2.47	2	0
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	2.13	1	0
Anastomotic Leak Breakdown of the connection and subsequent leakage of effluent (fluids, secretions, air) from a SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS of the digestive, respiratory, genitourinary, and cardiovascular systems. Most common leakages are from the breakdown of suture lines in gastrointestinal or bowel anastomosis.	3.42	2	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	2.15	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.15	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	3.43	1	1
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	3.43	1	1
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	3.43	1	1
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	2.04	1	0
Bleeding [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2.74	3	0
Ache [description not available]	3.83	2	1
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	3.83	2	1
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	2.44	2	0
Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.	2.04	1	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	2.04	1	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	2.46	2	0
Digestive System Disorders [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).	2.05	1	0
Hypomelanosis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.	2.05	1	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	2.05	1	0
Sick Sinus Node Syndrome [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	4.45	8	0
Cardiac Tamponade Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.	2.45	2	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2.46	2	0
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.46	2	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	3.35	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.43	2	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	3.35	2	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Thromboembolism, Venous [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	2.05	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	3.38	2	0
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	2.47	2	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)	2.05	1	0
Pancytopenia Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.	2.44	2	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	5.61	6	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	2.05	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.47	2	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	5.61	6	1
Maxillary Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.	2.44	2	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	2.05	1	0
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	2.05	1	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	2.46	2	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	2.05	1	0
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	2.05	1	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	3.44	1	1
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	3.44	1	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	5.27	4	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	5.27	4	1
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	2.06	1	0
P carinii Infection [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	2.06	1	0
Pneumocystis Infections Infections with species in the genus PNEUMOCYSTIS, a fungus causing interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS) and other infections in humans and other MAMMALS. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS, are particularly susceptible to these infections. Extrapulmonary sites are rare but seen occasionally.	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Parotid [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.	2.05	1	0
Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.	2.05	1	0
Submandibular Gland Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND.	2.05	1	0
Gastric Outlet Obstruction The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING.	2.44	2	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	2.05	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	2.47	2	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.46	2	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.46	2	0
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.	2.46	2	0
Cancer of ILEUM [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cholangitis, Sclerosing Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.	2.06	1	0
Yolk Sac Tumor [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Endodermal Sinus Tumor An unusual and aggressive tumor of germ-cell origin that reproduces the extraembryonic structures of the early embryo. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor found in children. It is characterized by a labyrinthine glandular pattern of flat epithelial cells and rounded papillary processes with a central capillary (Schiller-Duval body). The tumor is rarely bilateral. Before the use of combination chemotherapy, the tumor was almost invariably fatal. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1189)	2.06	1	0
Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.	2.06	1	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.	2.76	3	0
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.	2.06	1	0
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.	2.06	1	0
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	2.06	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.06	1	0
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	2.06	1	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Muscle [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	2.06	1	0
Neoplasms, Sebaceous Gland [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Anal Fistula [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	2.98	1	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	2.98	1	0
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.	3.45	1	1
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Chromosome Inversion An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.	2.06	1	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	2.06	1	0
Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous A malignant cystic or semisolid tumor most often occurring in the ovary. Rarely, one is solid. This tumor may develop from a mucinous cystadenoma, or it may be malignant at the onset. The cysts are lined with tall columnar epithelial cells; in others, the epithelium consists of many layers of cells that have lost normal structure entirely. In the more undifferentiated tumors, one may see sheets and nests of tumor cells that have very little resemblance to the parent structure. (Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p184)	2.98	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	2.07	1	0
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	7.5	4	4
Rhabdoid Tumor A rare but highly lethal childhood tumor found almost exclusively in infants. Histopathologically, it resembles RHABDOMYOSARCOMA but the tumor cells are not of myogenic origin. Although it arises primarily in the kidney, it may be found in other parts of the body. The rhabdoid cytomorphology is believed to be the expression of a very primitive malignant cell. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2210)	2.99	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.07	1	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.07	1	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	2.07	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Duodenal Obstruction Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.	2.07	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.07	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	2.07	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	2.71	3	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	2.99	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	2.07	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.08	1	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.07	1	0
Thrombotic Microangiopathies Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC; and HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME. Multiple etiological factors include VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL damage due to SHIGA TOXIN; FACTOR H deficiency; and aberrant VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR formation.	2.07	1	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	3.46	1	1
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.47	1	1
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.	2.08	1	0
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.	2.08	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	4.39	1	1
Linitis Plastica A condition where the stomach wall becomes thickened, rubbery and loses its ability to distend. The stomach assumes a leather bottle shape. It is most often seen in adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The term is often used synonymously with diffuse adenocarcinoma of the stomach.	4.76	2	1
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	4.39	1	1
Cancer Syndromes, Hereditary [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	2.71	3	0
Anticipatory Vomiting [description not available]	5.71	7	3
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	3.81	2	1
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	3.81	2	1
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	2.01	1	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	2.01	1	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	2.42	2	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	2.43	2	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	2.01	1	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	2.72	3	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	2.01	1	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	2.01	1	0
Pleural Effusion, Malignant Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.	2.71	3	0
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.12	5	0
Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Auricular Cancer [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.02	1	0
Ear Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR).	2.02	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	2.42	2	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	2.02	1	0
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	2.02	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	4.94	5	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	2.43	2	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.02	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	2.02	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	2.02	1	0
Anemia, Megaloblastic A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.	3.41	1	1
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.03	1	0
Sigmoid Colon Diseases [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available]	4.93	5	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	4.38	2	2
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	4.38	2	2
Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.	4.38	2	2
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	2.03	1	0
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure) [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	2.03	1	0
Intracranial Hypertension Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.	2.03	1	0
Cystadenocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.03	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.03	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.	2.03	1	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	2.03	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	2.03	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	3.41	1	1
Prinzmetal Angina [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Angina Pectoris, Variant A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.	2.03	1	0
Ascites, Gelatinous [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei A peritoneal adenocarcinoma characterized by build-up of MUCUS in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. Mucus secreting cells may attach to the peritoneal lining and continue to secrete mucus. The majority of cases represent tumor spread from a primary low-grade mucinous neoplasm of the APPENDIX (NCI Thesaurus).	2.04	1	0
Islet Cell Tumor, Malignant [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Carcinoma, Islet Cell A primary malignant neoplasm of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the non-INSULIN-producing cell types, the PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS) in GLUCAGONOMA and SOMATOSTATINOMA, respectively.	2.04	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	1.99	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	1.99	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	2.68	3	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Hyperkeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris [description not available]	2	1	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	2	1	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	2.92	1	0

s 1 (combination)

Description

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Synonyms (17)

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Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

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Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (3,024)

Study Types