Compounds > parthenin
Page last updated: 2024-11-08

parthenin

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Description

parthenin: sesqiterpene lactone from Parthenium hysterophorus; structure; RN given refers to 3aS-(3aalpha,6beta,6abeta,9abeta,9balpha)-isomer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
Partheniumgenusnull[CHeBI]AsteraceaeA large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of daisy refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID442288
CHEMBL ID401149
CHEBI ID7938
SCHEMBL ID382003
MeSH IDM0077738

Synonyms (22)

Synonym
10-alpha-h-ambrosa-2,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid, 1,6-beta-dihydroxy-4-oxo-, gamma-lactone
(3as-(3aalpha,6beta,6aalpha,9abeta,9balpha))-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,9a,9b-octahydro-6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-3-methyleneazuleno (4,5-b)furan-2,9-dione
10alphah-ambrosa-2,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid, 1,6beta-dihydroxy-4-oxo-, gamma-lactone
nsc 85239
azuleno(4,5-b)furan-2,9-dione, 3,3a,4,5,6,6a,9a,9b-octahydro-6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (3as-(3aalpha,6beta,6aalpha,9abeta,9balpha))-
parthenin
508-59-8
C09523
LMPR0103420001
CHEMBL401149
chebi:7938 ,
(3as,6s,6as,9as,9br)-6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6,9b-tetrahydro-3ah-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-2,9-dione
982djp4w6a ,
unii-982djp4w6a
partenin
SCHEMBL382003
azuleno(4,5-b)furan-2,9-dione, 3,3a,4,5,6,6a,9a,9b-octahydro-6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (3as,6s,6as,9as,9br)-
10.alpha.h-ambrosa-2,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid, 1,6.beta.-dihydroxy-4-oxo-, .gamma.-lactone
parthenin [mi]
Q27107626
DTXSID40877834
azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,9-dione, 3,3a,4,5,6,6a,9a,9b-octahydro-6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (3as,6s,6as,9as,9br)-

Research Excerpts

Overview

Parthenin is a metabolite of Parthenium hysterophorus. It is believed to contribute to the weed's invasiveness via allelopathy.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Parthenin is a metabolite of Parthenium hysterophorus and is believed to contribute to the weed's invasiveness via allelopathy. "( Investigating a Potential Auxin-Related Mode of Hormetic/Inhibitory Action of the Phytotoxin Parthenin.
Belz, RG, 2016)		2.1

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"In the rabbit isolated aorta, hymenin (10(-6) M), a novel marine alkaloid, caused a parallel rightward shift of the dose-response curve for norepinephrine without affecting that for histamine or KCl, suggesting that hymenin is a competitive antagonist of alpha-adrenoceptors in vascular smooth muscles."( Alpha-adrenoceptor blocking action of hymenin, a novel marine alkaloid.
Kobayashi, J; Nakamura, H; Ohizumi, Y, 1988)		0.27
" This biphasic action was hypothesized to be auxin-like and, therefore, an auxin-related mode of parthenin action was investigated using two approaches: joint action experiments with Lactuca sativa, and dose-response experiments with auxin/antiauxin-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes."( Investigating a Potential Auxin-Related Mode of Hormetic/Inhibitory Action of the Phytotoxin Parthenin.
Belz, RG, 2016)		0.87
" We tested the response of Lactuca sativa in complete dose-response experiments to six different toxicants at doses that did not decrease population mean and beyond."( Low doses of six toxicants change plant size distribution in dense populations of Lactuca sativa.
Belz, RG; Patama, M; Sinkkonen, A, 2018)		0.48
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
sesquiterpene lactoneAny member of a diverse class of complex, multicyclic phytochemicals showing a variety of skeleton arrangements and bioactivities, and having in common a sesquiterpenoid structure including a lactone ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (31)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1155391Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82Design and synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of coronopilin as anti-cancer compounds.
AID1155388Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82Design and synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of coronopilin as anti-cancer compounds.
AID1155392Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82Design and synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of coronopilin as anti-cancer compounds.
AID310936Cytotoxicity against human KB cells2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8
Quantitative structure-activity relationship of sesquiterpene lactones with cytotoxic activity.
AID608573Toxicity in Swiss albino mouse transplanted with EAC cells assessed as mortality at 50 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days measured on day 2nd2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID1155393Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82Design and synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of coronopilin as anti-cancer compounds.
AID608572Toxicity in Swiss albino mouse transplanted with EAC cells assessed as mortality at 25 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days measured on day 4th2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID608478Toxicity in Swiss albino mouse model of Ehrlich Ascites tumor assessed as mortality at 50 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days measured on second day2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID608563Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells transplanted in ip dosed Swiss albino mouse assessed as tumor growth inhibition administered for 9 days2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID320961Inhibition of serotonin release in bovine platelets2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Neural networks as valuable tools to differentiate between sesquiterpene lactones' inhibitory activity on serotonin release and on NF-kappaB.
AID432383Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) of parthenin analogues with pro-apoptotic activity: Development of novel anti-cancer leads.
AID608579Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells transplanted in Swiss albino mouse assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 10 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days (Rvb = 4.57+/-0.39 mL)2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID1155390Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82Design and synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of coronopilin as anti-cancer compounds.
AID1090869Larvicidal activity against Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) assessed as growth inhibition at 3 mM/kg relative to control by chronic feeding bioassay2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-12, Volume: 55, Issue:25
Screening of dialkoxybenzenes and disubstituted cyclopentene derivatives against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, for the discovery of new feeding and oviposition deterrents.
AID1155389Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82Design and synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of coronopilin as anti-cancer compounds.
AID608472Antitumor activity against mouse Ehrlich Ascites tumor xenografted in Swiss albino mouse assessed as decrease in tumor weight at 10 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days (Rvb = 1708+/-51.07 mg)2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID608477Toxicity in Swiss albino mouse model of Ehrlich Ascites tumor assessed as mortality at 25 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days measured on fourth day2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID432385Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as DNA population at sub G0/G1 phase at 10 uM after 6 hrs by flow cytometry2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) of parthenin analogues with pro-apoptotic activity: Development of novel anti-cancer leads.
AID608461Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells assessed as cell growth after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID608575Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells transplanted in Swiss albino mouse assessed as decrease in tumor cells in ascetic fluid at 10 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days (Rvb = 4.57+/-0.39 mL)2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID432384Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) of parthenin analogues with pro-apoptotic activity: Development of novel anti-cancer leads.
AID608480Antitumor activity against mouse Ehrlich Ascites tumor xenografted in Swiss albino mouse assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 10 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days measured on day 132011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID608460Cytotoxicity against human SW620 cells assessed as cell growth after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID608661Toxicity in ip dosed Swiss albino mouse transplanted with mouse EAC cells assessed as mortality administered for 9 days2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID612625Antiinflammatory activity in mouse neutrophils assessed as inhibition of LPS-stimulated TNFalpha cytokine expression at 1 ug/ml after 3 hrs by flow cytometeric analysis2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 21, Issue:16
Psilostachyin, acetylated pseudoguaianolides and their analogues: preparation and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory potential.
AID608462Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as cell growth after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID608565Toxicity in Swiss albino mouse transplanted with mouse EAC cells assessed as mortality at 25 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days measured on day 2nd2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID387024Cytotoxicity against human KB cells2008European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 43, Issue:10
Use of self-organizing maps and molecular descriptors to predict the cytotoxic activity of sesquiterpene lactones.
AID608566Toxicity in Swiss albino mouse transplanted with mouse EAC cells assessed as mortality at 50 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days measured on day 3rd2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
AID336310Antimigraine activity in bovine citreated platelet assessed as inhibition of [14C]serotonin release after 6 mins by scintillation counting1992Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8
A bioassay for inhibition of serotonin release from bovine platelets.
AID608568Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells transplanted in Swiss albino mouse assessed as decrease in astic fluid volume at 10 mg/kg, ip administered for 9 days (Rvb = 4.57+/-0.39 mL)2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of spiro derivatives of parthenin as novel anti-cancer agents.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (42)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19909 (21.43)18.7374
1990's3 (7.14)18.2507
2000's12 (28.57)29.6817
2010's13 (30.95)24.3611
2020's5 (11.90)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 33.55

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index33.55 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.81 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.93 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index44.85 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (33.55)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews3 (6.82%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other41 (93.18%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		2.2510carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		1.9810halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		2.0310guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		1.9710aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		2.4820nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		1.9710inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
rolipram
[no description available]		2.0610pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		2.110mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
veratrole
veratrole: structure. dimethoxybenzene : Any methoxybenzene that consists of a benzene skeleton substituted with two methoxy groups and its derivatives.. veratrole : A dimethoxybenzene with the methoxy groups at ortho-positions.		2.0310dimethoxybenzeneplant metabolite
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0610butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
benzonitrile
benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group.		2.0610benzenes;
nitrile
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.5720pyrrole;
secondary amine
pelargonic acid
pelargonic acid: K salt acts as cariostatic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nonanoic acid : A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.		2.1710medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antifeedant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-tert-octylphenol
4-tert-octylphenol: structure given in first source		2.1710alkylbenzene
3-hydroxyanisole
3-hydroxyanisole: structure in first source. 3-methoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol having a methoxy-substituent at the 3-position.		2.0310monomethoxybenzene;
phenols
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
1,4-dimethoxybenzene
1,4-dimethoxybenzene: structure given in first source		2.0310dimethoxybenzene
1,3-dimethoxybenzene
1,3-dimethoxybenzene: structure given in first source		2.0310methoxybenzenes
ricinine
[no description available]		2.1110nitrile;
pyridine alkaloid;
pyridone
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		2.1510acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
4-Ethoxyphenol
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic ether;
phenols
helenalin
helenalin: toxic principle of Helenium microcephalum (smallhead sneezeweed); structure. helenalin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer).. NF-kappaB inhibitor : An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA.		2.7330cyclic ketone;
gamma-lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
sesquiterpene lactone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		2.2510chromium group element atommicronutrient
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		2.2510copper group element atom;
elemental gold
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.4820delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
propranolol hydrochloride
Inderex: combination of above cpds; used in treatment of hypertension		1.9810hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.		1.9810
guaethol
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic ether;
phenols;
volatile organic compound		flavouring agent
alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone
alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide having a methylene group at the 3-position.		2.0610butan-4-olideanti-ulcer drug;
gastrointestinal drug
isoalantolactone
isoalantolactone: RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4aalpha,8abeta,9aalpha))-isomer; structure. isoalantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium.		2.4120eudesmane sesquiterpenoid;
sesquiterpene lactone		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
phenylheptatriyne
phenylheptatriyne: structure		2.1110benzenes
ambrosin
ambrosin: from Ambrosia maritime; structure		2.4420sesquiterpene lactone
Mexicanin I
[no description available]		2.4420sesquiterpene lactone
parthenolide
[no description available]		7.9440germacranolide
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		2.0310oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
vernodalin
vernodalin: RN given for (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,5aalpha,9aalpha,9bbeta))-isomer; structure in first source		2.4420carbonyl compound
santamarine
santamarine: sesquiterpene derivative of costunolide. santamarin : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group.		2.4120sesquiterpene lactone
santonin
Santonin: Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)		2.4120botanical anti-fungal agent;
santonin		plant metabolite
tenulin
tenulin: toxic constituent of Helenium amarum (bitter sneezeweed); structure		2.0410sesquiterpene lactone
coronopilin
coronopilin: isolated from Ambrosia arborescens		2.9640sesquiterpene lactone
gaillardin
gaillardin: isolated from the aerial parts of Inula oculus-christi; structure in first source		2.4420sesquiterpene lactone
aromaticin
[no description available]		2.4420cyclic ketone;
gamma-lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		anti-inflammatory agent;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
Canin
[no description available]		2.4120sesquiterpene lactone
grosheimin
grosheimin: from the aerial parts of V. decurens; structure		2.0410sesquiterpene lactone
vernolepin
[no description available]		2.4420delta-lactone
vernomenin
vernomenin: generic name for group of peptide lactone antibiotics from Streptomyces loidensis; structure		2.4420delta-lactone
reynosin
reynosin: sesquiterpene derivative of costunolide. reynosin : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group, found particularly in Magnolia grandiflora and Laurus nobilis.		2.4120organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		metabolite
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		6.86350
azadirachtin
azadirachtin A : A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).. azadirachtin : A family of terpenoids isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).		210acetate ester;
azadirachtin;
cyclic hemiketal;
enoate ester;
epoxide;
methyl ester;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary alcohol		hepatoprotective agent
costunolide
[no description available]		2.4420germacranolide;
heterobicyclic compound		anthelminthic drug;
antiinfective agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antiviral drug;
metabolite
Euparotin acetate
[no description available]		2.4420sesquiterpene lactone
eupatolide
eupatolide: sesquiterpene lactone from Eupatorium formasanum HAY; structure. eupatolide : A germacranolide with formula C15H20O3, isolated from several Inula species. It exhibits anti-cancer properties.		2.0410gamma-lactone;
germacranolide;
homoallylic alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
eupatoriopicrine
[no description available]		2.0410germacranolide
angiotensin amide
psilostachyin A: has antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, leishmanicidal, and molluscicidal activities; isolated from Ambrosia psilostachya; structure in first source		2.4620
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		7.3620cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		1.9810monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
oroidin
oroidin: from marine sponges of the genus Agelas; structure in first source		2.2510pyrroles;
secondary carboxamide		metabolite
ilicic acid
ilicic acid: from Inula viscosa; structure in first source		2.0410eudesmane sesquiterpenoid
eudesmanolide
eudesmanolide: structure in first source		2.0410sesquiterpene lactone
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.110
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		2.0110chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
hymenialdisine
[no description available]		2.1110
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4420
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.4420
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		02.0610
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.0610
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.0610
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.0610
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.0610
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.2510
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.2510
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.2510
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.2510
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.8530
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.8530
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		04.130
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		04.130
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		02.110
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		02.110
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.1310
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.1310
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		07.1310
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.1310
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		01.9610
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.3720
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		02.3720
Hay Fever
[description not available]		02.910
Plant Poisoning
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.		02.910
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		02.910
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		01.9810
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.0110
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		02.0110
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.3720