Compounds > dihydroberberine
Page last updated: 2024-12-05

dihydroberberine

Description

Dihydroberberine (DHB) is a naturally occurring benzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in various plants, including Berberis species. It is a derivative of berberine and possesses a similar chemical structure. DHB exhibits a range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. It has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Research suggests that DHB exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms, including modulation of enzymatic activity, inhibition of inflammatory pathways, and antioxidant activity. The synthesis of DHB can be achieved through chemical reduction of berberine using various reducing agents. The compound's unique structural features and biological activities make it a promising target for further investigations in the field of drug discovery and development.'

dihydroberberine: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID10217
CHEMBL ID11848
CHEBI ID192073
SCHEMBL ID299738
MeSH IDM0118575

Synonyms (39)

Synonym
nsc-331264
brn 0344128
nsc 331264
9,10-dimethoxy-2,3-(methylenedioxy)-13,13a-didehydroberbine
dihydroberbine
7,8-dihydroberberine
6h-benzo(g)-1,3-benzodioxolo(5,6-a)quinolizine, 5,8-dihydro-9,10-dimethoxy-
nsc331264
berbine, 13,13a-didehydro-9,10-dimethoxy-2,3-(methylenedioxy)-
dihydroumbellatine
483-15-8
berberine, dihydro-
dihydroberberine
3BTI
CHEMBL11848
lambertine
16,17-dimethoxy-5,7-dioxa-13-azapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,8.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4(8),9,15(20),16,18-heptaene
CHEBI:192073
AKOS016010627
4-27-00-06505 (beilstein handbook reference)
SCHEMBL299738
lambertin
9,10-dimethoxy-6,8-dihydro-5h-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolino[3,2-a]isoquinoline
9,10-dimethoxy-5,8-dihydro-6h-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline
AC-34205
9,10-dimethoxy-5,8-dihydro-6h-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline #
16,17-dimethoxy-5,7-dioxa-13-azapentacyclo[11.8.0.0^{2,10}.0^{4,8}.0^{15,20}]henicosa-1(21),2(10),3,8,15,17,19-heptaene
DTXSID70197476
bdbm50480308
FT-0701465
dihydroberberine/dihydroumbellatine
mfcd00022312
A14704
9,10-dimethoxy-5,8-dihydro-6h-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolino[3,2-a]isoquinoline
9,10-dimethoxy-6,8-dihydro-5h-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolino[3,2-a]isoquinoline
HY-N1934
CS-0018246
MS-25118
A871933

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This study supports the safe use of transdermal compositions that improve on the poor bioavailability of oral berberine and have the potential to be more efficacious in the treatment of dyslipidemia or hypercholesterolemia."( Comparative pharmacokinetics and safety assessment of transdermal berberine and dihydroberberine.
Azike, CG; Baranowski, DC; Buchanan, B; Gabriele, J; Meng, Q; Poulin, MM; Zuccolo, J, 2018)		0.71

Bioavailability

Dihydroberberine (dhBBR) has an intestinal absorption rate 5-fold that of BBR in animals. The gut microbiota converts BBR into its absorbable form, which has enhanced bioavailability.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Our previous work demonstrated that dihydroberberine (dhBBR) has enhanced bioavailability and in vivo efficacy compared with berberine."( 8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
Chen, AF; Cheng, Z; Gu, M; Hu, LH; Li, J; Li, JY; Li, YY; Sheng, L; Wu, F; Zhang, HK; Zhang, LN, 2010)		1.01
" The results showed that the absorption rate of Ber in the small intestine was lower than 10%, but that of Hdber was larger than 70%."( Intestinal absorption of berberine and 8-hydroxy dihydroberberine and their effects on sugar absorption in rat small intestine.
Dong, S; Wei, SC; Xu, LJ; Zhang, CY, 2014)		0.66
" Here, we show that the gut microbiota converts BBR into its absorbable form of dihydroberberine (dhBBR), which has an intestinal absorption rate 5-fold that of BBR in animals."( Transforming berberine into its intestine-absorbable form by the gut microbiota.
Chen, X; Chen, Y; Feng, R; Fu, J; He, CY; Huang, M; Jiang, JD; Li, XY; Lin, Y; Ma, C; Ren, G; Shou, JW; Tan, XS; Wang, Y; Wen, BY; Yang, XY; You, XF; Zhao, ZX, 2015)		0.64
" However, oral (PO) administration of berberine is hindered by poor bioavailability and increasing dose often elicits gastro-intestinal side effects."( Comparative pharmacokinetics and safety assessment of transdermal berberine and dihydroberberine.
Azike, CG; Baranowski, DC; Buchanan, B; Gabriele, J; Meng, Q; Poulin, MM; Zuccolo, J, 2018)		0.71

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" In diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, Di-Me counteracted the increased adiposity, tissue triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance, and improved glucose tolerance at a dosage of 15mg/kg."( 8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
Chen, AF; Cheng, Z; Gu, M; Hu, LH; Li, J; Li, JY; Li, YY; Sheng, L; Wu, F; Zhang, HK; Zhang, LN, 2010)		0.74
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Occurs in Manufacturing (1 Product(s))

Product Categories

Product CategoryProducts
Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy1

Products

ProductBrandCategoryCompounds Matched from IngredientsDate Retrieved
Nutri Ceylon Cinnamon Dihydro Berberine+ -- 200 mg - 60 Vegan CapsulesNutriHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyDihydroberberine2024-11-29 10:47:42

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
alkaloidAny of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
(R)-canadine biosynthesis06

Protein Targets (9)

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd0.72000.72001.19331.7700AID977611
Chain B, HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd0.72000.72001.19331.7700AID977611
Chain A, HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd0.72000.72001.19331.7700AID977611
Chain B, HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd0.72000.72001.19331.7700AID977611
Chain A, HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd0.72000.72001.19331.7700AID977611
Chain A, HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd0.72000.72001.19331.7700AID977611
Chain B, HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd0.72000.72001.19331.7700AID977611
Chain A, HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd0.72000.72001.19331.7700AID977611
Chain B, HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd0.72000.72001.19331.7700AID977611
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (26)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID136554In vivo Mean survival time of Plasmodium berghei parasitized mice dosed at 40 mg/kg1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6
Protoberberine alkaloids as antimalarials.
AID136553In vivo Mean survival time of Plasmodium berghei parasitized mice dosed at 160 mg/kg; Toxic1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6
Protoberberine alkaloids as antimalarials.
AID615130Antidiabetic activity in C57BLKS/J-db/db mouse assessed as decrease in fed blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 4 weeks2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID136558In vivo Mean survival time of Plasmodium berghei parasitized mice dosed at 640 mg/kg; Toxic1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6
Protoberberine alkaloids as antimalarials.
AID615141Toxicity in C57BLKS/J-db/db mouse assessed as change in food intake at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 6 weeks2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID615134Antidiabetic activity in C57BLKS/J-db/db mouse assessed as alleviation of glucose tolerance at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 3 weeks by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID656691Cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts assessed as cell viability by microplate reader2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 22, Issue:8
Structure-activity studies of some berberine analogs as inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii.
AID615131Antidiabetic activity in C57BLKS/J-db/db mouse assessed as reduction of fasting blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 3 weeks2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID293733Cytotoxicity against MRC5 cells2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 17, Issue:6
Antiviral activity of berberine and related compounds against human cytomegalovirus.
AID151349In vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum W21988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6
Protoberberine alkaloids as antimalarials.
AID615201Antidiabetic activity in C57BLKS/J-db/db mouse assessed as decrease in area under curve at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 4 weeks by insulin tolerance test2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID615200Toxicity in C57BLKS/J-db/db mouse assessed as reduction in liver weight at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 6 weeks2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID656692Therapeutic index, ratio of TD50 for human fibroblast cell to ID 50 for Toxoplasma gondii ATCC 508392012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 22, Issue:8
Structure-activity studies of some berberine analogs as inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii.
AID397122Inhibition of HIV1 RT
AID615033Aqueous solubility of compound in distilled water2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID151209In vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D61988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6
Protoberberine alkaloids as antimalarials.
AID293735Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for MRC5 cells to IC50 for HCMV2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 17, Issue:6
Antiviral activity of berberine and related compounds against human cytomegalovirus.
AID615037Oral bioavailability in 12 hrs fasting Sprague-Dawley rat at 20 mg/kg2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID615210Toxicity in C57BLKS/J-db/db mouse assessed as increase in subcutaneous fat at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 6 weeks2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID615138Antiobese activity in C57BLKS/J-db/db mouse assessed as decrease in plasma triglyceride level at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 5 weeks2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID293734Antiviral activity against HCMV in MRC5 cells by plaque reduction assay2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 17, Issue:6
Antiviral activity of berberine and related compounds against human cytomegalovirus.
AID656690Antiparasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii ATCC 50839 infected in human fibroblasts assessed as inhibition of replication of tachyzoites after 4 days by bacterial beta-galactosidase assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 22, Issue:8
Structure-activity studies of some berberine analogs as inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii.
AID615129Antidiabetic activity in C57BLKS/J-db/db mouse assessed as decrease in fed blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 3 weeks2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID615140Toxicity in C57BLKS/J-db/db mouse assessed as change in body weight at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 6 weeks2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID615030Stability in acidic buffer at pH 2 after 6 hrs by HPLC2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
8,8-Dimethyldihydroberberine with improved bioavailability and oral efficacy on obese and diabetic mouse models.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2008Biochemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 47, Issue:31
QacR-cation recognition is mediated by a redundancy of residues capable of charge neutralization.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (23)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19902 (8.70)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's4 (17.39)29.6817
2010's12 (52.17)24.3611
2020's5 (21.74)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 47.31

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index47.31 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.26 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.78 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index140.16 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index4.00 (0.95)

This Compound (47.31)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other25 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		3.1210monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		2.3110hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.2510acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
berberine
[no description available]		6.19210alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.0310trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		2.0510guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		2.0710aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		2.3110amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.1510amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
papaverine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.1510amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
(+-)stylopine
[no description available]		2.1110
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.1510pyrrole;
secondary amine
chrysophanic acid
chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.		2.0310dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
jkl 1073a
8-oxoberberine: structure given in first source		2.4120
Berberine chloride (TN)
[no description available]		2.420organic molecular entity
canadine, (s)-isomer
(S)-canadine : The (S)-enantiomer of canadine.		2.730an (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine;
canadine		plant metabolite
canadine
canadine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. canadine : A berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10.		2.1110aromatic ether;
berberine alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxacycle
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		2.1710delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
arctigenin
arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants		2.0310lignan
baicalin
[no description available]		2.0310dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
leucomalachite green
[no description available]		2.0410benzenoid aromatic compound
coptisine
coptisine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.5220alkaloidmetabolite
berberrubine
berberrubine: RN refers to chloride salt; a protoberberine alkaloid antitumor agent which exhibits topoisomerase II poison activity as well as catalytic inhibition activity; structure in first source		2.0710
quercetin 5,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether
quercetin 5,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether : A tetramethoxyflavone that is the 5,7,3',4'-tetramethy-derivative of quercetin.		2.0310flavonols;
tetramethoxyflavone		plant metabolite
arctiin
arctiin: from fruits of Arctium lappa L; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92		2.0310glycoside;
lignan
protoberberine
protoberberine: a benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline derivative that appears as an isoquinoline annelated (adjoined) with a naphthylene; the nitrogen is typically quarternary; nitidine is annelated differently; RN given refers to parent cpd		6.9310
jatrorrhizine chloride
[no description available]		1.9710
wogonin
wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.		2.0310dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
su 11248
[no description available]		2.1510monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
[no description available]		2.2510BODIPY compound
ganciclovir
[no description available]		2.03102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		02.0310
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		02.0510
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.0510
Anasarca
[description not available]		03.1210
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		03.1210
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.3110
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		02.3110
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.5920
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.3110
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.5920
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.1510
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.1510
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.1510
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.1510
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		02.1110
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		02.1110
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.1110
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		02.1110
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