colibactin profile

colibactin: a hybrid peptide-polyketide secreted by E coli [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

colibactin : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles that comprises of two units of 2-[(2-{6-[(2S)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl]-5-oxo-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-6-en-7-yl}acetamido)methyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid linked together via the formal condensation of the carboxy groups. It is a secondary metabolite produced by certain strains of bacteria found in the human gut such as Escherichia coli. It has the ability to bind covalently to DNA and is strongly associated with colorectal cancer. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	138805674
CHEBI ID	156303
MeSH ID	M0570279

Synonym
CHEBI:156303
colibactin
2-{6-[(2s)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-5-yl]-5-oxo-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-6-en-7-yl}-n-({4-[{4-[(2-{6-[(2s)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-5-yl]-5-oxo-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-6-en-7-yl}acetamido)acetyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}(oxo)acetyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}methyl)ac
Q66363675
HY-145930
CS-0435576
DTXSID501336855
n-(2-(2-(2-(2-((2-(6-((s)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-5-yl)-5-oxo-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-6-en-7-yl)acetamido)methyl)thiazol-4-yl)-2-oxoacetyl)thiazol-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-2-(6-((s)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-5-yl)-5-oxo-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-6-en-7-yl)acet
2828423-98-7

Excerpt	Reference
"Colibactin is a genotoxin produced primarily by "	( Tackling the Threat of Cancer Due to Pathobionts Producing Colibactin: Is Mesalamine the Magic Bullet? Branchu, P; Nougayrède, JP; Oswald, E; Tang-Fichaux, M, 2021)
"Colibactin is a chemically unstable small-molecule genotoxin that is produced by several different bacteria, including members of the human gut microbiome"	( The bacterial toxin colibactin triggers prophage induction. Balskus, EP; Baym, M; Owen, SV; Silpe, JE; Wong, JWH, 2022)
"Colibactin is a genotoxic natural product produced by select commensal bacteria in the human gut microbiota. "	( Structural basis of the amidase ClbL central to the biosynthesis of the genotoxin colibactin. Bruner, SD; Guntaka, NS; Mousa, JJ; Tripathi, P, 2023)
"Colibactin is a complex secondary metabolite produced by some genotoxic gut "	( Structure elucidation of colibactin and its DNA cross-links. Crawford, JM; Frischling, MC; Healy, AR; Herzon, SB; Kim, CS; Shine, EE; Wang, W; Wang, Z; Wernke, KM; Xue, M, 2019)
"Colibactin is an assumed human gut bacterial genotoxin, whose biosynthesis is linked to the clb genomic island that has a widespread distribution in pathogenic and commensal human enterobacteria. "	( Macrocyclic colibactin induces DNA double-strand breaks via copper-mediated oxidative cleavage. Cai, W; Lai, JYH; Li, J; Li, ZR; McKinnie, SMK; Moore, BS; Qian, PY; Zhang, W; Zhang, WP, 2019)
"Colibactin is a virulence factor and a putative pro-carcinogenic compound."	( Deciphering the interplay between the genotoxic and probiotic activities of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. Bossuet-Greif, N; Boury, M; Branchu, P; Chagneau, CV; Dubois, D; Gaillard, D; Martin, P; Massip, C; Nougayrède, JP; Oswald, E; Sécher, T, 2019)
"Colibactin is a polyketide/nonribosomal peptide produced by "	( The Polyamine Spermidine Modulates the Production of the Bacterial Genotoxin Colibactin. Bossuet-Greif, N; Brachmann, AO; Chagneau, CV; Garcie, C; Martin, P; Nougayrède, JP; Oswald, E; Piel, J; Tronnet, S, 2019)
"Colibactin is a genotoxic gut microbiome metabolite long suspected of playing an etiological role in colorectal cancer. "	( Depurination of Colibactin-Derived Interstrand Cross-Links. Herzon, SB; Wernke, KM; Xue, M, 2020)
"Colibactin is a genotoxic molecule, produced primarily by Escherichia coli. "	( Carriage of Colibactin-producing Bacteria and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Dotan, I; Dubinsky, V; Gophna, U, 2020)
"Colibactin is a secondary metabolite produced by certain strains of bacteria found in the human gut. "	( Structure and bioactivity of colibactin. Crawford, JM; Herzon, SB; Kim, CS; Tirla, A; Wernke, KM; Xue, M, 2020)
"Colibactin is a genotoxin that induces DNA double-strand breaks that may lead to carcinogenesis and is produced by Escherichia coli strains harboring the pks island. "	( Oligosaccharides increase the genotoxic effect of colibactin produced by pks+ Escherichia coli strains. Calvé, A; Cuisiniere, T; Dobrindt, U; Fragoso, G; Hajjar, R; Oliero, M; Santos, MM, 2021)
"Colibactin is a polyketide-nonribosomal peptide hybrid secondary metabolite that can form interstrand cross-links in double-stranded DNA. "	( Isolation of New Colibactin Metabolites from Wild-Type Goda, Y; Hirayama, Y; Ishikawa, H; Iwashita, Y; Miyoshi, N; Mutoh, M; Sato, M; Sugimura, H; Suzuki, N; Tanaka, S; Tsunematsu, Y; Uchiyama, N; Wakabayashi, K; Watanabe, K; Yoshikawa, Y; Zhou, T, 2021)
"Colibactin is a secondary metabolite encoded by the "	( Shining a Light on Colibactin Biology. Dougherty, MW; Jobin, C, 2021)
"Colibactin is a genotoxic hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptide that drives colorectal cancer initiation. "	( Crawford, JM; Kim, CS; Moon, G; Shine, EE; Turocy, T, 2021)
"Colibactin is a complex secondary metabolite that leads to genotoxicity that interferes with the eukaryotic cell cycle. "	( Chen, Y; Cui, L; Dong, J; Gao, Q; Li, J; Meng, X; Wang, H; Wang, P; Xia, P; Zhang, J; Zhong, H; Zhu, G, 2021)
"Colibactin is a genotoxic hybrid nonribosomal peptide/polyketide secondary metabolite produced by various pathogenic and probiotic bacteria residing in the human gut. "	( Structure and Functional Analysis of ClbQ, an Unusual Intermediate-Releasing Thioesterase from the Colibactin Biosynthetic Pathway. Bruner, SD; Crawford, JM; Guntaka, NS; Healy, AR; Herzon, SB, 2017)
"Colibactin is a nonribosomal peptide or polyketide-nonribosomal peptide hybrid of still unsolved structure, which induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in eukaryotic cells."	( An adherent mucus layer attenuates the genotoxic effect of colibactin. Alzheimer, M; Oelschlaeger, TA; Reuter, C; Walles, H, 2018)
"Colibactin is a small molecule produced by certain bacterial species of the human microbiota that harbour the pks genomic island. "	( Photoactivated Colibactin Probes Induce Cellular DNA Damage. Albers, MF; Hedberg, C; Hubert, M; Lundmark, R; Moodie, LWK; Wanrooij, S; Zhou, X, 2019)
"Colibactin is a nonribosomal peptide-polyketide synthesized by multi-enzyme complexes encoded by the pks gene cluster. "	( Genotoxic Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan. Chen, YT; Chiang, MK; Dai, YH; Hsu, CC; Lai, YC; Liau, CY; Lin, AC; Lu, MC, 2014)
"Colibactin is a structurally uncharacterized, genotoxic natural product produced by commensal and pathogenic strains of E. "	( Isolation of a metabolite from the pks island provides insights into colibactin biosynthesis and activity. Balskus, EP; Brotherton, CA; Byrd, G; Wilson, M, 2015)
"Colibactin is a potent genotoxin that induces DNA double-strand breaks; it is produced by Escherichia coli strains harboring a pks+ island. "	( Critical Intermediates Reveal New Biosynthetic Events in the Enigmatic Colibactin Pathway. Lai, JY; Li, Y; Li, ZR; Lu, L; Qian, PY; Tang, J; Wang, B; Wu, X; Xu, Y; Zhu, G, 2015)
"Colibactin is a genotoxin that contributes to the virulence of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli and promotes colorectal cancer."	( Escherichia coli ClbS is a colibactin resistance protein. Bonnet, R; Bossuet-Greif, N; Dubois, D; Martin, P; Nougayrède, JP; Oswald, E; Petit, C; Tronnet, S, 2016)
"Colibactin is a human gut bacterial genotoxin of unknown structure that has been linked to colon cancer. "	( Characterization of Polyketide Synthase Machinery from the pks Island Facilitates Isolation of a Candidate Precolibactin. Balskus, EP; Brotherton, CA; Wilson, MR; Zha, L, 2016)
"Colibactin is a secondary metabolite, a hybrid polyketide/nonribosomal peptide compound synthesized by a complex biosynthetic machinery."	( The Enterobacterial Genotoxins: Cytolethal Distending Toxin and Colibactin. Nougayrède, JP; Oswald, E; Petit, C; Taieb, F, 2016)
"Colibactin is an as-yet-uncharacterized genotoxic secondary metabolite produced by human gut bacteria. "	( Divergent biosynthesis yields a cytotoxic aminomalonate-containing precolibactin. Duggan, BM; Gu, JP; Lai, JY; Li, J; Li, YX; Li, ZL; Li, ZR; Lin, DH; Moore, BS; Qian, PY; Tong, RB; Xu, Y; Zhang, WP, 2016)

Excerpt	Reference
"Colibactin has been shown to form interstrand cross-links by alkylation of adenine residues on opposing strands of DNA."	( Structure and bioactivity of colibactin. Crawford, JM; Herzon, SB; Kim, CS; Tirla, A; Wernke, KM; Xue, M, 2020)

Excerpt	Reference
" Furthermore, 1:1 mixed dosing of wild type and Δpks EcN in preclinical mouse and nonhuman primate models demonstrated no competitive disadvantage for the Δpks strain with regards to transit time or colonization."	( Robust performance of a live bacterial therapeutic chassis lacking the colibactin gene cluster. Hava, DL; Isabella, VM; James, MJ; Kalantari, A; McDonald, MN; Monahan, CE; Perreault, M; Renaud, LA, 2023)

Role	Description
alkylating agent	Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
genotoxin	A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells.
carcinogenic agent	A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
1,3-thiazoles
polyketide	Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides.
pyrroline	Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.
secondary carboxamide	A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a primary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1).
azaspiro compound	An azaspiro compound is a spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is a nitrogen heterocyle.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	1 (0.68)	29.6817
2010's	83 (56.85)	24.3611
2020's	62 (42.47)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (0.66%)	5.53%
Reviews	23 (15.23%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	127 (84.11%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.15	1	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	3.7	1	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
spermidine [no description available]	7.21	1	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	2.13	1	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	3.7	1	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	8.41	1	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	3.1	4	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.07	1	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	3.27	1	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiazoles [no description available]	2.81	3	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	2.15	1
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.41	1	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
pyoluteorin pyoluteorin: from Pseudomonas fluorescens; protects various plants from diseases caused by soilborne pathogenic fungi. pyoluteorin : A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 4,5-dichloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group. It is a natural product found in Pseudomonas fluorescens which exhibits antibacterial properties and is a strong inducer of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.	3.27	1	aromatic ketone; beta-hydroxy ketone; diol; organochlorine compound; organochlorine pesticide; polyketide; pyrroles; resorcinols	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
enterobactin [no description available]	4.31	5	catechols; crown compound; macrotriolide; polyphenol	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	2.15	1	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
aminomalonic acid aminomalonic acid: aspartase-ammonia ligase inhibitor. aminomalonic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by an amino group.	2.13	1	amino dicarboxylic acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
aerobactin [no description available]	2.03	1	L-lysine derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; siderophore; virulence factor
n',n''-diacetylspermine N',N''-diacetylspermine: intermediate in polyamine catabolism	2.13	1	acetamides
yersiniabactin yersiniabactin: from clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica; an iron-chelating virulence factor of Yersinia pestis; yersiniabactin is a thiazole phenol analog of pyochelin; biosynthesized from salicylate, cysteine and malonyl CoA. yersiniabactin : A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4S)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (1S)-1-hydroxy-1-{(4R)-2-[(4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-yl group. A siderophore found in the gram-negative bacterium species, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis.	3.06	4	monocarboxylic acid; phenols; secondary alcohol; thiazolidines	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.11	1	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.	2.03	1	hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	2.15	1	alkali metal atom
vicenistatin vicenistatin: a macrocyclic lactam from Streptomyces sp. HC34; structure given in first source	3.27	1	azamacrocycle; lactam
glidobactin a glidobactin A: structure given in first source; isolated from polyangium brachysporum & Pseudomonas	2.21	1
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	7.55	2	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
zwittermicin a zwittermicin A: isolated from Bacillus cereus; structure in first source. (+)-zwittermicin A : The (+)-enantiomer of zwittermicin A. It is a water-soluble natural antibiotic from the fermentation of the soil-borne bacterium Bacillus cereus and shows significant activity against phytopathogenic fungi.	3.27	1	4,8-diamino-N-[1-amino-3-(carbamoylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-2,3,5,7,9-pentahydroxynonanamide; peptide antibiotic	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	2.03	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.44	6	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	8.89	30	4
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	8.89	30	4
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	2.31	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.31	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	7.45	27	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	7.45	27	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	5.21	5	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	5.21	5	0
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.	2.41	1	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	5.3	10	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	5.9	4	4
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	5.9	4	4
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.6	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.6	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	3.06	4	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	2.87	3	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	2.87	3	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	8.06	4	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	4.11	13	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	4.11	13	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	2.21	1	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.21	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.21	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	2.93	3	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.25	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.	2.61	2	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.57	2	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.25	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.25	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	3.51	2	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.31	1	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	3.51	2	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.31	1	0
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.	2.31	1	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	2.31	1	0
Intestinal Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	2.15	1	0
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	3.09	1	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	3.09	1	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	2.17	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.17	1	0
Bacterial Meningitides [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.	2.17	1	0
Liver Abscess, Pyogenic Single or multiple areas of PUS due to bacterial infection within the hepatic parenchyma. It can be caused by a variety of BACTERIA, local or disseminated from infections elsewhere such as in APPENDICITIS; CHOLECYSTITIS; PERITONITIS; and after LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.	2.53	2	0
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	7.1	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Escherichia coli Meningitis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	3.88	2	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.98	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.98	1	0

colibactin

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Synonyms (9)

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Roles (4)

Drug Classes (5)

Research

Studies (146)

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