Page last updated: 2024-12-08

senicapoc

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

senicapoc: a Gardos channel blocker; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	216327
CHEMBL ID	405821
SCHEMBL ID	1443805
MeSH ID	M0535758

Synonyms (46)

Synonym
HY-50694
ica17043
gtpl2331
senicapoc
ica-17043
289656-45-7
senicapoc (usan)
D06640
bis(4-fluorophenyl)phenylacetamide
2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2-phenylacetamide
CHEMBL405821
pf-05416266
FT-0660387
AKOS007930800
SCHEMBL1443805
A822267
2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2-phenyl-ethanamide
unii-ts6g201a6q
4-fluoro-alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-alpha-phenylbenzeneacetamide
benzeneacetamide, 4-fluoro-alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-alpha-phenyl-
ts6g201a6q ,
senicapoc [usan:inn]
bdbm50371391
CS-0294
c20h15f2no
senicapoc [inn]
senicapoc [who-dd]
senicapoc [usan]
senicapoc [mart.]
SCTZUZTYRMOMKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
ica 17043
DTXSID60276906
C74487
BBL102413
STL556215
4-methyl-1h-pyrrole-2-carboxylic?acid
DB06280
BCP14507
Q7450628
mfcd09027349
AMY2744
MS-20434
HMS3741E13
AU-004/43508060
A904983
SY291889

Research Excerpts

Effects

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Senicapoc, which has previously been in Phase III clinical trials, would be available for repurposing, and could be used to quickly translate findings made with other KCa3.1 blocking tool compounds into clinical trials."	( KCa3.1 Channel Modulators as Potential Therapeutic Compounds for Glioblastoma. Brown, BM; Pressley, B; Wulff, H, 2018)	1.92

Treatment

Senicapoc-treated sheep also demonstrated reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, requiring a significantly higher dose of carbachol to increase resistance by 100% compared to allergen-challenged vehicle-control sheep.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Senicapoc-treated sheep also demonstrated reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, requiring a significantly higher dose of carbachol to increase resistance by 100% compared to allergen-challenged vehicle-control sheep (20±5 vs."	( K(Ca)3.1 channel-blockade attenuates airway pathophysiology in a sheep model of chronic asthma. Barcham, G; Barker, D; Bradding, P; Castle, N; Koumoundouros, E; Snibson, K; Sum, G; Van Der Velden, J; Wulff, H, 2013)	1.11
"Senicapoc treatment suppressed P."	( The Clinically Tested Gardos Channel Inhibitor Senicapoc Exhibits Antimalarial Activity. Alper, SL; Bei, AK; Brugnara, C; Duraisingh, MT; Mejia, P; Mitchell, JR; Shmukler, BE; Tubman, VN, 2016)	1.41
"Treatment with Senicapoc decreased palmitic acid-driven HepG2 cell death."	( Anti-steatotic and anti-fibrotic effects of the KCa3.1 channel inhibitor, Senicapoc, in non-alcoholic liver disease. Duan, B; Goldberg, ID; Hao, YJ; Jiang, K; Jung, D; Li, JS; McCormack, S; Narayan, P; Paka, L; Shi, J; Smith, DE; Yamin, M; Zhou, P, 2017)	1.03

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Finally, senicapoc was safe and well tolerated."	( Efficacy and safety of the Gardos channel blocker, senicapoc (ICA-17043), in patients with sickle cell anemia. Ataga, KI; Castro, O; De Castro, LM; Kutlar, A; Orringer, EP; Rigdon, GC; Saunthararajah, Y; Smith, WR; Stocker, JW; Swerdlow, P; Vichinsky, E, 2008)	1

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This study rationally devised strategies to increase drug bioavailability by increasing ocular surface residence time of drug-loaded nanoliposomes dispersed within thermo-sensitive hydrogels (Pluronic F-127)."	( Topical Delivery of Senicapoc Nanoliposomal Formulation for Ocular Surface Treatments. Bose, T; Chandy, GK; Hou, A; Huang, Y; Lui, YS; Phua, JL; Tong, L; Venkatraman, S, 2018)	0.8

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" With the long half-life of ICA-17043 demonstrated in this study, once-daily dosing is probably adequate to maintain steady-state plasma concentrations."	( Dose-escalation study of ICA-17043 in patients with sickle cell disease. Ataga, KI; Davis, GA; Desimone, PA; Orringer, EP; Stocker, JW; Styles, L; Swerdlow, P; Vichinsky, EP, 2006)	0.33

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (11)

Inhibition Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.6727	0.0060	0.0797	0.3600	AID315276; AID726261; AID726263
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.0000	0.0300	3.7300	9.0000	AID726259
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.0000	0.0023	2.8296	9.0000	AID726292
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.0000	0.0001	3.5075	10.0000	AID726289
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.0000	0.1200	4.0480	10.0000	AID726258
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.0000	0.0009	1.9014	10.0000	AID726260
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.0000	0.0060	2.7749	9.0000	AID726285
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.0000	0.0000	3.7401	10.0000	AID726290
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.0000	0.0053	2.8085	9.0000	AID726291
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.0000	0.0011	3.4705	9.0000	AID726288
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (117)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
immune system process	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transport	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transport	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cell volume homeostasis	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
stabilization of membrane potential	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid translocation	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
saliva secretion	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretion	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of localization in cell	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transport	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transport	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathway	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
response to mechanical stimulus	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic substance	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hydrogen peroxide	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transport	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homooligomerization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasis	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hyperoxia	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane hyperpolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transport	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during bundle of His cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during SA node cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of myoblast proliferation	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transport	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
adult walking behavior	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potential propagation	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potential	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nerve development	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular process controlling posture	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of localization in cell	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during action potential	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transport	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transport	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
muscle contraction	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transport	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by action potential	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic process	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heart development	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of sound	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic behavior	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contraction	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart rate	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
iodide transport	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
erythrocyte differentiation	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular chloride ion homeostasis	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
social behavior	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
corticosterone secretion	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear morphogenesis	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear development	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intestinal absorption	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasis	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contraction	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
auditory receptor cell development	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gastric acid secretion	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
stomach development	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
renal absorption	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
renal sodium ion absorption	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMP	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transport	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epinephrine stimulus	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell contraction	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
non-motile cilium assembly	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by hormone	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasis	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contraction	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transport	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cell cycle	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA splicing, via spliceosome	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to kinetochore	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transport	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
post-embryonic development	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transport	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to pain	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transport	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potential	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
dentate gyrus development	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nerve development	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
myelination	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transport	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transport	Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to pain	Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction	Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transport	Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transport	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
peripheral nervous system development	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potential	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
optic nerve development	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
myelination	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transport	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (34)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
potassium channel activity	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-activated potassium channel activity	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase binding	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
outward rectifier potassium channel activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-actinin binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potential repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 1 binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
outward rectifier potassium channel activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
C3HC4-type RING finger domain binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity	Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion binding	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (51)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytosol	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
vesicle	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complex	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
intercalated disc	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
Z disc	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculus	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complex	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium channel complex	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
intercalated disc	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
intercalated disc	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
Z disc	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
T-tubule	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
node of Ranvier	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
axon initial segment	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel complex	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel complex	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
late endosome	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complex	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport vesicle	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary base	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral part of cell	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion channel complex	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complex	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel complex	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear chromosome	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle pole	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
U2-type precatalytic spliceosome	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Protein Red	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel complex	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
intercalated disc	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
T-tubule	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
node of Ranvier	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
paranode region of axon	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel complex	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcoplasm	Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel complex	Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
Z disc	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cell junction	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
node of Ranvier	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
axon initial segment	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membrane	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel complex	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (27)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID726260	Inhibition of human ERG channel	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID726261	Inhibition of gardos channel (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID726292	Inhibition of voltage-gated Na channel 1.1 (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID315297	Effect on hematocrit levels in SAD1 mouse model at 10 mg/kg, po bid after 21 days	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID726289	Inhibition of voltage-gated Na channel 1.4 (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID315276	Inhibition of Gardos channel in human RBC assessed as inhibition of ionomycin-stimulated [86Rb] efflux	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID726290	Inhibition of voltage-gated Na channel 1.2 (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID726288	Inhibition of voltage-gated Na channel 1.6 (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID315277	Intrinsic clearance in rat liver microsome S9 fraction as % compound remaining after incubation	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID315294	Effect on mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in SAD1 mouse model at 10 mg/kg, po bid after 11 days	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID315279	Bioavailability in Sprague-Dawley rat at 1 mg/kg, iv or 10 mg/kg, po	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID315282	Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat at 1 mg/kg, iv or 10 mg/kg, po	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID726259	Inhibition of voltage-gated K channel 1.5 (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID315278	Solubility by shake-flask method	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID315281	Tmax in Sprague-Dawley rat at 1 mg/kg, iv or 10 mg/kg, po	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID726291	Inhibition of voltage-gated Na channel 1.3 (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID726263	Inhibition of Kca 3.1 (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID726285	Inhibition of voltage-gated Na channel 1.7 (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID315280	Half life in Sprague-Dawley rat at 1 mg/kg, iv or 10 mg/kg, po	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID315284	Inhibition of CYP3A4 at 10 uM	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID315293	Effect on gardos channel activity in SAD1 mouse model at 10 mg/kg, po bid after 21 days	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID315296	Effect on hematocrit levels in SAD1 mouse model at 10 mg/kg, po bid after 11 days	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID315295	Effect on mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in SAD1 mouse model at 10 mg/kg, po bid after 21 days	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID726258	Inhibition of voltage-gated K channel 7.1 (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID315292	Effect on gardos channel activity in SAD1 mouse model at 10 mg/kg, po bid after 11 days	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
AID726257	Inhibition of IK (unknown origin)	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Ion channels as therapeutic targets: a drug discovery perspective.
AID1346444	Human KCa3.1 (Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels)	2003	Blood, Mar-15, Volume: 101, Issue:6	ICA-17043, a novel Gardos channel blocker, prevents sickled red blood cell dehydration in vitro and in vivo in SAD mice.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (41)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	8 (19.51)	29.6817
2010's	23 (56.10)	24.3611
2020's	10 (24.39)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 30.79

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	30.79 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.83 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.95 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	39.34 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (30.79)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	3 (7.14%)	5.53%
Reviews	10 (23.81%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	29 (69.05%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	2.25	1	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carnitine [no description available]	3.13	1	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.15	1	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	3.18	1	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
clotrimazole [no description available]	8.92	4	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	3.18	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
etilefrine Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.	3.13	1	phenols
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	3.18	1	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	3.18	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
hydroxyurea [no description available]	5.49	4	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	3.18	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
norfluoxetine norfluoxetine: metabolite of fluoxetine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.18	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	4.75	3	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	7.25	1	phthalimides; piperidones
zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.	3.18	1	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.08	1	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.21	1	pyrrole; secondary amine
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.31	1	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.94	1	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	3.18	1	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	5.21	4	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.13	1	1,2,3-triazole
triphenylacetic acid [no description available]	2.04	1
5-fluorowillardiine 5-fluorowillardiine: a glutamate agonist; RN given for (S)-isomer. 3-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : An alanine derivative that is L-alanine bearing a 5-fluorouracil-1-yl substituent at position 3. A more potent and selective AMPA receptor agonist (at hGluR1 and hGluR2) than AMPA itself (Ki = 14.7, 25.1, and 1820 nM for hGluR1, hGluR2 and hGluR5 respectively).	3.18	1	L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organofluorine compound	AMPA receptor agonist
ly 293558 tezampanel: structure given in first source; an AMPA receptor antagonist	3.18	1
varenicline Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.	3.18	1
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	3.13	1	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	3.18	1
lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.	3.18	1	N-acyl-amino acid
decitabine [no description available]	2.94	1	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
tram 34 TRAM 34: inhibits IKCa1; structure in first source	3.91	3	organochlorine compound
hc 030031 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide: a TRPA1 channel blocker	3.18	1
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	2.15	1	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
rn 1734 RN 1734: a TRPV4 antagonist; structure in first source	3.18	1
l 655,708 [no description available]	3.18	1
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	2.93	1	alkali metal atom
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	2.08	1	boron group element atom
5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen 5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen: structure in first source. psora 4 : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a 4-phenylbutoxy group at position 5. It is a potent inhibitor of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 (EC50 = 3 nM).	3.18	1	aromatic ether; benzenes; psoralens	geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; potassium channel blocker
5-ia-85380 [no description available]	3.18	1	aromatic ether
mrk 016 MRK 016: an inverse agonist of GABA(A) alpha5 receptors; structure in first source	3.18	1
ispronicline ispronicline: a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator; has antidepressant, neuroprotective, and cognitive effects; structure in first source	3.18	1
l 838,417 L 838,417: structure in first source	3.18	1
bibw 2992 [no description available]	2.21	1	aromatic ether; enamide; furans; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinazolines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
a-317567 A-317567: acid sensing ion channel blocker; structure in first source	3.18	1
tetrodotoxin [no description available]	3.18	1
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	2.25	1	BODIPY compound
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	2.06	1	polypeptide
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.21	1

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
HbS Disease [description not available]	0	10.64	16	3
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	1	12.64	16	3
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	2.93	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.9	3	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	3.9	3	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	2.6	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	2.6	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	2.6	1	0
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.26	5	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	2.58	2	0
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	0	2.25	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	2.25	1	0
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	0	2.25	1	0
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	5.09	3	1
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	10.09	3	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	3.23	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	2.17	1	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	0	2.17	1	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	2.15	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	2.15	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	2.15	1	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	0	2.15	1	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	4.96	4	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	2.21	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	0	2.08	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	1	4.08	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	2.08	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	0	2.1	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Edema, Fetal [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.	0	2.54	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	0	2.15	1	0
Ache [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	3.85	2	1
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	0	2.08	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	3.82	2	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	0	3.82	2	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	0	2.94	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	2.94	1	0
Priapism A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.	0	2.94	1	0

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