ramosetron profile

Ramosetron is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. It was synthesized by scientists at Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Company in Japan, and it was first approved for medical use in 1990. Ramosetron is a potent inhibitor of 5-HT3 receptors, which are located in the gastrointestinal tract and play a role in mediating the vomiting reflex. By blocking these receptors, ramosetron prevents the release of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that triggers nausea and vomiting. Ramosetron is effective in preventing nausea and vomiting caused by a variety of chemotherapy regimens, and it is generally well-tolerated. The drug is administered intravenously or orally, and it is typically used in conjunction with other antiemetics. Ramosetron has been the subject of numerous clinical trials, and it has been found to be effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy for various types of cancer. Ramosetron is also being studied for its potential therapeutic effects in other conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome and migraine headaches.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	108000
CHEMBL ID	1643895
CHEBI ID	135156
SCHEMBL ID	16701
MeSH ID	M0193791

Synonym
unii-7zro0sc54y
7zro0sc54y ,
(-)-(r)-1-methylindol-3-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-5-benzimidazolyl ketone
ramosetron [inn]
nor-ym 060
(-)-(r)-1-methylindol-3-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-5-benzimidazolyl ketone.
bdbm50334454
gtpl2301
ramosetron
CHEBI:135156
ramosetron (inn)
132036-88-5
D08466
(1-methylindol-3-yl)-[(5r)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3h-benzimidazol-5-yl]methanone
A806353
(r)-(1-methyl-1h-indol-3-yl)(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)methanone
CHEMBL1643895 ,
AKOS015896003
ramosetron [who-dd]
ramosetron [mi]
SCHEMBL16701
(r)-(-)-5-[(1-methyl-3-indolyl)carbonyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzimidazole
NTHPAPBPFQJABD-LLVKDONJSA-N
DTXSID0043842
(r)-5-[(1-methylindole-3-yl)carbonyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-bezimidazole
methanone,(1-methyl-1h-indol-3-yl)[(6r)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-benzimidazol-6-yl]-
DB09290
(1-methyl-1h-indol-3-yl)(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-benzimidazol-6-yl)methanone
(-)-(r)-1-methylindol-3-yl 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-5-benzimidazolylketone
Q2979523
AR-270/43507766
(1-methylindol-3-yl)-[(5r)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3h-benzimidazol-5-yl]methanone.
R-146
methanone, (1-methyl-1h-indol-3-yl)[(6r)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-benzimidazol-6-yl]-

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ramosetron is an enantiopure active pharmaceutical ingredient marketed in Japan since 1996 and later in a few Southeast Asian countries predominantly as an antiemetic for patients receiving chemotherapy. "	( Direct separation of the enantiomers of ramosetron on a chlorinated cellulose-based chiral stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode. Cirilli, R; Colombo, M; Ferretti, R; Zanitti, L, 2020)	2.27
"Ramosetron is a potent and selective serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. "	( Ramosetron for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chen, F; Li, Y; Qi, Q; Zhang, Y; Zuo, X, 2018)	3.37
"Ramosetron is a new selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist that reportedly has more potent antiemetic effects than other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. "	( Effects of ramosetron oral disintegrating tablets on gastric emptying: crossover study using the 13C-acetic acid breath test. Endo, H; Fujita, K; Goto, A; Gotoh, E; Iida, H; Inamori, M; Koide, T; Kusakabe, A; Maeda, S; Nakajima, A; Nonaka, T; Nosaka, C; Sekino, Y; Takahashi, H; Yoneda, M, )	1.96
"Ramosetron is a selective serotonergic 5-hydroxy-tryptamine receptor 3 antagonist that is used to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting. "	( Population pharmacokinetics of ramosetron. Cho, SY; Jeong, S; Lee, SH; Yoo, KY, 2016)	2.16
"Ramosetron is a relatively new 5-hydroxytryptamine three receptor antagonist with higher binding affinity and more prolonged duration of action compared to ondansetron. "	( Effect of ramosetron on QTc interval: a randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Cho, YJ; Choi, EK; Hong, DM; Jeon, Y; Kim, TK; Lim, CW; Min, JJ, 2016)	2.28
"Ramosetron is a 5-HT₃ antagonist that has been shown to reduce PONV in general anesthesia."	( A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Ramosetron for Prevention of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting after Intrathecal Morphine in Patients Undergoing Gynecological Surgery. Amornyotin, S; Chinachoti, T; Noitasaeng, P; Sukantarat, N; Wangnamthip, S; Wongtangman, K, 2016)	1.41
"Ramosetron is an effective and well-tolerated treatment not only for female IBS patients but also for male patients."	( A phase II trial of the novel serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist ramosetron in Japanese male and female patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Harasawa, S; Hiwatashi, N; Hongo, M; Matsueda, K; Sasaki, D, 2008)	2.02
"Ramosetron is a newly developed 5-HT3 antagonist with higher receptor affinity and longer duration of action having theoretical advantage over ondansetron in this setting."	( Effect of ramosetron on patient-controlled analgesia related nausea and vomiting after spine surgery in highly susceptible patients: comparison with ondansetron. Choi, YS; Jeon, DH; Kwak, YL; Lee, JY; Shim, JK; Yoon, DH, 2008)	1.47
"Ramosetron proved to be an effective alternative for the control of CRINV during upper abdominal irradiation with concurrent 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy."	( Ramosetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy for pancreatico-biliary cancer. Bang, YJ; Chie, EK; Ha, SW; Im, SA; Jang, JY; Kim, K; Kim, SW; Kim, TY; Oh, DY, 2009)	3.24
"Ramosetron is a new selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist that reportedly has more potent antiemetic effects compared with other 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists. "	( Comparison of ramosetron with ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynaecological surgery. Baek, YH; Kim, SC; Kim, SH; Kim, SI; Ok, SY, 2009)	2.16
"Ramosetron is a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with an affinity higher than that of the previously available drugs ondansetron, granisetron and tropisetron. "	( Ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the control of nausea and vomiting. Rabasseda, X, 2002)	3.2
"Ramosetron is a safe and effective antiemetic and is more cost-effective than granisetron."	( [Preventive effects of ramosetron and granisetron in prevention of gastrointestinal reaction associated with chemotherapeutic agents: a comparative study]. Liu, YP; Shi, J; Teng, YE; Zhang, JD, 2003)	2.07
"Ramosetron is a selective serotonin receptor antagonist (SSRA) that is approved for the treatment of emetic symptoms induced by cytotoxic drugs in Japan. "	( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dosed-finding study of the antiemetic effects and tolerability of ramosetron in adults undergoing middle ear surgery. Fujii, Y; Tanaka, H, 2003)	1.97
"Ramosetron is a long-lasting and safe antiemetic agent."	( Ramosetron versus ondansetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal side effects: A prospective randomized controlled study. Ai, B; Dong, M; Han, X; He, X; Huang, D; Liu, P; Shi, Y; Yang, S; Zhang, C; Zhou, S, 2007)	3.23
"Ramosetron is a potent and selective serotonin (5-HT)(3) receptor antagonist that has been shown to affect abnormal colonic function and abdominal pain in animals. "	( Pharmacological profile of ramosetron, a novel therapeutic agent for IBS. Funatsu, T; Hirata, T; Keto, Y; Nakata, M; Sasamata, M, 2007)	2.08
"Ramosetron is a better antiemetic than granisetron for the long-term prevention of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing general anesthesia for tonsillectomy."	( Prevention of vomiting after tonsillectomy in children: granisetron versus ramosetron. Fujii, Y; Kobayashi, N; Saitoh, Y, 2001)	1.98
"Ramosetron hydrochloride is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, which has an active metabolite (M-1), expected to be useful in the inhibition of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting."	( [Analysis of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ramosetron hydrochloride, based on receptor occupancy considering its active metabolite]. Iga, T; Ogata, A; Sawada, Y; Sugiura, M; Takayanagi, R; Yamada, Y, 2001)	1.3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ramosetron has a significant effect for preventing PONV compared with a placebo, but less than that reported in previous analyses. "	( Reevaluation of the effectiveness of ramosetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Goto, T; Mihara, T; Morita, S; Tojo, K; Uchimoto, K, 2013)	2.11
"Ramosetron has been shown to have a very strong effect for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in previous meta-analyses. "	( Reevaluation of the effectiveness of ramosetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Goto, T; Mihara, T; Morita, S; Tojo, K; Uchimoto, K, 2013)	2.11
"Ramosetron has a significant effect for preventing PONV compared with a placebo, but less than that reported in previous analyses. "	( Reevaluation of the effectiveness of ramosetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Goto, T; Mihara, T; Morita, S; Tojo, K; Uchimoto, K, 2013)	2.11
"Ramosetron has superior antiemetic activity to ondansetron in adult strabismus surgery patients. "	( Ramosetron versus ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting in strabismus surgery patients. Joo, J; Park, HJ; Park, S; Shin, SY, 2016)	3.32
"Oral ramosetron has the same anti-anorectic and anti-emetic effects as intravenous granisetron."	( Comparative clinical study of the anti-emetic effects of oral ramosetron and injected granisetron in patients with malignant glioma undergoing ACNU chemotherapy. Hamada, J; Kai, Y; Kochi, M; Kuratsu, J; Makino, K; Morioka, M; Nakamura, H; Yano, S, 2005)	1.02

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ramosetron use led to a lower incidence, mild severity of nausea, and reduced use of rescue antiemetic drug after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair during the 6- to 24-h postoperative period than the control."	( The effectiveness of ramosetron and ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a randomized controlled trial. Kim, YS; Lee, HJ; Lee, SU, 2020)	2.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ramosetron-treated patients showed high rates of global improvement."	( Effect of ramosetron in female patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: a phase III long-term study. Akiho, H; Fukudo, S; Haruma, K; Hayashi, K; Ida, M; Kinoshita, Y; Nakashima, Y; Okumura, T, 2016)	1.56
"Treatment with ramosetron could cause more hard stool and constipation, without severe adverse events."	( Ramosetron for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chen, F; Li, Y; Qi, Q; Zhang, Y; Zuo, X, 2018)	2.26

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The side effect of anticancer agents such as nausea and vomiting frequently interrupt chemotherapy."	( [Effect of steroid on antiemetic for side effect of anticancer chemotherapy]. Matsumoto, T; Mikami, T; Momokawa, K; Nakamura, Y; Sakayauchi, T; Sasaki, T; Watanabe, T, 2005)	0.33
"Data were collected for analysis of the therapeutic effect in 47 cases and for adverse events in 50 cases."	( Ramosetron versus ondansetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal side effects: A prospective randomized controlled study. Ai, B; Dong, M; Han, X; He, X; Huang, D; Liu, P; Shi, Y; Yang, S; Zhang, C; Zhou, S, 2007)	1.78
"Ramosetron is a long-lasting and safe antiemetic agent."	( Ramosetron versus ondansetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal side effects: A prospective randomized controlled study. Ai, B; Dong, M; Han, X; He, X; Huang, D; Liu, P; Shi, Y; Yang, S; Zhang, C; Zhou, S, 2007)	3.23
" Of the 460 cycles, adverse events, drug-related adverse events, and serious adverse events occurred in 179 (38."	( Safety and efficacy of aprepitant, ramosetron, and dexamethasone for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with ovarian cancer treated with paclitaxel/carboplatin. Bae, DS; Choi, CH; Kim, BG; Kim, HJ; Kim, MK; Kim, TJ; Lee, JW; Lee, YY; Park, JY; Yoon, A, 2014)	0.68
"Triplet therapy using an increased-dose of DEX is suggested to be safe and effective for patients receiving HEC."	( Efficacy and safety of an increased-dose of dexamethasone in patients receiving fosaprepitant chemotherapy in Japan. Akashi, K; Arita, S; Ariyama, H; Baba, E; Komoda, M; Kumagai, H; Kusaba, H; Nagata, K; Nakano, M; Okumura, Y; Takaishi, S; Tamura, S; Uchida, M, 2014)	0.4
"Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a common side effect of general anesthesia."	( Efficacy and safety of ramosetron versus ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Cao, G; Gao, C; Li, B; Lv, F; Wang, F; Wang, H; Wu, G; Xu, L, 2015)	0.73
"In this retrospective analysis of 10,575 patients who used fentanyl-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) after surgery, we evaluated difference between young and elderly patients on their characteristic of adverse effects."	( Postoperative Pain and Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia-Related Adverse Effects in Young and Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of 10,575 Patients. Choi, S; Han, DW; Kim, SY; Koh, JC; Lee, J, 2015)	0.42

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"It can be concluded that the single-dose pharmacokinetic profile of ramosetron 10 microg is not affected to a clinically relevant degree by paroxetine 20 mg once daily administered for 10 days."	( The effect of paroxetine on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of ramosetron in healthy subjects. den Adel, M; Kadokura, T; Krauwinkel, WJ; Nishida, A; Takeshige, T, 2008)	0.81
" Pooled data from 50 patients and 479 pharmacokinetic samples were used for population pharmacokinetic analysis using the nonlinear mixed effect modeling program (NONMEM(®))."	( Population pharmacokinetics of ramosetron. Cho, SY; Jeong, S; Lee, SH; Yoo, KY, 2016)	0.72
"The pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were V1 (l) = 5."	( Population pharmacokinetics and prophylactic anti-emetic efficacy of ramosetron in surgical patients. Choi, BM; Jeong, SW; Lee, EK; Lee, YH; Lim, YJ; Min, KT; Noh, GJ; Seo, JH, 2016)	0.67

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials was performed to update the present evidence about the safety and efficacy of dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics versus single antiemetics for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy."	( Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics versus single antiemetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Abushouk, AI; Ahmed, H; Al Nahrawi, S; Attia, A; Awad, K; Elsherbeny, MY; Mustafa, SM, 2016)	0.43
"Pooled data from 14 RCTs (1542 patients) favored dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics over single antiemetics as a prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the early postoperative period (OR = 0."	( Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics versus single antiemetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Abushouk, AI; Ahmed, H; Al Nahrawi, S; Attia, A; Awad, K; Elsherbeny, MY; Mustafa, SM, 2016)	0.43
"Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics provided better prophylaxis than single antiemetics against postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy."	( Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics versus single antiemetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Abushouk, AI; Ahmed, H; Al Nahrawi, S; Attia, A; Awad, K; Elsherbeny, MY; Mustafa, SM, 2016)	0.43
"25 mg intravenously) D1, combined with APR (125 mg orally, D1 and 80 mg orally, D2-3) and DEX (12 mg orally or intravenously, D1 and 8 mg orally, D2-4)."	( Ramosetron versus Palonosetron in Combination with Aprepitant and Dexamethasone for the Control of Highly-Emetogenic Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting. Ahn, JS; An, HJ; Kang, JH; Kim, GM; Kim, HJ; Kim, JY; Koo, DH; Kwon, JH; Lee, H; Lee, YG; Park, KU; Seol, YM; Sohn, J; Song, H; Yang, JH; Yun, HJ, 2020)	2

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" YM114 (KAE-393), YM-26103-2, YM-26308-2 (3 x 10(-9) to 3 x 10(-8) M) produced concentration-dependent shifts to the right of the dose-response curves for both 5-HT and 2-methyl-5-HT (2-Me-5-HT)."	( Studies on serotonin (5-HT)3-receptor antagonist effects of enantiomers of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-benzimidazole derivatives. Honda, K; Ito, H; Kamato, T; Miyata, K; Suzuki, T, 1995)	0.29
" Left and right cheek pouches were examined before dosing each day, and on the day following the last treatment."	( Two-week oral mucosal irritation study with ramosetron orally disintegrating tablets in Syrian hamsters. Cummins, HA; Suzuki, H; Tabata, H, 1996)	0.56
"Suppositories are the preferable dosage form for patients at home or experiencing nausea."	( Mucoadhesive suppositories of ramosetron hydrochloride utilizing Carbopol. Machida, Y; Onishi, H; Yahagi, R, 2000)	0.6
" Patient preference for the dosage form was also investigated."	( [Evaluation of efficacy of ramosetron orally disintegrating tablets and patient preference as to the dosage form in gynecological cancer chemotherapy]. Nakayama, S; Noda, T; Torii, Y, 2001)	0.61
" The present analysis method should be useful for designing the rational dosage regimen of ramosetron hydrochloride and predicting the duration of its antiemetic activity in a quantitative manner."	( [Analysis of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ramosetron hydrochloride, based on receptor occupancy considering its active metabolite]. Iga, T; Ogata, A; Sawada, Y; Sugiura, M; Takayanagi, R; Yamada, Y, 2001)	0.8
" Dosing of fluvoxamine started with an initial morning dose of 50 mg on Day 3, followed by a twice daily (12-h interval) dosing of 50 mg on Days 4-12."	( The effect of fluvoxamine on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of ramosetron in healthy subjects. den Adel, M; Kadokura, T; Krauwinkel, WJ; Nishida, A; Takeshige, T, 2008)	0.57
"This study shows a trend regarding the dose-response relationship for ramosetron to prevent CINV, including delayed emesis."	( A Randomized, Double-Blind Pilot Study of Dose Comparison of Ramosetron to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting. Bae, WK; Cho, SH; Chung, IJ; Hwang, JE; Jeong, S; Kang, G; Ki, MS; Kim, JK; Kim, KR; Shim, HJ, 2015)	0.89

Class	Description
indoles	Any compound containing an indole skeleton.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0001	0.0000	0.7411	9.9000	AID552106
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
cleavage furrow	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID680934	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake, not inhibited by Verapamil in MBEC4 cell	2002	The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Contribution of P-glycoprotein to efflux of ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, across the blood-brain barrier.
AID678944	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in LLC-PK1 cell and LLC-GA5-COL300 cells	2002	The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Contribution of P-glycoprotein to efflux of ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, across the blood-brain barrier.
AID681556	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in L cell and LV500 cell	2002	The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Contribution of P-glycoprotein to efflux of ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, across the blood-brain barrier.
AID552106	Binding affinity to human 5HT3A receptor	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 21, Issue:1	Novel serotonin type 3 receptor partial agonists for the potential treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID552297	Partial agonist activity at human 5HT3A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as decrease in 100 uM 5-chloroindole-induced increase in intracellular calcium release at 3 uM relative to 5-HT	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 21, Issue:1	Novel serotonin type 3 receptor partial agonists for the potential treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID552110	Partial agonist activity at human 5HT3A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells at 3 uM relative to 5HT	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 21, Issue:1	Novel serotonin type 3 receptor partial agonists for the potential treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	38 (20.43)	18.2507
2000's	57 (30.65)	29.6817
2010's	77 (41.40)	24.3611
2020's	14 (7.53)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	94 (48.45%)	5.53%
Reviews	19 (9.79%)	6.00%
Case Studies	3 (1.55%)	4.05%
Observational	3 (1.55%)	0.25%
Other	75 (38.66%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (50)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Prophylactic Effects of Ondansetron, Ramosetron, and Palonosetron on Patient-Controlled Analgesia Related Nausea and Vomiting After Urologic Laparoscopic Surgery [NCT01169805]		105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Completed
Effects of Ramosetron Orally Disintegrating Tablet on the Prophylaxis of Postdischarge Nausea and Vomiting in High-risk Patients Undergoing Day Surgery Under General Anesthesia [NCT04297293]	Phase 4	138 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-12	Recruiting
Post-marketing Clinical Study of Ramosetron Hydrochloride (Irribow Tablets) - Double-blind, Parallel-group Comparative Study in Patients (Male) With Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome [NCT01225237]	Phase 4	296 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
Special Drug Use Surveillance of Irribow® Tablets and Irribow® OD Tablets in Female Patients [NCT02612649]		793 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-10-01	Completed
Comparative Study of Antiemetic Effect of Ramosetron With Combination of Ondansetron and Dexamethasone in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT02803788]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Recruiting
The Safety and Efficacy of 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist (Ramosetron) Versus Psyllium (Agio®) for the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence: Multicenter Randomized Trial (SERAFI) [NCT06166615]	Phase 2/Phase 3	148 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-15	Not yet recruiting
High-dose Acupuncture for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study [NCT02509143]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
[NCT02478645]	Phase 4	177 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-19	Completed
A Study About Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamics of Ramosetron in Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting [NCT02076529]		51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
The Efficacy and Safety of Ramosetron in Patients Undergoing Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery [NCT02139241]		114 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
Effect of Ramosetron on Heart Rate-corrected QT Interval During Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy With Steep Trendelenburg Position [NCT03232125]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-01	Completed
Effect of Ramosetron on Postoperative Restoration of Bowel Motility After Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery [NCT02849483]	Phase 4	88 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Recruiting
Comparison of Ramosetron, Aprepitant, and Dexamethasone (RAD) With Palonosetron, Aprepitant, and Dexamethasone (PAD) for Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy [NCT02532634]	Phase 4	292 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-19	Completed
[NCT01013012]	Phase 4	94 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
[NCT01041183]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Recruiting
Phase III Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Ramosetron Versus Ondansetron for Radiotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer [NCT00971399]	Phase 3	172 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Post-marketing Clinical Study of Ramosetron Hydrochloride (Irribow Tablets) - A Preliminary Study to Evaluate the Co-primary Endpoint in Patients (Male) With Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome [NCT00918411]	Phase 4	98 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Completed
Analgesia Effects of Nalbuphine vs Sulfentanil in Patient-controlled Intravenous Analgesia After Cesarean Section [NCT02604797]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of the Prophylactic Anti-emetic Efficacy of Gabapentin and Ramosetron in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgery [NCT02617121]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Not yet recruiting
A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Ramosetron, Aprepitant and Dexamethasone (RAD) in Preventing Cisplatin-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Chemotherapy-naïve Patients With Solid Cancer [NCT01046461]	Phase 2	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Active, not recruiting
Bioequivalence Study of YM060 Orally-disintegrating Tablet and Conventional Tablet - Ingestion Without Water [NCT01392794]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
Effect of Ramosetron on Bowel Motility and PONV After Laparoscopic Stomach and Colorectal Resection [NCT01427127]	Phase 4	64 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Recruiting
A Randomized Prospective Study of Scheduled Intravenous Ramosetron for the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Hospitalized Patients After Gynecologic Laparoscopy [NCT02011659]	Phase 3	128 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Recruiting
The Effect of Additional Administration of Ramosetron on Late PONV (Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting) in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery [NCT05326360]	Phase 4	144 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-17	Completed
Comparison of Ramosetron With Ondansetron for Prevention of Intrathecal Morphine Induced Nausea and Vomiting After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT02830906]	Phase 3	99 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
The Effect of Multimodal Anti-emetic Protocol on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT01102491]	Phase 4	153 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Bioequivalence Study of YM060 Orally-disintegrating Tablet and Conventional Tablet - Ingestion With Water - [NCT01394653]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-07-31	Completed
A Double-blind, Parallel-group, Comparative Study in Female Patients With Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome [NCT01870895]	Phase 3	577 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
Comparison of Ramosetron Pre-treatment Time for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) and QTc Prolongation [NCT03278522]	Phase 4	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-01	Completed
A Randomized Double Blind Study to Evaluate Efficacy of Ramosetron and Palonosetron for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Gynaecological Laparoscopic Surgery [NCT01476280]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
A Long Term Study of YM060 in Female Patients With Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome [NCT01736423]	Phase 3	151 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Prospective, Single-arm Phase 2 Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Ramosetron in the Setting of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies [NCT01788605]	Phase 2	65 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Recruiting
[NCT02869984]	Early Phase 1	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Not yet recruiting
To Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Ramosetron, Aprepitant and Dexamethasone Therapy vs Ondansetron, Aprepitant and Dexamethasone Therapy for Preventing of Nausea and Vomiting in Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (ROAD Study) [NCT01536691]	Phase 3	338 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Recruiting
[NCT01806948]	Phase 2	96 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
A Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ramosetron Plus Dexamethasone Injection for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Vomiting and Nausea [NCT00272285]	Phase 3	287 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
Phase 4 Study of Nasea(R)/Ramosetron Inj.as Anti-emetics in the Patients Undergoing Facial Bone Fracture Operations [NCT01637545]	Phase 4	49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Terminated(stopped due to Principal Investigator is away on business)
Effects of Different Kinds, Different Doses of 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists on Prevention of Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia [NCT01669213]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Active, not recruiting
Phase II Study of YM060 - Double-blind, Parallel-group Comparative Study in Patients (Female) With Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome [NCT01274000]	Phase 2	409 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
[NCT01825733]		196 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Ramosetron Plus Aprepitant vs Palonosetron Plus Aprepitant [NCT02597907]		88 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Effect of Ramosetron on Post-discharge Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Gynecologic Surgery Through a Day-surgery Center [NCT03409835]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Recruiting
Real-time Decision Support for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Prophylaxis [NCT02625181]		27,034 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
Safety & Efficacy of 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist (Ramosetron) Versus Loperamide for the Treatment of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (RALLARS): Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05577845]		212 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-27	Recruiting
[NCT02478047]		240 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Not yet recruiting
The Comparison Between Epidural and Intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesia for Laparoscopic Gastrectomy [NCT02444897]	Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
Anti Emetic Efficacy of Combination of Ramosetron and Premixture of Naloxone With Patient-controlled Analgesia After Gynecologic Surgery [NCT02416115]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
[NCT03017222]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-07	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Aprepitant, Ramosetron, and Dexamethasone for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Ovarian Cancer Treated With Taxane/Carboplatin [NCT01012336]	Phase 2	89 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
[NCT02480088]	Phase 4	300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-22	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT01012336 (1) [back to overview]	Efficacy of the Aprepitant/Ramosetron/Dexamethasone Regimen in Terms of the Proportion of Patients With a Complete Response (CR) During the 120 Hour Following Initiation of Chemotherapy.
NCT01102491 (1) [back to overview]	Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting
NCT02597907 (1) [back to overview]	The Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	Adherence to PONV Guidelines
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	PONV Incidence: Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	The Number of Prophylactic Interventions for PONV
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Discharge From the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)

Efficacy of the Aprepitant/Ramosetron/Dexamethasone Regimen in Terms of the Proportion of Patients With a Complete Response (CR) During the 120 Hour Following Initiation of Chemotherapy.

Complete Response is defined as No vomiting with no rescue therapy. These response criteria will be applied to the following time periods: Overall: from 0 (chemotherapy initiation) to the morning of day 6, Acute: 0 to 24 hours following the initiation of chemotherapy, Delayed: 25 hours to the morning of day 6(D6). (NCT01012336)
Timeframe: 120 hours

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Aprepitant	89.4

[back to top]

Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting

outcomes assessor who is blinded to randomization assessed the incidence of postoperative nausea which was defined as subjectively unpleasant sensation associated with awareness of the urge to vomit and an emetic episode and vomiting (NCT01102491)
Timeframe: within 48 hours after surgery

Intervention	participants (Number)
Ramosetron Prophylaxis	25
Control	32

[back to top]

The Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting during 24 hours postoperatively (NCT02597907)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Aprepitant Plus Palonosetron	5
Aprepitant Plus Ramosetron	18

[back to top]

Adherence to PONV Guidelines

PONV guideline adherence: percentage of patients who received the exact number of prophylactic interventions for PONV that were recommended by the decision support. (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: A specific time frame on the day of surgery: the start of admission at the holding room to the end of the anesthetic case

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Baseline Measurement	666
CDS Email Recommendations	5260
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations	5863

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PONV Incidence: Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

The occurrence of PONV, as defined by the administration of antiemetics in the PACU between admission to PACU and discharge from PACU. (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: PACU recovery period

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Baseline Measurement	139
CDS Email Recommendations	1323
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations	1343

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The Number of Prophylactic Interventions for PONV

the absolute number of prophylactic interventions applied between the admission of the patient in the holding room until admission to the PACU. (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: A specific time frame on the day of surgery: from the start of admission at the holding room to the end of the anesthetic case

Intervention	prophylactic antiemetics administered (Mean)
Baseline Measurement	2.196
CDS Email Recommendations	2.176
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations	2.129

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Time to Discharge From the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)

This is the number of minutes from admission to the PACU until discharge, assessed up to 2 days (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: A specific time frame on the day of surgery: from the start of admission to the PACU to discharge from the PACU

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Baseline Measurement	266
CDS Email Recommendations	264
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations	266

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Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	4.45	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
melatonin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	1.99	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide 1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide: RN given refers to parent cp; a 5-HT3 receptor agonist	3.11	5	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes
2-methyl-5-ht 2-methyl-5-HT: M-receptor agonist	3.23	6	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	2	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	3.15	5	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alpha-methylserotonin alpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
azasetron azasetron: a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source;	3.4	7	0	benzoxazine
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	2.39	2	0	benzamides
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	1.99	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.1	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	4.08	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	7.73	9	7	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	10.99	5	2	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	9.45	1	1	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
granisetron [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	2.39	2	0	quaternary ammonium salt
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	3.15	1	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.44	2	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
itopride [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzamides
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	7.58	2	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	3.29	6	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
mebeverine mebeverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	8.85	2	1	methoxybenzoic acid
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	7.07	5	1	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	5.75	5	4	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	8.56	1	1	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	1.99	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	13.93	46	17	carbazoles
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	2.07	1	0	phenylalanine derivative
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	1.99	1	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	4.97	2	1	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
sdz 205-557 [no description available]	1.99	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	8.03	1	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
trimebutine Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.	2.04	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	3.39	1	1	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	3.11	5	0	guanidines
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	1.97	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	2.02	1	0	organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	3.65	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.25	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	9.8	11	5	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
diethylamine [no description available]	2.25	1	0	secondary aliphatic amine
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.69	3	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	1.97	1	0	indazole
thiazoles [no description available]	2.41	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	1.99	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	1.97	1	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	8.59	1	1	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	10.94	3	3	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.31	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	2.77	3	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	3.56	1	1	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	3.38	1	1	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	7.04	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	8.8	1	1	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	3.51	1	1	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
irinotecan [no description available]	2.03	1	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
colestipol Colestipol: Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.. colestipol : A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.	2.13	1	0
tiquizium bromide thiaton: antispasmodic; RN refers to bromide (trans)-isomer. tiquizium bromide : A organic bromide salt of tiquizium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of convulsion and hypermobility in gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, enteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, gallbladder disease, biliary tract disease and urolithiasis.	2.47	2	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
zacopride [no description available]	1.99	1	0	benzamides
renzapride [no description available]	2.39	2	0
mosapride 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound
sb 204070a SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist	2	1	0
gr 65630 GR 65630: serotonin receptor ligand. GR 65630 : A member of the class of methylindoles that is 1-methylindole substituted at position 3 by a 3-(4-methylimidazol-5-yl)propanoyl group.	1.98	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	4.36	2	2	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
sc 53116 SC 53116: serotonin agonist; pyrrolizidine cpd but not alkaloid; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
ym 114 YM 114: a derivative of YM-060; a 5-HT(3) receptor anatagonist; structure in first source	3.08	5	0
pumosetrag Pumosetrag: a 5-HT3 receptor agonist MKC-733 on upper gastrointestinal motility in human	2.06	1	0
lubiprostone [no description available]	2.13	1	0
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.13	1	0
carboplatin [no description available]	10.94	3	3
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	4.65	3	2	indolyl carboxylic acid
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.02	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
dezocine dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.	9.04	2	1	phenols; primary amino compound	opioid analgesic
prucalopride prucalopride: a 5-HT4 agonist enterokinetic compound	2.13	1	0	benzamides
granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.	11.94	36	16	aromatic amide; indazoles
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	9.02	2	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	7.31	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	4.49	2	2	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
l 365260 L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively	2.02	1	0	benzodiazepine
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	7.04	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	1.99	1	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	10.27	15	6	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
cilansetron cilansetron: structure given in first source; binds to 5-HT(3) receptors	2.73	3	0
eluxadoline [no description available]	3.65	2	0	amino acid amide; benzamides; imidazoles; L-phenylalanine derivative; methoxybenzoic acid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; gastrointestinal drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	1.98	1	0
rifamycins [no description available]	2.13	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	7.25	1	0	glycoside
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	4.31	4	1
plecanatide plecanatide: A uroguanylin analog and guanylate cyclase (GC-C receptor) agonist that activates receptors on gut epithelial cells to maintain barrier function, mucus production, and suppress inflammation. It is used in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and other gastrointestinal disorders.	2.13	1	0
nedaplatin nedaplatin: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	3.41	1	1	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	6.7	5	4	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.	2.1	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; phosphoramide; triazoles	antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; prodrug

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	0	11.69	22	7
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.32	6	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	0	11.69	22	7
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	0	7.81	15	12
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	0	7.81	15	12
Emesis, Postoperative [description not available]	0	15.98	68	52
Flatus [description not available]	0	4.72	1	1
Flatulence Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.	0	4.72	1	1
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.	1	17.98	68	52
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Ache [description not available]	0	4.15	2	1
Segond Fracture [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	4.15	2	1
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	0	2.31	1	0
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and localized autonomic dysfunction following injury to soft tissue or nerve. The pain is usually associated with ERYTHEMA; SKIN TEMPERATURE changes, abnormal sudomotor activity (i.e., changes in sweating due to altered sympathetic innervation) or edema. The degree of pain and other manifestations is out of proportion to that expected from the inciting event. Two subtypes of this condition have been described: type I; (REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY) and type II; (CAUSALGIA). (From Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)	0	2.31	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	6.98	10	8
Emesis [description not available]	0	12.02	33	19
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	1	16.45	60	38
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	1	8.98	10	8
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	1	14.02	33	19
Cancer, Embryonal [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	5.63	3	2
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.	0	2.31	1	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	5.63	3	2
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	0	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	0	7.74	4	4
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	7.74	4	4
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	0	7.74	4	4
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	7.74	4	4
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	2.31	1	0
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	0	3.53	1	1
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	3.53	1	1
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	0	6.54	3	2
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	6.67	4	1
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	0	6.54	3	2
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	11.3	17	6
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	6.67	4	1
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	3.56	1	1
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	5.06	3	3
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	3.56	1	1
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	5.06	3	3
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	2.1	1	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	0	2.1	1	0
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube [description not available]	0	4.4	1	1
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.	0	4.4	1	1
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	0	8.13	5	5
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	0	8.13	5	5
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	6.22	4	3
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	4.09	3	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	3.51	1	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	2.13	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	2.13	1	0
Visceral Pain Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.	0	2.13	1	0
Concomitant Strabismus [description not available]	0	6.44	4	4
Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)	0	6.44	4	4
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	0	4.34	1	1
Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available]	0	2.96	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	2.96	1	0
Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	0	2.96	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	2.96	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	9.74	2	1
Indigestion [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	0	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	2.08	1	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	0	2.08	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	4.09	3	1
Anticipatory Vomiting [description not available]	0	5.96	7	4
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	0	10.89	5	5
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	4.09	3	1
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	4.36	2	2
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	0	5	3	3
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	5	3	3
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	3.81	2	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	3.81	2	1
Dizzyness [description not available]	0	5.01	3	3
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	5.01	3	3
Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.	0	5.01	3	3
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	5.01	3	3
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	1	4.02	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	3.41	1	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	8.41	1	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Cancer of Head [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.41	1	1
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	0	3.41	1	1
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	2.03	1	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.03	1	0
Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.	0	2.03	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	4.37	2	2
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	4.37	2	2
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	3.24	6	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	0	1.98	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	1.98	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	1.99	1	0
Gastric Stasis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Gastroparesis Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	0	2	1	0
Breast Cancer, Male [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Breast Neoplasms, Male Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.	0	3.38	1	1
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	3.39	1	1
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	0	3.39	1	1
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	0	3.39	1	1
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.	0	3.39	1	1
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	0	3.39	1	1
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	3.39	1	1
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	1.98	1	0

ramosetron

Cross-References

Synonyms (34)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (7)

Molecular Functions (7)

Ceullar Components (7)

Bioassays (6)

Research

Studies (186)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 61.85

Study Types

Clinical Trials (50)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Efficacy of the Aprepitant/Ramosetron/Dexamethasone Regimen in Terms of the Proportion of Patients With a Complete Response (CR) During the 120 Hour Following Initiation of Chemotherapy.

Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting

The Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Adherence to PONV Guidelines

PONV Incidence: Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

The Number of Prophylactic Interventions for PONV

Time to Discharge From the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)

ramosetron

Cross-References

Synonyms (34)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (7)

Molecular Functions (7)

Ceullar Components (7)

Bioassays (6)

Research

Studies (186)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 61.85

Study Types

Clinical Trials (50)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Efficacy of the Aprepitant/Ramosetron/Dexamethasone Regimen in Terms of the Proportion of Patients With a Complete Response (CR) During the 120 Hour Following Initiation of Chemotherapy.

Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting

The Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Adherence to PONV Guidelines

PONV Incidence: Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

The Number of Prophylactic Interventions for PONV

Time to Discharge From the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)

Related Drugs (98)

Related Conditions (128)