Page last updated: 2024-12-08

pinoxaden

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

pinoxaden: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

pinoxaden : A pyrazolooxadiazepine that is 7-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7H-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin which is substituted at positions 8 and 9 by 2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl and pivaloyloxy groups, respectively. A pro-herbicide (by hydrolysis of the pivalate ester to give the corresponding enol), it is used for control of grass weeds in cereal crops. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	210326
CHEMBL ID	1866631
CHEBI ID	83524
SCHEMBL ID	64416
MeSH ID	M0537917

Synonyms (35)

Synonym
243973-20-8
NCGC00163860-01
pinoxaden
[8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid [8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl] ester
A845290
[8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methyl-phenyl)-7-oxidanylidene-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
hsdb 7884
u55glf9lv9 ,
unii-u55glf9lv9
8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7h-pyrazolo(1,2-d)(1,4,5)oxadiazepin-9-yl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
pinoxaden [iso]
propanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7h-pyrazolo(1,2-d)(1,4,5)oxadiazepin-9-yl ester
SCHEMBL64416
CHEMBL1866631
chebi:83524 ,
pinoxaden [mi]
8-(2,6-diethyl-p-tolyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7h-pyrazolo(1,2-d)(1,4,5)oxadiazepin-9-yl 2,2-dimethylpropionate
8-(2,6-diethyl-p-tolyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7h-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl 2,2-dimethylpropionate
8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7h-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
dtxcid6014823
tox21_304033
dtxsid8034823 ,
NCGC00356993-01
cas-243973-20-8
propanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7h-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl ester
pinoxaden, pestanal(r), analytical standard
pinoxaden 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
Q15632855
BCP30997
propanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, 8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7h-pyrazolo1,2-d1,4,5oxadiazepin-9-yl ester
FT-0778659
8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-9-oxo-1h,2h,4h,5h,9h-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-7-yl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
EN300-1661086
Z2574926827

Research Excerpts

Overview

Pinoxaden is a new cereal herbicide that provides outstanding levels of post-emergence activity against a broad spectrum of grass weed species for worldwide selective use in both wheat and barley.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Pinoxaden is a new cereal herbicide that provides outstanding levels of post-emergence activity against a broad spectrum of grass weed species for worldwide selective use in both wheat and barley."	( Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden. Cederbaum, F; Cornes, D; Friedmann, AA; Glock, J; Hall, G; Indolese, AF; Kloer, DP; Le Goupil, G; Maetzke, T; Meier, H; Muehlebach, M; Schneider, R; Stoller, A; Szczepanski, H; Wendeborn, S; Widmer, H, 2011)	2.03

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dose-response experiment indicated that Lujiang population was highly resistant to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (199."	( Target-site mechanism of ACCase-inhibitors resistance in American sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne Steud.) from China. Du, L; Li, L; Liu, W; Wang, J; Yuan, G, 2014)	0.4
" Dose-response experiments showed that the AHSX-1 population has evolved a very high level resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (RI = 275) and mesosulfuron-methyl (RI = 788)."	( Multiple resistance to ACCase and AHAS-inhibiting herbicides in shortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.) from China. Bi, Y; Du, L; Guo, W; Li, Q; Liu, W; Wang, J; Yuan, G; Zhang, C, 2015)	0.42
" In this study, whole-plant dose-response assays were conducted to investigate the level of resistance in four resistant American sloughgrass populations (LY, JH, BYJ and BYP) to four ACCase-inhibiting herbicides belonging to aryloxyphenoxypropionates, cyclohexanediones, and phenylpyrazolines groups under greenhouse conditions."	( Resistance of American sloughgrass (Bechmannia syzigachne) populations to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides involves three different target site mutations from China. Chen, J; Tang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhou, F, 2015)	0.42

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (5)

Role	Description
xenobiotic	A xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
environmental contaminant	Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
agrochemical	An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor	An EC 6.4.1.* (C-C bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2).
proherbicide	A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the pharmacologically active herbicide for which it is a proherbicide.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

Class	Description
pivalate ester	A carboxylic ester of pivalic acid.
pyrazolooxadiazepine	An organic heterobicyclic compound whose skeleton consists of a pyrazole ring ortho-fused to a diazepine ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (6)

Potency Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0063	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID588515
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.8782	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159555
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.6349	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	70.7946	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID720659
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0028	0.0237	23.2282	63.5986	AID588543
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.8107	0.0578	21.1097	61.2679	AID1159526; AID1159528
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (55)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1111876	Solubility in water at 25 degC	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103803	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Lolium rigidum at 30 g a.i./ha measured after 20 days	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111886	Drug metabolism in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) measured assessed as total inactive metabolites at 0.1 g/l after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111891	Drug level in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) measured at 0.1 g/l after 6 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111910	Drug metabolism in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) measured assessed as pinoxaden dione at 0.1 g/l after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111890	Drug level in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) measured at 0.1 g/l after 6 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111879	Drug metabolism in Avena fatua assessed as total active parent at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111900	Drug metabolism in winter Hordeum vulgare cv. Manitou (barley) assessed as pinoxaden dione at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111877	Drug metabolism in Avena fatua assessed as total inactive metabolites at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111903	Drug level in winter Hordeum vulgare cv. Manitou (barley) at 0.1 g/l measured after 6 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111911	Drug metabolism in winter Triticum aestivum cv. Soisson (wheat) assessed as total active parent at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103813	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Alopecurus myosuroides at 30 g a.i./ha measured after 21 days in presence of 1% Merge adjuvant	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103810	Phytotoxicity against Hordeum vulgare cv. Fanfare (barley) at 60 g a.i./ha applied post-emergence measured after 12 days in presence of cloquintocet-mexyl	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111899	Drug metabolism in winter Hordeum vulgare cv. Manitou (barley) assessed as total active parent at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103809	Phytotoxicity against Triticum aestivum cv. Arina (wheat) at 60 g a.i./ha applied post-emergence measured after 12 days	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111878	Drug metabolism in Avena fatua assessed as total inactive metabolites at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103842	Half life of hydrolysis at pH 7 at 50 degC	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103814	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Avena fatua at 30 g a.i./ha measured after 21 days in presence of 1% Merge adjuvant	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111895	Drug metabolism in winter Triticum aestivum cv. Soisson (wheat) assessed as pinoxaden dione at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111887	Drug metabolism in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) measured assessed as total active parent at 0.1 g/l after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103807	Phytotoxicity against Triticum aestivum cv. Remia (wheat) at 60 g a.i./ha applied post-emergence measured after 12 days	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111883	Drug level in Avena fatua at 0.1 g/l measured after 6 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111894	Drug metabolism in winter Triticum aestivum cv. Soisson (wheat) assessed as total active parent at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111889	Drug metabolism in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) measured assessed as pinoxaden dione at 0.1 g/l after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111914	Drug level in winter Triticum aestivum cv. Soisson (wheat) measured after 6 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111892	Drug metabolism in winter Triticum aestivum cv. Soisson (wheat) assessed as total inactive metabolites at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111901	Drug metabolism in winter Hordeum vulgare cv. Manitou (barley) assessed as pinoxaden dione at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103811	Phytotoxicity against Hordeum vulgare cv. Fanfare (barley) at 60 g a.i./ha applied post-emergence measured after 12 days	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111896	Drug metabolism in winter Hordeum vulgare cv. Manitou (barley) assessed as total inactive metabolites at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111880	Drug metabolism in Avena fatua assessed as total active parent at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111871	Aqueous hydrolysis of the compound at pH 9 at 20 degC	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111872	Aqueous hydrolysis of the compound at pH 4 at 20 degC	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111912	Drug metabolism in winter Triticum aestivum cv. Soisson (wheat) assessed as pinoxaden dione at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103808	Phytotoxicity against Triticum aestivum cv. Arina (wheat) at 60 g a.i./ha applied post-emergence measured after 12 days in presence of cloquintocet-mexyl	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103812	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) at 30 g a.i./ha measured after 21 days in presence of 1% Merge adjuvant	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111888	Drug metabolism in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) measured assessed as total active parent at 0.1 g/l after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111897	Drug metabolism in winter Hordeum vulgare cv. Manitou (barley) assessed as total inactive metabolites at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111885	Drug metabolism in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) measured assessed as total inactive metabolites at 0.1 g/l after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103799	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Setaria faberi (Giant Foxtail) at 30 g a.i./ha measured after 21 days in presence of 1% Merge adjuvant	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103801	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Lolium rigidum at 30 g a.i./ha measured after 20 days in presence of cloquintocet-mexyl	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111893	Drug metabolism in winter Triticum aestivum cv. Soisson (wheat) assessed as total inactive metabolites at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111882	Drug metabolism in Avena fatua assessed as pinoxaden dione at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103805	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Avena fatua at 30 g a.i./ha measured after 20 days in presence of cloquintocet-mexyl	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111898	Drug metabolism in winter Hordeum vulgare cv. Manitou (barley) assessed as total active parent at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103819	Phytotoxicity against Hordeum vulgare (barley) at 30 g a.i./ha applied post-emergence measured after 21 days in presence of 1% Merge adjuvant	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103804	Post-emergence herbicidal activity against Avena fatua at 30 g a.i./ha measured after 20 days	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111884	Drug level in Avena fatua at 0.1 g/l measured after 6 hr	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111874	Aqueous hydrolysis of the compound at pH 7 at 20 degC	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111881	Drug metabolism in Avena fatua assessed as pinoxaden dione at 0.1 g/l measured after 16 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111913	Drug level in winter Triticum aestivum cv. Soisson (wheat) measured after 6 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103818	Phytotoxicity against Triticum aestivum (wheat) at 30 g a.i./ha applied post-emergence measured after 21 days in presence of 1% Merge adjuvant	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1103806	Phytotoxicity against Triticum aestivum cv. Remia (wheat) at 60 g a.i./ha applied post-emergence measured after 12 days in presence of cloquintocet-mexyl	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111902	Drug level in winter Hordeum vulgare cv. Manitou (barley) at 0.1 g/l measured after 6 hr in presence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111873	Aqueous hydrolysis of the compound at pH 5 at 20 degC	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
AID1111875	Lipophilicity, log P of the compound at 25 degC	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part 2: chemistry and biology of the cereal herbicide pinoxaden.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (22)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	2 (9.09)	29.6817
2010's	15 (68.18)	24.3611
2020's	5 (22.73)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 35.66

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	35.66 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.14 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	5.04 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	71.89 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	3.18 (0.95)

This Compound (35.66)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	22 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.41	1	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
prometryne Prometryne: A triazine used as a selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). prometryn : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methylsulfanediyl group at position 6.	2.06	1	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.07	1	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate [no description available]	2.17	1	trialkyl phosphate
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.11	1	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.06	1	pyrrole; secondary amine
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	3.34	6	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.05	1	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.35	6
chlortoluron chlorotoluron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups while the other is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl group. A herbicide that is non-toxic to honeybees but moderately toxic to mammals, birds, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.	2.06	1	monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
dichlorfop-methyl dichlorfop-methyl: structure; herbicide for control of wild oat & foxtails in cereal crops. diclofop-methyl : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-diclofop-methyl. A proherbicide for diclofop, it is used for the control of wild oats and annual weeds in wheat, barley, rye and broad-leaved crops.. methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid with methanol.	2.52	2	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; diether; methyl ester
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	2.06	1	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fenoxaprop ethyl Puma: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising one species, Puma concolor. It is a large, long-tailed, feline of uniform color. The names puma, cougar, and mountain lion are used interchangeably for this species. There are more than 20 subspecies.	3.49	7	aromatic ether
haloxyfop haloxyfop: RN given refers to parent cpd. haloxyfop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of haloxyfop-P (the more active, R enantiomer) and (S)-haloxyfop (the less active enantiomer). A post-emergence herbicide used to control annual and perennial grass weeds. Commercial use of the racemate was phased out in favour of the most active enantiomer, used as the proherbicide esters haloxyfop-P-methyl and haloxyfop-P-etotyl.. 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the hydrogen at the para position of the phenyl ring has been replaced by a [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy group.	2.13	1	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyridines
fluazifop-butyl fluazifop-butyl: RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. fluazifop-butyl : A racemate that is the butyl ester of fluazifop. It is used as a post-emergence herbicide for the control grass weeds in various broad-leaved crops.. butyl 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol.	2.13	1	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; organofluorine compound; pyridines
metsulfuron methyl metsulfuron methyl : A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.	2.31	1	1,3,5-triazines; benzoate ester; N-sulfonylurea	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
quizalofop-ethyl quizalofop-ethyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. quizalofop-ethyl : A racemate coprising equimolar amounts of quizalofop-P-ethyl and its enantiomer, (S)-quizalofop-ethyl. A proherbicide for quizalofop.. ethyl 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid with ethanol.	2.11	1	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; organochlorine compound; quinoxaline derivative
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.06	1	1,2,3-triazole
fluphenacur fluphenacur: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; N-acylurea; organofluorine compound
carfentrazone-ethyl carfentrazone-ethyl: structure in first source. carfentrazone-ethyl : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-carfentrazone-ethylcarfentrazone-ethyl. A proherbicide for the herbicide carfentrazone (by hydrolysis of the ester group to the corresponding acid), it is used to control broad-leafed weeds in potatoes and cereal crops.. ethyl 2-chloro-3-{2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorophenyl}propanoate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-chloro-3-{2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorophenyl}propanoic acid with ethanol.	7.6	1	ethyl ester	proherbicide
fludioxonil fludioxonil: structure in first source. fludioxonil : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole substituted at position 4 by a 3-cyanopyrrol-4-yl group. A fungicide seed treatment for control of a range of diseases including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria.	2.06	1	benzodioxoles; nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyrroles	androgen antagonist; antifungal agrochemical; estrogen receptor agonist
clodinafop-propargyl clodinafop-propargyl: an herbicide. clodinafop-propargyl : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of clodinafop with the hydroxy group of prop-2-yn-1-ol. It is widely used as a herbicide for the control of annual grass weeds in cereal crops.	8.22	5	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; propyzamide; pyridines	agrochemical; EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor; herbicide
cloquintocet-mexyl cloquintocet-mexyl: an herbicide safener. cloquintocet-mexyl : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-cloquintocet-mexyl. It is a colourless crystalline herbicide safener which protects small cereal crops against the toxicity of the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl. The World Health Organization have categorized it as a class III toxin.. heptan-2-yl [(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate : A member of the class of quinolines that is quinoline which is substituted by a chloro group at position 5 and by a 2-[(heptan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethoxy group at position 8.	7.54	2	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; organochlorine compound; quinolines
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.07	1	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
clodinafop clodinafop: structure in first source. clodinafop : An aromatic ether that is (R)-lactic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted to the corresponding p-[(5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy]phenyl ether. It is the parent acid of the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl.	7.05	1	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyridines	EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor; phenoxy herbicide
mesosulfuron-methyl mesosulfuron-methyl: an herbicide	2.48	2
iodosulfuron [no description available]	2.05	1
volunteers clethodim: structure in first source. clethodim : An oxime O-ether resulting from the formal conversion ot the acyclic keto group of 5-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-propionylcyclohex-2-en-1-one to the corresponding oxime with subsequent O-alkylation of the oxime by an (E)-3-chloroallyl group. It is used as a selective postemergence herbicide for the control of annual and perennial grasses in numerous crops, including alfalfa, celery, clover, conifers, cotton, cranberries, garlic, onions, ornamentals, peanuts, soybeans, strawberries, sugarbeet, sunflowers, and vegetables; the (-)-enantiomer has been reported to be more active than the (+)-enantiomer.	3.02	4
sethoxydim sethoxydim: structure given in Merck Index	3.03	4	organic hydroxy compound

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