Compounds > taxane
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taxane

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Description

taxane: produced by Taxomyces andreanae [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID9548828
CHEBI ID36064
MeSH IDM0215357

Synonyms (12)

Synonym
1605-68-1
(4r,4ar,6s,9r,10s,12ar)-tetradecahydro-4,9,12a,13,13-pentamethyl-6,10-methanobenzocyclodecene
CHEBI:36064
(4r-(4alpha,4abeta,6alpha,9alpha,10alpha,12aalpha))-tetradecahydro-4,9,12a,13,13-pentamethyl-6,10-methanobenzocyclodecene
taxane
6,10-methanobenzocyclodecene, tetradecahydro-4,9,12a,13,13-pentamethyl-, (4r-(4alpha,4abeta,6alpha,9alpha,10alpha,12aalpha))-
6,10-methanobenzocyclodecene, tetradecahydro-4,9,12a,13,13-pentamethyl-, (4r,4ar,6s,9r,10s,12ar)-
bay59-8862
DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N
DTXSID70936327
Q27116688
(1s,3r,4r,8s,11s,12r)-4,8,12,15,15-pentamethyltricyclo[9.3.1.03,8]pentadecane

Research Excerpts

Overview

Taxanes are a class of chemotherapeutic agents with common associated dermatologic adverse events, such as skin hyperpigmentation, hand-foot skin syndrome, paronychia and onycholysis. Taxanes are an essential class of antineoplastic agents used to treat various cancers.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Taxanes are a class of chemotherapeutic agents with common associated dermatologic adverse events, such as skin hyperpigmentation, hand-foot skin syndrome, paronychia and onycholysis. "( Taxane-induced scleroderma. Report of two cases.
Cury-Martins, J; Giesen, L; González, S; Molgo, M; Sanches, JA, 2021)		3.51
"Taxanes are a class of standard first-line chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ovarian cancer."( Acquisition of taxane resistance by p53 inactivation in ovarian cancer cells.
Cicka, D; Doyle, S; Du, Y; Fan, D; Fu, H; Ivanov, AA; Mo, X; Niu, Q; Qian, K; Shu, C; Wuhafu, A; Zheng, X, 2022)		1.8
"Taxanes are a leading cause of severe and often permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia. "( CDK4/6 inhibition mitigates stem cell damage in a novel model for taxane-induced alopecia.
Brunken, L; Hassan, N; Jackson, J; Mellor, C; Mitchell, E; Ng'andu, K; O'Brien, A; Paus, R; Purba, TS; Shahmalak, A; Smart, E, 2019)		2.19
"Taxane is a family of front-line chemotherapeutic agents against ovarian cancer (OC). "( Integrative microRNA and gene expression analysis identifies new epigenetically regulated microRNAs mediating taxane resistance in ovarian cancer.
Allam, WR; El-Khamisy, SF; Elsayed, W; Hassan, MK; Keshk, S; Waly, AA, 2021)		2.28
"Taxanes are an essential class of antineoplastic agents used to treat various cancers and are a fundamental cause of hypersensitivity reactions. "( Assessing taxane-associated adverse events using the FDA adverse event reporting system database.
Chen, Y; Fan, J; Lao, DH; Zhang, JZ, 2021)		2.47
"Taxanes are an important class of antineoplastic agents used in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. "( Management of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Taxanes.
Picard, M, 2017)		2.16
"Taxanes are a family of natural products with a broad spectrum of anticancer activity. "( Pocket similarity identifies selective estrogen receptor modulators as microtubule modulators at the taxane site.
Altman, RB; Cormier, O; Katzenellenbogen, JA; Liu, T; Lo, YC; Nettles, KW; Stearns, T, 2019)		2.17
"The taxanes are a class of chemotherapeutic agents that are widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors. "( Pharmacogenetics, enzyme probes and therapeutic drug monitoring as potential tools for individualizing taxane therapy.
Hertz, DL; Krens, SD; McLeod, HL, 2013)		1.16
"Taxanes are a class of microtubule stabilising agents used to treat a wide range of malignancies. "( Single-eye trial of a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor versus intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of taxane drug-induced cystoid macula oedema.
Andrew, NH; Hassall, MM, 2016)		2.09
"The taxanes are a new group of anticancer agents with a novel mechanism of action. "( New microtubular agents in pediatric oncology.
Reaman, GH; Seibel, NL, 1996)		0.85

Effects

Taxanes have been used as monotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer for two decades. Taxanes, have been shown to affect an array of oncogenic signaling pathways and have potent cytotoxic efficacy.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Taxanes have been used as monotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer for two decades."( [Role of chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treatment: still standard or exception?]
Thomas, C, 2023)		2.35
"Taxanes, have been shown to affect an array of oncogenic signaling pathways and have potent cytotoxic efficacy."( Therapeutic strategies to overcome taxane resistance in cancer.
Anand, U; Ashby, CR; Assaraf, YG; Chen, ZS; Das, T; Dey, A; Pandey, SK, 2021)		1.62

Treatment

Treatment with taxane alone caused high frequency of CIA in premenopausal women with breast cancer. Taxane-treated female patients with breast and gynecological cancer reporting TIPN-related symptoms were referred to an integrative physician.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Taxane treatment of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+MC cells increased TFF3 expression indicating a combination vulnerability for tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC cells."( Small molecule inhibition of TFF3 overcomes tamoxifen resistance and enhances taxane efficacy in ER+ mammary carcinoma.
Basappa, B; Guo, H; Huang, X; Lobie, PE; Pandey, V; Tan, YQ; Zhang, S; Zhu, T, 2023)		1.86
"Taxane-treated patients (n = 47) completed cross-sectional bilateral clinical and sensory assessments and nerve conduction studies. "( Electrophysiological and phenotypic profiles of taxane-induced neuropathy.
Baron-Hay, S; Boyle, F; Goldstein, D; Huynh, W; Kiernan, MC; Li, T; Park, SB; Timmins, HC, 2020)		2.26
"Taxane treatment is associated with neurotoxicity, a well-known and relevant side effect, very prevalent amongst patients undergoing chemotherapy."( Taxane-induced neurotoxicity: Pathophysiology and therapeutic perspectives.
Calixto, JB; Campos, MM; da Costa, R; Fernandes, ES; Maia, JRLCB; Passos, GF; Quintão, NLM, 2020)		2.72
"Taxane treatment was associated with the development of clinically relevant problems in both CIPN symptoms and patient function."( Gait, balance, and patient-reported outcomes during taxane-based chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer patients.
Chaudhari, AMW; Loprinzi, CL; Lustberg, MB; Monfort, SM; Naughton, MJ; Pan, X; Patrick, R; Ramaswamy, B; Wesolowski, R, 2017)		1.43
"Taxane-treated female patients with breast and gynecological cancer reporting TIPN-related symptoms were referred to an integrative physician, followed by patient-tailored CIM treatments (acupuncture with/without other modalities). "( Effect of a Complementary/Integrative Medicine Treatment Program on Taxane-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Brief Report.
Ben-Arye, E; Israeli, P; Keshet, Y; Lavie, O; River, Y; Samuels, N, 2018)		2.16
"Taxane-based treatment is associated with more frequent toxicity."( The benefit of taxane-based therapies over fluoropyrimidine plus platinum (FP) in the treatment of esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis of clinical studies.
Chen, Y; Gubat, JA; Liu, M; Liu, X; Lu, L; Min, L; Wang, M; Wang, T; Yu, J; Zhang, X; Zhu, C, 2019)		1.59
"Treatment with taxane alone caused high frequency of CIA in premenopausal women with breast cancer. "( NSAS-BC02 substudy of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) in premenopausal patients who received either taxane alone or doxorubicin(A) cyclophosphamide(C) followed by taxane as postoperative chemotherapy.
Hara, F; Iwamoto, T; Mukai, H; Ohashi, Y; Uemura, Y; Watanabe, T, 2020)		1.12

Toxicity

Peripheral neuropathy was a common adverse event among all taxanes with relatively strong association. Painful peripheral neuropathy is the most dose-limiting side effect of taxanes, affecting up to 97% of paclitaxel-treated patients.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" LD(50) study showed the higher toxic activity in stem (TXA-1,2,3) as compared with leaf (TXB-1,2,3) extract."( An evaluation of toxicity of Taxus baccata Linn. (Talispatra) in experimental animals.
Chansuria, JP; Pandey, VB; Pathak, NK; Shanker, K; Trivedi, VP, 2002)		0.31
" Furthermore, there are experimental data indicating that DTX can also stimulate the metabolism of DOX to toxic species in human heart."( Cardiotoxic effects of anthracycline-taxane combinations.
Capri, G; Cresta, S; Gianni, L; Grasselli, G; Minotti, G; Perotti, A, 2003)		0.59
" Results of the psychometric analyses supported the use of this subscale for measuring the unwanted adverse consequences of effective cancer therapies."( Measuring the side effects of taxane therapy in oncology: the functional assesment of cancer therapy-taxane (FACT-taxane).
Cella, D; Hudgens, S; Peterman, A; Socinski, MA; Webster, K, 2003)		0.61
"Future research might examine this question of competing benefits as a potential aid to decision-making regarding the administration of toxic therapies in the setting of advanced disease."( Measuring the side effects of taxane therapy in oncology: the functional assesment of cancer therapy-taxane (FACT-taxane).
Cella, D; Hudgens, S; Peterman, A; Socinski, MA; Webster, K, 2003)		0.61
" Pertuzumab was well tolerated; diarrhea was the most common adverse effect (61."( Efficacy and safety of single-agent pertuzumab (rhuMAb 2C4), a human epidermal growth factor receptor dimerization inhibitor, in castration-resistant prostate cancer after progression from taxane-based therapy.
Agus, DB; Ahmann, FR; Allison, DE; Derynck, MK; Kattan, MW; Lyons, B; McNeel, DG; Mendelson, DS; Morris, MJ; Ng, K; Scher, HI; Sweeney, CJ; Wang, J, 2007)		0.53
" The most frequent grade ≥3 adverse event (AE) was neutropenia (5."( First-line bevacizumab plus taxane-based chemotherapy for locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: safety and efficacy in an open-label study in 2,251 patients.
Biganzoli, L; Cortés-Funes, H; De Valk, B; Fabi, A; Franke, FA; González-Trujillo, JL; Kaufman, B; Koza, I; Kwong, A; Mainwaring, P; Pereira, D; Petrakova, K; Pienkowski, T; Pierga, JY; Pivot, X; Pritchard, KI; Smith, IE; Stroyakovskiy, D; Thomssen, C; Xu, B, 2011)		0.66
" The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the clinical and genetic predictors for AIs-related musculoskeletal adverse events(MS-AEs)."( Indications of clinical and genetic predictors for aromatase inhibitors related musculoskeletal adverse events in Chinese Han women with breast cancer.
Liu, H; Liu, L; Lu, K; Ma, W; Pan, B; Song, Y; Sun, W; Tang, D; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Xie, L; Xuan, Q; Zhang, Q; Zhao, H; Zhao, S, 2013)		0.39
" Genetic factors may be important in predisposing patients to this adverse effect."( Candidate pathway-based genetic association study of platinum and platinum-taxane related toxicity in a cohort of primary lung cancer patients.
Aakre, JA; Johnson, C; Loprinzi, CL; Pankratz, VS; Staff, NP; Velazquez, AI; Windebank, AJ; Yang, P, 2015)		0.65
" Each patient was followed for 30 days after the last dose of study medication or until resolution/stabilization of any drug-related adverse event."( Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox®) combined with cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil is effective and safe as salvage chemotherapy in taxane-treated metastatic breast cancer: an open-label, multi-center, non-comparative phase II study.
Chang, HK; Chen, JS; Chen, YY; Lee, KD; Lin, YC; Rau, KM; Wang, CH, 2015)		0.62
" Other non-hematologic adverse effects were mild to moderate and were manageable."( Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox®) combined with cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil is effective and safe as salvage chemotherapy in taxane-treated metastatic breast cancer: an open-label, multi-center, non-comparative phase II study.
Chang, HK; Chen, JS; Chen, YY; Lee, KD; Lin, YC; Rau, KM; Wang, CH, 2015)		0.62
"This regimen of combined of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil exhibited a promising overall response rate, progression-free survival rate, and overall survival rate, with a safe cardiac toxicity profile and manageable adverse effects."( Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox®) combined with cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil is effective and safe as salvage chemotherapy in taxane-treated metastatic breast cancer: an open-label, multi-center, non-comparative phase II study.
Chang, HK; Chen, JS; Chen, YY; Lee, KD; Lin, YC; Rau, KM; Wang, CH, 2015)		0.62
" To understand why only some patients experience severe adverse effects and why patients respond and develop resistance with different rates to taxane therapy, the metabolic pathways of these drugs should be completely unraveled."( Are pharmacogenomic biomarkers an effective tool to predict taxane toxicity and outcome in breast cancer patients? Literature review.
De Iuliis, F; Salerno, G; Scarpa, S; Taglieri, L, 2015)		0.86
" In all, the most frequently reported adverse events were G1/2 gastrointestinal toxicity (68."( [Efficacy and toxicity of vinorelbine (NVB)-based regimens in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) pretreated with anthracyclines and taxanes].
Cai, R; Du, F; Fan, Y; Li, Q; Luo, Y; Ma, F; Wang, J; Xu, B; Yuan, P; Zhang, P, 2015)		0.61
" The most common adverse events were those associated with chemotherapy."( A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Farletuzumab in Combination With Carboplatin and Taxane in Patients With Ovarian Cancer in First Platinum-Sensitive Relapse.
Armstrong, D; Bamias, A; Fujiwara, K; Gorbunova, V; Herzog, TJ; O'Shannessy, D; Ochiai, K; Poole, C; Scambia, G; Schweizer, C; Sehouli, J; Teneriello, M; Vergote, I; Wang, W; Weil, SC, 2016)		0.63
" We conclude that Endostar combined with taxane-based regimens may be effective and safe for the treatment of HER-2-negative MBC."( The efficacy and safety of endostar combined with taxane-based regimens for HER-2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients.
Chen, K; Hong, Y; Huang, C; Huang, W; Li, N; Lin, L; Liu, J; Wu, F; Zhen, H, 2016)		0.95
"The Tax-PF induction chemotherapy improved PFS and OS, and the ORR was better as compared to PF-based therapy regimens at the cost of a higher incidence of adverse events."( [Taxane-cisplatin-fluorouracil as induction chemotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer: a Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety].
Jian, J; Li, G; Tian, L; Yu, Z, 2016)		1.34
" The most experienced adverse event was asthenia/fatigue (58%), followed by neutropenia (30%)."( Efficacy and safety of eribulin in taxane-refractory patients in the 'real world'.
Barni, S; Cinieri, S; Del Mastro, L; Latorre, A; Lorusso, V; Porcu, L; Puglisi, F, 2017)		0.73
" The incidences of any grade ≥3 adverse events in the second-line group and the third-line group were 60."( Efficacy and safety of taxane monotherapy in advanced gastric cancer refractory to triplet chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1: a multicenter retrospective study.
Boku, N; Iizumi, S; Kawai, S; Matsushima, T; Muro, K; Nagashima, K; Narita, Y; Tajika, M; Takahari, D; Takashima, A; Yasui, H, 2017)		0.77
" The study characteristics, details of adverse events (AEs) and details of treatment efficacy were extracted for analysis."( Safety and efficacy of the addition of pertuzumab to T-DM1 ± taxane in patients with HER2-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a pooled analysis.
Li, J; Ma, X; Song, Y; Xia, F; Zhang, J; Zhu, C, 2017)		0.7
"To review the efficacy and safety of interventions to prevent taxane-induced dermatologic adverse events."( Evaluation of Prevention Interventions for Taxane-Induced Dermatologic Adverse Events: A Systematic Review.
Friedman, A; Marks, DH; Qureshi, A, 2018)		0.98
" Primary clinical studies that detailed preventive interventions for taxane-induced dermatologic adverse events and that classified results according to a taxane-specific chemotherapy regimen were reviewed and graded according to a 5-point scale, modified from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine."( Evaluation of Prevention Interventions for Taxane-Induced Dermatologic Adverse Events: A Systematic Review.
Friedman, A; Marks, DH; Qureshi, A, 2018)		0.98
" Scalp cooling was generally considered safe by all pertinent studies despite a single report of scalp skin metastasis."( Evaluation of Prevention Interventions for Taxane-Induced Dermatologic Adverse Events: A Systematic Review.
Friedman, A; Marks, DH; Qureshi, A, 2018)		0.74
" On the other hand, TA is associated with less severe adverse events, lower economic burden, and better QoL."( Efficacy and safety of taxane plus anthracycline with or without cyclophosphamide in Chinese node-positive breast cancer patients: an open-label, randomized controlled trial.
Guan, J; Huang, X; Lin, Y; Mao, F; Song, Y; Sun, Q; Wang, C; Xu, Y; Zhong, Y; Zhou, X; Zhou, Y, 2019)		0.82
"Taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is a dose-limiting adverse effect."( The Effects of Ganglioside-Monosialic Acid in Taxane-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Trial.
An, X; Arias-Fuenzalida, J; Cai, L; Gao, Y; Hong, R; Huang, H; Huang, J; Li, J; Lin, Y; Peng, R; Shi, W; Shi, Y; Su, Y; Unger, JM; Wang, S; Wang, X; Xia, W; Xu, F; Xue, C; Yuan, Z; Zhang, A; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhong, Y, 2020)		2.26
" Grade 1 or higher peripheral neurotoxicity in Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4."( The Effects of Ganglioside-Monosialic Acid in Taxane-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Trial.
An, X; Arias-Fuenzalida, J; Cai, L; Gao, Y; Hong, R; Huang, H; Huang, J; Li, J; Lin, Y; Peng, R; Shi, W; Shi, Y; Su, Y; Unger, JM; Wang, S; Wang, X; Xia, W; Xu, F; Xue, C; Yuan, Z; Zhang, A; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhong, Y, 2020)		0.82
"Taxane-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (TIPN) is the most common non-hematological side effect of taxane-based chemotherapy, and may result in dose reductions and discontinuations, having as such a detrimental effect on patients' overall survival."( Taxane and epothilone-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: From pathogenesis to treatment.
Alberti, P; Argyriou, AA; Demichelis, C; Park, SB; Schenone, A; Tamburin, S, 2019)		3.4
" Alopecia was the most predominant side effect for BC patients, whereas OC patients were highly afflicted by numbness in limbs."( Perception of side effects associated with anticancer treatment in women with breast or ovarian cancer (KEM-GO-1): a prospective trial.
Ataseven, B; Bluni, V; Bommert, M; Breit, E; du Bois, A; Frindte, J; Gebers, G; Harter, P; Heitz, F; Kostara, A; Kuemmel, S; Prader, S; Reinisch, M; Schneider, S; Traut, A; Vogt, C, 2020)		0.56
" Patients with breast cancer who received paclitaxel or docetaxel and had a grade 1 or more neuropathy (based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version (NCI-CTCAE v4."( Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin and Duloxetine in Taxane-Induced Sensory Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Alipour, A; Avan, R; Hendouei, N; Janbabaei, G; Salehifar, E; Tabrizi, N, 2020)		0.79
" Both interventions were tolerated well with mild adverse events."( Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin and Duloxetine in Taxane-Induced Sensory Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Alipour, A; Avan, R; Hendouei, N; Janbabaei, G; Salehifar, E; Tabrizi, N, 2020)		0.79
" Discontinuation due to adverse events was less likely with T-DM1 than with all comparators except neratinib."( Evaluating the clinical effectiveness and safety of various HER2-targeted regimens after prior taxane/trastuzumab in patients with previously treated, unresectable, or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Diéras, V; Krop, I; Paracha, N; Pivot, X; Reyes, A; Urruticoechea, A, 2020)		0.78
" Painful peripheral neuropathy is the most dose-limiting side effect of taxanes, affecting up to 97% of paclitaxel-treated patients."( Taxane-induced neurotoxicity: Pathophysiology and therapeutic perspectives.
Calixto, JB; Campos, MM; da Costa, R; Fernandes, ES; Maia, JRLCB; Passos, GF; Quintão, NLM, 2020)		2.23
" Thirty-three percent of patients experienced immune-related adverse events in the Good group, and 18% in the Poor group."( Efficacy and safety of nivolumab for advanced gastric cancer patients with poor performance statuses.
Kimura, S; Kuriona, Y; Mastumoto, Y; Matsumoto, T; Miura, K; Okazaki, U; Takatani, M; Tsuduki, T; Watanabe, T; Yamamoto, Y, 2020)		0.56
" Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and grades 3-4 drug-related adverse events were the outcomes assessed."( Efficacy and Safety of Capecitabine Alone or in Combination in Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Previously Treated with Anthracycline and Taxane: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Abdi, A; Alsaloumi, L; Basgut, B; Shawagfeh, S, 2020)		0.76
" On the other hand, the incidence of non-hematological adverse events such as hand-foot syndrome and diarrhea was lower in capecitabine combination compared to capecitabine monotherapy."( Efficacy and Safety of Capecitabine Alone or in Combination in Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Previously Treated with Anthracycline and Taxane: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Abdi, A; Alsaloumi, L; Basgut, B; Shawagfeh, S, 2020)		0.76
" Non-hematological adverse effects such as hand-foot syndrome were fewer with a combination regimen."( Efficacy and Safety of Capecitabine Alone or in Combination in Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Previously Treated with Anthracycline and Taxane: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Abdi, A; Alsaloumi, L; Basgut, B; Shawagfeh, S, 2020)		0.76
" In addition, other adverse events, such as bone marrow toxicity and peripheral neuropathy, can lead to chemotherapy discontinuation."( Assessing taxane-associated adverse events using the FDA adverse event reporting system database.
Chen, Y; Fan, J; Lao, DH; Zhang, JZ, 2021)		1.02
"Taxane-associated adverse events were identified by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Preferred Terms and analyzed and compared by mining the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System pharmacovigilance database from January 2004 to December 2019."( Assessing taxane-associated adverse events using the FDA adverse event reporting system database.
Chen, Y; Fan, J; Lao, DH; Zhang, JZ, 2021)		2.47
"The results showed that bone marrow toxicity and peripheral neuropathy were the major adverse events induced by taxanes."( Assessing taxane-associated adverse events using the FDA adverse event reporting system database.
Chen, Y; Fan, J; Lao, DH; Zhang, JZ, 2021)		1.23
"15% of patients experiencing grade ≥ 3 adverse events."( A Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Chloroquine in Combination With Taxanes in the Treatment of Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Anthracycline-refractory Breast Cancer.
Anand, K; Boone, T; Chang, JC; Ensor, J; Niravath, P; Patel, T; Rodriguez, A; Wong, ST, 2021)		0.85
"Monitoring hs-CRP level changes in comparison to Apo-B can be used to assist the side effect risk difference among different chemotherapy regimens, and staging reflecting a positive correlation between them more notable in the late stage."( Serum Biomarkers for Chemotherapy Cardiotoxicity Risk Detection of Breast Cancer Patients.
Abdelnour, A; Al Tibi, A; Al-Zeidaneen, SA; Burghel, GJ; Hasan, D; Ismail, Y; Natsheh, I; Odeh, M, 2021)		0.62
" Neurotoxicity, mainly taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN), remains the most important dose-limiting adverse event."( Pharmacogenetics of taxane-induced neurotoxicity in breast cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Antonio-Aguirre, B; Armenta-Quiroga, AS; Catalán, R; Espinosa-Fernandez, JR; Estrada-Mena, FJ; Freyria, A; Guijosa, A; Ortega-Treviño, MF; Perez-Ortiz, AC; Villarreal-Garza, C, 2022)		1.36
" Although much has been published on adverse events related to taxanes, data on ocular outcomes with these very important drugs are scant."( Risk of Ocular Adverse Events With Taxane-Based Chemotherapy.
Etminan, M; Maberley, D; Mikelberg, F; Sodhi, M; Yeung, SN, 2022)		1.24
"To quantify the risk of 3 mutually exclusive ocular adverse events of epiphora, cystoid macular edema (CME), and optic neuropathy with taxane-based chemotherapy agents by undertaking a large pharmacoepidemiologic study."( Risk of Ocular Adverse Events With Taxane-Based Chemotherapy.
Etminan, M; Maberley, D; Mikelberg, F; Sodhi, M; Yeung, SN, 2022)		1.2
" Ophthalmologists and oncologists should be aware of these adverse events in women with breast cancer who receive these drugs."( Risk of Ocular Adverse Events With Taxane-Based Chemotherapy.
Etminan, M; Maberley, D; Mikelberg, F; Sodhi, M; Yeung, SN, 2022)		1
" This study aimed to evaluate the potential association between neurological adverse events and several taxanederived drugs via the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)."( Neurotoxicity induced by taxane-derived drugs: analysis of the FAERS database 2017-2021.
Chen, L; Long, E; Luo, L; Zhang, J, )		0.65
" Peripheral neuropathy was a common adverse event among all taxanes with relatively strong association."( Neurotoxicity induced by taxane-derived drugs: analysis of the FAERS database 2017-2021.
Chen, L; Long, E; Luo, L; Zhang, J, )		0.68

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The tolerability of this strategy and its pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic correlates were also investigated."( Ninety-six-hour paclitaxel infusion after progression during short taxane exposure: a phase II pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study in metastatic breast cancer.
Auguste, L; Baselga, J; Currie, V; Edelman, B; Fennelly, D; Francis, P; Gilewski, TA; Gollub, M; Hochhauser, D; Hudis, CA; Moynahan, ME; Norton, L; O'Donaghue, M; Salvaggio, R; Seidman, AD; Spriggs, D; Tong, W; Yao, TJ, 1996)		0.53

Compound-Compound Interactions

The databases of two tertiary medical centers were retrospectively searched for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who underwent first-line treatment in 2013-2019. The purpose of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of endostar, a recombinant prod.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity and tolerance of high-dose leucovorin (LV) and infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in combination with conventional doses of cyclophosphamide (CPM) as salvage chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) pretreated with anthracyclines and taxanes."( Salvage chemotherapy with high-dose leucovorin (LV) and 48-hour continuous infusion (CI) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in combination with conventional doses of cyclophosphamide (CPM) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) pretreated with anthracyclin
Agelaki, S; Christodoulakis, M; Georgoulias, V; Kakolyris, S; Kalbakis, K; Kouroussis, C; Mavroudis, D; Souglakos, J; Stylianou, K; Vamvakas, L, 2001)		0.49
"To evaluate the antitumor efficacy against metastatic breast cancer of fluoropyrimidines alone and combined with other chemotherapeutic agents, we developed a murine model of breast cancer metastatic to the lung by orthotopically implanting MDA-MB-435S breast tumors into mice."( [Antimetastatic and antitumor effects of fluoropyrimidines alone and combined with taxanes in a murine model of breast cancer metastatic to the lung].
Fujioka, A; Fukushima, M; Nakagawa, F; Nukatsuka, M; Ohshimo, H, 2002)		0.54
"The aim of this study was to determine the antitumor activity of irofulven when administered in combination with a variety of antimitotic agents."( Enhanced antitumor activity of irofulven in combination with antimitotic agents.
Estes, LA; Kelner, MJ; McMorris, TC; Rojas, RJ; Suthipinijtham, P; Trani, NA; Velasco, TR, 2002)		0.31
"Women with measurable MBC pretreated with anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy received oral gefitinib (250 mg/day) continuously combined with intravenous gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on day 1, every 2 weeks."( Gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients with metastatic breast cancer pre-treated with taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy: a phase I/II trial.
Amarantidis, K; Georgoulias, V; Gioulbasanis, I; Ignatiadis, M; Kakolyris, S; Kalbakis, K; Kalykaki, A; Mavroudis, D; Saridaki, Z; Vamvakas, L, )		0.58
" In combination with a taxane agent, this compound may enhance cytotoxicity and retard PC cell resistance to taxane."( Possible benefits of curcumin regimen in combination with taxane chemotherapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer treatment.
Barthomeuf, C; Bay, JO; Bayet-Robert, M; Cabrespine-Faugeras, A; Chollet, P, 2010)		0.92
"This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the use of bevacizumab (Avastin®, Roche) in combination with a taxane for the treatment of untreated metastatic breast cancer (mBC)."( Bevacizumab in combination with a taxane for the first-line treatment of HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.
Eastwood, A; Epstein, D; Fox, D; Rodgers, M; Soares, M; Yang, H, 2011)		0.85
" Unless long-term outcome data show different results, lapatinib should not be used outside of clinical trials as single anti-HER2-treatment in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy."( Lapatinib versus trastuzumab in combination with neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy (GeparQuinto, GBG 44): a randomised phase 3 trial.
Bischoff, J; Blohmer, JU; Eidtmann, H; Fasching, PA; Gerber, B; Hanusch, C; Hilfrich, J; Huober, J; Jackisch, C; Kaufmann, M; Kreienberg, R; Kühn, T; Loibl, S; Nekljudova, V; Rezai, M; Strumberg, D; Tesch, H; Untch, M; von Minckwitz, G, 2012)		0.61
" This study was conducted to determine whether there are differences in safety and efficacy in patients with HER2-negative LR/mRC between Chinese and Western populations after they receive first-line bevacizumab combined with taxane-based therapy."( Safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab combined with taxane therapy in Chinese patients with HER2-negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: findings from the ATHENA study.
Chen, ZD; Cheng, Y; Guan, ZZ; He, J; Jiang, J; Jiang, ZF; Luo, Y; Qin, SK; Shen, ZZ; Tong, ZS; Wang, LW; Wang, XJ; Xu, BH; Yao, M; Zheng, H, 2012)		0.81
"In the single-arm, open-label, Avastin Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer (ATHENA) study (NCT00448591), patients with HER2-negative LR/mBC received first-line bevacizumab (investigator's choice of 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks) combined with taxane-based therapy."( Safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab combined with taxane therapy in Chinese patients with HER2-negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: findings from the ATHENA study.
Chen, ZD; Cheng, Y; Guan, ZZ; He, J; Jiang, J; Jiang, ZF; Luo, Y; Qin, SK; Shen, ZZ; Tong, ZS; Wang, LW; Wang, XJ; Xu, BH; Yao, M; Zheng, H, 2012)		0.8
" Bevacizumab was combined with docetaxel in 90% of Chinese patients and paclitaxel in 10%."( Safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab combined with taxane therapy in Chinese patients with HER2-negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: findings from the ATHENA study.
Chen, ZD; Cheng, Y; Guan, ZZ; He, J; Jiang, J; Jiang, ZF; Luo, Y; Qin, SK; Shen, ZZ; Tong, ZS; Wang, LW; Wang, XJ; Xu, BH; Yao, M; Zheng, H, 2012)		0.62
" We investigated the efficacy and toxicity of an anti-EGFR antibody (panitumumab) combined with a standard neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy in patients with operable, stage II-III, TNBC."( Multicentric neoadjuvant phase II study of panitumumab combined with an anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy in operable triple-negative breast cancer: identification of biologically defined signatures predicting treatment impact.
Abrial, C; Bahadoor, MR; Benmammar, KE; Cayre, A; Chalabi, N; Chollet, P; Dauplat, MM; Desrichard, A; Dubray-Longeras, P; Forest, AM; Gligorov, J; Guiu, S; Jouannaud, C; Kullab, S; Kwiatkowski, F; Mouret-Reynier, MA; Nabholtz, JM; Penault-Llorca, F; Petit, T; Radosevic-Robin, N; Tredan, O; Tubiana-Mathieu, N; Uhrhammer, N; Van Praagh, I; Vanlemmens, L; Weber, B, 2014)		0.83
"Panitumumab in combination with FEC100 followed by docetaxel appears efficacious, with acceptable toxicity, as neoadjuvant therapy of operable TNBC."( Multicentric neoadjuvant phase II study of panitumumab combined with an anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy in operable triple-negative breast cancer: identification of biologically defined signatures predicting treatment impact.
Abrial, C; Bahadoor, MR; Benmammar, KE; Cayre, A; Chalabi, N; Chollet, P; Dauplat, MM; Desrichard, A; Dubray-Longeras, P; Forest, AM; Gligorov, J; Guiu, S; Jouannaud, C; Kullab, S; Kwiatkowski, F; Mouret-Reynier, MA; Nabholtz, JM; Penault-Llorca, F; Petit, T; Radosevic-Robin, N; Tredan, O; Tubiana-Mathieu, N; Uhrhammer, N; Van Praagh, I; Vanlemmens, L; Weber, B, 2014)		0.63
" We demonstrate the utility of TOS by correlating the score to the outcome of recent clinical trials evaluating trastuzumab, an effective anticancer agent utilized in combination with anthracycline- and taxane- based systemic chemotherapy in HER2-receptor (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) positive breast cancer."( A Network-Based Target Overlap Score for Characterizing Drug Combinations: High Correlation with Cancer Clinical Trial Results.
Győrffy, B; Ligeti, B; Pénzváltó, Z; Pongor, S; Vera, R, 2015)		0.6
"The purpose of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of endostar, a recombinant product of endostatin, combined with taxane-based regimens for HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients."( The efficacy and safety of endostar combined with taxane-based regimens for HER-2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients.
Chen, K; Hong, Y; Huang, C; Huang, W; Li, N; Lin, L; Liu, J; Wu, F; Zhen, H, 2016)		0.89
" However, the current drug combination therapy refers to administering individual drugs together, which is far from a perfect regimen for cancer patients."( Cancer Nanomedicines Stabilized by π-π Stacking between Heterodimeric Prodrugs Enable Exceptionally High Drug Loading Capacity and Safer Delivery of Drug Combinations.
Chen, J; Fang, T; Han, W; Shi, L; Tayier, M; Wang, H; Wu, J; Xu, C; Ye, Z; Zhang, J; Zhou, J, 2017)		0.46
" The short-HER study was aimed to assess the non-inferiority of 9 weeks versus 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy."( Nine weeks versus 1 year adjuvant trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy: final results of the phase III randomized Short-HER study‡.
Aieta, M; Amaducci, L; Bajardi, EA; Balduzzi, S; Beano, A; Bisagni, G; Brandes, AA; Cagossi, K; Cavanna, L; Conte, P; D'Amico, R; Danese, S; Donadio, M; Ferro, A; Frassoldati, A; Garrone, O; Gebbia, V; Giotta, F; Giovanardi, F; Guarneri, V; Lombardo, L; Maltoni, R; Molino, A; Moretti, G; Musolino, A; Piacentini, F; Pronzato, P; Rimanti, A; Russo, A; Schirone, A; Vicini, R; Zamagni, C, 2018)		0.48
"Pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab and docetaxel is the standard first-line therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, based on results from the phase III CLEOPATRA trial."( Preliminary safety and efficacy of first-line pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab and taxane therapy for HER2-positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (PERUSE).
Bachelot, T; Bondarenko, I; Ciruelos, E; du Toit, Y; Easton, V; Lindegger, N; Merot, JL; Miles, D; Paluch-Shimon, S; Peretz-Yablonski, T; Puglisi, F; Schneeweiss, A; Wardley, A, 2019)		0.74
" Single-HER2-targeted agent (trastuzumab) combined with taxane-based doublets (taxane+carboplatin/capecitabine/doxorubicin/bevacizumab) showed no further benefit than trastuzumab+a taxane."( A network meta-analysis on the efficacy of HER2-targeted agents in combination with taxane-containing regimens for treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.
Ding, T; Dong, L; Gu, XS; Li, JB; Ma, C; Xie, BJ; Zhu, LN; Zhu, ZN, 2020)		1.03
"The databases of two tertiary medical centers were retrospectively searched for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who underwent first-line treatment in 2013-2019 with a taxane or vinorelbine in combination with trastuzumab and pertuzumab."( Taxane versus vinorelbine in combination with trastuzumab and pertuzumab for first-line treatment of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer: a retrospective two-center study.
Goldvaser, H; Gottfried, M; Hendler, D; Kuchuk, I; Neiman, V; Nisenbaum, B; Olitzky, O; Prus, J; Reinhorn, D; Rotem, O; Sarfaty, M; Shochat, T; Sulkes, A; Tsoref, D; Yerushalmi, R; Yust-Katz, S, 2021)		2.25
"Patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer had similar survival with first-line treatment of taxane or vinorelbine combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab."( Taxane versus vinorelbine in combination with trastuzumab and pertuzumab for first-line treatment of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer: a retrospective two-center study.
Goldvaser, H; Gottfried, M; Hendler, D; Kuchuk, I; Neiman, V; Nisenbaum, B; Olitzky, O; Prus, J; Reinhorn, D; Rotem, O; Sarfaty, M; Shochat, T; Sulkes, A; Tsoref, D; Yerushalmi, R; Yust-Katz, S, 2021)		2.28
" We designed a phase II trial to test the efficacy and safety of chloroquine in combination with taxane or taxane-like chemotherapy agents in patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer who are refractory to anthracycline-based chemotherapy."( A Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Chloroquine in Combination With Taxanes in the Treatment of Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Anthracycline-refractory Breast Cancer.
Anand, K; Boone, T; Chang, JC; Ensor, J; Niravath, P; Patel, T; Rodriguez, A; Wong, ST, 2021)		1.07
"Clinical trials have shown that trastuzumab (H) and pertuzumab (P) combined with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy increased pathological complete response (pCR) rate of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer."( Real-world study of trastuzumab and pertuzumab combined with chemotherapy in neoadjuvant treatment for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Liu, Y; Ma, X; Ren, X; Song, T; Yang, R; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhou, X, 2022)		0.72

Bioavailability

A newly developed taxane (BAY 59-8862) appears particularly interesting for the fact that it shows excellent oral bioavailability and activity in tumors with inherent resistance to paclitaxel. Together, these results support that administration of PTX in the form of taxane mixtures may become a novel approach to improve the poor bioavailability ofPTX.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Among large numbers of the derivatives, capecitabine was selected based on its susceptibility to hepatic carboxylesterase, oral bioavailability in monkeys and efficacy in a human cancer xenograft."( [Discovery and development of novel anticancer drug capecitabine].
Horii, I; Ishitsuka, H; Shimma, N, 1999)		0.3
" Because P-glycoprotein may critically influence intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of taxanes, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the bioavailability, the pharmacokinetic behavior, and the antitumor activity of the new taxane after oral administration."( Oral efficacy and bioavailability of a novel taxane.
Bombardelli, E; Colombo, T; D'Incalci, M; Monestiroli, S; Morazzoni, P; Polizzi, D; Pratesi, G; Riva, A; Tortoreto, M; Zucchetti, M; Zunino, F, 2000)		0.78
" Among these agents, a newly developed taxane (BAY 59-8862) appears particularly interesting for the fact that it shows excellent oral bioavailability and activity in tumors with inherent resistance to paclitaxel."( Second generation taxanes: from the natural framework to the challenge of drug resistance.
Bombardelli, E; Distefano, M; Ferlini, C; Gallo, D; Mancuso, S; Morazzoni, P; Ojima, I; Riva, A; Scambia, G, 2003)		0.92
"The evolution of 2, a C-4-methylcarbonate analogue of paclitaxel with minimal oral bioavailability and oral efficacy, into its C-3'-t-butyl-3'-N-t-butyloxycarbonyl analogue (15i), a novel taxane with oral efficacy in preclinical models that is comparable to iv administered paclitaxel, is described."( The discovery of BMS-275183: an orally efficacious novel taxane.
Cook, D; Fairchild, CR; Hansel, S; Johnson, W; Kadow, JF; Long, BH; Mastalerz, H; Rose, WC; Tarrant, J; Vyas, DM; Wu, MJ; Xue, MQ; Zhang, G; Zoeckler, M, 2003)		0.75
"Together, these results support that administration of PTX in the form of taxane mixtures may become a novel approach to improve the poor bioavailability of PTX."( Pharmacokinetic synergy from the taxane extract of Taxus chinensis improves the bioavailability of paclitaxel.
Jiang, J; Liu, H; Liu, Z; Lv, J; Wang, L; Wang, Q; Wen, X; Zheng, X; Zhou, X, 2015)		0.93

Dosage Studied

Taxane dosing is based primarily on body surface area. Therapy adherence for taxanes can be significantly improved by dosage adjustments. gemcitabine and cisplatin combination therapy with this biweekly schedule and dosage is moderately active and extremely safe in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Methods using aqueous acetonitrile gradients on each of two commercial PFP columns were developed that are suitable for the determination of potency, content uniformity, and degradation profile of the paclitaxel bulk drug and injectable dosage form."( Determination of paclitaxel and related taxanes in bulk drug and injectable dosage forms by reversed phase liquid chromatography.
Locke, DC; Shao, LK, 1997)		0.56
" Unfortunately, their large-scale use is limited by the incorporation methods available, especially when sterile dosage forms are sought."( A novel one-step drug-loading procedure for water-soluble amphiphilic nanocarriers.
Dufresne, MH; Fournier, E; Leroux, JC; Ranger, M; Smith, DC, 2004)		0.32
" Because salvage therapy with S-1 alone showed good antitumor efficacy and beneficial tolerability when the standard dosage was maintained, it was considered that this home therapy was effective for advanced/recurrent breast cancer that was resistant to anthracycline and taxane antitumor drugs."( [Effective salvage chemotherapy with S-1 alone in a patient with lung metastasis of breast cancer].
Itoh, K; Minami, H, 2005)		0.51
" The clinical utility of capecitabine in the management of breast cancer is supported by its convenient oral dosing schedule and favorable safety profile, as well as its excellent clinical activity in primary and metastatic breast cancer."( The role of capecitabine in first-line treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Chan, A; Gelmon, K; Harbeck, N, 2006)		0.33
" Another goal was to find the optimal individual schedule by adjusting frequency and dosage according to patient tolerability."( Low dose gemcitabine plus cisplatin in a weekly-based regimen as salvage therapy for relapsed breast cancer after taxane-anthracycline-containing regimens.
Alés-Martínez, JE; Aramburo González, PM; Sánchez-Escribano Morcuende, R, 2007)		0.55
" In conclusion, gemcitabine and cisplatin combination therapy with this biweekly schedule and dosage is moderately active and extremely safe in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracycline and taxanes."( Biweekly administration of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with anthracycline and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer.
Aydiner, A; Camlica, H; Derin, D; Guney, N; Tas, F; Topuz, E, 2008)		0.75
"Eribulin demonstrated activity with manageable tolerability (including infrequent grade 3 and no grade 4 neuropathy) in heavily pretreated patients with MBC when dosed as a short IV infusion on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle."( Phase II study of eribulin mesylate, a halichondrin B analog, in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane.
Ashworth, S; Blum, JL; Chandrawansa, K; Chuang, E; Cole, PE; Dacosta, NA; Fabian, CJ; Fang, F; Meneses, NL; O'Shaughnessy, J; Pruitt, B; Rivera, RR; Shuster, DE; Smith, DA; Smith, J; Tan, AR; Tan-Chiu, E; Vahdat, LT; Wright, J, 2009)		0.55
" There has also been increasing awareness that the dosing and schedule of administration of systemic therapies are equally important factors in achieving better outcomes in patients with early-stage breast cancer."( Changes to adjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer: a decade in review.
Patel, TA; Perez, EA; Saurel, CA, 2010)		0.36
"Oral administration of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and capecitabine may have a greater potential for treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) due to anti-angiogenesis resulting from the metronomic dosage and upregulation of thymidine phosphorylase by CTX."( An all-oral combination of metronomic cyclophosphamide plus capecitabine in patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer: a phase II study.
Hong, X; Hu, X; Leaw, S; Lu, J; Shao, Z; Wang, J; Wang, Z, 2012)		0.59
" A dose-response effect was not identified."( Dalteparin low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in ovarian cancer: a phase II randomized study.
Elit, LM; Hoskins, P; Julian, DH; Julian, JA; Lee, AY; Levine, MN; Liaw, PC; Parpia, S; Swystun, LL, 2012)		0.38
" Dose-response relationship appeared strong within each of the three chemotherapy regimens."( Comparative effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy versus taxane and other regimens for ovarian cancer.
Cen, P; Du, XL; Giordano, SH; Lairson, DR; Parikh, RC, 2013)		0.63
" Currently, taxane dosing is based primarily on body surface area, ignoring other factors that are known to dictate variability in pharmacokinetics or outcome."( Pharmacogenetics, enzyme probes and therapeutic drug monitoring as potential tools for individualizing taxane therapy.
Hertz, DL; Krens, SD; McLeod, HL, 2013)		0.98
" Larger homogeneous trials with similar dosing and criteria for defining neuropathy are needed to properly assess the relationship of genomics with the neuropathy spectrum."( Genome-wide meta-analyses identifies novel taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy-associated loci.
Albain, KS; Ambrosone, CB; Barlow, WE; Budd, GT; Clay-Gilmour, AI; Gralow, JR; Haiman, CA; Hayes, DF; Hershman, D; Hobday, TJ; Hortobagyi, GN; Isaacs, C; Jiang, C; Kroetz, DL; Livingston, RB; Moore, HC; Owzar, K; Rizvi, A; Salim, M; Sheng, X; Stewart, JA; Stram, DO; Sucheston-Campbell, LE; Yan, L; Yao, S; Zirpoli, G, 2018)		0.74
" Larger studies comparing specific chemotherapy dosing schedules are needed to address this complicated population."( A pilot study evaluating chemotherapy tolerability for breast cancer patients who have received prior treatment and chest radiation for Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Baxstrom, K; Blaes, A; Lee, C; Peterson, B; Turcotte, L; Vogel, R; Watson, AP, 2018)		0.48
"Although most chemotherapies are dosed on body surface area or weight, body composition (ie, the amount and distribution of muscle and adipose tissues) is thought to be associated with chemotherapy tolerance and adherence."( Body Composition, Adherence to Anthracycline and Taxane-Based Chemotherapy, and Survival After Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer.
Albers, KB; Alexeeff, S; Caan, BJ; Cespedes Feliciano, EM; Chen, WY; Lee, V; Prado, CM; Shachar, SS; Xiao, J, 2020)		0.81
" The latter includes the ongoing debate on the most effective and safe regimen, the recommended initial dose, and pharmacological dosing individualization."( Role of TDM-based dose adjustments for taxane anticancer drugs.
Joerger, M; Kloft, C; Muth, M; Ojara, FW, 2021)		0.89
" The dosage of chemotherapy, number of days between neoadjuvant chemotherapy completion and surgery, and number of circulating immune cells did not significantly differ among patients who experienced complications."( Comparison of Autologous Breast Reconstruction Complications by Type of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Regimen.
Alperovich, M; Avraham, T; Chouairi, F; Gabrick, KS; Mehta, S; Olawoyin, OM; Pusztai, L, 2021)		0.62
" However, the appropriate DEX dosage administration remains unclear."( Dexamethasone dose-dependently prevents taxane-associated acute pain syndrome in breast cancer treatment.
Oshino, T; Saito, Y; Sugawara, M; Takekuma, Y; Takeshita, T, 2023)		1.18
"5% in 8 mg/day group, which was significantly lowered by higher DEX dosage (P = 0."( Dexamethasone dose-dependently prevents taxane-associated acute pain syndrome in breast cancer treatment.
Oshino, T; Saito, Y; Sugawara, M; Takekuma, Y; Takeshita, T, 2023)		1.18
"Overview of the existing literature regarding approval, dosage and new combination options for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)."( [Role of chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treatment: still standard or exception?]
Thomas, C, 2023)		0.91
" Therapy adherence for taxanes can be significantly improved by dosage adjustments."( [Role of chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treatment: still standard or exception?]
Thomas, C, 2023)		1.22
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
terpenoid fundamental parent
diterpeneA C20 terpene.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (1,239)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's44 (3.55)18.2507
2000's375 (30.27)29.6817
2010's613 (49.48)24.3611
2020's207 (16.71)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 65.32

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index65.32 (24.57)
Research Supply Index7.31 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.15 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index113.49 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (65.32)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials210 (16.30%)5.53%
Reviews247 (19.18%)6.00%
Case Studies45 (3.49%)4.05%
Observational20 (1.55%)0.25%
Other766 (59.47%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (55)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Phase II Study of The Efficacy And Safety of Chloroquine (C) in CombinAtion With Taxane or Taxane-like (T) Chemo Agents in The Treatment of Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Have Failed Anthracycline Chemo Base Therapy [NCT01446016]Phase 238 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
A Phase 1 Study of TPI 287 Concurrent With Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy (FSRT) in Treatment of Brain Metastases From Advanced Breast and Non-Small Cell Lung (NSCL) Cancer [NCT02187822]Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-09Terminated(stopped due to lack of funding by company providing TPI-287)
A Randomized Phase III Study to Determine the Efficacy of a Taxane and Bevacizumab With or Without Capecitabine as First Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT01200212]Phase 3432 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-07-31Terminated(stopped due to A planed interim analysis shows no benefits, but higher adverse event rates for the experimental arm.)
Short-term Sintilimab in Combination With Taxane and Carboplatin for Neoadjuvant Therapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer, an Open-labeled, Single Arm Trial [NCT05843292]Phase 448 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-07-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Phase 3 Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Olvi-Vec Followed by Platinum-doublet Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab Compared With Platinum-doublet Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab in Women With Platinum-Resistant/Refractory Ovarian Cancer (OnPr [NCT05281471]Phase 3186 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-08-31Recruiting
An Open-Label, Randomized, Phase II/III Trial of Taxane Therapy With or Without Bavituximab for the Treatment of HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT02651610]Phase 2/Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Withdrawn
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Epidiferphane and Taxanes in Breast Cancer Patients [NCT05074290]Phase 1/Phase 274 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-22Recruiting
Xenotransplantation of Primary Cancer Samples in Zebrafish Embryos [NCT03668418]120 participants (Anticipated)Observational2018-06-01Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Farletuzumab (MORAb-003) in Combination With Carboplatin and Taxane in Subjects With Platinum-sensitive Ovarian Cancer in First Relapse [NCT00849667]Phase 31,100 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-16Terminated(stopped due to Lack of efficacy)
An Open-label Study of the Effect of First-line Herceptin Alone or in Combination With a Taxane on Tumor Response and Disease Progression in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Relapsed After Receiving Adjuvant Herceptin for HER2-positive Early Bre [NCT00475670]Phase 244 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
Anti-HER2 TKI Versus Pertuzumab in Combination With Dose-dense Trastuzumab and Taxane as First Line in HER2-positive Breast Cancer Patients With Active Brain Metastases: A Phase II, Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04760431]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-01Not yet recruiting
Circulating Tumor Cell Changes and Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Triple-negative Breast Cancer: a Cohort Trial [NCT04059003]200 participants (Anticipated)Observational2019-11-01Recruiting
A Three Cohort Phase II Trial of BMS-275183 Given Orally on a Twice Weekly Schedule in Pretreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC Patients [NCT00359450]Phase 2186 participants Interventional2006-07-31Terminated
"A Translational Randomized Phase III Study Exploring the Effect of the Addition of Capecitabine to Carboplatine Based Chemotherapy in Early Triple Negative Breast Cancer" [NCT04335669]Phase 3920 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-12-20Recruiting
Study of Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Epidiferphane™ and Taxanes in Breast Cancer Patients [NCT03611985]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-03-31Withdrawn(stopped due to institutional conflict of interest)
A Randomized Multicenter Phase III Study of Taxane/Carboplatin/Cetuximab Versus Taxane/Carboplatin as First-Line Treatment for Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00112294]Phase 3755 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-12-31Completed
Organoid-Guided Functional Precision Therapy Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice in Previously Treated HER2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer: A Phase II, Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06102824]Phase 2252 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-20Recruiting
Effect of Esomeprazole on the Pharmacokinetics of BMS-275183 in Patients With Advanced Malignancies [NCT00332748]Phase 136 participants Interventional2006-12-31Terminated
Utidelone Plus Capecitabine Versus Taxane Plus Capecitabine in HER2-negative Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer : A Phase III, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05172518]Phase 3512 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-03-01Not yet recruiting
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Pyrotinib, Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Taxanes and Trastuzumab for HER2+Breast Cancer: a Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-Group Controlled Trial [NCT04290793]Phase 2/Phase 3280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-03-01Not yet recruiting
An Exploratory Clinical Study of Lenvatinib Combined With Single-agent Taxanes as Second-line Therapy for the Treatment of HER2-negative Advanced Gastric Cancer [NCT05171530]Phase 119 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-05Recruiting
Biomarker Guided Treatment in Gynaecological Cancer [NCT02543710]Phase 41,300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-10-31Recruiting
Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Standard Anti-microtubule Drugs as Assessed by Early Tumor Biopsy [NCT03393741]35 participants (Anticipated)Observational2018-01-29Recruiting
Phase I Alimta Combination With BMS-275183 (Oral Taxane) [NCT00103831]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants InterventionalCompleted
A Phase II Study to Determine the Pathological Complete Response Rate and Immunomodulatory Effects of Neoadjuvant Paclitaxel in Combination With Bavituximab in Early- Stage Triple- Negative Breast Cancer [NCT02685306]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-31Withdrawn
A Prospective Study to Evaluate Alterations in Molecular Biomarkers in HER2 Neu Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Together With Assessment of Trastuzumab Use Beyond Progression After Initial Response to Trastuzumab-taxane Based Treatment [NCT00885755]Phase 233 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-13Completed
Prospective Study of Fertility-sparing Treatment Strategy in Patients With Early Cervical Cancer(SYSUGO-005/CSEM009) [NCT02624531]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-11-30Recruiting
An Open-label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effect on Disease Progression and Overall Survival of Avastin Plus Taxane-based Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT00448591]Phase 32,296 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Completed
An Uncontrolled, Phase II Study Evaluating Anti-Tumor Efficacy and Safety of BAY 59-8862 in Patients With Taxane Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) [NCT00044538]Phase 2102 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-12-31Completed
"Assessing the Clinical Utility of Adding Pentoxifylline to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Protocols in Breast Cancer Patients" [NCT06176339]Phase 270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-15Not yet recruiting
Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer and Fallopian Tube Cancer Patients Using Complementary Alternative Medicine [NCT00293293]43 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-31Completed
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Inavolisib in Combination With Phesgo Versus Placebo in Combination With Phesgo As Maintenance Therapy After First Line Induction Therapy in [NCT05894239]Phase 3230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-07-28Recruiting
Predictive fActors for toleraNce to Taxane Based CHemotherapy In Older adultS Affected by mEtastatic Prostate Cancer, a Prospective Observational Study (ANCHISES) [NCT05471427]118 participants (Actual)Observational2020-01-01Completed
NeoTAILOR: A Phase II Biomarker-directed Approach to Guide Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients With Stage II/III ER-positive, HER2-negative Breast Cancer [NCT05837455]Phase 281 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-30Not yet recruiting
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE GROUP / UCBG UC-0105/1304: SAFIR02_Breast - Evaluation of the Efficacy of High Throughput Genome Analysis as a Therapeutic Decision Tool for Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT02299999]Phase 21,460 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-07Active, not recruiting
Pilot Trial of an Implantable Microdevice for In Vivo Drug Sensitivity Testing in Patients With Early Stage, HER2-Positive or Triple Negative Breast Cancer [NCT02521363]11 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-31Active, not recruiting
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of [14C] BMS-275183 in Patients With Advanced Cancer [NCT00326131]Phase 16 participants Interventional2006-04-30Terminated
Phase II, Randomized, Open-label, International, Multicenter Study to Compare Efficacy of Standard Chemotherapy vs. Letrozole Plus Abemaciclib as Neoadjuvant Therapy in HR-positive/HER2-negative High/Intermediate Risk Breast Cancer Patients [NCT04293393]Phase 2200 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-02Active, not recruiting
Phase III, Randomized Study Of Epirubicin/Cyclophosphamide Followed By Taxane (Sequential Chemotherapy) Versus Epirubicin/Taxane (Concurrent Chemotherapy) As Adjuvant Treatment For Operable, Node-Positive Breast Cancer [NCT00140075]Phase 3606 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-11-30Completed
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Dalpiciclib Combined With Endocrine Therapy and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Luminal B/HER2-negative Breast Cancer and Biomarker Analysis: a Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Blinded Endpoint (PROBE) Tria [NCT05640778]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-10-01Recruiting
An Open Phase II, Multi Center Trial of BAY 59-8862 in Patients With Aggressive, Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00044551]Phase 229 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-02-28Completed
A Phase III Randomized Trial Assessing the Utility of a Test Dose Program With Taxanes [NCT00277043]Phase 3200 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-06-30Completed
An Uncontrolled Phase II Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous BAY59-8862 in Patients With Taxane-Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT00044525]Phase 282 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-04-30Completed
Prospective Study To Validate The Predictive Value Of Mammostrat Score, DDR Score And TLE3 Gene When A Taxane-Based Chemo Agents Or Anthracycline-Based Chemo Agent Is Used In The Neo-Adjuvant Setting [NCT02067416]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Funding agent withdrew funding)
A Phase II,Randomized Study of an Addition Intraperitoneal Cisplatin and Etoposide to Standard First-line Therapy in Stage IIIC and Stage IV Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer (EOC, FTC, PPC) [NCT01669226]Phase 2215 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
A Phase II, Randomized Study of Cytoreductive Surgery Combined With Niraparib Maintenance in Platinum-sensitive, Secondary Recurrent Ovarian Cancer [NCT03983226]Phase 2167 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-10-18Recruiting
Neoadjuvant TCHP Versus THP in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-positive Breast Cancer (neoCARHP) : a Randomized, Open-label, Multicenter, Phase III Trial [NCT04858529]Phase 3774 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-04-30Recruiting
Interest of the Addition of Docetaxel to Standard Treatment in First-line Advanced HER2 Positive Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma in Selective Patients [NCT04920747]65 participants (Actual)Observational2021-04-01Completed
A Phase II Study of RRx-001 in Platinum Refractory/Resistant Small Cell Carcinoma, EGFR TKI Resistant EGFR+ T790M Negative Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, High Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors and Resistant/Refractory Ovarian Cancer Prior to Re-administration of P [NCT02489903]Phase 2139 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-30Completed
A Randomized, Multicenter, Adaptive Phase II/III Study To Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety Of Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) Versus Taxane (Docetaxel Or Paclitaxel) In Patients With Previously Treated Locally Advanced Or Metastatic HER2-Positive Gastric Ca [NCT01641939]Phase 2/Phase 3415 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-03Terminated
A Phase 1b/2 Study of BMS-986442 in Combination With Nivolumab or Nivolumab and Chemotherapies in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT05543629]Phase 1/Phase 2225 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-10-04Recruiting
A Prospective Study for Real-world Data (RWD) of Ramucirumab Plus Paclitaxel in Patients With Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma [NCT04915807]222 participants (Anticipated)Observational [Patient Registry]2021-06-30Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-label, Phase III Trial Comparing Anthracyclines Followed by Taxane Versus Anthracyclines Followed by Taxane Plus Carboplatin as (Neo) Adjuvant Therapy in Patients With Triple-negative Breast Cancer [NCT02441933]Phase 3840 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-12-31Recruiting
Phase III Study of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-DXd) With or Without Pertuzumab Versus Taxane, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in HER2-positive, First-line Metastatic Breast Cancer (DESTINY-Breast09) [NCT04784715]Phase 31,157 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-04-26Active, not recruiting
Epirubicin-Cyclophosphamide Followed by Taxanes or Taxanes Plus Carboplatin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer：A Prospective, Randomized, Phase III Trial [NCT02455141]Phase 3970 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-07-31Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Median Number of Months of Survival
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Median Number of Months to Response
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Other Significant AEs: Acneform Rash
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced the Most Frequent Grade 3-4 Serum Chemistry Abnormalities Occurring in >=5% Participants
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Died, or Experienced Other Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing AEs Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Median Change From Baseline in Symptoms, by Time Point
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Improvement of Symptoms
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Other Significant AEs: Cardiac AEs
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR) or Stable Disease (SD)
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Exprienced the Most Frequent Grade 3-4 Hematology Abnormalities Occurring in >=5% Participants
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Median Number of Months of Response
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Median Number of Months of Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT00112294 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Other Significant AEs: Infusion Reaction
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Average Anti-Emetic Dose Use After Chemotherapy Alone
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Quality of Life Comparison - Average FACT-O Scoring in Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM)
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Comparison of Average Salivary IgA Level in Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Average Number of Anti-Emetic Prescriptions Used After Chemotherapy + CAM
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Average Natural Killer Cell Count Levels Before Chemotherapy and CAM
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Average Natural Killer Cell Count Levels Before Chemotherapy Alone
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Average Anti-Emetic Dose Use After Chemotherapy Plus CAM
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Average Number of Anti-Emetic Prescriptions Used After Chemotherapy Alone
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Comparison of Average White Blood Cell Count in Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Comparison of Number of Patients Having Infection After Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Comparison of Number of Patients Who Were Hospitalized After Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Delays In Receiving Chemotherapy Alone
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Delays In Receiving Chemotherapy Plus CAM
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Comparison of Average T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes for Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM
NCT00293293 (15) [back to overview]Comparison of Mental Health Inventory (MHI) Questionnaire Results - Average for Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM
NCT00448591 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Disease Progression
NCT00448591 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Recorded Death
NCT00448591 (6) [back to overview]Time to Progression (TTP)
NCT00448591 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious AEs (SAEs) Related to Bevacizumab, Death, and AEs of Special Interest (AESIs)
NCT00448591 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00448591 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants by Best Overall Response to Treatment
NCT00475670 (10) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) - Percentage of Participants With Progressive Disease
NCT00475670 (10) [back to overview]Duration of Response - Percentage of Participants With Progressive Disease or Death
NCT00475670 (10) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00475670 (10) [back to overview]Overall Survival - Percentage of Participants Who Died
NCT00475670 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.0 Guidelines
NCT00475670 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Clinical Benefit According to RECIST Guidelines
NCT00475670 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment Failure
NCT00475670 (10) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival
NCT00475670 (10) [back to overview]Duration of Response
NCT00475670 (10) [back to overview]Time to Treatment Failure
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]AUC (0-inf): Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Zero (Pre-dose) Extrapolated to Infinite Time of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Time to Tumor Response (TTR)
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Time to 50% Serologic Response (TSR)
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Vd: Volume of Distribution of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Objective Response
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Length of Second Remission Greater Than First Remission
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Duration of Tumor Response
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Duration of 50% Serologic Response
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Cancer Antigen-125 (CA-125) Progression-Free Survival
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival Based on Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) Criteria
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Tmax: Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Clinical Benefit
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]T1/2: Terminal Half-life of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Serologic Response (SR)
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Mean Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovarian Treatment Outcome Index (FACT-O TOI) Scores
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]Vd: Volume of Distribution of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]CL: Clearance of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]CL: Clearance of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel
NCT00849667 (22) [back to overview]AUC (0-inf): Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Zero (Pre-dose) Extrapolated to Infinite Time of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part I: TTP in Intent to Treat (ITT) Population
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part II: PFS in ITT Population
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part II: TTP in Intent to Treat (ITT) Population
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part I and II: Percentage of Participants With a Best Overall Response of CR or PR in ITT Population
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part I and II: Percentage of Participants With a Response by Best Overall Response by CR, PR, SD or PD in ITT Population
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part I: Percentage of Participants With a Best Overall Response (BOR) of Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), Stable Disease (SD) or Progrerssive Disease (PD) by Biomarker
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part I: Progression Free Survival (PFS) by Biomarker
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part I: Time to Progression (TTP) by Biomarker
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part II: Percentage of Participants With a Best Overall Response of CR, PR, SD or PD by Biomarker
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part II: Progression Free Survival (PFS) by Biomarker
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part II: TTP by Biomarker
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Overall Survival in ITT Population
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Overall Survival in Per Protocol Population
NCT00885755 (14) [back to overview]Part I: PFS in ITT Population
NCT01446016 (4) [back to overview]Time to Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01446016 (4) [back to overview]Time of Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01446016 (4) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR)
NCT01446016 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3 of Greater Adverse Events
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Duration of Objective Response (DOR) - Phase 3
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) - Phase 2 (Dose Selection Portion of the Study)
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)- Phase 3
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Advanced Gastric Cancer (AGC) Symptom Progression - Phase 3
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Disease Progression or Death According to Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST v1.1) - Phase 3
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Objective Response According to mRECIST v1.1 - Phase 3
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS) According to Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST v1.1) - Phase 3
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Time to Advanced Gastric Cancer (AGC) Symptom Progression - Phase 3
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Extrapolated Infinite Time [AUCinf] - Stage 1
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of N2'-Deacetyl-N2'-(3-mercapto-1-oxopropyl)-Maytansine (DM1) - Stage 1
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) and Total Trastuzumab - Stage 1
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) and Total Trastuzumab - Stage 2
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Improvement in European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Module 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) Score - Phase 3
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Improvement in Quality of Life Questionnaire Stomach Cancer Module 22 (QLQ-STO22) Score - Phase 3
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Plasma Decay Half-Life (t1/2) - Stage 1
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Systemic Clearance (CL) - Stage 1
NCT01641939 (17) [back to overview]Volume of Distribution at Steady State (Vss) - Stage 1

Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)

Tumor response was defined as the number of participants whose best response was CR or PR, per the IRRC assessment, using the modified WHO criteria: CR: disappearance of all index/non-index lesions; PR: >= 50% reduction in the SOPD of index lesions compared with the baseline SOPD, with no evidence of progression. To qualify as CR or PR, no new lesions could be present. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From randomization to end of study drug therapy (up to 174 weeks).

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)87
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)58

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Median Number of Months of Survival

The median number of months of survival was defined as the time from randomization to the date of death. For participants who did not die, the date of last contact was used. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From randomization to death or date of last contact (up to 41 months).

InterventionMonths (Median)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)9.69
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)8.38

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Median Number of Months to Response

The median number of months to response was calculated for participants whose best response was CR or PR. It was defined as the time from the first dose of study therapy to the first date that criteria for PR or CR (whichever occurred first)were met. Response was assessed by the IRRC, using the modified WHO criteria: CR: disappearance of all index/non-index lesions; PR: >= 50% reduction in the SOPD of index lesions compared with the baseline SOPD, with no evidence of progression. To qualify as CR or PR, no new lesions could be present. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: Time from first dose of study therapy to the date of PR or CR, whichever occurred first (up to 13 months).

InterventionMonths (Median)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)1.38
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)1.35

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Number of Participants Experiencing Other Significant AEs: Acneform Rash

"An AE was defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition (even if not caused by the study drug). For this study, it was decided that AEs that were categorized under the composite term acneform rash were of particular importance. These AEs were: rash, rash pustular, rash erythematous, dermatitis acneiform, dermatitis exfoliative, rash papular, rash pruritic, rash generalised, rash macular, rash maculo-papular, acne, acne pustular, skin desquamation and dry skin." (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From start of study drug therapy up to 30 days after the last dose (up to 178 weeks).

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)246
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)56

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Number of Participants Who Experienced the Most Frequent Grade 3-4 Serum Chemistry Abnormalities Occurring in >=5% Participants

Abnormalities were graded according to the NCI CTC, version 3.0. The scale is graded from 1 (least severe) to 4 (life threatening). Grade 3 and 4 criteria are defined as follows: Hyperglycemia (non-fasting): Grade 3, serum glucose >13.9 - 27.8 mmol/L; Grade 4 >27.8 mmol/L or acidosis. Hypomagnesemia: Grade 3, serum magnesium >1.23 - 3.30 mmol/L; Grade 4 >3.30 mmol/L. Hyponatremia: Grade 3, serum sodium <130 - 120 mmol/L; Grade 4 <120 mmol/L. Low albumin: Grade 3, serum albumin <20 g/L; Grade 4 not applicable. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From start of study drug therapy up to 30 days after the last dose (up to 178 weeks).

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Hyperglycemia (non-fasting)HypomagnesemiaHyponatremiaLow albumin
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)33262517
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)362219

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Number of Participants Who Died, or Experienced Other Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE was defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition (even if not caused by the study drug). An SAE was defined as an AE that resulted in death, was life-threatening, required hospitalization (or prolongation of existing hospitalization), or was an important medical event. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From start of study drug therapy up to 30 days after the last dose (up to 178 weeks).

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
DeathSerious adverse eventsAdverse events
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)38183324
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)27121320

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Number of Participants Experiencing AEs Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation

An AE was defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition (even if not caused by the study drug). The results presented are stratified according to which drug was discontinued. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From start of study drug therapy up to 30 days after the last dose (up to 178 weeks).

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
CetuximabTaxaneCarboplatin
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)1008078
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)05452

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Median Change From Baseline in Symptoms, by Time Point

Symptoms were assessed using the FACT-LCS questionnaire. This 7-item scale has scores ranging from 0 (severely symptomatic) to 28 (symptom-free). The median change from baseline score was calculated at 3-weekly intervals. See also Outcome Measure 8. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From randomization to evidence of disease progression/death or date of last symptom assessment (up to 33 weeks).

,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Median)
3 weeks (n = 286, 257)6 weeks (n = 254, 221)9 weeks (n = 203, 175)12 weeks (n = 178, 161)15 weeks (n = 155, 121)18 weeks (n = 126, 91)21 weeks (n = 96, 43)24 weeks (n = 90, 41)27 weeks (n = 60, 22)30 weeks (n = 56, 15)33 weeks (n = 43, 7)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)1.01.01.01.01.01.02.02.03.01.52.1
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)0.81.01.00.01.02.03.01.03.53.03.0

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Number of Participants With Improvement of Symptoms

Symptoms were assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Lung Cancer Subscale (FACT-LCS) questionnaire. This 7-item scale has scores ranging from 0 (severely symptomatic in all symptoms assessed) to 28 (symptom-free on all symptoms assessed). Symptom response (improvement) was defined as >= 2-point increase from baseline in score (maintained for 2 consecutive assessments, at least 3 weeks apart). Participants with a baseline score of >= 27 were not evaluable, as it would not have been possible to show an improvement. Participants with no baseline data were also not evaluable. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From randomization to evidence of disease progression/death or date of last symptom assessment (up to 33 weeks).

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)107
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)92

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Number of Participants Experiencing Other Significant AEs: Cardiac AEs

"An AE was defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition (even if not caused by the study drug). For this study, it was decided that AEs that were categorized under the composite term cardiac AE were of particular importance. These AEs, coded as preferred or other level Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities [MedDRA] terms were: coronary artery disorders, cardiac arrhythmias, heart failures not elsewhere classified, left ventricular failures, sudden cardiac death, cardiac death and sudden death." (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From start of study drug therapy up to 30 days after the last dose (up to 178 weeks).

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)58
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)25

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Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR) or Stable Disease (SD)

Disease control was defined as the number of participants whose best response was CR, PR, or SD, per the IRRC assessment, using the modified WHO criteria: CR: disappearance of all index/non-index lesions; PR:>= 50% reduction in the SOPD of index lesions compared with the baseline SOPD, with no evidence of progression (to qualify as CR or PR, no new lesions could be present); SD: participants who did not meet the criteria for CR, PR, or PD (PD:>=25% increase in SOPD of lesions compared with smallest SOPD recorded for study period or progression of any non-index lesion/appearance of new lesion). (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From randomization to end of study drug therapy (up to 174 weeks).

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)230
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)212

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Number of Participants Who Exprienced the Most Frequent Grade 3-4 Hematology Abnormalities Occurring in >=5% Participants

Abnormalities were graded according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC), version 3.0. The scale is graded from 1 (least severe) to 4 (life threatening). Grade 3 and 4 criteria are defined as follows: Neutropenia: Grade 3, neutrophils <1.0 - 0.5 x 10^9/L; Grade 4, <0.5 x 10^9/L. Leukopenia: Grade 3, leukocytes <2.0 - 1.0 x 10^9/L; Grade 4, <1.0 x 10^9/L. Thrombocytopenia: Grade 3, platelets <50.0 - 25.0 x 10^9/L; Grade 4, <25.0 x 10^9/L. Anemia: Grade 3, hemoglobin <4.9 - 4.0 millimoles (mmol)/L, Grade 4, <4.0 mmol/L. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From start of study drug therapy up to 30 days after the last dose (up to 178 weeks).

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
NeutropeniaLeukopeniaThrombocytopeniaAnemia
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)1981393317
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)177972915

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Median Number of Months of Response

Median number of months of response (time from first occurrence of CR/PR to date of PD/death, [per IRRC assessment,using modified WHO criteria]) calculated for participants whose best response=CR/PR.For participants who did not progress/die, date of last tumor assessment used.CR:disappearance of all index/non-index lesions;PR:>= 50% reduction in SOPD of index lesions compared with baseline, no evidence of progression.No new lesions present.PD:>=25% increase in SOPD of lesions compared with smallest SOPD recorded for study period or progression of any non-index lesion/appearance of new lesion. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: Time from first occurrence of CR or PR (whichever was recorded first) to the date of PD, death or date of last tumor assessment (up to 19 months).

InterventionMonths (Median)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)5.55
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)4.90

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Median Number of Months of Progression-free Survival (PFS)

Interval between randomization date & earliest date of disease progression/death due to any cause, assessed by the Independent Radiology Review Committee (IRRC) using modified World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to define progressive disease (PD): >=25% increase in sum of products of diameters (SOPD) of lesions compared with smallest SOPD recorded for study period or progression of any non-index lesion/appearance of new lesion. If no progression/death, date of last tumor assessment used. For participants who had no on-study tumor assessments & were still alive, date of randomization used. (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From randomization to evidence of disease progression/death or date of last tumor assessment (up to 26 months).

InterventionMonths (Median)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)4.40
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)4.24

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Number of Participants Experiencing Other Significant AEs: Infusion Reaction

"AE=any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of pre-existing medical condition (even if not caused by the study drug). For this study, it was decided that AEs that were categorized under the composite term infusion reaction were of particular importance. These AEs were: infusion-related reaction, hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactic shock, and anaphylactoid reaction regardless of when they occurred. The terms dyspnea, pyrexia and chills were also grouped under infusion reaction, provided the onset date of these toxicities occurred on the first day of study treatment." (NCT00112294)
Timeframe: From start of study drug therapy up to 30 days after the last dose (up to 178 weeks).

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Cetuximab+Taxane+Carboplatin (C/T/C)45
Taxane+Carboplatin (T/C)18

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Average Anti-Emetic Dose Use After Chemotherapy Alone

Determined by averaging the total dose of anti-emetic medications given (in milligrams) per patient. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

InterventionDose (mg) per participant (Mean)
Chemotherapy Alone453.2

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Quality of Life Comparison - Average FACT-O Scoring in Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Measured by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovarian (FACT-O) questionnaire was used to assess patients' quality of life before each chemotherapy cycle. It is a standardized self-administered questionnaire measuring many aspects of quality of life (0 to 4; Not at all, A little bit, Some-what, Quite a bit, Very much) as related to patients with ovarian cancers. The quality of life measures include the total FACT-O score (minimum value 0, maximum value 200). Questionnaires are recoded in the final analysis phase so that a higher score reflected more adverse effects on quality of life. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Cycle 1 (Day -2 to +1), Every 3rd cycle (1 cycle = approx 21 days) and 6 Months Post Chemotherapy

,
InterventionScores on a Scale (Mean)
Prior to Cycle 1Prior to Cycle 3Prior to Cycle 66 Months Post Chemotherapy (+/- 15 days)
Chemotherapy + CAM152152152162
Chemotherapy Alone143154158173

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Comparison of Average Salivary IgA Level in Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM

Determined from collection of saliva during treatment phase of study and recorded in mg/dL units. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Chemotherapy Alone14.07
Chemotherapy + CAM8.66

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Average Number of Anti-Emetic Prescriptions Used After Chemotherapy + CAM

Determined by averaging the total number of anti-emetic prescriptions given per patient after chemotherapy and complementary alternative medicine. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

InterventionPrescriptions per participant (Mean)
Chemotherapy Plus CAM5.95

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Average Natural Killer Cell Count Levels Before Chemotherapy and CAM

Natural killer cells are identified as CD3 (-), CD56(+) and CD16 (+). Phenotypic analysis and measurement of NK cells (NK cell count in mm^3 drawn before chemotherapy) using flow cytometry and specific mAb. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

InterventionCells per mm^3 (Mean)
Chemotherapy Plus CAM244

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Average Natural Killer Cell Count Levels Before Chemotherapy Alone

Natural killer cells are identified as CD3 (-), CD56(+) and CD16 (+). Phenotypic analysis and measurement of NK cells (NK cell count in mm^3 drawn before chemotherapy) using flow cytometry and specific mAb. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

InterventionCells per mm^3 (Mean)
Chemotherapy Alone213

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Average Anti-Emetic Dose Use After Chemotherapy Plus CAM

Determined by averaging the total dose of anti-emetic medications given (in milligrams) per patient after receiving chemotherapy and complementary alternative medicine. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

InterventionDose (mg) per participant (Mean)
Chemotherapy Plus CAM604.2

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Average Number of Anti-Emetic Prescriptions Used After Chemotherapy Alone

Determined by averaging the total number of anti-emetic prescriptions given per patient after receiving chemotherapy. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

InterventionPrescriptions per participant (Mean)
Chemotherapy Alone4.75

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Comparison of Average White Blood Cell Count in Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM

Determined from white blood cell counts collected during treatment phase of study; average applied. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy through 6th Treatment with Chemotherapy (average 6 months)

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Mean)
Chemotherapy Alone5653
Chemotherapy + CAM6144

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Comparison of Number of Patients Having Infection After Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM

Number of patients that had infections requiring antibiotic therapy or admission to the hospital that received either chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus complementary alternative medicine. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Chemotherapy Alone2
Chemotherapy + CAM3

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Comparison of Number of Patients Who Were Hospitalized After Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM

Count of patients who were admitted to the hospital after receiving chemotherapy treatment or chemotherapy plus complementary alternative medicine. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Chemotherapy Alone5
Chemotherapy + CAM6

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Number of Patients With Delays In Receiving Chemotherapy Alone

Number of patients who had to delay their chemotherapy treatments due to side effects. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Chemotherapy Alone8

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Number of Patients With Delays In Receiving Chemotherapy Plus CAM

Number of patients who had to delay their chemotherapy treatments and or complementary alternative medicine due to side effects. (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Chemotherapy Plus CAM7

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Comparison of Average T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes for Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM

Average count determined - collected during treatment phase of study - Includes T-helper/inducer, CD4 and CD8 cells; number of CD4 and CD8 cells (in mm^3). (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Chemotherapy (Day -2 to +1) through Cycle 6 Chemotherapy (Approx. 168-180 Days)

,
Interventioncells/mm^3 (Mean)
CD4CD8
Chemotherapy + CAM811364
Chemotherapy Alone680281

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Comparison of Mental Health Inventory (MHI) Questionnaire Results - Average for Chemotherapy Alone vs. Chemotherapy Plus CAM

The MHI asks questions about how the consumer is feeling and coping with usual life activities. It provides measurable information about the consumer's wellbeing (anxiety, depression, loss of emotional control, general positive affect and emotional ties). A single score based on all items designed as high level summary index of the person's mental health status. High scores on the Mental Health Index indicate greater psychological well being and relatively less psychological distress (range is 38-240). (NCT00293293)
Timeframe: Prior to Cycle 1 (Day -2 to +1), Every 3rd cycle (1 cycle = approx 21 days) and 6 Months Post Chemotherapy

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Prior to Cycle 1Prior to Cycle 3Prior to Cycle 66 Months Post Chemotherapy (+/- 15 days)
Chemotherapy + CAM191189197187
Chemotherapy Alone195182196203

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Percentage of Participants With Disease Progression

Disease progression was assessed by the investigator per standard clinical practice using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. (NCT00448591)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 4, final visit and every 3 months during follow-up until disease progression or death up to 45 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bevacizumab72.44

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Percentage of Participants With Recorded Death

(NCT00448591)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 4, final visit and every 3 months during follow-up until disease progression or death up to 45 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bevacizumab53.14

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Time to Progression (TTP)

TTP was defined as the time period from the start of first-line therapy to investigator-assessed disease progression. Tumor assessments were performed according to standard clinical practice using NCI criteria. Participants who had not progressed at the time of analysis (including those who died before progressive disease [PD]) or who were lost to follow-up were censored at the last bevacizumab administration date. Time to disease progression was determined by Kaplan-Meier estimates. (NCT00448591)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 4, final visit and every 3 months during follow-up until disease progression or death up to 45 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Bevacizumab9.7

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Overall Survival

Overall Survival was defined as the time from start of first-line therapy to death due to any cause. Participants for whom no death was captured in the clinical database were censored at the last date they were known to be alive. Median time to overall survival was calculated by Kaplan Meier estimates. (NCT00448591)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 4, Final Visit and every 3 months during follow-up until death up to 45 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Bevacizumab25.2

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Percentage of Participants by Best Overall Response to Treatment

Best overall response is defined as the best response shown throughout the study. Tumor assessment was performed by the investigator using standard clinical practice. (NCT00448591)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 4, final visit and every 3 months during follow-up until disease progression or death up to 45 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Complete responsePartial responseStable diseaseProgressive diseaseNot evaluableAssessment not done
Bevacizumab9.045.132.49.10.14.2

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) - Percentage of Participants With Progressive Disease

PFS was defined as the time from day of first study drug infusion until death or PD. Participants were censored at the date of the last tumor assessment. (NCT00475670)
Timeframe: BL, Day 1 of Weeks 7, 13, 19, 25, 37, and 52, at the last administration of study treatment, every 24 weeks thereafter until disease progression for up to 6 months after the last participant was recruited

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Trastuzumab, Taxane87.8

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Duration of Response - Percentage of Participants With Progressive Disease or Death

Duration of response was defined as the time from first confirmed CR or PR until death or progressive disease (PD). For TLs, PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the SLD of the TL, taking as reference the smallest SLD recorded since the beginning of treatment or the appearance of one or more new lesions. For NTLs, PD was defined as the appearance of one or more new lesions or unequivocal progression of existing non target non-measurable lesions. Participants were censored at the date of the last tumor assessment. (NCT00475670)
Timeframe: BL, Day 1 of Weeks 7, 13, 19, 25, 37, and 52, at the last administration of study treatment, every 24 weeks thereafter until disease progression for up to 6 months after the last participant was recruited

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Trastuzumab, Taxane88.0

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Overall Survival

The time, in months, from BL to death due to any cause. (NCT00475670)
Timeframe: BL, Day 1 of Weeks 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 25, 37, and 52 at the last administration of study treatment, every 24 weeks thereafter until disease progression or death, yearly thereafter up to 2 years after cessation of recruitment

Interventionmonths (Median)
Trastuzumab, Taxane25.0

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Overall Survival - Percentage of Participants Who Died

OS was defined as the time from the date of enrollment to the date of death due to any cause. Participants were censored at the last date recorded in the CRF. (NCT00475670)
Timeframe: BL, Day 1 of Weeks 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 25, 37, and 5 at the last administration of study treatment, every 24 weeks thereafter until disease progression or death, yearly thereafter up to 2 years after cessation of recruitment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Trastuzumab, Taxane63.4

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.0 Guidelines

CR was defined for target lesions (TLs) as the disappearance of all lesions, and for nontarget lesions (NTLs) as the disappearance of all nontarget nonmeasurable lesions. PR was defined for TLs as at least a 30 percent (%) decrease from baseline (BL) in the sum of longest diameter (SLD) of TLs. 95% confidence interval for one-sample binomial using Pearson-Clopper method. (NCT00475670)
Timeframe: Baseline (BL); Day 1 of Weeks 7, 13, 19, 25, 37, and 52, at the last administration of study treatment, every 24 weeks thereafter until disease progression for up to 6 months after the last participant was recruited

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Trastuzumab, Taxane61.0

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Percentage of Participants With Clinical Benefit According to RECIST Guidelines

Clinical benefit was defined as stable disease (SD) for 6 months or longer, or a confirmed overall response of CR or PR. For TLs, SD was defined as neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest SLD since the beginning of treatment. For NTLs, SD was synonymous with incomplete response and defined as the persistence of one or more NTLs and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT00475670)
Timeframe: BL, Day 1 of Weeks 7, 13, 19, 25, 37, and 52, at the last administration of study treatment, every 24 weeks thereafter until disease progression for up to 6 months after the last participant was recruited

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Trastuzumab, Taxane70.7

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment Failure

Treatment failure was defined as the time from first study drug infusion to failure. Failure was defined as any of the following: PD, death, withdrawal due to adverse event (AE) or lab abnormality, or refusal of treatment. Participants were censored at the last date recorded in the case report form (CRF) or the date of withdrawal. (NCT00475670)
Timeframe: BL, Day 1 of Weeks 7, 13, 19, 25, 37, and 52, at the last administration of study treatment, every 24 weeks thereafter until disease progression for up to 6 months after the last participant was recruited

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Trastuzumab, Taxane95.1

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Progression-Free Survival

The time, in months, from BL to PFS event. (NCT00475670)
Timeframe: BL, Day 1 of Weeks 7, 13, 19, 25, 37, and 52, at the last administration of study treatment, every 24 weeks thereafter until disease progression for up to 6 months after the last participant was recruited

Interventionmonths (Median)
Trastuzumab, Taxane8.0

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Duration of Response

The time, in months, from when the response (CR or PR) was first noted until the date of documented PD, death, or withdrawal, whichever occurred first. Participants were censored at the date of the last tumor assessment. (NCT00475670)
Timeframe: BL, Day 1 of Weeks 7, 13, 19, 25, 37, and 52, at the last administration of study treatment, every 24 weeks thereafter until disease progression for up to 6 months after the last participant was recruited

Interventionmonths (Median)
Trastuzumab, Taxane8.0

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Time to Treatment Failure

The time, in months, from BL to treatment failure. (NCT00475670)
Timeframe: BL, Day 1 of Weeks 7, 13, 19, 25, 37, and 52, at the last administration of study treatment, every 24 weeks thereafter until disease progression for up to 6 months after the last participant was recruited

Interventionmonths (Median)
Trastuzumab, Taxane8.0

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AUC (0-inf): Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Zero (Pre-dose) Extrapolated to Infinite Time of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel

(NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Week 1 Day 1: 0-45 hours post-dose (cycle length=21 days)

Interventionmicrogram hour per liter (mcg*h/L) (Mean)
Total Carboplatin
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin58.70

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Time to Tumor Response (TTR)

Time to tumor response was defined as the time (in months) from the date of randomization to first documentation of objective tumor response. Time to tumor response was derived for those participants with objective evidence of CR or PR. (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to first documentation of objective response (up to 48 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin1.5
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin1.5
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin1.5

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Time to 50% Serologic Response (TSR)

TSR was defined as the time (in months) from the date of randomization to first documentation of 50% SR. A 50% response according to CA-125 was defined as a 50% decrease in serum CA-125 levels, as determined through a series of three CA-125 samples (one baseline sample with an elevated level, the sample that showed a 50% decrease, and a confirmatory sample at the decreased level). (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to first documentation of 50% SR (up to 48 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin1.0
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin0.9
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin1.2

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Vd: Volume of Distribution of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel

(NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Week 1 Day 1: 0-45 hours post-dose (cycle length=21 days)

Interventionliter (Mean)
Total Carboplatin
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin28.20

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as the time (in months) from the date of randomization to the date of the first observation of progression based on the independent radiologic assessment (modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors [RECIST]), or date of death, whatever the cause. As per RECIST, disease progression was defined as at least a 20 percent (%) increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters of target lesions. If progression or death was not observed for a participant, the PFS time was censored at the date of the last tumor assessment without evidence of progression before the date of initiation of further antitumor treatment, or the cutoff date (whichever was earlier). (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to the date of first documentation of disease progression, or date of death, whichever occurred first (up to 44 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin9.5
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin9.7
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin9.0

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Percentage of Participants With Objective Response

Objective response was defined as either a confirmed complete response (CR) or confirmed partial response (PR) as assessed by investigator based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumors version 1.1 (RECIST version 1.1). CR was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have a reduction in their short axis less than (<) 10 millimeters (mm). PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to the date of first documentation of disease progression, or date of death, whichever occurred first (up to 48 months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin57.6
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin58.2
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin55.8

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Percentage of Participants With Length of Second Remission Greater Than First Remission

Length of first remission was defined as a.) the period of time (in months) from the date of completion of previous platinum-based chemotherapy until date of first relapse (that is, first observation of progression). It was assumed that the date of first relapse was the earlier of progression by CA-125 or progression by radiologic assessment, as judged by the investigator using GCIG criteria. b.) the period of time (in months) from the date of completion of previous platinum-based chemotherapy (used prior to study entry) until date of randomization. The length of the second remission was defined as the period of time (in months) from the date of completion of platinum-based chemotherapy until the first observation of progression based on GCIG criteria. Based on GCIG criteria, disease progression was defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters of target lesions. (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: From the date of last dose of platinum-based chemotherapy to date of relapse and date of last dose of platinum-based chemotherapy to first observation of progression (up to 48 months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin4.0
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin6.5
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin4.5

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as the time (in months) from the date of randomization to the date of death, due to any cause. If death was not observed for a participant, the survival time was censored on the last date the participant was known to be alive or the cutoff date, whichever was earlier. (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization until date of death from any cause, or study termination by sponsor, whichever came first (up to 48 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin28.7
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin32.1
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin29.1

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Duration of Tumor Response

Duration of response was defined as the time (in months) from first documentation of objective response (confirmed CR or PR) to the first documentation of objective tumor progression or death due to any cause. Duration of response was derived only for those participants with objective evidence of confirmed CR or PR. (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: From the first date of confirmed objective response (CR or PR) to first date of progression or death due to any cause (up to 48 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin8.0
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin8.9
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin7.6

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Duration of 50% Serologic Response

Duration of SR was defined as the time (in months) from first documentation of response to the first documentation of 50% serologic progression or death due to any cause. For responding participants who did not have serologic progression or did not die and who 1) were either still on study at the time of an analysis, 2) were given antitumor treatment other than study treatment, or 3) were withdrawn from study follow-up before documentation of serologic progression, the duration of SR was censored at the last date the participant was known to be without serologic progression. A 50% response according to CA-125 was defined as a 50% decrease in serum CA-125 levels, as determined through a series of three CA-125 samples (one baseline sample with an elevated level, the sample that showed a 50% decrease, and a confirmatory sample at the decreased level). (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: From the first date of documentation of response to first documentation of serologic progression or death due to any cause (up to 48 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin10.7
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin12.0
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin9.9

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Cancer Antigen-125 (CA-125) Progression-Free Survival

"CA-125 PFS was defined as the time (in months) from the date of randomization until the date of the first observation of progression based on the Rustin criteria, or date of death, whatever the cause. If progression or death was not observed for a participant, the CA-125 PFS time was censored at the date of the last CA-125 assessment without evidence of progression before the date of initiation of further antitumor treatment or the primary analysis cut off date, whichever was earlier. Based on Rustin criteria, progressive disease (PD) was a rise in CA125 since beginning of consolidation or previously normal CA125 that rises to greater than or equal to (>=) 2 multiple (*) ULN with either event documented on two occasions or CA-125 >=2*nadir value with either event documented on two occasions." (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to the date of first documentation of disease progression, or date of death, whichever occurred first (up to 44 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin13.2
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin18.1
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin12.0

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Progression-Free Survival Based on Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) Criteria

"PFS using GCIG criteria was defined as time (in months) from date of randomization until date of first observation of progression based on GCIG criteria, or date of death, whatever the cause. If progression or death was not observed for a participant, GCIG PFS time was censored at later date of last tumor assessment or CA-125 assessment without evidence of progression before date of initiation of further antitumor treatment or the primary analysis cut off date, whichever was earlier. Disease progression per GCIG: Participants with elevated CA-125 pretreatment and normalisation of CA-125 must show evidence of CA-125 >=two times ULN on two occasions at least one week apart or participants with elevated CA-125 pretreatment, which never normalises must show evidence of CA-125 >=two times nadir value on two occasions at least one week apart or participants with CA-125 in normal range pretreatment must show evidence of CA-125 >=two times ULN on two occasions at least one week apart." (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to the date of first documentation of disease progression, or date of death, whichever occurred first (up to 44 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin8.8
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin8.6
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin8.4

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Tmax: Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel

(NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Week 1 Day 1: 0-45 hours post-dose (cycle length=21 days)

,,
Interventionhours (Median)
Total CarboplatinTotal Paclitaxel
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin0.753.00
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin0.793.21
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin1.963.00

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Percentage of Participants With Clinical Benefit

Clinical benefit was defined as a confirmed CR or a confirmed PR, or stable disease (SD) using RECIST 1.0 criteria. CR was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have a reduction in their short axis <10 mm. PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. SD was defined as neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for progressive disease taking as reference smallest sum of longest dimensions since treatment started associated to non-progressive disease response for non target lesions. (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Up to 48 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin68.9
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin66.4
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin64.6

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T1/2: Terminal Half-life of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel

(NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Week 1 Day 1: 0-45 hours post-dose (cycle length=21 days)

,,
Interventionhours (Mean)
Total CarboplatinTotal Paclitaxel
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin2.941.55
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin1.644.82
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin1.724.78

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Percentage of Participants With Serologic Response (SR)

SR was defined as either normalization, 75% response, or 50% response using the Rustin criteria. Percentage of participants with 50% SR, 75% SR and SR leading to normalization were reported. A 50% response according to CA-125 was defined as a 50% decrease in serum CA-125 levels, as determined through a series of four CA-125 samples (one baseline sample with an elevated level, the sample that showed a 50% decrease, and a confirmatory sample at the decreased level). A 75% response was established if there had a serial decrease in serum CA-125 levels of 75% over three samples. In both the 50% and 75% response definitions, the final sample was analyzed at least 28 days after the previous sample. (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Up to 48 months

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
50% SR (Responder)75% SR (Responder)SR leading to normalization (Responder)
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin91.986.165.2
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin97.485.764.8
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin92.382.059.9

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Mean Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovarian Treatment Outcome Index (FACT-O TOI) Scores

Participant-reported Quality of Life (QoL) was measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovarian (FACT-O), version 4 and reported in the Treatment Outcome Index (TOI) format. TOI is a 26-item subset of the FACT-O questionnaire composed of the raw sum of the physical well-being subscale (7 items), the functional well-being subscale (7 items), and the ovarian cancer subscale (12 items). Each item was scored on a scale of 0 (not at all) to 4 (very much). Some items were reversed scored. Scores from each subsection were summed into one composite score, termed the FACT-O TOI score which ranged from 0 to 104 and a higher score reflected better QoL. As per planned analysis, farletuzumab treatment groups 1.25 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg were pooled for the QoL assessment. (NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Cycle 3, Cycle 6, Cycle 12 (each cycle length=21 days)

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Cycle 3Cycle 6Cycle 12
All Participants: Farletuzumab69.670.176.2
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin70.770.772.9

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Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel

(NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Week 1 Day 1: 0-45 hours post-dose (cycle length=21 days)

,,
Interventionmicrogram per milliliter (mcg/mL) (Mean)
Total CarboplatinTotal Paclitaxel
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin19.303.29
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin43.553.86
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin21.724.95

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Vd: Volume of Distribution of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel

(NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Week 1 Day 1: 0-45 hours post-dose (cycle length=21 days)

,
Interventionliter (Mean)
Total CarboplatinTotal Paclitaxel
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin20.30169.50
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin14.86110.23

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CL: Clearance of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel

(NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Week 1 Day 1: 0-45 hours post-dose (cycle length=21 days)

,
Interventionliter per hour (L/h) (Mean)
Total CarboplatinTotal Paclitaxel
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin8.7724.80
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin7.2121.00

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CL: Clearance of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel

(NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Week 1 Day 1: 0-45 hours post-dose (cycle length=21 days)

Interventionliter per hour (L/h) (Mean)
Total Carboplatin
1.25 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin6.65

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AUC (0-inf): Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Zero (Pre-dose) Extrapolated to Infinite Time of Total Carboplatin and Total Paclitaxel

(NCT00849667)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Week 1 Day 1: 0-45 hours post-dose (cycle length=21 days)

,
Interventionmicrogram hour per liter (mcg*h/L) (Mean)
Total CarboplatinTotal Paclitaxel
2.5 mg/kg Farletuzumab Plus Taxane and Carboplatin77.0512.30
Placebo Plus Taxane and Carboplatin70.3716.19

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Part I: TTP in Intent to Treat (ITT) Population

TTP was determined as the time in months from the date of screening until first progression. In participants with measurable disease, progression was defined according to RECIST (SLD increased by at least 20% from the smallest value on study [including baseline, if that is the smallest]). In participants with non-measurable disease, progression was defined as the presence of new lesions or unequivocal progression during treatment. (NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)22.21
Group B: Trastuzumab+Taxane/ Capecitabine <6 Weeks1.22

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Part II: PFS in ITT Population

PFS was calculated from first study medication in Part II to date of progression or death. In participants with measurable disease progression was defined according to RECIST (SLD increased by at least 20% from the smallest value on study [including baseline, if that is the smallest]). In participants with non-measurable disease, progression was defined as the presence of new lesions or unequivocal progression during treatment. (NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)5.65
Group B: Trastuzumab+Taxane/ Capecitabine <6 Weeks13.83

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Part II: TTP in Intent to Treat (ITT) Population

TTP was calculated from first study medication in Part II to date of progression. In participants with measurable disease progression was defined according to RECIST(SLD increased by at least 20% from the smallest value on study [including baseline, if that is the smallest]). In participants with non-measurable disease, progression was defined as the presence of new lesions or unequivocal progression during treatment. (NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 Cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)5.65
Group B: Trastuzumab+Taxane/ Capecitabine <6 Weeks13.83

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Part I and II: Percentage of Participants With a Best Overall Response of CR or PR in ITT Population

Best Overall response was defined according to RECIST. CR: disappearance of all target lesions and all pathological lymph nodes below 10 mm. PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. SD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD. PD: At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, and the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm or persistence of non-target lesions. (NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 Cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Part I: Responders (n=20)Part I: Non-Responders (n=20)Part I: Missing (n=20)Part II: Responders (n=9)Part II: Non-Responders (n=9)Part II: Missing (n=9)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capcetabine (6 Weeks)75.020.05.011.188.90.0

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Part I and II: Percentage of Participants With a Response by Best Overall Response by CR, PR, SD or PD in ITT Population

Best Overall response was defined according to RECIST. CR: disappearance of all target lesions and all pathological lymph nodes below 10 mm. PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. SD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD. PD: At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, and the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm or persistence of non-target lesions. (NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Part I: CR (n=20)Part I: PR (n=20)Part I: SD (n=20)Part I: PD (n=20)Part I: Missing (n=20)Part II: CR (n=9)Part II: PR (n=9)Part II: SD (n=9)Part II: PD (n=9)Part II: Missing (n=9)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)5.070.015.05.05.00.011.166.722.20.0

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Part I: Percentage of Participants With a Best Overall Response (BOR) of Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), Stable Disease (SD) or Progrerssive Disease (PD) by Biomarker

BOR was defined according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST). CR: disappearance of all target lesions and all pathological lymph nodes below 10 mm. PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions. SD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD. PD: At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, and the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm or persistence of non-target lesions. The relationship between best response and the following biomarkers was investigated: p95 HER2 (+ve/-ve), IGF1R, c-MET, PTEN, HER2 (median/≥median), PI3K catalytic subunit (WT/M), and FC gamma receptors IIIa, IIa and IIb (phenotypes FF, VF, VV, HH, HR, RR and II, IT and TT respectively). The correlation between the biomarker variables and percentage of participants with best response were investigated using a univariate regression analysis. (NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
p95 HER2 +ve CR (n=5)p95 HER2 +ve PR (n=5)p95 HER2 +ve SD (n=5)p95 HER2 +ve PD (n=5)p95 HER2 -ve CR (n=12)p95 HER2 -ve PR (n=12)p95 HER2 -ve SD (n=12)p95 HER2 -ve PD (n=12)IGF1R < median CR (n=9)IGF1R < median PR (n=9)IGF1R < median SD (n=9)IGF1R < median PD (n=9)IGF1R ≥median CR (n=9)IGF1R ≥median PR (n=9,0)IGF1R ≥median SD (n=9)IGF1R ≥median PD (n=9)c-MET c-METt c-MET c-MET c-MET ≥median CR (n=11)c-MET ≥median PR (n=11)c-MET ≥median SD (n=11)c-MET ≥median PD (n=11)PTEN PTEN PTEN PTEN PTEN ≥median CR (n=12)PTEN ≥median PR (n=12)PTEN ≥median SD (n=12)PTEN ≥median PD (n=12)HER2 HER2 HER2 HER2 HER2 ≥median CR (n=10)HER2 ≥median PR (n=10)HER2 ≥median SD (n=10)HER2 ≥median PD (n=10)PI3K Amino Acids WT CR (n=11)PI3K Amino Acids WT PR (n=11,0)PI3K Amino Acids WT SD (n=11)PI3K Amino Acids WT PD (n=11)PI3K Amino Acids M CR (n=7)PI3K Amino Acids M PR (n=7,0)PI3K Amino Acids M SD (n=7)PI3K Amino Acids M PD (n=7)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF CR (n=6)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF PR (n=6)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF SD (n=6)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF PD (n=6)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF CR (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF PR (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF SD (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF PD (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV CR (n=2)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV PR (n=2)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV SD (n=2)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV PD (n=2)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH CR (n=3)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH PR (n=3)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH SD (n=3)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH PD (n=3)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR CR (n=5)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR PR (n=5)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR SD (n=5)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR PD (n=5)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR CR (n=5)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR PR (n=5)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H SD RR (n=5)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR PD (n=5)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II CR (n=8)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II PR (n=8)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II SD (n=8)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II PD (n=8)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T IT CR (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T IT PR (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T IT SD (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T IT PD (n=1)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)0.025.050.025.00.091.78.30.00.062.537.50.00.088.90.011.10.083.30.016.70.070.030.00.00.083.316.70.00.072.718.29.10.075.012.512.50.077.822.20.00.090.00.010.00.057.142.90.016.750.016.716.70.066.733.30.00.0100.00.00.033.366.70.00.00.025.050.025.00.080.020.00.012.550.037.50.00.0100.00.00.0

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Part I: Progression Free Survival (PFS) by Biomarker

Progression was defined as an increase by at least 20 percent (%) from the smallest value in the Sum of Longest Diameter (SLD) of lesions. Biomarkers investigated: p95 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (p95HER2) positive (+ve) and negative (-ve) , insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) less than (<) median and greater than or equal to (≥) median membrane H score, c-MET NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 Cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 months

,
Interventionmonths (Median)
p95 HER2 +ve (n=9,0)p95 HER2 -ve (n=15,1)IGF1R IGF1R ≥median (n=14,1)c-MET c-MET ≥median (n=15,0)PTEN PTEN ≥median (n=14,1)HER2 HER2 ≥median (n=14,0)PI3K Amino Acids WT (n=17,1)PI3K Amino Acids M (n=9,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF (n=9,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF (n=5,1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV (n=4,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH (n=3,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR (n=8,1)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR (n=8,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II (n=12,1)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T IT (n=1,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T TT (n=1,0)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)NA13.96312.64922.20918.59513.73322.20913.96313.73322.20913.84822.40710.61211.33522.407NA22.20913.96311.335NANA
Group B: Trastuzumab+Taxane/ Capecitabine <6 WeeksNA1.216NA1.2161.216NANA1.2161.216NA1.216NANA1.216NANA1.216NA1.216NANA

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Part I: Time to Progression (TTP) by Biomarker

Progression was defined as an increase by at least 20% from the smallest value in the SLD of lesions.TTP was determined as the time in months from the date of screening until first progression.The relationship between PFS and the following biomarker variables was investigated in each of study Part 1 and 2: p95 HER2 +ve and -ve population, IGF1R NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 Cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 weeks

,
Interventionmonths (Median)
p95 +ve (n=9,0)p95 -ve (n=15,1)IGF1R IGF1R ≥median (n=14,1)c-MET c-MET ≥median (n=15,0)PTEN PTEN ≥median (n=14,1)HER2 HER2 ≥median (n=14,0)PI3K Amino Acids WT (n=17,1)PI3K Amino Acids M (n=9,00)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF (n=9,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF (n=5,1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV (n=4,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH (n=3,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR (n=8,1)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR (n=8,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II (n=12,1)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T IT (n=1,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T TT (n=1,0)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)NA13.96311.33522.40731.17922.20922.20913.963NA22.20913.96322.40713.96311.33522.407NA22.20913.96313.963NANA
Group B: Trastuzumab+Taxane/ Capecitabine <6 WeeksNA1.216NA1.2161.216NANA1.2161.216NA1.216NANA1.216NANA1.216NA1.216NANA

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Part II: Percentage of Participants With a Best Overall Response of CR, PR, SD or PD by Biomarker

Best Overall response was defined according to RECIST. CR: disappearance of all target lesions and all pathological lymph nodes below 10 mm.PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. SD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD. PD: At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, and the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm or persistence of non-target lesions. The relationship between best response and the following biomarkers was investigated: p95 HER2 (+ve/-ve), IGF1R, c-MET, PTEN, HER2 (NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
p95 HER2 +ve CR (n=2)p95 HER2 +ve PR (n=2)p95 HER2 +ve SD (n=2)p95 HER2 +ve PD (n=2)p95 HER2 -ve CR (n=4)p95 HER2 -ve PR (n=4)p95 HER2 -ve SD (n=4)p95 HER2 -ve PD (n=4)IGF1R IGF1R IGF1R IGF1R IGF1R ≥median CR (n=3)IGF1R ≥median PR (n=3)IGF1R ≥median SD (n=3)IGF1R ≥median PD (n=3)c-MET c-MET c-MET c-MET c-MET ≥median CR (n=4)c-MET ≥median PR (n=4)c-MET ≥median SD (n=4)c-MET ≥median PD (n=4)PTEN PTEN PTEN PTEN PTEN ≥median CR (n=2)PTEN ≥median PR (n=2)PTEN ≥median SD (n=2)PTEN ≥median PD (n=2)HER2 HER2 HER2 HER2 HER2 ≥median CR (n=4)HER2 ≥median PR (n=4)HER2 ≥median SD (n=4)HER2 ≥median PD (n=4)PI3K Amino Acids WT CR (n=7)PI3K Amino Acids WT PR (n=7)PI3K Amino Acids WT SD (n=7)PI3K Amino Acids WT PD (n=7)PI3K Amino Acids M CR (n=2)PI3K Amino Acids M PR (n=2)PI3K Amino Acids M SD (n=2)PI3K Amino Acids M PD (n=2)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF CR (n=3)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF PR (n=3)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF SD (n=3)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF PD (n=3)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF CR (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF PR (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF SD (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF PD (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV CR (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV PR (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV SD (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV PD (n=1)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH CR (n=0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH PR (n=0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH SD (n=0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH PD (n=0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR CR (n=5)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR PR (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR SD (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR PD (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR CR (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR PR (n=2)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR SD (n=2)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR PD (n=2)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II CR (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II PR (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II SD (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II PD (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T IT CR (N=0)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T IT PR (n=0)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T IT SD (n=0)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T IT PD (n=0)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T TT CR (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T TT PR (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T TT SD (n=4)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T TT PD (n=4)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)0.00.0100.00.00.00.050.050.00.00.066.733.30.00.066.733.30.00.0100.00.00.00.050.050.00.00.075.025.00.00.050.050.00.00.0100.00.00.00.050.050.00.014.371.414.30.00.050.050.00.00.066.733.30.00.0100.00.00.0100.00.00.0NANANANA0.025.050.025.00.00.0100.00.00.00.075.025.0NANANANA0.00.075.025.0

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Part II: Progression Free Survival (PFS) by Biomarker

PFS was calculated from first study medication in Part II to date of progression or death.The relationship between PFS and the following biomarker variables was investigated in each of study Part 1 and 2: p95HER2 +ve and -ve population, IGF1R NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 months

,
Interventionmonths (Median)
p95 +ve (n=2,0)p95 -ve (n=5,1)IGF1R IGF1R ≥median (n=4,1)c-METc-MET≥median (n=4,0)PTEN PTEN ≥median (n=3,1)HER2 HER2 ≥median (n=5,0)PI3K Amino Acids WT (n=10,1)PI3K Amino Acids M (n=2,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF (n=4,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF (n=2,1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV (n=2,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH (n=1,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR (n=5,1)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR (n=3,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II (n=7,1)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)8.1483.4508.1154.0744.6985.0434.6983.4508.1483.4505.6514.4854.32013.832NA3.4508.1155.6515.651
Group B: Trastuzumab+Taxane/ Capecitabine <6 WeeksNA13.832NA13.83213.832NANA13.83213.832NA13.832NANA13.832NANA13.832NA13.832

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Part II: TTP by Biomarker

TTP was calculated from first study medication in Part II to date of progression. The relationship between TTP and the following biomarker variables was investigated in each of study Part 1 and 2: p95 HER2 +ve and -ve population, IGF1R NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 months

,
Interventionmonths (Median)
p95 HER2 +ve (n=2,0)p95 HER2 -ve (n=5,1)IGF1R IGF1R ≥median (n=4,1)c-MET c-MET ≥median (n=4,0)PTEN PTEN ≥median (n=3,1)HER2 HER2 ≥median (n=5,0)PI3K Amino Acids WT (n=10,1)PI3K Amino Acids M (n=2,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V FF (n=4,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VF (n=2,1)FC Gamma Receptor IIIa F176V VV (n=2,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HH (n=1,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H HR (n=5,1)FC Gamma Receptor IIa R166H RR (n=3,0)FC Gamma Receptor IIb I232T II (n=7,1)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)8.1483.4508.1154.0744.6985.0434.6983.4508.1483.4505.6514.4854.320NANA3.4508.1155.6515.651
Group B: Trastuzumab+Taxane/ Capecitabine <6 WeeksNA13.832NA13.83213.832NANA13.83213.832NA13.832NANA13.832NANA13.832NA13.832

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Overall Survival in ITT Population

Overall survival was calculated in months from the day of screening until death. (NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until death (up to 46 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)NA

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Overall Survival in Per Protocol Population

Overall survival was calculated in months from the day of screening until death. (NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until death (up to 46 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)36.40

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Part I: PFS in ITT Population

PFS was determined as the time in months from the date of screening until first progression. In participants with measurable disease, progression was defined according to RECIST (SLD increased by at least 20% from the smallest value on study [including baseline, if that is the smallest]).. In participants with non-measurable disease, progression was defined as the presence of new lesions or unequivocal progression during treatment. (NCT00885755)
Timeframe: End of first 2 Cycles (Weeks 3 and 6), every 3 cycles for 18 weeks, then every 4 cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity or participant decision to cease treatment up to 46 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Group A: Trastuzumab+Taxane /Capecitabine (6 Weeks)18.60
Group B: Trastuzumab+Taxane/ Capecitabine <6 Weeks1.22

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Time to Progression Free Survival (PFS)

"To assess the time to progression free survival of patients treated with the combination of Chloroquine and Taxane or Taxane-Like chemotherapy. Progression is defined as time from initiation of chemotherapy to disease progression using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions, or similar definition as accurate and appropriate." (NCT01446016)
Timeframe: 25.4 months (median)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Chloroquine With Taxane or Taxane-Like (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Abraxane, Ixabepilone) Chemotherapy12.4

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Time of Overall Survival (OS)

To assess the time of overall survival of patients receiving Chloroquine + Taxane or Taxane-like chemotherapy (NCT01446016)
Timeframe: a median of 25.4 months, up to 83.5 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Chloroquine With Taxane or Taxane-Like (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Abraxane, Ixabepilone) Chemotherapy25.4

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Overall Response Rate (ORR)

"To determine the anti-tumor activity of the combination of Chloroquine + Taxane or Taxane-like chemo agents (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Abraxane, Ixabepilone) (C/T) measured by overall Response Rate (ORR) defined as percentage of patients having complete or partial response in therapy per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR., or similar definition that is accurate and appropriate.~The study was designed to compare the ORR with the published percentage of 30% (docetaxel 100 mg/ml2 every 3 weeks for maximum of 10 cycles)." (NCT01446016)
Timeframe: 3-week cycles for maximum of 6 cycles (4.5 months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Chloroquine With Taxane or Taxane-Like (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Abraxane, Ixabepilone) Chemotherapy45.16

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Number of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3 of Greater Adverse Events

To assess how many patients experienced grade 3 or greater adverse events when receiving the combination of Chloroquine and Taxane or Taxane-Like chemotherapy. Toxicity was assessed for all enrolled patients who received one or more doses of the study drug combination by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. (NCT01446016)
Timeframe: 25.4 months (median)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Chloroquine With Taxane or Taxane-Like (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Abraxane, Ixabepilone) Chemotherapy4

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Duration of Objective Response (DOR) - Phase 3

DOR: time from the date when a clinical response [CR or PR] was first documented to the date of first documented progressive disease (PD) or death. CR:disappearance of all target lesions, non-target lesions, and normalization of tumor marker level. PR: >= 30% decrease in sum of the LD of all target lesions taking as reference the screening sum LD. PD: could base on symptom deterioration or at least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target or non-target lesions and new lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (nadir), including baseline. To be assigned a status of PR or CR, changes in tumor measurements had to be confirmed by repeat assessments that should have been performed no less than 4 weeks after the criteria for response were first met. Longer intervals as determined by the study protocol were also appropriate. Cumulative data (up to primary analysis cut-off date of 30-June-2015) are provided for both phase 2 and phase 3 within the results of this measure. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Date of randomization until disease progression or death, whichever occurred first (assessed at baseline, every 6 weeks up to 2 years 3 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Standard Taxane Therapy3.65
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg4.27

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Overall Survival (OS) - Phase 2 (Dose Selection Portion of the Study)

Overall survival was defined as the time between the date of randomization and date of death due to any cause. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used for analysis. Participants for whom no death was reported prior to an analysis cutoff (10 August 2013) was censored at the latest date before the cutoff in which they were known to be alive. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Date of randomization until death (up to 1 year)

Interventionweeks (Median)
Standard Taxane Therapy28.0
Trastuzumab Emtansine 3.6 mg23.0
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg36.3

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Overall Survival (OS)- Phase 3

Overall survival was defined as the time between the date of randomization and date of death due to any cause. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used for analysis. Participants for whom no death was reported prior to an analysis cutoff (30 June 2015) was censored at the latest date before the cutoff in which they were known to be alive. All data from the standard taxane therapy and trastuzumab emtansine 2.4 mg (selected treatment arm) from phase 2 and phase 3 (Stage 2) are combined into phase 3 data, and thus cumulative data are provided within the results presented for phase 3. The confirmatory analyses are restricted to comparisons between the taxane arm and the selected trastuzumab emtansine arm (2.4 mg). (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Date of randomization until death (up to 2 years 3 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Standard Taxane Therapy8.6
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg7.9

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Percentage of Participants With Advanced Gastric Cancer (AGC) Symptom Progression - Phase 3

AGC symptomatic progression: a worsening of >=10-points in any 1 of the abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, weakness and fatigue, upper abdominal pain, change in bowel movement, and/or weight loss scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-STO22. QLQ-STO22 supplements EORTC QLQ-C30 to assess symptoms and commonly reported treatment-related side effects. There are 22 questions comprise 5 scales (dysphagia, pain, reflux symptom, diet restrictions, anxiety), 4 single items (dry mouth, hair loss, taste, body image), which are related to the symptoms of the disease. Most questions used 4-point scale (1 'Not at all' to 4 'Very much'). All scores and single-items transformed to a scale of 0-100; higher score=better level of functioning or greater degree of symptoms. Cumulative data (up to primary analysis cut-off date of 30-June-2015) are provided for both phase 2 and phase 3 within the results of this measure. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Day 1 of each treatment cycle, at the study drug completion visit, and thereafter at survival follow-up (up to 2 years 3 months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Standard Taxane Therapy90.6
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg93.0

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Percentage of Participants With Disease Progression or Death According to Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST v1.1) - Phase 3

Progressive disease could base on symptom deterioration or was defined as at least a 20 percent (%) increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum longest diameter recorded since treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions and/or the unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. Tumor assessment was performed using modified RECIST v1.1. Cumulative data (up to primary analysis cut-off date of 30-June-2015) are provided for both phase 2 and phase 3 within the results of this measure. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Date of randomization until disease progression or death, whichever occurred first (assessed at baseline, every 6 weeks up to 2 years 3 months)

Interventionpercentage participants (Number)
Standard Taxane Therapy88.9
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg93.0

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Percentage of Participants With Objective Response According to mRECIST v1.1 - Phase 3

Objective response referred to participants with complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). CR: disappearance of all target lesions, non-target lesions, and normalization of tumor marker level. PR: greater than or equal to (>=) 30% decrease in sum of the longest diameter (LD) of all target lesions taking as reference the screening sum LD. To be assigned a status of PR or CR, changes in tumor measurements had to be confirmed by repeat assessments that should have been performed no less than 4 weeks after the criteria for response were first met. Longer intervals as determined by the study protocol were also appropriate. Cumulative data (up to primary analysis cut-off date of 30-June-2015) are provided for both phase 2 and phase 3 within the results of this measure. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Date of randomization until disease progression or death, whichever occurred first (assessed at baseline, every 6 weeks up to 2 years 3 months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Standard Taxane Therapy19.6
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg20.6

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Progression Free Survival (PFS) According to Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST v1.1) - Phase 3

Progression-free survival was defined as the time between the date of randomization and the first date of documented progression or date of death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. Tumor assessment was performed using modified RECIST v1.1. Progressive disease could base on symptom deterioration or was defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum longest diameter recorded since treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions and/or the unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used for analysis. Cumulative data (up to primary analysis cut-off date of 30-June-2015) are provided for both phase 2 and phase 3 within the results of this measure. The confirmatory analyses are restricted to comparisons between the taxane arm and the selected trastuzumab emtansine arm (2.4 mg). (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Date of randomization until disease progression or death, whichever occurred first (assessed at baseline, every 6 weeks up to 2 years 3 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Standard Taxane Therapy2.89
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg2.66

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Time to Advanced Gastric Cancer (AGC) Symptom Progression - Phase 3

Time to AGC symptom were defined as the time from randomization to the first documentation of an increase in at least one of the pre-specified abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, weakness and fatigue, upper abdominal pain, change in bowel movement, and weight loss subscales of the QLQ STO22 and EORTC QLQ-C30. Cumulative data (up to primary analysis cut-off date of 30-June-2015) are provided for both phase 2 and phase 3 within the results of this measure. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Day 1 of each treatment cycle, at the study drug completion visit, and thereafter at survival follow-up (up to 2 years 3 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Standard Taxane Therapy1.61
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg1.51

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Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Extrapolated Infinite Time [AUCinf] - Stage 1

AUCinf= Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) from time zero (pre-dose) to extrapolated infinite time (0 - inf). It is obtained from AUC (0 - t) plus AUC (t - inf). Stage 1 consists of all participants recruited before the regimen selection decision. Regimen selection analysis was carried out after 12 weeks of randomization. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: D1C1 and D1C4, C1D2, C1D3, C1D4/C1D5, C1D8, C1D15, C2D1 (up to 12 weeks)

,
Interventionday*mcg/mL (Mean)
T-DM1Total trastuzumab
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg179289
Trastuzumab Emtansine 3.6 mg262403

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of N2'-Deacetyl-N2'-(3-mercapto-1-oxopropyl)-Maytansine (DM1) - Stage 1

Maximum observed plasma concentration of DM1 were reported. Stage 1 consists of all participants recruited before the regimen selection decision. Regimen selection analysis was carried out after 12 weeks of randomization. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: C1D1 and C1C4, C1D2, C1D3, C1D4/C1D5, C1D8, C1D15, C2D1 (up to 12 weeks)

,
Interventionnanogram per milliliter (mcg/mL) (Mean)
DM1 Cycle 1 First Dose (n=40, 35)DM1 Cycle 4 First Dose (n=22, 9)
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg2.473.41
Trastuzumab Emtansine 3.6 mg4.613.86

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) and Total Trastuzumab - Stage 1

Maximum observed plasma concentration of Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) and total trastuzumab were reported. Stage 1 consists of all participants recruited before the regimen selection, which was carried out after 12 weeks of randomization. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Day 1 (D1) of Cycle 1 (C1) and C4, C1D2, C1D3, C1D4/C1D5, C1D8, C1D15, C2D1 (up to 12 weeks)

,
Interventionmicrogram per milliliter (mcg/mL) (Mean)
T-DM1 Cycle 1 First Dose (n=41, 37)T-DM1 Cycle 4 First Dose (n=25, 10)Total trastuzumab Cycle 1 First Dose (n=41, 37)Total trastuzumab Cycle 4 First Dose (n=25, 10)
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg43.052.646.871.2
Trastuzumab Emtansine 3.6 mg58.661.661.266.3

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) and Total Trastuzumab - Stage 2

Stage 2 consists of all participants recruited after the regimen selection decision up to primary data cut-off date 30-June-2015. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: C1D1; C4D1

Interventionmcg/mL (Mean)
T-DM1 Cycle 1 First Dose (n=56)T-DM1 Cycle 4 First Dose (n=26)Total trastuzumab Cycle 1 First Dose (n=57)Total trastuzumab Cycle 4 First Dose (n=26)
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg34.138.044.569.7

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Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Improvement in European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Module 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) Score - Phase 3

The EORTC QLQ-C30 is a validated, cancer-specific 30-item patient-reported measure, and contains 14 domains to assess the impact of cancer treatment on 5 aspects of participants functioning (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social), 9 aspects of disease/treatment-related symptoms (fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, dyspnea, insomnia, loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhea) and a global QoL/overall health status scale. Questions used 4 point scale (1 'Not at all' to 4 'Very much'; with the exception of the QoL/health status scale which uses a 7-point scale (1 'very poor' to 7 'Excellent'). Each scale is transformed on a scale of 0-100; a higher score equals (=) a better level of functioning or greater degree of symptoms. Change of greater than or equal to (>=) 10-points has been found to be clinically significant. Cumulative data (up to primary analysis cut-off date of 30-June-2015) are provided for both phase 2 and phase 3 within the results of this measure. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Day 1 of each treatment cycle, at the study drug completion visit, and thereafter at follow-up (up to 2 years 3 months)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Global Health Status/QoLAppetite lossCognitive FunctioningConstipationDiarrhoeaDyspneaEmotional FunctioningFatigueNausea/VomitingPainPhysical FunctioningRole FunctioningSocial FunctioningInsomnia
Standard Taxane Therapy44.039.631.940.723.119.824.246.233.049.517.629.734.133.0
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg34.430.228.025.921.721.729.140.728.033.925.930.737.633.3

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Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Improvement in Quality of Life Questionnaire Stomach Cancer Module 22 (QLQ-STO22) Score - Phase 3

The Quality of Life Questionnaire Stomach Cancer Module 22 (QLQ-STO22) supplements the EORTC QLQ-C30 to assess symptoms and treatment-related side effects commonly reported in participants. There are 22 questions which comprise 5 scales (dysphagia, pain, reflux symptom, dietary restrictions, and anxiety) and 4 single items (dry mouth, hair loss, taste, body image). Most questions use 4-point scale (1 'Not at all' to 4 'Very much'; 1 question was a yes or no answer). A linear transformation was used to standardize all scores and single-items to a scale of 0 to 100; higher score=better level of functioning or greater degree of symptoms. Change of >=10 points has been found to be clinically significant. Cumulative data (up to primary analysis cut-off date of 30-June-2015) are provided for both phase 2 and phase 3 within the results of this measure. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: Day 1 of each treatment cycle, at the study drug completion visit, and thereafter at survival follow-up (up to 2 years 3 months)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OverallBody imageDry MouthDietary RestrictionsDysphagiaHair LossPain/discomfortSpecific Emotional ProblemsUpper Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Standard Taxane Therapy88.920.030.041.135.611.152.263.346.7
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg88.129.721.132.423.822.745.457.842.7

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Plasma Decay Half-Life (t1/2) - Stage 1

Plasma decay half-life is the time measured for the plasma concentration to decrease by one half. Stage 1 consists of all participants recruited before the regimen selection decision. Regimen selection analysis was carried out after 12 weeks of randomization. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: D1C1 and D1C4, C1D2, C1D3, C1D4/C1D5, C1D8, C1D15, C2D1 (up to 12 weeks)

,
Interventiondays (Mean)
T-DM1Total trastuzumab
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg3.485.22
Trastuzumab Emtansine 3.6 mg3.335.40

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Systemic Clearance (CL) - Stage 1

CL is a quantitative measure of the rate at which a drug substance is removed from the body. Stage 1 consists of all participants recruited before the regimen selection decision. Regimen selection analysis was carried out after 12 weeks of randomization. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: D1C1 and D1C4, C1D2, C1D3, C1D4/C1D5, C1D8, C1D15, C2D1 (up to 12 weeks)

,
InterventionmL/day/kg (Mean)
T-DM1Total trastuzumab
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg14.610.2
Trastuzumab Emtansine 3.6 mg15.411.3

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Volume of Distribution at Steady State (Vss) - Stage 1

Volume of distribution is defined as the theoretical volume in which the total amount of drug would need to be uniformly distributed to produce the desired blood concentration of a drug. Steady state volume of distribution (Vss) is the apparent volume of distribution at steady-state. Stage 1 consists of all participants recruited before the regimen selection decision. Regimen selection analysis was carried out after 12 weeks of randomization. (NCT01641939)
Timeframe: D1C1 and D1C4, C1D2, C1D3, C1D4/C1D5, C1D8, C1D15, C2D1 (up to 12 weeks)

,
Interventionmilliliter per kilogram (mL/kg) (Mean)
T-DM1Total trastuzumab
Trastuzumab Emtansine 2.4 mg66.265.9
Trastuzumab Emtansine 3.6 mg67.772.1

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		2.41104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adenine
[no description available]		2.01106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.2510benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		2.0210alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
carbamates
[no description available]		2.1510amino-acid anion
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.610halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		7.1710monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.15102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.		2.0110aldotriosefundamental metabolite
dalteparin
Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.4611
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		2.0610elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		4.4511pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
nitroxyl
nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.		1.9910nitrogen oxoacid
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		5.0552pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isopentenyl pyrophosphate
isopentenyl pyrophosphate: substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells. isopentenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.		2.0110prenol phosphateantigen;
antioxidant;
epitope;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
phosphoantigen
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.0110chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		7.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		5.2231nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		2.4620(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		1.9910aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		3.1110N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		8.8321organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		8.711aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		17.8511242nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ifosfamide
[no description available]		4.6530ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		7.0510dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
kinetin
Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.		2.01106-aminopurines;
furans		cytokinin;
geroprotector
letrozole
[no description available]		4.9221nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.9910aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		4.6530dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		2.0110carbazoles
oxonic acid
Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.		7.81211,3,5-triazines;
monocarboxylic acid
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		3.1110naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
tegafur
[no description available]		8151organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
temozolomide
[no description available]		4.6630imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		11.3543phthalimides;
piperidones
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		6.0242mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		3.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.4220nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		4.323011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		3.4811L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		210
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.1310amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		9.2950alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cytarabine
[no description available]		210beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		2.4110amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		7.021020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
ethylene oxide
Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.		2.0210gas molecular entity;
oxacycle;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		allergen;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
carvone
carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.		2.4110botanical anti-fungal agent;
carvones		allergen
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		5.3322pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		7.0410furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		3.5320mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		13.292211azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.1310indazole
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		3.3260cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		3.41101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		4.16311,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.110diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.0310azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		2.4620N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		1.9910monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
cyclooctanone
[no description available]		1.9910
oxetane
oxetane: structure. oxetane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a four-membered ring comprising of three carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.		2.7330oxetanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		2.1510
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		3.110furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.1710dialdehydebiomarker
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		1.9910
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		17.7410844pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlormequat
Chlormequat: A plant growth regulator that is commonly used on ornamental plants.. chlormequat : A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants.		2.0110quaternary ammonium ionplant growth retardant
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		2.3110glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		4.4531alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		2.05102-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		2.4220organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		9.4111D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
streptomycin
[no description available]		2.3110antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lutetium
Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.		4.8240d-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		14.154511elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
actinium
Actinium: A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission.		2.3110actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
scandium group element atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		2.1310f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		17.792911delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
sodium pyrophosphate
sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.		2.0110inorganic sodium saltchelator;
food emulsifier;
food thickening agent
razoxane
Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.		3.1510N-alkylpiperazine
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.7830benzenes;
phenyl acetates
alkenes
[no description available]		3.1650
alovudine
[no description available]		2.0710pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		18.5522424taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		8.47145beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0510
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		9.27224aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
eniluracil
eniluracil: structure in first source; inactivates dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase		4.3622pyrimidone
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		2.0110delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		2.110aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
aromasil
[no description available]		2.971017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		7.5774pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		15.537023organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		6.0321duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
irinotecan
[no description available]		12.362511carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.0910
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		16.055828carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
gallium nitrate
gallium nitrate: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.110
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		2.1310hydrochloride
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.01102-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
1,2-distearoyllecithin
[no description available]		210
baccatin iii
[no description available]		8.4470acetate ester;
benzoate ester;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		plant metabolite
tallimustine
tallimustine: structure given in first source		3.0910
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		6.13511,2,3-triazole
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		5.09312-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		3.83301,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
5-fluoropyrimidine
[no description available]		3.3110
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		2.17103-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
coronatine
coronatine: consists of a coronafacic acid joined by an amide bond to coronamic acid by coronafacate ligase; phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae; RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,4(1R*,2R*),6beta,7alpha))-isomer;		2.1110N-acyl-amino acid
uftoral
UFT(R) drug: a drug containing tegafur and uracil; a biochemical modulator of 5-fluorouracil; used for postoperative chemotherapy of colon cancer; reported to cause severe liver injury; do not confuse with 1-UFT protocol		2.7130
fotemustine
fotemustine: structure given in first source. fotemustine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fotemustine. It is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of malignant melanoma.. diethyl (1-{[(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino}ethyl)phosphonate : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is ethyl diethylphosphonate in the hydrogen at position 1 of the ethyl group attached to the phosphorus has been replaced by a [(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino group.		3.1110N-nitrosoureas;
organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound
parthenolide
[no description available]		2.0310germacranolide
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		3.8621acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		3.13102-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
n'-(2-chloroethyl)-n-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-n'-nitrosourea
N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-N'-nitrosourea: structure given in first source		3.0910
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.		3.5110azamacrocyclechelator;
copper chelator
gefitinib
[no description available]		5.2641aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
teloxantrone
teloxantrone: structure given in first source		3.0910
methotrexate
[no description available]		11.27222dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
abiraterone
[no description available]		4.86503beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		16.3513012secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
irofulven
irofulven: structure in first source		2.0110cyclohexenones
lonafarnib
lonafarnib: inhibitor of farnesyl protein transferase. lonafarnib : A 4-{2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide that has R configuration. It is used as oral farnesyltransferase inhibitor.		3.81214-{2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}piperidine-1-carboxamideantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
dx 8951
[no description available]		5.0133pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sabarubicin
sabarubicin: structure given in first source		8.4111
10-deacetylbaccatine iii
10-deacetylbaccatine III: structure given in first source		3.5380secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid
10-deacetyltaxol
10-deacetyltaxol: alkaloid from Taxus wallichiana, structure given in first source		2.5320
atrasentan
Atrasentan: A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES.		2.0310pyrrolidines
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-n-oxide-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source		1.9910aminoxyls;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		3.0910dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
enzastaurin
[no description available]		8.4311indoles;
maleimides
erlotinib hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1810hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
protein kinase inhibitor
fluoroquinacrine
[no description available]		2.0110
lapatinib
[no description available]		11.97149furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sorafenib
[no description available]		4.4511(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		8.4411aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		7.151012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nsc 83265
3-tritylthio-L-alanine: RN & NM given refers to (L)-isomer		2.0110benzenoid aromatic compound
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		7.779217beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
elesclomol
[no description available]		2.0310carbohydrazide;
thiocarbonyl compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
u-104
SLC-0111: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
allocolchicine
allocolchicine: not allo-isomer of colchicine; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		2.0110
bortezomib
[no description available]		2.5420amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
jib-04
JIB-04: structure in first source		2.1510
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		2.0610
carboplatin
[no description available]		14.697114
n-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.		3.6411N-acetylneuraminic acidsantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lycoctonine
lycoctonine: RN refers to (1alpha,6beta,14alpha,16beta)-isomer; structure given in first source		7.0710diterpenoid
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		210cyclodextrin
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer. geranylgeranyl diphosphate : A polyprenol diphosphate having geranylgeranyl as the polyprenyl component.. 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate : The all-trans-isomer of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.		2.110geranylgeranyl diphosphatemouse metabolite
epothilone b
[no description available]		3.5320epothilone;
epoxide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
microtubule-stabilising agent
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		2.0810olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
epothilone a
Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).		17.44248epothilone;
epoxide		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		2.1310phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.0610amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		2.17102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
glycosides
[no description available]		2.0210
chalcone
trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.		2.610chalconeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		2.4110flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		2.0110diphosphate ion
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.4220
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		8.1510aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
tamoxifen
[no description available]		12.5345stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium: structure given in first source		2.2110
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		8.0120alkali metal atom
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		3.4111aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		2.0110
fh535
FH535: inhibits Wnt signaling		2.110sulfonamide
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		3.4611
bilirubin
[no description available]		3.3911biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.0210prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.1710monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		3.1110D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
jasmonic acid
jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.		7.4520oxo monocarboxylic acidjasmonates;
plant metabolite
lutein
Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.		2.1710carotenolfood colouring;
plant metabolite
maytansine
Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.		11.491210alpha-amino acid ester;
carbamate ester;
epoxide;
maytansinoid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organochlorine compound		antimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
lafutidine
lafutidine: structure given in first source		8.4611organic molecular entity
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.1310sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
granisetron
Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.		2.0110aromatic amide;
indazoles
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		3.110antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.0710dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		2.4720organic molecular entity
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		3.4711
su 11248
[no description available]		4.3411monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
palbociclib
[no description available]		9.3131aminopyridine;
aromatic ketone;
cyclopentanes;
piperidines;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
gallium
Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.		3.110boron group element atom
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		2101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.0110cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
sarcodictyin a
sarcodictyin A: structure in first source		210
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		9.5511gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
apaziquone
apaziquone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (E)-isomer		3.0910indoles
radium
Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.		3.2710alkaline earth metal atom
rhizoxin
rhizoxin: from Rhizopus chinensis; causal agent of rice seedling blight; structure given in first source. rhizoxin : An macrolide antibiotic isolated from the pathogenic plant fungus Rhizopus microsporus. It also exhibits antitumour and antimitotic activity.		2.01101,3-oxazoles;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
everolimus
[no description available]		7.1110cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
phomactin a
phomactin A: RN given for (3S-(3R*,4S*,6R*,9E,13R*,14S*,16R*))-isomer; isolated from Phoma; structure in first source		3.1310
ixabepilone
[no description available]		11.251581,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
tanespimycin
CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A		2.06101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
edatrexate
edatrexate: structure given in first source		3.0910glutamic acid derivative
larotaxel
larotaxel: has antineoplastic activity		8.4311
ac 7700
AC 7700: a vascular disrupting agent; structure in first source		3.4811
idn 5109
IDN 5109: structure in first source		210
bms-275183
BMS-275183: an orally active taxane in Phase I clinical trials (10/2001)		7.0110
iniparib
[no description available]		3.1710carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
abiraterone acetate
Abiraterone Acetate: An androstene derivative that inhibits STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE and is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant PROSTATE CANCER.. abiraterone acetate : A sterol ester obtained by formal condensation of the 3-hydroxy group of abiraterone with the carboxy group of acetic acid. A prodrug that is converted in vivo into abiraterone. Used for treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.		3.2310pyridines;
sterol ester		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
lenvatinib
lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.		3.710aromatic amide;
aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist;
orphan drug;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
cabazitaxel
cabazitaxel: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source. cabazitaxel : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 10-deacetylbaccatin III having O-methyl groups attached at positions 7 and 10 as well as an O-(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl group attached at position 13. Acts as a microtubule inhibitor, binds tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly and simultaneously inhibits disassembly.		9.06132tetracyclic diterpenoidantineoplastic agent;
microtubule-stabilising agent
idn 5390
IDN 5390: structure in first source		7.0110
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		3.7620alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
taxinine
taxinine: from Taxus cuspidata as modulators of multidrug-resistant tumor cells; structure in first source		2.0110
halichondrin b
halichondrin B: from marine sponge Halichondria okadai; binds in the Vinca domain of tubulin		6.4433furopyran
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		7.6320aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
sepantronium
sepantronium: a survivin suppressant with antineoplastic activity. sepantronium : An organic cation that is 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione in which the nitrogen at position 3 of the napthoimidazole moiety has been alkylated by a pyrazin-2-ylmethyl group.		3.4611organic cation
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		6.2143acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
er-086526
eribulin: a halichondrin B derivative that suppresses microtubule growth and acts as an antimitotic agent; structure in first source. eribulin : A fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of marine sponge natural products. Inhibits growth phase of microtubules via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism, which leads to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage		10.52208cyclic ketal;
cyclic ketone;
macrocycle;
polycyclic ether;
polyether;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
zampanolide
zampanolide: structure in first source		4.350
tpi-287
TPI-287: a microtubule-stabilizing agent; structure in first source		2.610
trametinib
[no description available]		3.1910acetamides;
aromatic amine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound;
organoiodine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
ring assembly		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
mln8054
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		3.4111
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		2.0110
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		7.25101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
n4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4h-pyrid(1,4)oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-n2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine
N4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4H-pyrid(1,4)oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor; structure in first source		2.2110
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.0210
discodermolide
discodermolide: a lactone-bearing polyhydroxylated alkatetraene from the marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta; microtubule-stabilizing agent like taxol		2.1510
mdv 3100
[no description available]		5.6280(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzamides;
imidazolidinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
thiocarbonyl compound		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.0710
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
technetium tc 99m sestamibi
Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.		2.9210
olaparib
[no description available]		5.9321cyclopropanes;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
phthalazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
methyl jasmonate
[no description available]		7.7830
mln 8237
MLN 8237: an aurora kinase A inhibitor		2.610benzazepine
lde225
sonidegib: specific Smoothened/Smo antagonist. sonidegib : A member of the classo of biphenyls that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-methyl-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 6-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)pyridin-3-amine. Used (as its phosphate salt) for treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma.		2.4920aminopyridine;
aromatic ether;
benzamides;
biphenyls;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
SMO receptor antagonist
plx4032
[no description available]		3.1910aromatic ketone;
difluorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrrolopyridine;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		5.4453
bryostatin 1
bryostatin 1: a protein kinase C activator; macrocyclic lactone from marine Bryozoan Bugula neritina; RN given refers to (1S*-(1R*,3R*,5Z,7S*,8E,11R*,12R*(2E,4E),13E,15R*,17S*(S*),21S*,23S*,25R*))-isomer; structure given in first source; activates protein kinase c. bryostatin 1 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.		3.0910
dabrafenib
[no description available]		3.19101,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
organofluorine compound;
sulfonamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
apatinib
apatinib: reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux function of multiple ATP-binding cassette transporters; structure in first source		3.5911
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.1310hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
s 1 (combination)
S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer		7.8121
byl719
[no description available]		8.5611proline derivative
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		7.0810
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.1310
etirinotecan pegol
[no description available]		9.4111
gsk-j4
GSK-J4: a JMJD3 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.1510organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.610
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		3.1510
cephalomannine
cephalomannine: RN given refers to (2aR-(2aalpha,4beta,4abeta,6beta,9alpha(alphaR*,betaS*(E)),11alpha,12alpha,12aalpha,12balpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 7/88; structure given in first source		8.2960
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		3.8721
aconitine
Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.		2.0710
oblimersen
oblimersen: targets the Bcl-2 oncogene good efficacy with low toxicity tumour regressions		3.4111
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		2.0110
psma-617
PSMA-617: inhibits prostate-specific membrane antigen; structure in first source		3.9911
nedaplatin
nedaplatin: structure given in first source		2.4220
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		4.91425-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
guanine
[no description available]		7.45532-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		7.0110guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		3.8521folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		5.1340dacarbazine
raltitrexed
[no description available]		3.0910N-acyl-amino acid
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		893N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		2.0110
sta 9090
[no description available]		2.1510ring assembly;
triazoles
flutax 2
[no description available]		2.0310
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		3.1910
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		013.43506
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		016.377828
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		013.43506
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		016.377828
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		024.45585185
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		024.45585185
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		011.2594
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		011.2594
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		02.5920
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		02.5920
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		06.0961
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		04.5580
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		07.851611
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		07.851611
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		04.9421
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		04.9421
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
An internationally recognized set of published rules used for evaluation of cancer treatment that define when tumors found in cancer patients improve, worsen, or remain stable during treatment. These criteria are based specifically on the response of the tumor(s) to treatment, and not on the overall health status of the patient resulting from treatment.		08.8664
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		016.1910830
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		016.7812826
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		016.7812826
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		011.75456
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		014.25021
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		04.4741
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		04.4741
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		02.5320
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		02.5320
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.6390
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		06.2680
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		06.2680
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.4110
Biliary Tract Cancer
[description not available]		02.4110
Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		02.4110
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		02.4110
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		014.176412
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		014.176412
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		09.97212
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		09.97212
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		06.3371
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		06.3371
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		07.8391
Epiphora
[description not available]		02.920
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid
[description not available]		03.1340
Cranial Nerve II Diseases
[description not available]		02.4110
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases
Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS.		02.920
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)		03.1340
Optic Nerve Diseases
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.		02.4110
Metastase
[description not available]		019.0712661
Cancer, Second Primary
[description not available]		03.2850
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		019.0712661
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer
[description not available]		012.09405
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.		012.09405
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		018.282523
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		011.41206
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		011.41206
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		012.283415
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		010.44294
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		012.283415
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		010.44294
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		015.978813
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		016.9611216
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		015.978813
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		016.9611216
Hypesthesia
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.		03.9911
Ache
[description not available]		06.5353
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		011.5353
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.610
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		02.610
Angiosarcoma
[description not available]		06.15101
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		06.75112
Hemangiosarcoma
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)		06.15101
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		06.75112
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		05.871
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		05.871
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		04.9621
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		09.9621
Extra-Mammary Paget Disease
[description not available]		02.610
Paget Disease, Extramammary
A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)		02.610
Acute Pain
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.		02.9630
Tetraploid
[description not available]		07.610
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		02.6620
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.610
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.610
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		08.93192
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		08.93192
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		05.1760
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		08.12133
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		010.1760
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		08.12133
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		03.1140
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		03.1140
Lassitude
[description not available]		06.8364
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		06.8364
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.2510
Carcinoma, Large Cell
A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.2510
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		02.2110
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		02.2110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		010.0350
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		08.83113
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Emesis
[description not available]		08.69106
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		06.33104
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		02.2510
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		08.69106
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		08.83113
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		08.5972
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		08.5972
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		013.51315
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		013.51315
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		09.54143
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		09.54143
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.		07.5820
Congenital Familial Lymphedema
[description not available]		03.5570
Lymphedema
Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.		03.5570
Genito-urinary Cancer
[description not available]		02.2510
Urogenital Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.		02.2510
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		02.2510
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		07.2510
Postpartum Amenorrhea
[description not available]		05.5382
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation.		05.5382
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		08.96166
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		08.96166
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous
A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)		03.5780
Febrile Neutropenia
Fever accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of NEUTROPHILS.		02.2510
Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema
[description not available]		010.61119
Hand-Foot Syndrome
Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.		010.61119
Recrudescence
[description not available]		05.7771
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		011.181310
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		06.8172
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		06.8172
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		06.98103
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		06.98103
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.		08.5520
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		03.5520
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		03.5520
Breast Cancer, Male
[description not available]		011.131614
Breast Neoplasms, Male
Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.		011.131614
Micrometastases, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.3110
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.		07.82243
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		05.1431
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.		05.1431
Carcinoma, Lobular
A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast.		06.7983
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		02.1510
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		02.1510
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		012.061715
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		09.02118
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		012.061715
Bleeding
[description not available]		09.7699
Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia
FEVER accompanied by a significant reduction in NEUTROPHIL count associated with CHEMOTHERAPY.		010.161110
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		09.7699
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		018.073119
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		06.7171
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
[description not available]		03.3560
Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms
Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells.		03.3560
Onycholysis
Separation of nail plate from the underlying nail bed. It can be a sign of skin disease, infection (such as ONYCHOMYCOSIS) or tissue injury.		02.1710
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		02.1710
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		011.7580
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		06.7580
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		08142
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		04.4511
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		04.4511
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		06.7964
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		06.7964
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		02.1510
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		03.4670
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		03.4670
Allodynia
[description not available]		02.1710
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		04.150
Carcinosarcoma
A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)		07.1510
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		04.150
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		02.1510
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.1510
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.1710
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		02.1710
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		02.1710
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		02.1710
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		02.1710
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.8530
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.8530
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		03.5611
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.8330
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		013.543816
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		013.543816
Joint Pain
[description not available]		04.1630
Muscle Pain
[description not available]		03.4820
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		03.4220
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		08.4220
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		09.1630
Myalgia
Painful sensation in the muscles.		08.4820
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		08.63192
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)		03.3260
Nasal Diseases
[description not available]		02.1710
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating
[description not available]		03.4970
Hypopharyngeal Cancer
[description not available]		03.9721
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.		03.9721
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		02.1710
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		02.1710
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		02.1710
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		05.9931
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		05.9931
Cancer of Oropharnyx
[description not available]		09.75109
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.		09.75109
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.7630
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		07.26122
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		03.0140
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.2110
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		03.8721
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		02.2110
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).		03.0140
Gynandroblastoma
A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, composed of cells of both the OVARY and the TESTIS. It produces both male and female GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.		02.2110
Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors
Neoplasms derived from the primitive sex cord or gonadal stromal cells of the embryonic GONADS. They are classified by their presumed histogenesis and differentiation. From the sex cord, there are SERTOLI CELL TUMOR and GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR; from the gonadal stroma, LEYDIG CELL TUMOR and THECOMA. These tumors may be identified in either the OVARY or the TESTIS.		02.2110
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		03.1210
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		03.1210
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		03.0840
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		03.0840
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		03.8521
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.2110
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		02.2110
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		03.8521
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		02.2110
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		02.2110
Chromosomal Instability
An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.		08.6630
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		02.0810
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		04.9542
Orthopedic Disorders
[description not available]		03.3920
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.		03.3920
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		04.7921
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		04.7921
Carcinoma, Papillary
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4720
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue
[description not available]		02.0810
Neuropathy, Paraneoplastic
[description not available]		04.411
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		07.110
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.110
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		02.1110
Restless Leg Syndrome
[description not available]		03.0110
Restless Legs Syndrome
A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.		03.0110
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		04.6540
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		04.6540
Cancer of Penis
[description not available]		03.4320
Penile Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.		03.4320
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		08.0373
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.1110
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.1110
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		02.110
Cancer of the Urinary Tract
[description not available]		04.8450
Acoustic Neurinoma, Bilateral
[description not available]		02.1110
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		05.9160
Neurofibromatosis 2
An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high incidence of bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as schwannomas (NEURILEMMOMA) of other cranial and peripheral nerves, and other benign intracranial tumors including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the NF2 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2) on chromosome 22 (22q12) and usually presents clinically in the first or second decade of life.		02.1110
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		07.5444
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		02.1310
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		04.4111
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1110
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		02.1110
Exanthem
[description not available]		02.1310
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		02.1310
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.1310
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		02.1310
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous
A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma.		02.1310
Carcinoma, Colloid
[description not available]		02.7530
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.7530
Adenocystic Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.1310
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1310
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		02.1110
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		02.1110
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube
[description not available]		06.4114
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.		06.4114
HPV Infection
[description not available]		02.1310
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		02.1310
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.9221
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		03.9221
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.1310
Cancer of Salivary Gland
[description not available]		02.1310
Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.		02.1310
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		02.1310
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		02.1310
Gangrene
Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.		07.1510
Dermatosclerosis
[description not available]		03.3920
Scleroderma, Localized
A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.		03.3920
Cystadenoma, Serous
A cystic tumor of the ovary, containing thin, clear, yellow serous fluid and varying amounts of solid tissue, with a malignant potential several times greater than that of mucinous cystadenoma (CYSTADENOMA, MUCINOUS). It can be unilocular, parvilocular, or multilocular. It is often bilateral and papillary. The cysts may vary greatly in size. (Dorland, 27th ed; from Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972)		03.0410
LCIS, Lobular Carcinoma In Situ
[description not available]		02.1510
Breast Carcinoma In Situ
A condition in which abnormal cells have not spread outside the duct, lobule, or nipple to other tissues of the breast. There are 3 types of breast carcinoma in situ: DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU; LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU; and PAGET DISEASE OF THE NIPPLE.		02.1510
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.0610
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		05.0140
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		05.0140
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		05.5470
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		05.5470
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		03.3820
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		02.0410
Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma in which the tumor elements are arranged as finger-like processes or as a solid spherical nodule projecting from an epithelial surface.		02.0510
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		02.0510
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		07.0510
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		02.0510
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		07.0510
Cancer of the Vagina
[description not available]		02.0510
Vaginal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.		02.0510
Cancer of Mediastinum
[description not available]		03.4411
Cancer, Embryonal
[description not available]		03.4411
Mediastinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.		03.4411
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.		03.4411
Extravasation of Contrast Media
[description not available]		02.9710
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		03.2760
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		03.2760
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0510
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		010.66109
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		010.66109
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.0610
Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.0610
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		02.0610
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		02.0610
Low Bone Density
[description not available]		02.0710
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		02.0710
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.		02.0710
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		02.0710
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		04.3711
Pyrexia
[description not available]		05.0952
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		05.0952
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.910
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy
[description not available]		03.910
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0810
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell
A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.		02.0810
Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous
Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.		02.110
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0110
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		02.9210
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		02.9310
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		02.9310
Pleural Effusion, Malignant
Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.		02.4320
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		02.0210
Ductal Carcinoma
[description not available]		04.3211
Carcinoma, Ductal
Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.		04.3211
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary
[description not available]		02.4220
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		03.4111
Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous
An adenocarcinoma with a hard (Greek skirrhos, hard) structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0210
Cancer of Pelvis
[description not available]		03.8221
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		04.7420
Lymphangitis
A lymphatic disease characterized by INFLAMMATION of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		02.0310
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		03.4211
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		03.4211
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
[description not available]		02.9410
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing
ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.		02.9410
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		03.4111
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		03.4111
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		03.4111
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		03.4111
Adenocarcinoma, Endometrioid
[description not available]		02.4420
Carcinoma, Endometrioid
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.		02.4420
Sinus Tachycardia
[description not available]		03.4211
Polyploid
[description not available]		02.0310
Sensation Disorders
Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).		02.9510
Dysphagia
[description not available]		09.6599
Aprosodia
[description not available]		09.6599
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		09.6599
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.0410
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		02.0410
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		02.0410
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		02.0410
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		04.3411
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.420
Neoplasms, Bronchial
[description not available]		01.9910
Bronchial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.		01.9910
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.9110
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.9110
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.9110
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		02.9110
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
[description not available]		0210
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.		0210
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		0210
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		0210
Space Adaptation Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9210
Cancer of Pharynx
[description not available]		02.9210
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.		02.9210
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		03.3911
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0110
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0110
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		02.0110
Spinal Cord Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.		02.0110