Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 11979535 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 132821 |
| MeSH ID | M0022742 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| virginiamycin |
| 11006-76-1 |
| stafac |
| nsc-246121 |
| stafytracine |
| nsc246121 |
| starfac |
| eskalin v |
| staphylomycin |
| pristinamycine |
| stajac 22 |
| virgimycine |
| SCHEMBL132821 |
| n-(3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl)-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(12z,17z,19z)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatric |
| MVTQIFVKRXBCHS-FHWPYUEJSA-N |
Virginiamycin is an antibiotic active against grampositive bacteria in the alimentary tract. It is also suitable for supplementation of diets of growing and finishing ruminants.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Virginiamycin is an antibiotic active against grampositive bacteria in the alimentary tract, which is also suitable for supplementation of diets of growing and finishing ruminants. " | ( [The effect of virginiamycin on rumen fermentation in vitro after adaptation of donors to the inoculum]. Marounek, M; Simůnek, J; Skrivanová, V, 1995) | 2.09 |
| "Virginiamycin S is an inhibitor of protein synthesis in vivo. " | ( Characterisation of the binding of virginiamycin S to Escherichia coli ribosomes. de Bethune, MP; Nierhaus, KH, 1978) | 1.98 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Like virginiamycin S they enhance the activity of virginiamycin M1." | ( Preparation and properties of derivatives of virginiamycin S. Anne, J; Janssen, G; Vanderhaeghe, H, 1977) | 0.97 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The almost-complete bioavailability of linezolid permits oral administration." | ( Quinupristin-dalfopristin and linezolid: evidence and opinion. Eliopoulos, GM, 2003) | 0.32 |
The effects of dietary virginiamycin level on performance and liver abscesses in feedlot cattle were evaluated in seven dose-response studies. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal bacteria was examined.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Flavophospholipol is of interest thanks to its easier dosing and positive effect on the cyanocobalamin and ubichinon deposition in the liver and partly as its stimulative action." | ( [Nutritive action of flavophospholipol and virginiamycin on broiler pullets]. Daskalova, A; Drumev, D; Gabrashanski, P; Gakhniian, R; Rusev, V, 1976) | 0.52 |
| " or once daily dosage regimens, good intracellular and tissue penetration, better activity against gram-negative microorganisms (some) and a low rate of adverse reactions." | ( Clinical use of the new macrolides, azalides, and streptogramins in pediatrics. Adam, D, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " The antibiotic was active in the 100 mg/kg dosage which is the therapeutic dosage." | ( [Action of pristinamycin on Chlamydia]. Haider, F; Orfila, J, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Birds were orally dosed with 10 ml of Clostridium perfringens culture at 14 days of age." | ( Virginiamycin effects on controlling necrotic enteritis infection in chickens. Fagerberg, DJ; George, BA; Quarles, CL, 1982) | 1.71 |
| "The effects of dietary virginiamycin level on performance and liver abscesses in feedlot cattle were evaluated in seven dose-response studies." | ( Effects of dietary virginiamycin on performance and liver abscess incidence in feedlot cattle. Bartle, SJ; Bechtol, DT; Branine, ME; Gill, DR; Miller, CR; Preston, RL; Pritchard, RH; Rogers, JA; Stilborn, RP; Wray, MI, 1995) | 0.93 |
| " In vitro, antibiotics improve the susceptibility of microorganisms to antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, suggesting that this effect may contribute to determine the antimicrobial therapy and safe dosing intervals." | ( Enhancement of the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to phagocytosis after treatment with fosfomycin compared with other antimicrobial agents. Gómez-Lus, ML; Herrera, I; Martínez, P; Pérez Fernández, P; Prieto, J, ) | 0.13 |
| " Following discontinuation of QND, the cyclosporine blood concentration decreased and the dosage was subsequently increased to the previous regimen." | ( Interaction between quinupristin/dalfopristin and cyclosporine. Richards, JG; Stamatakis, MK, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " A one-third reduction in the cyclosporine dosage was required." | ( Interaction between quinupristin/dalfopristin and cyclosporine. Richards, JG; Stamatakis, MK, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "Frequent monitoring of cyclosporine concentrations with attention to the need for dosage modification is recommended when initiating or discontinuing QND therapy." | ( Interaction between quinupristin/dalfopristin and cyclosporine. Richards, JG; Stamatakis, MK, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " There were no significant differences found between the dosing frequencies and levels of killing when examining each isolate separately." | ( Pharmacodynamics of RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin) administered by intermittent versus continuous infusion against Staphylococcus aureus-infected fibrin-platelet clots in an in vitro infection model. Houlihan, HH; Kaatz, GW; Mercier, RC; Rybak, MJ, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " A better knowledge of the pharmacodynamic properties of macrolides and streptogramins is essential for definition of proper dosing regimens." | ( Pharmacodynamics of macrolides, azalides, and streptogramins: effect on extracellular pathogens. Carbon, C, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Intravenous dosing of this antibiotic combination is unlikely to be adequate for the treatment of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis." | ( Pharmacokinetics of quinupristin-dalfopristin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Baybutt, RI; Bridson, WE; Chevalier, P; Johnson, CA; Pasquier, O; Taylor, CA; Zimmerman, SW, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " A prolonged post-antibiotic effect, good polymorphonuclear leucocyte/macrophage penetration and slow release, and active metabolites allow this agent to be used with an 8 or 12 h dosing interval." | ( Quinupristin/dalfopristin: therapeutic potential for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. Moellering, RC, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Therefore, plasma drug monitoring and/or dosage reduction of these agents is prudent." | ( Safety and tolerability of quinupristin/dalfopristin: administration guidelines. Prokocimer, P; Rubinstein, E; Talbot, GH, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "These results suggest that no formal reduction in the dosage of quinupristin/dalfopristin is necessary in patients with severe chronic renal impairment." | ( Pharmacokinetics of quinupristin/ dalfopristin in patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency. Baguet, JC; Chevalier, P; Harding, N; Leclerc, V; Meyrier, A; Montay, G; Pasquier, O; Rey, J, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Despite a short half-life, an extended postantibiotic effect allows the agent to be dosed every 8-12 hours." | ( Quinupristin-dalfopristin: an overview. Bearden, DT; Danziger, LH; Delgado, G; Neuhauser, MM, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " The purpose of this open, nonrandomized, parallel-group, phase I trial was to evaluate Q/D pharmacokinetics after single and repeated doses under the two different dosing regimens corresponding to the effective doses and to evaluate tolerability." | ( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of two regimens of quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid) in healthy volunteers. Chevalier, P; Harding, N; Montay, G; Pasquier, O; Rey, J; Rouzier-Panis, R, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " One hundred and nineteen animals were treated with one of the following antibiotic regimens: im procaine penicillin G at a dosage of 300,000 U/kg weight/12 h (16 animals); iv trovafloxacin, 13." | ( Comparative study of treatment with penicillin, ceftriaxone, trovafloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and vancomycin in experimental endocarditis due to penicillin- and ceftriaxone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cortés Sanchez, R; García Alberola, A; Gómez Gómez, J; López Fornas, F; Martínez García, F; Pérez Salmeron, J; Roldán Conesa, D; Ruíz Gómez, J; Valdés Chávarri, M, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " The prolonged PAEs also suggest that the drug could be used intermittently at more widely spaced dosing intervals against gram-positive organisms." | ( In vitro activity and post-antibiotic effect of quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid). Cheng, AF; Fung, KS; Ling, TK, ) | 0.13 |
| " The pharmacodynamic (postantibiotic effect) and pharmacokinetic characteristics of quinupristin-dalfopristin allow dosing at eight- to 12-hour intervals." | ( Quinupristin-dalfopristin: a new antibiotic for severe gram-positive infections. Manzella, JP, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Due to the considerable contribution of the metabolites to overall in vivo activities, additional studies are required to fully quantify their removal before final dosage modifications for patients undergoing CVVH can be recommended." | ( Clearance of quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid) and their main metabolites during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) with or without dialysis. Banevicius, MA; Hu, M; Kim, MK; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Shi, X; Zhong, M, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " On d 21, rumens were dosed 2 h after the morning feeding with 350 g of solubilized casein to evaluate in vivo ruminal protease and deaminase activities." | ( Effects of virginiamycin and monensin plus tylosin on ruminal protein metabolism in steers fed corn-based finishing diets with or without wet corn gluten feed. Bindel, DJ; del Barrio, A; Hollis, LC; Ives, SE; Nagaraja, TG; Titgemeyer, EC, 2002) | 0.7 |
| "At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the modes of action, clinical indications, dosage regimens, and contraindications and cautions for several novel antibacterial agents for skin and skin structure infections." | ( Novel antibacterial agents for skin and skin structure infections. Schweiger, ES; Weinberg, JM, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Pharmacokinetic indices (C(max)/MIC90) for topical dosing were all <1." | ( In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic indices for antibiotics against coagulase-negative staphylococcus endophthalmitis isolates. Flynn, HW; Harper, T; Miller, D, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Therefore, a correct dosing regimen for the time-dependent molecules (i." | ( [Pharmacological rationale for choice of antibiotics for intraabdominal infections]. Mazzei, T; Novelli, A, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "Dried distiller's grains (DG) produced from ethanol fermentations dosed with 0 (control), 2, or 20 mg/kg virginiamycin-based product or spiked with virginiamycin (VM) postfermentation were fed to cattle and effects on antimicrobial susceptibility, and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal bacteria was examined." | ( Evaluation of feeding distiller's grains, containing virginiamycin, on antimicrobial susceptibilities in fecal isolates of Enterococcus and Escherichia coli and prevalence of resistance genes in cattle. Bischoff, KM; Edrington, TS; Loneragan, GH; Nisbet, DJ, 2014) | 0.87 |
| " The main objective of this review is to compare the relative efficacies, dosing strategies, and side-effect profiles of quinupristin-dalfopristin, linezolid, and daptomycin for VRE bacteremia in the pediatric population." | ( Optimizing therapy for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia in children. Hsu, AJ; Tamma, PD, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Three 15,000-liter fermentor runs were performed: one with no antibiotic (F1), one dosed with 2 parts per million (ppm) of a commercial virginiamycin product (F2), and one dosed at 20 ppm of virginiamycin product (F3)." | ( Fate of virginiamycin through the fuel ethanol production process. Bischoff, KM; Rich, JO; Zhang, Y, 2016) | 1.07 |
| " This study was designed to gather published data of virginiamycin (VM) used in feedlot conditions of the United States and analyze its effectiveness and optimum dosage in reducing the liver abscess incidence (LAI)." | ( An assessment of the effectiveness of virginiamycin on liver abscess incidence and growth performance in feedlot cattle: a comprehensive statistical analysis. Gorocica-Buenfil, MA; Tedeschi, LO, 2018) | 1 |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 310 (26.18) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 391 (33.02) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 369 (31.17) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 92 (7.77) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 22 (1.86) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (38.66) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 59 (4.73%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 123 (9.86%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 68 (5.45%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 1 (0.08%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 996 (79.87%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prospective Randomized Study to Compare Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Osteomyelitis Treated With Intravenous Antibiotics Versus Intravenous Antibiotics With an Early Switch to Oral Antibiotics [NCT02099240] | Early Phase 1 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-03-06 | Terminated(stopped due to Not enough patient enrollment and lack of staffing) | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| adenine [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 4.09 | 3 | 1 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative | fundamental metabolite |
| butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| carbamates [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid anion | |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 9.49 | 5 | 1 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 7.06 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway. | 3.8 | 1 | 1 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions. | 3.5 | 1 | 1 | orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role) |
| sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines | Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| amprolium Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium ion | coccidiostat |
| antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 7.2 | 28 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenazines | dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | acyclic carboxylic anhydride | |
| n(6),n(6)-dimethyladenine N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenine : A tertiary amine that is adenine substituted at N-6 by geminal methyl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | |
| enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| brl 42810 [no description available] | 3.11 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; acetate ester | antiviral drug; prodrug |
| fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines | antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
| fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone | prodrug |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. | 7.15 | 27 | 0 | ||
| glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative |
| ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | phenanthridines | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 4.02 | 4 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| nalidixic acid [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. | 4.93 | 14 | 0 | 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline | |
| pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| ronidazole Ronidazole: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.. ronidazole : A carbamate ester that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl and (carbamoyloxy)methyl groups, respectively. An antiprotozoal agent, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carbamate ester; imidazoles | antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
| roxarsone Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; organoarsonic acid | agrochemical; animal growth promotant; antibacterial drug; coccidiostat |
| sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion. | 2 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt | |
| sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| sulfaquinoxaline Sulfaquinoxaline: An antiprotozoal agent used to combat coccidial infections of swine, cattle, fowl, and other veterinary animals. Also used in controlling outbreaks of fowl typhoid and fowl cholera and in treatment of infectious enteritis. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
| gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes. | 4.72 | 5 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| trifluoperazine [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 4.06 | 15 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 6.43 | 34 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 6.95 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 3.8 | 1 | 1 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
| kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components. | 5.05 | 8 | 0 | kanamycins | bacterial metabolite |
| galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | D-galactose; galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 6.53 | 14 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group. | 5.09 | 14 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug |
| ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 8.76 | 2 | 1 | lactose | |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 7.65 | 3 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta. | 6.36 | 15 | 3 | penicillin | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug |
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 5.38 | 19 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester | adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
| dimethyl sulfate dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkyl sulfate | alkylating agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | |
| penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| 4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | butan-4-olide | metabolite; neurotoxin |
| arsanilic acid Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organoarsonic acid | |
| 2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 5.25 | 10 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
| carbarson Carbarson: sometimes used in treatment of intestinal amoebiasis; structure in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ureas | |
| quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines | |
| oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. | 5.55 | 13 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| 2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position. | 3.11 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue | antimetabolite |
| medroxyprogesterone [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 8.74 | 156 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
| ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative | antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| ferrous sulfide ferrous sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-S; mackinawite & troilite both have MF Fe-S | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. | 13.84 | 146 | 5 | glycopeptide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose | metabolite |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 4.75 | 10 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | ||
| vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 6.96 | 1 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom | |
| cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications. | 2 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | calcium phosphate | |
| calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | calcium phosphate | fertilizer |
| tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | calcium phosphate | |
| ornidazole Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections. | 2 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; organochlorine compound; secondary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antiprotozoal drug; antitrichomonal drug; epitope |
| daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| alkenes [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles | antibacterial drug |
| amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. | 5.32 | 7 | 2 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| kethoxal kethoxal: modifies guanine containing oligoribonucleotides by reacting selectively with guanine in polynucleotides. Drug is hydrate of 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde. 1,1-dihydroxy-3-ethoxy-2-butanone : A butanone derivative having two hydroxy substituents at the 1-position and an ethoxy substituent at the 3-position. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde hydrate; butanone | antiinfective agent |
| tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin |
| piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis. | 3.11 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles | EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| trospectomycin trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | dioxanes | |
| temafloxacin temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl | 3.6 | 3 | 0 | quinolines | |
| sparfloxacin [no description available] | 4.41 | 8 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 2 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| halofuginone [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | |
| trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure. | 6.09 | 15 | 0 | ||
| thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt | colorimetric reagent; dye |
| cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7. | 8.34 | 21 | 1 | cephalosporin | fungal metabolite |
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| arbekacin arbekacin: structure given in first source. arbekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aminoglycoside; kanamycins | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent |
| ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole | antibacterial drug |
| sanfetrinem sanfetrinem: orally absorbed hexetil ester of GV-104326 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | P450 inhibitor |
| avilamycin avilamycin: similar to Hygromycin B but lacking amino groups | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | ||
| olaquindox olaquindox: used in prevention of swine dysentary; growth promoting additive in pig feed; structure | 6.95 | 1 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| quindoxin quindoxin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #702 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| pd 131628 PD 131628: CI-990 is L-alanylamide prodrug of PD-131628; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| grepafloxacin grepafloxacin: structure in first source | 2.91 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic | |
| eperezolid [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups. | 11.8 | 108 | 1 | carbamate ester; oxazolidinone | metabolite |
| atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone | |
| n-hydroxysuccinimide N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. | 3.94 | 13 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion | antibacterial drug |
| beauvericin beauvericin: 18-membered cyclodepsipeptides. beauvericin : A trimeric cyclodepsipeptide composed from alternating methylphenylalanyl and hydroxyvaleryl residues. | 6.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| win 57273 Win 57273: bactericidal for Legionella pneumophila | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tazobactam Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | penicillanic acids; triazoles | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
| methotrexate [no description available] | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| sulbactam [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| virginiamycin butanolide c virginiamycin butanolide C: induces the production of virginiamycin from Streptomyces virginiae; structure given in first source | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
| carbapenems [no description available] | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. | 5.02 | 7 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam | |
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. | 4.54 | 9 | 0 | 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
| ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide | antibacterial drug |
| moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. | 6.48 | 13 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug |
| cerous chloride cerous chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeCl3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | cerium coordination entity | |
| calcium pyrophosphate [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. | 3.74 | 3 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
| lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | ||
| aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11. | 8.47 | 1 | 1 | aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone | carcinogenic agent; human metabolite |
| anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic | anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. | 5.4 | 4 | 1 | ||
| s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | peptide | |
| puromycin [no description available] | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | puromycins | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound | antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite |
| actinorhodin actinorhodin: structure. actinorhodin : A member of the class of benzoisochromanequinone that is produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and exhibits antibiotic activity. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. | 5.45 | 14 | 1 | cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal | antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore |
| cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| linezolid [no description available] | 11.83 | 111 | 1 | acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone | antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| acriflavine Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug |
| sultamicillin sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | penicillanic acid ester | |
| tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| tetragastrin Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | peptidyl amide; tetrapeptide | anxiogenic; human metabolite |
| mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. | 3.52 | 8 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol | antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic. | 6.33 | 50 | 0 | ||
| fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. | 4 | 4 | 0 | epoxide; phosphonic acids | antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor |
| zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. | 5.73 | 11 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cyfluthrin cethromycin: a ketolide;. cethromycin : A macrolide antibiotic which displays in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is currently under investigation for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have also granted orphan drug designation to cethromycin for the treatment of anthrax prophylaxis, tularemia, and plague (PDB entry: 1NWX). | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | ||
| cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | kanamycins | antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| streptothricins Streptothricins: A group of antibiotic aminoglycosides differing only in the number of repeating residues in the peptide side chain. They are produced by Streptomyces and Actinomyces and may have broad spectrum antimicrobial and some antiviral properties.. streptothricin : An N-glycosyl compound consisting of 2-amino-4-O-carbamoyl-2-deoxy-N-[(3aS,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-4-oxooctahydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-ylidene]-beta-D-gulopyranosylamine in which the amino group at position 2 of the gulopyranosyl moiety is acylated by a peptide unit made up of between 1 and 7 N(epsilon)-linked units of beta-lysine. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ranbezolid ranbezolid: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 7 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 4.69 | 9 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
| D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 3.48 | 1 | 1 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
| nadp [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. | 5.06 | 10 | 1 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis. | 7.65 | 27 | 2 | carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound | antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle | antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore |
| telavancin telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria. | 5.06 | 7 | 0 | glycopeptide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
| lincosamine lincosamine: produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis; structure | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 7.88 | 4 | 0 | polyketide; spiroketal | animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore |
| alatrofloxacin alatrofloxacin: prodrug of trovafloxacin | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bilirubin [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| genistein [no description available] | 3.5 | 1 | 1 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carotenol | food colouring; plant metabolite |
| miocamycin Miocamycin: A macrolide antibiotic that has a wide antimicrobial spectrum and is particularly effective in respiratory and genital infections. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| rokitamycin rokitamycin: structure in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| 7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid | antibacterial drug |
| desonide Desonide: A nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for DERMATOSES.. desonide : Triamcinolone acetonide with hydrogen instead of the fluorine substituent at position 9. A corticosteroid anti-inflammatory, it is used topically as a cream, ointment or lotion for the treatment of various skin disorders. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; cyclic ketal; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug |
| l 365260 L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound | actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| lasalocid Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. | 7.37 | 2 | 0 | beta-hydroxy ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; oxanes; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol | bacterial metabolite; coccidiostat; ionophore |
| virginiamycin factor s1 virginiamycin factor S1: a component of VIRGINIAMYCIN; was EP to VIRGINIAMYCIN 1992-2001. virginiamycin S1 : A cyclodepsipeptide that is N-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-L-threonyl-D-alpha-aminobutyryl-L-prolyl-N-methyl-L-phenylalanyl-4-oxo-L-pipecoloyl-L-2-phenylglycine in which the carboxy group of the 2-phenylglycine moiety has undergone formal intramolecular condensation with the hydroxy group of the N-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-L-threonyl to give the corresponding 19-membered ring lactone. It is one of the two major components of the antibacterial drug virginiamycin, produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. | 3.57 | 8 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite |
| streptogramin a Streptogramin A: A specific streptogramin group A antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria. | 8.67 | 9 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; cyclic ketone; enamide; lactam; macrolide antibiotic; macrolide; pyrroline; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide | antibacterial drug; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 4.08 | 3 | 1 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug |
| hr 810 cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; cyclopentapyridine | |
| cefetamet cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | |
| cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| nitrovin Nitrovin: An antibacterial growth promoter used in animal feeds. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | C-nitro compound; furans | |
| antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
| bambermycins Bambermycins: Antibiotic complex obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis containing mainly Moenomycins A and C. They are used as feed additives and growth promoters for poultry, swine, and cattle. | 10.81 | 8 | 3 | ||
| lankacidins lankacidins: RN refers to lankacidin C; RN given refers to (1S-(1R*,2S*,3E,5E,7R*,9E,11E,13R*,15S*,19S*))-isomer; structure | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| x 14547-a X 14547-A: structure. indanomycin : An indene that is (3aS,7aR)-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene which is substituted at the 2-pro-R position by a 1H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl group, at the 9-pro-S position by an ethyl group, and at the 5-pro-R position by a hexa-1,3-dineyl group in which position 4 has been substituted by a (2R,3S,6R)-6-[(1R)-1-carboxyethyl]-3-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yl group. It exhibits activity against Gram-positive bacteria as well as antihypertensive and antitumour. It also functions as an effective growth promoter for ruminants. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid | calcium ionophore; metabolite |
| evernimicin [no description available] | 4.3 | 3 | 0 | ||
| sitafloxacin sitafloxacin: structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| retapamulin retapamulin: a synthetic pleuromutilin | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; carboxylic ester; cyclic ketone | |
| fenpyroximate fenpyroximate: structure in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pyrazole acaricide; tert-butyl ester | mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor |
| amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate. | 4.07 | 3 | 1 | ||
| ppi-0903 ceftaroline : A cephalosporin that is the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil. Used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. | 3.91 | 3 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; iminium betaine; organic phosphoramidate; oxime O-ether; thiadiazoles | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; prodrug |
| cefditoren cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| rwj 54428 RWJ 54428: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| streptogramin b Streptogramin B: A specific streptogramin group B antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria.. pristinamycin IA : A cyclodepsipeptide that is (together with pristinamycin IIA) a component of pristinamycin, an oral streptogramin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. Pristinamycin exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram positive organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. | 3.93 | 12 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| griseoviridin griseoviridin: produced by Streptomyces griseus | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | ||
| tedizolid DA 7157: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. tedizolid : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a 2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl group at position 2 and by a 2-fluoro-4-[(5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl group at position 5. It is used as its phosphate pro-drug used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; pyridines; tetrazoles | antimicrobial agent; drug metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| cefdinir Cefdinir: A third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.. cefdinir : A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ru 66647 telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis; | 4.65 | 27 | 0 | ||
| losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pristinamycin iib virginiamycin M2: structure in first source | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | ||
| bacitracin methylenedisalicylic acid bacitracin methylenedisalicylic acid: RN given refers to Bacitracin, methylenebis(2-hydroxybenzoate) | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | ||
| rifamycins [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 7.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
| gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| avoparcin avoparcin: glycopeptide antibiotic from Streptomyces candidus; antibiotic growth promoter for improving growth rates & feed conversion efficiency of broiler chickens & pigs | 5.02 | 13 | 0 | ||
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oritavancin oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA. | 5.2 | 6 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
| ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist |
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 3.8 | 1 | 1 | glycoside | |
| chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | chlorophyll; methyl ester | cofactor |
| ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | ||
| chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| quinupristin quinupristin: component of RP 59500; structure in first source | 11.98 | 91 | 5 | cyclodepsipeptide | |
| quinupristin-dalfopristin quinupristin-dalfopristin: RP 59500 is a combination of RP 57669 & RP 54476, which are water soluble derivatives of pristinamycin IA & pristinamycin IIB, respectively | 17.04 | 409 | 16 | organic molecular entity | |
| mannans [no description available] | 5.26 | 4 | 3 | ||
| thiopeptin [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glycolipids [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 8.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tylosin [no description available] | 4.03 | 14 | 0 | ||
| crotylsilane crotylsilane: structure in first source | 7.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent |
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 5.51 | 22 | 0 | ||
| chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. | 3.66 | 10 | 0 | ||
| oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae. | 3.19 | 6 | 0 | ||
| minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5. | 9.29 | 30 | 1 | ||
| salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoate | plant metabolite |
| n,n-dimethylglycylamidominocycline [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tigecycline [no description available] | 7.87 | 26 | 0 | ||
| tetronothiodin tetronothiodin: from Streptomyces sp. NR0489; structure given in first source; cholecystokinin receptor antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| omadacycline omadacycline: demonstrated in vitro activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and select Gram-negative pathogens; structure in first source | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | tetracyclines | |
| lymecycline Lymecycline: A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses.. lymecycline : A tetracycline-based broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is approximately 5000 times more soluble than tetracycline base and is unique amongst tetracyclines in that it is absorbed by the "active transport" process across the intestinal wall. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eravacycline eravacycline: has antibacterial activity | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | tetracyclines | |
| enramycin enramycin: isolated from cultures of Streptomyces fungicidicus | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X). | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| etamycin etamycin: antibiotic substance (macrolide lactone) produced by Streptomyces griseus & allied Streptomyces; active against gram-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis & some fungi & other coccal infections; see also neoviridogriseins; structure | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | ||
| daptomycin [no description available] | 9 | 48 | 0 | ||
| chloroorienticin a chloroorienticin A: structure given in first source; isolated from Amycolatopsis orientalis | 3.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nxl 103 flopristin, linopristin drug combination: a mixture of flopristin (RPR132552A) and linopristin (RPR202698) | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| dalfopristin dalfopristin: component of RP-59500; structure in first source. dalfopristin : A macrolide that is pristinamycin IIA in which the double bond between positions 26 and 26a of the pyrroline ring has been reduced and position 26R carries a [2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfonyl group. It is a semi-synthetic streptogramin antibiotic and often used as a mixture with quinupristin for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. | 10.89 | 75 | 2 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| blasticidin s blasticidin S: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. blasticidin S : A blasticidin that is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces griseochromogene. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sparsomycin Sparsomycin: An antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sparsogenes. It inhibits protein synthesis in 70S and 80S ribosomal systems. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329) | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| narasin narasin: related to salinomycin & A28086B; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 3.11 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
| guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | 6.38 | 31 | 0 | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor |
| guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| cyadox cyadox: structure | 7.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| ceftobiprole ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). | 4.04 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin; thiadiazoles | antimicrobial agent |
| methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | alkylating agent |
| carbadox Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125) | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
| fructooligosaccharide [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | oligosaccharide | |
| 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester: structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chalcomycin chalcomycin: structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E coli Infections [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 1 | 1 |
| Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. | 0 | 3.8 | 1 | 1 |
| Besnoitiasis [description not available] | 0 | 4.12 | 3 | 1 |
| Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 11.95 | 129 | 5 |
| Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 11.95 | 129 | 5 |
| Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion. | 0 | 9.59 | 33 | 3 |
| Health Care Associated Infection [description not available] | 0 | 8.97 | 32 | 1 |
| Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution. | 0 | 8.97 | 32 | 1 |
| Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available] | 0 | 13.76 | 140 | 9 |
| Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method. | 0 | 13.76 | 140 | 9 |
| Infections, Coronavirus [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE). | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 7.04 | 31 | 3 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 7.18 | 21 | 5 |
| Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus. | 0 | 5.44 | 15 | 1 |
| Abscess, Hepatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available] | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 8.6 | 22 | 1 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 8.6 | 22 | 1 |
| Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. | 0 | 6.55 | 18 | 3 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 5.58 | 3 | 2 |
| Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE. | 0 | 4.07 | 3 | 1 |
| Staphylococcal Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 5.41 | 5 | 1 |
| Pneumonia, Staphylococcal Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS, usually with STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. | 0 | 5.41 | 5 | 1 |
| Campylobacter Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 11 | 0 |
| Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. | 0 | 3.8 | 11 | 0 |
| Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available] | 0 | 5.38 | 5 | 1 |
| Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 5.38 | 5 | 1 |
| Avian Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Discitis Inflammation of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps not the promoter, of most cases of discitis. Discitis has been diagnosed in patients following discography, myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially with chymopapain) is attributed to chemical reaction by some and to introduction of microorganisms by others. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available] | 0 | 6.34 | 27 | 0 |
| Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use. | 0 | 6.34 | 27 | 0 |
| Primary Peritonitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs. | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 5 | 9 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 5.53 | 16 | 0 |
| Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Equine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Bacterial Meningitides [description not available] | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots. | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Bacterial Eye Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available] | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent. | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 6.55 | 10 | 2 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Mitral Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available] | 0 | 4.72 | 7 | 1 |
| Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Joint Pain [description not available] | 0 | 4.32 | 4 | 1 |
| Arthralgia Pain in the joint. | 0 | 4.32 | 4 | 1 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Group A Strep Infection [description not available] | 0 | 7.88 | 25 | 2 |
| Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS. | 0 | 7.88 | 25 | 2 |
| Community Acquired Infection [description not available] | 0 | 7.03 | 7 | 2 |
| Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. | 0 | 5.4 | 5 | 1 |
| Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 8.41 | 10 | 4 |
| Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria. | 0 | 8.41 | 10 | 4 |
| Hematologic Malignancies [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood. | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 4.6 | 4 | 0 |
| Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 4.6 | 4 | 0 |
| Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Abscess, Intracranial, Subdural [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Empyema Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Pachymeningitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Spondylitis Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Pink Eye [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Bronchitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI. | 0 | 4.66 | 2 | 1 |
| Bronchitis, Chronic A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis. | 0 | 2.85 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
| Shingles [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.36 | 5 | 1 |
| Nail Fungus [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. | 0 | 5.36 | 5 | 1 |
| Onychomycosis A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Acanthamoeba Meningoencephalitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Abscess, Amebic [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Amebiasis Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| HbS Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA. | 0 | 5.08 | 10 | 1 |
| Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688) | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscle Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 5.05 | 5 | 2 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 4.65 | 3 | 2 |
| Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 5.05 | 5 | 2 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 4.65 | 3 | 2 |
| Chest Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Wounds, Stab Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Periphlebitis Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Phlebitis Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS). | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Reticulocytosis An increase in circulating RETICULOCYTES, which is among the simplest and most reliable signs of accelerated ERYTHROCYTE production. Reticulocytosis occurs during active BLOOD regeneration (stimulation of red bone marrow) and in certain types of ANEMIA, particularly CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Periodontitis, Acute Nonsuppurative [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Periapical Periodontitis Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Dysentery Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION. | 0 | 4.95 | 9 | 1 |
| Infections, Spirochaetales [description not available] | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 1 |
| Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE). | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Abscess, Epidural [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Stenosis Narrowing of the spinal canal. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 5.87 | 5 | 1 |
| Aspergillus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Fungal Lung Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. | 0 | 5.87 | 5 | 1 |
| Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Digestive System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abscess, Abdominal [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Abscess An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Infective Endocarditis [description not available] | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening. | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Phlegmon [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Pus [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Chlamydia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Salmonella [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Corynebacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Fungus Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Bleb [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Lactic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 4.86 | 8 | 1 |
| Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 4.86 | 8 | 1 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Klebsiella [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Legionellosis Infections with bacteria of the genus LEGIONELLA. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Anorectal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 6.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Segond Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Eczematous Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Erysipelas An acute infection of the skin caused by species of STREPTOCOCCUS. This disease most frequently affects infants, young children, and the elderly. Characteristics include pink-to-red lesions that spread rapidly and are warm to the touch. The commonest site of involvement is the face. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available] | 0 | 6 | 4 | 1 |
| Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. | 0 | 6 | 4 | 1 |
| HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection, Wound [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Microbial Superinvasion [description not available] | 0 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| Actinomycetales Infections Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Meningitis, Pneumococcal An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111) | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS. | 0 | 3.6 | 3 | 0 |
| Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 4.99 | 3 | 1 |
| ENT Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 4.99 | 3 | 1 |
| Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. | 0 | 6.11 | 6 | 2 |
| Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. | 0 | 6.11 | 6 | 2 |
| Ileitis Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Eperythrozoonosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyoderma Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed). | 0 | 5.28 | 7 | 2 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 5.01 | 5 | 2 |
| Infections, Neisseriaceae [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Carditis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| Pocket, Periodontal [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pericementitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Sinus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 2 | 2 |
| Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES. | 0 | 4.35 | 2 | 2 |
| Infectious Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host. | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Nasal Catarrh [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI. | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES. | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Infections, Helicobacter [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Animal Diseases Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Bilirubinemia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Humeral Fractures Fractures of the HUMERUS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| P carinii Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumocystis Infections Infections with species in the genus PNEUMOCYSTIS, a fungus causing interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS) and other infections in humans and other MAMMALS. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS, are particularly susceptible to these infections. Extrapulmonary sites are rare but seen occasionally. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Bejel [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Stunted Growth [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 6.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Fowl Paralysis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome. | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| B16 Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed). | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Eczema, Atopic [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
| Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Fractures, Compound [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Bacteroides Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Acne [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Nails, Ingrown Excessive lateral nail growth into the nail fold. Because the lateral margin of the nail acts as a foreign body, inflammation and granulation may result. It is caused by improperly fitting shoes and by improper trimming of the nail. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Intertrigo A superficial dermatitis occurring on skin surfaces in contact with each other, such as the axillae, neck creases, intergluteal fold, between the toes, etc. Obesity is a predisposing factor. The condition is caused by moisture and friction and is characterized by erythema, maceration, burning, and exudation. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Ear Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| External Ear Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Otitis Externa Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Eczema, Dyshidrotic A recurrent eczematous reaction characterized by the development of vesicular eruptions on the palms and soles, particularly along the sides and between the digits. It is accompanied by pruritus, a burning sensation, and hyperhidrosis. The disease is self-limiting, lasting only a few weeks. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchial Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Food Poisoning, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Histomoniasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Sycosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Boils [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Folliculitis Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection [description not available] | 0 | 6.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthropathies [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. | 0 | 6.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |