Compounds > gimeracil
Page last updated: 2024-11-13

gimeracil

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

gimeracil: a biochemical and pharmacological modulator of 5-FU [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID54679224
CHEMBL ID1730601
CHEBI ID31652
SCHEMBL ID124438
MeSH IDM0272245

Synonyms (69)

Synonym
AC-475
5-chloropyridine-2,4-diol
NCGC00181011-01
ts-1 (tn)
D01846
103766-25-2
gimeracil (jan/inn)
gimeracil
5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2(1h)-pyridinone
5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine
C2243
5-chloro-2,4-pyridinediol
AKOS006346735
5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2(1h)-pyridone
A800802
tox21_112661
cas-103766-25-2
dtxsid8046799 ,
dtxcid6026799
2(1h)-pyridinone, 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-
unii-ua8se1325t
gimestat
cdhp compound
ua8se1325t ,
gimeracil [inn]
BCP9000727
5-chloro-4-hydroxy-1h-pyridin-2-one
FT-0645353
AKOS015891515
gimeracil [mi]
gimeracil component of teysuno
1349387-07-0
gimeracil [who-dd]
teysuno component gimeracil
gimeracil [ema epar]
gimeracil [jan]
CHEMBL1730601
CS-1822
HY-17469
ZPLQIPFOCGIIHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
5-chloro-4-hydroxypyridin-2(1h)-one
5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-pyridone
SCHEMBL124438
NCGC00181011-02
tox21_112661_1
KS-5133
mfcd08458352
SY029154
Q-100034
5-chloro-2-hydroxypyridin-4(1h)-one
AB01566858_01
DB09257
AKOS026749993
sr-01000945072
SR-01000945072-1
CHEBI:31652
HMS3655B15
5-chloro-4-hydroxy-1,2-dihydropyridin-2-one
gimeracil, >=98% (hplc)
SW219483-1
A935098
BCP05824
S2055
Q22075887
AMY2406
gimeracil impurity 1
EN300-3186161
CCG-266172
Z1201624655

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The reduction of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, induced in the host by 5-FU, was modulated by potassium oxonate (Oxo), an inhibitor of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of 5-FU, a process believed to be responsible for the toxic effects of 5-FU."( Development of a novel form of an oral 5-fluorouracil derivative (S-1) directed to the potentiation of the tumor selective cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil by two biochemical modulators.
Fukushima, M; Kato, T; Ohshimo, H; Shimamato, Y; Shirasaka, T; Yamaguchi, M; Yonekura, K, 1996)		0.29
" In the CDHP and Oxo treatment groups of rats, the only toxic signs were soft or diarrheal stools on the dosing day."( [Oral single-dose toxicity study of a new antineoplastic agent S-1, and its components, CDHP, and Oxo].
Hayashi, T; Hirota, T; Irimura, K; Ohmae, S; Tanaka, G, 1996)		0.29
" Major adverse effects were hematological toxicities, gastrointestinal disturbance, neurosensory toxicity."( [Efficacy and side effects of combination therapy of oxaliplatin and S-1 for colorectal cancer].
Jin, ZM; Zhu, QC, 2011)		0.37
" In respect of adverse events, both the rates of hematological and non-hematological toxicities were low and similar between the two groups (P>0."( [Comparison of the efficacy and safety of capecitabine or tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium capsules combined with oxaliplatin chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer].
Hui, H; Sun, S; Wan, Y; Wang, X; Wu, J, 2016)		0.67
" Thirty-two patients developed 54 events of CRT-related adverse events, including only one patient with a grade 3 event (stomatitis)."( Tolerability and safety of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with S-1 after limited surgery for T1 or T2 lower rectal cancer.
Doki, Y; Eguchi, H; Kitakaze, M; Miyoshi, N; Mizushima, T; Murata, K; Noura, S; Ohue, M; Takahashi, H; Tei, M; Uemura, M, 2021)		0.62

Pharmacokinetics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gimeracil (CDHP), a reversible dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil. The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of S-1 (tegafur + CDHP + oteracil potassium [Oxo]) was compared to that of FT alone.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In the total gastrectomy cases the post-operative tmax of both 5-FU and CDHP was shorter than the pre-operative tmax, and no significant differences were observed between the pre- and post-operative AUC0-8 h values."( Effect of gastrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil and gimeracil after oral administration of S-1.
Kamano, T; Kawai, K; Kitajima, M; Ochiai, T; Sakamoto, K; Shirasaka, T; Tsuruoka, Y; Watabe, S, 2006)		0.57
" We aimed to develop a pharmacokinetic model to describe the kinetics of tegafur and 5-FU after the administration of TS-1 and UFT."( Development of a pharmacokinetic model to optimize the dosage regimen of TS-1, a combination preparation of tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium.
Hori, S; Inoue, S; Ohtani, H; Sawada, Y; Tsujimoto, M, 2007)		0.55
" Thus, we prospectively analyzed the effects of the CYP2A6 genotype, plasma level of CDHP, and patient characteristics on the pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of FT and 5-FU."( CYP2A6 and the plasma level of 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine are determinants of the pharmacokinetic variability of tegafur and 5-fluorouracil, respectively, in Japanese patients with cancer given S-1.
Akiyama, Y; Ando, Y; Araki, K; Endo, H; Endo, S; Fujita, K; Ichikawa, W; Kamataki, T; Kawara, K; Kodama, K; Miwa, K; Miya, T; Nagashima, F; Narabayashi, M; Sasaki, Y; Sunakawa, Y; Tanaka, R; Yamamoto, W, 2008)		0.35
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gimeracil (CDHP), a reversible dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other related metabolites by comparing the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of S-1 (tegafur [FT] + CDHP + oteracil potassium [Oxo]) to that of FT alone."( A phase I study evaluating the effect of CDHP as a component of S-1 on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil.
Mendelson, DS; Ravage-Mass, L; Rosen, LS; Saif, MW; Saito, K; Zergebel, C, 2011)		0.61
"This pharmacokinetic study of S-1 was conducted in patients in whom glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was directly measured to explore the possibility of adjusting the S-1 dose on the basis of GFR in patients with normal or nearly normal renal function."( Pharmacokinetic study of S-1 in patients in whom inulin clearance was measured.
Ando, Y; Fujimoto, Y; Fujita, K; Hiramatsu, M; Inada, M; Kawada, K; Mitsuma, A; Morita, S; Yasuda, Y, 2012)		0.38
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of tegafur, 5-fluorouracil, gimeracil, potassium oxonate and uracil after single oral administration were as follows: (2,207 +/- 545), (220."( [Pharmacokinetics of S-1 capsule in patients with advanced gastric cancer].
Chu, Y; Ding, L; Liu, HY; Yu, Y; Zhu, H, 2012)		0.62
" This study explored the pharmacokinetics of S-1 and pharmacokinetic changes after gastric surgery in patients with resectable gastric cancer who received pre- and postoperative S-1 plus docetaxel."( Postgastrectomy pharmacokinetic changes of S-1 in patients with localized advanced gastric cancer.
Hwang, A; Ju Choi, I; Kim, MJ; Kim, YW; Lee, JH; Lim, HS; Park, SR; Park, YI; Ryu, KW, 2015)		0.42
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK), bioequivalence, and safety of a newly developed generic formulation of S-1 compared with the branded reference formulation, in Korean gastric cancer patients."( Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study between two formulations of S-1 in Korean gastric cancer patients.
Cho, K; Cho, S; Gwon, MR; Kang, WY; Kim, BK; Kim, JG; Lee, HW; Ohk, B; Seong, SJ; Sung, YK; Yoon, YR, 2019)		0.51

Compound-Compound Interactions

Huaier granules combined with Tegafur Gimeracil Oteracil Potassium could promote patient prognosis, with a better disease-free survival rate (51%)

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To determine the clinical toxicities and antitumor effects of a chemotherapy regimen of FTQ, a compound preparation of tegafur, the drug prototype of 5-furacil (5-FU), gimeracil (CDHP), a decomposition inhibitor of 5-FU, oteracil potassium, phosphorylation inhibitor of 5-FU, and combined with cisplatin in patients with inoperable locally or metastatic advanced gastric cancer."( [Curative effects of FTQ combined with cisplatin in treatment of advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter study].
Dai, GH; Jiao, SC; Li, F; Li, Y; Liu, W; Lu, HS; Niu, RG; Song, SP; Wang, J; Xie, XD; Xu, JM; Yang, JL; Zhang, FC; Zhang, Y; Zhao, H, 2008)		0.54
"The regimen of FTQ combined with cisplatin is generally well-tolerated and has substantial antitumor activity."( [Curative effects of FTQ combined with cisplatin in treatment of advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter study].
Dai, GH; Jiao, SC; Li, F; Li, Y; Liu, W; Lu, HS; Niu, RG; Song, SP; Wang, J; Xie, XD; Xu, JM; Yang, JL; Zhang, FC; Zhang, Y; Zhao, H, 2008)		0.35
" The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency concluded that S-1 in combination with cisplatin (75 mg/m²) was noninferior to 5-FU plus cisplatin (100 mg/m²) in patients with advanced gastric cancer and adopted a positive opinion recommending the marketing authorization for this product for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer when given in combination with cisplatin."( The European Medicines Agency review of Tegafur/Gimeracil/Oteracil (Teysuno™) for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer when given in combination with cisplatin: summary of the Scientific Assessment of the Committee for medicinal products for human use
Abadie, E; Calvo Rojas, G; Camarero, J; Garcia-Carbonero, R; Matt, P; Pignatti, F; Ter Hofstede, H; van Zwieten-Boot, B, 2011)		0.62
"The aim of this study is to explore the clinical effect of tegafur gimeracil oteracil combined with pirarubicin hydrochloride (THP) and diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) for second-line treatment of advanced cardiac carcinoma, and find the most effective method to improve its survival rate and decrease the adverse reactions."( The Clinical Evaluation of Tegafur Gimeracil Oteracil Combined with THP and DDP for Second-Line Treatment of Advanced Cardiac Carcinoma.
Lv, JQ; Wang, HF, 2015)		0.93
"To analyze the therapeutic actions of tegafur gimeracil oteracil combined with oxaliplatin for treating patients with advanced colorectal cancer, and its effects on the K-ras gene mutation and the CK20 mRNA."( Tegafur gimeracil oter combined with oxaliplatin for advanced colorectal cancer.
Ren, J; Wei, H; Yang, ZH; Yi, LJ; Zheng, JH, 2015)		1.11
" The control group, which consisted of 20 cases, were treated with capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin."( Tegafur gimeracil oter combined with oxaliplatin for advanced colorectal cancer.
Ren, J; Wei, H; Yang, ZH; Yi, LJ; Zheng, JH, 2015)		0.85
"Tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil combined with oxaliplatin therapy had better treatment outcomes than capecitabine combined oxaliplatin for advanced colorectal cancer."( Tegafur gimeracil oter combined with oxaliplatin for advanced colorectal cancer.
Ren, J; Wei, H; Yang, ZH; Yi, LJ; Zheng, JH, 2015)		1.29
"To observe the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy regimens oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine (CAPOX) or oxaliplatin combined with tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium capsules (S-1)(SOX), and to investigate the value of expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) proteins in tumor tissue for predicting the efficacy of CAPOX and SOX regimens in advanced gastric cancer patients."( [Comparison of the efficacy and safety of capecitabine or tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium capsules combined with oxaliplatin chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer].
Hui, H; Sun, S; Wan, Y; Wang, X; Wu, J, 2016)		0.87
" The expression levels of TP and DPD in tumor tissue can be used as a predictive factor for the efficacy of capecitabine or tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium capsules combined with oxaliplatin regimens."( [Comparison of the efficacy and safety of capecitabine or tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium capsules combined with oxaliplatin chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer].
Hui, H; Sun, S; Wan, Y; Wang, X; Wu, J, 2016)		0.87
" We confirmed that Huaier granules combined with Tegafur Gimeracil Oteracil Potassium could promote patient prognosis, with a better disease-free survival rate (51."( Huaier Granule Combined with Tegafur Gimeracil Oteracil Potassium Promotes Stage IIb Gastric Cancer Prognosis and Induces Gastric Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Regulating Livin.
Cai, GQ; Liao, GQ; Liu, S; Liu, WH; Qi, J; Xie, FJ; Yao, CY, 2020)		1.08
"To explore the application of evidence-based nursing intervention in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung by erlotinib combined with tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium (TS-1) and its influence on quality of life (QOL)."( Application of Evidence-Based Nursing Intervention in the Treatment of Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung by Erlotinib Combined with Tegafur, Gimeracil, and Oteracil Potassium and Its Influence on Quality of Life.
Fu, F; Huang, X; Liu, S; Wang, H; Wen, J, 2021)		1.01
"Application of evidence-based nursing intervention in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung by erlotinib combined with TS-1 can help patients to relieve pain, improve their psychological state, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, significantly improve the QOL, and also enhance the satisfaction of clinical nursing."( Application of Evidence-Based Nursing Intervention in the Treatment of Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung by Erlotinib Combined with Tegafur, Gimeracil, and Oteracil Potassium and Its Influence on Quality of Life.
Fu, F; Huang, X; Liu, S; Wang, H; Wen, J, 2021)		0.82

Bioavailability

Gimeracil, a DPD inhibitor, was checked whether it could reverse the reduced bioavailability of 5-FU. It is combined with gimeracin in order to increase its bioavailability and with oteracil to try to reduce its gastrointestinal toxicity.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Gimeracil, a DPD inhibitor, was checked whether it could reverse the reduced bioavailability of 5-FU."( The upregulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in liver is involved in acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil.
Cao, D; Chen, X; Ding, J; Dong, H; Du, Y; Ge, J; Li, LH; Liu, JY; Luo, WX; Men, HT; Tan, BX; Tang, J; Zhao, F, 2013)		1.3
" It is combined with gimeracil in order to increase its bioavailability and with oteracil to try to reduce its gastrointestinal toxicity."( Tegafur + gimeracil + oteracil. Just another fluorouracil precursor.
, 2013)		1.11
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" In the CDHP and Oxo treatment groups of rats, the only toxic signs were soft or diarrheal stools on the dosing day."( [Oral single-dose toxicity study of a new antineoplastic agent S-1, and its components, CDHP, and Oxo].
Hayashi, T; Hirota, T; Irimura, K; Ohmae, S; Tanaka, G, 1996)		0.29
"The developed model may be useful to optimize the dosage regimen of TS-1 under various clinical conditions."( Development of a pharmacokinetic model to optimize the dosage regimen of TS-1, a combination preparation of tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium.
Hori, S; Inoue, S; Ohtani, H; Sawada, Y; Tsujimoto, M, 2007)		0.55
"Our study suggested that the upregulation of DPD in liver may be involved in acquired resistance to 5-FU, and DPD inhibitors or increasing 5-FU dosage may have potential application in overcoming 5-FU acquired resistance."( The upregulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in liver is involved in acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil.
Cao, D; Chen, X; Ding, J; Dong, H; Du, Y; Ge, J; Li, LH; Liu, JY; Luo, WX; Men, HT; Tan, BX; Tang, J; Zhao, F, 2013)		0.39
"5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hrs after dosing in each period."( Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study between two formulations of S-1 in Korean gastric cancer patients.
Cho, K; Cho, S; Gwon, MR; Kang, WY; Kim, BK; Kim, JG; Lee, HW; Ohk, B; Seong, SJ; Sung, YK; Yoon, YR, 2019)		0.51
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
organic molecular entityAny molecular entity that contains carbon.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (2)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.07500.000714.592883.7951AID1259369
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.17780.035520.977089.1251AID504332
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (35)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (109)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's9 (8.26)18.2507
2000's26 (23.85)29.6817
2010's53 (48.62)24.3611
2020's21 (19.27)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 42.34

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index42.34 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.90 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.99 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index61.02 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (42.34)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials22 (19.82%)5.53%
Reviews8 (7.21%)6.00%
Case Studies18 (16.22%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other63 (56.76%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
beta-alanine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.0110coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
dihydrouracil
hexahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 5,6-dihydrouracil : A pyrimidine obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of uracil.		2.0510pyrimidoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		7.97112pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		7.0410imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		12.41459nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ifosfamide
[no description available]		3.2110ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		210C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
oxonic acid
Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.		18.9574201,3,5-triazines;
monocarboxylic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tegafur
[no description available]		14.558322organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.4220nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
uridine
[no description available]		2.1310uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
4-bromophenacyl bromide
4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure		2.0710
cyanuric acid
cyanuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocyanuric acid : The keto tautomer of cyanuric acid.. cyanuric acid : The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.		2.05101,3,5-triazinanes;
1,3,5-triazines;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound		xenobiotic
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.0510pyrrole;
secondary amine
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		3.110mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
fluorodeoxyuridylate
Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.		210pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		3.5320azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
diazomethane
Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.		2.0710diazo compoundalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
poison
dansyl chloride
dansyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0710aminonaphthalene;
sulfonic acid derivative
alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine
alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine: metabolite of HCFU & 5-fluorouracil; structure in first source		2.0510organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		8.73122pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		7.7530organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.3110titanium group element atom
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0210delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		7.4620taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
eniluracil
eniluracil: structure in first source; inactivates dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase		4.0120pyrimidone
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		5.551organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		2.0210carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		12.5492carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		2.13102-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
5-fluoropyrimidine
[no description available]		4.0310
uftoral
UFT(R) drug: a drug containing tegafur and uracil; a biochemical modulator of 5-fluorouracil; used for postoperative chemotherapy of colon cancer; reported to cause severe liver injury; do not confuse with 1-UFT protocol		4.0120
5-fluorodihydrouracil
5-fluorodihydrouracil: metabolite of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510pyrimidone
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.1931secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
erlotinib hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.5520hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
protein kinase inhibitor
carboplatin
[no description available]		2.0810
potassium oxonate
potassium oxonate: used to induce hyperuricemia in mice		6.2394organic molecular entity
su 11248
[no description available]		2.0510monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine
5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine: structure in first source		2.0210N-glycosyl compound
pirarubicin
[no description available]		3.511anthracycline
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.0110benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
2,4-dihydroxypyridine
[no description available]		2.0510pyridone
s 1 (combination)
S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer		10.733110
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		2.85305-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
guanine
[no description available]		3.53202-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
raltitrexed
[no description available]		3.110N-acyl-amino acid
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		3.5320N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		03.2310
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		03.2310
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		03.2310
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.3110
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		04.7861
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		02.3110
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		05.362
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		17.362
Recrudescence
[description not available]		02.4110
Biliary Tract Cancer
[description not available]		05.6632
Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		17.6632
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		04.63190
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		03.5240
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		17.3380
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		15.5240
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		08.65296
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		114.3811624
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		03.6411
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		05.6463
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		07.27104
Carcinoma, Thymic
[description not available]		03.6411
Cancer of the Thymus
[description not available]		03.6411
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		03.6411
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		17.6463
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		07.27104
Thymoma
A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.6411
Thymus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.		03.6411
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency
An autosomal recessive disorder affecting DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE and causing familial pyrimidinemia. It is characterized by thymine-uraciluria in homozygous deficient patients. Even a partial deficiency in the enzyme leaves individuals at risk for developing severe 5-FLUOROURACIL-associated toxicity.		07.2510
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		02.3110
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		02.3110
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		02.3110
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		04.4341
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		17.5882
Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema
[description not available]		02.1510
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		03.8921
Dermatitis Exfoliativa
[description not available]		02.1510
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		02.5520
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.1510
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		03.8921
Dermatitis, Exfoliative
The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1510
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.1510
Hand-Foot Syndrome
Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.		07.1510
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		03.8621
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		02.1510
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		02.1510
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		02.1510
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		02.1510
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		03.8621
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.9893
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		02.5220
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		17.9893
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		02.5320
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		02.5320
Infarct
[description not available]		02.0810
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.0810
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		02.0810
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
[description not available]		02.0810
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		02.0810
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic
An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases.		02.0810
Carcinoma, Large Cell
A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0810
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		02.0810
Cancer of the Tongue
[description not available]		02.0810
Tongue Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.		02.0810
Common Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.		02.110
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		04.7332
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		18.6496
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		05.3322
Cardiac Cancer
[description not available]		03.9121
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		03.0310
Cancer of Sigmoid
[description not available]		03.0310
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		03.0310
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.4620
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		02.4620
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		09.3340
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		18.73160
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		04.4222
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		03.5111
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		03.5111
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.1310
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.1310
Lentigines
[description not available]		02.1510
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.1510
Foot Dermatoses
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.		02.1510
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		02.1510
Lentigo
Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).		02.1510
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		06.9763
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		110.79126
Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous
An adenocarcinoma with a hard (Greek skirrhos, hard) structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		02.0510
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		02.0510
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		02.0610
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0610
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		14.0610
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		02.0610
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0610
Carcinoma, Colloid
[description not available]		03.4511
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		03.4511
Emesis
[description not available]		03.4511
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.4511
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		04.0931
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		03.4511
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		03.4511
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		06.121
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		02.7130
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		02.7130
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.0310
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.0310
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		03.4311
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		03.4311
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.0410
Cancer of Gallbladder
[description not available]		02.0410
Neoplasms, Bone Marrow
[description not available]		02.0410
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.0410
Gallbladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.		02.0410
Bone Marrow Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic.		02.0410
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		02.0410
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		02.0410
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		04.8540
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		04.8540
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.420
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		01.9910
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		01.9910
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		01.9910
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		01.9910