etc-1002 profile

8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid: inhibits ATP citrate lyase (ACL); has anti-atherosclerotic activity [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

bempedoic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is pentadecanedioic acid which is substituted by methyl groups groups at positions 2 and 14, and by a hydroxy group at position 8. It is a drug used for the treatment of high LDL cholesterol, which is sometimes referred to as 'bad cholesterol'. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	10472693
CHEMBL ID	3545313
CHEBI ID	149601
SCHEMBL ID	185768
MeSH ID	M0585022

Synonym
CHEBI:149601 ,
esp 55016
bempedoic acid
etc 1002
acide bempedoique
etc1002
etc-1002
nexletol
acidum bempedoicum
8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid
738606-46-7
esp-55016
acido bempedoico
bempedoate
1ej6z6q368 ,
esp55016
pentadecanedioic acid, 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethyl-
bempedoic acid [usan:inn]
nilemdo
unii-1ej6z6q368
nexlizet component bempedoic acid
bempedoic acid [who-dd]
bempedoic acid [inn]
bempedoic acid [usan]
bempedoic acid [jan]
bempedoic acid [orange book]
bempedoic acid component of nexlizet
S7953
SCHEMBL185768
HYHMLYSLQUKXKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CS-3952
bempedoic acid (usan/inn)
D10691
nexletol (tn)
gtpl8321
HY-12357
AC-29040
c19h36o5
CHEMBL3545313
EX-A1243
AKOS027439916
mfcd18800820
bempedoic acid(etc-1002;esp-55016)
DB11936
BCP16083
bempedoic acid\|esp-55016
AS-49804
Q27075007
etc-1002;esp-55016
bempedoic-acid
AMY31933
CCG-267969
8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid;etc-1002
A905695
N10681
SY244715
DTXSID401027952
c10ax15

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The ETC-1002 and placebo groups did not demonstrate clinically meaningful differences in adverse events or other safety assessments."	( Efficacy and safety of a novel dual modulator of adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in patients with hypercholesterolemia: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, paral Ballantyne, CM; Bays, HE; Davidson, MH; Dicarlo, LA; Macdougall, DE; Margulies, J; Newton, RS; Rosenberg, NL, 2013)	0.9
"ETC-1002 significantly lowered LDL-C levels up to 27% across a broad range of baseline triglycerides and was generally safe and well tolerated."	( Efficacy and safety of a novel dual modulator of adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in patients with hypercholesterolemia: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, paral Ballantyne, CM; Bays, HE; Davidson, MH; Dicarlo, LA; Macdougall, DE; Margulies, J; Newton, RS; Rosenberg, NL, 2013)	1.83
" Bempedoic acid was well tolerated; rates of treatment-emergent adverse events, muscle-related adverse events, and discontinuations were similar in the bempedoic acid and placebo treatment groups."	( Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid added to ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients with hypercholesterolemia: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Ballantyne, CM; Banach, M; Hanselman, JC; Leiter, LA; Lepor, NE; Mancini, GBJ; Zhao, X, 2018)	0.48
"Due to the myopathic adverse events of statins, safer alternatives are being studied."	( Safety and efficacy of ETC-1002 in hypercholesterolaemic patients: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Gan, X; He, C; Huang, R; Luo, S; Wang, X, )	0.44
"ETC-1002 is a safe and effective lipid-lowering agent and may be a suitable alternative in statin-intolerant pa-tients."	( Safety and efficacy of ETC-1002 in hypercholesterolaemic patients: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Gan, X; He, C; Huang, R; Luo, S; Wang, X, )	1.88
" The incidence of adverse events (1167 of 1487 patients [78."	( Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol. Ballantyne, CM; Bays, HE; Bloedon, LT; Catapano, AL; Lalwani, ND; Ray, KK; Robinson, PL; Sterling, LR, 2019)	0.51
"In this 52-week trial, bempedoic acid added to maximally tolerated statin therapy did not lead to a higher incidence of overall adverse events than placebo and led to significantly lower LDL cholesterol levels."	( Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol. Ballantyne, CM; Bays, HE; Bloedon, LT; Catapano, AL; Lalwani, ND; Ray, KK; Robinson, PL; Sterling, LR, 2019)	0.51
" Bempedoic acid was safe and well tolerated."	( Efficacy and Safety of Bempedoic Acid in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia and Statin Intolerance. Banach, M; Bloedon, LT; Gaudet, D; Kelly, S; Laufs, U; Mancini, GBJ; Sterling, LR; Stroes, ESG, 2019)	0.51
" BA-treated subjects reported a higher rate of treatment discontinuation caused by adverse effects, of gout flare, and of increase in uric acid compared with controls."	( Efficacy and Safety of Bempedoic Acid in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Ambrosino, P; Calcaterra, I; Di Minno, A; Di Minno, MND; Forte, F; Iannuzzo, G; Lupoli, R; Poggio, P; Spadarella, G, 2020)	0.56
" The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiac events, and percent change in LDL-C."	( Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid for prevention of cardiovascular events and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chong, W; Fang, F; Tan, H; Wang, P; Wang, X; Zha, X; Zhang, Y; Zhou, L, 2020)	0.56
"An ongoing need exists for safe and effective lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) for patients unable to achieve desired lipid levels with current treatment options."	( Bempedoic acid safety analysis: Pooled data from four phase 3 clinical trials. Ballantyne, CM; Banach, M; Bays, HE; Bloedon, LT; Catapano, AL; Duell, PB; Gotto, AM; Laufs, U; Leiter, LA; Mancini, GBJ; Ray, KK; Sasiela, WJ; Ye, Z, )	0.13
" Assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and clinical laboratory tests."	( Bempedoic acid safety analysis: Pooled data from four phase 3 clinical trials. Ballantyne, CM; Banach, M; Bays, HE; Bloedon, LT; Catapano, AL; Duell, PB; Gotto, AM; Laufs, U; Leiter, LA; Mancini, GBJ; Ray, KK; Sasiela, WJ; Ye, Z, )	0.13
"Bempedoic acid is generally safe and well tolerated among patients with hypercholesterolemia who require additional LLT."	( Bempedoic acid safety analysis: Pooled data from four phase 3 clinical trials. Ballantyne, CM; Banach, M; Bays, HE; Bloedon, LT; Catapano, AL; Duell, PB; Gotto, AM; Laufs, U; Leiter, LA; Mancini, GBJ; Ray, KK; Sasiela, WJ; Ye, Z, )	0.13
" Odds ratio (OR) of the incidence of adverse events (AEs) were calculated to evaluate the safety of bempedoic acid."	( Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid alone or combining with other lipid-lowering therapies in hypercholesterolemic patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Deng, Z; Jiang, S; Jin, Y; Liu, P; Luo, X; Ma, X; Qiu, C; Shi, Z; Shu, Y; Tan, L; Tang, B; Xiao, Z; Zhao, X, 2020)	0.56
"Primary efficacy outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality, CV mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI)."	( Clinical efficacy and safety outcomes of bempedoic acid for LDL-C lowering therapy in patients at high cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brockmeyer, M; Chernyak, N; Icks, A; Karathanos, A; Kelm, M; Krieger, T; Lin, Y; Parco, C; Schulze, V; Wolff, G, 2022)	0.72
" Safety and tolerability were assessed by laboratory values and adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid in patients not receiving statins in phase 3 clinical trials. Ballantyne, CM; Banach, M; Bays, H; Bloedon, LT; Catapano, AL; Duell, PB; Goldberg, AC; Gotto, AM; Laufs, U; Leiter, LA; MacDougall, D; Mancini, GBJ; Ray, KK; Zhang, Y, )	0.13
" Safety assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events, adverse events of special interest, and clinical laboratory abnormalities."	( Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and/or Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (from the CLEAR Harmony Open-Label Extension Study). Ballantyne, CM; Banach, M; Bays, HE; Catapano, AL; Laufs, U; Lei, L; Ray, KK; Robinson, P; Stroes, ESG, 2022)	0.72
" Bempedoic acid was generally safe and well tolerated up to a dose of 220 mg/day across the study populations described herein."	( Phase 1, Single- and Multiple-Ascending-Dose, Food-Effect, and East Asian Subject Studies to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Bempedoic Acid, a Selective Inhibitor of Adenosine Triphosphate Citrate Lyase. Amore, BM; Emery, MG; Hanselman, JC; MacDougall, DE, 2023)	0.91
" The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, serum lipid profile, and adverse events between bempedoic acid and comparators."	( Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid lipid-lowering therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Bagepally, BS; Cherian, JJ; Das, S; Eerike, M; Venkatraman, S, 2023)	0.91
" Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were the primary efficacy endpoint."	( Safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Bertaina, M; Biondi Zoccai, G; Borzillo, I; Brizzi, MF; Bruno, F; D'Ascenzo, F; De Ferrari, GM; De Filippo, O; Giacobbe, F; Iannaccone, M; Leone, A; Monticone, S; Muscoli, S; Nebiolo, M; Pagliassotto, I; Ravetti, E; Solano, A, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Because pharmacodynamic interaction between statins and bempedoic acid is complex, a dose-response model was developed to predict LDL-C pharmacodynamics following administration of statins combined with bempedoic acid."	( Pharmacodynamic effect of bempedoic acid and statin combinations: predictions from a dose-response model. Amore, BM; Barrett, PHR; Catapano, AL; Chapel, S; Crass, RL; Emery, MG; Jadhav, SB; Kerschnitzki, M; Sasiela, WJ; Watts, GF, 2022)	0.72
"6 µg/mL, area under the concentration-time curve over 24 hours of 289 µg·h/mL, and elimination half-life of 21."	( Phase 1, Single- and Multiple-Ascending-Dose, Food-Effect, and East Asian Subject Studies to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Bempedoic Acid, a Selective Inhibitor of Adenosine Triphosphate Citrate Lyase. Amore, BM; Emery, MG; Hanselman, JC; MacDougall, DE, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These observed decreases in total and unbound oral clearance in subjects with decreased renal function are not explained by the increases in free fraction and might therefore also be attributable to changes in bioavailability or intrinsic clearance."	( Pharmacokinetics of bempedoic acid in patients with renal impairment. Amore, BM; Emery, MG; Ries, DK; Sasiela, WJ; Tresh, P, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Atorvastatin and metabolites' steady-state levels were analyzed before first dosing with bempedoic acid and after 2 weeks of treatment."	( Complementary low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lowering and pharmacokinetics of adding bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) to high-dose atorvastatin background therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Cramer, CT; Hanselman, JC; Lalwani, ND; MacDougall, DE; Sterling, LR, )	0.34
" Bempedoic acid given at a dosage of 180 mg orally once daily produces a highly significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and importantly also in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein."	( Bempedoic acid: effect of ATP-citrate lyase inhibition on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipids. Paton, DM, 2020)	0.56
" Because pharmacodynamic interaction between statins and bempedoic acid is complex, a dose-response model was developed to predict LDL-C pharmacodynamics following administration of statins combined with bempedoic acid."	( Pharmacodynamic effect of bempedoic acid and statin combinations: predictions from a dose-response model. Amore, BM; Barrett, PHR; Catapano, AL; Chapel, S; Crass, RL; Emery, MG; Jadhav, SB; Kerschnitzki, M; Sasiela, WJ; Watts, GF, 2022)	0.72
"Bempedoic acid and statin dosing and LDL-C data were pooled from 14 phase 1-3 clinical studies."	( Pharmacodynamic effect of bempedoic acid and statin combinations: predictions from a dose-response model. Amore, BM; Barrett, PHR; Catapano, AL; Chapel, S; Crass, RL; Emery, MG; Jadhav, SB; Kerschnitzki, M; Sasiela, WJ; Watts, GF, 2022)	0.72
" Comparisons of bempedoic acid 180 mg/day pharmacokinetics after single and multiple dosing revealed no clinically meaningful differences between Japanese, Chinese, and Western subjects."	( Phase 1, Single- and Multiple-Ascending-Dose, Food-Effect, and East Asian Subject Studies to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Bempedoic Acid, a Selective Inhibitor of Adenosine Triphosphate Citrate Lyase. Amore, BM; Emery, MG; Hanselman, JC; MacDougall, DE, 2023)	0.91

Role	Description
antilipemic drug	A substance used to treat hyperlipidemia (an excess of lipids in the blood).
EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP citrate synthase) inhibitor	An EC 2.3.3.* (acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ATP citrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.8).
prodrug	A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	30 (17.14)	24.3611
2020's	145 (82.86)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	25 (12.69%)	5.53%
Reviews	74 (37.56%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (1.02%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.51%)	0.25%
Other	95 (48.22%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.6	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.41	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	4.33	2	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester [no description available]	3.76	2	0
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.41	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.31	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
pentadecanoic acid pentadecanoic acid: in serum as a marker for intake of milk fat. pentadecanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing fifteen-carbon atoms.	4.48	3	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; food component; human blood serum metabolite; plant metabolite
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	3.01	2	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	6.2	3	2	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
atorvastatin [no description available]	4.69	4	1	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	3.31	1	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	3.18	1	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	14.66	38	8	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
gemcabene [no description available]	3.69	2	0
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	3.01	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	4.55	3	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
bms201038 BMS201038: an anticholesteremic agent and microsomal triglycide transfer protein inhibitor. lomitapide : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 9-[4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)butyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluorene-9-carboxamide. Used (as its mesylate salt) as a complement to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.	5.02	4	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; fluorenes; piperidines	anticholesteremic drug; MTP inhibitor
dapagliflozin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
anacetrapib [no description available]	3.18	1	0
col-144 lasmiditan: a high-affinity, highly selective serotonin 5-HT(1F) receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	4.48	3	0	peptide hormone
oligonucleotides [no description available]	4.99	4	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	3.01	2	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.31	1	0
evacetrapib [no description available]	3.18	1	0	benzazepine
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.6	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	0	4.1	4	0
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	1	6.1	4	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	0	4.21	2	1
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	0	3.7	1	1
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	0	4.21	2	1
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	0	3.7	1	1
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	3.8	1	1
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	3.8	1	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	7.81	13	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	1	9.81	13	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	0	21.02	142	74
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	1	23.02	142	74
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	15.26	41	37
Prediabetes [description not available]	0	3.8	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	1	17.26	41	37
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	3.8	1	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	0	16.45	105	4
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	0	7.81	10	1
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	1	15.15	39	6
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	1	9.81	10	1
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	1	18.45	105	4
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	0	9.94	22	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	0	9.94	22	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	3.33	4	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	5.47	4	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	5.47	4	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	2.6	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	2.6	1	0
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	2.6	1	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	7.52	9	1
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	0	3.68	2	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	7.52	9	1
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	3.68	2	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	0	2.6	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	6.47	5	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	6.47	5	1
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	13.77	38	36
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	13.77	38	36
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	0	3.93	2	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	0	3.93	2	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	0	2.6	1	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	0	3.64	2	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	2.6	1	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	2.6	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	0	2.6	1	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	0	3.52	1	0
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia [description not available]	0	4.51	1	1
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.	0	4.51	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	4.86	4	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.55	2	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	3.55	2	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.25	1	0
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	3.17	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	7.39	10	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	7.39	10	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	2.31	1	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	2.31	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	4.69	3	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Atheroma [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	0	2.17	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	4.51	1	1
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	0	4.51	1	1
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	4.51	1	1
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	4.51	1	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	3.93	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	10.65	81	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	6.37	9	0

etc-1002

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Research Demand Index: 28.66

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