penconazole profile

Penconazole is a triazole fungicide that is widely used to control a variety of fungal diseases in a variety of crops, including fruits, vegetables, and cereals. It is effective against a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens, including powdery mildew, rust, and leaf spot diseases. Penconazole works by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. This disruption of fungal cell membrane integrity leads to cell death and prevents the spread of fungal infection. Penconazole is applied to crops as a foliar spray, and it is also available as a seed treatment. It is absorbed by the plant and translocated throughout the plant tissue, providing protection against fungal infections. Penconazole has been shown to be effective in controlling a variety of fungal diseases in a variety of crops, and it is considered to be a safe and effective fungicide. Penconazole is synthesized from the reaction of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one with 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-methanol. Penconazole is studied because it is an important fungicide for controlling fungal diseases in crops, and because it is a potent inhibitor of fungal growth.'

penconazole: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

penconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole. A fungicide used to control powdery mildew, scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole : A member of the classof triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	91693
CHEMBL ID	481474
CHEBI ID	83993
CHEBI ID	81970
SCHEMBL ID	24791
MeSH ID	M0230655

Synonym
AC-12494
NCGC00166157-01
penconazole
topaze
cga 71818
1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole
penconazole [bsi:iso]
topaze c
onmex
einecs 266-275-6
1h-1,2,4-triazole, 1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl)-
brn 0541488
1-(2,4-dichloro-beta-propylphenethyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole
66246-88-6
topas
CHEMBL481474
chebi:83993 ,
1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]-1,2,4-triazole
C18801
award
topaz
dtxsid8042260 ,
cas-66246-88-6
dtxcid6022260
tox21_301318
NCGC00255892-01
unii-3un9f9zj43
3un9f9zj43 ,
5-26-01-00149 (beilstein handbook reference)
penconazol
FT-0630762
AKOS015906183
1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole, (+/-)-
topaz [inci]
cga-71818
penconazole [mi]
penconazole [iso]
(rs)-1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-n-pentyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole
1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]-1h-1,2,4-triazole
1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole
SCHEMBL24791
1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-pentyl]-1h-1,2,4-triazole
1h-1,2,4-triazole, 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]-
topas 100
(+-)-penconazole
penconazol, pestanal(r), analytical standard
penconazole 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
penconazole 10 microg/ml in cyclohexane
1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-n-pentyl]-1h-1,2,4-triazole
E76108
mfcd00078737
Q2426626
AS-14842
CS-0113947
HY-135761
rac-1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole
gold topaz
chebi:81970
gold topaz8121
rac-penconazole
(rs)-penconazole
racemic penconazole

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Penconazole (PEN) is a typical systemic triazole fungicide with cardiac toxic effects. "	( Resveratrol ameliorates penconazole-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis in zebrafish larvae. Hu, J; Jiang, X; Liu, J; Sun, X; Wang, J; Zhou, W; Zhu, H, 2023)	2.66
"Penconazole is a widely used chiral triazole bactericide that may adversely affect the environment. "	( Developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of penconazole enantiomers exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Jia, M; Li, R; Meng, Z; Teng, M; Tian, S; Yan, J; Yan, S; Zhou, Z; Zhu, W, 2020)	2.26
"Penconazole (PEN) is a widely used systemic fungicide to treat various fungal diseases in plants but it leaves residues in crops and food products causing serious environmental and health problems. "	( The ameliorative effect of N-acetylcysteine against penconazole induced neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders in rats. Al Dulmani, SA; Al-Zahrani, FAM; Galal, MK; Hassanen, EI; Hussien, AM; Ibrahim, MA; Kamel, S; Morgan, AM; Ogaly, HA; Rashad, MM, 2021)	2.31
"Penconazole is a widely used fungicide that is toxic to a variety of organisms including fish. "	( Developmental toxicity of penconazole in Zebrfish (Danio rerio) embryos. Ciltas, A; Icoglu Aksakal, F, 2018)	2.22
"Penconazole (PEN) is a fungicide used in agriculture. "	( Assessment of penconazole exposure in winegrowers using urinary biomarkers. Colosio, C; Fustinoni, S; Mandic-Rajcevic, S; Mercadante, R; Moretto, A; Polledri, E; Rubino, FM; Vaiani, A, 2019)	2.32
"Penconazole is a systemic triazole fungicide mainly used on grapes. "	( Cancer-related genes transcriptionally induced by the fungicide penconazole. Colacci, A; Guerrini, A; Mascolo, MG; Morandi, E; Perdichizzi, S; Prete, L; Rotondo, F; Silingardi, P; Vaccari, M, 2014)	2.08
"Penconazole is a typical triazole fungicide, which is commonly used to control powdery mildew in vineyard and vegetable field. "	( Enantioselective analysis and dissipation of triazole fungicide penconazole in vegetables by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Li, Z; Qi, P; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Xu, H; Zhang, H, 2014)	2.08
"Penconazole (PEN) is a fungicide used in agriculture that has been classified as hazardous to humans and the environment. "	( Identification of Metabolites of the Fungicide Penconazole in Human Urine. Fustinoni, S; Mercadante, R; Moretto, A; Polledri, E; Scurati, S, 2016)	2.13
"Penconazole is a systemic fungicide commonly used in agriculture as the commercial preparation Topas. "	( Acute exposure to the penconazole-containing fungicide Topas partially augments antioxidant potential in goldfish tissues. Husak, VV; Lushchak, VI; Mosiichuk, NM; Storey, JM; Storey, KB, 2017)	2.21

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Penconazole is a widely used fungicide that is toxic to a variety of organisms including fish."	( Developmental toxicity of penconazole in Zebrfish (Danio rerio) embryos. Ciltas, A; Icoglu Aksakal, F, 2018)	2.22
"As an agricultural fungicide, penconazole (PEN) is widely used and has adverse effects on various organisms."	( Bioaccumulation and toxic effects of penconazole in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) following soil exposure. Jia, M; Li, R; Meng, Z; Sun, W; Tian, S; Wu, R; Yan, S; Zhou, Z; Zhu, W, 2020)	1.12
" The results showed that penconazole exposure caused adverse effects on zebrafish embryos, such as autonomous motor abnormalities, heart rate slowing, and increased deformity, resulting in significant developmental toxicity."	( Developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of penconazole enantiomers exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Jia, M; Li, R; Meng, Z; Teng, M; Tian, S; Yan, J; Yan, S; Zhou, Z; Zhu, W, 2020)	1.12
"Penconazole (PEN) is a typical systemic triazole fungicide with cardiac toxic effects."	( Resveratrol ameliorates penconazole-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis in zebrafish larvae. Hu, J; Jiang, X; Liu, J; Sun, X; Wang, J; Zhou, W; Zhu, H, 2023)	2.66

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"This study investigated the effects of sugarcane bagasse compost (SBC) and chicken manure compost (CMC) on the sorption-desorption, leaching and bioavailability of the fungicide penconazole in soil in a laboratory setting."	( Effects of two different organic amendments addition to soil on sorption-desorption, leaching, bioavailability of penconazole and the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Jia, LX; Jiang, L; Lin, JL; Lin, Y; Liu, Y; Pan, B; Yang, Y, 2016)	0.84

Class	Description
dichlorobenzene	Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.
triazoles	An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	45.5011	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.2588	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.8106	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247; AID743035; AID743042; AID743054; AID743063
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	30.6379	0.0006	57.9133	22,387.1992	AID1259378
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.9934	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224839; AID1224893
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.3312	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346795
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	48.9662	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720692
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	67.2985	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.9342	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	30.6379	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	54.9410	0.3758	27.4851	61.6524	AID743217
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	24.3365	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.8000	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID1259244; AID1259248; AID743069; AID743075; AID743078; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	61.6448	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID743191
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.1972	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	67.2985	0.0016	28.0151	77.1139	AID1259385; AID1259395
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.1533	0.0578	21.1097	61.2679	AID1159526; AID1159528
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	59.9798	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743067
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.5456	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID743202; AID743219
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	54.4827	0.0015	57.7890	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	69.9313	0.0023	19.5956	74.0614	AID651631; AID720552
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	54.4827	0.0015	51.7393	15,848.9004	AID1259244
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.2771	0.0119	17.9420	71.5630	AID651632
Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.2771	0.0119	12.2221	68.7989	AID651632
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replication	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-ray	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
viral process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behavior	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-C	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin D	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processing	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferation	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear DNA replication	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction in response to DNA damage	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
isotype switching	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloading	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor internalization	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translation	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic process	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assembly	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assembly	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transport	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloader activity	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nuclear body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand break	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
Elg1 RFC-like complex	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complex	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (43)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1111070	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate BRE in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID340954	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340963	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90112 by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1111056	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate SAG in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111068	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate DAR1 in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111065	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate GUI in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111061	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate MAR in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111064	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate HOR in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111055	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate SIL in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID340956	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1111060	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate MEG in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111058	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate PAJ in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID340950	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolates from HIV infected patient during fluconazole therapy by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1111066	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate DOU in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID340955	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei isolates from grapes and feeding stuffs by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1111074	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate ABA in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111054	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate SOC in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID340965	Antifungal activity against sKloeckera apiculata isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID341133	Antifungal activity against sSaccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1111051	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate VIR in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111059	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate MEP in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111067	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate DAR18 in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111052	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate SOU in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID340966	Antifungal activity against Rhodotorula sp. isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1111071	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate BRA in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111062	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate LI1 in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111063	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate LBP in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111073	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate AVI in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID340962	Antifungal activity against sCandida stellata isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1111072	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate ART in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID1111069	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate CAM in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID340949	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolates from HIV infected patient before fluconazole therapy by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340961	Antifungal activity against Candida albidus isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340952	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolates by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID1111057	Antifungal activity against Podosphaera aphanis isolate PES in Darselect leaf disks after 8 days	2010	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1	Sensitivity of Podosphaera aphanis isolates to DMI fungicides: distribution and reduced cross-sensitivity.
AID340957	Antifungal activity against Candida lambica isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340951	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolates from animals by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340953	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolates from feeding stuffs by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID341134	Antifungal activity against Saccharomycopsis guttulata isolates from feeding stuff by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340960	Antifungal activity against Candida rugosa isolates from feeding stuff by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340958	Antifungal activity against Candida norvegensis isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340959	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22013 by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
AID340964	Antifungal activity against Pichia anomala isolates from grapes by NCCLS M27-A2 method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cross-resistance to medical and agricultural azole drugs in yeasts from the oropharynx of human immunodeficiency virus patients and from environmental Bavarian vine grapes.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (4.23)	18.2507
2000's	17 (23.94)	29.6817
2010's	35 (49.30)	24.3611
2020's	16 (22.54)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (1.41%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (1.41%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	69 (97.18%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.07	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.17	1	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.97	4	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	2.48	2	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.41	2	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
itraconazole [no description available]	2.03	1	piperazines
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.03	1	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	1.99	1	diarylmethane
triclosan [no description available]	7.05	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	3.64	9	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2	1	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
systhane systhane: structure in first source. 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)hexanenitrile : A nitrile that is hexanenitrile substituted at the 2-position by p-chlorophenyl and (1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups.	3	4	monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; triazoles
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.25	1	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.	2.06	1	organic cation	defoliant; herbicide
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.08	1	pyrrole; secondary amine
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	2.06	1	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2	1	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.06	1	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.06	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.63	2	dialdehyde	biomarker
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	7.31	1	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
chlormequat Chlormequat: A plant growth regulator that is commonly used on ornamental plants.. chlormequat : A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants.	2.06	1	quaternary ammonium ion	plant growth retardant
dichlofluanid dichlofluanid: structure. dichlofluanid : A member of the class of sulfamides that is sulfamide in which the hydrogens attached to one of the nitrogens are replaced by methyl groups, while those attached to the other nitrogen are replaced by a phenyl and a [dichloro(fluoro)methyl]sulfanediyl group. A fungicide introduced in 1965 and used in the cultivation of fruit and vegetables, as well as in wood preservatives, it is no longer approved for use in the European Union.	2.42	2	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylsulfamide fungicide; sulfamides	acaricide; antifungal agrochemical
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.17	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
dihexadecyldimethylammonium chloride dihexadecyldimethylammonium: RN given refers to chloride	2.04	1
benomyl [no description available]	2	1	aromatic amide; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	acaricide; anthelminthic drug; antifungal agrochemical; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
iprodione iprodione : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.	2.06	1	benzenes; dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; nematicide
profenofos [no description available]	7.05	1	monochlorobenzenes; organic thiophosphate; organochlorine insecticide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
triadimefon 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	2.53	2	aromatic ether; hemiaminal ether; ketone; monochlorobenzenes; triazoles
vinclozolin vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.	7	1	dicarboximide; dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; oxazolidinone
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.52	2	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
triadimenol triadimenol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group. A fungicide for cereals, beet and brassicas used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, rusts, bunts and smuts.	2.03	1	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; triazole fungicide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic metabolite
metalaxyl metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.	3.64	9	alanine derivative; aromatic amide; carboxamide; ether; methyl ester
fenarimol fenarimol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenarimol. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the treatment of blackspot, mildew and rust in tomatoes, peppers and melons, but is not approved for use within the European Union.. (2-chlorophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-chlorophenyl group while the other is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	7	1	monochlorobenzenes; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	2.48	2	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	2.1	1	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
hexaconazole 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexan-2-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hexyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in which the hydrogens at position 2 of the hexyl chain are replaced by hydroxy and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups.. hexaconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-hexaconazole. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the 1980s, it is not approved for use within the European Union.	3	4	dichlorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazoles	chelator
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	7.67	70	1,2,3-triazole
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.46	2	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
flusilazole flusilazole: structure given in first source. flusilazole : An organosilicon compound that is dimethylsilane in which the hydrogens attached to the silicon are replaced by p-fluorophenyl groups and a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups is replaced by a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group. It is a broad-sepctrum fungicide used to protect a variety of crops.	2.11	1	conazole fungicide; monofluorobenzenes; organosilicon compound; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tetraconazole tetraconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-tetraconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of fungal infections including powdery mildew, rusts, bunt, loose smut and scab.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl]1,2,4-triazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl group.	2.06	1	dichlorobenzene; ether; organofluorine compound; triazoles
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	3.38	6	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
cyproconazole cyproconazole: inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. cyproconazole : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of the enantiomeric pair (2R,3S)- and (2S,3R)-cyproconazole in ratio 1:1 with the enantiomeric pair (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-cyproconazole. A broad spectrum fungicide, it is used on cereals and other field crops used to control Septoria, rust, powdery mildew and other diseases.. 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-2-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group at position 2, a cyclopropyl group at position 3 and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group at position 1.	2.11	1	cyclopropanes; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)butanenitrile fenbuconazole: fenbuconazole is a formulant in the fungicide Enable; structure in first source. fenbuconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenbuconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, black rot and scab.. 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)butanenitrile : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-chloro-4-(3-phenylpropyl)benzene substituted at position 3 of the propyl moiety by cyano and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups.	2.06	1	monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; triazoles
cyprodinil cyprodinil: structure in first source. cyprodinil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees.	2.07	1	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; cyclopropanes; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fludioxonil fludioxonil: structure in first source. fludioxonil : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole substituted at position 4 by a 3-cyanopyrrol-4-yl group. A fungicide seed treatment for control of a range of diseases including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria.	2.08	1	benzodioxoles; nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyrroles	androgen antagonist; antifungal agrochemical; estrogen receptor agonist
fluquinconazole fluquinconazole: a component of the pesticide Vision 250 SC. fluquinconazole : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 6-fluoroquinazolin-4-one carrying additional 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl substituents at positions 2 and 3 respectively. A fungicide used to control Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Basidiomycetes spp. on cereals, beets and fruit.	2.03	1	conazole fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organofluorine compound; quinazolines; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
pyrimethanil pyrimethanil: structure in first source. pyrimethanil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying two additional methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6. A fungicide used to control grey mould on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals as well as leaf scab on pome fruit. Also commonly employed to control Botrytis cinerea throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine.	2.05	1	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bitertanol bitertanol: a triazole fungicide; structure given in first source. bitertanol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of the enantiomeric pair (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-bitertanol in a 4:1 ratio with the enantiomeric pair (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-bitertanol. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including scab, powder mildew, rusts and blackspot. It is moderately toxic to most animal and insect species but is non-toxic to honeybees.. 1-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O-1 by a biphenyl-4-yl group.	2.15	1	aromatic ether; biphenyls; secondary alcohol; triazoles
flutriafol flutriafol: fungicide; structure in first source. flutriafol : A racemate comprising an equimolar mixture of (R)- and (S)-flutriafol. A systemic fungicide, it is used to control fungal diseases in cereal crops.. 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol : A tertiary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by an p-fluorophenyl group, the other hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, and one of the hydrogens at position 2 is replaced by a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group.	2.06	1	monofluorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	7.6	1	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
posaconazole [no description available]	2.1	1	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.17	1
thiophanate Thiophanate: Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.. thiophanate : A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	2.06	1	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal drug
azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.	2.08	1	aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic
epoxiconazole epoxiconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (2S,3R)- and (2R,3S)-epoxiconazole. A broad-spectrum fungicide for control of diseases caused by Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Epoxiconazole is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.. 1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups.	2.49	2	epoxide; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; triazoles
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	7.1	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
2-cyano-n-((ethylamino)carbonyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide 2-cyano-N-((ethylamino)carbonyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2	1
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.17	1	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	7.13	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
uniconazole uniconazole: structural analog of diniconazole; RN refers to ((E)-(+-))-isomer; structure given in first source. uniconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of uniconazole-P and its enantiomer, (R)-uniconazole.. (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at position 1 by a 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-2-yl group.	2.15	1	monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; triazoles
diniconazole diniconazole: structure given in first source. diniconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-diniconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including mildew, bunts and smuts.. (1E)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol substituted at position 1 by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.	7.49	2	dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; secondary alcohol; triazoles
cyazofamid cyazofamid: a fungicide; structure in first source. cyazofamid : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying dimethylsulfamyl, cyano, chloro and 4-tolyl substituents at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively. A fungicide used mainly for controlling Oomycete and Plasmodiophora diseases on potatoes and tomatoes. It is a skin and eye irritant and is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms.	2.06	1	imidazole fungicide; imidazoles; nitrile; organochlorine compound; sulfamides; sulfonamide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor
emamectin benzoate emamectin benzoate: 4'-deoxy-4'-epi-methylamino derivative of avermectin B1; structure given in first source. emamectin : A mixture of emamectin B1a (major component) and emamectin B1b (minor component).	2.21	1	emamectins
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.53	2
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.17	1	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
glycolipids [no description available]	2.25	1
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	2.74	3
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.79	3
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	7.82	3	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	2.03	1
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	2.03	1
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	2.03	1
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.03	1
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	2.03	1
Teratogenesis The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.	2.41	1
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.63	2
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	2.63	2
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.25	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.25	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.66	2
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.31	1
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.31	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.17	1
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.17	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.45	2
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.1	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	2.1	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.1	1
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	2.1	1
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.11	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.08	1
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.08	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.08	1

penconazole

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (62)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Toxicity

Bioavailability

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (24)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (141)

Molecular Functions (40)

Ceullar Components (27)

Bioassays (43)

Research

Studies (71)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 40.77

Study Types

penconazole

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (62)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Toxicity

Bioavailability

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (24)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (141)

Molecular Functions (40)

Ceullar Components (27)

Bioassays (43)

Research

Studies (71)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 40.77

Study Types

Related Drugs (70)

Related Conditions (24)