Jet Lag

A chronobiologic disorder resulting from rapid travel across a number of time zones, characterized by insomnia or hypersomnolence, fatigue, behavioral symptoms, headaches, and gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Cooper, Sleep, 1994, pp593-8)

Synonym
Time Zone Change Syndrome
Time Zone Syndrome
Jet Lag
Jet Lag Syndrome

Excerpt	Reference
"Jet lag is caused by a misalignment between circadian rhythms and local destination time."	( Burgess, HJ; Crowley, SJ; Eastman, CI; Fogg, LF; Gazda, CJ, 2003)
"Jet lag is often cited as a cause of poor sporting performance."	( Fuard, MH; Milne, CJ, 2007)
"Since jet lag is caused mainly by inappropriate timing of the body clock in the new time zone, the pertinent properties of the body clock are outlined, with a description of how the body clock can be adjusted."	( Atkinson, G; Edwards, B; Reilly, T; Waterhouse, J, 2007)
"Jet lag is due to the misalignment of the internal circadian clock(s) with external time cues."	( Arendt, J, 2009)
"Jet lag is a disorder in which body rhythms are out of phase with the environment because of rapid travel across time zones."	( Brown, GM; Cardinali, DP; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Trakht, I, 2009)
"Jet lag is a syndrome caused by disruption of the 'body clock', and affects most air travellers crossing five or more time zones; it is worse on eastward than on westward flights."	( Herxheimer, A, 2014)
"Jet lag syndrome is an exogenous circadian rhythm sleep disorder, frequently reported in travelers who cross multiple time zones in a short period of time."	( Farren, F; Rada, G; Tortorolo, F, 2015)
"Jet lag is a challenge for transmeridian travelers, while fatigue and alterations to gastrointestinal comfort are associated with many types of long-haul travel."	( Burke, LM; Halson, SL; Pearce, J, 2019)

Excerpt	Reference
"Jet lag has potentially serious deleterious effects on performance in athletes following transmeridian travel, where time zones are crossed eastwards or westwards; as such, travel causes specific effects related to desynchronization of the athlete's internal body clock or circadian clock."	( Cook, C; Drawer, S; Dudley, E; Forbes-Robertson, S; Kilduff, L; Vadgama, P, 2012)

Excerpt	Reference
"Jet lag affects most air travellers crossing five or more time zones; it tends to be worse on eastward than on westward flights."	( Herxheimer, A, 2008)

Excerpt	Reference
"Current remedies for jet lag (phototherapy, melatonin, stimulant, and sedative medications) are limited in efficacy and practicality."	( Birkmayer, GD; Kay, GG; Vürre, E, 2002)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	23.3326
1990's	8 (3.94)	12.5806
2000's	96 (47.29)	18.1394
2010's	73 (35.96)	28.8240
2020's	26 (12.81)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
carnitine	low	1	0
dimethyl sulfoxide	low	1	0
melatonin	medium	148	18
nitrites	low	1	0
acetazolamide	low	1	0
amitriptyline	low	1	0
caffeine	medium	14	3
glyphosate	low	2	0
modafinil	medium	4	1
oxazepam	low	1	0
risperidone	low	1	0
temazepam	medium	1	1
ticlopidine	low	1	0
triazolam	low	2	0
zolpidem	medium	1	1
zopiclone	medium	1	1
corticosterone	low	8	0
glutamine	low	1	0
galactose	low	2	0
dimethyl sulfone	low	1	0
tryptophan	low	1	0
melamine	low	1	0
pyrroles	low	1	0
methamphetamine	low	1	0
clopenthixol	low	1	0
methylnitrosourea	low	1	0
6-sulfatoxymelatonin	medium	6	3
nobiletin	low	1	0
s20098	medium	2	1
nicotine	low	1	0
ramelteon	medium	4	1
beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin	medium	1	1
benzofurans	low	1	0
glycogen	low	1	0
carnosine	low	1	0
arginine vasopressin	low	1	0
cotinine	low	1	0
astaxanthine	low	1	0
humulene	low	1	0
tasimelteon	low	1	0
cp 154526	low	1	0
pituitrin	low	1	0
nad	medium	1	1
vasoactive intestinal peptide	low	1	0
sr9009	low	1	0
vitamin b 12	low	1	0
eye	low	1	0
leptin	low	1	0

Protein Targets (579)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	2	0	0	2
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II	0	0	1	1
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II	0	0	1	1
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Carbonic Anhydrase Ii	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Carbonic Anhydrase Ii	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	2	0	0	2
Chain A, Endochitinase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Endochitinase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Endochitinase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Class Iii Chitinase Chia1	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase II	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Chain B, Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
thioredoxin reductase	8	0	0	8
GALC protein	3	0	0	3
GLI family zinc finger 3	10	0	0	10
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	8	0	0	8
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	7	0	0	7
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	10	0	0	10
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	11	0	0	11
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	5	0	0	5
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	10	0	0	10
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
arylsulfatase A	5	0	0	5
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	11	0	0	11
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	4	0	0	4
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	3	0	0	3
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	8	0	0	8
geminin	7	0	0	7
peripheral myelin protein 22	4	0	0	4
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	3	0	0	3
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	6	5	0	11
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	10	0	10
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	10	0	10
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 12	0	2	1	6
Prolyl endopeptidase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11	0	1	0	2
Bile salt export pump	0	12	0	12
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form	0	2	0	2
Renin	0	3	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase 1	0	4	1	12
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	4	1	11
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	4	0	4
Carbonic anhydrase 3	0	2	1	6
Cathepsin B	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 3A4	0	4	0	4
Steryl-sulfatase	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	4	0	4
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2C8	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2D6	0	4	0	4
Cytochrome P450 2A6	0	4	1	5
Cytochrome P450 2C9	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	4	0	4
Androgen receptor	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	6	5	0	11
Translocator protein	0	3	1	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	6	5	0	11
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	6	5	0	11
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	6	5	0	11
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	6	5	0	11
Cannabinoid receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2B6	0	3	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	3	1	7
Carbonic anhydrase 6	0	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	6	5	0	11
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	6	5	0	11
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A1	0	3	0	4
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1	0	1	0	1
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	0	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	6	5	0	11
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	6	5	0	11
Endochitinase	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	6	5	0	11
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	3	0	5
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	4	0	4
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	3	0	3
Delta-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2C19	0	4	0	4
Delta-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	3	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	0	2	1	6
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	3
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 7	0	2	1	5
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
D(1A) dopamine receptor	1	1	0	2
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	2
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	3	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	6	5	0	11
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	6	5	0	11
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	6	5	0	11
Cholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1	0	1	0	1
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 1	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	1	0	2
Squalene synthase	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	0	4	2	7
Carbonic anhydrase 9	0	2	1	6
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 3	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Sigma intracellular receptor 2	0	1	0	1
Delta carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	2	1	3
Renin	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	2
Endochitinase A1	0	1	0	1
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	2	1	4
GABA theta subunit	6	5	0	11
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	10	0	10
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	2	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase 15	0	2	0	4
Acidic mammalian chitinase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	2	0	4
Carbonic anhydrase 7	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	6	5	0	11
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 14	0	2	1	6
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 2, isoform A	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	0	2	1	6
Chain A, HADH2 protein	5	0	0	5
Chain B, HADH2 protein	5	0	0	5
USP1 protein, partial	2	0	0	2
NFKB1 protein, partial	2	0	0	2
GLS protein	4	0	0	4
cytochrome P450 2D6	7	0	0	7
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1	5	0	0	5
D(1A) dopamine receptor	2	0	0	2
chromobox protein homolog 1	7	0	0	7
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor	1	0	0	1
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1	2	0	0	2
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	4	0	0	4
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	3	0	4
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	1	0	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	4	0	4
Albumin	0	0	2	2
High affinity nerve growth factor receptor	0	1	2	3
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	3	0	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	3	0	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	3	0	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	3	0	3
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	6	0	6
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	3	0	3
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	0	4	0	4
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	5	0	5
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	6	0	6
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	6	0	6
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	5	0	5
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	4	0	4
D(1A) dopamine receptor	0	4	0	4
D(1B) dopamine receptor	0	1	0	1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4	0	0	0	1
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	0	3	1	4
Histamine H2 receptor	0	4	0	4
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	4	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	4	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	5	0	5
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	0	4	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	0	1	0	1
Histamine H1 receptor	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	4	1	5
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B	0	1	0	1
Histamine H1 receptor	0	4	0	4
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	5	0	5
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3	0	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	4	0	4
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	3	0	3
Histamine H2 receptor	2	1	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	0	3	0	3
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D	0	2	0	2
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	4	0	4
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	0	5	0	5
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	2	0	2
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	0	2	0	2
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3	0	4	0	4
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Ataxin-2	4	0	0	4
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	6	0	6
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Histamine H3 receptor	0	3	0	3
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	1	0	0	1
Vasopressin V2 receptor	0	2	1	4
Oxytocin receptor	0	1	1	2
Vasopressin V1a receptor	0	0	2	2
Vasopressin V1a receptor	0	1	1	2
Vasopressin V1b receptor	0	1	1	2
Vasopressin V2 receptor	0	0	1	1
Vasopressin V1b receptor	0	1	1	3
Translocator protein	0	1	0	2
Oxytocin receptor	0	1	0	1
Vasopressin V2 receptor	0	1	1	2
Chain A, Glycogen Phosphorylase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form	0	0	1	1
Chain A, glycogen phosphorylase, liver form	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Chitinase	0	1	0	1
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	4	0	0	4
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	8	0	0	8
AR protein	10	0	0	10
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	2	0	0	2
pregnane X nuclear receptor	8	0	0	8
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	10	0	0	10
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	5	0	0	5
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	2	0	0	2
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor	1	0	0	1
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	6	0	0	6
DNA polymerase beta	1	0	0	1
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	4	0	0	4
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	3	0	0	3
lethal factor (plasmid)	1	0	0	1
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	3	0	0	3
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	0	0	1	1
Cholinesterase	0	2	0	2
Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form	0	1	0	1
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form	0	1	0	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A3	0	1	0	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor 2	3	0	0	3
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	0	1	0	1
Acetylcholinesterase	0	2	0	2
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	0	2	0	2
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A3	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	2	1	4
Adenosine receptor A2b	0	1	0	2
Adenosine receptor A2b	0	2	0	3
Adenosine receptor A1	0	1	1	4
Vasopressin V2 receptor	0	0	0	1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A1	0	1	0	1
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform	0	1	0	1
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit	0	1	0	1
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B	0	1	0	1
Adenylate cyclase type 1	0	0	0	1
Chitotriosidase-1	0	1	0	1
Serine-protein kinase ATM	0	1	0	1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2b	0	1	0	2
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C	0	1	0	1
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM	0	2	2	4
Endochitinase B1	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor	0	0	0	1
Phosphodiesterase	0	1	0	1
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	0	2	0	2
Guanine deaminase	0	1	0	1
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	4	0	0	4
Solute carrier family 22 member 5	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 5	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 16	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 21	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 5	0	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor	1	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 15 member 1	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 15 member 2	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 15 member 2	0	1	0	1
pregnane X receptor	1	0	0	1
TDP1 protein	7	0	0	7
Thrombopoietin	1	0	0	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	2	0	0	2
progesterone receptor	2	0	0	2
nonstructural protein 1	1	0	0	1
G	4	0	0	4
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	3	0	0	3
IDH1	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	5	0	0	5
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	2	0	0	2
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	1	0	0	1
heat shock protein beta-1	3	0	0	3
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	6	0	0	6
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	2	0	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 3	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 3	0	2	0	2
Interferon beta	4	0	0	4
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	4	0	0	4
Sex hormone-binding globulin	0	0	1	1
Corticosteroid-binding globulin	0	1	0	1
Mineralocorticoid receptor	0	0	1	1
C-8 sterol isomerase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A1	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	3	0	0	3
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	3	0	3
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	4	0	0	4
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	3	0	3
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	4	0	0	4
ATAD5 protein, partial	4	0	0	4
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	3	0	0	3
flap endonuclease 1	3	0	0	3
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	0	3	3	7
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	0	3	3	7
Cytochrome P450 2A5	0	2	0	2
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	5	0	0	5
Cereblon isoform 4	0	4	0	4
67.9K protein	2	0	0	2
Choline O-acetyltransferase	0	2	0	2
Protein cereblon	0	4	0	4
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5	0	0	1	1
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	2	0	0	2
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
snurportin-1	1	0	0	1
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	2	0	0	2
Beta-galactosidase	0	1	0	1
Lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase 1	0	1	0	1
PA-I galactophilic lectin	0	0	1	1
Jacalin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein	0	0	1	1
15-lipoxygenase, partial	1	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	4	0	0	4
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	2	0	0	2
Neutral amino acid transporter A	0	1	0	1
Asc-type amino acid transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative	0	0	0	2
Amino acid transporter	0	1	0	1
Chain A, 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase	0	1	0	1
Glutamine synthetase	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 71B1	0	1	0	2
Glutamine synthetase	0	1	0	1
2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphooctonate aldolase	0	1	0	1
interleukin 8	2	0	0	2
ClpP	1	0	0	1
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease	1	0	0	1
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	4	0	0	4
EWS/FLI fusion protein	5	0	0	5
caspase-3	1	0	0	1
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	6	0	0	6
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	3	0	0	3
ras-related protein Rab-9A	1	0	0	1
M-phase phosphoprotein 8	2	0	0	2
lamin isoform A-delta10	7	0	0	7
Cellular tumor antigen p53	1	0	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1A1	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	1	0	1
Myeloperoxidase	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2C11	0	1	0	1
Aromatase	0	1	0	1
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	0	2	0	2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Acetylcholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Nociceptin receptor	0	1	0	1
Melatonin receptor type 1A	0	5	2	7
Melatonin receptor type 1C	0	0	1	1
Melatonin receptor type 1A	0	2	2	4
Melatonin receptor type 1B	0	5	2	7
Melatonin receptor type 1C	0	2	2	4
Melatonin receptor type 1B	0	2	2	4
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	0	0	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1B1	0	1	0	1
Carboxylic ester hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	0	1	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	0	1	0	1
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter	0	1	0	1
Trace amine-associated receptor 1	0	0	1	1
Trace amine-associated receptor 1	0	0	1	1
Trace amine-associated receptor 1	0	0	1	1
Trace amine-associated receptor 1	0	0	1	1
thioredoxin glutathione reductase	2	0	0	2
D(4) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	3	1	4
Transporter	0	2	0	2
Transporter	0	4	1	6
Chain B, Exotoxin A	0	0	1	1
Chain B, Exotoxin A	0	0	1	1
Chain B, Exotoxin A	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E	0	1	0	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	2	0	0	2
Microtubule-associated protein tau	4	0	0	4
Smad3	2	0	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	0	2	1	3
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B	0	1	0	1
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	0	2	1	3
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	0	2	1	3
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta	0	2	1	3
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma	0	2	1	3
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta	0	2	1	3
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	2	5
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma	0	2	1	3
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	0	1	0	1
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta	0	2	1	3
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	2	5
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3	0	2	2	5
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4	0	2	2	5
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	0	2	1	3
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5	0	2	2	5
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-like 2	0	2	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5	0	0	1	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4	0	2	1	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	1	3
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	0	2	2	4
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6	0	2	2	5
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9	0	2	2	5
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	0	2	1	3
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	0	2	0	2
Acetylcholine-binding protein	0	1	1	2
Inositol monophosphatase 1	1	0	0	1
Acetylcholine receptor subunit epsilon	0	0	1	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3	0	1	1	2
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta	0	2	1	3
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	2	0	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6	0	1	1	2
Cytochrome P450 2A13	0	1	1	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5	0	2	0	2
Liver carboxylesterase B-1	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D	0	1	0	1
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	0	0	1	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3	0	2	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4	0	2	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	0	2
Soluble acetylcholine receptor	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	0	2	1	3
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10	0	2	2	5
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6	0	2	0	2
Integrin beta	0	0	1	1
Glycoprotein IIb	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Cruzipain	1	0	0	1
glp-1 receptor, partial	2	0	0	2
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	1	0	0	1
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	1	0	2
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase	0	1	0	1
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	2	0	0	2
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	2	0	0	2
Albumin	0	0	2	2
Translocator protein	0	2	0	2
Spike glycoprotein	3	0	0	3
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	2	0	0	2
acetylcholinesterase	2	0	0	2
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	2	0	0	2
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	2	0	0	2
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3	1	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	1	2	3
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
D	0	1	0	1
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	0	0	1	1
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Histamine H1 receptor	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase	0	1	0	1
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	1	0	1
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2	0	1	0	1
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1	0	1	2	3
Oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2	0	1	0	1
activating transcription factor 6	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	3	2	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	3	1	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	0	3	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	0	3	2	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	3	1	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	3	1	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	0	3	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	0	1	0	1
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	1	0	0	1
Luciferase	3	0	0	3
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	2	0	0	2
Bile salt export pump	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2J2	0	1	0	1
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	1	0	0	1
Cholecystokinin receptor type A	0	1	0	1
Cholecystokinin receptor type A	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein	0	0	1	1
Chain K, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein	0	0	1	1
Chain B, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase	0	0	1	1
Chain C, Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase II	0	0	1	1
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	1	0	0	1
Dihydrofolate reductase	0	2	0	2
Plasma kallikrein	0	0	0	1
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme	0	1	0	1
Stromelysin-1	0	1	0	1
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase	0	1	0	1
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	0	1	0	2
Substance-P receptor	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	0	0	1
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	0	1	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	0	0	1
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	0	1	0	1
SLC16A10 protein	0	0	0	1
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	0	1	0	1
Tryprostatin B synthase	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	0	0	1
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase	0	0	1	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	0	0	1
Monocarboxylate transporter 10	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	0	0	1
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein	0	1	0	1
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1	0	1	0	1
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	1	0	0	1
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Synonyms(4)

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Research

Studies (203)

Protein Targets (579)

Jet Lag

Synonyms(4)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Context

Actions

Treatment

Research

Studies (203)

Drugs Studied (63)

Protein Targets (579)