gonyautoxin ii

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

gonyautoxin II: RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,4alpha,9beta,10aR*))-isomer; gonyautoxin III is the (9alpha)-isomer of gonyautoxin II [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	101650338
CHEBI ID	80769
MeSH ID	M0127750

Synonyms (18)

Synonym
gonyautoxin ii
60508-89-6
gonyautoxin 2
unii-yu77z3ny6z
toxin gtx2
11alpha-hydroxysaxitoxin 11-sulfate
yu77z3ny6z ,
gtx2
gtx ii
1h,10h-pyrrolo(1,2-c)purine-9,10,10-triol, 2,6-diamino-4-(((aminocarbonyl)oxy)methyl)-3a,4,8,9-tetrahydro-, 9-(hydrogen sulfate), (3as,4r,9r,10as)-
CHEBI:80769
1h,10h-pyrrolo(1,2-c)purine-9,10,10-triol, 2,6-diamino-4-(((aminocarbonyl)oxy)methyl)-3a,4,8,9-tetrahydro-, 9-(hydrogen sulfate), (3as-(3a.alpha.,4.alpha.,9.beta.,10ar*))- 11.alpha.-hydroxysaxitoxin 11-sulfate
gonyautoxin iim
gonyautoxin-2
[(3as,4r,9r,10as)-10,10-dihydroxy-2,6-diimino-9-(sulfooxy)octahydro-1h,8h-pyrrolo[1,2-c]purin-4-yl]methyl carbamate
Q27149819
toxin gtx2;gtx ii; gtx2; gonyautoxin 2
[(3as,4r,9r,10as)-2,6-diamino-10,10-dihydroxy-9-sulfooxy-3a,4,8,9-tetrahydro-1h-pyrrolo[1,2-c]purin-4-yl]methyl carbamate

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Therefore, populations utilizing high ammonium concentration could be more toxic than those growing on nitrate or urea."	( Variability in toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense in response to different nitrogen sources and concentrations. Leong, SC; Murata, A; Nagashima, Y; Taguchi, S, 2004)	0.32
"The therapeutic properties of gonyautoxin local infiltration in chronic tension-type headache patients are shown to be safe and effective."	( Local infiltration of gonyautoxin is safe and effective in treatment of chronic tension-type headache. García, C; Lagos, M; Lagos, N; Lattes, K; Pedraza, L; Rodriguez-Navarro, AJ; Venegas, P, 2009)	0.35

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

Role	Description
marine metabolite	Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in marine macro- and microorganisms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

Class	Description
organic heterotricyclic compound	An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms.
paralytic shellfish toxin
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (16)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1 (6.25)	18.7374
1990's	1 (6.25)	18.2507
2000's	8 (50.00)	29.6817
2010's	6 (37.50)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.43

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	12.43 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	2.89 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	5.32 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.43)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (6.25%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	15 (93.75%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.02	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.02	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.01	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.04	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	2.04	1	0	cobalt group element atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.05	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2.01	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
geographutoxin i gonyautoxin I: structure in first source; RN given refers to gonyautoxin I; gonyantoxin IV is isomer of gonyautoxin I	3.46	7	0	organic heterotricyclic compound	marine metabolite
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	1.96	1	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
saxitoxin Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.	6.48	16	1	alkaloid; carbamate ester; guanidines; ketone hydrate; paralytic shellfish toxin; pyrrolopurine	cyanotoxin; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; sodium channel blocker; toxin

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning A condition caused by ingestion of shellfish contaminated by domoic acid-producing diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia.	2.76	3	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Headache, Tension [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	3.43	1	1
Tension-Type Headache A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	3.43	1	1
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	2.93	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.03	1	0

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