garenoxacin profile

garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	124093
CHEMBL ID	215303
CHEBI ID	131716
SCHEMBL ID	2103727
MeSH ID	M0378262

Synonym
t-3811
1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-7-[(1r)-1-methylisoindolin-5-yl]-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
t 3811
1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-7-[(1r)-(1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1h-5-isoindolyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
t-3811mea
garenoxacin
bms-284756 (mesylate salt)
bms 284756 (mesylate salt)
CHEMBL215303
1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-7-[(1r)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1h-isoindol-5-yl]-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
garenoxacine
194804-75-6
bms284756
CHEBI:131716
garenoxacino
garenoxacinum
AKOS015920281
BCP9000709
v72h9867wb ,
garenoxacin [inn:ban]
unii-v72h9867wb
194804-75-6 pound not223652-90-2
BCPP000224
S5908
(r)-1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-7-(1-methylisoindolin-5-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-7-[(1r)-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-1h-isoindol-5-yl]-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
ganefloxacin
(r)-1-cyclopropyl-8-difluoromethoxy-7-(1-methyl-2, 3-dihydro-1h-5-isoindolyl)-4-oxo-1, 4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
(r)-1-cyclopropyl-8-difluoromethoxy-7-(1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1h-5-isoindolyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
(r)-1-cyclopropyl-8-difluoromethoxy-7-(1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1h-5-isoindolyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinoline-carboxylic acid
garenoxacin [mi]
garenoxacin [who-dd]
garenoxacin [mart.]
garenoxacin [inn]
CS-4989
garenfloxacin
SCHEMBL2103727
HY-17460
DTXSID30173135
J-521409
bdbm50481219
J-012614
Q3758306
DB06160
BCP01415
EX-A3040
A16856
AMY8881
1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-7-[(1r)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1h-isoindol-5-yl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
gtpl12402

Research Excerpts

Overview

Garenoxacin is a fluoroquinolone against respiratory infections, not against urethritis in Japan. Its in-vitro antimicrobial activity against MG is known as similar to or higher than that of moxifloxacins. Garenoxa is a novel des-F(6) quinolone with a broad antimicrobial spectrum.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Garenoxacin mesylate is a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, approved and marketed for human use in Japan under the name Geninax."	( QbD-Based Development and Validation of Novel Stability-Indicating Method for the Assay and Dissolution of Garenoxacin in Garenoxacin Tablets. Azhakesan, A; Kuppusamy, S, 2022)	2.38
"Garenoxacin (GRNX) is a fluoroquinolone against respiratory infections, not against urethritis in Japan, but its in-vitro antimicrobial activity against MG is known as similar to or higher than that of moxifloxacin."	( The clinical efficacy of garenoxacin for male non-gonococcal urethritis. Egawa, S; Endo, K; Hosobe, T; Ito, S; Kiyota, H; Onodera, S; Shiono, Y; Yamada, H, 2020)	1.58
"Garenoxacin is a type of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents. "	( Pharmacokinetic study of garenoxacin in severe renal failure patients. Hagihara, M; Hamada, Y; Imai, H; Kimura, Y; Mikamo, H; Yamagishi, Y, 2015)	2.16
"Garenoxacin is a des-(6)-fluoroquinolone exhibiting a comparatively low chondrotoxic potential in juvenile animals. "	( Ultrastructural changes induced by the des-F(6)-quinolone garenoxacin (BMS-284756) and two fluoroquinolones in Achilles tendon from immature rats. Shakibaei, M; Stahlmann, R, 2003)	2.01
"Garenoxacin is a new des-F(6)-quinolone with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. "	( Effect of garenoxacin on eubacteria in the normal intestinal microflora when administered concomitantly with digoxin. Bello, A; Gajjar, DA; Grasela, DM; Meurling, L; Nord, CE; Russo, RL, 2003)	2.16
"Garenoxacin is a novel des-F(6)-quinolone with good anti-anaerobe activity. "	( Accumulation of garenoxacin by Bacteroides fragilis compared with that of five fluoroquinolones. Piddock, L; Ricci, V, 2003)	2.11
"Garenoxacin is a novel des-F(6)quinolone that has shown excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of clinically important microorganisms. "	( Comparative activity of garenoxacin and other agents by susceptibility and time-kill testing against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and respiratory pathogens. Esposito, S; Ianniello, F; Leone, S; Noviello, S, 2003)	2.07
"Garenoxacin is a novel quinolone that does not have a fluorine substituent at the C-6 position in the quinoline ring. "	( Metabolism and disposition of novel des-fluoro quinolone garenoxacin in experimental animals and an interspecies scaling of pharmacokinetic parameters. Fukumoto, H; Fukushima, Y; Hayakawa, H; Kadota, T; Kato, H; Kuroiwa, H; Nishigaki, J; Tsuji, A; Yamamoto, H, 2003)	2.01
"Garenoxacin is a new des-F(6)-quinolone with broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. "	( Pharmacodynamics of the new des-f(6)-quinolone garenoxacin in a murine thigh infection model. Andes, D; Craig, WA, 2003)	2.02
"Garenoxacin is a des-F(6)-quinolone with a broad antibacterial spectrum, which has previously been shown to exhibit low chondrotoxicity in juvenile dogs compared with several other quinolones. "	( Concentrations of the des-F(6)-quinolone garenoxacin in plasma and joint cartilage of immature rats. Baumann-Wilschke, I; Bello, A; Kastner, M; Rahm, U; Stahlmann, R, 2004)	2.03
"Garenoxacin is a novel des-F(6) quinolone with enhanced in vitro activities against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. "	( Activities of garenoxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model. Azoulay-Dupuis, E; Bédos, JP; Cherbuliez, C; Fantin, B; Isturiz, R; Köhler, T; Mohler, J; Moine, P; Péchère, JC; Peytavin, G; Rieux, V, 2004)	2.13
"Garenoxacin appears to be a widely usable and highly active agent against S."	( Bactericidal activity of garenoxacin tested by kill-curve methodology against wild type and QRDR mutant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Anderegg, TR; Jones, RN, 2004)	1.35
"Garenoxacin is a novel des-F(6)-quinolone with a chemical structure that lacks the C6 position fluorine and has a unique difluoromethoxy substitution at position C8. "	( In vitro activity of garenoxacin tested against a worldwide collection of ciprofloxacin-susceptible and ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains (1999-2004). Fritsche, TR; Jones, RN; Sader, HS, 2007)	2.1
"Garenoxacin appears to be a welcome addition to the CAP treatment options, particularly for the emerging MDR pneumococci strains."	( Garenoxacin activity against isolates form patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Fritsche, TR; Jones, RN; Sader, HS; Stilwell, MG, 2007)	2.5
"Garenoxacin is a novel des-F(6)-quinolone that exhibits broad-spectrum activity against a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic pathogens of clinical importance. "	( Tissue and fluid penetration of garenoxacin in surgical patients. Edmiston, CE; Gajjar, DA; Johnson, CP; Krepel, CJ; Krishna, G; Loehrl, TA; Otterson, MF; Seabrook, GR; Smith, TL; Towne, JB; Wackym, PA, 2007)	2.07
"Garenoxacin is a des-F(6)-quinolone with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and a favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile."	( Retrospective analysis of electrocardiographic changes after administration of oral or intravenous garenoxacin in five phase I, placebo-controlled studies in healthy volunteers. Grasela, DM; Krishna, G; Wang, Z, 2007)	1.28
"Garenoxacin is a des-F(6)-quinolone with in vitro activity against key respiratory pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis. "	( Oral garenoxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: a Phase II, multicenter, noncomparative, open-label study in adult patients undergoing sinus aspiration. Kostrica, R; Lopez Sisniega, J; Profant, M; Waskin, H, 2007)	2.3

Effects

Garenoxacin (GRNX) has been reported to be more effective than LVFX against gram-positive bacteria especially Streptococcus pneumoniae. No studies have compared the effectiveness of LVFX and GRNX.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Garenoxacin (GRNX) has been reported to be more effective than LVFX against gram-positive bacteria especially Streptococcus pneumoniae."	( [Comparison of garenoxacin and levofloxacin for the prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia]. Fujita, S; Hata, A; Kaji, R; Katakami, N; Kitajima, N; Masuda, Y; Ose, T; Takashima, K; Takeshita, J; Tanaka, K, 2014)	1.48
"Garenoxacin (GRNX), which has been investigated in Japan, has stronger antibacterial activity than LVFX against gram-positive bacteria; however, no studies have compared the effectiveness of LVFX and GRNX."	( Comparison of levofloxacin and garenoxacin for antibacterial prophylaxis during neutropenia. Akahoshi, Y; Ashizawa, M; Ishihara, Y; Kako, S; Kanda, J; Kanda, Y; Kawamura, K; Kikuchi, M; Kimura, SI; Machishima, T; Nakano, H; Nakasone, H; Nishida, J; Sakamoto, K; Sato, M; Terasako-Saito, K; Ugai, T; Wada, H; Yamasaki, R; Yamazaki, R, 2017)	1.46

Toxicity

Garenoxacin injected intravitreally appeared safe at concentrations of < or =4,000 microg/0. These results suggest that garenxacin is a highly effective and safe antimicrobial agent in the treatment of upper respiratory infections.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Garenoxacin injected intravitreally appeared safe at concentrations of < or =4,000 microg/0."	( Intravitreal toxicity of garenoxacin. Aydin, E; Dellacroce, JT; Esfahani, MR; Kazi, AA; Peyman, GA, 2006)	2.08
" There were 8 adverse events (8."	( Efficacy and safety of garenoxacin in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. Hatano, M; Ito, M; Kondo, S; Maruyama, Y; Miwa, T; Murono, S; Nakanishi, S; Wakisaka, N; Yoshizaki, T, 2012)	0.69
"These results suggest that garenoxacin is a highly effective and safe antimicrobial agent in the treatment of community-acquired upper respiratory infections."	( Efficacy and safety of garenoxacin in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. Hatano, M; Ito, M; Kondo, S; Maruyama, Y; Miwa, T; Murono, S; Nakanishi, S; Wakisaka, N; Yoshizaki, T, 2012)	0.99
" There were few differences in the frequency of adverse effects between the two groups."	( Effectiveness and safety of the pre-prescription of garenoxacin in comparison to moxifloxacin for low-risk febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Asano, Y; Kashiwagi, S; Nagayama, K; Noda, S; Ogawa, K; Ohira, M; Onoda, N; Takahashi, K; Takahashi, M; Takashima, T, 2019)	0.76
" No significant differences were observed in the incidence rates of drug-related adverse events between the sitafloxacin (20."	( The efficacy and safety of sitafloxacin and garenoxacin for the treatment of pneumonia in elderly patients: A randomized, multicenter, open-label trial. Fukuda, Y; Fukushima, K; Hashiguchi, K; Higashiyama, Y; Imamura, Y; Inoue, Y; Izumikawa, K; Kobayashi, T; Koga, H; Kohno, S; Kondo, A; Mikushi, S; Miyazaki, T; Morinaga, Y; Mukae, H; Nagayoshi, Y; Nakamura, S; Saijo, T; Sasaki, E; Takazono, T; Yamamoto, K; Yanagihara, K; Yoshida, M, 2019)	0.78

Pharmacokinetics

The bactericidal activity and resistance selectivity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae with mutations in ParC (S79F) or both GyrA (S81F) and ParC were investigated using in vitro pharmacokinetic models. The mean elimination half-life for garen Oxacin in plasma appeared to be independent of dose.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The mean peak concentration in plasma of 10."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and penetration of BMS 284756 into an inflammatory exudate. Andrews, JM; Gee, T; Marshall, G; Wise, R, 2002)	0.31
" The objective of this study was to define the pharmacodynamic profile of BMS-284756 against Streptococcus pneumoniae."	( Pharmacodynamics of a novel des-F(6)-quinolone, BMS-284756, against Streptococcus pneumoniae in the thigh infection model. Banevicius, M; Mattoes, HM; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Xuan, D, 2003)	0.32
" The mean elimination half-life for garenoxacin in plasma appeared to be independent of dose and ranged from 13."	( Multiple-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of oral garenoxacin in healthy subjects. Bello, A; Christopher, L; Gajjar, DA; Ge, Z; Grasela, DM, 2003)	0.85
" Metabolic profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated focusing on the species differences and the allometric scaling of pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Metabolism and disposition of novel des-fluoro quinolone garenoxacin in experimental animals and an interspecies scaling of pharmacokinetic parameters. Fukumoto, H; Fukushima, Y; Hayakawa, H; Kadota, T; Kato, H; Kuroiwa, H; Nishigaki, J; Tsuji, A; Yamamoto, H, 2003)	0.56
" Recent studies with a 103-compound dataset suggested that scaling from monkey pharmacokinetic data tended to be the most accurate method for predicting human clearance."	( Extrapolation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and molecular feature analysis of "discovery-like" molecules to predict human pharmacokinetics. Evans, CA; Jolivette, LJ; Nagilla, R; Ward, KW, 2006)	0.33
"The pharmacodynamic parameter that best correlates with bacteriological eradication for fluoroquinolones is the free (f) area under the 24 h serum concentration curve (AUC24) to MIC (fAUC24/MIC) ratio."	( Pharmacodynamic activity of garenoxacin against ciprofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Derkatch, S; Hoban, DJ; James, J; Laing, N; Noreddin, AM; Zhanel, GG, 2006)	0.63
" The in vitro pharmacodynamic model was inoculated with 1 x 10(6) cfu/mL and garenoxacin was dosed once daily at 0 and 24 h to simulate fAUC24 and t1/2 obtained after standard oral doses in healthy volunteers (400 mg once daily, free AUC24 20 mg."	( Pharmacodynamic activity of garenoxacin against ciprofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Derkatch, S; Hoban, DJ; James, J; Laing, N; Noreddin, AM; Zhanel, GG, 2006)	0.86
"Plasma and urine or dialysate samples were analyzed for garenoxacin, and single-dose pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated."	( Garenoxacin pharmacokinetics in subjects with renal impairment. Gajjar, D; Grasela, DM; Krishna, G; Marbury, T; Swan, S; Wang, Z, 2007)	2.03
" The terminal half-life was prolonged in subjects with severe renal impairment compared with healthy controls (26."	( Garenoxacin pharmacokinetics in subjects with renal impairment. Gajjar, D; Grasela, DM; Krishna, G; Marbury, T; Swan, S; Wang, Z, 2007)	1.78
"This study used Monte Carlo simulations to assess the potential for attainment of pharmacodynamic targets with the fluoroquinolones garenoxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in serum and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) from hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)."	( Comparative pharmacodynamics of garenoxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin in community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae: a Monte Carlo simulation analysis. Hoban, DJ; Noreddin, AM; Ostroski, M; Reese, AA; Zhanel, GG, 2007)	0.83
"Data on the free AUC over 24 hours (fAUC(0-24)), a measure of drug exposure, were derived from previously described population pharmacokinetic models for therapeutic doses of the 3 fluoroquinolones."	( Comparative pharmacodynamics of garenoxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin in community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae: a Monte Carlo simulation analysis. Hoban, DJ; Noreddin, AM; Ostroski, M; Reese, AA; Zhanel, GG, 2007)	0.62
" Plasma GRNX concentrations were determined and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by Bayesian predictions using reported population pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of garenoxacin in elderly patients with respiratory tract infections. Fujiuchi, S; Kishino, S; Morita, K; Ohsaki, Y; Okumura, S; Takeda, H, 2010)	0.68
"The bactericidal activity and resistance selectivity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae with mutations in ParC (S79F) or both GyrA (S81F) and ParC (D83Y and K137N) were investigated using in vitro pharmacokinetic models simulating plasma concentrations for a standard clinical regimen [400mg once daily (q."	( In vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of garenoxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Fukuda, Y; Nomura, N; Shinmura, Y; Sugiura, Y; Takahata, M, 2012)	0.89
" By measuring blood concentration of garenoxacin, pharmacodynamics parameters, such as the peak plasma concentration (C(max)) and the area under the concentration curve (AUC), were calculated with NONMEM."	( Pharmacokinetic study of garenoxacin in severe renal failure patients. Hagihara, M; Hamada, Y; Imai, H; Kimura, Y; Mikamo, H; Yamagishi, Y, 2015)	0.99

Bioavailability

The relative bioavailability of garenoxacin was not affected by administration as crushed tablets, regardless of enteral feeding. The low chondrotoxicity in comparison with other quinolones is unlikely to be explained by differences in the pharmacokinetics of these compounds.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Garenoxacin was well absorbed following oral administration then underwent phase II metabolism in all species tested."	( Metabolism and disposition of novel des-fluoro quinolone garenoxacin in experimental animals and an interspecies scaling of pharmacokinetic parameters. Fukumoto, H; Fukushima, Y; Hayakawa, H; Kadota, T; Kato, H; Kuroiwa, H; Nishigaki, J; Tsuji, A; Yamamoto, H, 2003)	1.47
" Since garenoxacin appeared to be well absorbed following oral administration and concentrations in cartilage tended to be higher than those in plasma, it is unlikely that the low chondrotoxicity in comparison with other quinolones is explained by differences in the pharmacokinetics of these compounds."	( Concentrations of the des-F(6)-quinolone garenoxacin in plasma and joint cartilage of immature rats. Baumann-Wilschke, I; Bello, A; Kastner, M; Rahm, U; Stahlmann, R, 2004)	1.04
" The current study was conducted to assess whether the bioavailability of garenoxacin was affected by administration as crushed tablets with and without concomitant enteral nutrition."	( Nasogastric administration of garenoxacin as crushed tablets with and without concomitant enteral feeding in healthy subjects. Grasela, D; Krishna, G; Noveck, R; Vargas, R; Wang, Z, 2007)	0.86
"25, suggesting that the bioavailability of garenoxacin was not affected by delivery of crushed tablets via NG tube, regardless of concomitant enteral feeding, compared with oral delivery of intact tablets."	( Nasogastric administration of garenoxacin as crushed tablets with and without concomitant enteral feeding in healthy subjects. Grasela, D; Krishna, G; Noveck, R; Vargas, R; Wang, Z, 2007)	0.89
"The relative bioavailability of garenoxacin was not affected by administration as crushed tablets, regardless of enteral feeding."	( Nasogastric administration of garenoxacin as crushed tablets with and without concomitant enteral feeding in healthy subjects. Grasela, D; Krishna, G; Noveck, R; Vargas, R; Wang, Z, 2007)	0.91
"The effect of coadministration of omeprazole on the bioavailability of oral garenoxacin was evaluated in an open-label study in 14 healthy subjects."	( The effect of omeprazole on the bioavailability and safety of garenoxacin in healthy volunteers. Grasela, DM; Kisicki, JC; Krishna, G; Olsen, S; Wang, Z, 2007)	0.81
" Pharmacokinetic parameters such as oral clearance, oral volume of distribution of the central compartment, time to reach maximum plasma concentration, absorption rate constant, and half-life in humans were predicted from animals using allometric scaling."	( Prediction of Plasma Concentration-time Profiles of Drugs in Humans from Animals Following Oral Administration: An Allometric Approach. Mahmood, I, 2016)	0.43

Dosage Studied

This was a retrospective analysis of 5 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. 224 healthy volunteers received oral or intravenous garenoxacin (50-1200 mg/d) for 1 to 28 days' dosing duration. Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling and Monte Carlo simulations were used to optimize dosage regimens.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Eight subjects were assigned to each of five dose panels (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1200 mg BMS-284756) and received daily oral dosing with either BMS-284756 (n = 6) or placebo (n = 2) for 14 days."	( Ecological impact of the des-F(6)-quinolone, BMS-284756, on the normal intestinal microflora. Gajjar, DA; Grasela, DM; Nord, CE, 2002)	0.31
" Its spectrum remains equivalent only if dosing schedules substantiate a proposed susceptible breakpoint of < or =4 mg/L."	( Comparative antimicrobial spectrum and activity of the desfluoroquinolone BMS284756 (T-3811) tested against non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli. Biedenbach, DJ; Howard, W; Jones, RN, 2002)	0.31
" Sixteen hours after inoculation, therapy was given by intravenous administration of BMS at 20 mg/kg of body weight, followed 5 h later by administration at a dosage of 10 mg/kg (n = 9 animals) or MOX as two doses of 20 mg/kg every 5 h (n = 8 animals)."	( Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) and moxifloxacin in experimental meningitis caused by vancomycin-tolerant pneumococci. Barton, T; Bowlware, K; Hardy, RD; Iglehart, J; Katz, K; McCoig, CC; McCracken, GH; Michelow, IC; Rodriguez-Cerrato, V; Saavedra, J, 2003)	1.76
" The corresponding values for the geometric mean area under the concentration-time curve over the dosing interval (AUC(tau)) for garenoxacin in plasma at the 100- and 1200-mg doses were within the ranges of 11."	( Multiple-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of oral garenoxacin in healthy subjects. Bello, A; Christopher, L; Gajjar, DA; Ge, Z; Grasela, DM, 2003)	0.78
"7) CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae strain ATCC 10813 or Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 33591 per thigh when they were treated for 24 h with garenoxacin at a dose of 4 to 128 mg/kg/day fractionated for 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hour dosing regimens."	( Pharmacodynamics of the new des-f(6)-quinolone garenoxacin in a murine thigh infection model. Andes, D; Craig, WA, 2003)	0.78
" Additional groups of rats were orally dosed with 600 mg/kg ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin."	( Concentrations of the des-F(6)-quinolone garenoxacin in plasma and joint cartilage of immature rats. Baumann-Wilschke, I; Bello, A; Kastner, M; Rahm, U; Stahlmann, R, 2004)	0.59
"The emergence of resistance to antibiotics is a serious problem often related to suboptimal drug dosing; such suboptimal dosing results in the preferential killing of drug-susceptible microbial subpopulations, allowing amplification of drug-resistant microbial subpopulations."	( Bacterial-population responses to drug-selective pressure: examination of garenoxacin's effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Deziel, MR; Drusano, GL; Leary, R; Liu, W; Louie, A; Tam, VH, 2005)	0.56
" pneumoniae, MPC results were below susceptible breakpoints and within clinically achievable and sustainable drug concentrations for >24 hours of the dosing interval against."	( Comparison of the minimum inhibitory, mutant prevention and minimum bactericidal concentrations of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and garenoxacin against enteric Gram-negative urinary tract infection pathogens. Blondeau, JM; Hansen, GT, 2005)	0.53
" The in vitro pharmacodynamic model was inoculated with 1 x 10(6) cfu/mL and garenoxacin was dosed once daily at 0 and 24 h to simulate fAUC24 and t1/2 obtained after standard oral doses in healthy volunteers (400 mg once daily, free AUC24 20 mg."	( Pharmacodynamic activity of garenoxacin against ciprofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Derkatch, S; Hoban, DJ; James, J; Laing, N; Noreddin, AM; Zhanel, GG, 2006)	0.86
"This was a retrospective analysis of 5 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in which 224 healthy volunteers received oral or intravenous garenoxacin (50-1200 mg/d) for 1 to 28 days' dosing duration (	( Retrospective analysis of electrocardiographic changes after administration of oral or intravenous garenoxacin in five phase I, placebo-controlled studies in healthy volunteers. Grasela, DM; Krishna, G; Wang, Z, 2007)	0.75
" Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling and Monte Carlo simulations were used to optimize garenoxacin dosage regimens."	( Optimal dose finding of garenoxacin based on population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and Monte Carlo simulation. Nozawa, K; Tanigawara, Y; Tsuda, H, 2012)	0.9
" We were able to show that the optimal garenoxacin dosage regimens were successfully determined using prospective population PK/PD analysis and clinical trial simulations."	( Optimal dose finding of garenoxacin based on population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and Monte Carlo simulation. Nozawa, K; Tanigawara, Y; Tsuda, H, 2012)	0.96
" In this case, the drug-exposure AUC, exposure concentration × 24 μg h/ml, was 64-128 % for GRNX and 121 % for LVFX of free AUC at the clinical dosage in humans, respectively."	( Bactericidal activity of garenoxacin against in vitro biofilm formed by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Fukuda, Y; Nomura, N; Shinmura, Y; Sugiura, Y; Takahata, M, 2013)	0.69
" The effect of garenoxacin mesylate API particle size in the tablet dosage form was studied using particles of 92 µm and 220 µm [90% of the total particles are smaller than this size (D90)] and it was found that there was no impact on the in vitro dissolution profile."	( QbD-Based Development and Validation of Novel Stability-Indicating Method for the Assay and Dissolution of Garenoxacin in Garenoxacin Tablets. Azhakesan, A; Kuppusamy, S, 2022)	1.29

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Role	Description
antibacterial drug	A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug	An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
quinolone antibiotic	An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	Any aromatic carboxylic acid that contains a quinoline moiety that is substituted by one carboxy substituent.
organofluorine compound	An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.
cyclopropanes	Cyclopropane and its derivatives formed by substitution.
aromatic ether	Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.
isoindoles
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.5893	0.3548	7.9355	39.8107	AID624170
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID285725	Antibacterial activity against VanB-resistant Enterococcus faecalis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285799	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285720	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-intermediate resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID560149	Antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates harboring gyrA gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sitafloxacin activity against Helicobacter pylori isolates, including those with gyrA mutations.
AID285743	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559208	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S001	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285800	Antimicrobial activity against Bacteroides distasonis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID438298	Inhibition of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 5204 PBP2X preincubated for 4 hrs before addition of substrate (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19	Discovery of new inhibitors of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2x by structure-based virtual screening.
AID1398606	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 18 hrs by two-fold microbroth dilution method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16	Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 7-[(3 aS,7 aS)-3 a-Aminohexahydropyrano[3,4- c]pyrrol-2(3 H)-yl]-8-methoxyquinolines with Potent Antibacterial Activity against Respiratory Pathogens.
AID285760	Antibacterial activity against Burkholderia cepacia	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID1557288	Antibacterial activity against Clostridium perfringens by agar diffusion method	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID1557281	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella by agar diffusion method	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID285764	Antibacterial activity against Bacteroides fragilis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559203	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S004 harboring wild-type parC and gyrA Gly85Asn mutant genes	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID728913	Antibacterial activity against Mycoplasma pneumoniae 18-1 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-14, Volume: 56, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of novel 7-[7-amino-7-methyl-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl]-8-methoxyquinolines with potent antibacterial activity against respiratory pathogens.
AID285723	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID271593	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli EC2549	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID560147	Antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates harboring gyrA Asp91 mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sitafloxacin activity against Helicobacter pylori isolates, including those with gyrA mutations.
AID559216	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S001 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC79 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID559229	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S002 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA81 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285782	Antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID279555	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by broth macrodilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	The relationship between quinolone exposures and resistance amplification is characterized by an inverted U: a new paradigm for optimizing pharmacodynamics to counterselect resistance.
AID324747	Antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium leprae at 5 ug/mL after 11 to 18 days	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Expression and purification of an active form of the Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrase and its inhibition by quinolones.
AID285719	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285731	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus gallinarum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559209	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S002	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285739	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive Moraxella catarrhalis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285730	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus casseliflavus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285744	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559226	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W001 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA81 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID456043	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID324745	Inhibition of Mycobacterium leprae recombinant DNA gyrase expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as inhibition of pBR322 DNA supercoiling	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Expression and purification of an active form of the Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrase and its inhibition by quinolones.
AID559206	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W001	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID560146	Antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates harboring gyrA Asn87 mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sitafloxacin activity against Helicobacter pylori isolates, including those with gyrA mutations.
AID1427527	Effective permeability of the compound at pH 7.4 after 18 hrs by PAMPA	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-15, Volume: 25, Issue:6	Multifunctional thioxanthone derivatives with acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidases and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitory activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease.
AID285767	Antibacterial activity against Clostridium difficile	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285761	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285754	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID560148	Antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates harboring mutation in gyrA gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sitafloxacin activity against Helicobacter pylori isolates, including those with gyrA mutations.
AID540226	Clearance in monkey after iv administration	2006	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 34, Issue:7	Extrapolation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and molecular feature analysis of "discovery-like" molecules to predict human pharmacokinetics.
AID285768	Antibacterial activity against Clostridium perfringens	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID1557285	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae by agar diffusion method	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID285749	Antibacterial activity against Morganella morganii	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285775	Antibacterial activity against Peptostreptococcus prevotii	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID456028	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae J-24 after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID540224	Clearance in dog after iv administration	2006	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 34, Issue:7	Extrapolation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and molecular feature analysis of "discovery-like" molecules to predict human pharmacokinetics.
AID433402	Inhibition of Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrase subunit A A91V mutant assessed as DNA supercoiling inhibition	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Are all the DNA gyrase mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae clinical strains involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones?
AID559220	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W002 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC83 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285741	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter diversus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID456042	Antibacterial activity against levofloxacin, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID559221	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S002 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC83 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285738	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase negative Moraxella catarrhalis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285705	Antibacterial activity against oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID1888649	Antibacterial activity against wild type Staphylococcus aureus assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 57	Synthesis and evaluation of dual-action kanglemycin-fluoroquinolone hybrid antibiotics.
AID285706	Antibacterial activity against oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285780	Antibacterial activity against Prevotella oralis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID556012	Antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori harboring gyrA mutant gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Sitafloxacin and garenoxacin may overcome the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori with gyrA mutation.
AID271587	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli EC1-10	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID285753	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID456044	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-intermediate resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID279553	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 by broth macrodilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	The relationship between quinolone exposures and resistance amplification is characterized by an inverted U: a new paradigm for optimizing pharmacodynamics to counterselect resistance.
AID285736	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive Haemophilus influenzae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285722	Antibacterial activity against levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559215	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W002 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC79 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID271608	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes C203 SP1-1	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID456052	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase Ser84Leu mutant to IC50 for Staphylococcus aureus wild type DNA gyrase	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID285755	Antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID433580	Inhibition of Mycobacterium leprae wild type DNA gyrase subunit B D205N mutant assessed as formation of DNA cleavable complex	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Are all the DNA gyrase mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae clinical strains involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones?
AID285707	Antibacterial activity against oxacillin and levofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285762	Antibacterial activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID728910	Antibacterial activity against Chlamydophila pneumoniae CM-1 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-14, Volume: 56, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of novel 7-[7-amino-7-methyl-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl]-8-methoxyquinolines with potent antibacterial activity against respiratory pathogens.
AID285776	Antibacterial activity against Prevotella bivia	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285733	Antibacterial activity against Corynebacterium jeikeium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559243	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S004 harboring wild-type parC and gyrA Gly85Asn mutant genes assessed as mutation prevention concentration after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285735	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase negative Haemophilus influenzae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559234	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S002 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA85 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID433579	Inhibition of Mycobacterium leprae wild type DNA gyrase subunit A A91V mutant assessed as formation of DNA cleavable complex	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Are all the DNA gyrase mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae clinical strains involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones?
AID1557279	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli by agar diffusion method	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID285715	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285772	Antibacterial activity against Peptostreptococcus anaerobius	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285750	Antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285717	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus bovis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID1557303	Cmax in human at 0.4 g, po	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID559242	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S003 harboring wild-type parC and gyrA Ser81Phe mutant genes assessed as mutation prevention concentration after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID322985	Antimicrobial activity against macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae with 23S rRNA A2063G mutant isolate 1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Activity of Garenoxacin against Macrolide-Susceptible and -Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AID433401	Inhibition of Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrase subunit A G89C mutant assessed as DNA supercoiling inhibition	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Are all the DNA gyrase mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae clinical strains involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones?
AID271594	Antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae HI3542	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID559233	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S001 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA85 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID456030	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mitis IID685 after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID1557282	Antibacterial activity against Bacteroides fragilis by agar diffusion method	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID285708	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559212	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D001	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285732	Antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559218	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S004 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC79 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285777	Antibacterial activity against Prevotella buccae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285758	Antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID271591	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID285718	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus sanguis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285711	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus haemolyticus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID456031	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID285765	Antibacterial activity against Bacteroides ovatus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559227	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W002 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA81 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285709	Antibacterial activity against oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID1557306	Protein binding in human at 0.4 g, po	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID271595	Antibacterial activity against Moraxella catarrhalis BC-3531	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID1427528	Permeability of the compound at 100 ug/ml after 18 hrs by PAMPA	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-15, Volume: 25, Issue:6	Multifunctional thioxanthone derivatives with acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidases and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitory activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease.
AID456046	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID559236	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S004 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA85 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285785	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mitis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285778	Antibacterial activity against Prevotella corporis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285779	Antibacterial activity against Prevotella melaninogenica	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID521101	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus sp. 'group B' isolate 16 harboring gyrA Ser81Leu mutant, parC Ser79Tyr mutant and parE Ileu495Leu mutant gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in group B streptococcal isolates in Taiwan.
AID559200	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S001 harboring parC Asp83Asn mutant and wild-type gyrA genes	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID322987	Antimicrobial activity against macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae with 23S rRNA A2064G mutant isolate 2	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Activity of Garenoxacin against Macrolide-Susceptible and -Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AID521102	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus sp. 'group B' isolate 9 harboring gyrA Ser81Leu mutant, parC Ser79Tyr mutant and parE Ileu495Leu mutant gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in group B streptococcal isolates in Taiwan.
AID271599	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SA2554	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID559237	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D002 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA85 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID559230	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D001 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA81 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285746	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella oxytoca	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285745	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285759	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter sp.	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285734	Antibacterial activity against Corynebacterium sp.	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285710	Antibacterial activity against oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285752	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559232	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W002 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA85 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID728909	Antibacterial activity against levofloxacin-intermediate and levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-14, Volume: 56, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of novel 7-[7-amino-7-methyl-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl]-8-methoxyquinolines with potent antibacterial activity against respiratory pathogens.
AID559239	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W002 harboring wild-type parC and gyrA genes assessed as mutation prevention concentration after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID456047	Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus wild type DNA topoisomerase 4	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID271604	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis EF1-3524	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID285714	Antibacterial activity against Alloiococcus otitidis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559210	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S003	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285737	Antibacterial activity against Legionella pneumophila	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285748	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive Klebsiella pneumoniae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559207	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W002	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285770	Antibacterial activity against Fusobacterium necrophorum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID540229	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2006	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 34, Issue:7	Extrapolation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and molecular feature analysis of "discovery-like" molecules to predict human pharmacokinetics.
AID559202	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S003 harboring wild-type parC and gyrA Ser81Phe mutant genes	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285716	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285727	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID456050	Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus wild type DNA gyrase	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID279554	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by broth macrodilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	The relationship between quinolone exposures and resistance amplification is characterized by an inverted U: a new paradigm for optimizing pharmacodynamics to counterselect resistance.
AID1557287	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus by agar diffusion method	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID433404	Inhibition of Mycobacterium leprae wild type DNA gyrase A2B2 assessed as formation of DNA cleavable complex	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Are all the DNA gyrase mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae clinical strains involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones?
AID285721	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285781	Antibacterial activity against Prevotella sp.	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559223	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S004 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC83 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285740	Antibacterial activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285771	Antibacterial activity against Fusobacterium sp.	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID1557283	Antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae with horse blood by agar diffusion method	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID285784	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus salivarius	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID1557280	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agar diffusion method	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID456045	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID285786	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus viridans	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID1888648	Antibacterial activity against rifampicin resistant Staphylococcus aureus harboring RpoBH481Y mutant assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 57	Synthesis and evaluation of dual-action kanglemycin-fluoroquinolone hybrid antibiotics.
AID285766	Antibacterial activity against Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285728	Antibacterial activity against VanA-resistant Enterococcus faecium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID559211	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S004	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285747	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID540223	Volume of distribution at steady state in rat after iv administration	2006	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 34, Issue:7	Extrapolation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and molecular feature analysis of "discovery-like" molecules to predict human pharmacokinetics.
AID559217	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S003 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC79 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID559224	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D001 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC83 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID271602	Antibacterial activity against ciprofolxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2017	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID271589	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia ESBL KP3729	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID324754	Antibacterial activity in Mycobacterium leprae infected mouse foot-pad model assessed as parasite killing after 9 months	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Expression and purification of an active form of the Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrase and its inhibition by quinolones.
AID285757	Antibacterial activity against Shigella sonnei	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID271607	Antibacterial activity against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia SP3763	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID285726	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase positive Enterococcus faecalis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID520617	Antimicrobial activity against Nocardia brasiliensis HUJEG-1 by broth macrodilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vivo therapeutic effect of gatifloxacin on BALB/c mice infected with Nocardia brasiliensis.
AID456027	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis 56500 after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID271588	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia KP2	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID271600	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SA2558	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID559238	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W001 harboring wild-type parC and gyrA genes assessed as mutation prevention concentration after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID324746	Effect on Mycobacterium leprae recombinant DNA gyrase expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as enhancement of supercoiled pBR322 DNA cleavage	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Expression and purification of an active form of the Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrase and its inhibition by quinolones.
AID456049	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for Staphylococcus aureus DNA topoisomerase 4 Ser80Phe mutant to IC50 for Staphylococcus aureus wild type DNA topoisomerase 4	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID279556	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 by broth macrodilution method at 48 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	The relationship between quinolone exposures and resistance amplification is characterized by an inverted U: a new paradigm for optimizing pharmacodynamics to counterselect resistance.
AID285712	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID322986	Antimicrobial activity against macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae with 23S rRNA A2063G mutant isolate 6	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Activity of Garenoxacin against Macrolide-Susceptible and -Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AID271601	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA1417	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID279558	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at 48 hrs by broth macrodilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	The relationship between quinolone exposures and resistance amplification is characterized by an inverted U: a new paradigm for optimizing pharmacodynamics to counterselect resistance.
AID559241	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S002 harboring parC Ser79Phe mutant and wild-type gyrA genes assessed as mutation prevention concentration after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285756	Antibacterial activity against Shigella flexneri	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID285742	Antibacterial activity against Citrobacter freundii	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID433400	Inhibition of Mycobacterium leprae wild type DNA gyrase A2B2 assessed as DNA supercoiling inhibition	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Are all the DNA gyrase mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae clinical strains involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones?
AID559240	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S001 harboring parC Asp83Asn mutant and wild-type gyrA genes assessed as mutation prevention concentration after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID456029	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes G-36 after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID271598	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SA2552	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID285724	Antibacterial activity against VanA-resistant Enterococcus faecalis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID271606	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumonia SVI SP3	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID433403	Inhibition of Mycobacterium leprae wild type DNA gyrase subunit B D205N mutant assessed as DNA supercoiling inhibition	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Are all the DNA gyrase mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae clinical strains involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones?
AID271590	Antibacterial activity against Providencia rettgeri PR9	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID1557284	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus by agar diffusion method	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID1557286	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes by agar diffusion method	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID285763	Antibacterial activity against Actinomyces sp.	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID1888652	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 57	Synthesis and evaluation of dual-action kanglemycin-fluoroquinolone hybrid antibiotics.
AID559244	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D001 harboring parC Ser79Phe and gyrA Gly85Lys mutant genes assessed as mutation prevention concentration after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID559213	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D002	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID540228	Clearance in human after iv administration	2006	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 34, Issue:7	Extrapolation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and molecular feature analysis of "discovery-like" molecules to predict human pharmacokinetics.
AID285773	Antibacterial activity against Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID456032	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli NIHJ after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID1888651	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus harboring RpoBH481Y/ParCS80F/GyrAS84L triple mutant assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 57	Synthesis and evaluation of dual-action kanglemycin-fluoroquinolone hybrid antibiotics.
AID559204	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D001 harboring parC Ser79Phe and gyrA Gly85Lys mutant genes	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID1557305	Half life in human at 0.4 g, po	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID559235	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S003 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA85 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID559205	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D002 harboring parC Ser79Phe and gyrA Ser81Phe mutant genes	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID433578	Inhibition of Mycobacterium leprae wild type DNA gyrase subunit A G89A mutant assessed as formation of DNA cleavable complex	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Are all the DNA gyrase mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae clinical strains involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones?
AID559225	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D002 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC83 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID322988	Antimicrobial activity against macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae with 23S rRNA A2064G mutant isolate 4	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Activity of Garenoxacin against Macrolide-Susceptible and -Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AID559222	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S003 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC83 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID559004	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W001 harboring wild-type parC and gyrA genes	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285783	Antibacterial activity against Neisseria meningitidis	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID540227	Volume of distribution at steady state in monkey after iv administration	2006	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 34, Issue:7	Extrapolation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and molecular feature analysis of "discovery-like" molecules to predict human pharmacokinetics.
AID271592	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli EC2026	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID285729	Antibacterial activity against VanB-resistant Enterococcus faecium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID456034	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID279557	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at 48 hrs by broth macrodilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	The relationship between quinolone exposures and resistance amplification is characterized by an inverted U: a new paradigm for optimizing pharmacodynamics to counterselect resistance.
AID285713	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus warneri	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID521103	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus sp. 'group B' isolate 1 harboring gyrA Glu85Lys mutant, parC Ser79Tyr mutant and parE Ileu495Leu mutant gene by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in group B streptococcal isolates in Taiwan.
AID456048	Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus DNA topoisomerase 4 Ser80Phe mutant	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID540225	Volume of distribution at steady state in dog after iv administration	2006	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 34, Issue:7	Extrapolation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and molecular feature analysis of "discovery-like" molecules to predict human pharmacokinetics.
AID322982	Antimicrobial activity against macrolide-susceptible Mycoplasma pneumoniae FH	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Activity of Garenoxacin against Macrolide-Susceptible and -Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AID1557304	AUC in human at 0.4 g, po	2019	MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 10, Issue:10	Quinolone antibiotics.
AID559245	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae D002 harboring parC Ser79Phe and gyrA Ser81Phe mutant genes assessed as mutation prevention concentration after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285774	Antibacterial activity against Peptostreptococcus magnus	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID728912	Antibacterial activity against Mycoplasma pneumoniae ATCC 29085 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-14, Volume: 56, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of novel 7-[7-amino-7-methyl-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl]-8-methoxyquinolines with potent antibacterial activity against respiratory pathogens.
AID322983	Antimicrobial activity against macrolide-susceptible Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mac	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Activity of Garenoxacin against Macrolide-Susceptible and -Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AID285769	Antibacterial activity against Fusobacterium nucleatum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID456033	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae type 2 after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID438297	Inhibition of penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 PBP2X preincubated for 1 hr before addition of substrate (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19	Discovery of new inhibitors of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2x by structure-based virtual screening.
AID559214	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W001 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC79 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID728911	Antibacterial activity against Chlamydophila pneumoniae AR39 after 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-14, Volume: 56, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of novel 7-[7-amino-7-methyl-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl]-8-methoxyquinolines with potent antibacterial activity against respiratory pathogens.
AID559005	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W002 harboring wild-type parC and gyrA genes	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID559219	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W001 assessed as resistant isolates with ParC83 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID559228	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S001 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA81 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID285751	Antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo activities of PD 0305970 and PD 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups.
AID322984	Antimicrobial activity against macrolide-susceptible Mycoplasma pneumoniae M129	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Activity of Garenoxacin against Macrolide-Susceptible and -Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AID433583	Selectivity index, ratio of CC25 for Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrase subunit A A91V mutant to CC25 for Mycobacterium leprae wild type DNA gyrase A2B2 by DNA cleavage assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Are all the DNA gyrase mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae clinical strains involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones?
AID559201	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae S002 harboring parC Ser79Phe mutant and wild-type gyrA genes	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID271597	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus UC-76 SA-1	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID540222	Clearance in rat after iv administration	2006	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 34, Issue:7	Extrapolation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and molecular feature analysis of "discovery-like" molecules to predict human pharmacokinetics.
AID559231	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae W001 assessed as resistant isolates with GyrA85 mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
AID456051	Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase Ser84Leu mutant	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID271596	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SA1417	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID271605	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium EF4-3489	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
AID1888650	Antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin resistant Staphylococcus aureus harboring ParCS80F and GyrAS84L double mutant assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 57	Synthesis and evaluation of dual-action kanglemycin-fluoroquinolone hybrid antibiotics.
AID456026	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209-P after 18 hrs by twofold microbroth dilution method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
AID271603	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis MGH2 EF1-1	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-02, Volume: 49, Issue:22	3-aminoquinazolinediones as a new class of antibacterial agents demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against wild-type and multidrug resistant organisms.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	141 (74.21)	29.6817
2010's	45 (23.68)	24.3611
2020's	4 (2.11)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	19 (9.74%)	5.53%
Reviews	5 (2.56%)	6.00%
Case Studies	10 (5.13%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	161 (82.56%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	3.21	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	2.15	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.03	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	2.03	1	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
caffeine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.47	2	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.03	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	6.99	37	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.15	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.15	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	7.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	4.58	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.03	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.15	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
iproniazid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	4.22	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.02	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.03	1	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nalidixic acid [no description available]	4.77	3	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.03	1	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	4.98	4	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	6.6	25	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	8.83	2	1	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.15	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.	2.44	2	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.03	1	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	6.45	21	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.03	1	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.07	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.47	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	3.39	1	1	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.05	1	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	8.76	89	6	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.41	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	9.14	3	1	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.03	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	2.02	1	0	penicillanic acids
quinoline [no description available]	2.46	2	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	3.21	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	3.21	1	0	indazole
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	3.21	1	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	3.58	2	0
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.01	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	8.27	6	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.02	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	3.17	5	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.03	1	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.02	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.03	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.03	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.03	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
temafloxacin temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	4.5	2	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound
clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl	4.97	4	0	quinolines
sparfloxacin [no description available]	5.15	5	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	5.75	10	0
cefprozil [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	2.66	2	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
fropenem [no description available]	2.05	1	0	faropenem
pazufloxacin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	quinolines
balofloxacin balofloxacin: showed potent bactericidal activity & inhibited the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase of S. aureus, E. coli, & P aeruginosa; structure given in first source	2.41	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.13	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
arbekacin arbekacin: structure given in first source. arbekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring.	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside; kanamycins	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
epiroprim epiroprim: an analog of trimethoprim with improved antimicrobial and pharmacokinetic properties; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.05	1	0	carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole	antibacterial drug
sanfetrinem sanfetrinem: orally absorbed hexetil ester of GV-104326	2.05	1	0
panipenem panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
grepafloxacin grepafloxacin: structure in first source	4.22	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	3.84	3	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	3	4	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.44	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
sulbactam [no description available]	8.47	1	1	penicillanic acids
carbapenems [no description available]	2.01	1	0
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	2.7	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	8.36	36	1	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	2.01	1	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	6.69	27	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	2.06	1	0
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.5	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
linezolid [no description available]	3.14	5	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
sultamicillin sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam	3.47	1	1	penicillanic acid ester
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.08	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyfluthrin cethromycin: a ketolide;. cethromycin : A macrolide antibiotic which displays in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is currently under investigation for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have also granted orphan drug designation to cethromycin for the treatment of anthrax prophylaxis, tularemia, and plague (PDB entry: 1NWX).	2.01	1	0
sitafloxacin [no description available]	7.73	3	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.21	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
abt 492 WQ 3034: structure in first source	3.21	1	0
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	8.4	1	1	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
rasagiline [no description available]	2.15	1	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	2	1	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
s 1108 S 1108: structure given in first source; an oral cephem antibiotic and prodrug of S-1006	2.21	1	0
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	2.05	1	0	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.03	1	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
cefuroxime [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture	3.42	1	1
cefpodoxime [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
s 1006 S 1006: structure given in first source. cefcapene : A cephalosporin compound having (carbamoyloxy)methyl and N-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pent-2-enoyl]amino side-groups. It is used (generally as the corresponnding pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug) as an oral antibacterial.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; enamide; secondary carboxamide	antibacterial drug
nitrocefin nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source	2.05	1	0
cefditoren pivoxil [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephams; oxime O-ether; pivaloyloxymethyl ester	antibacterial drug; prodrug
cefdinir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; ketoxime	antibacterial drug
sitafloxacin sitafloxacin: structure in first source	4.7	6	1
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	5.33	6	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
osu 6162 OSU 6162: reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias without inducing akinesia	2.03	1	0
tebipenem tebipenem: an oral carbapenem antibiotic, against penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
mk-0429 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
rwj 54428 RWJ 54428: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
besifloxacin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	quinolines
levovirin valinate hydrochloride levovirin valinate hydrochloride: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
da-7867 DA-7867: structure in first source	7.02	1	0
pd 0305970 [no description available]	2.44	2	0
ru 66647 telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;	2.06	1	0
nemonoxacin nemonoxacin: has antibacterial activity	2.13	1	0	quinolines
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	2.46	2	0
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS.	2.02	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.06	1	0
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.43	2	0
piroxicam [no description available]	2.15	1	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tigecycline [no description available]	2.01	1	0
kibdelomycin kibdelomycin: an antibiotic that inhibits both gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV; isolated from Kibdelosporangium; structure in first source	3.21	1	0
azd0914 zoliflodacin: a DNA gyrase inhibitor for treatment of gonorrhea	3.21	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.03	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	2.13	1	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
ceftobiprole ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; thiadiazoles	antimicrobial agent

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	0	4.32	4	1
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	4.32	4	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.28	6	0
Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	7.32	13	2
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	7.32	13	2
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	2.15	1	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	3.73	10	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	3.73	10	0
Urethritis Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.	0	7.25	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	0	3.15	5	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	2.97	4	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	3.06	1	0
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	0	6.23	12	3
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	0	10.97	9	1
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	0	5.97	9	1
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	0	2.17	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	0	2.17	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	3.87	2	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	2.17	1	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	0	7.17	1	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	3.87	2	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
External Ear Inflammation [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Oral Fistula An abnormal passage within the mouth communicating between two or more anatomical structures.	0	2.17	1	0
Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.	0	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.17	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	2.17	1	0
Otitis Externa Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.	0	2.17	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	7.21	1	0
Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia FEVER accompanied by a significant reduction in NEUTROPHIL count associated with CHEMOTHERAPY.	0	2.21	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	2.21	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	4.18	3	1
Deficiency, Factor 5 [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	2.21	1	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	9.18	3	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	3.89	2	1
Hansen Disease [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	0	2.08	1	0
Co-infection [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	0	2.1	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2.73	3	0
Mycoplasma dispar Infection [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	2.1	1	0
Febrile Neutropenia Fever accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of NEUTROPHILS.	0	7.51	2	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	6.28	13	1
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	1	8.28	13	1
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	2.11	1	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	4.14	3	1
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Drop Attack [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	0	2.13	1	0
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	0	2.13	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	3.5	1	1
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	3.5	1	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.13	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	3.53	1	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	4.42	2	2
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	3.53	1	1
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	0	8.53	1	1
ENT Diseases [description not available]	0	3.66	3	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	3.41	7	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	3.41	7	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	7.05	1	0
Torsade de Pointes [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	0	2.06	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	0	2.06	1	0
Infection, Pelvic [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	2.07	1	0
Laryngitis Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.	0	3.46	1	1
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	0	3.46	1	1
Sore Throat [description not available]	0	3.46	1	1
Sinus Infections [description not available]	0	3.83	2	1
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	0	3.46	1	1
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	0	3.46	1	1
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	3.83	2	1
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	0	7.07	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	2.07	1	0
Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	0	2.42	2	0
Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)	0	7.71	3	0
Bacteroides Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.	0	2.01	1	0
Abscess, Abdominal [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Abdominal Abscess An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.01	1	0
Bites [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Infections, Pasteurella [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	0	2.42	2	0
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	0	2.01	1	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	0	2.01	1	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	0	2.01	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	4.78	7	1
Bacterial Meningitides [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.	0	2.01	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	2.42	2	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	0	3.4	1	1
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	2.01	1	0
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	0	2.43	2	0
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	0	2.02	1	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	2.02	1	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	2.71	3	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	3.42	1	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	3.42	1	1
Actinomycetoma [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Mycetoma A chronic progressive subcutaneous infection caused by species of fungi (eumycetoma), or actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). It is characterized by tumefaction, abscesses, and tumor-like granules representing microcolonies of pathogens, such as MADURELLA fungi and bacteria ACTINOMYCETES, with different grain colors.	0	2.03	1	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	0	2.03	1	0
Sinusitis, Maxillary [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Maxillary Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	0	8.42	1	1
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Meningitis, Pneumococcal An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)	0	2.41	2	0
Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.	0	2	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	3.39	1	1
Infections, Neisseriaceae [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	0	2.01	1	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	0	2.01	1	0

garenoxacin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (50)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (6)

Protein Targets (1)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (246)

Research

Studies (190)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 48.81

Study Types

garenoxacin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (50)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (6)

Protein Targets (1)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (246)

Research

Studies (190)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 48.81

Study Types

Related Drugs (139)

Related Conditions (144)