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insulin glargine

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Description

Insulin Glargine: A recombinant LONG ACTING INSULIN and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID118984454
MeSH IDM0361589

Synonyms (24)

Synonym
160337-95-1
insulin glargine
lantus r
hoe 901
mk-1293
hoe 71gt
glargine
insulin (human), 21(sup a)-glycine-30(sup b)a-l-arginine-30(sup b)b-l-arginine-
2zm8cx04rz ,
ly 2963016
lantus solostar
optisulin
lusduna nexvue
toujeo solostar
basaglar
toujeo
insulin glargine [usan:inn:ban]
21(sup a)-glycine-30(supp b)a-l-arginine-30(supp b)b-l-arginineinsulin (human)
a21-gly-b31-arg-b32-arg-insulin
21(sup a)-glycine-30(sup b)a-l-arginine-30(sup b)b-l-arginine insulin (human)
solostar [insulin delivery pen]
solostar
insulin, glycyl(a21)-arginyl(b31,b32)-
unii-2zm8cx04rz

Research Excerpts

Overview

Insulin glargine (IGla) is a synthetic human-recombinant insulin analog that is used routinely in people as a q24h basal insulin. It is a long-acting analogue of human insulin that has been used to manage hyperglycemia for nearly 20 years.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Insulin glargine (IGla) is a synthetic human-recombinant insulin analog that is used routinely in people as a q24h basal insulin. "( Comparison of pharmacodynamics between insulin glargine 100 U/mL and insulin glargine 300 U/mL in healthy cats.
Culp, WTN; Gilor, C; Johnson, AE; Leale, DM; Owens, JG; Pires, J; Quach, N; Saini, NK; Samms, RJ; Wasik, B, 2021
)
2.33
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting analogue of human insulin that has been used to manage hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) for nearly 20 years. "( Physicochemical and functional characterization of MYL-1501D, a proposed biosimilar to insulin glargine.
Almeida, F; Annegowda, S; Barve, A; Bhattacharya, A; Gouda, S; Goyal, P; Jyothirmai, K; Karudumpa, UR; Khyade, SG; Kodali, P; Mane, K; Melarkode, R; Mohan, S; Moole, PR; More, DC; Nair, PS; Pai, HV; Palande, M; Ranayhossaini, DJ; Saxena, S; Smith, JP; Ullanat, R; Vajpai, N; Vats, B; Veerabhadraia, AB, 2021
)
2.29
"Insulin glargine is a clinically superior and cost-effective alternative to sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled with metformin."( Cost-effectiveness of insulin glargine versus sitagliptin in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Brown, ST; Grima, DG; Sauriol, L, 2014
)
2.16
"Insulin glargine is a slow acting analog of insulin used in diabetes therapy. "( Disruption of KEX1 gene reduces the proteolytic degradation of secreted two-chain Insulin glargine in Pichia pastoris.
Chatterjee, A; Govindappa, N; Krishnaiah, SM; Mallikarjun, N; Sastry, KN; Shyam Mohan, AH; Sreenivas, S, 2016
)
2.1
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting human insulin analog often administered at bedtime to patients with type 2 diabetes. "( Nocturnal glucose metabolism after bedtime injection of insulin glargine or neutral protamine hagedorn insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Bretzel, RG; Eckhard, M; Ehl, J; Fischer, B; Kunz, C; Linn, T; Soydan, N, 2008
)
2.03
"Insulin glargine is a once-daily basal insulin analog with prolonged duration of action and absence of an evident peak. "( Use of glargine in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.
Accidenti, M; Amato, MC; Criscimanna, A; Galluzzo, A; Gambina, M; Giordano, C; Imbergamo, MP; Sciortino, G, 2008
)
1.79
"Insulin glargine appears to be an effective insulin analogue for use in women whose pregnancies are complicated by diabetes."( Insulin glargine versus neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin for treatment of diabetes in pregnancy.
Manuck, TA; Merrill, DC; Smith, JG; White, J, 2009
)
2.52
"Insulin glargine (Lantus) is an extended-action insulin analog with greater stability and duration of action than regular human insulin. "( Insulin glargine safety in pregnancy: a transplacental transfer study.
Feig, DS; Koren, G; Lubetsky, A; Pollex, EK; Yip, PM, 2010
)
3.25
"Insulin glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting basal insulin analog that demonstrates effective day-long glycemic control and a lower incidence of hypoglycemia than NPH insulin. "( In vitro metabolic and mitogenic signaling of insulin glargine and its metabolites.
Habermann, P; Kurrle, R; Müller, G; Seipke, G; Sommerfeld, MR; Tennagels, N; Tschank, G, 2010
)
2.06
"Insulin glargine is a relatively new medication in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and there have only been six case reports of overdoses in the literature with this specific insulin."( Lantus insulin overdose: a case report.
Inboriboon, PC; Lu, M, 2011
)
1.81
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin that can cause prolonged hypoglycemia when misdosed or overdosed subcutaneously. "( Intravenous overdose of insulin glargine without prolonged hypoglycemic effects.
Gutovitz, S; Thornton, S, 2012
)
2.13
"Insulin glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting, human insulin analogue that has been specifically designed to overcome the deficiencies of traditionally available 'intermediate-acting' insulins that are currently used for basal insulin supplementation. "( Insulin glargine (Lantus).
Griffiths, S; Owens, DR,
)
3.02
"Insulin glargine is an innovative, long-acting human insulin analogue, whose prolonged mean activity profile has no pronounced peak. "( An overview of insulin glargine.
Ashwell, SG; Home, PD,
)
1.93
"Insulin glargine is a novel, long-acting human insulin analog that is indicated in type 1 diabetic patients aged >or=6, or in type 2 diabetic patients who require basal insulin for glycemic control."( Insulin glargine: a new once-daily basal insulin for the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Lam, S,
)
2.3
"Insulin glargine is a human insulin analogue prepared by recombinant DNA technology. "( Insulin glargine: an updated review of its use in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Dunn, CJ; Keating, GM; McKeage, K; Plosker, GL; Scott, LJ, 2003
)
3.2
"Insulin glargine (Lantus) is a human insulin analogue produced by recombinant DNA technology and recently launched by Aventis. "( [Medication of the month. Insulin glargine (Lantus)].
Scheen, AJ, 2004
)
2.07
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analogue, with a longer duration of action and a flatter time-action profile compared with NPH insulin. "( Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: role of the long-acting insulin glargine analogue.
Yki-Järvinen, H, 2004
)
2.01
"Insulin glargine is a new extended-action recombinant insulin analog, which is absorbed slowly into the bloodstream, reaching peak action in about 4 h and maintaining this concentration profil for 24-30 h."( [New methods in insulin treatment].
Neuwirth, G, 2005
)
1.05
"Insulin glargine is a recombinant human insulin analog produced by DNA technology using a nonpathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. "( Spotlight on insulin glargine in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
Goa, KL; McKeage, K, 2002
)
2.13
"Insulin glargine (LANTUS) is a once-daily basal insulin analog with a smooth 24-h time-action profile that provides effective glycemic control with reduced hypoglycemia risk (particularly nocturnal) compared with NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. "( Reduced hypoglycemia risk with insulin glargine: a meta-analysis comparing insulin glargine with human NPH insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Dailey, G; Fritsche, A; Lin, Z; Massi-Benedetti, M; Rosenstock, J; Salzman, A, 2005
)
2.06
"Insulin glargine is an efficacious treatment to improve metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. "( Therapy with insulin glargine (Lantus) in toddlers, children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Alonso, M; Alvarez, MA; Barrio, R; Colino, E; Golmayo, L; López-Capapé, M, 2005
)
2.14
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analogue providing a more predictable and reproducible circulating insulin profile than other available basal insulin products. "( PHARMAC and long-acting insulin analogues: a poor man's insulin pump--but not available to the poor man.
Krebs, J, 2005
)
1.77
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analogue with favourable clinical characteristics. "( Early hypoglycaemia after accidental intramuscular injection of insulin glargine.
Boehm, BO; Karges, B; Karges, W, 2005
)
2.01
"Insulin glargine is a new long-acting insulin analog with a duration of action of 24 hours and can be given once a day as the only basal insulin combined with short or rapid-acting insulin as bolus insulin for each meal. "( Preliminary data of insulin glargine use among Thai adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated at Siriraj Hospital.
Kiattisakthavee, P; Likitmaskul, S; Santiprabhob, J; Sawathiparnich, P, 2005
)
2.09
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting (up to 24-hour duration of effect), parenteral blood glucose-lowering agent."( Injection of acidic or neutral insulin and pain: a single-center, prospective, controlled, noninterventional study in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Debatin, KM; Heinze, E; Karges, B; Karges, W; Moritz, M; Muche, R; Riegger, I; Wabitsch, M, 2006
)
1.06
"Insulin glargine is an analogue of human insulin that is modified to provide a consistent level of plasma insulin over a long duration. "( Insulin glargine in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Barnett, AH, 2006
)
3.22
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analog that mimics normal basal insulin secretion without pronounced peaks. "( [Comparison between basal insulin glargine and NPH insulin in patients with diabetes type 1 on conventional intensive insulin therapy].
Antić, S; Dimić, D; Pesić, M; Radenković, S; Velojić, M; Zivić, S, 2007
)
2.08
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analogue increasingly used instead of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in young subjects with type 1 diabetes."( Basal insulin switch from NPH to glargine in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Päivärinta, M; Tapanainen, P; Veijola, R, 2008
)
1.79
"Insulin glargine is an extended-action biosynthetic human insulin. "( Insulin glargine.
Figgitt, DP; Gillies, PS; Lamb, HM, 2000
)
3.19
"Insulin glargine is a recombinant human insulin analogue produced by DNA technology using a nonpathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. "( Insulin glargine: a review of its therapeutic use as a long-acting agent for the management of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
Goa, KL; McKeage, K, 2001
)
3.2
"Insulin glargine is a new extended-action insulin analogue, created by recombinant DNA modification of human insulin. "( Insulin glargine: the first clinically useful extended-action insulin analogue.
Ashwell, SG; Home, PD, 2001
)
3.2
"Insulin glargine is a new long-acting formulation that can provide prolonged basal glucose control in patients with diabetes mellitus."( Insulin glargine: a new long-acting insulin product.
Panning, CA; Reinhart, L, 2002
)
2.48
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting, recombinant human insulin analog that is given once daily as a basal source of insulin in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. "( Insulin glargine: a new basal insulin.
Baker, DE; Campbell, RK; Levien, TL; White, JR, 2002
)
3.2
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analog capable of providing 24-hour basal insulin coverage when administered once daily at bedtime. "( Insulin glargine: a new basal insulin.
Baker, DE; Campbell, RK; Levien, TL; White, JR, 2002
)
3.2
"Insulin glargine (LANTUS) is a new, long-acting insulin analogue with a stable profile of action. "( Evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of insulin glargine (LANTUS) in rats and mice.
Bube, A; Donaubauer, H; Durchfeld-Meyer, B; Stammberger, I; Troschau, G,
)
1.84
"Insulin glargine (LANTUS) is a new insulin analog that has a prolonged duration of action with no pronounced peak of activity, rendering it an ideal basal insulin for the treatment of diabetes. "( Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity and embryotoxicity of insulin glargine (LANTUS) in rats and rabbits.
Hofmann, T; Horstmann, G; Stammberger, I,
)
1.81
"Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analogue that is metabolically active for at least 24 h. "( No evidence for accumulation of insulin glargine (LANTUS): a multiple injection study in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
Bott, S; Dressler, A; Heinemann, L; Heise, T; Rave, K; Rosskamp, R, 2002
)
2.04

Effects

Insulin glargine has a relatively constant concentration-time profile that mimics basal levels of insulin and allows for once-daily administration. The drug has demonstrated its usefulness in diabetes type 2, specifically a lower incidence of (nocturnal) hypoglycaemia compared to isophane insulin.

Insulin glargine has been registered for use in New Zealand since June 2001. Currently remains unsubsidised by PHARMAC. Has been associated with less nocturnal hypoglycemia.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Insulin glargine has a relatively constant concentration-time profile that mimics basal levels of insulin and allows for once-daily administration."( Physicochemical and functional characterization of MYL-1501D, a proposed biosimilar to insulin glargine.
Almeida, F; Annegowda, S; Barve, A; Bhattacharya, A; Gouda, S; Goyal, P; Jyothirmai, K; Karudumpa, UR; Khyade, SG; Kodali, P; Mane, K; Melarkode, R; Mohan, S; Moole, PR; More, DC; Nair, PS; Pai, HV; Palande, M; Ranayhossaini, DJ; Saxena, S; Smith, JP; Ullanat, R; Vajpai, N; Vats, B; Veerabhadraia, AB, 2021
)
1.57
"Insulin glargine 300 U/mL has a more stable and prolonged pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile than insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Lantus(®)), with a duration of glucose-lowering activity exceeding 24 h."( Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL: A Review in Diabetes Mellitus.
Blair, HA; Keating, GM, 2016
)
2.6
"Insulin glargine U-300 has a similar efficacy profile to insulin glargine U-100 for glycemic control, yet with lower rates of nocturnal and severe hypoglycemia."( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL.
Clements, JN; Shealy, KM; Threatt, T; Ward, E, 2017
)
1.43
"Insulin glargine has a long duration of action and has demonstrated its usefulness in diabetes type 2, specifically a lower incidence of (nocturnal) hypoglycaemia compared to isophane insulin, in clinical practice."( [Long-acting insulin analogs: progressing slowly].
Hoekstra, JB; Holleman, F, 2004
)
1.04
"Insulin glargine has a slower onset of action than human neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, a longer duration of action (up to 24 hours), and no pronounced peak. "( Insulin glargine.
Baker, D; Campbell, RK; Levien, T; White, JR, 2001
)
3.2
"Insulin glargine has a slower onset of action than NPH insulin and a longer duration of action with no peak activity."( Insulin glargine: a new basal insulin.
Baker, DE; Campbell, RK; Levien, TL; White, JR, 2002
)
2.48
"Insulin glargine has been associated with less nocturnal hypoglycemia and improved treatment satisfaction in several clinical trials with durations of < 52 weeks."( Insulin glargine: a new once-daily basal insulin for the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Lam, S,
)
2.3
"Insulin glargine has been registered for use in New Zealand since June 2001, but currently remains unsubsidised by PHARMAC."( PHARMAC and long-acting insulin analogues: a poor man's insulin pump--but not available to the poor man.
Krebs, J, 2005
)
1.05

Actions

Insulin glargine has a slower onset of action than human neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, a longer duration of action (up to 24 hours), and no pronounced peak. Use did not increase the risk of overall cancer incidence as compared with HI.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Insulin glargine could inhibit the proliferation of omental preadipocytes, and enhance the differentiation of subcutaneous and omental preadipocytes."( [Primary culturing and effects of insulin glargine on proliferation, differentiation of human preadipocytes from subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue].
Jiang, W; Li, XF; Lu, HY; Mu, PW; Zeng, LY, 2013
)
2.11
"Insulin glargine use did not increase the risk of overall cancer incidence as compared with HI. "( Cancer risk associated with insulin glargine among adult type 2 diabetes patients--a nationwide cohort study.
Chang, CH; Chen, ST; Chuang, LM; Kuo, CW; Lai, MS; Lin, JW; Toh, S, 2011
)
2.11
"Insulin glargine did not cause severe hypoglycemia in this study."( Preliminary data of insulin glargine use among Thai adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated at Siriraj Hospital.
Kiattisakthavee, P; Likitmaskul, S; Santiprabhob, J; Sawathiparnich, P, 2005
)
1.37
"Insulin glargine has a slower onset of action than human neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, a longer duration of action (up to 24 hours), and no pronounced peak. "( Insulin glargine.
Baker, D; Campbell, RK; Levien, T; White, JR, 2001
)
3.2
"Insulin glargine has a slower onset of action than NPH insulin and a longer duration of action with no peak activity."( Insulin glargine: a new basal insulin.
Baker, DE; Campbell, RK; Levien, TL; White, JR, 2002
)
2.48

Treatment

Treatment with insulin glargine resulted in significant reductions in glucose variability as measured by the SD of glucose values. The Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention trial provides information on the frequency and predictors of hypoglycemia in this setting.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Insulin glargine treatment did not result in significantly different epithelial colonic proliferation compared to NPH insulin (G, 137 ± 22; NPH, 136 ± 15; NaCl, 100 ± 20 (relative proliferation index)), but both insulin-treated groups of mice had a higher proliferation index compared to the NaCl control group (p<0.001)."( Insulin glargine and NPH insulin increase to a similar degree epithelial cell proliferation and aberrant crypt foci formation in colons of diabetic mice.
Göke, B; Hoeflich, A; Horst, D; Kolligs, FT; Langkamp, M; Mantzoros, CS; Nagel, JM; Renner-Müller, I; Staffa, J; Vogeser, M, 2010
)
2.52
"Insulin glargine treatment decreased urinary energetic loss, leading to a body weight gain of approximately 3 g/day."( Energy loss via urine and faeces--a combustive analysis in diabetic rats and the impact of antidiabetic treatment on body weight.
Elvert, R; Glombik, H; Herling, AW; Wandschneider, J; Werner, U; Wille, A, 2013
)
1.11
"Insulin glargine treatment was also associated with a significant decrease in the variability of fasting blood glucose values (P = 0.0124)."( A 16-week comparison of the novel insulin analog insulin glargine (HOE 901) and NPH human insulin used with insulin lispro in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Bergenstal, R; Donley, D; Hallé, JP; Klaff, L; Mecca, T; Raskin, P, 2000
)
1.28
"Treatment with insulin glargine reduced the incidence of confirmed hypoglycaemia and confirmed nocturnal hypoglycaemia."( (Ultra-)long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Berghold, A; Engler, J; Horvath, K; Jeitler, K; Semlitsch, T; Siebenhofer, A, 2020
)
0.9
"Treatment with insulin glargine compared with standard care early in the course of dysglycemia in the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial provides information on the frequency and predictors of hypoglycemia in this setting."( Predictors of nonsevere and severe hypoglycemia during glucose-lowering treatment with insulin glargine or standard drugs in the ORIGIN trial.
, 2015
)
0.98
"Treatment with insulin glargine resulted in significant reductions in glucose variability as measured by the SD of glucose values (adjusted mean change from baseline to week 24: -13.4 mg/dl [-0.74 mmol/l]; P ( Comparison of glycemic variability associated with insulin glargine and intermediate-acting insulin when used as the basal component of multiple daily injections for adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Arslanian, S; Chase, HP; Tamborlane, WV; White, NH, 2009
)
0.96
"Treatment with insulin glargine resulted in a lower daily basal insulin dose and a lower number of injection site reactions.There was no significant difference in the variability of FPG or glucose values in 24-hour profiles between treatment groups."( Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Devries, JH; Hoekstra, JB; Holleman, F; Simon, AC; Swinnen, SG, 2011
)
1.02
"Treatment with insulin glargine and glulisine resulted in significant improvement in glycemic control compared with that achieved with the use of SSI alone. "( Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes (RABBIT 2 trial).
Ceron, M; Mejia, R; Palacio, A; Prieto, LM; Puig, A; Smiley, D; Umpierrez, GE; Zisman, A, 2007
)
0.69

Toxicity

No evidence has been documented for increased adverse fetal outcomes with the use of insulin glargine in pregnancy. LixiLan achieved statistically significant reductions to near-normal HbA1c levels with weight loss.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The pattern of adverse events and injection site reactions with HOE 901 was similar to that with NPH."( Efficacy and safety of HOE 901 versus NPH insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. The European Study Group of HOE 901 in type 1 diabetes.
Derobert, E; Eugène-Jolchine, I; Pieber, TR, 2000
)
0.31
" Insulin glargine was safe and effective in improving glycaemic control both in severe "T2DM" and in "secondary DM" patients."( Effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine in the therapy of complicated or secondary diabetes: clinical audit.
Bacchelli, M; Carapezzi, C; Ciardullo, AV; Daghio, MM, 2006
)
1.54
" The primary endpoint was serious adverse drug reactions (SADRs), including major hypoglycaemia."( Safety and efficacy of insulin detemir basal-bolus therapy in type 1 diabetes patients: 14-week data from the European cohort of the PREDICTIVE study.
Ackermann, RW; Dornhorst, A; Gallwitz, B; Honka, M; Lüddeke, HJ; Meriläinen, M; Sreenan, S, 2008
)
0.35
" plus single-dose insulin glargine regimen was safe for low-risk type 2 diabetic patients who insisted on fasting during Ramadan."( Repaglinide plus single-dose insulin glargine: a safe regimen for low-risk type 2 diabetic patients who insist on fasting in Ramadan.
Bakiner, O; Bozkirli, E; Demirag, NG; Ertorer, ME; Tutuncu, NB, 2009
)
0.98
"Intensive insulin treatment with MDI is feasible, safe and efficacious in general medicine wards."( Feasibility and safety of multiple daily insulin injections in general medicine wards.
Aminov, S; Bloemers, R; Buchs, AE; Horowitz, M; Ramot, Y; Rapoport, MJ; Shiloah, E, 2009
)
0.35
" In conclusion, intensive blood glucose control is safe and effective in diabetic cats using home monitoring and treatment with glargine."( Intensive blood glucose control is safe and effective in diabetic cats using home monitoring and treatment with glargine.
Rand, J; Roomp, K, 2009
)
0.35
" The primary outcome was to maintain safe fasting glucose and random glucose levels of <350 and <500 mg/dL up to 4 weeks and <300 and <400 mg/dL, respectively, thereafter and to have no return ED visits (responders)."( Safe and simple emergency department discharge therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe hyperglycemia.
Babu, A; Chen, Z; Fogelfeld, L; Guerrero, P; Koh, CK; Mehta, A; Meyer, PM; Roberts, R; Schaider, J,
)
0.13
" Use of sulfonylurea alone once daily can be considered a safe discharge regimen for such patients and an effective bridge between ED intervention and subsequent follow-up."( Safe and simple emergency department discharge therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe hyperglycemia.
Babu, A; Chen, Z; Fogelfeld, L; Guerrero, P; Koh, CK; Mehta, A; Meyer, PM; Roberts, R; Schaider, J,
)
0.13
", Cambridge, MA) may be an efficacious and safe alternative to subcutaneously injected (SC) mealtime insulin."( Two-year efficacy and safety of AIR inhaled insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes: An open-label randomized controlled trial.
Berclaz, PY; Ferguson, JA; Gao, H; Garg, SK; Gates, JR; Mathieu, C; Rais, N; Tobian, JA; Webb, DM, 2009
)
0.35
" Safety assessments included hypoglycemic events, pulmonary function tests, adverse events, and insulin antibody levels."( Two-year efficacy and safety of AIR inhaled insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes: An open-label randomized controlled trial.
Berclaz, PY; Ferguson, JA; Gao, H; Garg, SK; Gates, JR; Mathieu, C; Rais, N; Tobian, JA; Webb, DM, 2009
)
0.35
" Some 62 participants reported 77 adverse events; none were related to a PTC."( Usability, participant acceptance, and safety of a prefilled insulin injection device in a 3-month observational survey in everyday clinical practice in Australia.
Beilin, J; Carter, J; De Luise, M; Morton, A, 2009
)
0.35
" Data on patient satisfaction, product technical complaints, and adverse effects were reported."( An analysis of patient acceptance and safety of a prefilled insulin injection device.
Kroon, L, 2009
)
0.35
" Metformin plus glargine or plus neutral protamine Hagedorn is a safe and effective therapeutic choice for type 2 diabetes mellitus cases with poor glycaemic control; moreover, metformin plus neutral protamine is a cheaper and effective choice."( [Comparison on efficacy and safety of two regimens for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: glargine plus metformin versus neutral protamine hagedorn plus metformin].
Hu, M; Luo, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, L, 2010
)
0.36
"No evidence has been documented for increased adverse fetal outcomes with the use of insulin glargine in pregnancy compared to the use of NPH insulin."( Safety of insulin glargine use in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Feig, DS; Koren, G; Moretti, ME; Pollex, E, 2011
)
1
"Both insulin glargine and detemir improved HbA(1c) at short-term and proved to be safe and well tolerated in children and adolescents with type 1 DM."( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine and insulin detemir with NPH insulin in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus receiving intensive insulin therapy.
Dündar, BN; Dündar, N; Eren, E, 2009
)
1.13
" Adverse event profiles were similar across groups."( The efficacy and safety of insulin degludec given in variable once-daily dosing intervals compared with insulin glargine and insulin degludec dosed at the same time daily: a 26-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, treat-to-target trial in individ
Atkin, SL; Bain, S; Begtrup, K; Birkeland, KI; Blonde, L; Gough, SC; Johansen, T; Meneghini, L; Raz, I; Shestakova, M, 2013
)
0.6
"This analysis suggests that insulin glargine may represent a safe option to improve glycemic control in older patients with T2DM."( Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine compared to other interventions in younger and older adults: a pooled analysis of nine open-label, randomized controlled trials in patients with type 2 diabetes.
DiGenio, A; Gao, L; Pandya, N; Patel, M, 2013
)
0.99
"Results of this pilot indicate that treatment with sitagliptin alone or in combination with basal insulin is safe and effective for the management of hyperglycemia in general medicine and surgery patients with T2D."( Safety and efficacy of sitagliptin therapy for the inpatient management of general medicine and surgery patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot, randomized, controlled study.
Farrokhi, F; Gianchandani, R; Jacobs, S; Lathkar-Pradhan, S; Newton, C; Pasquel, F; Peng, L; Reyes, D; Smiley, D; Umpierrez, GE; Wesorick, DH, 2013
)
0.39
" No serious adverse drug reactions were reported."( Safety and effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in people with type 2 diabetes switching from basal-bolus insulin regimens in the A1chieve study.
Almaghamsi, A; Chen, JW; Chuang, LM; Dieuzeide, G; Lavalle-González, FJ; Zilov, A, 2014
)
0.4
" We conclude that this treatment intensification approach may be useful, efficient, and safe in daily clinical practice for patients with type 2 diabetes."( Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine added to a fixed-dose combination of metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: results of the GOLD observational study.
Bramlage, P; Pegelow, K; Seufert, J, 2013
)
0.7
"Aspart, glargine, and detemir are safe treatment options for diabetes during pregnancy; these insulin analogs did not increase complications for the mothers or fetuses in our study."( Safety of insulin analogs during pregnancy: a meta-analysis.
Lv, S; Wang, J; Xu, Y, 2015
)
0.42
" Changes from baseline in gastric emptying, 24-h plasma glucose profile, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 24-h ambulatory heart rate and blood pressure, amylase and lipase levels, and adverse events (AEs) were also assessed."( Contrasting Effects of Lixisenatide and Liraglutide on Postprandial Glycemic Control, Gastric Emptying, and Safety Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Optimized Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial.
Coester, HV; Delfolie, A; Forst, T; Hincelin-Méry, A; Kapitza, C; Meier, JJ; Menge, BA; Rosenstock, J; Roy-Duval, C, 2015
)
0.61
" Adverse events, allergic reactions, weight change, hypoglycaemia and insulin antibodies were similar between treatment groups."( Similar efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine and insulin glargine (Lantus®) in patients with type 2 diabetes who were insulin-naïve or previously treated with insulin glargine: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial (the ELEMENT 2 study)
Bhargava, A; Hollander, P; Huster, WJ; Ilag, LL; Pollom, RK; Prince, MJ; Rosenstock, J; Zielonka, JS, 2015
)
0.68
" At 52 weeks, similar findings were observed between LY IGlar and IGlar for safety outcomes, including adverse events, allergic reactions, hypoglycaemia, weight change and insulin antibodies."( Efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine compared with insulin glargine (Lantus®) in patients with type 1 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial: the ELEMENT 1 study.
Blevins, TC; Dahl, D; Huster, WJ; Ilag, LL; Pollom, RK; Prince, MJ; Rosenstock, J; Zielonka, JS, 2015
)
0.7
"5 mg, compared with daily insulin glargine without forced titration, demonstrated greater HbA1c reduction and weight loss, with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events and a lower risk of hypoglycemia."( Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin and Glimepiride (AWARD-2).
Benroubi, M; Giorgino, F; Pechtner, V; Sun, JH; Zimmermann, AG, 2015
)
0.97
" The most frequent adverse events with dulaglutide treatment were nasopharyngitis and gastrointestinal symptoms."( Efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide in combination with sulphonylurea and/or biguanide compared with once-daily insulin glargine in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, open-label, phase III, non-inferiority study.
Araki, E; Imaoka, T; Inagaki, N; Oura, T; Takeuchi, M; Tanizawa, Y, 2015
)
0.62
" (5) No significant differences were observed in hypoglycemic episodes and adverse events between two groups."( [The efficacy and safety of human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c > 9].
Chen, C; Chen, P; Huang, Q; Shao, Z; Wang, S; Xu, X; Yan, L, 2015
)
0.42
" The prevalence of adverse events and the risk of hypoglycemia were similar for both groups."( A prospective, randomized, multicenter trial comparing the efficacy and safety of the concurrent use of long-acting insulin with mitiglinide or voglibose in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Baik, SH; Cha, BS; Jang, HC; Lee, IK; Lee, KW; Park, TS; Son, JW; Sung, YA; Woo, JT; Yoo, SJ; Yoon, KH, 2015
)
0.42
" This meta-analysis revealed the use of dulaglutide as a monotherapy or an add-on to OAM and lispro appeared to be effective and safe for adults with T2DM."( Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Tong, N; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y, 2016
)
0.43
" No statistically significant treatment differences were identified for efficacy and safety outcomes except for weight change (T1D), overall incidence of detectable insulin antibodies (T2D), and serious adverse events (T2D)."( Efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes previously treated with insulin glargine.
Chang, CL; Dahl, D; Hadjiyianni, I; Ilag, LL; Lacaya, LB; Pollom, RK, 2016
)
0.72
" Frequencies of hypoglycemia and adverse events did not differ between groups."( Efficacy and Safety of Flexible Versus Fixed Dosing Intervals of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL in People with Type 2 Diabetes.
Bergenstal, RM; Bolli, GB; Home, PD; Jeandidier, N; Muehlen-Bartmer, I; Riddle, MC; Vinet, L; Wardecki, M; Yki-Järvinen, H; Ziemen, M, 2016
)
0.67
"LixiLan achieved statistically significant reductions to near-normal HbA1c levels with weight loss and no increased hypoglycemic risk, compared with insulin glargine alone, and a low incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin."( Efficacy and Safety of LixiLan, a Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combination of Lixisenatide and Insulin Glargine, Versus Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin Monotherapy: The LixiLan Proof-of-Concept Randomized Trial.
Aroda, VR; Diamant, M; Fonseca, V; Perfetti, R; Rosenstock, J; Silvestre, L; Souhami, E; Zhou, T, 2016
)
0.86
" There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse events in two groups (OR=0."( [Efficacy and safety of insulin degludec for diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis].
Deng, XR; Ding, L; Jing, CB; Liu, HX; Sun, SM; Wang, YF; Zheng, RZ, 2016
)
0.43
" Adverse events were reported in 18."( Glycemic control and safety in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who switched from premixed insulin to insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetics: a large, prospective, observational study.
Yang, W; Zhang, B; Zhao, J, 2017
)
0.66
" We hypothesize that co-administration of glargine, a subcutaneous long-acting insulin analog, during insulin infusion may facilitate a flexible and safe transition from intravenous to subcutaneous therapy."( Glargine co-administration with intravenous insulin in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis is safe and facilitates transition to a subcutaneous regimen.
Ferrara, C; Harrison, VS; Hawkes, CP; Palladino, AA; Rustico, S, 2017
)
0.46
"Treatment with GesTIO protocol allows a safe and effective treatment even in very old and vulnerable inpatients with a faster management insulin therapy."( The GesTIO protocol experience: safety of a standardized order set for subcutaneous insulin regimen in elderly hospitalized patients.
Barbato, GM; Bruttomesso, D; Corradin, ML; Franchin, A; Manzato, E; Maran, A; Rossi, F; Sicolo, N; Zanatta, F, 2017
)
0.46
" Most discontinuations were due to adverse events-mostly gastrointestinal with semaglutide, and others such as skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (eg, rash, pruritus, and urticaria) with insulin glargine."( Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily insulin glargine as add-on to metformin (with or without sulfonylureas) in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 4): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, mul
Aroda, VR; Axelsen, M; Bain, SC; Cariou, B; DeVries, JH; Piletič, M; Rose, L; Rowe, E, 2017
)
0.88
" In all treatment groups, the incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events tended to be greater among females than among males."( Analysis of efficacy and safety of dulaglutide 0.75 mg stratified by sex in patients with type 2 diabetes in 2 randomized, controlled phase 3 studies in Japan.
Iwamoto, N; Matsui, A; Matsuura, J; Onishi, Y; Oura, T, 2017
)
0.46
" Rates of adverse events did not differ between the two groups."( Efficacy and Safety of Degludec versus Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes.
Brown-Frandsen, K; Buse, JB; Emerson, SS; Haahr, PM; Kvist, K; Lange, M; Marso, SP; McGuire, DK; Moses, A; Pieber, TR; Poulter, NR; Pratley, RE; Skibsted, S; Zinman, B, 2017
)
0.46
" Although dulaglutide increased gastrointestinal adverse events compared with glargine in both subgroups, all gastrointestinal events of diarrhea, nausea, constipation, and vomiting in dulaglutide-treated patients were mild in intensity and well tolerated."( Efficacy and safety of subgroup analysis stratified by baseline HbA1c in a Japanese phase 3 study of dulaglutide 0.75 mg compared with insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Kaneko, S; Matsui, A; Oura, T; Shingaki, T; Takeuchi, M, 2017
)
0.66
" Serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded at 3 and 6 months."( Observational Registry of Basal Insulin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China: Safety and Hypoglycemia Predictors.
Gao, Y; Guo, X; Ji, J; Ji, L; Li, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, P; Zhang, T; Zhao, F; Zhu, D, 2017
)
0.46
" The rates of adverse events including total mortality and cardiovascular events were not significantly different between two treatment strategies."( Comparative safety and efficacy of insulin degludec with insulin glargine in type 2 and type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Kang, LN; Xu, B; Zhang, XL; Zhang, XW, 2018
)
0.73
" Basal insulin/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist combination products have the benefit of being highly efficacious while having favorable effects on weight, reduced gastrointestinal adverse effects, and low hypoglycemic risks compared to the individual agents used alone."( Efficacy and Safety of Basal Insulin/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Used in Combination for Type 2 Diabetes Management.
McCarty, BP; McCarty, D; Olenik, A, 2019
)
0.51
" Secondary endpoints were changes in fasting plasma glucose, insulin dose, self-monitored blood glucose and immunogenicity from baseline, and occurrences of hypoglycaemic, nocturnal hypoglycaemic and adverse events up to week 52."( Efficacy and safety of MYL-1501D vs insulin glargine in patients with type 1 diabetes after 52 weeks: Results of the INSTRIDE 1 phase III study.
Ankersen, M; Barve, A; Blevins, TC; Sun, B, 2018
)
0.76
" The rates of hypoglycemia and adverse events did not change during the follow-up period."( Efficacy and Safety of Switching from Insulin Glargine 100 U/mL to the Same Dose of Glargine 300 U/mL in Japanese Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Patients: A Retrospective Analysis.
Fushimi, Y; Hirukawa, H; Irie, S; Iwamoto, M; Kaku, K; Kamei, S; Kameyama, M; Kaneto, H; Kimura, T; Kinoshita, T; Kohara, K; Mizoguchi, A; Mune, T; Nakanishi, S; Nishioka, M; Obata, A; Sanada, J; Shimoda, M; Tatsumi, F, 2018
)
0.75
" Safety and tolerability, including anti-insulin antibody responses, hypoglycaemia, adverse events and body weight, were similar between insulins."( Efficacy and safety of MK-1293 insulin glargine compared with originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, open-label clinical trial.
Carofano, WL; Crutchlow, MF; Eldor, R; Gallwitz, B; Golm, GT; Hollander, PA; Home, PD; Lam, RLH; Marcos, MC; Rendell, MS; Rosenstock, J, 2018
)
0.77
" Safety and tolerability, including anti-insulin antibody responses, hypoglycaemia, adverse events and body weight, were similar between insulins over the 52-week study duration."( Efficacy and safety of MK-1293 insulin glargine compared with originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in type 1 diabetes: A randomized, open-label clinical trial.
Carofano, WL; Crutchlow, MF; Eldor, R; Gallwitz, B; Golm, GT; Hollander, PA; Home, PD; Lam, RLH; Marcos, MC; Rosenstock, J, 2018
)
0.77
"A total of 150 first major adverse cardiovascular events were recorded at cut-off for the interim analysis."( Developing, Planning and Conducting an Interim Analysis: Lessons From the DEVOTE Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascul
Amby, LK; Endahl, L; Helmark, IC; Hoskin, S; Hvelplund, A; Mollerup, I; Moses, AC; Theilgaard, H, 2019
)
0.71
"This post hoc analysis of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) from the phase 3 LixiLan-L (NCT02058160) and LixiLan-O (NCT02058147) trials aimed to determine the frequency and timing of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea for iGlarLixi, a titratable, fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 units/mL (iGlar) and lixisenatide, versus iGlar alone or iGlar and lixisenatide alone, in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs) or basal insulin ± OADs."( Low incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events over time with a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide versus lixisenatide alone.
Chao, J; Dex, T; LaSalle, J; Roberts, M; Trujillo, JM; White, J, 2018
)
0.88
" Hypoglycaemic adverse events were significantly higher in the INS group compared to the EMPA group (P = 0."( Effectiveness and safety of empagliflozin-based quadruple therapy compared with insulin glargine-based therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: An observational study in clinical practice.
Jeon, HJ; Ku, EJ; Lee, DH; Oh, TK, 2019
)
0.74
" Secondary endpoints included metabolic readouts (eg, changes in fasting plasma glucose, insulin dosage, self-monitored blood glucose), immunogenicity and adverse events, including hypoglycaemia and nocturnal hypoglycaemic events."( Efficacy and safety of MYL-1501D versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes after 24 weeks: Results of the phase III INSTRIDE 2 study.
Ankersen, M; Athalye, S; Aubonnet, P; Barve, A; Blevins, TC; Muniz, R; Raiter, Y; Sun, B, 2019
)
0.78
" Gastrointestinal adverse events, including diarrhoea and nausea, were the most frequently reported for patients taking dulaglutide."( Efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in mainly Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin and/or a sulphonylurea: A 52-week open-label, randomized phase III trial.
Filippova, E; Gu, L; Li, P; Nevárez, L; Song, KH; Tao, B; Wang, F; Wang, W; Yang, J, 2019
)
0.76
"A1C = hemoglobin A1C; AE = adverse event; CI = confidence interval; Degludec = insulin degludec; EOT = end of trial; ETD = estimated treatment difference; FPG = fasting plasma glucose; GLP-1RA = glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist; IDegLira = insulin degludec/liraglutide; IGlar U100 = insulin glargine 100 U/mL; SU = sulfonylurea; T2D = type 2 diabetes."( EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF IDEGLIRA IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES.
Halladin, N; Handelsman, Y; Liebl, A; Lingvay, I; Linjawi, S; Ranc, K; Vilsbøll, T, 2019
)
0.69
" Adverse events overall and changes from baseline in body weight were similar between the two treatment groups."( Double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of continuing or discontinuing the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when initiating insulin glargine therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: The CompoSIT-I Study.
Darmiento, C; Duran-García, S; Engel, SS; Gantz, I; Golm, GT; Kaufman, KD; Lam, RLH; O'Neill, EA; Roussel, R; Shah, S; Shankar, RR; Zhang, Y, 2019
)
0.71
"1 mmol/L), daily linagliptin is a safe and effective alternative to multi-dose insulin therapy, resulting in similar glucose control with lower hypoglycaemia."( Glycaemic efficacy and safety of linagliptin compared to a basal-bolus insulin regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing non-cardiac surgery: A multicentre randomized clinical trial.
Alexanian, S; Anzola, I; Baldwin, D; Cardona, S; Pasquel, FJ; Peng, L; Rasouli, N; Umpierrez, GE; Urrutia, M; Vellanki, P, 2019
)
0.51
"9 mmol/L]), severe hypoglycemia (requiring assistance of another person), and incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine/lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) fixed-ratio combination in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
Chovanes, C; Dex, T; Frias, JP; Giorgino, F; Handelsman, Y; Niemoeller, E; Skolnik, N; Souhami, E; Stager, W, 2019
)
0.82
" Safety endpoints included hypoglycemia and adverse events."( A Randomized Controlled, Treat-to-Target Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) Administered Using Either Device-Supported or Routine Titration in People With Type 2 Diabetes.
Bain, S; Charpentier, G; Davies, M; Edelman, S; Flacke, F; Goyeau, H; Hasslacher, C; Vespasiani, G; Woloschak, M, 2019
)
0.74
" Outcomes by overall age group and randomized treatment differences were analysed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality, severe hypoglycaemia and serious adverse events (SAEs)."( Cardiovascular safety and lower severe hypoglycaemia of insulin degludec versus insulin glargine U100 in patients with type 2 diabetes aged 65 years or older: Results from DEVOTE (DEVOTE 7).
Buse, JB; Emerson, SS; Franek, E; Gilbert, MP; Hansen, CT; Hansen, MV; Mark, T; Marso, SP; McGuire, DK; Moses, AC; Pieber, TR; Pratley, RE; Zinman, B, 2019
)
0.74
" Secondary outcomes included SMPG target achievement without hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia incidence, adverse events and participant-reported outcomes (PROs)."( Take Control: A randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of self- versus physician-managed titration of insulin glargine 300 U/mL in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
Bonnemaire, M; Dauchy, A; Davies, M; Delgado, E; Dimitriadis, G; Frandsen, HA; Popescu, L; Roborel de Climens, A; Russell-Jones, D; Schultes, B; Strojek, K, 2019
)
0.72
" Safety outcomes included the incidence of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (plasma glucose <60 mg/dL) and gastrointestinal treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."( Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide as add-on therapy to basal insulin in older adults with type 2 diabetes in the GetGoal-O Study.
Dailey, GE; Dex, TA; Liu, M; Meneilly, GS; Roberts, M, 2019
)
0.51
"5%的患者比例以及复合终点相对于基线的变化。安全性结局包括记录的症状性低血糖(血糖<60 mg/dl)及治疗期间胃肠道不良事件(treatment-emergent adverse events, TEAEs)的发生率。还通过中度肾功能不全的发生对结果进行了分析。 结果: 与安慰剂组相比, 利西那肽治疗组的HbA1c、餐后2小时血糖、平均7点SMPG以及体重下降均更显著。安慰剂组中记录的症状性低血糖发生率大约是利西那肽治疗组患者的2倍(分别为12."( Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide as add-on therapy to basal insulin in older adults with type 2 diabetes in the GetGoal-O Study.
Dailey, GE; Dex, TA; Liu, M; Meneilly, GS; Roberts, M, 2019
)
0.51
" Safety endpoints included incidence of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events."( Post hoc efficacy and safety analysis of insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed- ratio combination in North American patients compared with the rest of world.
Bajaj, HS; Dailey, G; Dex, T; Groleau, M; Stager, W; Vinik, A, 2019
)
0.78
" iGlarLixi treatment responses, hypoglycemia risk and GI adverse events in NA patients were comparable with patients in the RoW."( Post hoc efficacy and safety analysis of insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed- ratio combination in North American patients compared with the rest of world.
Bajaj, HS; Dailey, G; Dex, T; Groleau, M; Stager, W; Vinik, A, 2019
)
0.78
" Secondary endpoints included: change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) and insulin dose; immunogenicity; and adverse events, including hypoglycaemia."( Efficacy and safety of MYL-1501D versus insulin glargine in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Results of the INSTRIDE 3 phase 3 switch study.
Athalye, S; Aubonnet, P; Barve, A; Blevins, TC; Muniz, R; Raiter, Y; Sun, B, 2020
)
0.83
" Adverse events (AEs) were reported in similar proportions of subjects across trials."( Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Type 2 Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SUSTAIN Trials.
Cariou, B; DeSouza, C; Fonseca, V; Garg, S; Lausvig, N; Navarria, A, 2020
)
0.56
" Rates of adverse events were similar between groups and low for serious adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus insulin glargine 100 U/mL in Asia Pacific insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes: The EDITION AP randomized controlled trial.
Dong, X; Ji, L; Kang, ES; Li, L; Niemoeller, E; Shang, S; Yuan, G, 2020
)
0.87
" iGlarLixi patients had more gastrointestinal-related adverse events than iGlar patients (33."( Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination (iGlarLixi) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on basal insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs: The LixiLan JP-L randomized clinical trial.
Amano, A; Kaneto, H; Niemoeller, E; Spranger, R; Takami, A; Watanabe, D, 2020
)
0.87
" Data on glycemic endpoints (hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hypoglycemia) and other outcomes (insulin dose, body weight, patient-reported outcomes, adverse events, rescue medication, discontinuation) were extracted."( Efficacy and safety of patient-led versus physician-led titration of basal insulin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Castellana, M; Giannelli, G; Procino, F; Sardone, R; Trimboli, P, 2020
)
0.56
"Gla-300, in clinical practice, provides an effective and safe therapy as HbA1c was reduced/maintained in insulin-naïve/experienced Japanese T2DM patients without new safety signal."( Effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine 300 unit/mL in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a 12-month post-marketing surveillance study (X-STAR study).
Hirose, T; Koshida, R; Matsuhisa, M; Odawara, M; Senda, M; Tanaka, Y; Terauchi, Y, 2020
)
0.85
" We compared gastrointestinal adverse event (AE) rates for iGlarLixi versus GLP-1 RAs during the first 12 weeks of therapy, including a sensitivity analysis with IDegLira."( Gastrointestinal adverse events with insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination versus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta-analysis.
Aroda, VR; Guyot, P; Horowitz, M; Kanters, S; Rayner, CK; Shaunik, A; Whittington, C; Wu, T, 2021
)
0.89
"This study aimed to compare the rate of hypoglycemic events from all spontaneously reported adverse events (AEs) between insulin detemir and insulin degludec using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database."( Disproportionality analysis of spontaneously reported hypoglycemia events due to insulin use: A comparison between insulin detemir and insulin degludec using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System.
Jeong, D; Kim, W; Shin, JY, 2021
)
0.62
"We analyzed data on the reported hypoglycemia events retrieved from adverse drug reactions (ADR) on the use of different insulin types from 2016 to 2017 in the Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database (KIDS-KD)."( Disproportionality analysis of spontaneously reported hypoglycemia events due to insulin use: A comparison between insulin detemir and insulin degludec using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System.
Jeong, D; Kim, W; Shin, JY, 2021
)
0.62
" The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was higher with liraglutide than with insulin glargine (P < 0."( Liraglutide hospital discharge trial: A randomized controlled trial comparing the safety and efficacy of liraglutide versus insulin glargine for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes after hospital discharge.
Albury, B; Anzola, I; Cardona, S; Chaudhuri, A; Coronado, KWZ; Davis, GM; Farias, JM; Fayfman, M; Galindo, RJ; Gomez, P; Iacobellis, G; Migdal, AL; Palacios, J; Pasquel, FJ; Peng, L; Perez-Guzman, MC; Umpierrez, GE; Urrutia, MA; Vellanki, P, 2021
)
1.05
"Compared to insulin glargine, treatment with liraglutide at hospital discharge resulted in better glycaemic control and greater weight loss, but increased gastrointestinal adverse events."( Liraglutide hospital discharge trial: A randomized controlled trial comparing the safety and efficacy of liraglutide versus insulin glargine for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes after hospital discharge.
Albury, B; Anzola, I; Cardona, S; Chaudhuri, A; Coronado, KWZ; Davis, GM; Farias, JM; Fayfman, M; Galindo, RJ; Gomez, P; Iacobellis, G; Migdal, AL; Palacios, J; Pasquel, FJ; Peng, L; Perez-Guzman, MC; Umpierrez, GE; Urrutia, MA; Vellanki, P, 2021
)
1.21
" But it is also associated with adverse outcomes such as hypoglycaemia."( Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide compared with glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Xia, J; Xu, J; Yao, D, 2021
)
0.62
"5 mg groups than in insulin glargine group,whereas dulaglutide had a statistically higher gastrointestinal adverse events incidence than insulin glargine."( Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide compared with glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Xia, J; Xu, J; Yao, D, 2021
)
0.94
" Adverse events, allergic reactions, hypoglycaemia and insulin antibodies were similar in the two groups."( Efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine versus insulin glargine (Lantus) in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes: A phase III, randomized, open-label, controlled trial.
Chen, W; Du, L; Feng, W; Jiang, S; Zhu, D, 2021
)
0.9
" In conclusion, IG is safe and equally effective as an NPH-based basal-bolus regimen for acute stroke patients with hyperglycemia receiving intensive care."( A randomized trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine in hyperglycemic acute stroke patients receiving intensive care.
Chen, CH; Jeng, JS; Lin, SY; Shih, SR; Tang, SC; Tsai, LK; Yang, WS; Yeh, SJ, 2021
)
0.86
" Weight change, insulin antibodies and all adverse events including allergic reactions and hypoglycaemia, were also similar between the two treatment groups (all p > ."( Comparable efficacy and safety between LY2963016 insulin glargine and insulin glargine (Lantus®) in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes: A phase III, randomized, controlled trial.
Jiang, S; Lou, Y; Yan, X; Zhou, Z, 2021
)
0.88
"The self-titration of Gla-300 using the INSIGHT algorithm was effective and safe compared with that using the EDITION algorithm in Korean individuals with uncontrolled T2DM (ClinicalTrials."( Efficacy and Safety of Self-Titration Algorithms of Insulin Glargine 300 units/mL in Individuals with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (The Korean TITRATION Study): A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Ahn, CH; Bae, JH; Cho, YM; Jung, HS; Kwak, SH; Moon, SJ; Park, KS; Yang, YS, 2022
)
0.97
" Adverse events were more frequent with iGlarLixi because of gastrointestinal intolerance."( Efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp: Results of a systematic literature review and indirect treatment comparison.
Alvarez, A; Gurova, OY; Hafidh, KAS; Home, PD; Mehta, R; Pourrahmat, MM; Serafini, P, 2021
)
0.62
"iGlarLixi + insulin glulisine combination therapy is safe and equally efficacious as multiple daily injection therapy for glycemic control, while avoiding hypoglycemia risk and reducing the number of injections are required."( Comparisons of efficacy and safety in insulin glargine and lixisenatide plus glulisine combination therapy with multiple daily injection therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Ashida, N; Hajika, Y; Hamazaki, K; Kawaguchi, Y; Kumeda, Y; Masumoto, K; Miyamoto, S; Sawa, J, 2022
)
0.99
" Their excellent glucose-lowering efficacy is complemented with lower risk of hypoglycemia in comparison to basal insulin, neutral effect on body weight and the lower risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects in comparison to GLP-1 receptor agonists."( An update on the safety of insulin-GLP-1 receptor agonist combinations in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Haluzík, M; Novodvorský, P, 2022
)
0.72
" The results showed that IDeg/Asp significantly decreased the mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level but was prone to serious adverse events, and IGlar increased the nocturnal confirmed hypoglycemia events."( Comparative efficiency and safety of insulin degludec/aspart with insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Huang, JS; Lai, JM; Lai, YM; Li, SZ; Lin, JT; Lin, MH; Long, T; Wu, QL; Zeng, CP; Zeng, JY; Zhou, ZC, 2022
)
0.96
"iGlarLixi achieved significant HbA1c reductions, to near-normoglycaemic levels, compared with iGlar or Lixi, with no meaningful additional risk of hypoglycaemia and mitigated body weight gain versus iGlar, with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events versus Lixi."( Efficacy and safety benefits of iGlarLixi versus insulin glargine 100 U/mL or lixisenatide in Asian Pacific people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes on oral agents: The LixiLan-O-AP randomized controlled trial.
Chen, L; Cheng, Z; Dong, X; Gu, S; Li, Q; Liu, M; Niemoeller, E; Ping, L; Souhami, E; Xiao, J; Yang, W; Yuan, G, 2022
)
0.98
" Rates of adverse events were similar for both hypoglycaemia and vascular events."( Effectiveness, safety and treatment adherence of biosimilar follow-on insulin in diabetes management.
Abarca, J; Barron, J; Chen, X; DeVries, A; Hart, R; Pham, TT, 2022
)
0.72
"Treatment with degludec U100 is as effective and safe as glargine U300 for the early postoperative hospital management of patients with T2D undergoing CABG."( Efficacy and safety of degludec U100 versus glargine U300 for the early postoperative management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A non-inferiority randomized trial.
Gagneja, S; Gill, HK; Jain, R; Kaur, P; Kohli, C; Kuchay, MS; Kumari, P; Mathew, A; Mishra, M; Mishra, SK; Singh, MK; Surendran, P; Wasir, JS, 2023
)
0.91
"Titrating basal insulin first is an effective and safe method of SIIT in individuals with T2D, rapidly achieving target glucose levels with a relatively low rate of hypoglycaemia."( Efficacy and safety of basal-first titration order in individuals with type 2 diabetes receiving short-term intensive insulin therapy: An exploratory analysis of BEYOND V.
Cui, N; Guo, L; Jiang, C; Li, Y; Liang, L; Liu, J; Mu, Y; Wan, H; Wang, G; Wang, J; Xu, B; Yu, D; Zhang, J; Zhang, M, 2023
)
0.91
" Occurrence of serious adverse events was similar between the BIF and degludec groups."( Novel Once-Weekly Basal Insulin Fc Achieved Similar Glycemic Control With a Safety Profile Comparable to Insulin Degludec in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.
Bue-Valleskey, JM; Chien, J; Chigutsa, E; Dahl, D; Haupt, A; Kazda, CM; Landschulz, W; Wullenweber, P; Zhang, Q, 2023
)
0.91
" Outcomes of interest were change in HbA1c, blood glucose, weight and insulin dose, as well as incidence and event rate of hypoglycaemia and other adverse events."( Comparative efficacy and safety of Gla-300 versus IDegAsp in insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled on oral anti-diabetics.
Emral, R; Ghosh, S; Guyot, P; Landgraf, W; Mabunay, MA; Malek, R; Malik, RA; Pushkarna, D; Ritzel, R; Serafini, P; Zeng, L, 2023
)
0.91
" No significant differences were observed for insulin dose and adverse events."( Comparative efficacy and safety of Gla-300 versus IDegAsp in insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled on oral anti-diabetics.
Emral, R; Ghosh, S; Guyot, P; Landgraf, W; Mabunay, MA; Malek, R; Malik, RA; Pushkarna, D; Ritzel, R; Serafini, P; Zeng, L, 2023
)
0.91
" The most common treatment-emergent adverse events with dulaglutide/glargine were decreased appetite (22."( Efficacy and safety of adding once-weekly dulaglutide to basal insulin for inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes in Chinese patients (AWARD-CHN3): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial.
Cheng, Z; Deng, Y; Ma, J; Wang, R; Wang, W; Yan, X; Zhang, Q; Zhu, D, 2023
)
0.91
"Based on the currently available data, tirzepatide appears to be safe regarding the risk of pancreatitis."( Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fan, H; Li, S; Mu, X; Shi, Y; Xu, J; Zeng, Q, 2023
)
0.91

Pharmacokinetics

insulin detemir (IDet) and insulin glargine (IGlar) have been examined extensively via euglycaemic clamp studies. This paper, a comprehensive pharmacokinetic model for different insulin formulations including insulin Glargine is developed based on this research.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"In this paper, a comprehensive pharmacokinetic model for different insulin formulations including insulin Glargine is developed based on the model proposed by Trajanoski et al."( Comprehensive pharmacokinetic model of insulin Glargine and other insulin formulations.
Bondia, J; Pfleiderer, HJ; Picó, J; Tarín, C; Teufel, E, 2005
)
0.81
"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of biphasic insulin aspart (BIAsp 30) (30% soluble, 70% protaminated insulin aspart [IAsp]) and insulin glargine (IGlarg) were compared."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of biphasic insulin aspart and insulin glargine in people with type 2 diabetes.
Dunseath, G; Luzio, S; Owens, DR; Pauvaday, V; Peter, R, 2006
)
0.76
"The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles were 34 and 28%, respectively, higher following equivalent doses (0."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of biphasic insulin aspart and insulin glargine in people with type 2 diabetes.
Dunseath, G; Luzio, S; Owens, DR; Pauvaday, V; Peter, R, 2006
)
0.56
" The two analogues are popularly perceived to differ from each other in their pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles, in particular with regard to 'flatness' and duration of action."( Towards peakless, reproducible and long-acting insulins. An assessment of the basal analogues based on isoglycaemic clamp studies.
Heise, T; Pieber, TR, 2007
)
0.34
" Insulin aspart and insulin lispro have nearly identical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and provide better postprandial glucose control and less hypoglycaemia (primarily nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus) than regular insulin."( New insulin analogues and routes of delivery: pharmacodynamic and clinical considerations.
Roach, P, 2008
)
0.35
" This randomized, double-blind, crossover trial compared the within-subject variability of detemir and insulin glargine (glargine) in pharmacokinetic properties in children and adolescents with T1DM."( Insulin detemir is characterized by a more reproducible pharmacokinetic profile than insulin glargine in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
Danne, T; Datz, N; Endahl, L; Fjording, MS; Haahr, H; Kordonouri, O; Nestoris, C; Westergaard, L, 2008
)
0.78
"8 U/kg) and evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) dose responses of ILPS."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin lispro protamine suspension compared with insulin glargine and insulin detemir in type 2 diabetes.
Campaigne, BN; Hompesch, M; Jacober, SJ; Kollmeier, AP; Morrow, LA; Ocheltree, SM; Wondmagegnehu, ET, 2009
)
0.57
" However, no formal glucose clamp studies have been performed to determine whether mixing with glargine has an adverse effect on the early pharmacodynamic action of rapid-acting insulin in humans."( Early pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of mixing lispro with glargine insulin: results of glucose clamp studies in youth with type 1 diabetes.
Cengiz, E; Dziura, J; Martin-Fredericksen, M; Tamborlane, WV; Weinzimer, SA, 2010
)
0.36
"This pedagogical review illustrates the differences between pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) measures, using insulin therapy as the primary example."( How pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles pave the way for optimal basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Arnolds, S; Heise, T; Kapitza, C; Kuglin, B, 2010
)
0.36
" The aim was to directly compare the pharmacodynamic properties of the long-acting insulin analogues and NPH insulin after a single subcutaneous injection."( Similarity of pharmacodynamic effects of a single injection of insulin glargine, insulin detemir and NPH insulin on glucose metabolism assessed by 24-h euglycaemic clamp studies in healthy humans.
Brock, B; Mengel, A; Moller, N; Nielsen, S; Rungby, J; Schmitz, O; Sørensen, LP; Vølund, A, 2010
)
0.6
"In this experimental design, only minor pharmacodynamic differences were demonstrated between insulin detemir, insulin glargine and NPH insulin."( Similarity of pharmacodynamic effects of a single injection of insulin glargine, insulin detemir and NPH insulin on glucose metabolism assessed by 24-h euglycaemic clamp studies in healthy humans.
Brock, B; Mengel, A; Moller, N; Nielsen, S; Rungby, J; Schmitz, O; Sørensen, LP; Vølund, A, 2010
)
0.81
" We compared the pharmacodynamic (PD) variability of IDeg and insulin glargine (IGlar) under steady-state conditions."( Insulin degludec: four times lower pharmacodynamic variability than insulin glargine under steady-state conditions in type 1 diabetes.
Feldman, A; Haahr, H; Heise, T; Hermanski, L; Nosek, L; Rasmussen, S, 2012
)
0.85
"The pharmacodynamic characteristics of the basal insulin analogues insulin detemir (IDet) and insulin glargine (IGlar) have been examined extensively via euglycaemic clamp studies."( Pharmacodynamics of the long-acting insulin analogues detemir and glargine following single-doses and under steady-state conditions in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Koehler, G; Korsatko, S; Mader, JK; Pieber, TR; Semlitsch, B; Treiber, G; Wutte, A, 2014
)
0.62
"Insulin degludec (IDeg) is a basal insulin with an ultra-long pharmacokinetic profile in adults that at steady-state produces remarkably flat and stable insulin levels; however, no studies have yet reported on the pharmacokinetic properties of IDeg in subjects younger than 18 years of age."( Insulin degludec's ultra-long pharmacokinetic properties observed in adults are retained in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Aschemeier, B; Biester, T; Blaesig, S; Danne, T; Granhall, C; Haahr, H; Kordonouri, O; Kristensen, NR; Remus, K; Søndergaard, F, 2014
)
0.4
" Time-to-maximum plasma concentration (medians) and geometric means for half-life (t½ ) and apparent clearance, respectively, ranged from 18."( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of the novel, long-acting basal insulin LY2605541 in healthy subjects.
Choi, SL; Howey, DC; Lim, ST; Mace, KF; Sinha, VP; Soon, DK; Yeo, KP, 2014
)
0.4
" Glucose infusion rate (GIR), distribution of GIR and half-life were assessed."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of insulin degludec and insulin glargine.
Bøttcher, SG; Haahr, H; Heise, T; Hermanski, L; Hövelmann, U; Nosek, L, 2015
)
0.64
" At SS, the half-life was 25."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of insulin degludec and insulin glargine.
Bøttcher, SG; Haahr, H; Heise, T; Hermanski, L; Hövelmann, U; Nosek, L, 2015
)
0.64
"IDeg has a longer half-life (> 25 h) than IGlar."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of insulin degludec and insulin glargine.
Bøttcher, SG; Haahr, H; Heise, T; Hermanski, L; Hövelmann, U; Nosek, L, 2015
)
0.64
" Three studies evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) similarity of LY IGlar and the European Union- and US-approved versions of IGlar."( Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of LY2963016 Insulin Glargine and EU- and US-Approved Versions of Lantus Insulin Glargine in Healthy Subjects: Three Randomized Euglycemic Clamp Studies.
Chong, CL; Chua, L; Coutant, D; Ferreira, MM; Lam, EC; Linnebjerg, H; Seger, ME; Soon, D; Zhang, X, 2015
)
0.65
" Expert opinion: Gla-300 has a flatter and more prolonged pharmacokinetic profile compared to glargine 100 units/ml (Gla-100), but is less potent on a unit per unit basis."( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of insulin glargine U300 for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Hurren, KM; O'Neill, JL, 2016
)
0.69
" Pharmacodynamic variables were assessed at steady-state from the glucose infusion rate profiles of three 24-hour euglycaemic glucose clamps (days 6, 9 and 12) during each treatment period."( Insulin degludec: Lower day-to-day and within-day variability in pharmacodynamic response compared with insulin glargine 300 U/mL in type 1 diabetes.
Famulla, S; Haahr, HL; Heise, T; Kaplan, K; Nosek, L; Nørskov, M, 2017
)
0.67
" Two euglycaemic clamp studies, 1 in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 1 in healthy subjects, were conducted to demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) similarity between MK-1293 and Lantus commercially procured in both the European Union (EU-Lantus) and the USA (US-Lantus)."( Single-dose euglycaemic clamp studies demonstrating pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic similarity between MK-1293 insulin glargine and originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in subjects with type 1 diabetes and healthy subjects.
Barbour, AM; Crutchlow, MF; Hompesch, M; Mahon, CD; Marcos, MC; Morrow, L; Mostoller, KM; Palcza, JS; Watkins, E; Xu, Y, 2018
)
0.69
" Pharmacokinetic assessment was based on LC-MS/MS-based measurement of the major insulin glargine metabolite (M1) and PD was characterized using the euglycaemic clamp platform."( Single-dose euglycaemic clamp studies demonstrating pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic similarity between MK-1293 insulin glargine and originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in subjects with type 1 diabetes and healthy subjects.
Barbour, AM; Crutchlow, MF; Hompesch, M; Mahon, CD; Marcos, MC; Morrow, L; Mostoller, KM; Palcza, JS; Watkins, E; Xu, Y, 2018
)
0.92
"To compare steady state pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of insulin glargine 300U/mL (Gla-300) with insulin degludec 100U/mL (Deg-100) in people with type 1 diabetes."( Morning administration of 0.4U/kg/day insulin glargine 300U/mL provides less fluctuating 24-hour pharmacodynamics and more even pharmacokinetic profiles compared with insulin degludec 100U/mL in type 1 diabetes.
Bailey, TS; Bolli, GB; Dahmen, R; Klein, O; Maroccia, M; Nassr, N; Pettus, J; Roussel, R; Schmider, W, 2018
)
0.98
"Gla-300 provides less fluctuating steady state pharmacodynamic profiles (i."( Morning administration of 0.4U/kg/day insulin glargine 300U/mL provides less fluctuating 24-hour pharmacodynamics and more even pharmacokinetic profiles compared with insulin degludec 100U/mL in type 1 diabetes.
Bailey, TS; Bolli, GB; Dahmen, R; Klein, O; Maroccia, M; Nassr, N; Pettus, J; Roussel, R; Schmider, W, 2018
)
0.75
"Despite their widespread use in this population, data on the pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of the insulin analogs detemir and glargine in severely obese patients with type 2 diabetes are lacking."( Comparison of the dose-response pharmacodynamic profiles of detemir and glargine in severely obese patients with type 2 diabetes: A single-blind, randomised cross-over trial.
Bilz, S; Falconnier, C; Flückiger, M; Keller, U; Meienberg, F; Puder, JJ, 2018
)
0.48
" Surface-area-dependent redissolution is introduced to established diffusion and absorption pathways, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles are simulated and subsequently validated using experimental data from euglycemic glucose clamp studies."( Insulin depot absorption modeling and pharmacokinetic simulation with insulin glargine 300 U/mL
.
Becker, R; Lindauer, K, 2019
)
0.75
"4 U/kg, morning) showed a more stable pharmacodynamic profile (20% lower within-day variability [P = 0."( Clinical relevance of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of insulin degludec (100, 200 U/mL) and insulin glargine (100, 300 U/mL) - a review of evidence and clinical interpretation.
Bolli, GB; Fanelli, CG; Owens, DR; S Bailey, T; Yale, JF, 2019
)
0.73
" Comparing the pharmacokinetic time curves of serum insulin levels on two insulin immunoassays with different insulin analog cross-reactivity allowed the likely diagnosis of surreptitious glargine overdose to be made rapidly."( A Case of Surreptitious Glargine Overdose Confirmed by Insulin Pharmacokinetic Time Curves.
Barmanray, R; Chiang, CY; Yates, CJ; Yeoh, K, 2019
)
0.51
"The double-blind, randomized, three-way crossover study compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of MYL-1501D, US IG and EU IG."( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic bioequivalence of proposed biosimilar MYL-1501D with US and European insulin glargine formulations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Aubonnet, P; Barve, A; Donnelly, C; Heise, T, 2020
)
0.77
" In this study, we aimed to compare its pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) with Lantus."( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a new type of recombinant insulin Lisargine injection.
Jiang, L; Li, J; Lu, J; Xiong, A; Yi, X; Zeng, Y; Zhang, H; Zhou, W; Zhu, H; Zhu, L, 2020
)
0.56
"For the successful approval and clinical prescription of insulin biosimilars, it is essential to show pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) bioequivalence to the respective reference products sourced from the European Union and the United States."( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic bioequivalence of Gan & Lee insulin analogues aspart (rapilin®), lispro (prandilin®) and glargine (basalin®) with EU- und US-sourced reference insulins.
Andersen, G; Chen, W; Gan, Z; Hao, C; He, A; Heise, T; Li, L; Lu, J; Plum-Mörschel, L; Xie, T; Zijlstra, E, 2023
)
0.91

Compound-Compound Interactions

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of basal insulin peglispro (BIL) with those of insulin glargine, both in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) We aimed to compare the efficacy of long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide with that of insulin Glargine.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To investigate the efficacy and safety of glimepiride combined with either morning or bedtime insulin glargine or bedtime neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes."( Glimepiride combined with morning insulin glargine, bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, or bedtime insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, controlled trial.
Fritsche, A; Häring, HU; Schweitzer, MA, 2003
)
0.82
"The risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia was lower with glimepiride in combination with morning and bedtime insulin glargine than with glimepiride in combination with bedtime NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes."( Glimepiride combined with morning insulin glargine, bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, or bedtime insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, controlled trial.
Fritsche, A; Häring, HU; Schweitzer, MA, 2003
)
0.81
" The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the treatment costs of insulin glargine in combination with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) compared with conventional insulin therapy in T2DM in everyday clinical practice."( Insulin glargine in combination with oral antidiabetic drugs as a cost-equivalent alternative to conventional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Haehling, E; Lechleitner, M; Mueller, M; Roden, M, 2005
)
2
"In type 2 diabetic patients we compared 9 months of combination therapy with insulin glargine and metformin with 9 months of NPH insulin combined with metformin."( Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study.
Hänninen, J; Hardy, K; Hulme, S; Kauppinen-Mäkelin, R; Lahdenperä, S; Lehtonen, R; Levänen, H; McNulty, S; Nikkilä, K; Ryysy, L; Tiikkainen, M; Tulokas, T; Vähätalo, M; Virtamo, H; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2006
)
2.01
"Mitiglinide is novel class of rapid-acting insulin secretagogues, which have been widely used alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic drugs to improve postprandial hyperglycemia in early type 2 diabetes."( Therapeutic efficacy of mitiglinide combined with once daily insulin glargine after switching from multiple daily insulin regimen of aspart insulin and glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Abe, M; Hara, K; Hirose, T; Kanazawa, A; Kanazawa, Y; Kanno, R; Kawai, J; Kawamori, R; Kumashiro, N; Mita, T; Miwa, S; Motojima, K; Sakai, K; Sakurai, Y; Sato, F; Shimizu, T; Tanaka, Y; Uchino, H; Watada, H; Yamazaki, Y; Yoshihara, T, 2006
)
0.58
" This study compared the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine and NPH insulin, both in combination with a once-daily fixed dose of glimepiride, in terms of glycemic control and incidence of hypoglycemia."( Therapy in type 2 diabetes: insulin glargine vs. NPH insulin both in combination with glimepiride.
Aschner, P; Calvo, C; Eliaschewitz, FG; Jimenez, J; Ramirez, LA; Ruiz, M; Valbuena, H; Villena, J, 2006
)
0.88
" In this study, the effects of insulin glargine (IG) in combination with repaglinide or acarbose on glycemic parameters were investigated."( The investigation of the efficacy of insulin glargine on glycemic control when combined with either repaglinide or acarbose in obese Type 2 diabetic patients.
Duran, C; Ercan, I; Ersoy, C; Erturk, E; Guclu, M; Imamoglu, S; Kiyici, S; Selimoglu, H; Tuncel, E, 2009
)
0.91
"The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of liraglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus vs placebo and insulin glargine (A21Gly,B31Arg,B32Arg human insulin), all in combination with metformin and glimepiride."( Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial.
Antic, S; Lalic, N; Ravn, GM; Russell-Jones, D; Schmitz, O; Sethi, BK; Simó, R; Vaag, A; Zdravkovic, M, 2009
)
0.91
"8 mg once daily (n = 232), liraglutide placebo (n = 115) and open-label insulin glargine (n = 234), all in combination with metformin (1 g twice daily) and glimepiride (4 mg once daily)."( Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial.
Antic, S; Lalic, N; Ravn, GM; Russell-Jones, D; Schmitz, O; Sethi, BK; Simó, R; Vaag, A; Zdravkovic, M, 2009
)
0.94
"A total of 180 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes received either glulisine (n = 88) or regular insulin (n = 92) before each meal in combination with insulin glargine at bedtime in a randomized double-blind fashion."( Glulisine versus human regular insulin in combination with glargine in noncritically ill hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind study.
Boron, A; Meyer, C; Plummer, E; Vedda, R; Voltchenok, M, 2010
)
0.56
"To compare the treatment effects of Novolin® 30R(a), versus Lantus(®a) combined with acarbose (Glucobay®), in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus."( Clinical effectiveness of Novolin® 30R versus Lantus® combined with Glucobay® treatment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus controlled by oral hypoglycaemic agents: A randomized study.
Ge, J; Jiang, H; Liu, Y; Niu, X; Shao, L; Sun, Y; Zhang, H, 2014
)
0.4
"2 IU/kg) combined with 50 mg acarbose."( Clinical effectiveness of Novolin® 30R versus Lantus® combined with Glucobay® treatment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus controlled by oral hypoglycaemic agents: A randomized study.
Ge, J; Jiang, H; Liu, Y; Niu, X; Shao, L; Sun, Y; Zhang, H, 2014
)
0.4
" Although there were fewer hypoglycaemic events in the Lantus® combined with Glucobay® group compared with the Novolin® 30R group, the difference was not significant."( Clinical effectiveness of Novolin® 30R versus Lantus® combined with Glucobay® treatment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus controlled by oral hypoglycaemic agents: A randomized study.
Ge, J; Jiang, H; Liu, Y; Niu, X; Shao, L; Sun, Y; Zhang, H, 2014
)
0.4
"Novolin® 30R and Lantus® combined with acarbose both had beneficial effects on blood glucose control and blood lipid levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus."( Clinical effectiveness of Novolin® 30R versus Lantus® combined with Glucobay® treatment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus controlled by oral hypoglycaemic agents: A randomized study.
Ge, J; Jiang, H; Liu, Y; Niu, X; Shao, L; Sun, Y; Zhang, H, 2014
)
0.4
" We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide with that of insulin glargine, both combined with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 2 diabetes."( Once-weekly dulaglutide versus bedtime insulin glargine, both in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-4): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority study.
Blonde, L; Fahrbach, JL; Gross, J; Jendle, J; Jiang, H; Milicevic, Z; Woo, V, 2015
)
0.89
"Dulaglutide in combination with lispro resulted in a significantly greater improvement in glycaemic control than did glargine and represents a new treatment option for patients unable to achieve glycaemic targets with conventional insulin treatment."( Once-weekly dulaglutide versus bedtime insulin glargine, both in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-4): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority study.
Blonde, L; Fahrbach, JL; Gross, J; Jendle, J; Jiang, H; Milicevic, Z; Woo, V, 2015
)
0.69
" From October 2013 to July 2014, a total of 166 T2DM outpatients who attended the Shanghai Changhai Hospital and the Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College were randomly assigned into an experimental sitagliptin/metformin combined with low caloric diet group (n = 115) and an insulin glargine combined with metformin control group (n = 51)."( Sitagliptin/Metformin Versus Insulin Glargine Combined With Metformin in Obese Subjects With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Cao, J; Ji, M; Xia, L; Zou, D, 2016
)
0.9
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of basal insulin peglispro (BIL) with those of insulin glargine, both in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)."( Randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing basal insulin peglispro and insulin glargine, in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 2 diabetes: IMAGINE 4.
Bastyr, EJ; Blevins, T; Chang, AM; Colón Vega, G; Pieber, TR; Zhang, S, 2016
)
0.89
"In this phase III, multicentre, double-blind, 26-week study, we randomized patients with T2D [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥7 and <12%, on ≥1 insulin injections daily) to BIL (n = 691) or glargine (n = 678), in combination with lispro."( Randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing basal insulin peglispro and insulin glargine, in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 2 diabetes: IMAGINE 4.
Bastyr, EJ; Blevins, T; Chang, AM; Colón Vega, G; Pieber, TR; Zhang, S, 2016
)
0.66
"75 mg and glargine, all in combination with prandial insulin lispro."( Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide in combination with prandial insulin lispro: an AWARD-4 substudy.
Jendle, J; Jiang, H; Martin, S; Milicevic, Z; Testa, MA, 2016
)
0.43
"In combination with prandial lispro, treatment with dulaglutide and glargine resulted in similar proportions of glucose values in the normoglycaemic range, but dulaglutide provided an improved balance between the proportion of values within the near-normoglycaemia range and values within the hypoglycaemic range."( Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide in combination with prandial insulin lispro: an AWARD-4 substudy.
Jendle, J; Jiang, H; Martin, S; Milicevic, Z; Testa, MA, 2016
)
0.43
" Adults with type 1 diabetes (n = 455) were randomized (2:1) to bedtime BIL or GL in combination with prandial insulin lispro for 78 weeks, with a primary endpoint of 26 weeks."( A randomized clinical trial comparing basal insulin peglispro and insulin glargine, in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 1 diabetes: IMAGINE 1.
Bastyr, EJ; Dreyer, M; Garg, S; Hartman, ML; Jacober, SJ; Jinnouchi, H; Mou, J; Qu, Y; Rosilio, M, 2016
)
0.67
"This study aimed to examine the switch from glargine+once daily insulin aspart (1 + 1 regimen) to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast combined with exercise and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with poorly controlled blood glucose levels."( Switching from glargine+insulin aspart to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast combined with exercise after dinner and dividing meals for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with poor glucose control - a prospective cohort study.
Chen, F; Li, J; Miao, L; Wang, L; Xia, D, 2018
)
0.48
"Consecutive patients with poorly controlled T2DM (n = 182) were switched from the 1 + 1 regimen to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast in combination with exercise after dinner and dividing meals in two (same final calories intake)."( Switching from glargine+insulin aspart to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast combined with exercise after dinner and dividing meals for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with poor glucose control - a prospective cohort study.
Chen, F; Li, J; Miao, L; Wang, L; Xia, D, 2018
)
0.48
"For patients with poorly controlled T2DM under the 1 + 1 regimen, switching to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast combined with exercise after dinner and dividing meals showed promising benefits."( Switching from glargine+insulin aspart to glargine+insulin aspart 30 before breakfast combined with exercise after dinner and dividing meals for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with poor glucose control - a prospective cohort study.
Chen, F; Li, J; Miao, L; Wang, L; Xia, D, 2018
)
0.48
" In an open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, 74 patients were randomly assigned to either the IDeg (36 patients) or IGla (38 patients) group and were administered with basal-bolus therapy during hospitalization."( Efficacy and safety of insulin degludec U100 and insulin glargine U100 in combination with meal-time bolus insulin in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: an open-label, randomized controlled study.
Kadonosono, K; Nagakura, J; Oba, M; Okamoto, Y; Sakamoto, R; Shigematsu, E; Shinoda, M; Suzuki, J; Takahashi, K; Takano, T; Tamura, H; Terauchi, Y; Yamakawa, T, 2019
)
0.77

Bioavailability

Insulin glargine is a novel recombinant analog of human insulin with a shift in the isoelectric point producing a retarded absorption rate. An intense 30-min period of exercise does not increase the absorption rate of the subcutaneously injected basal long-acting insulin analog insulinglargine in patients with type 1 diabetes.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"[GlyA21,ArgB31,ArgB32]insulin (HOE 901) represents a biosynthetic human insulin analogue that, due to its isoelectric point, precipitates at neutral tissue pH leading to a retarded absorption rate and a corresponding longer duration of action."( Growth promoting and metabolic activity of the human insulin analogue [GlyA21,ArgB31,ArgB32]insulin (HOE 901) in muscle cells.
Bähr, M; Eckel, J; Kolter, T; Seipke, G, 1997
)
0.3
"In study 1, the time in hours for 25% of the administered radioactivity to disappear after bolus subcutaneous injection (T75%) for NPH insulin indicated a significantly faster absorption rate compared with the 2 insulin glargine formulations (3."( Pharmacokinetics of 125I-labeled insulin glargine (HOE 901) in healthy men: comparison with NPH insulin and the influence of different subcutaneous injection sites.
Coates, PA; Kurzhals, R; Luzio, SD; Owens, DR; Tinbergen, JP, 2000
)
0.77
" There is little or no difference in the absorption rate of insulin glargine between the main subcutaneous injection sites."( Pharmacokinetics of 125I-labeled insulin glargine (HOE 901) in healthy men: comparison with NPH insulin and the influence of different subcutaneous injection sites.
Coates, PA; Kurzhals, R; Luzio, SD; Owens, DR; Tinbergen, JP, 2000
)
0.83
"Insulin glargine (HOE 901, 21(A)-Gly-30(B)a-L-Arg-30(B)b-L-Arg human insulin) is a novel recombinant analog of human insulin with a shift in the isoelectric point producing a retarded absorption rate and an increased duration of action that closely mimics normal basal insulin secretion."( Basal insulin glargine (HOE 901) versus NPH insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily insulin regimens. U.S. Insulin Glargine (HOE 901) Type 1 Diabetes Investigator Group.
Park, G; Rosenstock, J; Zimmerman, J, 2000
)
2.23
"An intense 30-min period of exercise does not increase the absorption rate of the subcutaneously injected basal long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine in patients with type 1 diabetes."( Effects of exercise on the absorption of insulin glargine in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Backx, K; Dunseath, G; Hare, B; Luzio, SD; Miles, A; Owens, DR; Pauvaday, V; Peter, R, 2005
)
0.8
"Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is known to regulate the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and the levels of IGFBP-1 are increased in the morning in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus."( Nocturnal blood glucose and IGFBP-1 changes in type 1 diabetes: Differences in the dawn phenomenon between insulin regimens.
Amemiya, S; Cho, H; Kobayashi, K; Mitsui, Y; Mochizuki, M; Nagamine, K; Nakazawa, S; Ohyama, K; Saitou, T; Yagasaki, H, 2010
)
0.36
" In Study 2, absolute bioavailability of SC LY2605541 was assessed in 8 subjects by comparing dose normalized area under concentration versus time curve of SC against IV administration."( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of the novel, long-acting basal insulin LY2605541 in healthy subjects.
Choi, SL; Howey, DC; Lim, ST; Mace, KF; Sinha, VP; Soon, DK; Yeo, KP, 2014
)
0.4
"Manufacturers of insulin products for diabetes therapy have long sought ways to modify the absorption rate of exogenously administered insulins in an effort to better reproduce the naturally occurring pharmacokinetics of endogenous insulin secretion."( Impact of the mode of protraction of basal insulin therapies on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and resulting clinical outcomes.
Heise, T; Mathieu, C, 2017
)
0.46
" Approximately 6% absolute bioavailability in the bloodstream was estimated for the same formulation through in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats."( Lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for oral delivery of insulin and insulin analogs: preliminary ex vivo and in vivo studies.
Ahmadi, N; Bargoni, A; Battaglia, L; Biasibetti, E; Capucchio, MT; Ghè, C; Marini, E; Milla, P; Muntoni, E, 2019
)
0.51
" SC Gla-300 has lower M1 bioavailability with a reduced BG-lowering effect and need for greater doses versus Gla-100."( Equipotency of insulin glargine 300 and 100 U/mL with intravenous dosing but differential bioavailability with subcutaneous dosing in dogs.
Bolli, GB; Fanelli, CG; Tennagels, N; Werner, U, 2021
)
0.97
" We conducted a randomized, open-label, 2-treatment, 2-period, crossover study in healthy Chinese subjects to evaluate the relative bioavailability of LY IGlar to IGlar and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of LY IGlar."( A Euglycemic Glucose Clamp Study to Evaluate the Bioavailability of LY2963016 Relative to Insulin Glargine in Healthy Chinese Subjects.
Chua, L; Ji, Y; Li, H; Linnebjerg, H; Liu, H; Ma, T; Tham, LS; Wang, F; Yu, Y, 2021
)
0.84

Dosage Studied

A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was conducted. The once-daily flexible dosing of insulin glargine and its smooth, flat profile, associated with fewer episodes of nocturnal hypoglycemia, make it among the safest and most practical treatments.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"This article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, dosing guidelines, adverse effects, and potential drug interactions of insulin glargine, a new long-acting recombinant human insulin analogue."( Insulin glargine.
Baker, D; Campbell, RK; Levien, T; White, JR, 2001
)
1.96
"The pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of insulin glargine are reviewed."( Insulin glargine: a new long-acting insulin product.
Panning, CA; Reinhart, L, 2002
)
1.97
"To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, dosing guidelines, adverse effects, drug interactions, and clinical efficacy of insulin glargine."( Insulin glargine: a new basal insulin.
Baker, DE; Campbell, RK; Levien, TL; White, JR, 2002
)
1.96
" Other drawbacks include inter- and intra-patient variability that compromises dosing reproducibility and unsuitability for single daily dosing."( A review of basal insulins.
Barnett, AH, 2003
)
0.32
"To determine the effect of insulin glargine on glycemic control in pediatric type 1 and 2 diabetes, a retrospective repeated-measure analysis of variance was performed of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), frequency of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, mean blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), and daily weight-adjusted insulin dosage before and after institution of glargine therapy in 72 children and adolescents with diabetes."( Effect of therapy with insulin glargine (lantus) on glycemic control in toddlers, children, and adolescents with diabetes.
Fujishige, L; Geach, J; Hathout, EH; Ischandar, M; Mace, JW; Maruo, S, 2003
)
0.93
" The once-daily flexible dosing of insulin glargine and its smooth, flat profile, associated with fewer episodes of nocturnal hypoglycemia, make it among the safest and most practical tools to date for transforming the paradigm of type 2 diabetes management."( Basal insulin supplementation in type 2 diabetes; refining the tactics.
Rosenstock, J, 2004
)
0.6
"To compare hemoglobin A1c (A1C) values at baseline with those after 1 year of insulin glargine therapy and, secondarily, to compare insulin dosage and patients' body weight at baseline and at 1 year."( The utility of insulin glargine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Bakst, G; Busch, RS; Hamilton, RA; Kane, MP; Stroup, J, 2004
)
0.9
" The A1C values improved significantly from baseline for the evening and the split dosage groups or when all groups were combined."( Improved glycemic control without an increase in severe hypoglycemic episodes in intensively treated patients with type 1 diabetes receiving morning, evening, or split dose insulin glargine.
Chase, HP; D'Souza, A; Garg, SK; Gottlieb, PA; Hisatomi, ME; Izuora, KE; Walker, AJ, 2004
)
0.52
" Insufficient data are available to conclude whether insulin glargine is different from each of the commonly used NPH dosing regimens: once daily and more than once daily."( Systematic review and economic evaluation of a long-acting insulin analogue, insulin glargine.
Beverley, C; Chilcott, J; Warren, E; Weatherley-Jones, E, 2004
)
0.8
" Insulin dosage was titrated to target FBG ( Comparison of basal insulin added to oral agents versus twice-daily premixed insulin as initial insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Janka, HU; Kliebe-Frisch, C; Plewe, G; Riddle, MC; Schweitzer, MA; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2005
)
0.33
" The more pronounced effect of CSII was achieved with a lower daily dosage of insulin."( Optimization of basal insulin delivery in Type 1 diabetes: a retrospective study on the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and insulin glargine.
Eliasson, B; Fahlén, M; Odén, A, 2005
)
0.53
" The data of body mass index, frequency of severe hypoglycaemia, daily mean blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c and total daily insulin dosage before and after institution of glargine therapy were collected."( Therapy with insulin glargine (Lantus) in toddlers, children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Alonso, M; Alvarez, MA; Barrio, R; Colino, E; Golmayo, L; López-Capapé, M, 2005
)
0.7
" All were to be given subcutaneous insulin glargine at a dosage equal to the average of insulin/day administered in the preceding days spent receiving AN."( Use of insulin glargine in patients with hyperglycaemia receiving artificial nutrition.
Del Tosto, S; Fatati, G; Mattei, R; Mirri, E; Palazzi, M; Puxeddu, A; Vendetti, AL, 2005
)
1.06
" Treatment and dosing decisions were made at the physician's discretion, reflecting everyday practice."( Insulin glargine in combination with oral antidiabetic drugs as a cost-equivalent alternative to conventional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Haehling, E; Lechleitner, M; Mueller, M; Roden, M, 2005
)
1.77
"Using a hemoglobin A1c (A1c) value of 7% as a treatment goal based on evidence from interventional studies and a fasting plasma glucose level of 100 mg/dL as a target for titration of dosage of basal insulin, the Treat-to-Target Trial tested two hypotheses."( The Treat-to-Target Trial and related studies.
Riddle, MC,
)
0.13
" Future trials should include hypoglycemia and weight gain as specific, objectively measured endpoints to assess their importance as adverse effects of titrating insulin dosage to target."( The Treat-to-Target Trial and related studies.
Riddle, MC,
)
0.13
" The goals of this study were to evaluate short term result of treatment with insulin glargine compared to NPH and to determine the initial dosage of insulin glargine in Thai adolescents with type 1 diabetes."( Preliminary data of insulin glargine use among Thai adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated at Siriraj Hospital.
Kiattisakthavee, P; Likitmaskul, S; Santiprabhob, J; Sawathiparnich, P, 2005
)
0.88
" We recommend the starting total daily insulin dosage to be decreased to 70-80% of previous dosage."( Preliminary data of insulin glargine use among Thai adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated at Siriraj Hospital.
Kiattisakthavee, P; Likitmaskul, S; Santiprabhob, J; Sawathiparnich, P, 2005
)
0.65
" Mean daily insulin dosage was 12."( Effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine in the therapy of complicated or secondary diabetes: clinical audit.
Bacchelli, M; Carapezzi, C; Ciardullo, AV; Daghio, MM, 2006
)
0.63
" All were to be given subcutaneous insulin glargine at a dosage equal to the average of insulin/day administered in the preceding days spent receiving PN."( Insulin glargine in patients with severe hepato-gastroenterology diseases and hyperglycemia receiving parenteral nutrition.
Coaccioli, S; Fatati, G; Mattei, R; Mirri, E; Palazzi, M; Parillo, M; Pierotti, F; Puxeddu, A; Vendetti, AL; Weber, P,
)
1.85
" Prandial insulin aspart was added to the subcutaneous regimen when patients began oral intake, and the dosage was left to clinical judgment."( Conversion of intravenous insulin infusions to subcutaneously administered insulin glargine in patients with hyperglycemia.
Brandt, S; DeSantis, AJ; Molitch, ME; O'Shea-Mahler, E; Peterson, S; Rhee, C; Schmeltz, LR; Schmidt, K,
)
0.36
" Insulin dosage in each group was titrated to target fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 100 mg/dL or less (( Combination of oral antidiabetic agents with basal insulin versus premixed insulin alone in randomized elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Busch, K; Janka, HU; Plewe, G, 2007
)
0.34
"8 dosing units (DU) (1 DU corresponds to 6 nmol NN344) per kilogram of body weight."( Albumin-bound basal insulin analogues (insulin detemir and NN344): comparable time-action profiles but less variability than insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes.
Damholt, B; Endahl, L; Heise, T; Klein, O; Lynge, J; Nosek, L, 2007
)
0.55
" The aim was to assess prescription patterns and dosing for insulin glargine (market launch: 6/2000) in primary care patients."( Prescription of insulin glargine in primary care practices in Germany.
Giani, G; Haastert, B; Huppertz, E; Kostev, K; Rathmann, W; Riebel, P; Schroeder-Bernhardi, D, 2007
)
0.93
" Attention was paid to dosing schedules and 24-h glycaemic profiles."( Refining basal insulin therapy: what have we learned in the age of analogues?
Devries, JH; Nattrass, M; Pieber, TR, 2007
)
0.34
" Morning administration tends to require higher dosing than evening administration."( Refining basal insulin therapy: what have we learned in the age of analogues?
Devries, JH; Nattrass, M; Pieber, TR, 2007
)
0.34
" Adequate insulin dosing is crucial to the achievement of good glycemic control with minimal hypoglycemia, and dose titration immediately following insulin initiation is needed to ensure its success."( Dosing of insulin glargine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Barnett, A, 2007
)
0.74
"Insulin glargine (Lantus, Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ) is a long-acting once-daily dosed form of insulin intended to maintain a constant baseline insulin level."( Lantus overdose: case presentation and management options.
Fuller, ET; Janke, C; Kaylor, DW; Miller, MA, 2009
)
1.8
" The mean therapeutic dosage of insulin glargine in group A was 14."( Therapeutic options for elderly diabetic subjects: open label, randomized clinical trial of insulin glargine added to oral antidiabetic drugs versus increased dosage of oral antidiabetic drugs.
Alagona, C; Chiavetta, A; Fedele, V; Leotta, C; Lorenti, I; Luca, S; Papa, G; Pezzino, V; Piro, S; Purrello, F; Rabuazzo, AM; Spadaro, L, 2008
)
0.85
" With detemir, 45% of participants completed the study on once daily dosing and 55% on twice daily dosing, with no difference in HbA(1c)."( A randomised, 52-week, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with insulin glargine when administered as add-on to glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes.
Davies, M; Home, PD; Koenen, C; Larsen, J; Rosenstock, J; Schernthaner, G, 2008
)
0.58
" This study in healthy cats demonstrates that glargine has a long duration of action with carry-over effects to the next day likely, regardless of dosing regimen."( Insulin glargine has a long duration of effect following administration either once daily or twice daily in divided doses in healthy cats.
Marshall, RD; Morton, JM; Rand, JS, 2008
)
1.79
" Thresholds for dosing accuracy were calculated according to the 2000 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommendations (Guideline 11608-1)."( Dosing accuracy with a novel pen device (SoloSTAR) as performed by patients with diabetes in a clinical setting.
Haak, T; Hermanns, N; Kulzer, B, 2008
)
0.35
"The SoloSTAR pen allows people with diabetes to achieve a dosing accuracy with glargine and glulisine similar to that achieved in laboratory conditions."( Dosing accuracy with a novel pen device (SoloSTAR) as performed by patients with diabetes in a clinical setting.
Haak, T; Hermanns, N; Kulzer, B, 2008
)
0.35
" This study compared the dosing accuracy of two commonly available insulin pens, the SoloSTAR (sanofi-aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany) and FlexPen (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) devices."( Dose accuracy comparison between SoloSTAR and FlexPen at three different dose levels.
Horvat, K; Penfornis, A, 2008
)
0.35
"4 U/kg of detemir and glargine was injected subcutaneously 24 h apart at each of two dosing visits."( Insulin detemir is characterized by a more reproducible pharmacokinetic profile than insulin glargine in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
Danne, T; Datz, N; Endahl, L; Fjording, MS; Haahr, H; Kordonouri, O; Nestoris, C; Westergaard, L, 2008
)
0.57
" We propose a method and a number of indicators to measure patients' conformance to these insulin dosing guidelines."( A novel method for measuring patients' adherence to insulin dosing guidelines: introducing indicators of adherence.
Bar-Hen, A; Cahané, M; Choleau, C; Reach, G; Toussi, M; Venot, A, 2008
)
0.35
"Once-daily dosing with insulin detemir and insulin glargine were compared in a double-blind, randomised, crossover study in type 2 diabetes subjects previously treated with other antihyperglycaemic medications."( Once-daily insulin detemir is comparable to once-daily insulin glargine in providing glycaemic control over 24 h in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized, crossover study.
King, AB, 2009
)
0.86
"Total insulin dosage on the last treatment day was approximately 40."( Glycemic exposure is affected favorably by inhaled human insulin (Exubera) as compared with subcutaneous insulin glargine (Lantus) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Davies, S; Heinemann, L; Hompesch, M; Kollmeier, A; Mitnick, M; Rave, K; Strack, T, 2009
)
0.57
" We found no dose-response relationship between end-of-study insulin dose and hypoglycaemia or weight gain."( Contact frequency determines outcome of basal insulin initiation trials in type 2 diabetes.
DeVries, JH; Swinnen, SGHA, 2009
)
0.35
" These results potentially support once-daily dosing of ILPS in T2DM."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin lispro protamine suspension compared with insulin glargine and insulin detemir in type 2 diabetes.
Campaigne, BN; Hompesch, M; Jacober, SJ; Kollmeier, AP; Morrow, LA; Ocheltree, SM; Wondmagegnehu, ET, 2009
)
0.57
" Efficacy was likely reduced because of the upper limit of insulin glargine dosage imposed by some providers as a safety consideration."( Cleveland Clinic cardiovascular intensive care unit insulin conversion protocol.
Hoogwerf, B; Lober, C; Olansky, L; Sam, S; Yared, JP, 2009
)
0.6
" Prefilled insulin pens are preferred by healthcare providers and patients because of ease-of-use, dosage flexibility, disposability, and widespread availability."( The broken pen penalty.
Ayyappan, S; Jain, A; Konezny, M; Lakshmanadoss, U; Rajamani, K, 2010
)
0.36
" Further, the mean dosage to achieve this glucose goal was the same with both insulins."( No higher dose requirements with insulin detemir than glargine in type 2 diabetes: a crossover, double-blind, and randomized study using continuous glucose monitoring.
King, AB, 2010
)
0.36
" Previous studies have demonstrated noninferiority of insulin detemir, dosed once or twice daily, and insulin glargine, dosed once daily."( An analysis of dosing equivalence of insulin detemir and insulin glargine: more evidence?
True, MW, 2010
)
0.82
"To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic dose-response effects of insulin glargine administered subcutaneously in individuals with type 2 diabetes."( Dose-response effects of insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes.
Briscoe, VJ; Davis, SN; Gogitidze Joy, N; Hedrington, MS; Nicholson, W; Richardson, MA; Tate, DB; Wang, Z; Younk, L, 2010
)
0.89
" After reduction of the metformin dosage (500 mg twice daily) and discontinuance of exenatide as well as a reduction of his physical activity (because of joint pain) for six months, the glucose control worsened."( [Sequential treatment with insulin glargine and metformin, and exenatide in a patient with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes].
Kress, S, 2010
)
0.66
" The key information for the synthesis of the control algorithm is the subject insulin sensitivity that is calculated for two cases: (a) when the subject's glycemia and insulin dosing information is known (sensitivity response) and (b) when there is no previous information about the subject's response to the insulin protocol."( An advisory protocol for rapid- and slow-acting insulin therapy based on a run-to-run methodology.
Campos-Cornejo, F; Campos-Delgado, DU; Dassau, E; Doyle, FJ; Espinoza-Trejo, D; Jovanovic, L; Zisser, H, 2010
)
0.36
" Our study results suggest that premixed therapy, dosed 2 times per day (LM75/25) or 3 times per day (LM50/50), was noninferior to BBT (4 injections/d) in this population of adult patients with type 2 DM previously uncontrolled with OADs plus basal insulin or twice-daily premixed insulin."( Randomized, open-label, parallel-group evaluations of basal-bolus therapy versus insulin lispro premixed therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus failing to achieve control with starter insulin treatment and continuing oral antihyperglycemic drug
Anderson, PW; Arakaki, R; Fahrbach, JL; Jiang, H; Miser, WF; Scism-Bacon, J, 2010
)
0.36
" Furthermore, intensive glycemic control was achieved with insulin detemir in insulin dependent diabetic dogs, using a lower dosage than NPH insulin and insulin glargine therapeutic doses."( Time-action profiles of insulin detemir in normal and diabetic dogs.
Arai, T; Ishioka, K; Kurishima, M; Lee, P; Makino, Y; Miki, Y; Mimura, K; Mizutani, H; Mori, A; Nozawa, S; Oda, H; Saeki, K; Sako, T, 2011
)
0.57
"Since their introduction, insulin analogues are the preferred choice for short-acting insulin due to their superior pharmacologic profiles, leading to greater flexibility and convenience of dosing and, thus, greater patient satisfaction and improved quality of life."( Insulin analogues in the management of the pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus.
Durnwald, CP; Landon, MB, 2011
)
0.37
"A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was conducted to compare dosing and impact of two basal insulin analogs, insulin glargine (glargine) and insulin detemir (detemir), on weight and hemoglobin A1c (A1c)."( Relationship of insulin dose, A1c lowering, and weight in type 2 diabetes: comparing insulin glargine and insulin detemir.
Admane, K; Dailey, G; Mercier, F; Owens, D, 2010
)
0.78
" Average increases in insulin dosage with exenatide and placebo were 13 U/d and 20 U/d."( Use of twice-daily exenatide in Basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial.
Bergenstal, RM; Buse, JB; Glass, LC; Heilmann, CR; Hoogwerf, BJ; Kwan, AY; Lewis, MS; Rosenstock, J, 2011
)
0.37
"Insulin degludec provides comparable glycaemic control to insulin glargine without additional adverse events and might reduce dosing frequency due to its ultra-long action profile."( Insulin degludec, an ultra-long-acting basal insulin, once a day or three times a week versus insulin glargine once a day in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 16-week, randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial.
Endahl, LA; Fulcher, G; Johansen, T; Lewin, A; Lindh, R; Mathieu, C; Pinget, M; Rao, PV; Rosenstock, J; Thomas, N; Zinman, B, 2011
)
0.83
" Insulin glargine was dosed once-daily in the evening."( Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Devries, JH; Hoekstra, JB; Holleman, F; Simon, AC; Swinnen, SG, 2011
)
1.59
" Dose-response relationships could not be identified."( Risk of cancer in patients on insulin glargine and other insulin analogues in comparison with those on human insulin: results from a large population-based follow-up study.
Coebergh, JW; Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, PH; Haak, HR; Herings, RM; Ruiter, R; Straus, SM; Stricker, BH; van Herk-Sukel, MP; Visser, LE, 2012
)
0.67
" Further studies are necessary to test glargine at higher dosage and for a longer follow-up period."( Slow-release insulin in cystic fibrosis patients with glucose intolerance: a randomized clinical trial.
Bagnasco, F; Bertasi, S; Casciaro, R; Cialdella, P; De Alessandri, A; Haupt, M; Haupt, R; Lorini, R; Lucidi, V; Minicucci, L; Notarnicola, S; Raia, V, 2012
)
0.38
"Development of protected graft copolymer (PGC) excipients that bind native human insulin non-covalently and testing blood glucose control obtained with these formulations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats compared to equally dosed insulin glargine."( Protected graft copolymer (PGC) basal formulation of insulin as potentially safer alternative to Lantus® (insulin-glargine): a streptozotocin-induced, diabetic Sprague Dawley rats study.
Banerjee, A; Bogdanov, A; Bolotin, EM; Castillo, GM; Lai, M; Lyubimov, AV; Nishimoto-Ashfield, A; Reichstetter, S, 2012
)
0.56
" Insulin glargine was replaced with the same dosage of NPH insulin."( Insulin glargine or neutral protamine Hagedorn in patients with severe insulin resistance: Is there a benefit?
Bota, VM; Hirsch, IB,
)
2.48
" An expected reduction in dosing frequency, as well as in the basal insulin dose was reported for glargine vs."( Outcomes with insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes previously on NPH insulin: evidence from clinical practice in Spain.
Delgado, E, 2012
)
0.74
"To evaluate the mathematical relationships between dosing factors in type 1 diabetic patients using multiple daily injections."( How much do I give? Dose estimation formulas for once-nightly insulin glargine and premeal insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Clark, D; King, AB; Wolfe, GS,
)
0.37
" For determining dosing formulas, the slope of the linear regression line comparing the variables of weight, total daily dose (TDD), total basal dose (TBD), insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio (ICR), and correction factor (CF) was determined."( How much do I give? Dose estimation formulas for once-nightly insulin glargine and premeal insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Clark, D; King, AB; Wolfe, GS,
)
0.37
"Our results suggest that appropriate starting dosage and subsequent dose adjustment are essential to achieve target HbA1c (<7%) and that the FPG level should be decreased to be 110 mg/dL or below for this achievement."( Dosing of insulin glargine to achieve the treatment target in Japanese type 2 diabetes on a basal supported oral therapy regimen in real life: ALOHA study subanalysis.
Kadowaki, T; Odawara, M; Ohtani, T, 2012
)
0.78
" Targeting insulin titration to this glucose level may result in excessive basal insulin dosing for the non-dawn phenomenon periods of the day."( Contribution of the dawn phenomenon to the fasting and postbreakfast hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes treated with once-nightly insulin glargine.
Clark, D; King, AB; Wolfe, GS,
)
0.34
"Reduction of initial glargine/glulisine insulin weight-based dosing in hospitalized patients with diabetes and renal insufficiency reduced the frequency of hypoglycemia by 50% without compromising the control of hyperglycemia."( A randomized trial of two weight-based doses of insulin glargine and glulisine in hospitalized subjects with type 2 diabetes and renal insufficiency.
Baldwin, D; DeLange-Hudec, S; Emanuele, MA; Glossop, V; Lee, H; Molitch, M; Munoz, C; Raghu, P; Smallwood, K; Zander, J, 2012
)
0.63
" However, high dosage of NPH insulin often occurs nocturnal hypoglycemia."( Efficacy of long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine at high dosage for basal-bolus insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Fukagawa, M; Kimura, M; Kondo, M; Kuriyama, Y; Miyatake, H; Miyauchi, M; Sato, H; Suzuki, D; Tanaka, E; Toyoda, M; Umezono, T; Yamamoto, N, 2012
)
0.65
" After the switching, the basal insulin was increased with reference to the self-monitoring of blood glucose results, with the aim of maintaining fasting blood sugar (FBS) level at 110 mg/dL, and simultaneously reducing the bolus insulin dosage to maintain the total daily insulin dosage."( Efficacy of long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine at high dosage for basal-bolus insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Fukagawa, M; Kimura, M; Kondo, M; Kuriyama, Y; Miyatake, H; Miyauchi, M; Sato, H; Suzuki, D; Tanaka, E; Toyoda, M; Umezono, T; Yamamoto, N, 2012
)
0.65
" While insulin Glu is usually injected just before meals, postprandial injection may help to avoid unexpected postprandial hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia by adjusting the insulin dosage according to food intake."( Comparison of daily glucose excursion by continuous glucose monitoring between type 2 diabetic patients receiving preprandial insulin aspart or postprandial insulin glulisine.
Arai, K; Asai, S; Fukuda, H; Katabami, T; Kato, H; Nagai, Y; Nishine, A; Ohta, A; Sada, Y; Tanaka, Y, 2013
)
0.39
"To investigate concentration of plasma insulin glargine after its subcutaneous dosing compared with concentration of its metabolites 1 (M1) and 2 (M2) in subjects with type 2 diabetes."( Metabolism of insulin glargine after repeated daily subcutaneous injections in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Andreoli, AM; Bolli, GB; Candeloro, P; Cioli, P; Fanelli, CG; Hahn, A; Lucidi, P; Porcellati, F; Rossetti, P; Schmidt, R, 2012
)
1.01
" Subjects were then randomized to three evening insulin glargine dosing strategies: (a) take 80% of usual dose, (b) call physician for dose, or (c) refer to dosing table, based on self-reported usual FBG and insulin regimen."( Insulin glargine dosing before next-day surgery: comparing three strategies.
Arndt-Mutz, M; Balasubramaniam, M; Dukatz, T; Henry, M; Jahn, R; Miller, V; Ramsdell, C; Rogers, K; Rosenblatt, SI; Sakharova, A, 2012
)
2.08
" In the insulin glargine plus bolus group, fewer subjects following the dosing table had FBG > 249 mg/dL (> 13."( Insulin glargine dosing before next-day surgery: comparing three strategies.
Arndt-Mutz, M; Balasubramaniam, M; Dukatz, T; Henry, M; Jahn, R; Miller, V; Ramsdell, C; Rogers, K; Rosenblatt, SI; Sakharova, A, 2012
)
2.26
"To compare the efficacy and safety of dosing insulin glargine by weight versus percentage of TDI in cardiac surgery patients transitioning from continuous insulin infusion to subcutaneous insulin."( Converting continuous insulin infusion to subcutaneous insulin glargine after cardiac surgery using percentage-based versus weight-based dosing: a pilot trial.
Hite, MS; Kirshner, R; Silinskie, KM, 2013
)
0.9
"In this small cohort, dosing insulin glargine by weight proved to be safe, but larger scale studies are needed before adopting weight-based dosing in this patient population."( Converting continuous insulin infusion to subcutaneous insulin glargine after cardiac surgery using percentage-based versus weight-based dosing: a pilot trial.
Hite, MS; Kirshner, R; Silinskie, KM, 2013
)
0.93
" Participants were randomized to 1) once-daily (OD) IDeg in a prespecified dosing schedule, creating 8-40-h intervals between injections (IDeg OD Flex; n = 229); 2) once-daily IDeg at the main evening meal (IDeg OD; n = 228); or 3) once-daily insulin glargine at the same time each day (IGlar OD; n = 230)."( The efficacy and safety of insulin degludec given in variable once-daily dosing intervals compared with insulin glargine and insulin degludec dosed at the same time daily: a 26-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, treat-to-target trial in individ
Atkin, SL; Bain, S; Begtrup, K; Birkeland, KI; Blonde, L; Gough, SC; Johansen, T; Meneghini, L; Raz, I; Shestakova, M, 2013
)
0.79
"The use of extreme dosing intervals of 8-40 h demonstrates that the daily injection time of IDeg can be varied without compromising glycemic control or safety."( The efficacy and safety of insulin degludec given in variable once-daily dosing intervals compared with insulin glargine and insulin degludec dosed at the same time daily: a 26-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, treat-to-target trial in individ
Atkin, SL; Bain, S; Begtrup, K; Birkeland, KI; Blonde, L; Gough, SC; Johansen, T; Meneghini, L; Raz, I; Shestakova, M, 2013
)
0.6
"0% are attained with glargine dosage ≤0."( Clinical predictors of risk of hypoglycaemia during addition and titration of insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Gill, J; Karl, DM; Riddle, MC; Zhou, R, 2013
)
0.62
" IDegAsp was given before the largest meal at the discretion of each subject (and maintained throughout the trial); IGlar was dosed according to label."( Superior glycaemic control with once-daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart versus insulin glargine in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral drugs: a randomized, controlled phase 3 trial.
Endahl, L; Nakamura, S; Onishi, Y; Ono, Y; Rabøl, R, 2013
)
0.62
"8 kg/m(2), and daily glargine dosage of 44 units."( Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with newly initiated and continuously titrated basal insulin glargine: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study (GetGoal-Duo 1).
Aronson, R; Forst, T; Ping, L; Riddle, MC; Rosenstock, J; Sauque-Reyna, L; Silvestre, L; Souhami, E, 2013
)
0.6
" Insulin dosage or duration of use and tumor stage did not change the results."( Risk of breast cancer by individual insulin use: an international multicenter study.
Abenhaim, L; Alpérovitch, A; Barnett, AH; Bénichou, J; Boivin, JF; Cameron, D; Charbonnel, B; Grimaldi-Bensouda, L; Khachatryan, A; Marty, M; Mignot, L; Penault-Llorca, F; Pollak, M; Riddle, M; Rossignol, M, 2014
)
0.4
" The importance of patient education in overcoming barriers to insulin is discussed, as well as the choice of available basal insulins and the necessity to optimize basal insulin dosage by self-titration."( Initiating basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: practical steps to optimize glycemic control.
Philis-Tsimikas, A, 2013
)
0.39
"Using the weighing procedure recommended by DIN EN ISO 11608-1:2000, dose accuracy was evaluated based on nonrandomized delivery of low (5 U), mid (30 U), and high (60 U) dosage levels."( Dose accuracy and injection force of different insulin glargine pens.
Abdel-Tawab, M; Adler, S; Bohnet, J; Friedrichs, A; Korger, V; Schubert-Zsilavecz, M, 2013
)
0.65
"All tested pens delivered comparable average doses within the DIN EN ISO 11608-1:2000 limits at all dosage levels."( Dose accuracy and injection force of different insulin glargine pens.
Abdel-Tawab, M; Adler, S; Bohnet, J; Friedrichs, A; Korger, V; Schubert-Zsilavecz, M, 2013
)
0.65
"All pens fulfilled the dose accuracy requirements defined by DIN EN ISO 11608-1:2000 standards at all three dosage levels, with the WR, WD, and GL showing higher dosage variability and injection force compared with the SS and CS."( Dose accuracy and injection force of different insulin glargine pens.
Abdel-Tawab, M; Adler, S; Bohnet, J; Friedrichs, A; Korger, V; Schubert-Zsilavecz, M, 2013
)
0.65
"To review the available evidence regarding dosing conversion between glargine and detemir in an effort to assist clinicians in performing dosing conversion."( Comparing dosing of basal insulin analogues detemir and glargine: is it really unit-per-unit and dose-per-dose?
McFarland, MS; Wallace, JL; Wallace, JP, 2014
)
0.4
"All English-language clinical trials were reviewed for inclusion of dosing and/or pharmacokinetic data."( Comparing dosing of basal insulin analogues detemir and glargine: is it really unit-per-unit and dose-per-dose?
McFarland, MS; Wallace, JL; Wallace, JP, 2014
)
0.4
"A total of 7 large (n ≥ 258) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing glargine and detemir in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes had dosing equivalency data available."( Comparing dosing of basal insulin analogues detemir and glargine: is it really unit-per-unit and dose-per-dose?
McFarland, MS; Wallace, JL; Wallace, JP, 2014
)
0.4
"4 U/kg IDeg or insulin glargine (IGlar), respectively, on two separate dosing visits, with pharmacokinetic blood sampling up to 72-h postdose."( Insulin degludec's ultra-long pharmacokinetic properties observed in adults are retained in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Aschemeier, B; Biester, T; Blaesig, S; Danne, T; Granhall, C; Haahr, H; Kordonouri, O; Kristensen, NR; Remus, K; Søndergaard, F, 2014
)
0.76
"The inferior glycaemic control and increased risk of hypoglycaemia with IDeg 3TW compared with IGlar OD do not support a three-times-weekly dosing regimen."( Efficacy and safety of insulin degludec three times a week versus insulin glargine once a day in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: results of two phase 3, 26 week, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target, non-inferiority trials.
Bode, B; DeVries, JH; Johansen, T; Leiter, LA; Moses, A; Ratner, R; Russell-Jones, D; Zinman, B, 2013
)
0.63
"Because insulin dosing requires optimization of glycemic control, it is important to use a single metric of benefit and risk to determine best insulin dosing practices."( A clinical utility index for selecting an optimal insulin dosing algorithm for LY2605541 in patients with type 2 diabetes pretreated with basal insulin.
Berry, S; Gaydos, BL; Jacober, SJ; Luo, J; Manner, DH; Qu, Y, 2014
)
0.4
"A CUI was developed to transform the multidimensional problem of assessing benefit/risk of multiple dosing algorithms into a single decision-making metric to evaluate two LY2605541 dosing algorithms relative to the insulin glargine (GL) dosing algorithm."( A clinical utility index for selecting an optimal insulin dosing algorithm for LY2605541 in patients with type 2 diabetes pretreated with basal insulin.
Berry, S; Gaydos, BL; Jacober, SJ; Luo, J; Manner, DH; Qu, Y, 2014
)
0.59
"CUI methodology, and in particular this CUI, is a useful tool for comparing dosing algorithms."( A clinical utility index for selecting an optimal insulin dosing algorithm for LY2605541 in patients with type 2 diabetes pretreated with basal insulin.
Berry, S; Gaydos, BL; Jacober, SJ; Luo, J; Manner, DH; Qu, Y, 2014
)
0.4
" After proper education, patients titrated the insulin dosage under self-monitoring with the help of their attending physicians."( [Evaluation of the DIABOBHU Observational Study].
Bakó, B; Gaál, Z; Papp, Z, 2014
)
0.4
"1 mU/min) in three dosing periods and insulin glargine (20 or 30 mU/m(2)/min) in a fourth period, targeted to achieve 50-100% suppression of EGP."( Basal insulin peglispro demonstrates preferential hepatic versus peripheral action relative to insulin glargine in healthy subjects.
Armstrong, DA; Bose, N; Burke, P; Choi, SL; Ciaraldi, TP; Garhyan, P; Henry, RR; Jacober, SJ; Knadler, MP; Lam, EC; Linnebjerg, H; Mudaliar, S; Pettus, J; Porksen, N; Prince, MJ; Sinha, VP, 2014
)
0.89
" The insulin dosing algorithm was not sufficient to equalize nocturnal hypoglycaemia between the two insulins."( Modulation of insulin dose titration using a hypoglycaemia-sensitive algorithm: insulin glargine versus neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin in insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes.
Bolli, GB; Candelas, C; Dain, MP; Deerochanawong, C; Home, PD; Landgraf, W; Mathieu, C; Pilorget, V; Riddle, MC, 2015
)
0.64
"Optimal dosing of basal insulin is needed to achieve target fasting blood glucose and to avoid hypoglycaemia on the other hand in patients of type 2 diabetes on bedtime basal insulin and daytime sulfonylureas."( Study of optimal basal insulin glargine dose requirement in Indian population as an add on therapy to oral hypoglycaemic agents to achieve target fasting blood glucose levels.
Agarwal, SK; Singh, BK; Wadhwa, R, 2013
)
0.7
"The strategies that aim at preventing diabetic retinopathy by treating T2DM patients with long-acting insulin analogues remain further prospective studies with longer follow-up period to validate our observations within an appropriate dosage range and to further evaluate the safety of long-acting insulin analogues on reducing the progression of diabetic retinopathy."( Long-acting insulin analogues and diabetic retinopathy: a retrospective cohort study.
Lai, MS; Lin, JC; Shau, WY, 2014
)
0.4
" Significant differences were observed between the basal insulin groups for glycated hemoglobin level and dosing frequency."( Use of basal insulin and the associated clinical outcomes among elderly nursing home residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective chart review study.
Davis, KL; Kilpatrick, BS; Meyers, JL; Pandya, N; Wei, W, 2014
)
0.4
" Differences in glycated hemoglobin and dosing frequencies between types of basal insulin warrant further comparative effectiveness studies."( Use of basal insulin and the associated clinical outcomes among elderly nursing home residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective chart review study.
Davis, KL; Kilpatrick, BS; Meyers, JL; Pandya, N; Wei, W, 2014
)
0.4
"This may enable for a more flexible daytime dosing versus up to now available basal insulins."( [Daytime flexible application of Insulin degludec in patients with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes].
Jaeckel, E; Lüdemann, J; Milek, K; Segner, A; Wilhelm, B, 2014
)
0.4
" Both phase 3 studies compared a daytime flexible dosing of IDeg (IDeg-flex) with IDeg at the evening meal (IDeg-evening) and IDler at a fixed daytime."( [Daytime flexible application of Insulin degludec in patients with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes].
Jaeckel, E; Lüdemann, J; Milek, K; Segner, A; Wilhelm, B, 2014
)
0.4
" Data regarding blood glucose control, insulin dosage adjustment and recording of hypoglycemia episodes were obtained through telephone calls; office visits were conducted to measure weight, glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and blood glucose profile."( Replacing Insulin Glargine with Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) Insulin in a Subpopulation of Study Subjects in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD): Effects on Blood Glucose Levels, Hypoglycemia and Patient Satisfaction.
Berard, L; Cameron, B; Stewart, J; Woo, V, 2015
)
0.82
"The limitations of current basal insulin preparations include concerns related to their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, hypoglycaemia, weight gain, and perception of management complexity, including rigid dosing schedules."( Clinical use of insulin degludec.
Cariou, B; Evans, M; Gross, JL; Harris, S; Landstedt-Hallin, L; Meneghini, L; Mithal, A; Rodriguez, MR; Vora, J, 2015
)
0.42
" The evenly distributed glucose-lowering effect of IDeg was confirmed by the AUCGIR across one dosing interval, as each of the four 6-h intervals across one dosing interval contributed ∼ 25% of the AUCGIR,τ,SS."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of insulin degludec and insulin glargine.
Bøttcher, SG; Haahr, H; Heise, T; Hermanski, L; Hövelmann, U; Nosek, L, 2015
)
0.64
" Exposure and glucose-lowering effects are more stable and evenly distributed across one dosing interval for IDeg versus IGlar (Clinical trials."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of insulin degludec and insulin glargine.
Bøttcher, SG; Haahr, H; Heise, T; Hermanski, L; Hövelmann, U; Nosek, L, 2015
)
0.64
" The biggest disadvantage of this product is the slightly higher insulin dosage that is required to improve and/or maintain patients' HbA1c."( The role of Toujeo®, insulin glargine U-300, in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Brown, MA; Davis, CS; Fleming, JW; Fleming, LW, 2016
)
0.75
" IDegAsp once daily was administered with the main evening meal or the largest meal of the day (agreed at baseline); dosing time was maintained throughout the trial."( Efficacy and safety of once-daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart compared with once-daily insulin glargine in participants with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized, treat-to-target study.
Bode, B; Demirağ, NG; Endahl, L; Jang, HC; Kumar, S; Skjøth, TV, 2017
)
0.68
" Single dosing of the long-acting insulin analogue glargine was able to dose-dependently reduce blood glucose over 4 h towards normoglycemia in STZ-treated rats."( Short- and Longterm Glycemic Control of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Using Different Insulin Preparations.
Bedenik, J; Grempler, R; Luippold, G; Voigt, A, 2016
)
0.43
" Reasons for TA-overruling dosing decisions were hypoglycemic events (14 mild/4 moderate) in 9 patients."( Real-World Data Collection Regarding Titration Algorithms for Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Flacke, F; Funke, K; Pfützner, A; Pohlmeier, H; Rose, L; Sieber, J; Stratmann, B; Tschoepe, D, 2016
)
0.67
" An electronic diary facilitated data capture and insulin dosing calculations for intensive insulin management."( A randomized clinical trial comparing basal insulin peglispro and insulin glargine, in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 1 diabetes: IMAGINE 1.
Bastyr, EJ; Dreyer, M; Garg, S; Hartman, ML; Jacober, SJ; Jinnouchi, H; Mou, J; Qu, Y; Rosilio, M, 2016
)
0.67
" Compared to Gla-100, Gla-300 achieves lower and delayed peak concentrations with a PK exposure that is more stable and evenly distributed across a 24-h dosing interval."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glargine 300 U/mL in the treatment of diabetes and their clinical relevance.
Owens, DR, 2016
)
0.7
" The aim of this study was to compare the impacts of two modes of insulin administration (single injections of long-acting insulin or pump delivery of rapid-acting insulin) at the same dosage (4 IU/200 g/day) on rat metabolism and tissues."( Impact of the Type of Continuous Insulin Administration on Metabolism in a Diabetic Rat Model.
Bietiger, W; Dal, S; Jeandidier, N; Langlois, A; Maillard, E; Mura, C; Peronet, C; Pinget, M; Schaschkow, A; Seyfritz, E; Sigrist, S; Sookhareea, C, 2016
)
0.43
" Indeed, NPH insulin remains widely used today despite a frequent need for a twice-daily dosing and a relatively high incidence of hypoglycaemia."( Impact of the mode of protraction of basal insulin therapies on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and resulting clinical outcomes.
Heise, T; Mathieu, C, 2017
)
0.46
" Gla-300 is available in an insulin pen to mitigate potential dosing errors with different glargine concentrations; the maximum dose per injection is 80 units."( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of insulin glargine U300 for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Hurren, KM; O'Neill, JL, 2016
)
0.69
"Nocturnal-confirmed hypoglycemia was higher with IGlar whereas overall and diurnal hypoglycemia were higher with IDegAsp dosed at breakfast."( Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart versus Insulin Glargine (U100) for 52 Weeks in Insulin-Naïve Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Franek, E; Kumar, A; Mersebach, H; Niemeyer, M; Simó, R; Wise, J, 2016
)
0.67
" Our objective was to compare preoperative glargine dosing regimens on perioperative glycemic control in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery."( Effect of basal insulin dosage on blood glucose concentration in ambulatory surgery patients with type 2 diabetes.
Carlson, KT; Demma, LJ; Duggan, EW; Morrow, JG; Umpierrez, G, 2017
)
0.46
" The day-to-day variability in glucose-lowering effect assessed in 2-hour intervals was consistently low with IDeg over 24 hours, but steadily increased with IGlar-U300 to a maximum at 10 to 12 hours and 12 to 14 hours after dosing (variance ratios 12."( Insulin degludec: Lower day-to-day and within-day variability in pharmacodynamic response compared with insulin glargine 300 U/mL in type 1 diabetes.
Famulla, S; Haahr, HL; Heise, T; Kaplan, K; Nosek, L; Nørskov, M, 2017
)
0.67
" Despite glycated haemoglobin concentrations being lower with IDegLira at end of treatment, confirmed and nocturnal-confirmed hypoglycaemia rates were lower for IDegLira vs IDeg and IGlar U100, irrespective of dosing time."( Rates of hypoglycaemia are lower in patients treated with insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) than with IDeg or insulin glargine, regardless of the hypoglycaemia definition used.
Chen, R; Heller, S; Jaeckel, E; Jarlov, H; Lehmann, L; Lingvay, I; Norwood, P, 2017
)
0.66
"Treatment with IDegLira, vs IDeg and IGlar U100, resulted in lower rates of hypoglycaemia regardless of dosing time and definition of hypoglycaemia used."( Rates of hypoglycaemia are lower in patients treated with insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) than with IDeg or insulin glargine, regardless of the hypoglycaemia definition used.
Chen, R; Heller, S; Jaeckel, E; Jarlov, H; Lehmann, L; Lingvay, I; Norwood, P, 2017
)
0.66
"Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive once-daily insulin degludec followed by insulin glargine U100 (n = 249) or to receive insulin glargine U100 followed by insulin degludec (n = 252) and randomized 1:1 to morning or evening dosing within each treatment sequence."( Effect of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine U100 on Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: The SWITCH 1 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Bailey, TS; Gerety, G; Gumprecht, J; Hansen, CT; Lane, W; Nielsen, TSS; Philis-Tsimikas, A; Warren, M, 2017
)
0.97
"Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive once-daily insulin degludec followed by insulin glargine U100 (n = 361) or to receive insulin glargine U100 followed by insulin degludec (n = 360) and randomized 1:1 to morning or evening dosing within each treatment sequence."( Effect of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine U100 on Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SWITCH 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Bhargava, A; Chaykin, L; de la Rosa, R; Handelsman, Y; Kvist, K; Norwood, P; Troelsen, LN; Wysham, C, 2017
)
0.97
" Two control dosing algorithms were included for comparison: no insulin lispro (basal insulin+metformin only) or insulin lispro with fixed doses without titration."( Simulation-Based Evaluation of Dose-Titration Algorithms for Rapid-Acting Insulin in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled on Basal Insulin and Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications.
Chien, JY; Johnson, J; Ma, X; Malone, J; Sinha, V, 2017
)
0.46
"Of the seven dosing algorithms assessed, daily adjustment of insulin lispro dose, when glucose targets were met at pre-breakfast, pre-lunch, and pre-dinner, sequentially, demonstrated greater HbA1c reduction at 24 weeks, compared with the other dosing algorithms."( Simulation-Based Evaluation of Dose-Titration Algorithms for Rapid-Acting Insulin in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled on Basal Insulin and Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications.
Chien, JY; Johnson, J; Ma, X; Malone, J; Sinha, V, 2017
)
0.46
"Our model-based simulations support a simplified dosing algorithm that does not include carbohydrate counting, but that includes glucose targets for daily dose adjustment to maintain glycemic control with a low risk of hypoglycemia."( Simulation-Based Evaluation of Dose-Titration Algorithms for Rapid-Acting Insulin in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled on Basal Insulin and Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications.
Chien, JY; Johnson, J; Ma, X; Malone, J; Sinha, V, 2017
)
0.46
" In the US, iGlarLixi is available in a 3:1 ratio of iGlar and lixisenatide, respectively, across the dosage range of 15-60 U of iGlar and 5-20 µg of lixisenatide."( iGlarLixi, a titratable once-daily fixed-ratio combination of basal insulin and lixisenatide for intensifying type 2 diabetes management for patients inadequately controlled on basal insulin with or without oral agents.
Dupree, RS; Johnson, EL; Skolnik, N, 2017
)
0.46
" Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 algorithms: they either increased their dosage by 1 unit/day (INSIGHT, n=108) or the dose was adjusted by the investigator at least once weekly, but no more often than every 3 days (EDITION, n=104)."( TITRATION: A Randomized Study to Assess 2 Treatment Algorithms with New Insulin Glargine 300 units/mL.
Berard, L; Groleau, M; Harris, SB; Javadi, P; Stewart, J; Yale, JF, 2017
)
0.69
"Both studies were single-dose, randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover studies with ≥7 days between dosing periods."( Single-dose euglycaemic clamp studies demonstrating pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic similarity between MK-1293 insulin glargine and originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in subjects with type 1 diabetes and healthy subjects.
Barbour, AM; Crutchlow, MF; Hompesch, M; Mahon, CD; Marcos, MC; Morrow, L; Mostoller, KM; Palcza, JS; Watkins, E; Xu, Y, 2018
)
0.69
"001), and dosing of glargine (r2=0."( Predictors of Glycemic Response and Change in HbA1c Following Newly Initiated Basal Insulin Among Insulin Naïve Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.
Aghili, R; Ebrahim Valojerdi, A; Khamseh, ME; Malek, M, 2017
)
0.46
" This study evaluated differences in dosing and clinical outcomes before and after Gla-300 treatment initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes starting or switching to treatment with Gla-300 to assess whether the benefits observed in clinical trials translate into real-world settings."( Treatment Dosing Patterns and Clinical Outcomes for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Starting or Switching to Treatment with Insulin Glargine (300 Units per Milliliter) in a Real-World Setting: A Retrospective Observational Study.
Cali, A; Gupta, S; Lee, LK; Liebert, RM; Preblick, R; Skolnik, N; Stella, P; Tong, L; Wang, H, 2018
)
0.69
" Differences in dosing and clinical outcomes before versus after treatment initiation or switching were examined by generalized linear mixed-effects models."( Treatment Dosing Patterns and Clinical Outcomes for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Starting or Switching to Treatment with Insulin Glargine (300 Units per Milliliter) in a Real-World Setting: A Retrospective Observational Study.
Cali, A; Gupta, S; Lee, LK; Liebert, RM; Preblick, R; Skolnik, N; Stella, P; Tong, L; Wang, H, 2018
)
0.69
" The new glargine-300 formulation was developed to have a flatter and more extended time-action profile than the original glargine-100, and these characteristics may translate into more stable and sustained glycemic control over a 24 h dosing interval."( Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL versus 100 U/mL in Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.
Vargas-Uricoechea, H, 2018
)
0.79
" Titration of insulin was guided by a fasting plasma glucose (FPG)-based dosing algorithm."( Efficacy and safety of MK-1293 insulin glargine compared with originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, open-label clinical trial.
Carofano, WL; Crutchlow, MF; Eldor, R; Gallwitz, B; Golm, GT; Hollander, PA; Home, PD; Lam, RLH; Marcos, MC; Rendell, MS; Rosenstock, J, 2018
)
0.77
" Dose titration of basal insulin was by a pre-breakfast plasma glucose dosing algorithm."( Efficacy and safety of MK-1293 insulin glargine compared with originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in type 1 diabetes: A randomized, open-label clinical trial.
Carofano, WL; Crutchlow, MF; Eldor, R; Gallwitz, B; Golm, GT; Hollander, PA; Home, PD; Lam, RLH; Marcos, MC; Rosenstock, J, 2018
)
0.77
"A clear dose-response relationship can be demonstrated for both insulin analogs, even at very high doses in severely obese patients with type 2 diabetes."( Comparison of the dose-response pharmacodynamic profiles of detemir and glargine in severely obese patients with type 2 diabetes: A single-blind, randomised cross-over trial.
Bilz, S; Falconnier, C; Flückiger, M; Keller, U; Meienberg, F; Puder, JJ, 2018
)
0.48
"7 U/d, the Gla-100 dosage was 22."( Titration and optimization trial for the initiation of insulin glargine 100 U/mL in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic drugs.
Anderten, H; Borck, A; Bramlage, P; Fritsche, A; Pegelow, K; Pfohl, M; Pscherer, S; Seufert, J, 2019
)
0.76
"In this open, non-controlled single-arm pilot study, glycaemic control at the general ward of a tertiary care hospital was guided by a mobile decision support system (GlucoTab) for basal-bolus insulin dosing using the novel basal insulin analogue insulin glargine U300 for the first time."( GlucoTab-guided insulin therapy using insulin glargine U300 enables glycaemic control with low risk of hypoglycaemia in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.
Aberer, F; Beck, P; Donsa, K; Höll, B; Lichtenegger, KM; Mader, JK; Malle, O; Pieber, TR; Plank, J; Samonigg, J; Smajic, E, 2019
)
0.97
" Glycaemic efficacy, hypoglycaemia, changes in body weight and insulin dosage and adverse events were examined over 6 months' treatment with Gla-300 versus Gla-100 for participants aged ≥ 65 and < 65 years."( Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia risk with insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus glargine 100 U/mL: A patient-level meta-analysis examining older and younger adults with type 2 diabetes.
Aroda, VR; Bigot, G; Bolli, GB; Brulle-Wohlhueter, C; Cahn, A; Charbonnel, B; Merino-Trigo, A; Ritzel, R; Sinclair, AJ; Trescoli, C; Yale, JF, 2020
)
0.82
"0001), and more even dosing over each 6-h quartile, with insulin degludec 200 U/mL versus insulin glargine 300 U/mL (0."( Clinical relevance of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of insulin degludec (100, 200 U/mL) and insulin glargine (100, 300 U/mL) - a review of evidence and clinical interpretation.
Bolli, GB; Fanelli, CG; Owens, DR; S Bailey, T; Yale, JF, 2019
)
0.95
"Medical records were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the effect of a hospital formulary change at a semi-urban underserved hospital that substituted detemir for glargine on a 1:1 dosing basis."( Detemir vs Glargine: Comparison of Inpatient Glycemic Control.
Avanesyan, A; Cade, K; Capson, J, 2019
)
0.51
" Multiple randomized control trials and real-world evidence studies have demonstrated that the newer second-generation basal insulin analogs, insulin glargine 300 units/mL and insulin degludec 100 or 200 units/mL, provide stable glycemic control with once-daily dosing and are associated with a reduced risk of hypoglycemia compared with previous-generation basal insulin analogs insulin glargine 100 units/mL and insulin detemir."( Differentiating Basal Insulin Preparations: Understanding How They Work Explains Why They Are Different.
Cheng, AYY; Patel, DK; Reid, TS; Wyne, K, 2019
)
0.72
" Study objectives were to determine if, across weight categories, admission body weight (ABW)-based initial insulin glargine dosing resulted in similar fasting blood glucose responses on day of discharge, how initial ABW-based doses differed from doses at outpatient follow-up, and whether an ideal body weight (IBW) would provide a better estimate of body weight after discharge."( Insulin Glargine Dose and Weight Changes in Underweight, Normal Weight, and Overweight Children Newly Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Chalk, BS; Crane, J; Lee, CKK; Pineda, EM; Yenokyan, G, 2019
)
2.17
" Further investigation of the role of IBW- or ABW-based dosing methods in underweight pediatric patients with T1D may assist in optimal dosing."( Insulin Glargine Dose and Weight Changes in Underweight, Normal Weight, and Overweight Children Newly Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Chalk, BS; Crane, J; Lee, CKK; Pineda, EM; Yenokyan, G, 2019
)
1.96
" Currently, there is no real-world data published on the implications of conversion to Basaglar on dosing or glycemic control."( Impact of Dosing Conversion From Basal Insulin to Follow-On Insulin Glargine.
Ashjian, EJ; Kippes, KA; Maes, ML; Marshall, V; Rida, N; Thompson, AN, 2021
)
0.86
"To identify differences in basal insulin dosing requirements, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and incidence of hypoglycemia or weight gain when converting a patient to Basaglar from another basal insulin."( Impact of Dosing Conversion From Basal Insulin to Follow-On Insulin Glargine.
Ashjian, EJ; Kippes, KA; Maes, ML; Marshall, V; Rida, N; Thompson, AN, 2021
)
0.86
"Twice/day dosing of insulin glargine has been used to treat hyperglycemia in clinical practice; however, data supporting its use in the critically ill population are lacking."( Insulin Glargine in Critically ill Patients: Once/Day versus Twice/Day Dosing.
Fox, MA; Liu-DeRyke, X; Perry, MC, 2020
)
2.32
" We determined dosage of 1 basal and 3 bolus "treat" insulin based on "target" blood glucose level and changed each insulin dose by small units (2 units) every day for 2 weeks."( Practical application of short-term intensive insulin therapy based on the concept of "treat to target" to reduce hypoglycaemia in routine clinical site.
Kaneto, H; Nakashima, K; Okamura, N; Sanefuji, H, 2020
)
0.56
"In this experimental study, glargine insulin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers have been converted into solid oral dosage forms (tablets, capsules), that are more suitable for administration in humans and have prolonged shelf-life."( Glargine insulin loaded lipid nanoparticles: Oral delivery of liquid and solid oral dosage forms.
Anfossi, L; Battaglia, L; Capucchio, MT; Colombino, E; Ferraris, C; Marini, E; Milla, P; Muntoni, E; Porta, M; Segale, L, 2021
)
0.62
" Goals were to assess how to rapidly and safely initiate TI intensification, determine dosing requirements, and establish an effective dose range in uncontrolled T2DM."( Ultra Rapid-Acting Inhaled Insulin Improves Glucose Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Bromberger, L; Hoogwerf, BJ; Levin, P; Pyle, L; Snell-Bergeon, J; Vigers, T, 2021
)
0.62
"Treatment with inhaled TI dosed using a simple algorithm improved glycemic control measured by both HbA1c and time in range, with low rates of hypoglycemia."( Ultra Rapid-Acting Inhaled Insulin Improves Glucose Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Bromberger, L; Hoogwerf, BJ; Levin, P; Pyle, L; Snell-Bergeon, J; Vigers, T, 2021
)
0.62
"We aimed to investigate the effect of dosage reduction of four hypoglycemic multidrug regimens on the incidences of acute glycemic complications in people with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramaḍān."( Effect of Dosage Reduction of Hypoglycemic Multidrug Regimens on the Incidences of Acute Glycemic Complications in People With Type 2 Diabetes Who Fast During Ramaḍān: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Amarin, JZ; Beirat, AF; Hasan, YY; Hassoun Al Najar, AM; Qtaishat, A; Tierney, ME; Zaghlol, LY; Zaghlol, RY; Zayed, AA, 2021
)
0.62
" Serum was collected before and up to 24 hours after dosing to assess PK characteristics."( A Euglycemic Glucose Clamp Study to Evaluate the Bioavailability of LY2963016 Relative to Insulin Glargine in Healthy Chinese Subjects.
Chua, L; Ji, Y; Li, H; Linnebjerg, H; Liu, H; Ma, T; Tham, LS; Wang, F; Yu, Y, 2021
)
0.84
"Patients with inadequate glycemic control or who find their basal insulin dosing inconvenient may benefit from switching to Ideg, with the potential for small improvementa in A1C at lower basal insulin doses."( Clinical Utility of Switching to Insulin Degludec From Other Basal Insulins in Adult Patients With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes.
Bakal, JA; Baran, O; Dersch-Mills, D; Hnatiuk, M; Huyghebaert, T; Roedler, RL, 2022
)
0.72
" The app uses patient-logged fasting blood glucose (FBG) values and a titration plan defined by the treating physician to provide basal insulin dosing recommendations."( A Smartphone-Based Application to Assist Insulin Titration in Patients Undergoing Basal Insulin-Supported Oral Antidiabetic Treatment.
Gouveri, E; Marck, C; Simon, J; Tews, D, 2023
)
0.91
"At 90 days postrandomization, total insulin dosing was increased by ~7% in both cohorts."( Reduced hypoglycaemia using liver-targeted insulin in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Bode, BW; El Sanadi, C; Garg, SK; Geho, WB; Klonoff, DC; Muchmore, DB; Penn, MS; Weinstock, RS, 2022
)
0.72
" Gla-300 provides a stable and sustained time-action profile, which is associated with glycaemic control and flexible dosing schedule."( Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.
Maffeis, C; Rabbone, I, 2022
)
2.16
"The smooth and prolonged activity of insulin glargine 300 Units/mL (Gla-300), a second-generation basal insulin, results in a stable and sustained glycaemic control while allowing flexible dosing times."( Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.
Maffeis, C; Rabbone, I, 2022
)
2.44
" In the 6-week multiple ascending dose study, people with T2D, previously treated with basal insulin, received insulin glargine daily or a one-time loading dose of BIF followed by 5 weeks of once-weekly dosing (1-10 mg)."( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the novel basal insulin Fc (insulin efsitora alfa), an insulin fusion protein in development for once-weekly dosing for the treatment of patients with diabetes.
Beals, JM; Benson, C; Chien, J; Haupt, A; Heise, T; Klein, O; Moyers, JS; Pratt, EJ, 2023
)
1.12
"BIF was well tolerated and the PK/PD profile enabled once-weekly dosing with minimal variation in exposure in a treatment interval of 1 week."( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the novel basal insulin Fc (insulin efsitora alfa), an insulin fusion protein in development for once-weekly dosing for the treatment of patients with diabetes.
Beals, JM; Benson, C; Chien, J; Haupt, A; Heise, T; Klein, O; Moyers, JS; Pratt, EJ, 2023
)
0.91
" Attempts to reduce the gap with closed-loop therapies using advanced dosing advisors have so far failed, mainly because they require too much human intervention."( Intermittent closed-loop blood glucose control for people with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections.
Beneyto, A; Cabrera, A; Contreras, I; Estremera, E; Vehí, J, 2023
)
0.91
"To compare the effectiveness and safety of icodec titrated with a dosing guide app (icodec with app) versus once-daily basal insulin analogues (OD analogues) dosed per standard practice."( Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec With Dosing Guide App Versus Once-Daily Basal Insulin Analogues in Insulin-Naive Type 2 Diabetes (ONWARDS 5) : A Randomized Trial.
Aberle, J; Bajaj, HS; Bode, B; Davies, M; Donatsky, AM; Frederiksen, M; Gowda, A; Lingvay, I; Yavuz, DG, 2023
)
0.91
"Inability to differentiate the effects of icodec and the dosing guide app."( Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec With Dosing Guide App Versus Once-Daily Basal Insulin Analogues in Insulin-Naive Type 2 Diabetes (ONWARDS 5) : A Randomized Trial.
Aberle, J; Bajaj, HS; Bode, B; Davies, M; Donatsky, AM; Frederiksen, M; Gowda, A; Lingvay, I; Yavuz, DG, 2023
)
0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (2,081)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19904 (0.19)18.7374
1990's7 (0.34)18.2507
2000's611 (29.36)29.6817
2010's1094 (52.57)24.3611
2020's365 (17.54)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 104.54

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index104.54 (24.57)
Research Supply Index7.99 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.49 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index196.60 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.06 (0.95)

This Compound (104.54)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials772 (35.35%)5.53%
Reviews361 (16.53%)6.00%
Case Studies112 (5.13%)4.05%
Observational67 (3.07%)0.25%
Other872 (39.93%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (511)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Two-Part Clinical Trial to Assess Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Variability of a Basal Insulin [NCT01152242]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Effectiveness of a Subcutaneously Administered Long-acting Insulin Added to Insulin Drip Therapy as Compared With Standard Insulin Drip Treatment [NCT01153100]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-04-30Completed
[NCT01195454]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
A Study of Effectiveness and Safety of Apidra in Combination With Lantus Therapy in Basal-bolus Insulin Regimen in Inadequately Controlled Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes in the Russian Federation. [NCT01202474]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
Six-month, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Comparison of SAR341402 to NovoLog®/NovoRapid® in Adult Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Also Using Insulin Glargine, With a 6-month Safety Extension Period [NCT03211858]Phase 3597 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-08-02Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Insulin Glargine Injection [rDNA Origin] Treatment in Place of the TZD or the Sulfonylurea or Metformin in Triple Agent Therapy for T2DM Adult Subjects With Unsatisfactory Control [NCT00283049]Phase 4390 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Due to technical issues relating to the Electronic diary data.)
A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Treated With Basal Insulin With or Without Oral Antidiabetic Drugs [NCT03078478]Phase 31,609 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-13Completed
A Trial Evaluating the Pharmacodynamic Response of NN1250 at Steady State Conditions in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01114542]Phase 166 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-03Completed
A Randomized, Cross-over, Open, Euglycemic Clamp Study on the Relative Bioavailability and Activity of 0.6 U/kg Insulin Glargine and 20 μg Lixisenatide, Given as On-site Mix Compared to Separate Simultaneous Injections in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mel [NCT01146678]Phase 122 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-06-30Completed
A Trial Comparing NNC0148-0287 C (Insulin 287) Versus Insulin Glargine U100, Both in Combination With Metformin, With or Without DPP4 Inhibitors and With or Without SGLT2 Inhibitors, in Basal Insulin Treated Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03922750]Phase 2154 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-05-09Completed
Comparison of Glycaemic Fluctuation and Oxidative Stress Between Two Short-term Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes [NCT02526810]Phase 470 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-07-31Recruiting
Comparison of Insulin Degludec With Insulin Glargine U100 for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Travelling Across Multiple Time Zones. A Pilot Study. [NCT03668808]Phase 425 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-11-16Completed
A Multiple-dose Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of NNC0148-0287 C (Insulin 287) for Subcutaneous Administration in Japanese Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT03766854]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-07Completed
Comparison of a Basal Plus (Insulin Glargine/Insulin Glulisine) Regimen to Biphasic Insulin (InsulinAspart/Insulin Aspart Protamine 30/70) in T2DM Patients Who Require Insulin Intensification After Basal Insulin Optimization. [NCT01212913]Phase 4161 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
A Phase 3, Parallel-Design, Open-Label, Randomized Control Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of LY3209590 Administered Weekly Using a Fixed Dose Escalation Compared to Insulin Glargine in Insulin-Naïve Adults With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT05662332]Phase 3796 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-01-14Active, not recruiting
A 24-week, Open, Multicenter, Comparative Study of 2 Strategies (Including Insulin Glargine Versus Premixed Insulin) for the Therapeutic Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Failing Oral Agents [NCT01121835]Phase 4934 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
Effect of Normalization of Fasting Glucose by Intensified Insulin Therapy on the Incidence of Restenosis After Peripheral Angioplasty in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. [NCT01150617]Phase 446 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Terminated(stopped due to end-point reached)
Early Administration of Insulin Glargine in Patients With Diabetic Ketoacidosis [NCT06007508]Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-31Recruiting
Phase IV, Multicenter, International, Non-comparative, Open Label Study of Efficacy and Safety of Basal Bolus Therapy (Insulin Glargine + Insulin Glulisine) in Patients With T1 Diabetes Previously Uncontrolled on Any Insulin Regimen. [NCT01204593]Phase 4206 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Intensive Insulin Therapy With Insulin Glulisine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Basal Insulin and Oral Glucose-lowering Drugs [NCT01203111]Phase 4207 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-31Completed
Relative Bioavailability of LY2963016 to LANTUS® After Single Dose Subcutaneous Administration to Healthy Subjects [NCT01374178]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
Relative Bioavailability of LY2963016 to LANTUS® After Single-Dose Subcutaneous Administration in Healthy Chinese Subjects [NCT03555305]Phase 158 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-09-26Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of LY900014 to Insulin Lispro With an Open-Label Postprandial LY900014 Treatment Group, in Combination With Insulin Glargine or Insulin Degludec, in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes PRONTO-T1D [NCT03214367]Phase 31,392 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-17Completed
A Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of NN1250 and Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (BEGIN™: EASY AM) [NCT01068678]Phase 3460 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of LY900014 to Humalog With an Open-Label Postprandial LY900014 Treatment Group in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT03740919]Phase 3751 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-04-07Completed
Pharmacist Intervention for Glycemic Control in The Community (The RxING Study) [NCT01335763]100 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
A Comparison of LY2605541 Versus Insulin Glargine as Basal Insulin Treatment in Combination With Oral Anti-Hyperglycemia Medications in Insulin-Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-Label, Randomized, 52-week Study [NCT02106364]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-28Withdrawn(stopped due to Lilly's decision to cancel this trial is due to regulatory uncertainty in China.)
Remission Through Early Monitored Insulin Therapy - Duration Month [NCT03670641]Phase 410 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-03-26Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Two Period, Cross Over Glucose Clamp Study to Test for Bioeqivalence Between Two Long Acting Insulin Analogs-Wockhardt's Glaritus™ (Insulin Glargine) and Lantus (Insulin Glargine) in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01357603]Phase 1111 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
Lantus® (Insulin Glargine[rDNA Origin] Injection) vs Humalog® Mix 75/25 (75% Insulin Lispro Protamine Suspension and 25% Insulin Lispro Injection) as add-on Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Failing Sulfonylurea and Glucophage (Metformin) Combination Tr [NCT01336751]Phase 3212 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-07-31Completed
An Open Label, Randomized Comparison of Wockhardt's Recombinant Insulin Analogue With Innovator's Glargine in Type 1 Diabetic Patients. [NCT01352663]Phase 30 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn(stopped due to Business strategy decision)
A Randomized, Double-blind, 2x2 Cross-over Euglycemic Clamp Study in Two Parallel Cohorts to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Two Dose Levels of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine and to Compare Its Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties W [NCT01349855]Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
Central Effects of Endogenous Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the GLP-1 Analog Liraglutide on Brain Satiety and Reward Circuits and Feeding Behavior in Diabetes [NCT01363609]50 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
Metformin and Sitagliptin Therapy for Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Admitted to the General Medical Unit [NCT02250794]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-31Withdrawn(stopped due to No subjects enrolled.)
Multicentre Phase IV Single Arm Clinical Trial to evaluAte the saFety and Efficacy of Gla-300 in insUlin-naïve Patients With Type 2 DiAbetes uncontRolled on Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs [NCT04980027]Phase 4228 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-06-07Completed
A Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effect of MK-5160 in Subjects With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03095651]Phase 133 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-12Completed
Effects of Replacing Lantus With Basalin on the Glycemic Variation in Patients [NCT03631121]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-08-15Recruiting
Asian Treat to Target Lantus Study: A Randomized, Multicentre, Multinational, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, 24-Week Phase IV Study Evaluating the Effectiveness and Safety of Physician Versus Patient-led Initiation and Titration of Insulin Glargine in Type 2 [NCT01169818]Phase 4555 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Variability of Glucose Assessed in a Randomized Trial Comparing the Initiation of A Treatment Approach With Biosimilar Basal Insulin Analog Or a Titratable iGlarLixi combinatioN in Type 2 Diabetes Among South Asian Subjects (VARIATION 2 SA Trial) [NCT03819790]Phase 4119 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-02Completed
National, Phase IV, Multicentric, Open Label, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine Plus Glulisine and Sliding Scale Plus Glulisine in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes Metabolism Type II Under Enteral Nutrition. [NCT01081938]Phase 415 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment challenges)
Better Acceptance of a Single Injection Apidra (Insulin Glulisine) Added to Once Daily Lantus (Insulin Glargine) Versus Twice Daily Premixed Insulin in a Real Life Use Setting [NCT01079364]Phase 452 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Terminated(stopped due to Slow recruitment)
A Phase 3, Randomized, Open Label, Comparator-Controlled, Parallel Group, Multicenter Study to Compare the Effects of Exenatide and Insulin Glargine on Beta Cell Function and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metfor [NCT00097500]Phase 369 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Effect of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Insulin Aspart Three Times Daily, Both as Add on to Metformin and Optimised Insulin Glargine (U100) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes A 52-week, Multi-centre, Multinational, Open-label, Active-controlled, Two Armed, [NCT03689374]Phase 32,274 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-01Completed
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous NNC0268-0965 in Healthy Subjects and in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03965013]Phase 178 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-06-05Completed
A 78-week Trial Comparing the Effect and Safety of Once Weekly Insulin Icodec and Once Daily Insulin Glargine 100 Units/mL, Both in Combination With Non-insulin Anti-diabetic Treatment, in Insulin naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT04460885]Phase 3984 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-11-25Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Human Insulin Versus Analog Insulin in Hospitalized Acute Stroke Patients With Hyperglycemia: a Randomized, Open-label, Single Center Trial [NCT04834362]Phase 4452 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-04-05Completed
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Insulin 320 in Healthy Subjects [NCT02479022]Phase 184 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-30Completed
A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, 3-Treatment, 3-Period, 6-Sequence Cross-Over Study To Compare The Pharmacokinetic And Pharmacodynamic Effects of Single Doses of Insulin Glargine Given As U200 And U500 To Lantus® In A Euglycemic Clamp Setting In [NCT02201199]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-31Completed
A Comparison of Exenatide and Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Variability in T2DM Patients Inadequately Controlled With Metformin Monotherapy [NCT02325960]Phase 444 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Completed
A Randomized, 30-week, Active-controlled, Open-label, 2 Treatment-arm, Parallel Group, Multicenter Study Comparing Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi to Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Insufficiently Cont [NCT03798080]Phase 3426 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-19Completed
A Phase3, Multi-Center, Open-Label, Randomized, Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Technosphere® Insulin Inhalation Powder in Combination With Lantus® Versus Humalog® in Combination With Lantus® in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00700622]Phase 3130 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor stopped development of the MedTone inhaler in favor of an improved device (Gen2 inhaler))
A Phase 3, Open-Label, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Preprandial Human Insulin Inhalation Powder (HIIP) Compared to Preprandial Injectable Insulin in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00356109]Phase 3494 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
Evaluation of Glycemic Control and Quality of Life in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes During Continuous Glucose Monitoring When Switching to Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL: A FUTURE Substudy [NCT05109520]867 participants (Actual)Observational2021-09-08Completed
A 24-week, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-group StudyComparing the Efficacy and Safety of Toujeo® and Tresiba® in Insulin-NaivePatients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Adequately Controlled With OralAntihyperglycemic Drug(s) ± GLP-1 Recep [NCT02738151]Phase 4929 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-19Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Glargine U300 and Glargine U100 for the Inpatient and Post-Hospital Discharge Management of Medicine and Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT03013985]Phase 4247 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-17Completed
This Trial is Conducted Globally. The Aim of This Trial is to Compare the Effect and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart vs. Insulin Glargine Plus Insulin Aspart in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin With or Without Oral Antidi [NCT02906917]Phase 3532 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-20Completed
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of LY3209590 Following Multiple Weekly Doses in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03367377]Phase 170 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-03Completed
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous NNC0123-0338 in Healthy Subjects and in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02220296]Phase 162 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-20Completed
A Phase 3, Open-Label Study of Once Daily LY3502970 Compared With Insulin Glargine in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity or Overweight at Increased Cardiovascular Risk [NCT05803421]Phase 32,620 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-04-03Recruiting
Insulin Degludec Versus Glargine U300 for the Management of Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05036876]220 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-10-10Completed
A Single Center, Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Study, Comparing the Pharmacodynamic Properties of Insulin VIAJECT™, Regular Human Insulin, and Insulin Lispro Either in Combination With a Basal Insulin Infusion or With Insulin Glargine Relative to a St [NCT01000922]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
A Pivotal Long-Term, Open-Label, Parallel Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Human Insulin Inhalation Powder in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00127634]Phase 3385 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
Insulin Scheme for Glycemic Control in Non-critical Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the Context of a Health System in Mexico. [NCT03350984]Phase 475 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-11-02Completed
A Clinical Trial Comparing Glycaemic Control and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) Versus Insulin Glargine (IGlar) as add-on Therapy to SGLT2i in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. DUALTM IX - Add-on to SGLT2i [NCT02773368]Phase 3420 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-23Completed
A 6-month, Multicenter, Prospective, Single-arm, Open-label, Phase IV Study Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine U300 in Chinese Adult Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With a 3-month Extension Period [NCT05002933]Phase 4570 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-05-20Completed
The Durability of Twice-Daily Insulin Lispro Low Mixture Compared to Once-Daily Insulin Glargine When Added to Existing Oral Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control [NCT00279201]Phase 42,091 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate Early Intermittent Intensive Insulin Therapy as an Effective Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: REmission Studies Evaluating Type 2 DM - Intermittent Insulin Therapy (RESET-IT) [NCT02192424]Phase 3109 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
A Multi-Center,Open-Label, Single-Arm, Multiple Dose Study With HOE901-U300 to Assess The Ease of Use And Safety of a New U300 Pen Injector in Insulin-Naïve Patients With T2DM [NCT02227212]Phase 340 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-31Completed
Randomized, Open Label, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Pharmacokinetics and Immunogenicity of Alternating Use of SAR341402 and NovoLog® Versus Continuous Use of NovoLog in Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Also Using Insulin Glargine [NCT03874715]Phase 3210 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-03-11Completed
AN OPEN-LABEL, RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER, PHASE 3 STUDY TO COMPARE THE IMMUNOGENICITY, EFFICACY, AND SAFETY OF GAN & LEE PHARMACEUTICALS INSULIN GLARGINE INJECTION TO LANTUS® IN ADULT SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS [NCT03371082]Phase 3550 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-31Completed
Benefits of Insulin Supplementation for Correction of Hyperglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Bolus Insulin Regimen [NCT02408120]Phase 4226 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-31Completed
A Phase 3, Open-Label, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Human Insulin Inhalation Powder (HIIP) Compared With Once-Daily Insulin Glargine in Insulin-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Oral Agents [NCT00437112]Phase 3142 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Completed
Efficacy of Liraglutide vs. Sitagliptin vs. Insulin Glargine Per Day on Liver Fat When Combined With Metformin in T2DM Subjects With Non-alcoholic Fatty-liver Disease [NCT02147925]Phase 475 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-31Completed
Exenatide BID Compared With Insulin Glargine to Change Liver Fat Content in Non-alcoholic Fatty-liver Disease Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT02303730]Phase 476 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Completed
A 16-week, Multicenter, Prospective, Open-label, Single-arm, Phase 4 Study to Evaluate the Effect of Soliqua™ 100/33 on the Percentage of Time in Range (TIR) From Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Insulin-naïve Patients With Very Uncontrolled Type 2 [NCT05114590]Phase 472 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-01-27Completed
Conversion of Hyperglycemic Patients Being Treated With Intravenous Insulin Infusions to Lantus Insulin [NCT00338104]Phase 475 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-07-31Completed
National (Brazil), Phase IV, Multicentric, Open Label, Parallel, Comparative Study of the Use of Insulin Glargine + Glulisine or Insulin Regular + NPH Insulin (Isophane Insulin) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Moderate Renal Failure. [NCT01122979]Phase 472 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Completed
A 24-week, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel Group, Multicenter Comparison of Lantus® (Insulin Glargine) Given Once Daily Versus Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) Insulin in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Aged at Least 6 Years to Less Than 18 Years [NCT01223131]Phase 3162 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
Practical Implementation of ADA/EASD Consensus Algorithm in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Timely Insulin Initiation and Titration [NCT01127269]Phase 4178 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Prandial Treatment Adjustment Effect Via Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Type 2 DM Patients Uncontrolled With a Basal Insulin or Premix Once a Day [NCT01234597]Phase 4219 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Completed
Effect of Insulin Glargine and Lixisenatide Versus Insulin Glargine on Brain Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT03881995]Phase 41 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-03-18Terminated(stopped due to insufficient recruitment)
An Investigational Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Once Weekly NNC0148-0287 C (Insulin 287) Versus Once Daily Insulin Glargine, Both in Combination With Metformin, With or Without DPP-4 Inhibitors, in Insulin naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT03751657]Phase 2247 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-11-29Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Insulin Degludec and Glargine U100 for the Inpatient and Post-Hospital Discharge Management of Medicine and Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT03336528]Phase 4180 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-02Completed
Remission Evaluation of a Metabolic Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes With IGlarLixi [NCT03130426]Phase 3161 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-27Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Comparison of a Long-Acting Basal Insulin Analog LY2963016 to Lantus® in Adult Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03338010]Phase 3536 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-22Completed
A Comparative Study of the Effects of QS-M Needle Free Injector and Glargine Pen Subcutaneous Injection of Insulin Glargine on Insulin Use [NCT03420040]65 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-11-27Enrolling by invitation
A 12-week Randomized, Controlled Trial to Compare TOUJEO® and TRESIBA® in Terms of Glucose Values in Target Range and Variability During Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT04075513]Phase 4343 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-10-09Completed
Evaluation of Virtual Versus Traditional Study Conduct in a 6-month, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Two-parallel Group Pilot Study in Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03260868]Phase 415 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-19Terminated(stopped due to "Due to prolonged low participant recruitment")
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, 52-week Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sotagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Basal Insulin Alone or in Addition to O [NCT03285594]Phase 3571 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-15Completed
Randomised Open Label Study of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine U100 in Ramadan [NCT03349840]Phase 4273 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-07Terminated(stopped due to The study was terminated by the IRB and the Institutional Official after the MOPH and WCMQ audits)
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of LY900014 to Insulin Lispro, Both in Combination With Insulin Glargine or Insulin Degludec in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes PRONTO-T2D [NCT03214380]Phase 3933 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-14Completed
A Single Ascending Dose Clinical Trial to Study the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of MK-1092 in Healthy Subjects, Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, and Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. [NCT03170544]Phase 169 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-08-16Completed
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of NNC 0123-0000-0338 in Healthy Subjects [NCT01334034]Phase 170 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-11Completed
A 26-week Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled, 2-treatment Arm, Parallel Group Multi-center Study, Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Soliqua™100/33 Versus Lantus® in Ethnically/Racially Diverse Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately [NCT03434119]Phase 3241 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-02-20Terminated(stopped due to "(Trial terminated (recruitment delays))")
Biphasic Insulin Aspart 70/30 + Metformin Compared to Insulin Glargine + Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Failing OAD Therapy [NCT00598793]Phase 3242 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-11-30Completed
A Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of NN5401 With Insulin Glargine, Both in Combination With Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (BOOST™ : INTENSIFY BASAL) [NCT01045447]Phase 3465 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
A Pan Asian Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Insulin NN1250 and Insulin Glargine as Add on to OAD(s) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (BEGIN™: ONCE ASIA) [NCT01059799]Phase 3435 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-01Completed
A 26 Week Randomised, Controlled, Open Label, Multicentre, Multinational, Three-arm, Treat to Target Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Three Different Dosing Regimens of Either Soluble Insulin Basal Analogue (SIBA) or Insulin Glargine With or Without [NCT01006291]Phase 3687 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Arm, Noninferiority Comparison of the Effects of Two Doses of LY2189265 and Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Stable Doses of Metformin and Glimepiride [NCT01075282]Phase 3810 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
An Open Label Randomized Multicenter Study to Assess Patient Preference for and Evaluate Clinical Benefit of Insulin Glargine (Lantus®) SoloSTAR® Pen Versus Conventional Vial/Syringe Method of Insulin Glargine (Lantus®) Injection Therapy in Patients With [NCT01226043]Phase 4405 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-10-31Completed
NN1250-3582: A 52-week Randomised, Controlled, Open Label, Multicentre, Multinational Treat-to-target Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of SIBA and Insulin Glargine Both Administered Once Daily in a Basal-bolus Regimen With Insulin Aspart as Mealtime In [NCT00972283]Phase 31,006 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-01Completed
A Phase 2 Study of LY2605541 Compared With Insulin Glargine in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01027871]Phase 2289 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
Basal Bolus Versus Basal Insulin Regimen for the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00979628]Phase 4375 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
Superiority Study of Insulin Glargine Over Sitagliptin in Insulin-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin and Not Adequately Controlled [NCT00751114]Phase 4515 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
6-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine and Lantus® in Insulin-Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Adequately Controlled With Non-Insulin Antihyperglyce [NCT02855684]Phase 3604 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-08-24Completed
A 21-Week, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled, Parallel-group, Multi-center Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of HOE901-U300 Administered According to a Device-Supported Treat-to-target Regimen Versus Routine Titration in Patients With Type 2 Diabe [NCT02585674]Phase 3151 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
A 24-week, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel Group Multinational Comparison of Lantus® (Insulin Glargine) Given in the Morning as Once-a-day Basal Insulin Versus Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) Insulin, in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Aged at Le [NCT00993473]Phase 3125 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Albiglutide Administered in Combination With Insulin Glargine as Compared With the Combination of Insulin Glargine and Preprandial Lispr [NCT00976391]Phase 3586 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Standard vs Higher Starting Dose of Insulin Glargine in Overweight and Obese Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT02836704]Phase 4892 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-09Completed
Effect of Simplified Insulin Regimen on Glycemic Control and Quality of Life in an Elderly Population With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT03660553]Phase 47 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-10Terminated(stopped due to PI left University of Miami)
The Metabolic and Glycaemic Effects of a Combined Basal-Bolus Insulin Reduction And Carbohydrate Feeding Strategy For Evening Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02204839]10 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
Proof-of-concept Trial of Clinician-supported Patient Self-management of Hospital Insulin Therapy [NCT02144441]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Very few patients met eligibility criteria, none of whom elected to enroll.)
A Randomized, Active-controlled, Parallel Group, 16-Week Open Label Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of the Morning Injection of Toujeo (Insulin Glargine-U300) Versus Lantus in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02688933]Phase 4638 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-05Completed
A 24-week International, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 3b Trial With a 28-week Extension to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin Co-administered With Dapagliflozin Compared to Insulin Glargine in [NCT02551874]Phase 3650 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-20Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled Study to Compare the Safety, Tolerability and Effect on Glycemic Control of Taspoglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Insulin-naïve Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled With Metformin and [NCT00755287]Phase 31,072 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
A Phase 3, Open-Label, Three-Group Parallel Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Human Insulin Inhalation Powder (HIIP) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Once-Daily Insulin Glargine [NCT00355849]Phase 3555 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of INS068 and Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Adequately Controlled With Basal Insulin [NCT05702073]Phase 3400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-31Recruiting
A Phase 1, Exploratory, Randomized, Double-Blind, Two-Way Cross Over Study to Assess Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Gan & Lee's Insulin Glargine Injection in Comparison to Lantus in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02506647]Phase 141 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
Sitagliptin for the Prevention and Treatment of Stress Hyperglycemia in Non-Diabetic Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery [NCT02443402]Phase 468 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
The Effect of Short-term Insulin Intensive Therapy Based on the Application of Insulin Pump and Real-time Dynamic Glucose Monitoring Technology on Reversing the Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes [NCT06127433]Phase 4210 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-07Recruiting
A Pilot Study of the Effect of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Adolescents With Newly-diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes on Insulin Resistance, Beta-cell Function and the Honeymoon Period. [NCT00357890]12 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
The Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly, Subcutaneous Dulaglutide Compared to Once-Daily Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin and/or a Sulfonylurea [NCT01648582]Phase 3774 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Completed
Effects of Degludec/Liraglutide on Time in Range, Markers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction Compared to Scheme Insulin Basal Bolus, in a Population of Diabetic Inpatients and Possible Correlation With Intra-hospital Mortality Rates [NCT05360537]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-04-01Completed
Effect of Short-term Basal Insulin Initiation in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes on 1-year Glycemic Control [NCT06107153]200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-01Not yet recruiting
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of LY3209590 Following Multiple Weekly Doses in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT05596747]Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-30Active, not recruiting
Intravenous Insulin Protocol in Diabetes and Renal Transplantation Study [NCT00609986]104 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-07-31Completed
A Canadian, Phase IV, Multicenter, Comparative, Open-label Study Evaluating 2 Approaches of Blood Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Titration (Patient-managed vs Health Care Professional) in T2DM Patients While Receiving the Addition of 1 Injection of Insuli [NCT01013571]Phase 4493 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
A Randomised, Multicentre, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, 24-Week Phase IV Study Comparing the Effectiveness and Safety of Two Approaches to the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Australian Primary Care: General Practitioner Initiation of Insulin Gla [NCT00950534]Phase 425 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Terminated(stopped due to due to poor recruitment)
Comparison of Insulin Lispro Low Mixture With Insulin Glargine When Initiating and Intensifying Insulin Therapy As Required in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Oral Antihyperglycemic Medication [NCT00548808]Phase 4426 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
Insulin Dose Titration System in Diabetic Patients Using a Short Messaging Service Automatically Produced by a Knowledge Matrix [NCT00948584]100 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
Superiority of Insulin Glargine Lantus vs. NPH: Treat to Normoglycemia Concept.Effect of Insulin Glargine in Comparison to Insulin NPH in Insulin-nave People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With at Least One OAD and Not Adequately Controlled [NCT00949442]Phase 4708 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
Effect of AC2993 (Synthetic Exendin-4) Compared With Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Also Using Combination Therapy With Sulfonylurea and Metformin [NCT00082381]Phase 3551 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
A Trial Investigating the Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties of NN1250 in Young and Geriatric Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT00964418]Phase 127 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-31Completed
Multicentre, Open, Non-randomised Controlled Phase IV Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety for Insulin Glulisine Injected Subcutaneously in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Also Insulin Glargine [NCT00964574]Phase 468 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
A Six Month, Open Label, Randomized Parallel Group Trial Assessing The Impact Of Dry Powder Inhaled Insulin (Exubera) On Glycemic Control Compared To Insulin Glargine (Lantus) In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Are Poorly Controlled On A Combin [NCT00418522]Phase 4413 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
Outcome of Using Long Acting Glargine Insulin With Low Dose Regular Insulin Infusion in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patients :A Comparative Study [NCT05219942]52 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-01Recruiting
A Study of the Rules for Insulin Dosing in Patients Using Multiple Daily Injections [NCT01045954]50 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-01-31Recruiting
Pathogenesis of the Impaired Incretin Effect in Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00469833]17 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
A Phase 4, Randomized, Open Label, Parallel Group, Multicenter Study to Characterize Regimens of Basal Insulin Intensified With Either Symlin® or Rapid Acting Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00467649]Phase 4112 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
A Trial Investigating the Hypoglycaemic Response to NN1250 in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01002768]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Active-controlled, Open Label, 2-treatment Arm, and Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Combination to Lixisenatide on Top of OADs in Japanese Patients With Type 2 DM With an Extension Period [NCT02749890]Phase 3321 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-09Completed
A 24 Week, Open-Label, Single Arm, Multi-Center Clinical Study to Document the Benefits of the Combination of Lantus and Amaryl in Ethnic Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients Living Outside of Japan (in US or Brazil), Who Failed Good Metabolic Control With O [NCT00642915]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
Titration Target for Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using Insulin Glargine to Achieve Glycaemic Goals: An Assessment of Three Different Fasting Plasma Glucose Targets - BEYOND III/FPG GOAL Study [NCT02545842]Phase 4947 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-07Completed
A Randomized, Active-controlled, Open Label, 2-treatment Arm, and Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of the Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Combination to Insulin Glargine With Metformin in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In [NCT02752412]Phase 3513 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-17Completed
Effect of Dosage Reduction of Glucose-Lowering Multidrug Regimens on the Incidence of Acute Glycemic Complications in People With Type 2 Diabetes Who Fast During Ramadan: An Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled Trial [NCT04237493]Phase 4687 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-02-14Completed
A Trial Comparing NNC0148-0287 C (Insulin 287) Versus Insulin Glargine U100, Both in Combination With Metformin, With or Without DPP4 Inhibitors and With or Without SGLT2 Inhibitors, in Insulin-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03951805]Phase 2205 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-05-09Completed
A Prospective Study to Optimize Insulin Treatment by Basal Regimen With Insulin Glargine in Type-2-Diabetic Patients Previously Uncontrolled on Premixed Insulin [NCT00693771]Phase 4313 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Acute Effect of a GLP-1-Analogue (Exenatide) and of a DPP-4-Inhibitor (Sitagliptin) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Insulin Glargine Once Daily [NCT00971659]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
An Open Label Study Comparing Exenatide With Basal Insulin in Achieving an HbA1c of ≤ 7.4% With Minimum Weight Gain, in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Are Not Achieving Adequate HbA1c Control on Oral Anti Diabetic Therapies Alone [NCT00360334]Phase 3235 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
Basal/Bolus Insulin Therapy in the Hospital Ward Comparison of Two Protocols: Feasibility Study [NCT00841919]Phase 460 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-12-31Completed
A Multicenter, 2-Part, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of MK-0941 on Postprandial Plasma Glucose Concentrations After Daily Administration MK-0941 [NCT00511472]Phase 170 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-07-31Completed
A Multi-national, Open-labelled, Randomised, Parallel Group, 4 Week run-in and 26 Weeks Treat-to-target Comparison of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 Once Daily Versus Insulin Glargine Once Daily Both in Combination With Metformin and Glimepiride in Insulin na [NCT00469092]Phase 4480 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
Health Assessment, Patient Treatment Satisfaction and Quality-of-Life in Insulin-naive Type 2 Diabetes Patients Uncontrolled on Oral Hypoglycemic Agent Treatment Initiating Basal Insulin Therapy With Either Insulin Glargine or NPH Insulin [NCT00941369]Phase 4345 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
A Randomized Trial Comparing Insulin Lispro Protamine Suspension With Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes on Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications and Exenatide [NCT00560417]Phase 3339 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
Effects of Intensive Glycemic Control on Infectious Morbidity In Patients With Acute Leukemia [NCT00943709]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Withdrawn(stopped due to lack of accrual)
Comparison of a Basal Plus One Insulin Regimen (Insulin Glargine/Insulin Glulisine) With a Biphasic Insulin Regimen (Insulin Aspart/Insulin Aspart Protamine 30/70) in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Following Basal Insulin Optimisation [NCT00965549]Phase 4463 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
A Multi-center, Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled Study to Compare the Safety, Tolerability and Effect on Glycemic Control of Taspoglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Insulin-naive Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled With Metformin and [NCT01051011]Phase 3370 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Terminated(stopped due to high discontinuation rates mainly due to GI tolerability and implementation of risk mitigation plan to address hypersensitivity reactions)
A Trial Investigating the Pharmacokinetic Properties of NN1250 in Children, Adolescents and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01030926]Phase 139 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 Plus Metformin With Insulin Glargine Plus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00619697]Phase 4260 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-12-31Completed
A Randomised, Open-labelled, 2-period Crossover Trial Investigating Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 Thrice Daily and Basal-bolus Therapy With Insulin Glargine & Insulin Glulisine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00824668]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Completed
Assessment of Forced Titration to Reach the Effective Dose for Good Glycemic Control in Lantus Treated Type 2 Patients [NCT00701831]Phase 4241 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Combination Therapy of Insulin Glargine and Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequately Controlled by a Previous Treatment With Metformin and Either Insulin Glargine or Sitagliptin [NCT00851903]Phase 3112 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
Effects of Optimized Glycemic Control Achieved With add-on Basal Insulin Therapy on Indexes of Endothelial Damage and Regeneration in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Macroangiopathy. A Randomized Cross-over Trial Comparing Detemir vs Glargine [NCT00699686]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
An International Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial of Intensive Insulin Therapy Targeting Normoglycemia In Acute Myocardial Infarction: the RECREATE (REsearching Coronary REduction by Appropriately Targeting Euglycemia) Pilot Study [NCT00640991]Phase 3500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
A Multi-center, Open, Randomized, Parallel-group, 2 Arm Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Amaryl®M 1/500mg Twice Daily Versus Amaryl® 4mg Both in Combination With Lantus® Once-daily Regimen in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Inadequate Gl [NCT00913367]Phase 4110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
A Randomised, Single-centre, Double-blind, Two-period Cross-over, Multiple Dose Trial Comparing Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL at Steady-state Conditions in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Me [NCT02536859]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-31Completed
Comparison Safety and Efficacy of Basal Insulin Lantus® (Insulin Glargine) vs NPH Insulin in Combination With OADs in Patients With DMT2, Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS). Multicentre, Prospective, Open- Label, Single Arm, Comparati [NCT00659477]Phase 4117 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
RAndomized Study of Basal Bolus Insulin Therapy in the Inpatient Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing General Surgery (RABBIT 2 Surgery) [NCT00596687]Phase 4234 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-12-31Completed
A Comparison of PK/PD Dose Response Characteristics of Glargine in Type 2 Diabetics [NCT00574912]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
A Multi-center, Phase 3b, Stratified, Randomized, Open-label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Intensive Apidra®/Lantus® Therapy vs Sliding Scale Insulin on Infarct Size in Hyperglycemic Subjects With Anterior STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infar [NCT00670228]Phase 334 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Terminated(stopped due to Due to Negative feasibility assessment of recruiting the planned number of subjects within the study timelines)
A Prospective Randomized Trial to Compare Basal Bolus Therapies That Use Either Insulin Lispro Protamine Suspension or Insulin Glargine Together With Lispro Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00666718]Phase 3374 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Treatment Initiation With Basal Insulin in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Patients on Oral Anti-Diabetic Agent (OAD) in Jordan [NCT02606357]Phase 4242 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-22Completed
A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Range Finding Clinical Trial of MK0941 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Insulin [NCT00767000]Phase 2813 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Terminated
Comparison of Premixed Insulin Lispro Low-Mixture and Mid-Mixture Regimens With Separate Basal and Bolus Insulin Injections in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Oral Therapy Who Consume Light Breakfast [NCT00664534]Phase 4344 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Insulin Glargine Combined With Sulfonylurea Versus Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. [NCT00708578]Phase 499 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Determine the Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Albiglutide Compared With Insulin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. [NCT00838916]Phase 3779 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Phase 4 Study of Comparison of Combination Therapy of Gliclazide MR and Basal Insulin With Pre-mix Insulin Monotherapy for the Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00736515]Phase 4160 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Completed
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Exenatide Long-Acting Release and Once-Daily Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin Alone or in Combination With Sulfonylurea [NCT00641056]Phase 3467 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
A Randomized, Open Label, Placebo-controlled, 4-sequence, 4-period, 4-treatment Crossover Study to Investigate the Postprandial Glucodynamic Response to Single Dose of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination in Japanese Patients With Type 2 [NCT02713477]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-04-30Completed
The Effect of Exenatide Compared to Insulin Glargine on Cardiac Function and Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Congestive Heart Failure: a Randomized Comparator-controlled Trial [NCT00766857]Phase 427 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
A Phase II, Randomized, Double Blind, 2-Way Crossover Safety and Efficacy Study of Subcutaneously Injected Prandial Insulins: Lispro-PH20 or Aspart-PH20 Compared to Insulin Lispro (Humalog®) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01194245]Phase 2135 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
"A Randomized Double Blinded Two-way Crossover Single-dose Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study of RinGlar® (LLC GEROPHARM, Russia) Versus Lantus® (Sanofi-Aventis) in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using the Euglycemic Clamp Technique" [NCT04101383]42 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-16Completed
An Open-labelled, Randomised, Parallel Group, 3 Week run-in and 24 Week Treat-to-target Comparison of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 Once Daily Versus Insulin Glargine Once Daily Both in Combination With Metformin and Glimepiride in Chinese and Japanese Insul [NCT01123980]Phase 4521 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
A Trial Assessing the Implications of Switching From Insulin Glargine to Insulin Degludec in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (BEGIN™: SIMPLIFY) [NCT01135992]Phase 3143 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-06-30Completed
A 24-week, Multicenter, International, Randomized (1:1), Parallel-group, Open-label, Comparative Study of Insulin Glargine Versus Liraglutide in Insulin-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Oral Agents and Not Adequately Controlled, Followed b [NCT01117350]Phase 4978 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Completed
A 16 Week Randomised, Open Labelled, 3-armed, Treat-to-target, Parallel Group Trial Comparing SIBA (D) Once Daily + NovoRapid®, SIBA (E) Once Daily + NovoRapid® and Insulin Glargine Once Daily + NovoRapid®, All in a Basal/Bolus Regimen in Subjects With Ty [NCT00612040]Phase 2178 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
A 16 Week Randomised, Open-labelled, Four-armed, Treat-to-target, Parallel-group Trial Comparing SIBA D Once Daily, SIBA E Once Daily, SIBA D Monday, Wednesday and Friday and Insulin Glargine Once Daily, All in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With [NCT00611884]Phase 2245 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Effects of Local Insulin on Wound Angiogenesis and Fibroplasia in Varicose Ulcers [NCT04310280]Phase 313 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-06-01Completed
Comparison of Lantus and NPH Insulin in the Dawn Phenomenon [NCT00694122]Phase 327 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
A Randomized, Active-controlled, Open Label, 2-treatment Arm, and Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of the Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Combination to Insulin Glargine on Top of OADs in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T [NCT02752828]Phase 3521 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-23Completed
The LANCET Trial: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Lantus for C-reactive Protein Reduction in Early Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00366301]Phase 4500 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Interim analyses demonstrated futility. Thus, recruitment curtailed 10/08.)
A Six Month, Open-Label Outpatient, Randomized Parallel Group Trial Assessing The Impact Of Dry Powder Inhaled Insulin (Exubera®) On Glycemic Control Compared To Insulin Glargine (Lantus®) In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Are Poorly Controlle [NCT00391027]Phase 4261 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-31Completed
A 28-week, Prospective, Single-arm, Phase 4 Study to Evaluate Treatment Optimization With Once-daily Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL in Combination With Prandial Rapid-acting Insulin Analogue in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Previously Uncontrolled on Twice-dai [NCT03406000]Phase 4170 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-22Completed
A Phase 2 Study of LY2605541 Compared With Insulin Glargine in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01049412]Phase 2138 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
The Utility of Insulin Glargine (Lantus) Compared to NPH in Ethnic Minority Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Starting Insulin Therapy [NCT00686712]Phase 4108 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-02-28Completed
Assessment of the Phenotype of the Type 2 Diabetic Responders to the First Insulinisation Using Lantus (Insulin Glargine) Plus Glucophage (Metformin) Combination After Failure in OADs Treatment [NCT00653302]Phase 4280 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-04-30Completed
All to Target Trial Lantus® (Insulin Glargine) With Stepwise Addition of APIDRA® (Insulin Glulisine) or Lantus With One Injection of Apidra vs a Twice-Daily Premixed Insulin Regimen (Novolog® Mix 70/30) in Adult Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Failing Dual [NCT00384085]Phase 4588 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
A 16 Week Randomised, Open Labelled, 3 Armed, Parallel Group, Treat-to-target Trial Comparing Once Daily Injection of SIAC 30 (B), SIAC 45 (B) and Insulin Glargine, All in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Failing on OAD Treatmen [NCT00614055]Phase 2178 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
A 52 Week Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Once Weekly IcoSema and Daily Insulin Glargine 100 Units/mL Combined With Insulin Aspart, Both Treatment Arms With or Without Oral Anti Diabetic Drugs, in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately [NCT05013229]Phase 3680 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-11-30Active, not recruiting
Randomized Trial of Liraglutide and Insulin Therapy on Hepatic Steatosis as Measured by MRI and MRS in Metformin-treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: an Open Pilot Study [NCT01399645]Phase 235 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
An Open, Single-centre, Controlled Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Usability of Published Best Practice to Control Glycaemia in Hospitalised Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT01407289]Phase 474 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
A Randomised, Single-centre, Double-blind, Parallelgroup, Multiple Dose Trial Comparing the Within-subject Variability of SIBA and Insulin Glargine With Respect to Pharmacodynamic Response at Steady State Conditions in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT00961324]Phase 154 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-27Completed
A 26-week Trial Investigating the Dosing Flexibility, Efficacy and Safety of NN1250 in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes With a 26-week Extension (Begin™: Flex T1) [NCT01079234]Phase 3493 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
Treatment Satisfaction of Insulin Glargine Plus Insulin Apidra Compared With NPH Insulin Plus Insulin Apidra in Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Children and Adolescents [NCT00925977]44 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Terminated
28-week, Open, Randomized, Multinational, Multicenter Clinical Trial to Compare Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy of Glimepiride Plus Metformin Plus HOE901 Insulin Analogue Versus a Two-injection Conventional Therapy With Premixed Insulin NPH 30/ [NCT00783744]Phase 3375 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-12-31Completed
A 26 Week Randomised, Multinational, Open Labelled, 2 Armed, Parallel Group, Treat-to-target Once Daily Treatment Trial With Insulin Detemir Versus Insulin Glargine, Both in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00909480]Phase 4457 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine for Glycemic Control in Critical Illness Hyperglycemia [NCT06178874]90 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-31Not yet recruiting
Basal Insulin in the Management of Patients With Diabetic Ketoacidosis [NCT00590044]Phase 474 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-12-31Completed
A 12-month Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Real-world Clinical Effectiveness, Safety and Health-economic Benefits of Toujeo® Initiation After Oral Antidiabetic Drug Failure in Insulin-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03703869]4,589 participants (Actual)Observational2018-03-06Completed
A Study of LY900014 in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring [NCT04605991]Phase 3187 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-11-04Completed
A Randomised, Single Centre, Double-blind, Two-Period Cross-over, Multiple Dose Trial Comparing the Pharmacodynamic Response of Insulin 454 With Insulin Glargine at Steady-State Conditions in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01868529]Phase 163 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Early Administration of Long-acting Insulin Glargine for the Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Double Blind Trial [NCT02548494]17 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Project terminated due to insufficient resources for recruitment.)
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of LY900014 to Insulin Lispro, Both in Combination With Insulin Glargine or Insulin Degludec in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT03952143]Phase 3628 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-05-27Completed
The PERSISTENT Trial: A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Insulin Lispro Protamine Suspension to Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Anti-hyperglycemic Medications [NCT00510952]Phase 3471 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Completed
A Randomized, Phase 3, Open-label Trial Comparing the Effect of Tirzepatide Once Weekly Versus Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin With or Without a Sulfonylurea [NCT04093752]Phase 3917 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-12-09Completed
The Differences Between Insulin Glargine U300 and Insulin Degludec U100 in Impact on the Glycaemic Variability, Oxidative Stress, Arterial Stiffness and the Lipid Profiles in Insulin naïve Patients Suffering From Type Two Diabetes Mellitus [NCT04692415]Phase 425 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-15Completed
Comparison of Three Therapeutic Strategies for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Poorly Controlled With Basal Insulin Associated With Oral Antidiabetic Drugs [NCT00174642]Phase 3811 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-12-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus Insulin Glargine Plus Dulaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Insufficiently Controlled by Insulin Glargine and Metformin Combination Therapy [NCT04893148]Phase 440 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-05-26Active, not recruiting
[NCT00540709]Phase 458 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-11-30Completed
Effects of Colesevelam on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00147745]Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
A Randomised, Cross-over, Open-label, Multi-centre Trial Comparing the Effect of Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine 100U/mL, With or Without OADs in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Using Flash Glucose Monitoring [NCT03687827]Phase 4498 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-02Completed
Healthy Heart Study: Can Insulin Glargine Improve Myocardial Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease? A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study With Blinded Analysis of Ultrasound Data [NCT01035528]Phase 432 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-04-30Active, not recruiting
INHALE-1: A 26-week Primary Treatment Phase, With 26-week Extension, Open-label, Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Afrezza® Versus Rapid-acting Insulin Analog Injections, Both in Combination With a Basal Insulin, in Pediatric [NCT04974528]Phase 3264 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-09-29Recruiting
Comparison of Two Therapeutic Strategies for Treating Type 2 Diabetic Patients Poorly Controlled With Basal Insulin Associated With Oral Antidiabetic Drugs : 6-month Proof of Concept Study. [NCT00360698]Phase 4106 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
Randomized, Double-blind, Euglycemic Glucose Clamp Study of Four Formulations of SAR161271, in Single Doses in Healthy Subjects and Single Ascending Doses in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01053728]Phase 1/Phase 246 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
Comparison of Two Approaches to Basal-Bolus Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control on Oral Therapy: Comparison of Premixed Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture With Separate Basal and Bolus Insulin Injections [NCT00377858]Phase 4484 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
A Multicenter, International Randomized, 2x2 Factorial Design Study to Evaluate the Effects of Lantus (Insulin Glargine) Versus Standard Care, and of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Versus Placebo, in Reducing Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in High Risk Peopl [NCT00069784]Phase 312,537 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-08-31Completed
A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, 28 Days Phase IV Study Comparing The Postprandial Plasma Glucose Profile of Lixisenatide With That of Sitagliptin Add-On to Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02200991]Phase 4136 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-31Completed
A Bicentric Open-label, Randomized, Two-parallel-group Study Investigating the Impact of Combined Lantus Insulin Glargine) and Lyxumia(Lixisenatide) on Insulin Secretion and Gastric Emptying in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Adequately Control [NCT01910194]Phase 239 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
Comparison of Insulin Glargine Vs Standard Insulin Therapy in CFRD Without Fasting Hyperglycemia [NCT00222521]Phase 320 participants Interventional2003-04-30Completed
A Multicentre, Multinational, Randomised, Open Study to Establish the Optimal Method for Initiating Lantus(Insulin Glargine) Therapy to Determine Metabolic and Economic Outcomes, Safety, and Satisfaction in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00565162]Phase 4124 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
A Comparison of Premixed and Basal-Bolus Insulin Intensification Therapies in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycaemic Control on Twice-daily Premixed Insulin [NCT01175811]Phase 4402 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
Validation of Insulin Protocol for Prevention and Management of Hyperglycemia in Oncology Patients With Diabetes Receiving High Dose Glucocorticoid Therapy [NCT02012465]Early Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-30Completed
Efficacy and Safety of TrEating Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Inadequate Response to Metformin and DPP-4 Inhibitors by Adding Basal Insulin Therapy (Insulin Glargine) [NCT02027753]Phase 4109 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
A Multiple Dose, Randomised, Double Blinded, Double Dummy Trial Investigating Efficacy and Safety of NNC0268-0965 Versus Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT04575181]Phase 186 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-21Completed
FLAT-SUGAR: FLuctuATion Reduction With inSULin and Glp-1 Added togetheR [NCT01524705]Phase 4102 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Completed
No Evidence for Essential Differences Between the Effects of Insulin Glargine, Insulin Detemir and NPH Insulin on Glucose Metabolism After a Single Injection as Assessed by 24-h Euglycemic Clamp Studies in Healthy Humans [NCT00566124]Phase 410 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
Lantus vs Sulfonylurea as add-on Therapy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Failing Metformin Monotherapy: Comparison of Effects on Beta Cell Function and Metabolic Profile. [NCT00562172]Phase 475 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Completed
A Multicenter, Non-Comparative, Open, Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine on Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00563225]Phase 390 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-10-31Completed
The Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity Study Comparing an Insulin Glargine Biosimilar Sansulin® Log-G With Its Reference Lantus® in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT04591457]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-10-31Not yet recruiting
Randomized Clinical Trial of Subcutaneous Analog Basal Bolus Therapy Versus Sliding Scale Human Regular Insulin in the Hospital Management of Hyperglycemia in Non-Critically Ill Patients Without Known History of Diabetes: The HMH Trial [NCT01136746]Phase 316 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Terminated(stopped due to Low enrollment)
Hyperglycemia and Its Effect After Acute Myocardial Infarction on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (HEART2D) [NCT00191282]Phase 41,116 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-10-31Completed
An Open Therapeutic Project to Confirm the Efficacy Tolerability and Safety Profile of Lantus in Everyday Medical Practice [NCT00576368]Phase 44,464 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
Basal Bolus Regimen With Insulin Analogs Versus Human Insulin in Medical Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Paraguay [NCT02278913]Phase 4134 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
A Phase 3b, Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized, Forced-titration Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Technosphere® Insulin Inhalation Powder, Using the Gen2 Inhaler, in Combination With Insulin Glargine Versus Insulin Aspart in Combinati [NCT01196104]Phase 339 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Terminated(stopped due to For Business Reasons)
Glargine Insulin Versus Continous Regular Insulin in Diabetic Surgical Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition (GLUCOSE-in-PN) [NCT02216799]Phase 461 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Completed
A 6-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine and Lantus® in Japanese Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus With a 6-month Safety Extension Period [NCT01689129]Phase 3243 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
Comparison of Twice-Daily Insulin Lispro Low Mixture Versus Once-Daily Basal Insulin Glargine and Once-Daily Prandial Insulin Lispro as Insulin Intensification Strategies in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Basal Insul [NCT01175824]Phase 4478 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
A 26-week Randomised, Confirmatory, Controlled, Open Label, Multicentre, Multinational Treat-to-target Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of SIBA 200 U/ml Three Times Weekly Injected in the Evening and Insulin Glargine Once Daily in a Population of I [NCT01076647]Phase 3467 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
A Randomized, 26-week, Open-label, 2-treatment Arm, Parallel Group Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed-ratio Combination (Soliqua™) Titrated Using a Simple Titration Algorithm (One Unit Daily Adjustme [NCT03767543]Phase 3265 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-03-11Completed
A Multicenter, Multinational, Prospective, Interventional, Single-arm, Phase IV Study Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of 26 Weeks of Treatment With Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Uncontrolled on B [NCT03760991]Phase 4372 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-18Completed
Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Basal Insulin in Non-critical Hospitalized Diabetic Patients That Receive Total Parenteral Nutrition [NCT02706119]Phase 4163 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-01Completed
NN1250-3583: A 52 Week Randomised, Controlled, Open Label, Multicentre, Multinational, Parallel, Treat-to-target Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of SIBA and Insulin Glargine Both Administered Once Daily in a Basal-bolus Regimen With Insulin Aspart as [NCT00982228]Phase 3629 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-01Completed
Differences in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Effects of Pioglitazone vs. Insulin Glargine in the Treatment of Secondary Drug Failure in Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00609856]Phase 436 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
A Randomized, 24-week, Controlled, Open Label, Parallel Arm, Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of the Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination to Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Patients, Inadequately Controlled on Basal [NCT03529123]Phase 3247 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-19Completed
Bedtime Insulin Glargine or Bedtime Neutral Protamine Lispro Combined With Sulfonylurea and Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes. A Randomized, Controlled Trial [NCT00641407]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
Efficacy and Durability of Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA)/Thiazolidinedione Versus Basal Bolus Insulin Therapy in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetic Patients (T2DM) Patients on Sulfonylurea Plus Metformin [NCT02887625]410 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-02-28Recruiting
Target Glycemic Control and the Incidence of Symptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Insulin Naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes on Oral Hypoglycemic Agent(s) and Treated With Insulin Glargine or NPH Human Insulin. [NCT00653341]Phase 3764 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-01-31Completed
A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 4 Study to Assess the Safety of Basaglar in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India [NCT04153981]Phase 4260 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-12-16Completed
NN1250-3579: A 52-week Randomised, Controlled, Open Label, Multicentre, Multinational Treat-to-target Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of SIBA and Insulin Glargine, Both Injected Once Daily in Combination With Oral Anti-diabetic Drugs (OAD), in Sub [NCT00982644]Phase 31,030 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogs Given as a Bolus by Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) and in MDI Basal-Bolus Therapy in Pediatric Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes (TID) [NCT00652288]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
A Phase II, Randomized, Open Label, 2-Way Crossover, Safety Study of Subcutaneously Injected Prandial INSULIN-PH20 NP Compared to Insulin Analog Injection in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT00883558]Phase 248 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
Pan-European Proof-of-concept Study Comparing Decentralised Clinical Trial (DCT) and Hybrid Approaches to Conventional Clinical Trial Approaches in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Toujeo® [NCT05780151]Phase 4600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-30Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm Parallel-group, Multicenter Study With a 24-week Double-blind Treatment Period Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Insufficiently Controlled With Insulin Glargine and M [NCT00975286]Phase 3446 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
Glargine Dosing in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Insufficiency [NCT00911625]Phase 4114 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-21Completed
Insulin Glargine Versus Regular Insulin Based Regimens in Glycemic Control After Acute Stroke: A Multi-center, Randomized Control Study [NCT02607943]Phase 3120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-12-31Recruiting
NN5401-3590: A Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of NN5401 With Insulin Glargine in Insulin Naive Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (BOOST™ : START 1) / NN5401-3726: An Extension Trial Comparing Safety and Efficacy of NN5401 With Insulin Glargine in Subject [NCT01045707]Phase 3530 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
A Glucose Clamp Trial Investigating the Biosimilarity of Gan & Lee Insulin Glargine Injection (Insulin Glargine 100 U/mL) With US and EU Lantus® Comparator Products in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT04236895]Phase 1114 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-07-10Completed
A 24 Weeks, Randomized, 2 Arms, Controlled, Multi-centre, National, Open-labeled, Parallel Study in Insulin naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes to Compare a Lantus Titration Algorithm vs. Physician's Standard Practice [NCT00627471]Phase 49 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Terminated(stopped due to Low recruitment in spite of strategies implemented)
A Phase II, Randomized, Double Blind, 2-Way Crossover Safety and Efficacy Study of Subcutaneously Injected Prandial Insulins: Lispro-PH20 or Aspart-PH20 Compared to Insulin Lispro (Humalog®) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT01194258]Phase 2132 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
The Impact of LY2189265 Versus Insulin Glargine in Combination With Insulin Lispro for the Treatment to Target of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (AWARD-4: Assessment of Weekly AdministRation of LY2189265 in Diabetes - 4) [NCT01191268]Phase 3884 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
Concurrent Subcutaneous Basal Insulin and Intravenous Insulin Pump in Hyperglycemic Crisis Patients Under Critical Care [NCT05155917]Phase 270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-03-01Recruiting
A Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Design Trial. Glycemia Optimization Treatment: Safety of Glucose Control Using Dosing Algorithms With Lantus®(Insulin Glargine [rDNA Origin[) in Adult Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. [NCT00552370]Phase 45,062 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-03-31Completed
Evaluation of Differing Type 1 Diabetes Regimens in Youth in the Developing World [NCT01424046]50 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Insulin Detemir Plus Insulin Aspart Versus Insulin Glargine Plus Insulin Aspart in Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00097084]Phase 3324 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Comparative Investigation of Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine Versus Metformin as First Line Drug in Treatment of Early Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00857870]Phase 496 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
A 12 Week, Parallel, Open-label, Randomized, Multi-center Study Evaluating Use, Safety and Effectiveness of a Web Based Tool vs. Enhanced Usual Therapy of Glargine Titration in T2DM Patients With a 4 Week Safety Extension [NCT02540486]139 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Exenatide Once-Weekly Injection Compared to Once-Daily Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Oral Antidiabetic(s) [NCT00935532]Phase 3427 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
Evaluation of Diabetic Retinopathy Progression in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Insulin [NCT00174824]Phase 41,024 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-06-30Completed
An 8-week Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel, Multiple Dose Trial Comparing NNC0123-0000-0338 in a Tablet Formulation and Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Currently Treated With Oral Antidiabetic Therapy [NCT02470039]Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-01Completed
A Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of NN1250 and Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (BEGIN™: LOW VOLUME) [NCT01068665]Phase 3460 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
The Effect of Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control, Morbidity, and Length of Stay in Hospitalized Subjects With Diabetes Receiving Enteral Nutrition [NCT00177398]Phase 450 participants Interventional2005-02-28Completed
Multicenter,Open,Uncontrolled,Clinical Extension Trial in Subjects With Type I Diabetes Previously Participating in Study HMR1964A/3011 in Belgium [NCT00576862]Phase 432 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-11-30Completed
44-week, Parallel, Open, Randomized, Multinational, Multi-center Clinical Trial to Compare Efficacy and Safety of the Combination Therapy of an Oral Anti-diabetic Drug Treatment With Either HOE901 Insulin Once Daily or Lispro Insulin Analogue at Mealtime [NCT00311818]Phase 40 participants Interventional2003-06-30Completed
Basal Insulin Therapy in Patients With Insulin Resistance: A 6 Month Comparison of Insulin Glargine and NPH Insulin [NCT01854723]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Withdrawn
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Single Dose, Six-Period Cross-over Dose Response Trial Comparing the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Insulin 454 With Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes [NCT01865292]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
A 24-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Group Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) and Insulin Degludec 100 U/mL (IDeg-100) in Insulin-Naïve People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Renal Impairme [NCT05552859]Phase 462 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-12-05Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor decision to cancel trial due to poor recruitment/ severe recruitment delay and not related to safety concern.)
32-Week, Open, Randomized, Cross-Over, Local, Multicenter Clinical Trial Comparing Insulin Glargine in Combination With Insulin Analogue (Insulin Lispro) to NPH Insulin in Combination With Regular Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in an Intensi [NCT00537251]Phase 380 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-11-30Completed
Phase IV, Open Label, Non-comparative, Multi-center, Study of the Effects of Both Insulin Glargine & Insulin Glulisine in Type I Diabetes Mellitus Patients. [NCT00539448]Phase 498 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
Assessment of Duration of Metabolic Effect of a Single Bolus of Subcutaneous Injected Lantus Compared to NPH-Insulin(Protaphan)in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00553020]Phase 416 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of a Long-Acting Basal Insulin Analog LY2963016 to Lantus in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The ELEMENT 2 Study [NCT01421459]Phase 3759 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, 3-sequence, 3-period Cross-over, Single-dose Study of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine Compared to the Marketed Lantus® in Japanese Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using the Euglycemic Clamp Technique [NCT01493115]Phase 118 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
A School Intervention: Lunch Time Insulin Injections in Children With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes [NCT00340613]Phase 436 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
A Crossover Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Preprandial Human Insulin Inhalation Powder (HIIP) Compared to Preprandial Injectable Insulin in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00447213]Phase 2/Phase 370 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
12-week, Multicenter, Controlled, Open, 3:1 Randomized, Parallel Clinical Trial Comparing Insulin Glulisine With Regular Human Insulin (Insulin Lispro) Injected Subcutaneously in Subjects With Type 1 or 2 Diabetes Mellitus Also Using Lantus (Insulin Glarg [NCT00467376]Phase 3485 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
Chronic Reduction of Fasting Gylcaemia With Insulin Glargine Improves First and Second Phase Insulin Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT01249677]Phase 414 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
Satisfaction of Treatment Among Elderly Patients With Insulin Therapy Using Pens for a Basal Insulin Treatment (STEP IT UP a BIT) [NCT01240200]Phase 449 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
A Multicenter Clinical Trial to Evaluate Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Before and After Changing Therapy to a Combination of Insulin Glargine and Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in a Real Life Situation [NCT00518427]Phase 426 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
A Trial Investigating the Hypoglycaemic Response to Overdosing of NNC0148-0287 C (Insulin 287) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT03945656]Phase 143 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-05-07Completed
A Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart With Insulin Glargine in Insulin Naive Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (BOOST™: JAPAN) [NCT01272193]Phase 3296 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Twenty-Four-Hour Plasma Glucose Profiles Observed in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During Therapy Consisting of Oral Agent(s) Plus Twice-Daily Insulin Lispro Low Mixture or Once-Daily Insulin Glargine [NCT00551538]Phase 415 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-05-31Completed
Effects of Modulators of Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis and Glucokinase Activity on Endogenous Glucose Production in Type 2 Diabetes [NCT05098470]Phase 3100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-03-07Recruiting
Effects of LY3209590 on Frequency and Severity of Hypoglycaemia Under Conditions of Increased Hypoglycaemic Risk Compared to Insulin Glargine in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT04957914]Phase 154 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-07-14Completed
"An Open-label, Randomized, Multi-center, Parallel-group Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin RinGlar® (Geropharm, Russia) Compared to Lantus® SoloStar® (Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Germany) in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients [NCT04022993]Phase 3180 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-07-04Completed
Italian Experience Trial for the Implementation of the Use of Lantus in Basal - Bolus Regimen in Type I Diabetes Mellitus Patients. [NCT00272090]Phase 3489 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-11-30Completed
Can Hypoglycaemia Awareness Be Restored in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes and Severe Hypoglycaemia Employing Optimised Subcutaneous Insulin Regime or Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Pump [NCT00360984]Phase 421 participants Interventional2003-05-31Completed
AN OPEN-LABEL, RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER, PHASE 3 STUDY TO COMPARE THE IMMUNOGENICITY, EFFICACY, AND SAFETY OF GAN & LEE PHARMACEUTICALS INSULIN GLARGINE INJECTION TO LANTUS® IN ADULT SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS [NCT03371108]Phase 3567 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-31Completed
Risk of Hypoglycemia in the Transition From Inpatient to Outpatient Setting. Comparative Study of Basal-bolus Insulin Versus Basal Insulin Plus GLP-1 Analogue [NCT05767255]Phase 366 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-12-01Recruiting
"A Twenty-six Week, Randomized, Open-label, 2-Arm Parallel Group Real World Pragmatic Trial to Assess the Clinical and Health Outcomes Benefit of Toujeo® Compared to Standard of Care Insulin for Initiating Basal Insulin in Insulin Naïve Patients With Unco [NCT02967224]Phase 4705 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-05Completed
Open Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Lantus for Insulin Naive Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients or Patients Who Use Insulin Combined With 1 or More Oral Antidiabetic Drugs and Don't Have Good Glycemic Control. [NCT00268645]Phase 4534 participants Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Pilot Study on Glycaemic Variability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Basal Insulin and Fixed Combo Oral Antidiabetic Treatment. [NCT00272077]Phase 40 participants Interventional2005-04-30Completed
A Comparison of Prandial Insulin Lispro Mixtures Therapy to Glargine Basal-Bolus Therapy With Insulin Lispro on the Overall Glycemic Control of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Previously Treated With Oral Agents Combined With Insulin Glargine [NCT00110370]Phase 4300 participants Interventional2004-04-30Completed
Comparison of Glycaemic Fluctuations During 3 Days Subcutaneous Continuous Monitoring in Patients With Basal Substitution Human Insulin NPH vs Insuline Glargine [NCT00322075]Phase 435 participants Interventional2006-04-30Completed
Human Versus Analogue Insulin for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes in Low-Resource Settings: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05614089]Phase 4400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-15Recruiting
Comparison of the Effect on Glycemic Control of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 70/30 Versus Insulin Glargine in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00097877]Phase 3293 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
Insulin Glulisine Administered in a Fixed Bolus Regimen Versus Variable Bolus Regimen Based on Carbohydrate Counting in Adult Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Insulin Glargine as Basal Insulin [NCT00135057]Phase 3281 participants Interventional2004-04-30Completed
APIDRA® (Insulin Glulisine) Administered Premeal vs Postmeal in Adult Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving LANTUS® (Insulin Glargine) as Basal Insulin: a Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel, Open Label Clinical Study [NCT00135096]Phase 3345 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-08-31Completed
A Double Blind, Randomized, Parallel, Cross-Over Comparision of Glycemic Control Achieved With Once a Day Insulin Glargine Versus Detemir in Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00457093]35 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-10-31Completed
One-Year Glargine-Treatment Can Ameliorate Clinical Features in Cystic Fibrosis Children and Adolescents With Glucose Derangements [NCT00483769]Phase 420 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-02-28Completed
Multicentric, Open Label Clinical Trial. Use of Optimal Method to Initiate and Maintain Lantus Therapy (Insulin Glargine) in Combination With Hypoglycemic Agents, Assessing the Resulting Metabolic Control and the Safety in T2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. [NCT00488527]Phase 4371 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
Insulin Glargine Plus Insulin Glulisine MDI Versus Premix Insulin Treatment in Subjects With Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 or Type 2) Evaluating Differences in Patient Reported Outcomes [NCT00135941]Phase 3582 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-31Completed
A National, Multicenter, Prospective, Interventional, Open-label, Single-arm, 24-Week Phase IV Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Initiation and Titration of Insulin Glargine U300 in Insulin-naïve Patients With T2DM Inadequately Controlled [NCT02954692]Phase 4112 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-30Completed
Comparison of Carbohydrate Metabolism During the Night and at Hypoglycemia in Type-2 Diabetic Patients Either on Glargine or NPH Insulin [NCT00468364]12 participants (Actual)Observational2003-07-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of INS068 and Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Adequately Controlled With Oral Antidiabetic Drugs [NCT05699408]Phase 3513 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-03-31Active, not recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Once-weekly Semaglutide S.C. 2.0 mg as Add-on to Dose-reduced Insulin Glargine vs Titrated Insulin Glargine in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight [NCT05514535]Phase 3568 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-08-29Recruiting
Comparison of Postprandial Glycemic Control in Non-critically Ill Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Novolog vs. Fiasp Insulin: a Randomized Controlled Open Label Trial [NCT04460326]Phase 3139 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-12-07Completed
"Comparison of SoloSTAR With a Syringe-administered Glargine Insulin in Diabetic Patients Discharged From the Hospital" [NCT01203774]Phase 443 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Completed
The Utility of Insulin Glargine (Lantus) Compared to NPH in Ethnic Minority Type 2 Diabetic Subjects on Combination Insulin-Oral Agent Therapy [NCT00687453]Phase 427 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-02-28Terminated
An Assessment of the Impact of Performing Physical Exercise on the Maximum Plasma Glucose Decline in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Managed on a Basal Bolus Insulin Regimen: A Comparison of 3 Basal Insulin Treatments - Insulin Detemir, Insulin Glargine and [NCT00313742]Phase 451 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
A First-in-Human, Ascending-Dose Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability of a Single, Subcutaneous Dose of LY3209590 [NCT02942914]Phase 180 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-20Completed
Testing the Usefulness of Lantus When Initiated Prematurely In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00174681]Phase 4390 participants Interventional2003-04-30Completed
Pilot Study Investigating the Effects of Insulin Lispro Low Mixture Therapy Compared With Insulin Glargine on Perceived Mood Symptoms in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00191178]Phase 460 participants Interventional2003-08-31Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Insulin Glargine Versus Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30/70 or Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30/70 in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. [NCT00184626]Phase 497 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-10Completed
52-week, Open, Randomized, Multinational, Multicenter Clinical Trial Comparing Insulin Glulisine in Combination With Insulin Glargine in an Intensified Insulin Regimen to a Two-injection Conventional Insulin Regimen in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Wi [NCT00174668]Phase 3311 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-11-30Completed
An Open-label, Randomised, In-patient, Cross Over PK/PD Trial Investigating the Pharmackinectic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles Following Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Insulin Aspart or Injection of Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mel [NCT00184613]Phase 122 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-31Completed
The Incidence of Hypoglycemia in Insulin Glargine-Treated Subjects With Diabetes Mellitus Upon Switching Between Bedtime and Morning Dosing [NCT00609895]Phase 422 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
Pilot Study for the Evaluation of the Effects of Insulin Treatment on Myocardial Function, Perfusion, and Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Primary Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes. [NCT00335465]Phase 415 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
Efficacy of Exenatide Compared With Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using Metformin or Sulfonylurea for Whom Insulin is the Next Appropriate Therapy [NCT00099619]Phase 3138 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Insulin Detemir and Insulin Glargine Plus Insulin Aspart in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00106366]Phase 3389 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-03-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glulisine Compared With Insulin Lispro in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A 26 Week, Multicenter, Open, Parallel Clinical Trial [NCT00115570]Phase 3572 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-30Completed
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) [NCT00000620]Phase 310,251 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-09-30Completed
Substituting Lantus®(Insulin Glargine[rDNAorigin]Inj) for a Thiazolidinedione vs. a 3rd Oral Agent as add-on Therapy in Patients Failing a Thiazolidinedione & Sulfonylurea or Metformin Combination [NCT00046462]Phase 3240 participants Interventional2001-11-30Completed
Morning LANTUS v. Intermediate-acting Insulin 2x/Day as Basal Insulin in a Multiple Daily Inj. w/ Humalog in Adolescents w/ Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: an Active-controlled, Open, Randomized, Gender-stratified, Two-arm, Parallel-group Study [NCT00046501]Phase 3250 participants Interventional2002-11-30Completed
"A Twenty-six Week, Randomized, Open-label, 2-arm Parallel Group Real World Pragmatic Trial to Assess the Clinical and Health Outcomes Benefit of Transition to Toujeo Compared to Standard of Care Insulin in Basal Insulin Treated Patients With Uncontrolled [NCT02967211]Phase 4609 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-21Completed
A Multicentre, Multinational, Randomised, Open Study to Establish the Optimal Method for Initiating and Maintaining Lantus® (Insulin Glargine) Therapy Based on a Comparison of Two Treatment Algorithms to Determine Optimal Metabolic Outcomes, Safety, and S [NCT00399724]Phase 47,376 participants Interventional2002-03-31Completed
"A Phase IIIb/IV, Multinational, Multicentre, Randomised, Open Study to Establish the Optimal Method for Initiating and Maintaining Lantus® (Insulin Glargine) Therapy Based on a Comparison of Two Treatment Algorithms to Determine Optimal Metabolic Outcome [NCT00390728]Phase 42,346 participants Interventional2002-04-30Completed
Target Glycemic Control and the Incidence of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia in Insulin naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Failing on Oral Hypoglycemic Agent(s) and Treated With Insulin Glargine or Insulin Detemir. [NCT00405418]Phase 4973 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide-bolus (Liraglutide Plus Prandial Insulin) Versus Glargine-bolus Therapy in Overweight / Obese Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes (LiraGooD)--A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03087032]Phase 4140 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-01-10Recruiting
An Interventional, Open-label, Single-arm, Multicenter, 24 Weeks Phase 4 Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Toujeo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Basal Insulin [NCT02967237]Phase 4136 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-04Completed
Conventional Insulin Therapy Vs Intensive Insulin Management In Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00206401]Phase 460 participants Interventional2004-11-30Completed
A 6-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine and Lantus® Injected in the Morning or Evening in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus With a 6-month Safety [NCT01683266]Phase 3549 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
Long-Term Effects of Insulin Plus Metformin Regimens on the Overall and Postprandial Glycemic Control of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparison of Premeal Insulin Lispro Mixtures to Once-Daily Insulin Glargine [NCT00191464]Phase 4320 participants Interventional2003-12-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Insulin Detemir Plus Insulin Aspart Versus Insulin Glargine Plus Insulin Aspart in Type 1 Diabetes [NCT00095082]Phase 3447 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study [NCT05220917]781,430 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-08-01Active, not recruiting
Exploration of the Weight Neutral Effects of Insulin Detemir Compared to Insulin Glargine: A Measure of Satiety and Calories Consumed in Type 1 Diabetes [NCT00659165]10 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing a DPP4 Inhibitor (Linagliptin) and Basal Insulin (Glargine) in Long-Term Care Residents With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT02061969]Phase 4140 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-25Completed
10-week, Open, National, Multicenter Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, on Intensified Conventional Therapy (ICT) [NCT00354939]Phase 4480 participants Interventional2003-10-31Completed
Cost Effectiveness of Glargine Insulin Versus NPH Insulin in Diabetic Patients in Iran [NCT01832935]Phase 4200 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Completed
A Double-blind, Randomized, Two-treatment Crossover Bioequivalence Study Comparing Two New Insulin Glargine Formulations Using the Euglycemic Clamp Technique in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01838083]Phase 150 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
A Randomized, 30-week, Active-controlled, Open Label, 2- Treatment Arm, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of the Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination to Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin in Patie [NCT02058160]Phase 3736 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
Pharmacodynamics of LY2963016 Compared to LANTUS® in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01600950]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Linagliptin Inpatient Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Safety and Efficacy of Linagliptin (Tradjenta®) Therapy for the Inpatient Management of General Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT02004366]Phase 4295 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
A Prospective, Multicentric, Randomized, Open-Label Comparison of a Long-Acting Basal Insulin Analog Glargine Plus Glulisine With Premixed Insulin in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02987751]Phase 4200 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-29Completed
Remission Evaluation of a Metabolic Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes With Forxiga [NCT02561130]Phase 4154 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
Empagliflozin Effect on Glucose Toxicity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients - a Randomized, Open-label, Controlled, Parallel Group, Exploratory Study [NCT03437330]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-27Active, not recruiting
Evaluation (Safety and Efficacy) of Treatment With Insulin Glargine and Glimepiride in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Before, During and After the Period of Fasting in Ramadan [NCT00258804]Phase 4450 participants Interventional2005-05-31Completed
Study on the Feasibility and Treatment Experience of Community Doctors in Shenzhen Guided by Specialists to Use Basic Insulin in the Treatment of Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT04553380]150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-01Not yet recruiting
A 6-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine and Lantus® Both in Combination With Oral Antihyperglycemic Drug(s) in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes M [NCT01689142]Phase 3240 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
A Crossover, Multicentre, Randomised Trial Comparing the Effect on the Control of Blood Glucose Concentration of Insulin Glargine and Insulin Detemir, Combined With Insulin Glulisine, Used as a Bolus, in Type 1 Diabetic Patients [NCT00271284]Phase 388 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
Optimisation of Insulin Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Telecare Assistance for Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG). [NCT00272064]Phase 3352 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Detemir and Insulin Glargine as Add-on to Current Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00283751]Phase 3583 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-03-31Completed
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Detemir and Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. [NCT00312104]Phase 3325 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-04-30Completed
Single Centre, Open, Controlled, Randomised (1:1), Parallel Group: Insulin Glargine vs. NPH: FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose) in Patients With DM Type 1 Who Skip the Morning Meal During Treatment With MDI (Multiple Daily Injection) Basal/Bolus Insulin [NCT00313937]Phase 491 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-11-30Completed
Assessment of Safety and Tolerability of Lantus® (Insulin Glargine) in Subjects With Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) or Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) [NCT00348972]Phase 120 participants Interventional2002-02-28Completed
A Single-centre, Parallel-group, Randomised, Double Blind Trial in Healthy Japanese Subjects Comparing the Within-subject Variability of Insulin Detemir and Insulin Glargine With Respect to Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties [NCT01497535]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-27Completed
A Single-centre, Randomised, Double-blind, Cross-over Trial Comparing the Within-subject Variability of the Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Insulin Detemir and Insulin Glargine in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01497574]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-31Completed
Establishing Cardiovascular Biomarkers to Define Preferred Lantus® Use. [NCT01500850]Phase 460 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-10-31Recruiting
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous NNC0268-0965 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT04136067]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-10-29Completed
Insulin Therapy for Post-transplant Glucocorticoid Induced Hyperglycemia [NCT01648218]Phase 45 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Poor enrollment)
A 16-week, Randomized, Open-label, Controlled Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine Versus Lantus in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01658579]Phase 259 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Completed
A 26-Week Randomized, Open-label, Active Controlled, Parallel-group, Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of the Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and [NCT02787551]Phase 3514 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-06Completed
6-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, 2-Arm, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine and Lantus® Injected Once Daily in Children and Adolescents Age 6 - 17 Years With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02735044]Phase 3463 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-04-14Completed
An Open-label, Randomized, Parallel Design Trial to Compare the Efficacy of a Sitagliptin-based Metabolic Intervention Versus Standard Diabetes Therapy in Inducing Remission of Type 2 Diabetes [NCT02623998]Phase 3102 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-09Completed
6-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine and Lantus® Both in Combination With Oral Antihyperglycemic Drug(s) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Wit [NCT01499095]Phase 3811 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-12-31Completed
6-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine and Lantus® Both Plus Mealtime Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With a 6-month Safety Extension [NCT01499082]Phase 3807 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-12-31Completed
A Trial Comparing the Effect of Exercise on Blood Glucose Between Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01704417]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-31Completed
Comparison of the Effects of LY2605541 and Insulin Glargine on Endogenous Glucose Output and Peripheral Glucose Disposal in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01654380]Phase 122 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Completed
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous NNC0148-0000-0287 in Healthy Subjects and in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01730014]Phase 170 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-31Completed
Early Basal Insulin Administration in Adult Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management [NCT04567225]Phase 439 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-01Terminated(stopped due to Stopped after internal review)
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate Early Intermittent Intensive Insulin Therapy as an Effective Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: REmission Studies Evaluating Type 2 DM - Intermittent Insulin Therapy (RESET-IT Pilot Study) [NCT01755468]Phase 324 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
Restoring Insulin Secretion Adult Medication Study [NCT01779362]Phase 3267 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of NNC0148-0000-0287 in Healthy Subjects [NCT01809184]Phase 184 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-04Completed
A Clinical Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) Versus Basal-bolus Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02420262]Phase 3506 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-26Completed
The Management of Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients [NCT01810952]Phase 437 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Completed
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Insulin-Sparing Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Insulin [NCT01462266]Phase 3660 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-13Completed
Early Use of Insulin Glargine in Diabetic Ketoacidosis [NCT00179127]75 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-08-31Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial to Prevent Diabetes With Short-term Insulin Glargine Treatment or Lifestyle Intervention [NCT01276912]2,420 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-01-31Recruiting
Impact of Insulin Detemir Versus Insulin Glargine on Glycaemic Control and Metabolism During Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01440439]Phase 430 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-11-30Recruiting
A Multicenter, Open-label, Single-arm, 24 Week Phase IV Study Evaluating the Effectiveness and Safety of Treatment of Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Following Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Failure [NCT01461577]Phase 489 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
Effect of NPH Insulin, Insulin Detemir and Insulin Glargine on IGFBP-1 Production and Serum IGF-I in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-label, Randomised, Triple Cross-over Trial [NCT01461616]Phase 319 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-29Completed
New Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Role of Exenatide [NCT01269034]Phase 413 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-31Completed
Sitagliptin for the Prevention and Treatment of Hyperglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Cardiac Surgery [NCT02556918]Phase 4202 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
Randomized Controlled Study of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) Inhibitor (Sitagliptin) Therapy in the Inpatient Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT01378117]Phase 490 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
A Randomized Comparison of Transitioning From Insulin GLargine to Insulin Degludec usING a Bridging Dose of Glargine Versus Direct Conversion, in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - a Pilot Study [NCT04623086]Phase 440 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-02-14Active, not recruiting
Evaluation of Insulin Glargine and Exenatide: A Randomized Clinical Trial With Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Ambulatory Glucose Profile Analysis [NCT01089569]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-04-30Completed
Resolution of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Intensive vs. Conventional Glycaemic Control After Obesity Surgery. [NCT01257087]35 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Controlled,Parallel-group Study for Beinaglutide Versus Glargine Therapy in Glycemic Variability of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03829891]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-08-07Completed
A 26-week Trial Comparing the Effect and Safety of Once Weekly Insulin Icodec and Once Daily Insulin Glargine 100 Units/mL, Both in Combination With Bolus Insulin With or Without Non-insulin Anti-diabetic Drugs, in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes on a Basal [NCT04880850]Phase 3582 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-05-14Completed
An Open-label, Randomized, Three-parallel-group Study on Pharmacodynamic Effects of 8-week QD Treatment With Lixisenatide Compared to Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequately Controlled With Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin [NCT01596504]Phase 2142 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Bioequivalence Study Comparing the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of LY2963016 With Insulin Glargine in Healthy Volunteers [NCT01476345]Phase 180 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
Efficacy and Safety Of Different Hypoglycemic Regimens Compared With Premixed Insulin In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Short-term Intensive Insulin Therapy [NCT05545800]Phase 378 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-09-01Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of LY3298176 Once Weekly Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Increased Cardiovascular Risk (SURPASS-4) [NCT03730662]Phase 32,002 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-11-20Completed
A Comparison of LY2605541 Versus Insulin Glargine as Basal Insulin Treatment in Combination With Oral Anti-Hyperglycemia Medications in Insulin-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind, Randomized Study [NCT01435616]Phase 31,538 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Ertugliflozin (MK-8835/PF-04971729) With Sitagliptin Compared With Ertugliflozin Alone and Sitagliptin Alone, in the Treatment of Subjects W [NCT02099110]Phase 31,233 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-22Completed
A 32-week Randomised, Multinational, Treat-to-target, Open Label, Parallel Group Comparison of Stepwise Insulin Intensification of Biphasic Insulin Aspart (BIAsp) 30 and Basal-bolus Therapy With Insulin Glargine and Insulin Aspart in Insulin naïve Type 2 [NCT02453685]Phase 4335 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-31Completed
A Randomized, Comparative Study of Basal-bolus Insulin Versus Conventional Sliding-scale Regular Insulin Therapy in Management of Non-critically Ill Patients Hospitalized in the Medical Ward. [NCT01594060]Phase 436 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Completed
Remission Evaluation of Metabolic Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes (REMIT): A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial [NCT01181674]Phase 483 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Hospital Insulin Protocol Aims for Glucose Control in Corticosteroid-induced Hyperglycemia [NCT01184014]Phase 472 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of NNC0148-0000-0362 in Healthy Subjects [NCT01597713]Phase 183 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Prospective Comparison of Early Subcutaneous Insulin Glargine Plus Standard of Care Versus Standard of Care for Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the Emergency Department [NCT02930044]18 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-31Completed
Diabetes Care in Nursing Home Residents: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT01131052]Phase 4150 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
The Determination of the First Dose and the Optimal Time of Administration of Insulin Glargine Combined With Oral Antidiabetic Drug in Poorly Controlled Type II Diabetic Patients [NCT00349986]Phase 44 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Terminated(stopped due to prematurely terminated due to loss of interest)
Treatment of Early Insulinization With Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Uncontrolled on Sulfonylurea or Metformin Monotherapy [NCT00347100]Phase 4387 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-5): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Glimepiride and Metformin Versus Glimepiride and Metformin Combination Therapy, and Versus Insulin Glargine [NCT00331851]Phase 3584 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
A Study of the Relationship Between the Proportional Insulin Glargine Evening Dose and the Perioperative Serum Glucose Values in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Surgery [NCT00309465]Phase 4402 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
A Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine in Insulin naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (BEGIN™: ONCE) [NCT01849289]Phase 3833 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-02Completed
A Pilot Study to Describe the Glycaemic Variability of Insulin Glargine 300U/ml Versus NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) in the Insulin-naïve Type 2 Diabetes Patients Following a Patient-adjusted Insulin Algorithm in Hong Kong [NCT03389490]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-01Completed
The Effect of Treatment With Basal Insulin Peglispro or Insulin Glargine on Insulin Sensitivity and the Effect of Prandial Insulin Lispro in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02197520]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
A Comparison of Pharmacodynamics When Receiving a Double Dose of Insulin Peglispro or Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind, Crossover Design Study [NCT02132637]Phase 368 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
A Single Center, Single-dose, Double-blind, Randomized, Two-period, Two-treatment, Two-sequence, Crossover Study to Demonstrate Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Similarity Between HEC-Glargine and US-Lantus® Using the Euglycemic Clamp Technique in Heal [NCT05248841]Phase 1104 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-03-08Completed
A Randomized, 30 Week, Active-controlled, Open-label, 3-treatment Arm, Parallel-group Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine/ Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination to Insulin Glargine Alone and to Lixisenatide Alone on Top [NCT02058147]Phase 31,170 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
Subcutaneous Insulin Glargine Versus NPH Insulin in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Stages III and IV: Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT02451917]Phase 434 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel Group Real World Pragmatic Trial to Assess the Clinical and Health Outcomes of Toujeo Compared to Commercially Available Basal Insulins for Initiation of Therapy in Insulin-naive Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabete [NCT02451137]Phase 43,304 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-16Completed
Comparison of Insulin Isophane (NPH) With Insulin Glargine in New Onset Diabetes After Transplant (NODAT) [NCT01963728]Phase 42 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-27Terminated(stopped due to Blood sugar status of the enrolled subjects wasn't evaluable)
A Randomised, Double Blind, Cross-over Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine, Both With Insulin Aspart as Mealtime Insulin in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes (SWITCH 1) [NCT02034513]Phase 3501 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-05Completed
A 1 Month, Open-Label Inpatient, Randomized Cross-Over Trial Assessing The Impact Of Dry Powder Inhaled Insulin (Exubera) On 24-Hour Glycemic Control Compared To Insulin Glargine (Lantus) In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Are Poorly Controlled [NCT00367445]Phase 430 participants Interventional2006-09-30Completed
Effect of the Administration of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Variability in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drug-naïve [NCT02680457]Phase 412 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
Prevention of Stress Hyperglycemia With the Use of DPP-4 Inhibitors in Non-diabetic Patients Undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery, a Pilot Study [NCT02741687]Phase 480 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-30Completed
Effectiveness of Subcutaneous Glargine On The Time To Closure of The Anion Gap in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Diabetic Keto-acidosis: A Pilot Study [NCT02006342]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-30Completed
Effectiveness and Safety of Once Weekly Insulin Icodec Used With DoseGuide Versus Once Daily Basal Insulin Analogues in an Insulin naïve Type 2 Diabetes Population in a Clinical Practice Setting [NCT04760626]Phase 31,085 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-03-01Completed
[NCT00358124]Phase 4220 participants Interventional2001-01-31Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of LY900014 to Insulin Lispro in Combination With Insulin Glargine or Insulin Degludec in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT03952130]Phase 3354 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-05-29Completed
Comparison of Glycemic Response to Morning Only, Evening Only or Twice Daily Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring [NCT00869414]16 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Terminated(stopped due to PI deceased)
An Open-label, Randomized, Multi-center, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Mylan's Insulin Glargine With Lantus® in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An Extension Study [NCT02666430]Phase 3127 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
A Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Insulin Degludec With Insulin Glargine on Glycaemic Control Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01569841]Phase 324 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
A Randomized, 24-week, Open-label, 2-arm Parallel-group, Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination Versus Insulin Glargine on Top of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients [NCT01476475]Phase 2323 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
The Impact of LY2605541 Versus Insulin Glargine for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Advanced to Multiple Injection Bolus Insulin With Insulin Lispro: a Double-Blind, Randomized, 26-week Study - The IMAGINE 4 Study [NCT01468987]Phase 31,369 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-12-31Completed
User Experience and Daily Use Patterns With the Integrated Insulin Management (IIM) System [NCT04484779]67 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-07-14Completed
The Effect of Treatment With Basal Insulin Peglispro or Insulin Glargine on the Dose Response Effect of Prandial Insulin Lispro in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. [NCT02152384]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Completed
Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University [NCT05553093]Phase 4150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-03-15Recruiting
A Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous NNC0472-0147 in Healthy Subjects and in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT04262661]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-03-02Completed
A Pilot Descriptive Canadian, Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Study of Two Titration Algorithms With Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients [NCT02401243]Phase 3253 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Completed
An Open Therapeutic Observational Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety Profile of Lantus in Everyday Medical Practice in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Who Start Receiving Lantus - Treated With Any Other Insulin, With A1c>7% [NCT00423215]1,007 participants (Actual)Observational2006-03-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once Weekly Versus Insulin Glargine Once Daily as Add on to Metformin With or Without Sulphonylurea in Insulin-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT02128932]Phase 31,089 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-04Completed
A Trial Comparing the Efficacy, Patient-reported Outcomes and Safety of Insulin Degludec 200 U/mL vs Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Requiring High-dose Insulin [NCT01570751]Phase 3145 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
A Single-Site, Single Ascending Dose Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Glucodynamic Effects of LY3192767 in Healthy Subjects [NCT03025009]Phase 157 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-06Completed
Simplification of Diabetes Regimen in Elderly Patients Using Glargine [NCT01480843]Phase 465 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
The Effect of Exenatide Compared to Lantus Insulin on Vascular Function Before and After a Meal Tolerance Test in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00353834]Phase 472 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
An Open-label, Randomized, Multi-center, Parallel Group Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Mylan's Insulin Glargine With Lantus® in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients [NCT02227875]Phase 3560 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-31Completed
Evaluation of the Counter-Regulatory Response to Hypoglycaemia Following LY2605541 Administration Compared to Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01769404]Phase 125 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-28Completed
Assessment of the Effects of LY2605541 on Triglyceride Metabolism, Compared to Insulin Glargine, in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01771250]Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-10-31Completed
Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Function Indexes, Relationships With Clinical and Laboratory Variables in a Group of Diabetic Patients in Treatment With Dulaglutide: a Case-control Study [NCT03824002]Phase 492 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-01Completed
Evaluation of the Effects of Insulin Peglispro (LY2605541) on Respiratory Quotient During Sleep and Response to Hyperinsulinemia Compared With That of Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01925989]Phase 127 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
Efficacy and Safety of FIAsp Compared to Insulin Aspart in Combination With Insulin Glargine and Metformin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT01819129]Phase 3881 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-09Completed
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of LY2963016 and US-Approved Lantus® After Single-Dose Subcutaneous Administration to Healthy Subjects [NCT01688635]Phase 191 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Liraglutide Versus Glargine Insulin for the Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Hospital Discharge [NCT01919489]Phase 4273 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
Reducing the Risk of Metabolic Decompensation in Adolescents With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes by Supervised School Administration of Insulin Degludec [NCT03400501]Early Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-01Completed
Insulin Glargine [rDNA Origin] Injection vs Pioglitazone as add-on Therapy in Patients Failing Monotherapy With Sulfonylurea or Metformin: a Randomized, Open, Parallel Study [NCT00384215]Phase 4352 participants Interventional2001-12-31Completed
Effect of Tight Control of Blood Glucose During Hyper-CVAD Chemotherapy For Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia [NCT00500240]Phase 352 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Terminated(stopped due to Terminated early due to futility.)
A Multiple Dose Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of NNC0123-0000-0338 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT01796366]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-21Completed
A Phase III Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of MK-1293 Compared to Lantus™ in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02059187]Phase 3531 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-11Completed
A Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events [NCT01959529]Phase 37,637 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-10-29Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Arm Study Comparing the Effect of Once-weekly Dulaglutide With Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate or Severe Chronic Kidney Disease [NCT01621178]Phase 3577 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Completed
The Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Intra-subject Variability of LY2605541 and the Effect of Exercise on LY2605541 Pharmacokinetics in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01784211]Phase 176 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-28Completed
A Phase 3, Open Label, Randomized, Parallel, 26 Week Treatment Study Comparing LY2605541 With Insulin Glargine as Basal Insulin Treatment in Combination With Oral Anti Hyperglycemia Medications in Asian Insulin Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01894568]Phase 3388 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Completed
Dapagliflozin Effect in Cognitive Impairment in Stroke Trial [NCT05565976]Phase 2/Phase 3270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-08-01Recruiting
Open Label Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial to Compare Immunogenicity of Insulin Glargine Ezelin vs Lantus in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients [NCT03352674]Phase 2133 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-30Completed
A Phase 3, Parallel-Design, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of LY3209590 as a Weekly Basal Insulin Compared to Insulin Glargine in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes on Multiple Daily Injections [NCT05462756]Phase 3730 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-08-11Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled, 3-arm Parallel-group, 26-week Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide to That of Insulin Glulisine Once Daily and Insulin Glulisine Three Times Daily in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Insufficien [NCT01768559]Phase 3894 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
A Randomized, 24 Week, Active-controlled, Open-label, 3-arm, Parallel-group Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi to Insulin Glargine and Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Insufficiently Controlled With Oral Anti [NCT03798054]Phase 3878 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-15Completed
Prospective Study Aim to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of a Glargine-based Hospital Discharge Algorithm in Cardiac Surgery Patients With Perioperative Hyperglycemia [NCT01792830]Phase 3175 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-31Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of the Addition of MK-3102 to Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Therapy [NCT01755156]Phase 3402 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-11Completed
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of LY2963016 Compared to Lantus® in Healthy Subjects Following Two Single Subcutaneous Doses [NCT01634165]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Completed
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of the Continuation of Sitagliptin Compared With the Withdrawal of Sitagliptin During Initiation and Titration of Insulin Glargine (LANT [NCT02738879]Phase 3746 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-09Completed
Preserving Beta-cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes With Exenatide and Insulin (PREVAIL) [NCT02194595]Phase 3105 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
A Randomized, 24 Weeks, Active-controlled, Open-label, 2-arm Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi to IDegAsp in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Participants Insufficiently Controlled With Oral Antidiabetic Drug(s) [NCT05413369]Phase 3583 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-07-07Completed
6-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine and Lantus® in Insulin-Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Adequately Controlled With Non-Insulin An [NCT01676220]Phase 3878 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Completed
Intensive Glycemic Control For Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing: A Multicenter Randomized Control Study (IN-GLOBE Study) [NCT04323462]Phase 4326 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-01Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing the Effect of the Addition of Dulaglutide 1.5 mg Versus the Addition of Placebo to Titrated Basal Insulin on Glycemic Control in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT04591626]Phase 3291 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-12-07Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, 2-treatment Crossover Study of a New Formulation of Insulin Glargine Comparing to Lantus® on 24-hour Glucose Profile in Japanese Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Treatment With Basal-bolus Insulin [NCT01676233]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
An Individualized treatMent aPproach for oldER patIents: A Randomized, Controlled stUdy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (IMPERIUM) [NCT02072096]Phase 4192 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Terminated(stopped due to The trial was terminated per protocol because of lack of feasibility.)
Study 200977: Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine Versus Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine in the Treatment of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Switch Study [NCT02229227]Phase 3814 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-21Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial on the Safety and Efficacy of Sitagliptin Therapy for the Inpatient Management of General Medicine and Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT01845831]Phase 4292 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-08-31Completed
A Randomised, Double Blind, Cross-over Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine, With or Without OADs in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SWITCH 2) [NCT02030600]Phase 3721 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-06Completed
A 26-Week, Multi-Center, Open-label, Randomized, Parallel-group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Two Treatment Regimens in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy: Basal Insulin Based Treatment (With Prandial O [NCT03359837]Phase 4384 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-20Completed
Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children: Does Early Glargine Prevent Rebound Hyperglycemia? [NCT03107208]Phase 461 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-21Completed
Six-month, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Comparison of the Insulin Analog SAR342434 to Humalog® in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Also Using Insulin Glargine [NCT02294474]Phase 3505 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Completed
A Phase III, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of MK-3102 Compared With the Addition of Glimepiride in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin [NCT01682759]Phase 3751 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-10Completed
A Comparison of LY2605541 Versus Insulin Glargine Alone or in Combination With Pre-study Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Previously Treated With Basal Insulin: An Open-Label, Randomized Study The IMAGINE 5 Stud [NCT01582451]Phase 3466 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
A Phase IV, Open Label, Randomized Trial on the Effect of Metformin Plus Lantus Insulin, Pioglitazone, or DPP4 Inhibitor on Fatty Liver in Patients With Type II Diabetes [NCT02365233]Phase 45 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-05-01Terminated(stopped due to IRB withheld the data due to inadequate supporting documentation)
A Clinical Trial Comparing Long Term Glycaemic Control of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) Versus Insulin Glargine Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02501161]Phase 31,012 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing the Effect of Dulaglutide 1.5 mg With Placebo on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Basal Insulin Glargine [NCT02152371]Phase 3300 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
A Phase III Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of MK-1293 Compared to Lantus™ in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02059161]Phase 3508 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-10-17Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 26-Week Multicenter Study With a 78-Week Extension To Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety Of Ertugliflozin In Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Inadequate Glycemic Control On Metformin Monothe [NCT02033889]Phase 3621 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-13Completed
Restoring Insulin Secretion Pediatric Medication Study [NCT01779375]Phase 391 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-16Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, 2-arm Parallel-group, Multicenter, 26-week Study Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of H0E901-U300 Versus Lantus in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Antidiabetic Regimens Either Including no Insulin, [NCT02320721]Phase 31,014 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Completed
Six-Month, Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-group Comparison of SAR342434 to Humalog® in Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Also Using Insulin Glargine, With a 6-month Safety Extension Period [NCT02273180]Phase 3507 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-31Completed
Feasibility of Once-daily Administered GLP-1 Receptoragonist (Lixisenatide) in Combination With Basal Insulin in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Achieving Therapeutic Targets With Premixed Insulin [NCT02168491]Phase 310 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Completed
A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DUAL™ V - Basal Insulin Switch) [NCT01952145]Phase 3557 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-20Completed
An Open-Label, Randomized, Multi-Center, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Mylan's Insulin Glargine With Lantus® in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients [NCT02227862]Phase 3558 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Completed
A Phase 3 Study of LY2189265 Compared to Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on a Sulfonylurea and/or Biguanide [NCT01584232]Phase 3361 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00000620 (6) [back to overview]First Occurrence of MCE or Revascularization or Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) in Lipid Trial.
NCT00000620 (6) [back to overview]Stroke in the Blood Pressure Trial.
NCT00000620 (6) [back to overview]First Occurrence of Major Cardiovascular Event (MCE) in the Lipid Trial.
NCT00000620 (6) [back to overview]First Occurrence of Major Cardiovascular Event (MCE) in the Blood Pressure Trial.
NCT00000620 (6) [back to overview]First Occurrence of a Major Cardiovascular Event (MCE); Specifically Nonfatal Heart Attack, Nonfatal Stroke, or Cardiovascular Death (Measured Throughout the Study) in the Glycemia Trial.
NCT00000620 (6) [back to overview]Death From Any Cause in the Glycemia Trial.
NCT00069784 (7) [back to overview]Incidence of Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Participants With IGT and/or IFG
NCT00069784 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients With First Occurrence of Any Type of Cancer
NCT00069784 (7) [back to overview]Total Mortality (All Causes)
NCT00069784 (7) [back to overview]Composite Diabetic Microvascular Outcome (Kidney or Eye Disease)
NCT00069784 (7) [back to overview]Composite of the First Occurrence of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Nonfatal Stroke
NCT00069784 (7) [back to overview]Composite of the First Occurrence of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), Nonfatal Stroke, Revascularization Procedure or Hospitalization for Heart Failure (HF)
NCT00069784 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Various Types of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Events
NCT00082381 (7) [back to overview]Change in Rate of Hypoglycemic Events
NCT00082381 (7) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT00082381 (7) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Serum Glucose
NCT00082381 (7) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT00082381 (7) [back to overview]Change in 7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profile
NCT00082381 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Hypoglycemic Events
NCT00082381 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <=7%
NCT00097500 (9) [back to overview]Change in Second Phase C-peptide Release
NCT00097500 (9) [back to overview]Change in First Phase C-peptide Release
NCT00097500 (9) [back to overview]M-value at Baseline, Week 52 and Week 56
NCT00097500 (9) [back to overview]Seven Point Self Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Measurements
NCT00097500 (9) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose
NCT00097500 (9) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT00097500 (9) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT00097500 (9) [back to overview]Beta-cell Function After 52 Weeks of Therapy
NCT00097500 (9) [back to overview]Beta-cell Function 4 Weeks After Cessation of Therapy
NCT00147745 (5) [back to overview]The Acute Effect of Colesevelam (Multiple Doses) on Oral Glucose Absorption From Baseline to 12 Weeks
NCT00147745 (5) [back to overview]Acute Effect of a Single Dose of Colesevelam on Oral Glucose Absorption From Baseline to First Dose
NCT00147745 (5) [back to overview]Change in Hemoglobin A1C Due to Effect of Colesevelam From Baseline to 12 Weeks
NCT00147745 (5) [back to overview]Difference in Endogenous (Hepatic) Glucose Output During a High-dose Insulin Infusion From Baseline to After 12 Weeks of Treatment.
NCT00147745 (5) [back to overview]Difference in Endogenous (Hepatic) Glucose Output During a Low-dose Insulin Infusion From Baseline to Week 12.
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Amputation for Peripheral Vascular Disease Planned After Randomization
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 18
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 12
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 9
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 9
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Summary of Reasons for Deaths
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 6
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 3
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 1
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Stroke
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Revascularization Procedure for Peripheral Vascular Disease Planned After Randomization
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Primary Outcomes Adjusted for Metabolic Control and Major Cardiovascular (CV) Risk Factors
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Myocardial Infarction (MI)
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Hospitalization for Acute Coronary Syndromes (HACS)
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Death From Any Cause or Any One of the Primary Outcomes
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Death From Any Cause
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 1
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 12
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 18
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Cardiovascular (CV) Death
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 6
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced a Primary Combined Outcome
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Coronary Revascularization Procedures
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Coronary Angiography Planned After Randomization
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Congestive Heart Failure
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Any One of the Primary Outcomes Adjusted for Indicators of Metabolic Control
NCT00191282 (27) [back to overview]Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 3
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: Body Weight
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol to Week 24
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: Change in HbA1c From Point of Second Randomization (Addendum Baseline) to Endpoint
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: HbA1c at Specified Visits and Endpoint
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: Incremental Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: Insulin Dose
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < or = 7.0%, HbA1c < 7.0%, and < or = 6.5%
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: Percentage of Participants With Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: Rate of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: 7-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profiles and Postprandial Excursions
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Body Weight
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: HbA1c
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Incremental Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Insulin Dose
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal - Oral Diabetes Medication at Baseline
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - Baseline HbA1c Percentage Group
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - Origin
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - Pre Meals Blood Glucose, Post Meals Blood Glucose, Average of All Blood Glucose, and Fasting Blood Glucose
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < or = 7.0%, HbA1c <7.0%, and HbA1c < or = 6.5% at Endpoint
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Percentage of Participants With Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Rate of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: 7-point SMPG Profiles and Postprandial Excursions
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Body Weight
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: HbA1c at Specified Visits and Endpoint
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Incremental Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Insulin Dose
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Baseline HbA1c Group
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Duration of Diabetes Group
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Mean of Post Meals Blood Glucose and Average of All Blood Glucose
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Oral Diabetes Medicine at Baseline
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Baseline HbA1c Group
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Duration of Diabetes Group
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Mean of Post Meals Blood Glucose and Average of All Blood Glucose
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Oral Diabetes Medicine at Baseline
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < or = 7.0%, HbA1c <7.0, and HbA1c < or = 6.5%
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Percentage of Participants With Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Change From Baseline to Endpoint in HbA1c
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Rate of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: 24-Week Endpoint HbA1c
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: 24-Week Endpoint Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Change From Baseline to Endpoint in 1,5 Anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG)
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 24 Weeks
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - 1,5 AG
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - Age
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - HbA1c
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Duration of Time HbA1c Maintained at Goal by Initiation Regimen (Insulin Glargine or Lispro Low Mix)
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - 1,5 AG
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Baseline HbA1c
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Duration of Diabetes
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - 1,5 AG
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Baseline HbA1c
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Duration of Diabetes
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]MAINTENANCE: Rate of Increase in HbA1c
NCT00279201 (56) [back to overview]ADDENDUM: 7-point SMPG Profiles
NCT00283049 (3) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemia, Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Severe Hypoglycemia and Serious Hypoglycemia
NCT00283049 (3) [back to overview]Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) From Baseline to Week 12
NCT00283049 (3) [back to overview]Occurrences of Hypoglycemia, Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Severe Hypoglycemia, and Serious Hypoglycemia
NCT00309465 (1) [back to overview]Primary: Preoperative Fasting Blood Sugar Upon Arrival at the Hospital Prior to Surgery
NCT00338104 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Glucose Levels > 180 mg/dL
NCT00338104 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Blood Glucose Values Between 80 - 140
NCT00338104 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Glucose Values < 50 mg/dL
NCT00353834 (2) [back to overview]The Primary Endpoint Was the Change in FMD at the End of the Study Compared to Baseline Measurements in Subjects Treated With Exenatide Compared to Subjects Treated With Lantus.
NCT00353834 (2) [back to overview]First Will be the Changes in TNG Stimulated Arterial Dilation (Endothelial-independent) in Subjects Treated With Exenatide Compared With Subjects Treated With Lantus at the End of the Study Compared to Baseline Measurements
NCT00357890 (4) [back to overview]Beta Cell Function
NCT00357890 (4) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c
NCT00357890 (4) [back to overview]Insulin Sensitivity
NCT00357890 (4) [back to overview]Percent Body Fat
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Hypoglycemic Rate Per 30 Days
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Incidence of Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in TC to HDL Cholesterol Ratio
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Waist Circumference
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Apolipoprotein-B
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Serum Glucose
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Serum Total Cholesterol (TC)
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Waist-to-hip Ratio
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Serum Triglycerides
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Incidence of Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Incidence of Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Change in 7 Point Self Monitored Blood Glucose Profile
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Severe Hypoglycemic Rate Per 30 Days
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Percent of Patients Who Achieved HbA1c ≤ 7.4% With Minimal Weight Gain (≤ 1kg)
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Percent of Patients Who Achieved HbA1c ≤ 7.4% and Weight Gain ≤ 0.5kg
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Percent of Patients Achieving HbA1c ≤ 7.4%
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Percent of Patients Achieving HbA1c < 7%
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Percent of Patients Achieving 5% Weight Loss
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Percent of Patients Achieving 10% Weight Loss
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Percent Change in Body Weight
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Percent of Patients Achieving HbA1c < 6.5%
NCT00360334 (28) [back to overview]Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Rate Per 30 Days
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Daily Mean Plasma Glucose
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Patients With Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Value < 7%
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Rate of Nocturnal Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Plasma Glucose < 70mg/dL
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Value
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Rate of Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Rate of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Plasma Glucose < 70mg/dL
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Change in Daily Mean Plasma Glucose
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Value
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Change in Weight
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Daily Dose of Insulin Glargine
NCT00360698 (11) [back to overview]Daily Dose of Insulin Glulisine
NCT00366301 (1) [back to overview]Percentage Reduction in C-reactive Protein (CRP)
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 36 Week Endpoint
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Interval Visits
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]30-Day Adjusted Rates of Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (Including Nocturnal and Non-Nocturnal)
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose Profiles
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Absolute Body Weight at 36 Week Endpoint
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]Endpoint Insulin Dose Per Body Weight; Total, Basal, and Prandial
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]Endpoint Insulin Dose; Total, Basal, and Prandial
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]Number of Insulin Injections Per Day
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients With at Least One Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episode, Including Nocturnal (and Non-nocturnal) Hypoglycemia
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients With at Least One Severe Hypoglycemia Episode
NCT00377858 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Achieved Hemoglobin A1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5%, Greater Than 6.5%, Less Than 7%, Greater Than or Equal to 7%, Less Than or Equal to 7%, and Greater Than 7% at Interval Visits and Endpoint
NCT00384085 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7.0% at Week 60 (Lantus/Apidra-3 Versus Novolog Mix 70/30 - ITT Population With All Sites) (Sensitivity Analysis)
NCT00384085 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7.0% at Week 60 (Lantus/Apidra-3 Versus Novolog Mix 70/30 - Intent To Treat (ITT) Population Without Good Clinical Practices (GCP) Noncompliant Sites)
NCT00384085 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 60 (Lantus/Apidra-1 Versus Novolog Mix 70/30)Per Protocol Population
NCT00384085 (8) [back to overview]Adjusted Incidence Rate of Hypoglycemia
NCT00384085 (8) [back to overview]Adjusted Hypoglycemic Event Rates (Event/Patient-year)
NCT00384085 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <7.0% at Week 60 (Lantus/Apidra-1 Versus Novolog Mix 70/30)
NCT00384085 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <7.0% at Week 60 Without a Severe Hypoglycemic Event or a Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Event With an Self Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) <50 mg/dl
NCT00384085 (8) [back to overview]Absolute Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 60 (Lantus/Apidra-3 Versus Novolog Mix 70/30)
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cardiovascular (CV) Biomarkers - High Sensitive C-reactive Protein (Hs-CRP)
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CV Biomarkers - Interleukin 6 (IL-6)
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CV Biomarkers - Soluble Tissue Factor (STF)
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CV Biomarkers - Thrombin-antithrombin Complexes (Tat-complexes)
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Level
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Number of Events of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Discontinued Due to Insufficient Clinical Response
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With HbA1c < 6.5 %
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With HbA1c < 7.0 %
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Analysis of Home Blood Glucose Monitoring (HBGM) (7 & 8 Point)
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With HbA1c < 8.0 %
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c Prior to Week 26
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) 24-hour Glucose Profile in a Subset of Patients
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With Hypoglycemic Events by Severity
NCT00391027 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving Glycemic Control (HbA1c < 6.5%) at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving Glycemic Control (HbA1c < 7.0%) at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving Glycemic Control (HbA1c < 8.0%) at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Lipids at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting and Postprandial Blood Glucose as Determined by Standardized Meal Tolerance Tests at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 24-Hour Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) Glucose Values at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Number of Total Subject Months of Treatment
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Number of Total Hypoglycemic Events
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With Hypoglycemic Events
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Postprandial Blood Glucose as Measured by 8-Point Profiles at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CV Biomarkers Adiponectin and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 26 for the FAS
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cardiovascular (CV) Biomarkers High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (Hs-CRP), Leptin, and Spot Urine Microalbumin at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Crude Hypoglycemic Event Rate
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 26 for the Per Protocol (PP) Population
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Standard Deviation (SD) of 24-Hour Glucose Values Measured by CGMS at Week 26
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Number of Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events
NCT00418522 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI) at Week 26
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Phase 2: Change in Body Weight at Week 36
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Fasting Serum Lipids Change From Baseline to Week 24
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]The Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <=7% at Week 24 With no Gain in Body Weight From Baseline and no Incidence of Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With no Weight Gain at Week 24
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With a Severe Hypoglycemia Adverse Event
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <=7% at Week 24
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Change in Waist Circumference From Baseline at Week 24
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline at Week 24
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose From Baseline at Week 24
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia Adverse Events
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Phase 2: Change in HbA1c at Week 36
NCT00467649 (12) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline at Week 24
NCT00469092 (6) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Reporting Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
NCT00469092 (6) [back to overview]Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT00469092 (6) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00469092 (6) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Achieving the Treatment Target for Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT00469092 (6) [back to overview]Treatment Satisfaction as Measured by the Diabetes Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (Diab MedSat)
NCT00469092 (6) [back to overview]9-point Self-measured Plasma Glucose Profiles
NCT00469833 (4) [back to overview]C-peptide Concentration in Response to a Glucose Clamp and Oral Glucose Ingestion Before and After 2 Months of Insulin Treatment to Improve Average Glycemia.
NCT00469833 (4) [back to overview]HbA1c Before and After 2 Months of Insulin Treatment to Improve Average Glycemia.
NCT00469833 (4) [back to overview]Insulin Concentration in Response to a Glucose Clamp and Oral Glucose Ingestion Before and After 2 Months of Insulin Treatment to Improve Average Glycemia.
NCT00469833 (4) [back to overview]ISR in Response to a Glucose Clamp and Oral Glucose Ingestion Before and After 2 Months of Insulin Treatment to Improve Average Glycemia.
NCT00500240 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00500240 (3) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00500240 (3) [back to overview]1-Year Overall Survival Rate
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]1-Year Adjusted Rates of Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (Including All, Nocturnal, and Severe) Overall
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (Including All, Nocturnal, and Severe Hypoglycemia) Overall
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose (Units) at Endpoint
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose Per Body Weight (Units/Kilograms) at Endpoint
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With HbAlc Less Than 7.0 Percent and HbAlc Less Than or Equal to 6.5 Percent at Endpoint
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]Change in Absolute Body Weight (kg) From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]Actual and Change From Baseline to 12 Week and 24 Week Endpoint in HbAlc Value
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profile at Endpoint
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]30-Day Adjusted Rates of Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (Including All, Nocturnal, and Severe) Overall
NCT00510952 (11) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability at Endpoint
NCT00511472 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event During the Study
NCT00511472 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event During the Outpatient Treatment Period
NCT00511472 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event - Titration Scheme 2
NCT00511472 (5) [back to overview]24-Hour Weighted Mean Blood Glucose Levels (mg/dL) by Treatment Group on Day 7
NCT00511472 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event - Titration Scheme 1
NCT00548808 (9) [back to overview]Safety: Number of Participants With Serious and Non-Serious Adverse Events
NCT00548808 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <6.5% and <7% Over Time
NCT00548808 (9) [back to overview]Daily Total Insulin Dose Per Body Weight (U/kg/Day) at 16, 32, and 48 Weeks
NCT00548808 (9) [back to overview]Daily Total Insulin Dose (U/Day) at 16, 32, and 48 Weeks
NCT00548808 (9) [back to overview]Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Over Time
NCT00548808 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 48 Week Endpoint in Lipid and Cholesterol Profiles
NCT00548808 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Postprandial Blood Glucose Over Time
NCT00548808 (9) [back to overview]7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose Profiles
NCT00548808 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 48 Week Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Endpoint (LOCF)
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose at Endpoint (LOCF)
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles at Baseline and Endpoint (LOCF)
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]Actual Hemoglobin A1C at 24 Weeks and Endpoint (LOCF)
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) at Endpoint (Last Observation Carried Forward [LOCF])
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1C at 24 Weeks and Endpoint (LOCF)
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hemoglobin A1C Less Than 7.0% and Hemoglobin A1C Less Than or Equal to 6.5%
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability at Baseline and Endpoint (LOCF)
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]Actual Body Weight at Baseline and Endpoint (LOCF)
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]Incidence of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (All, Non-Nocturnal, Nocturnal, and Severe)
NCT00560417 (11) [back to overview]Rate of All, Non-Nocturnal, and Nocturnal Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (Adjusted for One Year)
NCT00574912 (1) [back to overview]Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate
NCT00590044 (4) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose Concentration in mg/dL While on the Insulin Drip Among the 2 Groups
NCT00590044 (4) [back to overview]Difference in Time in Hours to Resolution of DKA Between the 2 Groups
NCT00590044 (4) [back to overview]Mean Daily Blood Glucose Concentration Between the Two Groups After the Resolution of Ketoacidosis and Transition to Subcutaneous Insulin
NCT00590044 (4) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemia Episodes After the Transition Period From Intravenous Insulin to Subcutaneous Insulin Between 2 Treatment Groups
NCT00596687 (2) [back to overview]# Participants With Hypoglycemic Events
NCT00596687 (2) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose Concentration
NCT00609986 (4) [back to overview]Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT00609986 (4) [back to overview]Severe Hyperglycemia
NCT00609986 (4) [back to overview]Delayed Graft Function
NCT00609986 (4) [back to overview]Acute/Active Rejection
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Vital Signs: Pulse
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Vital Signs: Diastolic Blood Pressure (BP)
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Rate of Nocturnal Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Rate of Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Serum Creatinine
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT)
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Vital Signs: Systolic Blood Pressure (BP)
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT)
NCT00611884 (11) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Vital Signs: Pulse
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Vital Signs: Systolic BP (Blood Pressure)
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT)
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT)
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Serum Creatinine
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Rate of Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Rate of Nocturnal Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00612040 (12) [back to overview]Vital Signs: Diastolic BP (Blood Pressure)
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT)
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT)
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Vital Signs: Systolic Blood Pressure (BP)
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Vital Signs: Pulse
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Vital Signs: Diastolic Blood Pressure (BP)
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Serum Creatinine
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Rate of Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Rate of Nocturnal Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT00614055 (12) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT00641056 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <=6.5% at Week 26
NCT00641056 (10) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG) From Baseline to Week 26
NCT00641056 (10) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26
NCT00641056 (10) [back to overview]Change in High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL) From Baseline to Week 26
NCT00641056 (10) [back to overview]Change in Total Cholesterol From Baseline to Week 26
NCT00641056 (10) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight (BW) From Baseline to Week 26
NCT00641056 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <=7.0% at Week 26
NCT00641056 (10) [back to overview]Change in Blood Pressure From Baseline to Week 26
NCT00641056 (10) [back to overview]Ratio of Triglycerides at Week 26 to Baseline
NCT00641056 (10) [back to overview]Assessment on Event Rate of Treatment-emergent Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00659165 (1) [back to overview]Calories Consumed After Fast.
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]Baseline Adjusted Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Endpoint
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]Rate Per 30 Days of All Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose Profiles
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]HbA1c Over Time
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]Mean Daily Total, Basal and Prandial Insulin Dose
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]Mean Postprandial Blood Glucose Values
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]Body Weight Change From Baseline to Endpoint
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Using Each Possible Final Insulin Regimen
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5% and Less Than or Equal to 7% Over Time
NCT00664534 (11) [back to overview]Incidence of All Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose Profiles (SMBG) at Endpoint
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 12 and Week 24
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability at Endpoint
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]Number of Injections of Insulin at Week 24
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE)
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Less Than 7.0% and Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at Endpoint
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]Rate Of All Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Week 24
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to Week 24
NCT00666718 (11) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose at Endpoint
NCT00670228 (4) [back to overview]Occurrence of the Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE)
NCT00670228 (4) [back to overview]Left Ventricular (LV) Function Evaluated by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
NCT00670228 (4) [back to overview]Infarct Size Absolute Change From Baseline at Day 60
NCT00670228 (4) [back to overview]Biomarkers of Inflammation Measurement: CRP (C-Reactive Protein)
NCT00686712 (7) [back to overview]Frequency of Glucose Readings < 130 mg/dL
NCT00686712 (7) [back to overview]Frequency of Total Hypoglycemic Reactions
NCT00686712 (7) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c Change From Baseline
NCT00686712 (7) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose
NCT00686712 (7) [back to overview]Body Mass Index Change From Baseline
NCT00686712 (7) [back to overview]Frequency of Severe Hypoglycemic Reactions
NCT00686712 (7) [back to overview]Any Adverse Event Other Than Hypoglycemia
NCT00687453 (7) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c Change From Baseline
NCT00687453 (7) [back to overview]Frequency of Severe Hypoglycemic Reactions
NCT00687453 (7) [back to overview]Frequency of Pre-supper Glucose Readings 130 mg/dL or Less, Change From Baseline
NCT00687453 (7) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose
NCT00687453 (7) [back to overview]Body Mass Index Change From Baseline
NCT00687453 (7) [back to overview]Frequency of Total Hypoglycemic Reactions
NCT00687453 (7) [back to overview]Any Adverse Event Other Than Hypoglycemia
NCT00694122 (6) [back to overview]Glucagon
NCT00694122 (6) [back to overview]Cortisol
NCT00694122 (6) [back to overview]Blood Glucose Area Under the Curve (AUC)
NCT00694122 (6) [back to overview]Insulin Dose
NCT00694122 (6) [back to overview]Blood Glucose
NCT00694122 (6) [back to overview]Growth Hormone
NCT00700622 (1) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c to Week 16
NCT00751114 (10) [back to overview]Lipid Profile: Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint
NCT00751114 (10) [back to overview]Insulin Dose in the Insulin Glargine Group
NCT00751114 (10) [back to overview]7-point Plasma Glucose Profile: Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint
NCT00751114 (10) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Study Endpoint
NCT00751114 (10) [back to overview]HbA1c: Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint
NCT00751114 (10) [back to overview]Self-monitored Fasting Plasma Glucose (SMFPG) Mean : Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint
NCT00751114 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With at Least One Episode of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT00751114 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With at Least One Episode of Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT00751114 (10) [back to overview]HbA1c Response Rate: Percentage of Patients Who Reach the Target of HbA1c < 6.5% at Study Endpoint
NCT00751114 (10) [back to overview]HbA1c Response Rate: Percentage of Patients Who Reach the Target of HbA1c < 7% at Study Endpoint
NCT00767000 (5) [back to overview]Change in the Fasting Plasma Glucose Level
NCT00767000 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Medication Due to an Adverse Event
NCT00767000 (5) [back to overview]Change in the Two-hour Post Meal Glucose Level
NCT00767000 (5) [back to overview]Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Level
NCT00767000 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 52
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 156
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (BL) in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 52
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved Clinically Meaningful HbA1c Response Levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 156
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 52
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved Clinically Meaningful HbA1c Response Levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 52
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 156
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Albiglutide Plasma Concentrations at Week 8 and Week 24
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Time to Hyperglycemia Rescue
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 156
NCT00838916 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glucose Profile Measured by 24-hour Area Under Curve (AUC) at Week 52
NCT00851903 (7) [back to overview]HbA1c: Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint
NCT00851903 (7) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Study Endpoint
NCT00851903 (7) [back to overview]HbA1c Response Rate: Percentage of Patients Achieving Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7% at Study Endpoint (End of Treatment Period)
NCT00851903 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients With at Least One Episode of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT00851903 (7) [back to overview]Self-Monitored Fasting Plasma Glucose (SMFPG) Mean : Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint
NCT00851903 (7) [back to overview]7-point Plasma Glucose Profile: Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint
NCT00851903 (7) [back to overview]Insulin Dose
NCT00883558 (3) [back to overview]Postprandial Glucose Excursion
NCT00883558 (3) [back to overview]Time Spent With Blood Glucose Value Outside a 71-139 Milligrams Per Deciliter (mg/dL) Range During Continuous Glucose Monitoring
NCT00883558 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hypoglycemic Events
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Glycaemic Control as Measured by Plasma Glucose (9-point Self-measured Profiles)
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Hypoglycaemic Episodes, Nocturnal
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]"Number of Subjects Having the Adverse Event Incorrect Dose Administered"
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Hypoglycaemic Episodes, Diurnal
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Hypoglycemic Episodes, Unclassifiable
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Incidence of Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Trial
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5%
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 7.0%
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c of 6.5% or Less With no Hypoglycaemia
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c of 7% or Less With no Hypoglycaemia
NCT00909480 (14) [back to overview]Within-subject Variation of Self Measured Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Before Breakfast
NCT00911625 (1) [back to overview]Average Blood Glucose Over 6 Days
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Assessment on Event Rate of Treatment-emergent Minor Hypoglycemic Events
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG) From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Change in High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Change in Total Cholesterol From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c<=6.5%
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c<=7%
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Change in Blood Pressure From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Ratio of Fasting Triglycerides at Endpoint (Week 26) to Baseline
NCT00935532 (11) [back to overview]Assessment on Event Rate of Treatment-emergent Major Hypoglycemic Events
NCT00972283 (9) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00972283 (9) [back to overview]Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00972283 (9) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 78
NCT00972283 (9) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00972283 (9) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00972283 (9) [back to overview]Main Trial (Primary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00972283 (9) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 52
NCT00972283 (9) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00972283 (9) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 78 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Average Insulin Glargine Daily Dose at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Average 7-Point Self Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profile at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 2-Hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Absolute Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Symptomatic Hypoglycemia and Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level Less Than 7% at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With at Least 5% Weight Loss From Baseline at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Treatment Satisfaction Score (Sum of Items 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of DTSQ) at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glucose Excursion at Week 24
NCT00975286 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Requiring Rescue Therapy During the Double-blind Period
NCT00976391 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (BL) in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26
NCT00976391 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Weeks 36, 48 and 52
NCT00976391 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Weeks 36, 48 and 52
NCT00976391 (8) [back to overview]Time to Hyperglycemia Rescue
NCT00976391 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 26
NCT00976391 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26
NCT00976391 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved HbA1c Response Level of <6.5% and <7.0% at Week 26
NCT00976391 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Weeks 36, 48 and 52
NCT00979628 (2) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Hypoglycemia Events (Blood Glucose Levels < 70 mg/dL) During Their Hospital Stay That Are Treated With Basal Plus, Basal-bolus and SSRI Treatments
NCT00979628 (2) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose Levels (Measured in mg/dL) at Randomization Are Compared to Mean Blood Glucose Levels After First Day of Treatment Among Subjects Treated With Basal Plus, Basal -Bolus and SSRI Treatments
NCT00982228 (10) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00982228 (10) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00982228 (10) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00982228 (10) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 52
NCT00982228 (10) [back to overview]Main Trial (Primary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00982228 (10) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 104 of Treatment
NCT00982228 (10) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 104 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00982228 (10) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00982228 (10) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00982228 (10) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Cross-reacting Antibodies to Human Insulin
NCT00982644 (9) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00982644 (9) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00982644 (9) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 52
NCT00982644 (9) [back to overview]Main Trial (Primary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00982644 (9) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 104
NCT00982644 (9) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 104 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00982644 (9) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00982644 (9) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00982644 (9) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Reaching HbA1c Target of Less Than 7.5% at the End of Treatment Visit
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Average Daily Blood Glucose (BG) Based on CGMS Values: End of Treatment and Change From Baseline to End of Treatment
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): End of Treatment and Change From Baseline to End of Treatment
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): End of Treatment and Change From Baseline to End of Treatment (ANCOVA Estimates)
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Different Types of Hypoglycemia Events
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]"Event Rate of All Confirmed Low CGMS Excursions (Individual Component of Primary Endpoint) Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years (Events Per Patient-year)"
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]"Event Rate of All Confirmed Low FSBG (Individual Component of the Primary Endpoint) Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years (Events Per Patient-year)"
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]"Event Rate of All Hypoglycemia Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years (Events Per Patient-year)"
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]"Event Rate of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Defined as the Total Number of All Hypoglycemia Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years"
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Blood Glucose Variability Based on All On-treatment CGMS Values
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Event Rate of Nocturnal Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Event Rate of Severe Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Event Rate of Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Event Rate of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Individual Component of Primary Endpoint) Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years (Events Per Patient-year)
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Nocturnal Blood Glucose Variability Based on All On-treatment CGMS Values
NCT00993473 (16) [back to overview]Percent of Blood Glucose (BG) Within the Range of 70 - 180 mg/dL (3.9-10 mmol/L)
NCT01006291 (4) [back to overview]Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01006291 (4) [back to overview]Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01006291 (4) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01006291 (4) [back to overview]Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) at Week 12 Endpoint - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) at Week 12 Endpoint
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics - Drug (LY2605541) Concentration at Steady State (Css) at Week 12 Endpoint
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Did Not Experience a Hypoglycemic Episode During Treatment With HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 12 Endpoint - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Antibody Status Change From Baseline to Week 12 and Week 16
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia From Baseline Through Week 12 - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia From Baseline Through Week 12
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) Level at Week 12 Endpoint as Measured by the 8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 12 Endpoint
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 12 Endpoint - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability in Fasting Blood Glucose at Baseline and Week 12 - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability in Fasting Blood Glucose at Baseline and Week 12
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Daily Basal Insulin Dose at Week 2 and Week 12 - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Daily Basal Insulin Dose at Week 2 and Week 12
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Measures at Week 12 Endpoint - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Measures at Week 12 Endpoint
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemia Per 30 Days From Baseline Through Week 12 - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemia Per 30 Days From Baseline Through Week 12
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and ≤6.5% at Week 12 Endpoint
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and ≤6.5% at Week 12 Endpoint - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms
NCT01027871 (21) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 12 Endpoint Who Did Not Experience a Hypoglycemic Episode During Treatment
NCT01045447 (2) [back to overview]Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)
NCT01045447 (2) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01045707 (6) [back to overview]Main Trial (Primary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01045707 (6) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01045707 (6) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01045707 (6) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01045707 (6) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01045707 (6) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 26
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Daily Basal Insulin Dose at Week 2 and Week 8 Endpoint
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Antibody Status Change From Baseline to Week 8, Week 16 and Week 20
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 8 Endpoint of Period I
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Daily Average Blood Glucose (Avg. BG) at Week 8 Endpoint as Measured by the 8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Daily Average Blood Glucose (Avg. BG) at Week 8 Endpoint as Measured by the 8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) at Week 8 Endpoint
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia Baseline Through Week 8
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics - Drug (LY2605541) Concentration at Steady State (Css) at Week 8 Endpoint
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemia Per 30 Days Baseline Through Week 8
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Measures at Week 8 Endpoint
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 8 Endpoint Who Did Not Experience a Hypoglycemic Episode During Treatment (Period I)
NCT01049412 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 8 Endpoint of Period I
NCT01059799 (4) [back to overview]Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01059799 (4) [back to overview]Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)
NCT01059799 (4) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01059799 (4) [back to overview]Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01068665 (2) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT01068665 (2) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01068678 (2) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01068678 (2) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks in the EuroQol 5 Dimension
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks for Daily Mean Blood Glucose Values From the 8-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks on Electrocardiogram Parameters, Fridericia Corrected QT (QTcF) Interval and PR Interval
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change in Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks on Pulse Rate
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 52 and 78 Weeks in Updated Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta-cell Function (HOMA2-%B) and Updated Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (HOMA2-%S)
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 52 and 78 Weeks in Glucagon Concentration
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52, and 78 Weeks on Blood Pressure
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks on Serum Calcitonin
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks on Pancreatic Enzymes
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks on Electrocardiogram Parameters, Heart Rate
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks for Body Weight
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks for Body Mass Index
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Number of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Events at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Rate of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Events at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Less Than 7% at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks and 78 Weeks Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants Requiring Additional Intervention Due to Hyperglycemia at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With LY2189265 Antibodies at 26, 52, 78 Weeks and 4 Weeks After Last Dose of Study Drug (83 Weeks Maximum)
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adjudicated Pancreatitis at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adjudicated Cardiovascular Events at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks in the Low Blood Sugar Survey
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks in the Impact of Weight on Self-Perception
NCT01075282 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks in the Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living
NCT01076647 (2) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT01076647 (2) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01079234 (6) [back to overview]Main Trial (Primary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01079234 (6) [back to overview]Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) After 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01079234 (6) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01079234 (6) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01079234 (6) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01079234 (6) [back to overview]Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01089569 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glucose Exposure (Area Under the Diurnal Median Curve or AUC)
NCT01089569 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CGM Glucose Variability
NCT01089569 (7) [back to overview]HbA1c Change
NCT01089569 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Weight Changes
NCT01089569 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Incidence of Hypoglycemia (Frequency)
NCT01089569 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Incidence of Hypoglycemia (Degree)
NCT01089569 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glucose Stability (Absolute Hourly Rate of Change in Median Curve)
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Self-Monitored Fasting Plasma Glucose (SMFPG) Measurements: Change From Beginning to the End of the Extension Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Whose Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Has Decreased But Remains ≥7% at the End of the Comparative Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Body Weight: Change From Baseline to the End of the Comparative Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Body Weight: Change From Beginning to End of the Extension Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Daily Dose of Insulin Glargine Administered During the Extension Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Daily Dose of Insulin Glargine
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Self-Monitored 7-point Plasma Glucose (PG) Profile: Change From Beginning to the End of the Extension Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Self-Monitored Fasting Plasma Glucose (SMFPG) Measurements: Change From Baseline to the End of the Comparative Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Whose Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Has Increased at the End of the Comparative Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Daily Dose of Liraglutide
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia Occurence: Number of Patients With at Least One Episode of Symptomatic / Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Comparative Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia Occurence: Number of Patients With at Least One Episode of Symptomatic / Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Extension Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Self-Monitored 7-point Plasma Glucose (PG) Profile: Change From Baseline to the End of the Comparative Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c): Change From Baseline to the End of Comparative Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c): Change From Beginning to the End of the Extension Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Whose Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) <7% at the End of the Comparative Period
NCT01117350 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Whose Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) <7% at the End of the Extension Period
NCT01123980 (7) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycaemic Episodes - Severe and Minor
NCT01123980 (7) [back to overview]9-point Plasma Glucose Profiles
NCT01123980 (7) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01123980 (7) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01123980 (7) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycaemic Episodes - All
NCT01123980 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c Below 7.0%
NCT01123980 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c Below or Equal to 6.5%
NCT01131052 (8) [back to overview]Mean of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (hbA1c)
NCT01131052 (8) [back to overview]Mean of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (hbA1c)
NCT01131052 (8) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With a Mean Blood Glucose Concentration of Less Than 70 mg/dL
NCT01131052 (8) [back to overview]Mean of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (hbA1c)
NCT01131052 (8) [back to overview]Mean of Weekly Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration
NCT01131052 (8) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With a Mean Blood Glucose Concentration of Less Than 40 mg/dL
NCT01131052 (8) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose Concentration
NCT01131052 (8) [back to overview]Mean of Daily Blood Glucose Concentration
NCT01135992 (6) [back to overview]Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01135992 (6) [back to overview]HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)
NCT01135992 (6) [back to overview]Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT01135992 (6) [back to overview]Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01135992 (6) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT01135992 (6) [back to overview]Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01136746 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events Throughout Hospital Study Period
NCT01136746 (5) [back to overview]Number (Incidence) of Hypoglycemia and Severe Hypoglycemia Episodes, Throughout Hospital Study Period
NCT01136746 (5) [back to overview]Mean Plasma Glucose (MPG) by Hospital Day
NCT01136746 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Capillary Plasma Glucose Measurements Within the Range of 71 to 179 mg/dL Throughout the Hospital Study Period
NCT01136746 (5) [back to overview]Mean Plasma Glucose (MPG) Throughout Hospital Study Period
NCT01175811 (10) [back to overview]The Rate of Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT01175811 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemic Episodes (Incidence)
NCT01175811 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing a Severe Hypoglycemic Episode
NCT01175811 (10) [back to overview]Change in Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint
NCT01175811 (10) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint
NCT01175811 (10) [back to overview]Daily Dose of Insulin: Total, Basal, and Prandial
NCT01175811 (10) [back to overview]Change in Body Mass Index (BMI) From Baseline to 12 and 24 Weeks
NCT01175811 (10) [back to overview]The Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Less Than or Equal to 6.5% and Less Than or Equal to 7% at 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks
NCT01175811 (10) [back to overview]The 7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles at Baseline, 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks.
NCT01175811 (10) [back to overview]Daily Dose of Insulin Per Kilogram of Body Weight: Total, Basal and Prandial
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]Perceptions About Medications-Diabetes 21 (PAM-D21) Questionnaire Score at 24 Weeks
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]The Number of Participants With a Hypoglycemic Episodes (Incidence)
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 24 Weeks Endpoint (Per Protocol Population)
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]Change in the HbA1c Concentration From Baseline to 12 Weeks Endpoint
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Score at 24 Weeks
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]The Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 24 Weeks Endpoint (Intention-to-Treat Population)
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]Daily Insulin Dose: Total, Basal, and Prandial at 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]The Rate of Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability From the 7-point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles at 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]7-point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles at 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]Change in the Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration From Baseline to 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]Change in Weight From Baseline to 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks
NCT01175824 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieve a Target HbA1c Concentration of Less Than 7% or Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at 24 Weeks
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]1) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 1 Compared to the Control Group. 2) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 2 Compared to the Control Group.
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]1) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 1 Compared to the Control Group. 2) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 2 Compared to the Control Group.
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]Change in Weight From Baseline
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]HbA1C
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]1) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 1 Compared to the Control Group. 2) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 2 Compared to the Control Group.
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose From Baseline
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Normal Fasting Plasma Glucose
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]Normoglycemia on Therapy
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]Normoglycemia on Therapy
NCT01181674 (12) [back to overview]Normoglycemia on Therapy
NCT01184014 (1) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose of All Readings
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose Overall and by Components (Insulin Lispro and Insulin Glargine)
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Electrocardiogram Parameters, Fridericia Corrected QT (QTcF) Interval and PR Interval
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Body Weight
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Blood Pressure
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Blood Glucose Values From the 8-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profiles
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Body Weight at Baseline, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Blood Pressure at Baseline, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 52-week Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26-week Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Electrocardiogram Parameters, Heart Rate
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Serum Calcitonin
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Pulse Rate
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Pancreatic Enzymes
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adjudicated Cardiovascular Events up to 52 Weeks
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Pancreatic Enzymes at Baseline, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Fasting Serum Glucose
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Self-reported Hypoglycemic Events up to 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events up to 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent LY2189265 Antibodies up to 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Attaining Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Less Than 7% and Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at Weeks 26 and 52
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Number of Events of Adjudicated Pancreatitis up to 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in the Percentage of Participants Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Less Than 7% Without Nocturnal or Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Pulse Rate at Baseline, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Rate of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Events up to 52 Weeks
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Serum Calcitonin at Baseline, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in the EQ-5D
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in the Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS)
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in the Impact of Weight on Self-Perception (IW-SP)
NCT01191268 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in the Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living (IW-ADL)
NCT01194245 (6) [back to overview]Mean Daily Insulin Dose
NCT01194245 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at the End of Each Treatment Period
NCT01194245 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) at the End of Each Treatment Period
NCT01194245 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Meeting Glucose Targets
NCT01194245 (6) [back to overview]Rates of Hypoglycemia at the End of Each Treatment Period
NCT01194245 (6) [back to overview]Mean Daily Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Excursions
NCT01194258 (6) [back to overview]Rates of Hypoglycemia at the End of Each Treatment Period
NCT01194258 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) at the End of Each Treatment Period
NCT01194258 (6) [back to overview]Mean Daily Insulin Dose as Recorded During 10-Point Glucose Monitoring
NCT01194258 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Meeting Glucose Targets at Least 2/3 of the Time
NCT01194258 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at the End of Each Treatment Period
NCT01194258 (6) [back to overview]Mean Daily PPG Excursions
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Reporting Cough Episodes
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Number of Cough Episodes Occuring Within 10 Minutes of Drug Inhalation
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Mild or Moderate Hypoglycemic Event Rate
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c (%) From Baseline to Week 16
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Baseline Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Baseline Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Number of Single Coughing Episodes
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Week 20 (Follow-up) Forced Vital Capacity
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Week 20 (Follow-up) Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Week 20 (Follow-up) Change From Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Week 20 (Follow-up) Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Week 16 Forced Vital Capacity
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Week 16 Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Week 16 Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Week 16 Change From Baseline Forced Vital Capacity
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Total Number of Cough Episodes
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Severe Hypoglycemic Event Rate
NCT01196104 (18) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Reporting Intermittent Coughing Episodes
NCT01203774 (1) [back to overview]HbA1c at Three Months of Each Period of Treatment
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Patient Overall Preference
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Discontinued Investigational Product (IP) During the Crossover Phase
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) <110 mg/dL
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Patient Preference Composite Score
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Discontinued Investigational Product During the Re-randomization Phase
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Change in Lantus Dose Injected Per Day
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Time to First Observation of HbA1c <7%
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Discontinued Investigational Product During the Observational Phase
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Healthcare Professional's (HCP) Recommendation
NCT01226043 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c Goal
NCT01240200 (6) [back to overview]Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: Status (DTSQs) Score
NCT01240200 (6) [back to overview]Fasting Blood Glucose
NCT01240200 (6) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT01240200 (6) [back to overview]Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: Change (DTSQc) Score
NCT01240200 (6) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01240200 (6) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Dosing Errors
NCT01257087 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With a Reduction in the Doses/Number of Diabetes Medications Used Preoperatively
NCT01257087 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Achieve Fasting Blood Glucose of Less Than 5.6 mmol/l and/or HbA1c of Less Than 6%
NCT01257087 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Microvascular Events
NCT01272193 (6) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT01272193 (6) [back to overview]Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01272193 (6) [back to overview]Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01272193 (6) [back to overview]Mean Increment of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at the Main Evening Meal
NCT01272193 (6) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01272193 (6) [back to overview]Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01374178 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)
NCT01374178 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve (AUC)
NCT01374178 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Concentration (Cmax)
NCT01374178 (6) [back to overview]Total Glucose Infused (Gtot)
NCT01374178 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Effects
NCT01374178 (6) [back to overview]Time of Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (tRmax)
NCT01378117 (9) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes Among the 3 Treatment Groups
NCT01378117 (9) [back to overview]Mean Total Daily Dose of Insulin in Units/Day Given During Hospitalization Among the Three Groups
NCT01378117 (9) [back to overview]Number of Deaths Among the Subjects in Different Groups
NCT01378117 (9) [back to overview]Number of Patients With a Mean Daily BG > 240 mg/dL After the 1st Day of Treatment Among the Treatment Groups
NCT01378117 (9) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Hypoglycemic Events Among the Treatment Groups
NCT01378117 (9) [back to overview]Mean Length of Stay in Days in the Hospital Among Different Groups
NCT01378117 (9) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With Acute Renal Failure Among the Three Randomized Groups During Hospitalization
NCT01378117 (9) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose Levels Among the Three Groups at the Time of Hospitalization to 1st Day After Therapy
NCT01378117 (9) [back to overview]Percent of Blood Glucose Readings Within Target Range Between 70 and 140 mg/dL Among the Three Groups After 24 Hrs of Randomized Treatment
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Incidence of Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ)
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Detectable Insulin Antibody Levels
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7 % and HbA1c ≤6.5%
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent Antibody Response (TEAR)
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline up to 24 Weeks in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Insulin Dose Per Body Weight (U/kg) Per Day
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Rate Per 30 Days of Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Insulin Dose (Units)
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Adult Low Blood Sugar Survey (ALBSS)
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin Antibody Levels
NCT01421459 (15) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability of Fasting Blood Glucose
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]European Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D)
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 52 Week Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Adult Low Blood Sugar Survey
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Equal or Above 2- and 3-fold ULN for Alanine Transaminase/Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (ALT/SGPT) and Aspartate Transaminase/Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (AST/SGOT)
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Equal or Above 2-, and 3-fold Upper Limits of Normal (ULN) for Total Bilirubin
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C)
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Insulin Dose Per Body Weight
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]6 Point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG)
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Overall Treatment-Emergent Anti-LY2065541 Antibody Response (TEAR)
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Body Weight
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Intra-participant Variability of the Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Number of Insulin Dose Adjustments to Steady-State
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Fasting Blood Glucose (By Participant Self-monitored Blood Glucose Readings)
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Rate of Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Events
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hemoglobin A1c Equal or Less Than 6.5% and Less Than 7.0 %
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1C Equal or Less Than 6.5% and Less Than 7.0 % and Without Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c
NCT01435616 (20) [back to overview]Fasting Serum Glucose (By Laboratory Measurement)
NCT01462266 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24
NCT01462266 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) at Week 24
NCT01462266 (5) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Achieving Fasting Glucose Target at Any Time During the Study
NCT01462266 (5) [back to overview]Time to Achieve the Fasting Glucose Target
NCT01462266 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Daily Insulin Dose at Week 24
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Total Hypoglycemia Rates (Adjusted for 30 Days)
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Basal, Bolus, and Total Insulin Dose by Weight at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Lipid Profile at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]0300-hour Blood Glucose to FBG Excursion at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Body Weight Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG) From Laboratory at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and ≤6.5% at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) 9-point Profiles at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Rates (Adjusted for 30 Days)
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Change in Anti-LY2605541 Antibodies From Baseline to 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% Without Nocturnal Hypoglycemia at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Episodes
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]HbA1c at 26 Weeks
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Total Hypoglycemia Episodes
NCT01468987 (20) [back to overview]Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) (by SMBG) Intra-participant Variability at 26 Weeks
NCT01476345 (4) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours [AUC(0-24)] of LY2963016 and Lantus
NCT01476345 (4) [back to overview]Total Amount of Glucose Infused (Gtot) Over the Duration of Clamp Procedure
NCT01476345 (4) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of LY2963016 and Lantus
NCT01476345 (4) [back to overview]Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic and Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Change in 30-minute and 1-hour PPG From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Change in Average 7-Point Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profiles From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Change in 2-hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Average Daily Insulin Glargine Dose at Week 24
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy During 24-week Treatment Period
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Change in 30 Minute and 1-hour Plasma Glucose Excursion From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7% With no Body Weight Gain at Week 24
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7% at Week 24 With no Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During 24-week Treatment Period
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Change in FPG From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Change in 2-hour Plasma Glucose Excursion From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01476475 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c ≤6.5 % or <7.0 % at Week 24
NCT01480843 (2) [back to overview]Change in Duration of Hypoglycemia Episodes
NCT01480843 (2) [back to overview]Change in Frequency of Hypoglycemia Episodes From Baseline, 5 Months, 8 Months
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Change in 8-Point SMPG Profiles Per Time Point From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With FPG <5.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL) at Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/or Confirmed Nocturnal Hypoglycemia From Start of Week 9 to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Change in Variability of Preinjection SMPG From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Change in Treatment Satisfaction Score Using The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Change in Daily Basal Insulin Dose From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Change in Average Preinjection Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Month 6 to Month 9
NCT01499082 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (All and Nocturnal) Events From Baseline up to Month 12
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Month 6 to Month 9
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Change in Daily Basal Insulin Dose From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Change in Average Preinjection Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (All and Nocturnal) Events From Baseline to Month 12
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Change in 8-Point SMPG Profiles Per Time Point From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With FPG <5.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL) at Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/or Confirmed Nocturnal Hypoglycemia From Start of Week 9 to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Change in Variability of Preinjection SMPG From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01499095 (12) [back to overview]Change in Treatment Satisfaction Score Using The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01524705 (4) [back to overview]HbA1C Levels
NCT01524705 (4) [back to overview]Coefficient of Variation at 26 Weeks Minus Coefficient of Variation at Baseline
NCT01524705 (4) [back to overview]Weight Change During Trial
NCT01524705 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hypoglycemia
NCT01569841 (6) [back to overview]Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01569841 (6) [back to overview]Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT01569841 (6) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01569841 (6) [back to overview]Mean Interstitial Glucose (IG) Based on 14 Days of CGM
NCT01569841 (6) [back to overview]Average Time Within Glycaemic Target Range (Above 70 mg/dL and Below 130 mg/dL)
NCT01569841 (6) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01570751 (6) [back to overview]Change in FPG From the End of Treatment Period A Until After 4 Weeks of Treatment in Treatment Period B
NCT01570751 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Visit 18) in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) at the End of Each 16 Week Treatment Period
NCT01570751 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Central Laboratory Measured Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at the End of Each 16 Week Treatment Period
NCT01570751 (6) [back to overview]Number of Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01570751 (6) [back to overview]Change in Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Scores From Baseline to the End of Each 16 Week Treatment Period
NCT01570751 (6) [back to overview]Change in PRO Scores From the End of Treatment Period A Until After 4 Weeks of Treatment in Treatment Period B
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) (by Self Monitoring)
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Lipid Profile
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Insulin Dose Per Kilogram of Body Weight
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Rate of Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Events (Adjusted by 30 Days)
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Equal to or Less Than (≤) 6.5% and Less Than (<) 7.0%
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG) (by Laboratory)
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]HbA1c
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants That Have Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Intra-participant Variability in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Score
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and Without Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Adult Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) Score
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26-week Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in HbA1c
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]European Quality of Life - 5 Dimension (EuroQol-5D) Score
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Number of Insulin Dose Adjustments to Steady-state
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Change in Anti-LY2605541 Antibodies
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]6-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG)
NCT01582451 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT01584232 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) at 26 Weeks
NCT01584232 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 26 Weeks
NCT01584232 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT01584232 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) at 26 Weeks
NCT01584232 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) <=6.5% or <7% at 26 Weeks
NCT01584232 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at 26 Weeks
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 57 in Waist Circumference
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 55 in Gastric Emptying Coefficient
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Plasma Glucose Corrected AUC From Time 0.5 Hours to 5.5 Hours
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 56 in PPG Excursion
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 57 in Body Weight
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 55 in Gastric Emptying Half Life (t1/2)
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 57/58 in 24-Hour Mean Heart Rate
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Average Daily Insulin Glargine Dose
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With 2-Hour Post-prandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) <7.77 (mmol/L) at Day 56
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 56 in the Cumulative Score Mean on the Appetite Perception Using a Visual Analogue Scale After Standardized Solid Breakfast
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 57/58 in 24-Hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Average 7-Point Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG)
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Corrected C-Peptide AUC From Time 0.5 Hours to 5.5 Hours
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Corrected Glucagon AUC From Time 0.5 Hours to 5.5 Hours
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 56 in HbA1c
NCT01596504 (17) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Plasma Glucose Corrected Area Under The Plasma Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0.5 Hours to 4.5 Hours
NCT01600950 (4) [back to overview]Total Glucose Infused (Gtot)
NCT01600950 (4) [back to overview]Time of Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (tRmax)
NCT01600950 (4) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamics: Duration of Action of LY2963016 and Lantus
NCT01600950 (4) [back to overview]Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemic Events (HE)
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in FG
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Daily Insulin Lispro Dose
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in sCr
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Serum Creatinine (sCr)
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in UACR
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Events (HE)
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Whose HbA1c is <8.0%
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 8-Point Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG)
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 8-Point SMPG
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eCrCl
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in eGFR
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Estimated Creatinine Clearance (eCrCl)
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Glucose (FG)
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Change in Mean Daily Insulin Lispro Dose
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Whose HbA1c is <7.0%
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Whose HbA1c Was <7.0%
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Whose HbA1c Was <8.0%
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Estimated Average Glucose <154 mg/dL
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Estimated Average Glucose <154 mg/dL
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Participants With Events of Allergic/Hypersensitivity Reactions
NCT01621178 (29) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Events (HE)
NCT01634165 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Serum LY2963016 or Lantus Concentration (Cmax)
NCT01634165 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Serum Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to Last Measured Concentration Value [AUC(0-tlast)] of LY2963016 or Lantus
NCT01634165 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)
NCT01634165 (6) [back to overview]Total Amount of Glucose Infused (Gtot)
NCT01634165 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Serum LY2963016 or Lantus Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) From Zero to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)]
NCT01634165 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Serum Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours [AUC(0-24)] of LY2963016 or Lantus
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change in Body Mass Index
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]EQ-5D Health State Score Responses
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Percentages of Participants Developing Treatment-Emergent Dulaglutide Anti-drug Antibody (ADA)
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Attaining HbA1c of <7% or ≤6.5% at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 26 Weeks
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks on Blood Pressure (BP)
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adjudicated Cardiovascular (CV) Events
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adjudicated Pancreatitis
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks on Pulse Rate
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Number of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c at 52 Weeks
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Electrocardiogram Parameters, Heart Rate (HR)
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Electrocardiogram Parameters, Fridericia Corrected QT (QTcF) Interval and PR Interval
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale Score
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 Steady-state Beta (β)- Cell Function (HOMA2-%B) at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Pancreatic Enzymes
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 Insulin Sensitivity - Cell Function (HOMA2-%S) at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks
NCT01648582 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Serum Calcitonin
NCT01654380 (3) [back to overview]Part B: Glycodynamics: Maximum Rate of Glucose Disposal
NCT01654380 (3) [back to overview]Part B: Glucodynamics: Endogenous Glucose Output
NCT01654380 (3) [back to overview]Part B: Glycodynamics: Glucose Disposal
NCT01658579 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Time Above the Upper Limit of Glycemic Range (Greater Than [>] 7.8 mmol/L [(140 mg/dL])
NCT01658579 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Time Below The Lower Limit of Glycemic Range (<4.4 mmol/L [80 mg/dL])
NCT01658579 (10) [back to overview]Evaluation of Diurnal Glucose Exposure, Variability, and Stability
NCT01658579 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Time in Target Plasma Glucose Range (4.4-7.8 mmol/L [80-140 mg/dL])
NCT01658579 (10) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 8 and 16
NCT01658579 (10) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 8 and 16
NCT01658579 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (All and Nocturnal) Events From Baseline Up to Week 16
NCT01658579 (10) [back to overview]Change in Basal Insulin Daily Dose From Baseline to Week 8 and 16
NCT01658579 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Time in Target Plasma Glucose Range (4.4-7.8 mmol/L [80-140 mg/dL]) in the Last Four Hours of Each Dosing Interval at Weeks 7 and 8 in Period A and Weeks 15 and 16 in Period B
NCT01658579 (10) [back to overview]Change in Average 7-Point Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profile From Baseline to Week 8 and 16
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Change in 24-hour Average 8-point SMPG Profile From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Change in Daily Basal Insulin Dose From Baseline to Month 6
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Change in Preinjection Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Change in Total Treatment Satisfaction Score Using The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Change in Variability of 24 Hour Average 8-point SMPG Profiles From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With FPG <5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) at Month 6
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/or Confirmed Nocturnal Hypoglycemia From Start of Week 9 to Month 6
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (All and Nocturnal) Events From Baseline up to Month 12
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Change in 8-Point SMPG Profiles Per Time Point From Baseline to Month 6
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Variability of Preinjection SMPG at Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01676220 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Month 6
NCT01682759 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event Excluding Data After Glycemic Rescue
NCT01682759 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued From the Study Due to an Adverse Event Excluding Data After Glycemic Rescue
NCT01682759 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving a Hemoglobin A1C of <7.0% at Week 54
NCT01682759 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving a Hemoglobin A1C of <6.5% at Week 54
NCT01682759 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1C at Week 54
NCT01682759 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose at Week 54
NCT01682759 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 54 Excluding Data After Gylcemic Rescue
NCT01682759 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an Adverse Event of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Excluding Data After Glycemic Rescue
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) <5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) At Month 6
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With FPG <7.2 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) at Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Change in Variability of Pre-injection SMPG From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Change in Total Treatment Satisfaction Score Using The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Change In HbA1c From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Change in Daily Average Total Insulin Dose From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (All and Nocturnal) Events From Baseline to Month 12
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Change In Average Pre-Injection Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) From Baseline Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01683266 (12) [back to overview]Change in 8--Point SMPG Profiles Per Time Point From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint
NCT01688635 (4) [back to overview]Total Amount of Glucose Infused (Gtot) Over the Duration of Clamp Procedure
NCT01688635 (4) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of LY2963016 and US-Approved Lantus
NCT01688635 (4) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC) of LY2963016 and US-Approved Lantus
NCT01688635 (4) [back to overview]Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event Which Were Included Under the System Order Class of Investigations (Phase A+B)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event (Phase A+B)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Cumulative Incidence of Participants Requiring Glycemic Rescue Therapy by 24 Weeks (Phase A)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Cumulative Incidence of Participants Requiring Glycemic Rescue Therapy by 104 Weeks (Phase A+B)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PMG Total Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time Curve (AUC) at Week 24 (Phase A)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <7.0% After 24 Weeks of Treatment (Phase A)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 2-hour Post-meal Glucose (PMG) at Week 24 (Phase A)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 104 (Phase A+B)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Insulin at Week 104 (Phase A+B)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (A1C) at Week 24 (Phase A)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Insulin at Week 24 (Phase A)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <7% After 104 Weeks of Treatment (Phase A+B)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <6.5% After 104 Weeks of Treatment (Phase A+B)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Glycemic Rescue Therapy at or Before Week 104 (Phase A+B)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Glycemic Rescue Therapy at or Before Week 24 (Phase A)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event (Phase A+B)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in FPG at Week 104 (Phase A+B)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24 (Phase A)
NCT01755156 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <6.5% After 24 Weeks of Treatment (Phase A)
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Week 26
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Change in Average 7-point SMPG Profiles From Baseline to Week 26
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Change in FPG From Baseline to Week 26
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Change in Glucose Excursions From Baseline to Week 26 (in Participants Who Had an Injection of IMP Before Breakfast)
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Change in Insulin Glargine Dose From Baseline to Week 26
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Change in PPG From Baseline to Week 26 (in Participants Who Had an Injection of Investigational Medicinal Product [IMP] Before Breakfast)
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Insulin Glulisine Dose at Week 26
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Reached the Target of HbA1c <7% at Week 26 and Did Not Experienced Documented (Plasma Glucose <60 mg/dL) Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During 26 Week Treatment Period
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Reached the Target of HbA1c <7%, Had no Weight Gain at Week 26, and Did Not Experience Documented (Plasma Glucose <60 mg/dL) Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During 26-Week Treatment Period
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With no Weight Gain at Week 26
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Total Insulin Dose at Week 26
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic and Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Level <7% and ≤6.5% at Week 26
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26
NCT01768559 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Reached the Target of HbA1c <7% and Had no Weight Gain at Week 26
NCT01769404 (7) [back to overview]Amount of Glucose Required to Reach Blood Glucose (BG) of 72 mg/dL
NCT01769404 (7) [back to overview]Concentration of Cortisol
NCT01769404 (7) [back to overview]Concentration of Epinephrine
NCT01769404 (7) [back to overview]Concentration of Glucagon
NCT01769404 (7) [back to overview]Amount of Glucose Required to Maintain BG of 72 mg/dL
NCT01769404 (7) [back to overview]Concentration of Growth Hormone
NCT01769404 (7) [back to overview]Concentration of Norepinephrine
NCT01771250 (4) [back to overview]VLDL-TG Secretion Rate
NCT01771250 (4) [back to overview]Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Triglyceride (VLDL-TG) Concentrations
NCT01771250 (4) [back to overview]VLDL-TG Clearance Rate
NCT01771250 (4) [back to overview]VLDL-TG Oxidation Rate
NCT01779362 (4) [back to overview]ACPRg
NCT01779362 (4) [back to overview]Insulin Sensitivity, M/I
NCT01779362 (4) [back to overview]ß-cell Function Measured by Hyperglycemic Clamp Techniques at M12
NCT01779362 (4) [back to overview]ß-cell Response Measured by Hyperglycemic Clamp
NCT01779375 (5) [back to overview]Clamp Measure of Insulin Sensitivity
NCT01779375 (5) [back to overview]M/I
NCT01779375 (5) [back to overview]ß-cell Function Measured by Hyperglycemic Clamp Techniques at M12
NCT01779375 (5) [back to overview]ß-cell Response Measured by Hyperglycemic Clamp
NCT01779375 (5) [back to overview]ACPRg
NCT01784211 (5) [back to overview]Part B: Pharmacokinetics: AUCτ of LY2605541 and Insulin Glargine: Exercise Versus Non-Exercise
NCT01784211 (5) [back to overview]Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Drug Concentration (Cmax) of LY2605541 and Insulin Glargine: Intra-Participant Variability
NCT01784211 (5) [back to overview]Part A: Pharmacodynamics: Total Amount of Glucose Infused Over the Duration of the Clamp (Gtot): Intra-Participant Variability
NCT01784211 (5) [back to overview]Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve Over the Dosing Interval (AUCτ) of LY2605541 and Insulin Glargine: Intra-Participant Variability
NCT01784211 (5) [back to overview]Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Cmax of LY2605541 and Insulin Glargine: Exercise Versus Non-Exercise
NCT01792830 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing a Hyperglycemic Event
NCT01792830 (5) [back to overview]Efficacy, Measured by a Change in HbA1c Levels
NCT01792830 (5) [back to overview]The Number of Participants Experiencing a Severe Hypoglycemic Event
NCT01792830 (5) [back to overview]The Number of Participants Experiencing a Hypoglycemic Event
NCT01792830 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Readmitted to the Hospital
NCT01810952 (5) [back to overview]Daily Insulin Dose/Kg Body Weight
NCT01810952 (5) [back to overview]Average Daily Glucose Levels on Days 1-5 After the Initiation of the Treatment Protocol.
NCT01810952 (5) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Average Glucose >70 and <180 mg/dL
NCT01810952 (5) [back to overview]Percent of Glucose Determinations >180 mg/dL
NCT01810952 (5) [back to overview]Glucose Values <70 mg/dL.
NCT01819129 (4) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01819129 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 2-hour PPG Increment (Meal Test)
NCT01819129 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT01819129 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Change in HbA1C
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Mean Percentage of Blood Glucose Readings Greater Than 13.3 mmol/L
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Mean Percentage of Blood Glucose Readings Between 5.6 - 7.8 mmol/L
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Mean Percentage of Blood Glucose Readings Between 3.9 - 7.8 mmol/L
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Length of Hospital Stay
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Acute Renal Failure Rate
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose Concentration After First Day of Treatment
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Hospital Mortality Rate
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With a Hypoglycemic Event
NCT01845831 (11) [back to overview]Mean Percentage of Blood Glucose Readings Between 3.9 - 10.0 mmol/L
NCT01849289 (6) [back to overview]Within-subject Variability as Measured by Coefficient of Variation (CV%) in Pre-breakfast SMPG (Self-measured Plasma Glucose)
NCT01849289 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose) (Analysed by Central Laboratory)
NCT01849289 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c (%) (Analysed by Central Laboratory)
NCT01849289 (6) [back to overview]Number of Severe and Minor Treatment Emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01849289 (6) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent AEs (Adverse Events)
NCT01849289 (6) [back to overview]Responder for HbA1c (Below 7.0%) at End of Trial Without Severe and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events (HE)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline of European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions - 3 Levels (EuroQoL-5D-3L ) Index Score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Health State Score at Week 26
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Concentration of Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) at Week 26
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Weeks in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks in Adult Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) Scores
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Body Weight
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Percent Hemoglobin A1c at Week 26
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Intra-Participant Variability of the Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Detectable Anti-Insulin Peglispro Antibodies at Week 26
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c ≤6.5%
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Insulin Dose Per Kilogram (kg) of Body Weight
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]30-Day Adjusted Rate of Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]9-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Steady-State of Basal Insulin Dose at 26 Weeks (Time to Steady State for Basal Insulin [Stable Maximum Dose])
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Score
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Glycemic Control at Hospital Discharge and 6 Months Follow up
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Fasting and Postprandial Blood Glucose (BG) Concentration After Follow up of 26 Weeks
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Emergency Room Visits and Readmissions
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Change in Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Blood Pressure
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Change in BMI
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Heart Rate
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Total Daily Dose of Insulin
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Self-measured Blood Glucose (SMBG) 7-point Profiles at 26 Weeks Follow up
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]HbA1c <7.0% and no Weight Gain
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Lipid Profile
NCT01919489 (15) [back to overview]Acute Renal Failure
NCT01925989 (6) [back to overview]Change in RQ, Pre-breakfast to Post-breakfast Meal, in T1DM
NCT01925989 (6) [back to overview]Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for T1DM
NCT01925989 (6) [back to overview]Total Number of Minutes of Lipid Oxidation (RQ Below 7.6) in T1DM and Healthy Participants
NCT01925989 (6) [back to overview]Sleep Respiratory Quotient (RQ) of Untreated Healthy Participants
NCT01925989 (6) [back to overview]Sleep Respiratory Quotient (RQ) in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
NCT01925989 (6) [back to overview]Lipid Oxidation in T1DM and Healthy Participants
NCT01952145 (3) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01952145 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT01952145 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)
NCT01959529 (4) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT01959529 (4) [back to overview]Occurrence of at Least One EAC Confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episode Within a Subject (Yes/no)
NCT01959529 (4) [back to overview]Number of EAC-confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT01959529 (4) [back to overview]Time From Randomisation to First Occurrence of a Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE): Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, or Non-fatal Stroke
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Subjects With Wound and Other Infections
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Hospital Mortality
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Length of Hospital Stay
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia <70 mg/dl
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia < 40 mg/dl
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Hyperglycemia
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants Requiring ICU Care During Hospitalization
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Hospital Complications
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Outpatient Mortality
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]HbA1c Level
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Fasting BG Concentration
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Emergency Room Visits
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Differences in Glycemic Control
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Daily Dose of Insulin
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Subjects With Surgical Reinterventions
NCT02004366 (16) [back to overview]Acute Renal Failure During Hospitalization
NCT02006342 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Admitted to the ICU
NCT02006342 (5) [back to overview]Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay
NCT02006342 (5) [back to overview]Time to Anion Gap Closure
NCT02006342 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Developed Hypoglycemia
NCT02006342 (5) [back to overview]Hospital Length of Stay
NCT02030600 (6) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycaemic Episode During the Maintenance Period
NCT02030600 (6) [back to overview]Proportion of Subjects With One or More Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Maintenance Period
NCT02030600 (6) [back to overview]FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose)
NCT02030600 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)
NCT02030600 (6) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Maintenance Period
NCT02030600 (6) [back to overview]Incidence of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <6.5% (48 mmol/Mol) at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <6.5% (48 mmol/Mol) at Week 26 (Logistic Regression Using Multiple Imputation: Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <6.5% (48 mmol/Mol) at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <7% (53 mmol/Mol) at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <7% (53 mmol/Mol) at Week 26 (Logistic Regression Using Multiple Imputation: Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <7% (53 mmol/Mol) at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Time to Glycemic Rescue Therapy at Week 26
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Ertugliflozin Plasma Concentrations (ng/mL): Summary Statistics Over Time (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose at Week 26 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Therapy)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 26 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 26 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Receiving Glycemic Rescue Therapy up to Week 26
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Receiving Glycemic Rescue Therapy up to Week 52
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Receiving Glycemic Rescue Therapy up to Week 104
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing An Adverse Event (AE) (Including Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Discontinuing Study Treatment Due to an AE (Including Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From BMD at Week 104 as Measured by DXA at the Distal Forearm Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker PTH at Week 52 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker PTH at Week 104 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker Procollagen Type I N-terminal Propeptide (P1NP) at Week 26 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) at Week 26 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker P1NP at Week 52 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker P1NP at Week 104 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker CTX at Week 52 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker CTX at Week 104 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker Carboxy-Terminal Cross-Linking Telopeptides of Type I Collagen (CTX) at Week 26 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 52 as Measured by DXA at the Total Hip Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 52 as Measured by DXA at the Lumbar Spine (L1-L4) Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 52 as Measured by DXA at the Femoral Neck Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 52 as Measured by DXA at the Distal Forearm Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 26 as Measured by DXA at the Total Hip Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 26 as Measured by DXA at the Lumbar Spine (L1-L4) Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 26 as Measured by DXA at the Femoral Neck Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 26 as Measured by DXA at the Distal Forearm Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 104 as Measured by DXA at the Total Hip Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 104 as Measured by DXA at the Lumbar Spine (L1-L4) Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 104 as Measured by DXA at the Femoral Neck Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02033889 (49) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 26 (Excluding Rescue Approach)
NCT02034513 (6) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG (Blood Glucose) Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Maintenance Period
NCT02034513 (6) [back to overview]Incidence of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
NCT02034513 (6) [back to overview]FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose)
NCT02034513 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)
NCT02034513 (6) [back to overview]Proportion of Subjects With One or More Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Maintenance Period
NCT02034513 (6) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Maintenance Period
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Average Daily Insulin Glargine Dose at Week 30
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Change in 2-Hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Change in Plasma Glucose Excursion From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Number of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Events Per Subject-Year
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% at Week 30 With No Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (PG ≤ 70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) During 30-Week Treatment Period
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% With No Body Weight Gain at Week 30
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% With No Body Weight Gain at Week 30 and No Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Plasma Glucose [PG] ≤ 70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) During 30-Week Treatment Period
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy During 30-Week Treatment Period
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% or ≤6.5% at Week 30
NCT02058147 (15) [back to overview]Mean Change in 7-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profile From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Change in FPG From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Change in 2-hour PPG From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Change in 2-hour Plasma Blood Glucose Excursion From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Number of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Events Per Subject-Year
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Mean Change in 7-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profile From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Change in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% or ≤6.5% at Week 30
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Change in Daily Insulin Glargine Dose From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Week 30
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy During 30-Week Treatment Period
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% With No Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (PG ≤ 70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) During 30-Week Treatment Period
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% With No Body Weight Gain at Week 30 and No Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Plasma Glucose [PG] ≤ 70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) During 30-Week Treatment Period
NCT02058160 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% With No Body Weight Gain at Week 30
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Negative AIA at Baseline Who Develop Confirmed Positive AIA at Any Time Up Through Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Negative AIA at Baseline Who Develop Confirmed Positive AIA at Any Time Up Through Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Positive AIA Up Through Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Any Confirmed Positive Anti-insulin Antibody (AIA) at Any Time Up Through Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Basal Insulin Dose at Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Develop Insulin Neutralizing Antibodies Up Through Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Develop Insulin Neutralizing Antibodies Up Through Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Basal Insulin Dose at Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Basal Insulin Dose Per kg of Body Weight at Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Basal Insulin Dose Per kg of Body Weight at Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Bolus Insulin Dose at Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Bolus Insulin Dose at Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Bolus Insulin Dose Per kg of Body Weight at Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Bolus Insulin Dose Per kg of Body Weight at Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) at Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in AIA Titer After 24 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in AIA Titer After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 7-point SMBG at Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <7% and <6.5% After 52 Weeks of Treatment.
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in FPG at Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <7% and <6.5% After 24 Weeks of Treatment.
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Total Insulin Dose Per Kilogram (kg) of Body Weight (Unit/kg) at Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Total Insulin Dose Per Kilogram (kg) of Body Weight (Unit/kg) at Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Total Insulin Dose at Week 52
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Total Insulin Dose at Week 24
NCT02059161 (28) [back to overview]Primary: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) at Week 24
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Daily Basal Insulin Dose (Units) at Week 24
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Daily Basal Insulin Dose Per Body Weight (Units/kg) at Week 24
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Participant 7-Point Average of Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) at Week 24
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing an Adverse Event (AE) of Hypoglycemia Up to Week 24
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing an AE Over the 24-week Treatment Period
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Anti-Insulin Antibodies (AIA) up to Week 24
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Participant Body Weight at Week 24
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hemoglobin A1C <6.5% at Week 24
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hemoglobin A1C <7% at Week 24
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Participant Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24
NCT02059187 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Participant Hemoglobin A1C Level at Week 24
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]Mean Fasting Blood Glucose Level
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]Mortality
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemic Events < 40mg/dl
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemic Events < 70mg/dl
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Acute Complications
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]Total Daily Dose of Insulin
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]Total Number of Emergency Room Visits
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]Total Number of Hospital Visits
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]Total Number of Complications
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]HbA1c
NCT02061969 (11) [back to overview]Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury
NCT02072096 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT02072096 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
NCT02072096 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline of Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio
NCT02072096 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving and Maintaining Individualized Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Targets Without Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia
NCT02072096 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Alternative Treatment Due to Glycemic Failure of First Line Injectable Therapy
NCT02072096 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Total Hypoglycemia and Other Categories of Hypoglycemia
NCT02099110 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE): Including Rescue Approach
NCT02099110 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Treatment Due to an AE: Including Rescue Approach
NCT02099110 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 26 - Excluding Rescue Approach
NCT02099110 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 26: Excluding Rescue Approach
NCT02099110 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Static Beta-Cell Sensitivity to Glucose Index at Week 26; Excluding Rescue Approach
NCT02099110 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving a Hemoglobin A1C of <7% (<53 mmol/Mol) (Raw Proportions): Excluding Rescue Approach
NCT02099110 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26: Excluding Rescue Approach
NCT02099110 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 26: Excluding Rescue Approach
NCT02128932 (8) [back to overview]Change in Patient Reported Outcome Questionnaires. (PROs), Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs)
NCT02128932 (8) [back to overview]Change in Systolic Blood Pressure.
NCT02128932 (8) [back to overview]Change in Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Questionnaire, Questionnaire SF-36v2™
NCT02128932 (8) [back to overview]Subjects Who Achieve HbA1c ≤6.5% (48 mmol/Mol), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)
NCT02128932 (8) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline
NCT02128932 (8) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose From Baseline
NCT02128932 (8) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline
NCT02128932 (8) [back to overview]Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure.
NCT02132637 (10) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamics: Three-Hour Postprandial Glucose Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC)
NCT02132637 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia
NCT02132637 (10) [back to overview]Fasting Blood Glucose
NCT02132637 (10) [back to overview]Time to the Nadir Glucose
NCT02132637 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia 12 Hours Post Double Dose
NCT02132637 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia
NCT02132637 (10) [back to overview]Nadir Glucose
NCT02132637 (10) [back to overview]Duration of Glucose ≤70 mg/dL
NCT02132637 (10) [back to overview]Beta Cell Function
NCT02132637 (10) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamics: Three-Hour Postprandial Glucose Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC) Excursion
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Self-Reported Events of Hypoglycemia
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Thyroid Tumors/Neoplasms (Including C-Cell Hyperplasia)
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Investigator Reported and Adjudicated Cardiovascular Events
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Dulaglutide Anti-Drug Antibodies
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adjudicated Acute Pancreatitis Events
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 28 Weeks in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 28 Weeks in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c Target of <7.0% and Without Weight Gain (<0.1 Kilograms [kg]) at 28 Weeks and Without Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Maintenance Period (Weeks 12-28)
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 28 Weeks in Daily Mean Insulin Glargine Dose
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 28 Weeks in Body Weight
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c Target of <7.0% and Without Weight Gain (<0.1 kg)
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c Target of <7.0% at 28 Weeks and Without Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Maintenance Period (Weeks 12-28)
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Discontinuing the Study Due to Severe, Persistent Hyperglycemia
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemic Events up to 28 Weeks
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 28 Weeks in 7-Point Self Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG)
NCT02152371 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c Targets of <7.0% or ≤6.5%
NCT02152384 (7) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve (AUC) for Insulin Lispro During Clamp
NCT02152384 (7) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamics (PD): Area Under the Concentration Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h) for Triglycerides
NCT02152384 (7) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve From Time Zero to Last Time (AUC [0 Tlast]) for Paracetamol
NCT02152384 (7) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Under the Concentration Curve Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h) for Prandial Insulin Lispro
NCT02152384 (7) [back to overview]Appetite and Satiety Ratings, as Measured Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on Day 29
NCT02152384 (7) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamics (PD): Average Glucose Infusion Rate From Euglycemic 2-step Hyperinsulinemic Clamp (M-value)
NCT02152384 (7) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamics (PD): Plasma Glucose Area Under the Concentration Curve Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h), Above Pre Meal Baseline for Insulin Lispro
NCT02168491 (3) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline to End of Study
NCT02168491 (3) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG, Mean Over 2 Weeks)
NCT02168491 (3) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to End
NCT02197520 (5) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve Concentration Curve Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h) for Prandial Insulin Lispro
NCT02197520 (5) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamics (PD): Plasma Glucose Area Under the Concentration Curve Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h), Above Pre Meal Baseline for Insulin Lispro
NCT02197520 (5) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamics (PD): Average Glucose Infusion Rate From Euglycemic 2-step Hyperinsulinemic Clamp (M-value)
NCT02197520 (5) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h) for Acetaminophen
NCT02197520 (5) [back to overview]Appetite and Satiety Ratings, as Measured Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on Day 29
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Change in Cross-reactive Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Mylan's Insulin Glargine Assay Over Time
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Change in Cross-reactive Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Lantus Assay Over Time
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in FPG Over Time
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 8-point SMBG Profile Over Time
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 24 Weeks
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Summary of Actual and Change From Baseline in HbA1c
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia Occurrence
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Change in Total Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Mylan's Insulin Glargine Assay Over Time
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Change in Total Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Lantus Assay Over Time
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Change in Total Daily Insulin Dose Per Unit Body Weight From Baseline Over Time
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Occurrence of Local and Systematic Reactions
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With HbA1c < 7%
NCT02227862 (13) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemic Events Per 30 Days Over Time
NCT02227875 (7) [back to overview]Change in Cross-Reactive Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Lantus Assay Over Time
NCT02227875 (7) [back to overview]Change in Cross-Reactive Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Mylan's Insulin Glargine Assay Over Time
NCT02227875 (7) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia Occurrence
NCT02227875 (7) [back to overview]Change in Total Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Lantus Assay Over Time
NCT02227875 (7) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemic Events Per 30 Days
NCT02227875 (7) [back to overview]Change in Total Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Mylan's Insulin Glargine Assay Over Time
NCT02227875 (7) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 24 Weeks
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Daytime and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Different Number of Erythrocytes in Urine at Week 0 and Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Different Number of Leukocytes in Urine at Week 0 and Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Different Values of Potential of Hydrogen (pH) at Week 0 and Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hematology Values of Clinical Concern
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hypoglycemic Events (in Total and by Each Category as Defined by the American Diabetes Association Criteria)
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With On-therapy Adverse Events (AE) and Serious AE (SAE), and AE Leading to Discontinuation of Randomized Study Medication
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Other AE of Special Interest
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Vital Signs of Clinical Concern
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Events of Hypoglycemia With Confirmed Home Blood Glucose Monitoring and/or Third-party Intervention Through Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Total Daily Basal Insulin (Insulin Glargine) at Week 4, 10, 18, and 26 Visits
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Total Daily Bolus Insulin (Insulin Lispro) at Week 4, 10, 18, and 26 Visits
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose at Week 4, Week 10 and Week 18
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Total Number of Weekly Insulin Injections to Achieve Glycemic Control at Baseline/Randomization and Week 4, 10, 18, and 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% up to Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Mean Albumin at Week 0 and Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving a HbA1c <6.5% at Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% at Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants Treated With Once-weekly Albiglutide That Were Able to Discontinue Insulin Lispro at Week 4 and Did Not Meet Prespecified Criteria for Severe, Persistent Hyperglycemia Through Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Met Prespecified Criteria for Severe, Persistent Hyperglycemia at Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <56 Milligrams Per Deciliter (mg/dL) (<3.1 Millimoles Per Liter [mmol/L]), Regardless of Symptoms
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Severe or Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia at Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Weight Gain and Without Severe or Documented Hypoglycemia at Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Weight Gain at Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Severe or Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Through Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose at Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-c), Triglycerides (TG) and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) at Week 10 and Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Body Weight
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 26 in FPG
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 26 in HbA1c
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Mean Creatinine at Week 0 and Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Mean Specific Gravity at Week 0 and Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Mean Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio at Week 0 and Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving a HbA1c <6.5% up to Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants Meeting Prespecified Criteria for Severe, Persistent Hyperglycemia up to Week 26
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinical Chemistry Values of Clinical Concern
NCT02229227 (40) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Change in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameters
NCT02273180 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypersensitivity Reactions and Injection Site Reactions
NCT02273180 (9) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemia Events (Any Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia and Severe Hypoglycemia) Per Participant-Year
NCT02273180 (9) [back to overview]Change in Post Prandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) Excursion From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02273180 (9) [back to overview]Change in Daily Insulin Dose From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52
NCT02273180 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent Anti-insulin Antibodies (AIAs)
NCT02273180 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% at Week 26
NCT02273180 (9) [back to overview]Change in Mean 24-Hour Plasma Glucose Concentration From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02273180 (9) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02273180 (9) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02294474 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and <=6.5% at Week 26
NCT02294474 (9) [back to overview]Change in Daily Insulin Dose From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02294474 (9) [back to overview]Change in Post Prandial Glucose (PPG) Excursion From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02294474 (9) [back to overview]Change in Mean 24-Hour Plasma Glucose Concentration From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02294474 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypersensitivity Reactions and Injection Site Reactions
NCT02294474 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (Any Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia and Severe Hypoglycemia)
NCT02294474 (9) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02294474 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Anti-insulin Antibodies (AIAs)
NCT02294474 (9) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (Any Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia) During the 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.5% or HbA1c <7% During 26-Week Randomized Period
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.5% or <7.0% at Week 26 and No Severe and/or Confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]) Hypoglycemia During 26-Week Randomized Period
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia (Any Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia) Event Rate Per Participant Year During the 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/ or Confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]) Nocturnal Hypoglycemia (22:00 to 08:59 Hours Next Morning) During 26-Week Randomized Period
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/ or Confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]) Nocturnal Hypoglycemia (00:00 to 05:59 Hours) During 26-Week Randomized Period
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/ or Confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]) Hypoglycemia Occurring at Any Time of the Day During 26-Week Randomized Period
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy Over the 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Change in World Health Organization-5 (WHO-5) Well-Being Questionnaire Percentage Score From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 26
NCT02320721 (12) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia (Any Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia) Event Rate Per Participant Year: By Age Categorical Data During the 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose Levels at Bedtime
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose Levels Before Dinner
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose Levels Before Lunch
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Mean Daily BG Levels
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Mortality
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Number of Blood Glucose Readings Within 100-140 mg/dL Range
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemia Events
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Number of Subjects That Experienced Hospital Complications
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Mean Daily Dose of Insulin
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Average Number of Days of Hospital Stay
NCT02408120 (11) [back to overview]Incidence of Hyperglycemia
NCT02420262 (5) [back to overview]Responder for HbA1c Below or Equal to 6.5 %
NCT02420262 (5) [back to overview]Responder for HbA1c Below 7.0%
NCT02420262 (5) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or Blood Glucose Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes.
NCT02420262 (5) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT02420262 (5) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Requiring Re-intubation Within 24 Hours
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Requiring Re-intubation
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Subject Requiring Surgical Re-Intervention
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Stress Hyperglycemic Events in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Severe Hyperglycemic Events During Continuous Insulin Infusion (CII)
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Infections Not Requiring Hospital Re-admission
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hypoglycemia During Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Stay
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hypoglycemia After Transition From Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hyperglycemia After Transition From Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Emergency Room (ER) Visits
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Hospital Complication Rate
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Total Insulin Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Duration of Continuous Intravenous Insulin (CII)
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Hospital Mortality Rate
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Mortality Rate
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Length of Hospital Stay After Study Randomization
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Length of Stay: Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Mean Amount of Insulin Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants Re-admitted to the Hospital Due to Wound Infections
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose (BG) Concentration After Transition From Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Mean Daily Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Blood Glucose (BG) Concentration
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Mean Units Subcutaneous (SQ) Insulin Required
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Need for Continuous Intravenous Insulin (CII) for Treatment of Hyperglycemia
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With Persistent Hyperglycemia
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Blood Glucose Less Than 40 mg/dl
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants Re-admitted to the Hospital Not Due to Wound Infections
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Requiring the Use of Inotropes for Greater Than 24 Hours
NCT02443402 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Cerebrovascular Events
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Month 6 and Month 12
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Month 6 and Month 12
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Month 6 and Month 12
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching Individualized HbA1c Target Without Documented Symptomatic <=3.9 mmol/L (<= 70 mg/dL) and <3.0 mmol/L (< 54 mg/dL) and/or Severe Hypoglycemia During the 12-Month Randomized Period
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least One Treatment-Emergent Hypoglycemia Event (Any Time of the Day, Nocturnal) Per Type of Hypoglycaemia During the Month 6 and Month 12 on Treatment Period
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hospitalizations, Emergency Rooms and Specialty Visits From Baseline to Month 6 and Month 12
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Scores of Total Treatment Satisfaction, Hyperglycemia Perception, and Hypoglycemia Perception From Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire Change Version (DTSQc) at Month 12
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Scores of Total Treatment Satisfaction, Hyperglycemia Perception, and Hypoglycemia Perception From Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire Status Version (DTSQs) at Baseline, Month 6, Month 12
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Treatment Persistence Measured by Medication Possession Ratio (MPR)
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching Individualized HbA1c Target Without Documented Symptomatic <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL) and/or Severe Hypoglycemia During the 6-Month Randomized Period
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Individualized Glycated Hemoglobin Target Attainment Per Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) Criteria Without Documented Symptomatic(Blood Glucose <=70 mg/dL [<=3.9 mmol/L]) and/or Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]"Percentage of Responders (Participants and Provider) Who Reported Excellent or Good Responses to Global Effectiveness Scale (GES) Question at Month 6, and Month 12"
NCT02451137 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Basal Insulin Dose at Month 6 and Month 12
NCT02451917 (7) [back to overview]Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Calculated by CKD-EPI
NCT02451917 (7) [back to overview]Difference in A1c Levels
NCT02451917 (7) [back to overview]Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT02451917 (7) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose
NCT02451917 (7) [back to overview]Serum Creatinine
NCT02451917 (7) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemic Events
NCT02451917 (7) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability
NCT02453685 (4) [back to overview]HbA1c Below 7.0% Without Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT02453685 (4) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)
NCT02453685 (4) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose
NCT02453685 (4) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes Classified According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the Novo Nordisk Definitions
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Insulin Dose
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Blood Pressure (Systolic and Diastolic)
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Biochemistry Parameters- ALP, ALT, AST, Lipase and Amylase
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Biochemistry Parameter- Sodium, Potassium and Calcium
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Biochemistry Parameter- Creatinine, Total Bilirubin
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Biochemistry Parameter- Albumin
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c ≤6.5%
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c <7.0% Without Weight Gain
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c <7.0% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or Blood Glucose (BG) Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c <7.0%
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c < 7.0% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes and Without Weight Gain
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Eye Examination Category
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]ECG Evaluation
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in TRIM-D
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in SMPG-mean Postprandial Increment Over All Meals
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in SMPG-mean 9-point Profile
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Short Form Health Survey Version 2.0 (SF-36v2™, Acute Version) Health Survey: Scores From the 8 Domains and Summaries of the Physical Component Score (PCS) and the Mental Component Score (MCS)
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Pulse Rate
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Haematological Parameter- Thrombocytes and Leukocytes
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Number of TEAEs During 104 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Number of TEAEs During 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 104 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-emergent Nocturnal Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 104 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-emergent Nocturnal Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 26 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 104 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Haematological Parameter- Neutrophils
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Haematological Parameter- Monocytes
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Haematological Parameter- Lymphocytes
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Haematological Parameter- Haemoglobin
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Haematological Parameter- Haematocrit
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Haematological Parameter- Erythrocytes
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Haematological Parameter- Eosinophils
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Haematological Parameter- Basophils
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c ≤6.5% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes and Without Weight Gain
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c ≤6.5% Without Weight Gain
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]SMPG-9-point Profile (Individual Points in the Profile)
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Time From Randomisation to HbA1c >6.5% at 2 Consecutive Visits
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Time From Randomisation to Inadequate Glycaemic Control and Need for Treatment Intensification
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Fasting HDL-cholesterol
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Free Fatty Acids
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Fasting C-peptide
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Calcitonin
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c ≤6.5% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Human Insulin
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in FPG
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Fasting VLDL-cholesterol
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Triglycerides
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol
NCT02501161 (54) [back to overview]Change in Fasting LDL-cholesterol
NCT02551874 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving a Therapeutic Glycemic Response at Week 24
NCT02551874 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Achieving a Therapeutic Glycemic Response, Without Hypoglycaemia, at Week 24
NCT02551874 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Mean Value of 24-hour Glucose at Week 2
NCT02551874 (6) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 24
NCT02551874 (6) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Total Body Weight at Week 24
NCT02551874 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Confirmed Hypoglycaemia at Week 24
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Total IV Insulin in ICU
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With Hyperglycemia in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With Hyperglycemia (Blood Glucose Greater Than or Equal to 300 mg/dL) in Non-ICU
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Returning to the ER Within 30 Days
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Readmitted to the Hospital
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Severe Hypoglycemic Events in Non-intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Severe Hypoglycemic Events in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Hypoglycemic Events in Non-intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Hyperglycemia in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Patients Requiring Subcutaneous (SQ) Insulin After Discontinuation of Continuous Intravenous Insulin Infusion (CII)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Patients Requiring Continuous Intravenous Insulin Infusion (CII)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Readmission
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Cerebrovascular Events
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Median Number of Days of Subcutaneous (SC) Insulin After Discontinuation of Continuous Intravenous Insulin Infusion (CII)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Mean Post-operative Blood Glucose (BG) Concentration
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Mean Insulin Dose Per Day During Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Recovery
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Mean Blood Glucose (BG) Concentration in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Stay
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Duration of Intubation
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Duration of Continuous Intravenous Insulin Infusion (CII)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Composite of Perioperative Complications
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Amount of Subcutaneous (SC) Insulin Taken in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Amount of Subcutaneous (SC) Insulin in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) 48 Hours
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Hypoglycemic Events in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Persistent Hyperglycemia
NCT02556918 (26) [back to overview]Total Length of Hospital Stay
NCT02561130 (9) [back to overview]Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C)
NCT02561130 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Weight Loss From Baseline
NCT02561130 (9) [back to overview]Change in Waist Circumference From Baseline
NCT02561130 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT02561130 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Non-severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT02561130 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Drug-free HbA1C < 6.0%
NCT02561130 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Drug-free Diabetes Remission in the Experimental Group Compared to the Control Group
NCT02561130 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Drug-free Diabetes Remission
NCT02561130 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Diabetes Relapse Without Overt Hyperglycemia Off Diabetes Drugs
NCT02623998 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes
NCT02623998 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hyperglycemia Relapse in the Experimental Group Compared to the Control Group
NCT02623998 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Drug-free Normal Glucose Tolerance
NCT02623998 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Drug-free Diabetes Remission
NCT02623998 (6) [back to overview]Change in Waist Circumference
NCT02623998 (6) [back to overview]Percent Change in Weight
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Local and Systemic Allergic Reactions
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cross-Reactive Insulin Antibody - Lantus Assay
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Cross-Reactive Insulin Antibody - Mylan Insulin Glargine Assay
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Total Insulin Antibodies - Lantus Assay
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Total Insulin Antibodies - Mylan Insulin Glargine Assay
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline Total Daily Insulin Dose
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) From Baseline
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Hypoglycemic Incidence
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Hypoglycemic Rate
NCT02666430 (11) [back to overview]Overall Average of Self-monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Change From Baseline
NCT02680457 (2) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability: Mean Amplitude of Glucose Excursion (MAGE)
NCT02680457 (2) [back to overview]Glycemic Variability: Area Under the Curve of Glucose
NCT02688933 (8) [back to overview]Coefficient of Variation (CV%) in Mean CGM Glucose
NCT02688933 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Daily Insulin Dose at Week 16
NCT02688933 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Time of Mean Glucose Concentration Within the Target Range of 70-180 mg/dL as Obtained From CGM
NCT02688933 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Time Glucose Concentrations Within the Target Range of 70 to 140 mg/dL During Last 4 Hours of CGM Data Collection Prior to Next Day Basal Insulin Injection
NCT02688933 (8) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Glucose Level During Last 4 Hours of CGM Data Collection Prior to the Next Day Basal Insulin Injection During Week 15 and/or Week 16
NCT02688933 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Time (Min) of Mean Glucose Concentration Within the Target Range of 70 to 180 mg/dL, by End of Study hbA1c Levels During Week 15 and/or Week 16
NCT02688933 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
NCT02688933 (8) [back to overview]Documented Symptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Event Rate Per Participant-Year
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With FPG of <=130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) at Month 6
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Values of <7.5% Without Any Episode of Severe and/or Documented Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose ([SMPG] <54 mg/dL [3.0 mmol/L]) Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Last 3 Months of the Main 6-month Randomized Period
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 24-Hour Mean Plasma Glucose Based on 8-point SMPG Profiles to Month 6
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Any Hyperglycemia With Ketosis at Month 12
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Variability of 24-Hour Mean Plasma Glucose Based on 8-point SMPG Profiles at Month 6
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c to Month 6
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Month 6 in 8-Point SMPG Profile Per Time Point
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least One Hypoglycemic Events (Any Hypoglycemia, Severe Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic, Probable Symptomatic, Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia, Pseudo-hypoglycemia and Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia) at Month 12
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Values of <7.5% at Month 6
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) to Month 6
NCT02735044 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With FPG of <=130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) Without Any Episode of Severe and/or Documented (SMPG <54 mg/dL [3.0 mmol/L]) Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Last 3 Months of the Main 6-month Randomized Period
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 8 Point SMPG Profile to Week 12 and Week 24 Per Time Point
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Total Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) Status at Week 12 and Week 24
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Self-Monitoring Plasma Glucose (SMPG) to Week 12 and Week 24
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) to Week 12 and Week 24
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 24-hour Average 8-point SMPG Profile to Week 12 and Week 24
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With At Least One Hypoglycemic Events (Any, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia: Any Time of the Day) by Study Period
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching Target HbA1c of < 7% and =<6.5% at Week 12 and Week 24
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With At Least One Hypoglycemic Events (Any, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia: Nocturnal) by Study Period
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c to Week 12
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c to Week 24
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring a Rescue Therapy During 24 Weeks Treatment Period
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Sulphonylurea or Meglitinide Dose Reduction/ Discontinuation Due to Hypoglycemia During 24 Weeks Treatment Period
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Basal Insulin Dose (U/kg Body Weight) to Week 12 and Week 24
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 4-point SMPG Profile to Week 12 and Week 24 Per Time Point
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching Target HbA1c <7% and =<6.5% at Week 12 and Week 24 Without Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia (70 mg/dL) Event
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia (Any, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia: Nocturnal ) Event Rate Per Participant Year During Study Period
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Hypoglycemia (Any, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia: Any Time of the Day) Event Rate Per Participant Year During Study Period
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Variability of Fasting SMPG to Week 12 and Week 24
NCT02738151 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Variability of 24-Hour 8-Point SMPG Profiles at Week 12 and Week 24
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Total Daily Insulin Dose (Units) at Week 30
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Event Rate of Documented Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L)
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Event Rate of Documented Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L)
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Event Rate of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L)
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L)
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced One or More Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With A1C Goal <7.0% (<53 mmol/Mol at Week 30 and No Documented Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L) up to Week 30
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With A1C Goal <7.0% (<53 mmol/Mol) at Week 30
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Documented Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L)
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Documented Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L)
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Events of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L)
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Event Rate of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L)
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 30
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 30
NCT02738879 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT02741687 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients Transferred to the ICU Immediately After Surgery or During Hospitalization
NCT02741687 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hypoglycemic Events
NCT02741687 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Complications
NCT02741687 (10) [back to overview]Length of Hospital Stay
NCT02741687 (10) [back to overview]Total Daily Dose of Insulin for Patients Requiring Supplemental Insulin
NCT02741687 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients Requiring Supplemental, Subcutaneous Insulin
NCT02741687 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hospital Readmissions After Discharge
NCT02741687 (10) [back to overview]Number of Days in the ICU
NCT02741687 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Emergency Room Visits After Discharge
NCT02741687 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Stress Hyperglycemia
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c ≤ 6.5%
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c < 7.0% Without Weight Gain
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c < 7.0% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment and Without Weight Gain
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c < 7.0% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Responder (Yes/No) for HbA1c Below 7.0%
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes According to ADA Definition During 26 Weeks
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the 9-point Self-measured Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profile
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in SMPG 9-point Profile: Prandial Plasma Glucose Increments (From Before Meal to 90 Min After Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner). The Mean Increment Over All Meals Will be Derived as the Mean of All Available Meal Increments
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Self-measured Plasma Glucose (SMPG) 9-point Profile: Mean of the 9-point Profile
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) After 26 Weeks: Summary Scores of Treatment Related Impact Measure for Diabetes (TRIM-D)
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) After 26 Weeks: Summary Scores of Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36v2)
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: Very-low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL Cholesterol)
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL Cholesterol)
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL Cholesterol)
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: Free Fatty Acids
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: Cholesterol
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Evaluation After 26 Weeks: Pulse Rate
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Evaluation After 26 Weeks: Eye Examination: Fundoscopy/Fundus Photography
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Evaluation After 26 Weeks: Electrocardiogram (ECG)
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline After 26 Weeks in Waist Circumference
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-emergent Severe or BG (Blood Glucose) Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-emergent Nocturnal Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 26 Weeks
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-emergent Adverse Events
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Insulin Dose, Total Daily Dose (U)
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: Triglycerides
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c ≤ 6.5% Without Weight Gain
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c ≤ 6.5% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment and Without Weight Gain
NCT02773368 (33) [back to overview]Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c ≤ 6.5% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Daily Average of the 7-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) to Week 26: Core Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26: Core Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 2-Hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) During Standardized Meal Test to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 2-Hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) During Standardized Meal Test to Week 26: Core Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 2-Hour Blood Glucose Excursion During Standardized Meal Test to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 2-Hour Blood Glucose Excursion During Standardized Meal Test to Week 26: Core Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7% or <=6.5% at Week 26: Core Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Number of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Events Per Participant-Year: Single Arm Extension Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Number of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Events Per Participant-Year: Core Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy During the 52 Week Treatment Period: Single Arm Extension Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy During the 26 Week Treatment Period: Core Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Daily Average of the 7-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) to Week 26: Core Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) to Week 26: Core Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period
NCT02787551 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7 % or <=6.5% at Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Number of Nocturnal, Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Incidence of TEAEs
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Change in Pre-breakfast SMPG (Used for Titration)
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Change in Postprandial SMPG Increment (From 9-point Profile)
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c (%) - Week 38
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c (%) - Week 26
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Change in FPG
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Total Insulin Dose
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Responder (Yes/No) for HbA1c <7% Without Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemia
NCT02906917 (12) [back to overview]Responder (Yes/No) for HbA1c < 7%
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Number of Days of Hospital Stay
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Mean Daily Glucose in Patients With Admission HbA1c Lower Than 8%
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Mean Daily Glucose in Patients With Admission HbA1c Higher Than 8%
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Mean Daily Blood Glucose Concentration Inpatient
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Mean Daily Glucose in Patients With Length of Stay Shorter Than 5 Days
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Hospital Mortality
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Percent of Subjects With Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Percent of Subjects With Hypoglycemic Events
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Mean Daily Blood Glucose Concentration After Hospital Discharge
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Mean Daily Glucose in Patients With Length of Stay Shorter Than 3 Days
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Mean Daily Glucose in Patients With Length of Stay Longer Than 5 Days
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Percent of Blood Glucose 70-180 Measured by Point of Care Test
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Number Subjects With Cardiac Complications
NCT03013985 (14) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Acute Renal Failure
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With FPG ≤ 7.2 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) at End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks) (Yes/no)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Number of Nocturnal, Severe or BG-confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Maintenance 2 (36 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Number of Nocturnal, Severe or BG-confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Maintenance 2 (36 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Number of Adverse Events From Randomisation to End of Maintenance Period 2 (up to 88 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Number of Severe or BG-confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Maintenance 2 (36 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight From Baseline to End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < 7.0% (53 mmol/Mol) at End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks) and no Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Maintenance 2 (36 Weeks) (Yes/no)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < 7.0% (53 mmol/Mol) at End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks) and no Nocturnal, Severe or BG-confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Maintenance 2 (36 Weeks) (Yes/no)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Basal Insulin Dose (U) at End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With FPG ≤ 5.0 mmol/L (90 mg/dL) at End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks) (Yes/no)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Change in Mean Pre-breakfast Self-measured Plasma Glucose Used for Titration From Baseline to End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)
NCT03078478 (16) [back to overview]Number of Severe or BG-confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Plasma Concentration/Time (AUC0-24) of MK-5160
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Steady State Plasma Concentration (Css) of MK-5160
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Apparent Terminal Half-life
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Day 12 to Day 1 Accumulation Ratio of AUC0-24.
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Day 12 to Day 1 Accumulation Ratio of Cmax
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Maximal Glucose Infusion Rate
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants Discontinuing Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing an Adverse Event (AE)
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Plasma Clearance
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Steady State Plasma Concentration (Css) of Glargine
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Glargine
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of MK-5160
NCT03095651 (14) [back to overview]Plasma Concentration/Time (AUC0-24) of Glargine
NCT03107208 (4) [back to overview]Evaluation of CGM and POC Glucose Monitoring During DKA Treatment in Children.
NCT03107208 (4) [back to overview]Rate of Recurrent Ketogenesis
NCT03107208 (4) [back to overview]Risk of Hypoglycemia Between Those Given Early Administration of Glargine Versus Those Given Standard-of-care Management.
NCT03107208 (4) [back to overview]Rate of Rebound Hyperglycemia
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time to Reach a 50% Decrease In Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (t1/2) Parts 1 and 3
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time to Reach a 50% Decrease In Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (t1/2) Part 4
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time to Reach a 50% Decrease In Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (t1/2) Parts 1 and 3
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time to Reach a 50% Decrease In Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (t1/2) Part 4
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Rate of Plasma Drug Removal (CL/F) MK-1092 Parts 1 and 3
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Rate of Plasma Drug Removal (CL/F) MK-1092 Part 4
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]GIRmax After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (Part 4)
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]GIRmax After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Healthy Adult Participants (Part 1)
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Maximal Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (Cmax) Part 4
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Maximal Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (Cmax) Parts 1 and 3
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Maximal Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (Cmax) Part 4
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Maximal Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (Cmax) Parts 1 and 3
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued the Study Due to an AE
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]GIRmax After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Adult Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) (Part 3)
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Drug Curve From 0 to Infinity (AUC0-inf) MK-1092 Parts 1 and 3
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time-Weighted Average GIR (TWA[GIR]) After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Healthy Adult Participants (Part 1)
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time-Weighted Average GIR (TWA[GIR]) After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Adult Participants With T2DM (Part 4)
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time-Weighted Average GIR (TWA[GIR]) After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Adult Participants With T1DM (Part 3)
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time to Reach Maximum Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (Tmax) Parts 1 and 3
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time to Reach Maximum Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (Tmax) Part 4
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time to Reach Maximum Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (Tmax) Parts 1 and 3
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Time to Reach Maximum Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (Tmax) Part 4
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Drug Curve From 0 to Infinity (AUC0-inf) Insulin Glargine Part 4
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Drug Curve From 0 to Infinity (AUC0-inf) Insulin Glargine Parts 1 and 3
NCT03170544 (26) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Drug Curve From 0 to Infinity (AUC0-inf) MK-1092 Part 4
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With at Least One Hypoglycemic Event: Subgroup Analysis by Prior Use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With at Least One Hypoglycemic Event
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events: Subgroup Analysis by Prior Use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemia Events Per Participant-Year
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypersensitivity Reactions and Injection Site Reactions
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Change in the Mean 24-hour Plasma Glucose Concentration From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Change in Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) Excursion From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Change in Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) From Baseline to Week 26
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Change in Glycated Hemoglobin A1c From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52: Subgroup Analysis by Prior Use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Change in Daily Insulin Dose From Baseline to Day 1, Week 26 and Week 52: Subgroup Analysis by Prior Use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Change in Daily Insulin Dose From Baseline to Day 1, Week 26 and Week 52
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Change in 7-Point SMPG Profiles From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52 Per Time Point
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Induced, Treatment-Boosted and Treatment-Emergent Anti-insulin Aspart Antibodies (AIAs)
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 52
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Induced, Treatment-Boosted and Treatment-Emergent Anti-insulin Aspart Antibodies (AIAs): Subgroup Analysis by Prior Use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Week 26 and Week 52
NCT03211858 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least One Positive Anti-Insulin Aspart Antibodies (AIA) Sample
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Rate of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia at Week 26
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7%
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in ITSQ Lifestyle Flexibility Domain Score at Week 26
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Regimen Inconvenience Domain Score at Week 26
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Efficacy Estimand at Week 26
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 52
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 2-hour PPG Excursion During MMTT Efficacy Estimand at Week 26
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) at Week 26
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 1-hour Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Excursion During Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) Efficacy Estimand at Week 26
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia at Week 26
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin Dose at Week 26
NCT03214367 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 10-Point Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values at Week 26
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 10-Point Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values at Week 26
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin Dose at Week 26
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]2-hour PPG Excursion During MMTT Efficacy Estimand
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) at Week 26
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Efficacy Estimand at Week 26
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Regimen Inconvenience Domain Score at Week 26
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]Rate of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With HbA1c <7%
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in ITSQ Lifestyle Flexibility Domain Score at Week 26
NCT03214380 (11) [back to overview]1-hour Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Excursion During Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) Efficacy Estimand
NCT03260868 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With At Least One Hypoglycemic Events (Any, Severe Documented Symptomatic, Probable Symptomatic, Asymptomatic, Pseudo-hypoglycemia: Any Time of the Day) During 24 Week Treatment Period
NCT03260868 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to Week 24
NCT03260868 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin A1c to Week 16
NCT03260868 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) to Week 16 and Week 24
NCT03285594 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 18
NCT03285594 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT03285594 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 52
NCT03285594 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 18
NCT03285594 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 52
NCT03285594 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 18
NCT03285594 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in SBP at Week 12 for All Participants
NCT03285594 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) for Participants With Baseline SBP ≥130 mmHg at Week 12
NCT03285594 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemic Events
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With an Episode of Severe Hypoglycemia While Hospitalized
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Daily Dose of Insulin in Hospitalized Patients
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in Discharged Patients
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Mean Daily Blood Glucose Concentration in Hospitalized Patients
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Mean Daily Blood Glucose Concentration in Discharged Patients.
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Length of Hospital Stay
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Blood Glucose Point-of-care Test Results Between 70 and 180 mg/dL in Hospitalized Patients
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia Episodes in Discharged Patients
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Episodes of Severe Hyperglycemia in Discharged Patients
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemia Episodes in Discharged Patients
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Acute Kidney Injury in Discharged Patients
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Cardiac Complications During Hospitalization
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Died During Hospitalization
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Acute Kidney Injury During Hospitalization
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With an Episode of Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia While Hospitalized
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With an Episode of Hypoglycemia While Hospitalized
NCT03336528 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With an Episode of Severe Hyperglycemia While Hospitalized
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Rate of Total Symptomatic and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Events (Adjusted by 1 Year)
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ)
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycemic Variability of Fasting Blood Glucose
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Basal Insulin Dose Units Per Day
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Basal Insulin Dose Units Per Day
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Lantus® to LY2963016)
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (LY2963016 to Lantus®)
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Detectable Anti-Glargine Antibodies
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Week 24
NCT03338010 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 24
NCT03350984 (3) [back to overview]Differences in the Mean Daily Blood Glucose Between a Basal-bolus Scheme and NPH Schemes of Insulin.
NCT03350984 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Sustained Glycemic Control During Hospital Stay
NCT03350984 (3) [back to overview]the Number of Participants With Mild and Severe Hypoglycemic Events
NCT03371108 (9) [back to overview]Immunogenicity - Percentage of Subjects With Confirmed Positive AIA After Baseline
NCT03371108 (9) [back to overview]Treatment-induced Anti-Insulin Antibody (TI-AIA) is the Primary Endpoint
NCT03371108 (9) [back to overview]CFB in HbA1c to Week 26
NCT03371108 (9) [back to overview]Immunogenicity - Mean Change From Baseline in Each Treatment Group in AIA Titers After Baseline
NCT03371108 (9) [back to overview]Immunogenicity - Percentage of Subjects in Each Treatment Group With Confirmed Positive AIA at Baseline Who Developed at Least a 4-fold Increase in Titers After Baseline
NCT03371108 (9) [back to overview]Immunogenicity - Percentage of Subjects in Each Treatment Group With Negative AIA at Baseline Who Develop Confirmed Positive AIA After Baseline
NCT03371108 (9) [back to overview]Immunogenicity - Percentage of Subjects With Confirmed Positive AIA After Baseline Who Develop Any Anti-insulin Neutralizing Antibodies After Baseline
NCT03371108 (9) [back to overview]Efficacy - HbA1c Control
NCT03371108 (9) [back to overview]Efficacy - Postbaseline FBG Control
NCT03434119 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26
NCT03434119 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c Target of <7% at Week 26
NCT03434119 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemic Events (Any Hypoglycemia, Severe Hypoglycemia, Documented Hypoglycemia) During the On-Treatment Period
NCT03434119 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26
NCT03434119 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Daily Insulin Glargine Dose at Week 26
NCT03555305 (4) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamics (PD): Total Amount of Glucose Infused (Gtot)
NCT03555305 (4) [back to overview]PK: Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours (AUC[0-24]) of Insulin Glargine and Lantus
NCT03555305 (4) [back to overview]PD: Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)
NCT03555305 (4) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Insulin Glargine and Lantus
NCT03660553 (3) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT03660553 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Any Hypoglycemia
NCT03660553 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]Continuous Glucose Monitoring - Time in Range (70-180 mg/dl)
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]Continuous Glucose Monitoring - Time in Range (70-140 mg/dl)
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]CGM Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]CGM % Time 70-180 mg/dl
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]CGM % Time >180 mg/dl
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]CGM - Coefficient of Variation (CV)
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]CGM % Time <70 mg/dl
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]Liverpool Jet-Lag Questionnaire
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]Sleep Quantity Measured by ActiGraph
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]Sleep Efficiency Measured by ActiGraph
NCT03668808 (11) [back to overview]Mean ± SD CGM Glucose (mg/dl)
NCT03670641 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With A1C of <6.5% After CGM-guided Insulin Therapy Intervention
NCT03670641 (6) [back to overview]Percent Time Glucose Values Remain in Range While Wearing CGM During Insulin Intervention
NCT03670641 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Glucose Values <55 mg/dL During 4 Week of Insulin and CGM Intervention
NCT03670641 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Euglycemic Glucose Targets Within a 4 Week Period
NCT03670641 (6) [back to overview]See if Diabetes Distress is Affected With Intervention Via Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) - 5 Questionnaire Scale
NCT03670641 (6) [back to overview]Change in Baseline A1C and A1C Measured at 3 Month Intervals up to 12 Months
NCT03687827 (6) [back to overview]Level of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) - Percentage
NCT03687827 (6) [back to overview]Level of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) - mmol/Mol
NCT03687827 (6) [back to overview]Time Spent in Tight Glycaemic Target Range 70-140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) Both Inclusive, Using Flash Glucose Monitoring
NCT03687827 (6) [back to overview]Time Spent in Nocturnal Glycaemic Target Range 70-140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) Both Inclusive, in the Nocturnal Period (00:01 am - 05:59 am Both Inclusive) Using Flash Glucose Monitoring
NCT03687827 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Time Spent in Glycaemic Target Range 70-180 mg/dL (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) Both Inclusive, Using Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM)
NCT03687827 (6) [back to overview]Mean Glucose Levels Using Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM)
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Body Weight (Kilogram (kg))
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Body Weight (Percentage): Ratio to Baseline
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Fasting Blood Lipids: High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol (Ratio to Baseline)
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Fasting Blood Lipids: Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol (Ratio to Baseline)
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Fasting Blood Lipids: Total Cholesterol (Ratio to Baseline)
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Number of Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe (ADA) or Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Plasma Glucose < 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL)) From Randomization to Week 52
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Total Daily Insulin Dose at Week 52
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Number of Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (ADA) From Randomization to Week 52
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Number of Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (ADA) Requiring Hospitalization, Documented Medical Help, or is Life-threatening From Randomization to Week 52
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Time to First Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episode (ADA) Requiring Hospitalization, Documented Medical Help, or is Life-threatening Randomization up to Week 52
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire (DQLCTQ-R): Scores From the 8 Domains
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in 36-item Short Form Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36v2): Total Summary Scores (Physical Component and Mental Component) and Scores From the 8 Domains
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Waist Circumference
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Daily Basal Insulin Dose at Week 52
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Number of Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe (ADA) or Blood Glucose (BG) Confirmed, Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Plasma Glucose Less Than (<) 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL)) From Randomization to Week 52
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Number of Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe (ADA) or Blood Glucose Confirmed, Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Plasma Glucose <= 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL)) From Randomization to Week 52
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Time to First Event Adjudication Committee (EAC)-Confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episode American Diabetes Association (ADA) From Randomization up to Week 52
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Fasting Blood Lipids: Triglycerides (Ratio to Baseline)
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in 7-point Self-measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG ): Mean 7-point Profile (7-PP)
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in 7-point Self-measured Plasma Glucose Profile: Mean Post-prandial Increment (Over All Meals)
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT03689374 (25) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Pulse Rate
NCT03730662 (8) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <54 Milligram/Deciliter (mg/dL) [<3.0 (Millimole/Liter (mmol/L))] or Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT03730662 (8) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Steady State Area Under the Concentration Time Curve From Zero to Tau (AUC 0-Tau) of Tirzepatide
NCT03730662 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c of <7.0%
NCT03730662 (8) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Daily Average 7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values
NCT03730662 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (10 mg and 15 mg)
NCT03730662 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c (5 mg)
NCT03730662 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT03730662 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Serum Glucose
NCT03740919 (10) [back to overview]Rate of Documented Post-dose Hypoglycemic Events Within 1 and 2 Hours After the Prandial Dose
NCT03740919 (10) [back to overview]Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT03740919 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Documented Hypoglycemic Events
NCT03740919 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Documented Post-dose Hypoglycemic Events Within 1 and 2 Hours After the Prandial Dose
NCT03740919 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values at Week 26
NCT03740919 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Efficacy Estimand at Week 26
NCT03740919 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < 7.0% and <7.5%
NCT03740919 (10) [back to overview]Rate of Documented Hypoglycemia Events
NCT03740919 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin Dose at Week 26
NCT03740919 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Postprandial) at Week 26
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Fasting C-peptide
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Fluctuations of the 9-point Profile (Defined as the Integrated Absolute Distance From the Mean Profile Value Divided by Measurement Time).
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Change in Cross-reactive Anti-human Insulin Antibody Status (Positive/Negative)
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]9-point Profile (Individual SMPG Values)
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (<3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter) or Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycaemic Alert Episodes (Level 1) (≥3.0 and <3.9 mmol/L (≥54 and <70 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter)
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Change in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) [Percentage Point (%-Point)]
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c [Millimoles/Mole (mmol/Mol)]
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Change in Anti-insulin 287 Antibody Titres
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Weekly Dose of Insulin 287 and Weekly Dose of Insulin Glargine
NCT03751657 (15) [back to overview]Change in Mean of the 9-point Profile, Defined as the Area Under the Profile Divided by Measurement Time
NCT03874715 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)
NCT03874715 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With at Least One Hypoglycemic Event
NCT03874715 (8) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemic Events Per Participant-year
NCT03874715 (8) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Insulin Aspart Following Administration of Either SAR341402 (Switching Arm) or NovoLog (Non-switching Arm)
NCT03874715 (8) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Insulin Aspart Following Administration of Either SAR341402 (Switching Arm) or NovoLog (Non-switching Arm)
NCT03874715 (8) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time Zero to Last Measurable Timepoint (AUClast) of Insulin Aspart Following Administration of Either SAR341402 (Switching Arm) or NovoLog (Non-switching Arm)
NCT03874715 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Anti-Insulin Aspart Antibodies (AIAs)
NCT03874715 (8) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) of Insulin Aspart Following Administration of Either SAR341402 (Switching Arm) or NovoLog (Non-switching Arm)
NCT03922750 (9) [back to overview]Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (Below 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter) or Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)
NCT03922750 (9) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycaemic Alert Episodes(Level 1) (Greater Than or Equal to 3.0 and Below 3.9 mmol/L (Greater Than or Equal to 54 and Below 70 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter)
NCT03922750 (9) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT03922750 (9) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
NCT03922750 (9) [back to overview]Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)
NCT03922750 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Time in Target Range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70-180 Milligrams Per Deciliter (mg/dL)) Measured Using CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring)
NCT03922750 (9) [back to overview]Weekly Insulin Dose
NCT03922750 (9) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT03922750 (9) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
NCT03951805 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Time in Target Range (TIR) 3.9-10.0 Millimoles Per Liter (mmol/L) (70-180 Milligrams Per Deciliter (mg/dL) Measured Using CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring)
NCT03951805 (9) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
NCT03951805 (9) [back to overview]Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)
NCT03951805 (9) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycaemic Alert Episodes (Level 1) (Greater Than or Equal to 3.0 and Below 3.9 mmol/L (Greater Than or Equal to 54 and Below 70 mg/dL), Confirmed by Blood Glucose (BG) Meter)
NCT03951805 (9) [back to overview]Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (Below 3.0 mmol/L (54 Milligrams Per Deciliter [mg/dL]), Confirmed by Blood Glucose (BG) Meter) or Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)
NCT03951805 (9) [back to overview]Change in HbA1c (Glycated Haemoglobin)
NCT03951805 (9) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT03951805 (9) [back to overview]Weekly Insulin Dose
NCT03951805 (9) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT03952130 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT03952130 (9) [back to overview]2-hour PPG Excursion During MMTT
NCT03952130 (9) [back to overview]1-hour Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Excursion During Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT)
NCT03952130 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 10-Point Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values
NCT03952130 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)
NCT03952130 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Daily Insulin Dose
NCT03952130 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% and ≤6.5%
NCT03952130 (9) [back to overview]Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT03952130 (9) [back to overview]Rate of Documented Symptomatic Post Meal Hypoglycemia
NCT03952143 (9) [back to overview]1-hour Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Excursion During Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT)
NCT03952143 (9) [back to overview]2-hour PPG Excursion During MMTT
NCT03952143 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)
NCT03952143 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT03952143 (9) [back to overview]Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT03952143 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 10-Point Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values
NCT03952143 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin Dose
NCT03952143 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% and ≤6.5%
NCT03952143 (9) [back to overview]Rate of Documented Symptomatic Postmeal Hypoglycemia
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Glucose Total Coefficient of Variation (CV%)
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 12
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 12
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Time of Glucose Concentration Within the Target Range of Greater Than or Equal to (>=) 70 to Less Than or Equal to (<=) 180 Milligrams Per Deciliter: Non-inferiority Analysis
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Time With Glucose Level <70 Milligrams Per Deciliter (All Time and During the Night)
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With at Least One Hypoglycemic Event During the On-treatment Period
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Number of Hypoglycemic Events Per Participant Year During the On-treatment Period
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Mean Hours Per Day With Glucose Level <70 Milligrams Per Deciliter (All Time and During the Night)
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Glucose Within-day CV% and Between-day CV%
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Time With Glucose Level >180 Milligrams Per Deciliter
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Time of Glucose Concentration Within the Target Range of >=70 to <=180 Milligrams Per Deciliter: Superiority Analysis
NCT04075513 (12) [back to overview]Mean Hours Per Day With Glucose Level >180 Milligrams Per Deciliter
NCT04093752 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Weight Loss ≥5%
NCT04093752 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving an HbA1c Target Value of <7.0%
NCT04093752 (10) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in HbA1c (5 mg)
NCT04093752 (10) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (10 mg and 15 mg)
NCT04093752 (10) [back to overview]Mean Change in Daily Glucose Average From Baseline in 7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values
NCT04093752 (10) [back to overview]Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction as Measured by the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, Change Version (DTSQc) Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia and Treatment Satisfaction Score
NCT04093752 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving an HbA1c Target Value of <5.7%
NCT04093752 (10) [back to overview]Rate of Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose < 54 mg/dL or Severe Hypoglycemia
NCT04093752 (10) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Serum Glucose
NCT04093752 (10) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT04591626 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT04591626 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0%
NCT04591626 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% With no Weight Gain (<0.1 kg) and Without Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Blood Glucose <3.0 mmol/L)
NCT04591626 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Weight Gain (<0.1 kg)
NCT04591626 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Blood Glucose <3.0 mmol/L)
NCT04591626 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)
NCT04591626 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Blood Glucose From Daily Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profile
NCT04591626 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT04591626 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Daily Mean Insulin Glargine Doses
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) - Glycemic Control Domain Score at Week 12
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Daily Insulin Dose at Week 12
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Bolus/Total Insulin Dose Percentage at Week 12
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Percentage of Time With CGM Sensor Glucose Value >250 mg/dL (>13.9 mmol/L) During Daytime and 24-hour Period at Week 12
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% and ≤6.5%
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 12
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Percentage of Time With CGM Sensor Glucose Values Between 70-180 mg/dL (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) (Both Inclusive) During the 24-hour Period at Week 12
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Percentage of Time With Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Sensor Glucose Values Between 70-180 Milligrams/Deciliter (mg/dL) (3.9-10.0 Millimoles/Liter [mmol/L]) (Both Inclusive) During Daytime Period at Week 12
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Percentage of Time With CGM Sensor Glucose Values <54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L) During Daytime and 24-hour Periods at Week 12
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Percentage of Time With CGM Sensor Glucose Values >180 mg/dL (>10.0 mmol/L) During Daytime and 24-hour Period at Week 12
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Postprandial Incremental Area Under the Glucose Curve (iAUC) 0-1 Hour at Week 12
NCT04605991 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Postprandial Incremental Area Under the Glucose Curve (iAUC) 0-2 Hour at Week 12
NCT04834362 (4) [back to overview]Length of Hospital Stay
NCT04834362 (4) [back to overview]Mortality
NCT04834362 (4) [back to overview]Total Daily Dose of Insulin
NCT04834362 (4) [back to overview]Glycemic Control

First Occurrence of MCE or Revascularization or Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) in Lipid Trial.

Time to first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, cardiovascular death, revascularization procedure or hospitalization for CHF in Lipid Trial participants. (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.7 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lipid Trial: Fenofibrate641
Lipid Trial: Placebo667

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Stroke in the Blood Pressure Trial.

Time to first occurrence of nonfatal or fatal stroke among participants in the BP Trial. (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.7 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
BP Trial: Intensive Control36
BP Trial: Standard Control62

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First Occurrence of Major Cardiovascular Event (MCE) in the Lipid Trial.

Time to first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death in Lipid Trial participants. (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.7 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lipid Trial: Fenofibrate291
Lipid Trial: Placebo310

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First Occurrence of Major Cardiovascular Event (MCE) in the Blood Pressure Trial.

Time to first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. Primary outcome for Blood Pressure Trial. (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.7 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
BP Trial: Intensive Control208
BP Trial: Standard Control237

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First Occurrence of a Major Cardiovascular Event (MCE); Specifically Nonfatal Heart Attack, Nonfatal Stroke, or Cardiovascular Death (Measured Throughout the Study) in the Glycemia Trial.

"Time to first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. This was the primary outcome measure in all three trials: Glycemia (all participants), Blood Pressure (subgroup of participants not in Lipid Trial), and Lipid (subgroup of participants not in Blood Pressure Trial).~In the Glycemia Trial, a finding of higher mortality in the intensive arm group led to an early discontinuation of therapy after a mean of 3.5 years of follow-up. Intensive arm participants were transitioned to standard arm strategy over a period of 0.2 year and followed for an additional 1.2 years to the planned end of the Glycemia Trial while participating in one of the other sub-trials (BP or Lipid) to their planned completion." (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.9 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Glycemia Trial: Intensive Control503
Glycemia Trial: Standard Control543

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Death From Any Cause in the Glycemia Trial.

"Time to death from any cause. Secondary measure for Glycemia Trial.~A finding of higher mortality in the intensive-therapy group led to an early discontinuation of therapy after a mean of 3.5 years of follow-up. Intensive arm participants were transitioned to standard arm strategy over a period of 0.2 year and followed for an additional 1.2 years to the planned end of the Glycemia Trial while participating in one of the other sub-trials (BP or Lipid)." (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.9 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Glycemia Trial: Intensive Control391
Glycemia Trial: Standard Control327

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Incidence of Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Participants With IGT and/or IFG

The incidence was determined by calculating the proportion of randomized participants without diabetes at randomization who either developed diabetes during the study or who were classified as having possible diabetes based on results of two oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) performed after the last follow-up visit (within 21-28 days for OGTT#1 and within 10-14 weeks for OGTT#2). (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until the last follow-up visit or last OGTT (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Insulin Glargine24.7
Standard Care31.2

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Number of Patients With First Occurrence of Any Type of Cancer

Data on cancers that occurred in association with hospitalizations were collected systematically in both groups from the start of the study. All reported cancers occurring during the trial (new or recurrent) were adjudicated by the Event Adjudication Committee. (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until study cut-off date (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Insulin Glargine559
Standard Care561

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Total Mortality (All Causes)

Number of deaths due to any cause (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until study cut-off date (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Insulin Glargine951
Standard Care965

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Composite Diabetic Microvascular Outcome (Kidney or Eye Disease)

"The composite outcome used to analyze microvascular disease progression contained components of clinical events:~the occurrence of laser surgery or vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy (DR);~the development of blindness due to DR;~the occurrence of renal death or renal replacement therapy; as well as the following laboratory-based events:~doubling of serum creatinine; or~progression of albuminuria (from none to microalbuminuria [at least 30 mg/g creatinine], to macroalbuminuria [at least 300 mg/g creatinine])." (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until study cut-off date (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Participants with a composite endpointEndpoint's composition: vitrectomyEndpoint's composition: laser therapy for DREndpoint's composition: dialysisEndpoint's composition: renal transplantEndpoint's composition: serum creatinine doubledEndpoint's composition: death due to renal failureEndpoint's composition: albuminuria progression
Insulin Glargine132324571808241153
Standard Care136325672808831171

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Composite of the First Occurrence of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Nonfatal Stroke

"Number of participants with a first occurrence of one of the above events.~The outcome's evaluation is based on the number of such positively-adjudicated first events occurring for patients assigned to the study groups. Assessments of the above events were reviewed by the Event Adjudication Committee who was kept blinded to the group assignment of participants.~Statistical analysis is performed on the time from randomization to the first occurrence of the events. Number of participants with a composite endpoint (i.e. with first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal MI or nonfatal stroke) is provided in the first row of the statistical table." (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until study cut-off date (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Participants with a composite endpointEndpoint's composition: CV deathEndpoint's composition: nonfatal MIEndpoint's composition: nonfatal stroke
Insulin Glargine1041484297261
Standard Care1013476282256

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Composite of the First Occurrence of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), Nonfatal Stroke, Revascularization Procedure or Hospitalization for Heart Failure (HF)

"Number of participants with a first occurrence of one of the above events (revascularization procedures included coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) i.e. balloon, PTCA with stent, other percutaneous intervention, carotid angioplasty with/without stent, carotid endarterectomy, peripheral angioplasty with or without stent, peripheral vascular surgery, and limb amputation due to vascular disease).~The outcome's evaluation is based on the number of such positively-adjudicated first events occurring for patients assigned to the study groups. Assessments of the above events were reviewed by the Event Adjudication Committee who was kept blinded to the group assignment of participants.~Statistical analysis is performed on the time from randomization to the first occurrence of the events. Number of participants with a composite endpoint (i.e. with first occurrence of the events) is provided in the first row of the statistical table." (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until study cut-off date (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Participants with a composite endpointEndpoint's composition: CV deathEndpoint's composition: nonfatal MIEndpoint's composition: nonfatal strokeEndpoint's composition: revascularizationEndpoint's composition: hospitalization for HF
Insulin Glargine1792350257231763249
Standard Care1727339238227717259

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Number of Patients With Various Types of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Events

"Symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia, based on data recorded in the participant's diary. These were further categorized as confirmed (ie, with a concomitant home glucose reading ≤54 mg/dL [≤3.0 mmol/L]) or unconfirmed.~Severe hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia in which the participant required the assistance of another person, and one of the following:~the event was associated with a documented self-measured or laboratory plasma glucose level ≤36 mg/dL (≤2.0 mmol/L), or~the event was associated with prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration." (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: on-treatment period (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Patients with hypoglycemia eventsPatients with non-severe hypoglycemiaPatients with confirmed non-severe hypoglycemiaPatients with severe hypoglycemia
Insulin Glargine359735332581352
Standard Care16241582904113

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Change in Rate of Hypoglycemic Events

Change in rate of hypoglycemic events per 30 days per patient from baseline to week 26 (NCT00082381)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 26

,
Interventionevents per 30 days per patient (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline event rateChange in event rate at week 26
Exenatide Arm0.090.23
Insulin Glargine Arm0.110.29

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Change in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26 (NCT00082381)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 26

,
Interventionpercentage (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline HbA1cChange in HbA1c at week 26
Exenatide Arm8.13-1.00
Insulin Glargine Arm8.19-1.05

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Change in Fasting Serum Glucose

Change in fasting serum glucose from baseline to week 26 (NCT00082381)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 26

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline fasting serum glucoseChange in fasting serum glucose at week 26
Exenatide Arm10.27-1.22
Insulin Glargine Arm10.46-2.86

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Change in Body Weight

Change in body weight from baseline to week 26 (NCT00082381)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 26

,
Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline body weightChange in body weight at week 26
Exenatide Arm88.42-2.32
Insulin Glargine Arm89.251.75

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Change in 7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profile

Change in 7-point (pre-breakfast, 2 hour post breakfast, pre-lunch, 2 hour post lunch, pre-dinner, 2 hour post dinner, 0300 hours) SMBG profile from baseline to week 26 (NCT00082381)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 26

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Pre-breakfast: Baseline SMBGPre-breakfast: Change in SMBG at week 262hr post breatfast: Baseline SMBG2hr post breakfast: Change in SMBG at week 26Pre-lunch: Baseline SMBGPre-lunch: Change in SMBG at week 262hr post lunch: Baseline SMBG2hr post lunch: Change in SMBG at week 26Pre-dinner: Baseline SMBGPre-dinner: Change in SMBG at week 262hr post dinner: Baseline SMBG2hr post dinner: Change in SMBG at week 263:00 AM: Baseline SMBG3:00 AM: Change in SMBG at week 26
Exenatide Arm9.47-1.2512.51-3.779.61-1.5011.15-1.689.46-1.1511.17-3.069.02-1.05
Insulin Glargine Arm9.50-2.5612.36-2.869.47-1.9310.96-1.699.35-1.7211.49-1.659.36-1.97

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Percentage of Patients With Hypoglycemic Events

Percentage of patients who experienced at least one episode of hypoglycemia at any point during the 26 week Parent Study (incidence of hypoglycemia = number of patients who experienced at least one episode of hypoglycemia at any point during the 26 week Parent Study divided by the total number of patients who participated in the 26 week Parent Study (NCT00082381)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Exenatide Arm55.32
Insulin Glargine Arm59.93

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Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <=7%

Percentage of patients in each arm who had HbA1c >7% at baseline and had HbA1c <=7% at week 26 (percentage = [number of subjects with HbA1c <=7% at week 26 divided by number of subjects with HbA1c >7% at baseline] * 100%). (NCT00082381)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Exenatide Arm46.43
Insulin Glargine Arm48.03

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Change in Second Phase C-peptide Release

Ratio of second phase C-peptide response to glucose at 52 weeks (end of on-drug period) and 56 weeks (during off-drug period) compared to second phase C-peptide response to glucose at baseline (i.e., C-peptide response to glucose at week 52 or week 56 divided by C-peptide response to glucose at baseline [week -2]). C-peptide is measured as a surrogate marker of insulin secretion. Second phase C-peptide/insulin release is measured from time=10 minutes to time=80 minutes of glucose infusion during a hyperglycemic clamp procedure. (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: baseline (-2 weeks), 52 weeks, and 56 weeks

,
Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
52 weeks56 weeks
Exenatide Arm2.881.00
Insulin Glargine Arm1.011.08

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Change in First Phase C-peptide Release

Ratio of first phase C-peptide response to glucose at 52 weeks (end of on-drug period) and 56 weeks (during off-drug period) compared to first phase C-peptide response to glucose at baseline (i.e., C-peptide response to glucose at week 52 or week 56 divided by C-peptide response to glucose at baseline [week -2]). C-peptide is measured as a surrogate marker of insulin secretion. First phase C-peptide/insulin release is measured during the first ten minutes of glucose infusion during a hyperglycemic clamp procedure. (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: baseline (week -2), 52 weeks, and 56 weeks

,
Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
52 weeks56 weeks
Exenatide Arm1.720.95
Insulin Glargine Arm1.131.06

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M-value at Baseline, Week 52 and Week 56

M-value at baseline (week -2), week 52 (end of on-drug period), and week 56 (during off-drug period). Insulin sensitivity was assessed during the euglycemic/hyperglycemic clamp test at baseline (week -2), week 52, and week 56. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake (M-value) was calculated as the mean glucose requirement during the 90-120 minute interval of the clamp. (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: baseline (week -2), 52 weeks, and 56 weeks

,
Interventionmg/min/kg (Mean)
baseline (week -2)week 52week 56
Exenatide Arm2.243.183.19
Insulin Glargine Arm2.793.852.81

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Seven Point Self Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Measurements

SMBG measured at 7 time points (before and after breakfast, before and after lunch, before and after dinner, at bedtime). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: 0 weeks and 52 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Pre-breakfast measurement (week 0)Pre-breakfast measurement (week 52)2-hour post-breakfast measurement (week 0)2-hour post-breakfast measurement (week 52)Pre-lunch measurement (week 0)Pre-lunch measurement (week 52)2-hour post-lunch measurement (week 0)2-hour post-lunch measurement (week 52)Pre-dinner measurement (week 0)Pre-dinner measurement (week 52)2-hour post-dinner measurement (week 0)2-hour post-dinner measurement (week 52)Bedtime measurement (week 0)Bedtime measurement (week 52)
Exenatide Arm8.927.2711.006.988.146.529.907.978.387.5310.426.989.767.61
Insulin Glargine Arm8.385.6311.177.538.546.2410.528.158.076.9810.268.819.858.03

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose

Change in fasting plasma glucose from week 0 to week 52 (i.e., fasting plasma glucose at week 52 minus fasting plasma glucose at week 0). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: 0 weeks and 52 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Arm-1.53
Insulin Glargine Arm-3.10

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Change in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change in HbA1c from week 0 to week 52 (i.e., HbA1c at week 52 minus HbA1c at week 0). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: Week 0 and week 52

Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Arm-0.97
Insulin Glargine Arm-0.87

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Change in Body Weight

Change in body weight from week 0 to week 52 (i.e., body weight at week 52 minus body weight at week 0). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: 0 weeks and 52 weeks

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Arm-3.80
Insulin Glargine Arm0.75

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Beta-cell Function After 52 Weeks of Therapy

Treatment effect on beta-cell function as measured by the ratio of Week 52 arginine-stimulated insulin secretion during a hyperglycemic clamp(specifically, the incremental AUC of insulin with respect to basal value over a 10 min period [i.e., clamp time 290 min to 300 min]) to that at baseline (i.e., the ratio is calculated as arginine-stimulated insulin secretion at week 52 divided by arginine-stimulated insulin secretion at baseline [week -2]). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: Baseline (week -2) and 52 weeks

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Arm2.89
Insulin Glargine Arm1.15

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Beta-cell Function 4 Weeks After Cessation of Therapy

Treatment effect on beta-cell function as measured by the ratio of Week 56 arginine-stimulated insulin secretion during a hyperglycemic clamp(specifically, the incremental AUC of insulin with respect to basal value over a 10 min period [i.e., clamp time 290 min to 300 min]) to that at baseline (i.e., the ratio is calculated as arginine-stimulated insulin secretion at week 56 divided by arginine-stimulated insulin secretion at baseline [week -2]). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: Baseline (week -2) and 56 weeks

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Arm1.02
Insulin Glargine Arm1.08

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The Acute Effect of Colesevelam (Multiple Doses) on Oral Glucose Absorption From Baseline to 12 Weeks

The parameter measured is the change in area under the curve for glucose(AUCg) after an oral glucose tolerance test. A decrease in AUCg indicative of drug effect on glucose absorption. (NCT00147745)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks

Interventionmg*hr/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Colesevelam 3.8g-49.1
Colesevelam Matching Placebo-4.7
Open-label Insulin Glargine-59.3

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Acute Effect of a Single Dose of Colesevelam on Oral Glucose Absorption From Baseline to First Dose

Change in area under the curve for glucose (AUCg) after a glucose tolerance test. A decrease in AUCg is indicative of a drug effect. (NCT00147745)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -4) to first dose (Day 1)

Interventionmg*hr/dL (Mean)
Colesevelam 3.8g-38.4

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Change in Hemoglobin A1C Due to Effect of Colesevelam From Baseline to 12 Weeks

The parameter measured is the percent of hemoglobin A that is glycosylated. A decrease in this parameter is indicative of improved glucose control. (NCT00147745)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks

Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
Colesevelam 3.8g-0.29
Colesevelam Matching Placebo0.16
Open-label Insulin Glargine-0.81

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Difference in Endogenous (Hepatic) Glucose Output During a High-dose Insulin Infusion From Baseline to After 12 Weeks of Treatment.

The parameter measured is the endogenous (hepatic) glucose output during a high-dose insulin infusion. A decrease after treatment with colesevelam is indicative of greater sensitivity of the liver to insulin. (NCT00147745)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks

Interventionmg/kg/min (Least Squares Mean)
Colesevelam 3.8g-0.06
Colesevelam Matching Placebo-0.011
Open-label Insulin Glargine-0.01

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Difference in Endogenous (Hepatic) Glucose Output During a Low-dose Insulin Infusion From Baseline to Week 12.

The parameter measured is the endogenous (hepatic) glucose output during a low-dose insulin infusion. A decrease is indicative of greater senstitivity of the liver to insulin. (NCT00147745)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks

Interventionmg/kg/min (Least Squares Mean)
Colesevelam 3.8g-0.08
Colesevelam Matching Placebo-0.16
Open-label Insulin Glargine-0.04

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Amputation for Peripheral Vascular Disease Planned After Randomization

(NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until amputation (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial9
Fasting8

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Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 18

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 8 (Month 18)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial143
Fasting129

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Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 12

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 7 (Month 12)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial146
Fasting130

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Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 9

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 6 (Month 9)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial155
Fasting138

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Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 9

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 6 (Month 9)

,
Interventionepisodes of hypoglycemia (Number)
Number of Episodes
Fasting569
Postprandial747

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Summary of Reasons for Deaths

(NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) to death (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Fatal MIFatal StrokeCV Death other than Stroke/MINon-CV DeathUnknown
Fasting1222881
Postprandial1232970

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Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 6

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 5 (Month 6)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial163
Fasting145

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Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 3

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 4 (Month 3)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial160
Fasting139

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Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 1

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 3 (Month 1)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial124
Fasting119

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Stroke

Occurrence of stroke (fatal, nonfatal, any). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until stroke (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial20
Fasting17

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Revascularization Procedure for Peripheral Vascular Disease Planned After Randomization

(NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until revascularization procedure (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial11
Fasting12

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Primary Outcomes Adjusted for Metabolic Control and Major Cardiovascular (CV) Risk Factors

Primary outcomes adjusted for major cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (blood pressure, cholesterol [total, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL)], triglycerides, smoking, albuminuria, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until occurrence of primary outcome (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial174
Fasting181

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) (fatal, nonfatal, any). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until myocardial infarction (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial63
Fasting63

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Hospitalization for Acute Coronary Syndromes (HACS)

(NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until HACS (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial58
Fasting54

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Death From Any Cause or Any One of the Primary Outcomes

Primary outcomes in this study consisted of: cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes (HACS), and coronary revascularization procedure planned after randomization. (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until death from any cause or one of the primary outcomes (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial178
Fasting189

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Death From Any Cause

(NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until death from any cause (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial51
Fasting51

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Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 1

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 3 (Month 1)

Interventionepisodes of hypoglycemia (Number)
Postprandial353
Fasting302

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Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 12

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 7 (Month 12)

Interventionepisodes of hypoglycemia (Number)
Postprandial710
Fasting486

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Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 18

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 8 (Month 18)

Interventionepisodes of hypoglycemia (Number)
Postprandial945
Fasting669

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Cardiovascular (CV) Death

(NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until cardiovascular death (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial44
Fasting42

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Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 6

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 5 (Month 6)

Interventionepisodes of hypoglycemia (Number)
Postprandial770
Fasting576

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Number of Participants Who Experienced a Primary Combined Outcome

The combined study outcomes consisted of cardiovascular (CV) death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes (HACS), and coronary revascularization procedures planned after randomization. (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until first occurrence of primary combined outcome (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial174
Fasting181

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Coronary Revascularization Procedures

Occurrence of all coronary revascularization procedures (angioplasty or coronary artery by-pass surgery) planned after randomization. (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until coronary revascularization procedures (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial84
Fasting94

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Coronary Angiography Planned After Randomization

(NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until coronary angiography (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial75
Fasting86

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Congestive Heart Failure

Occurrence of congestive heart failure (newly diagnosed after Visit 2). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until congestive heart failure (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial33
Fasting37

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Any One of the Primary Outcomes Adjusted for Indicators of Metabolic Control

Indicators of metabolic control included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose concentrations. (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Randomization (Day 0) until occurrence of primary outcome (18 month initial treatment period, extended treatment follow-up period up to 5.5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Postprandial174
Fasting181

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Number of Episodes of Self-Reported Hypoglycemia Reported by Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemia During Month 3

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a patient feels, or another person observes, that the patient is experiencing a sign/symptom which he/she would associate with hypoglycemia (for example, tremors, headache, sweating, disorientation, weakness, etc) or a blood glucose measurement less than 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL). (NCT00191282)
Timeframe: Visit 4 (Month 3)

Interventionepisodes of hypoglycemia (Number)
Postprandial567
Fasting524

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ADDENDUM: Body Weight

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Addendum Week 24), Weeks 6 (30 weeks), 12 (36 weeks), 24 (48 weeks), Endpoint (LOCF)

,,,
Interventionkilograms (Mean)
Baseline (n=170,173,198,200)Week 6 (n=162,163,184,193)Week 12 (n=151,158,174,187)Week 24 (n=145,151,164,176)Endpoint (n=164,170,192,198)
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum89.2589.6689.6289.8090.09
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro LM Addendum91.8591.5391.5991.9292.40
Lispro Low Mix Prior Glargine Addendum90.0989.8591.1991.2291.45
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum93.6393.7194.6094.1894.09

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ADDENDUM: Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol to Week 24

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (addendum: 24 weeks), Endpoint (24 weeks: Week 48)

,,,
Interventionug/mL (Mean)
Baseline (n=166,172,197,199)Endpoint (n=142,150,165,171)Change (n=142,150,165,171)
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum7.318.430.90
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro LM Addendum7.848.180.26
Lispro Low Mix Prior Glargine Addendum7.378.140.53
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum7.777.73-0.18

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ADDENDUM: Change in HbA1c From Point of Second Randomization (Addendum Baseline) to Endpoint

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Addendum: Week 24), Endpoint (24 weeks [Week 48])

,,,
Interventionpercent (Mean)
Baseline (n=174,200,171,199)Endpoint (n=160,187,159,176)
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum7.980.18
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum8.000.19
Lispro LM Prior Glargine Addendum8.030.04
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum8.010.19

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ADDENDUM: HbA1c at Specified Visits and Endpoint

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Addendum: 24 weeks), Weeks 12, 24, Endpoint (24 weeks: Week 48)

,,,
Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Baseline (n=174,200,171,199)Week 12 (n=150,175,151,161)Week 24 (n=145,171,144,159)Endpoint (n=160, 187,159,176)
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum7.988.198.148.14
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum8.008.138.198.16
Lispro LM Prior Glargine Addendum8.038.078.058.03
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum8.018.118.198.19

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ADDENDUM: Incremental Change From Baseline in Body Weight

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Addendum: Week 24), Weeks 6 (30 Weeks), 12 (36 Weeks), 24 (48 Weeks), Endpoint (LOCF)

,,,
Interventionkilograms (Mean)
Baseline (n=170,173,198,200)Week 6 change (n=161,162,183,193)Week 12 change (n=150,158,173,187)Week 24 change (n=144,151,163,176)Endpoint change (n=163,169,191,198)
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum89.250.320.271.030.86
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro LM Addendum91.850.380.430.770.85
Lispro Low Mix Prior Glargine Addendum90.090.640.831.511.42
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum93.630.280.540.730.55

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ADDENDUM: Insulin Dose

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Addendum: Week 24), Weeks 1 (25 weeks), 2 (26 weeks), 3 (27 weeks), 4 (28 weeks), 5 (25 weeks), 6 (26 weeks), 8 (32 weeks), 10 (34 weeks), 12 (36 weeks), 24 (48 weeks), Endpoint (LOCF)

,,,
Interventionunits/kg/day (Mean)
Baseline (n=171,174,199,200)Week 1 (n=152,158,183,183)Week 2 (n=147,159,180,187)Week 3 (n=149,158,179,184)Week 4 (n=145,157,178,178)Week 5 (n=148,153,172,173)Week 6 (n=162,168,190,196)Week 8 (n=139,154,164,174)Week 10 (n=141,152,158,174)Week 12 (n=152,161,177,190)Week 24 (n=147,151,166,179)Endpoint (n=165,170,199,200)
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum0.460.490.540.570.630.650.680.710.760.770.790.77
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro LM Addendum0.550.580.630.650.690.730.730.760.780.800.820.81
Lispro Low Mix Prior Glargine Addendum0.460.490.530.580.610.650.660.690.730.740.760.76
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum0.550.570.590.640.670.700.720.750.770.790.800.79

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ADDENDUM: Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < or = 7.0%, HbA1c < 7.0%, and < or = 6.5%

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Addendum: 24 weeks [Week 48])

,,,
Interventionpercent of participants (Number)
<=7.0%<7.0%<=6.5%
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum18.24.04.0
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum22.017.65.0
Lispro LM Prior Glargine Addendum16.013.93.7
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum12.58.84.4

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ADDENDUM: Percentage of Participants With Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes

Hypoglycemia = any time participant feels/person observes, that the participant is experiencing a sign/symptom they associate with hypoglycemia (such as hunger, dizziness, shakiness, light-headedness, sweating, irritability, headache, fast heart beat, confusion, etc) or a glucose measurement ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). Severe hypoglycemia = participant requires assistance. Qualified medical staff instructed the participants about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Weeks 6 (Addendum: 30 weeks), 12 (36 weeks), 24 (48 weeks), Endpoint (LOCF)

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hypoglycemia episodes endpointOverall hypoglycemia episodesSevere episodes endpointSevere episodes overallNocturnal episodes endpointNocturnal episodes overall
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum34.947.90.00.019.327.1
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro LM Addendum40.953.70.00.025.031.1
Lispro Low Mix Prior Glargine Addendum40.956.10.01.023.736.9
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum41.556.10.01.220.531.0

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ADDENDUM: Rate of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes

Hypoglycemia = participant feels/person observes, that the participant is experiencing a sign/symptom they associate with hypoglycemia (such as hunger, dizziness, shakiness, light-headedness, sweating, irritability, headache, fast heart beat, confusion, etc) or a glucose measurement ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). Severe hypoglycemia = participant requires assistance. Qualified medical staff instructed the participants about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Addendum 24 weeks), Overall (mean yearly rate of hypoglycemia during addendum phase

,,,
Interventionepisodes/participant/year (Mean)
Hypoglycemia episodes EndpointHypoglycemia episodes OverallNocturnal episodes EndpointNocturnal episodes OverallSevere episodes EndpointSevere episodes Overall
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum11.189.043.012.150.000.00
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum12.1111.392.372.090.000.00
Lispro LM Prior Glargine Addendum10.1110.732.513.140.000.02
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum11.1011.542.462.470.000.02

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INITIATION: 7-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profiles and Postprandial Excursions

Abbreviations: AM = morning; BG = blood glucose; PM = evening; PP = postprandial. A postprandial excursion is defined as: 2 hour postmeal plasma glucose-premeal plasma glucose. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Initiation: Week 24)

,
Interventionmilligrams per 100 Milliliters (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline mean fasting blood glucose (n=986,993)Mean fasting blood glucose (n=938,922)Baseline AM 2-hour postprandial BG (n=977,989)AM 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (n=932,920)Baseline midday premeal BG (n=976,988)Midday premeal blood glucose (BG) (n=934,919)Baseline midday 2-hour postprandial BG (n=974,988)Midday 2-hour postprandial BG (n=929,916)Baseline evening pre-meal BG (n=983,993)Evening pre-meal blood glucose (n=936,922)Baseline evening 2hour postprandial BG (n=983,991)Evening 2-hour postprandial BG (n=932,921)Baseline 3 AM blood glucose (n=955,975)3 AM blood glucose (n=912,899)Baseline AM 2-hour BG excursion (n=975,987)AM 2-hour blood glucose excursion (n=932,920)Baseline midday 2-hour BG excursion (n=966,981)Midday 2-hour blood glucose excursion (n=928,916)Baseline PM 2-hour BG excursion (n=979,988)PM 2-hour blood glucose excursion (n=929,921)Baseline mean all meal time excursions (n=985,991)Mean of all meal time excursions (n=935,921)Baseline mean all 2hour PP BG (n=986,993)Mean of all 2-hour postprandial BG (n=935,921)Baseline AM/PM 2-hour postprandial BG (n=986,993)AM/PM 2-hour postprandial BG (n=935,921)Baseline mean all premeal BG (n=988,994)Mean of all premeal blood glucose (n=938,922)Baseline AM/PM 2-hour BG excursion (n=985,991)AM/PM 2-hour blood glucose excursion (n=935,921)Baseline mean of all BG values (n=989,995)Mean of all blood glucose values (n=938,922)
Insulin Glargine196.16121.52251.45171.79203.87137.43232.73169.38203.33141.86239.73175.73197.99131.0855.3250.5726.6032.2136.5034.1740.8038.96241.58172.28245.67173.73201.29133.6246.0542.42218.05149.89
Lispro Low Mix192.91133.54252.46167.40203.76130.36231.53167.91200.36143.44236.33163.20194.11129.7060.0634.0128.0837.4636.3119.5141.6330.34240.08166.17244.36165.19198.97135.8048.1126.74216.12147.96

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INITIATION: Body Weight

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Initiation), Weeks 6, 12, 18, 24, Endpoint (LOCF)

,
Interventionkilograms (Mean)
Actual weight at Baseline (n=1046,1044)Actual weight at Week 6 (n=1008,995)Actual weight at Week 12 (n=970,960)Actual weight at Week 18 (n=943,927)Actual weight at Week 24 (n=925,911)Actual weight Endpoint (n=1016,1008)
Insulin Glargine88.2389.2489.8090.3390.7890.74
Lispro Low Mix88.8490.6391.7992.4692.6392.67

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INITIATION: HbA1c

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Initiation), Week 12, Week 24, Endpoint (LOCF)

,
Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Baseline (n=1030,1017)Week 12 (n=952,953)Week 24 (n=922,911)Endpoint (LOCF) (n=990,986)
Insulin Glargine9.027.427.287.33
Lispro Low Mix9.067.277.197.23

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INITIATION: Incremental Change From Baseline in Body Weight

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Initiation), Weeks 6, 12, 18, 24, Endpoint (LOCF)

,
Interventionkilograms (kg) (Mean)
Change from baseline at Week 6 (n=1008,995)Change from baseline at Week 12 (n=970, 960)Change from baseline at Week 18 (n=943,927)Change from baseline at Week 24 (n=925,911)Change from baseline at endpoint (n=1016,1008)
Insulin Gargine0.971.602.242.592.45
Lispro Low Mix1.662.633.443.763.60

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INITIATION: Insulin Dose

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, Endpoint (LOCF)

,
Interventionunits/kg/day (Mean)
Week 1 (n=994,1001)Week 2 (n=991, 987)Week 3 (n=990,968)Week 4 (n=971,958)Week 5 (n=958,930)Week 6 (n=998,1023)Week 8 (n=949,933)Week 10 (n=925,916)Week 12 (n=970,972)Week 18 (n=943,943)Week 24 (n=915,920)Endpoint (n=1029,1036)
Insulin Glargine0.130.180.230.260.300.320.340.370.380.390.410.40
Lispro Low Mix0.240.280.320.350.380.390.420.440.450.460.480.47

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INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal - Oral Diabetes Medication at Baseline

Comparison of oral diabetes medication at baseline between those participants who met their goal at Week 24 versus those who did not meet their goal at Week 24 (goal HbA1c ≤7.0%). (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Sulfonylurea/MetforminTZD/MetforminSulfonylurea/TZDPatients with 3 drugs (Sulfonylurea/TZD/Metformin)
Did Not Meet Goal6313551184
Met Goal5639551208

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INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - Baseline HbA1c Percentage Group

Comparison of baseline HbA1c percentage group (<8.5,>=8.5) between those participants who met their goal at Week 24 versus those who did not meet their goal at Week 24 (goal HbA1c ≤7.0%). (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
<8.5% HbA1c>=8.5% HbA1c
Did Not Meet Goal220665
Met Goal464451

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INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - Origin

Comparison of origin at baseline between those participants who met their goal at Week 24 versus those who did not meet their goal at Week 24 (goal HbA1c ≤7.0%). (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
CaucasianAfrican DescentEast/Southeast AsianHispanicOtherWestern Asian
Did Not Meet Goal521442810236175
Met Goal6805011962070

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INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - Pre Meals Blood Glucose, Post Meals Blood Glucose, Average of All Blood Glucose, and Fasting Blood Glucose

Comparison of pre meals blood glucose, post meals blood glucose, average of all blood glucose, and fasting blood glucose between those participants who met their goal at Week 24 versus those who did not meet their goal at Week 24 (goal HbA1c ≤7.0%). (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24)

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Mean)
Pre Meals Blood Glucose (n=892,866)Post Meals Blood Glucose (n=891,865)Average of All Blood Glucose (n=894,866)Fasting Blood Glucose (n=891,864)
Did Not Meet Goal209.86252.90227.77201.22
Met Goal190.47228.87206.43189.04

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INITIATION: Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < or = 7.0%, HbA1c <7.0%, and HbA1c < or = 6.5% at Endpoint

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
<=7.0%<7.0%<=6.5%
Insulin Glargine45.840.322.2
Lispro Low Mix52.547.524.6

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INITIATION: Percentage of Participants With Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes

Hypoglycemia = any time participant feels/person observes that the participant is experiencing a sign/symptom they associate with hypoglycemia (such as hunger, dizziness, shakiness, light-headedness, sweating, irritability, headache, fast heart beat, confusion, etc) or a glucose measurement ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). Severe hypoglycemia = participant requires assistance. Qualified medical staff instructed the participants about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Initiation), Endpoint (Week 24), Overall (sum of frequencies of hypoglycemic episodes after baseline ([Week 0]).

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hypoglycemic episodes endpointOverall hypoglycemic episodesNocturnal hypoglycemic episodes endpointNocturnal hypoglycemic episodes overallSevere hypoglycemic episodes endpointSevere hypoglycemic episodes overall
Insulin Glargine51.876.734.358.40.21.2
Lispro Low Mix57.180.533.959.60.62.1

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INITIATION: Rate of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes

Hypoglycemia = participant feels/person observes, that participant is experiencing a sign/symptom they associate with hypoglycemia (such as hunger, dizziness, shakiness, light-headedness, sweating, irritability, headache, fast heart beat, confusion, etc) or glucose measurement ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). Severe hypoglycemia = participant requires assistance. Qualified medical staff instructed the participants about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24), Overall (incidence of hypoglycemic episodes after baseline [Week 0])

,
InterventionEpisodes/participant/year (Mean)
Nocturnal episodes EndpointNocturnal episodes OverallSevere episodes EndpointSevere episodes OverallHypoglycemia episodes EndpointHypoglycemia episodes Overall
Insulin Glargine11.429.800.020.0320.2818.14
Lispro Low Mix8.869.220.090.1024.9625.49

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MAINTENANCE: 7-point SMPG Profiles and Postprandial Excursions

Abbreviations: AM = morning; BG = blood glucose; PM = evening; PP = postprandial. A postprandial excursion is defined as: 2 hour postmeal plasma glucose-premeal plasma glucose. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Maintenance: Week 24), Endpoint (LOCF) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline mean fasting blood glucose (n=403,456)Endpoint mean fasting blood glucose (n=372,426)Baseline AM 2-hour (hr) postprandial (n=398,455)Endpoint AM 2-hour postprandial (n=368,426)Baseline midday premeal blood glucose (n=400,454)Endpoint midday premeal blood glucose (n=370,425)Baseline midday 2hr postprandial (n=397,456)Endpoint midday 2hr postprandial (n=370,424)Baseline PM pre-meal blood glucose (n=402,455)Endpoint PM pre-meal blood glucose (n=371,425)Baseline PM 2hr postprandial (n=399,455)Endpoint PM 2hr postprandial (n=369,425)Baseline 3AM blood glucose (n=393,450)Endpoint 3AM blood glucose (n=363,419)Baseline AM 2hr excursion (n=397,455)Endpoint AM 2hr excursion (n=368,426)Baseline midday 2hr excursion (n=395,452)Endpoint midday 2hr excursion (n=370,423)Baseline PM 2hr excursion (n=398,453)Endpoint PM 2hr excursion (n=369,424)Baseline mean all meal time excursions (n=402,455)Endpoint mean all meal time excursions (n=370,426)Baseline mean of all 2hr postprandial (n=402,457)Endpoint mean of all 2hr postprandial (n=370,426)Baseline mean all premeal (n=404,456)Endpoint mean all premeal (n=372,426)Baseline combined AM/PM 2hr postprandial (402,457)Endpoint combined AM/PM 2hr postprandial (370,426)Baseline AM/PM 2hr postprandial excursion (402,455Endpoint AM/PM 2hr postprandial excursion (370,426Baseline mean all blood glucose values (n=405,457)Endpoint mean all blood glucose values (n=372,426)
Insulin Glargine190.90119.50243.62164.94193.21132.25217.67159.81190.06131.58223.83167.66189.36126.0552.6345.6925.1327.7833.8736.2437.3636.32228.52164.17191.46127.61233.82166.3443.4640.76207.01142.94
Lispro Low Mix187.12127.92243.55161.37192.02126.42218.54158.58187.92133.15223.02156.48183.18123.4356.9633.6127.0232.0334.7823.4539.6529.81228.39158.91188.95129.16233.25158.9745.8028.69205.17141.01

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MAINTENANCE: Body Weight

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0), Weeks 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionkilograms (Mean)
Baseline (n=419,473)Week 24 (n=417, 470)Week 36 (n=411, 465)Week 48 (n=399,460)Week 60 (n=362,414)Week 72 (n=315,372)Week 84 (n=281,327)Week 96 (n=248, 297)Week 108 (n=228,268)Week 120 (n=204,253)Endpoint (n=414,470)
Insulin Glargine90.5692.6493.1393.2393.1793.6293.4693.3393.3993.9994.14
Lispro Low Mix88.6292.3593.2493.5794.5795.5095.6395.3495.0794.8294.01

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MAINTENANCE: HbA1c at Specified Visits and Endpoint

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0), Weeks 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, Endpoint (LOCF) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Week 0 (n=415,464)Week 12 (n=412,465)Week 24 (n=418,471)Week 36 (n=403,460)Week 48 (n=395,443)Week 60 (n=332,403)Week 72 (n=305,363)Week 84 (n=268,312)Week 96 (n=242,291)Week 108 (n=219,257)Week 120 (n=204,240)Endpoint (n=414,470)
Insulin Glargine8.596.826.496.726.856.856.806.796.856.836.877.20
Lispro Low Mix8.696.756.496.716.806.836.796.746.736.726.757.10

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MAINTENANCE: Incremental Change From Baseline in Body Weight

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0), Weeks 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionkilograms (Mean)
Baseline (n=419,473)Change from baseline at Week 24 (n=417,470)Change from baseline at Week 36 (n=411,465)Change from baseline at Week 48 (n=399,460)Change from baseline at Week 60 (n=362,414)Change from baseline at Week 72 (n=315,372)Change from baseline at Week 84 (n=281,327)Change from baseline at Week 96 (n=248,297)Change from baseline at Week 108 (n=228,268)Change from baseline at Week 120 (n=204,253)Change from baseline at Endpoint (n=414,470)
Insulin Glargine90.562.052.713.083.333.123.163.113.483.713.65
Lispro Low Mix88.623.684.564.825.135.405.845.605.575.485.40

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MAINTENANCE: Insulin Dose

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Weeks 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionunits/kg/day (Mean)
Week 24 (n=418,473)Week 36 (n=415,470)Week 48 (n=407,464)Week 60 (n=364,419)Week 72 (n=317,374)Week 84 (n=284,334)Week 96 (n=251,303)Week 108 (n=233,273)Week 120 (n=205,254)Endpoint (n=416,472)
Insulin Glargine0.360.360.370.370.370.360.370.360.360.37
Lispro Low Mix0.430.440.440.440.440.440.440.430.440.45

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Baseline HbA1c Group

Comparison of baseline HbA1c group (<8.5,>=8.5) between those participants taking insulin glargine that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Less than 8.5% HbA1c>=8.5% HbA1c
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal121149
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Maintained Goal9746

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Duration of Diabetes Group

Comparison of duration of diabetes group (<10, 10-<20, >=20 years) at baseline between those participants taking insulin glargine that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Less than 10 years10 years to less than 20 years20 or more years
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal1529426
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Maintained Goal96456

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Mean of Post Meals Blood Glucose and Average of All Blood Glucose

Comparison of baseline mean of post meals blood glucose and average of all blood glucose between those participants taking insulin glargine that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Mean of post meals blood glucose (n=141,261)Average of all blood glucose (n=141,264)
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal233.51210.44
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Maintained Goal219.28200.60

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Oral Diabetes Medicine at Baseline

Comparison of oral diabetes medication at baseline between those participants taking insulin glargine that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Sulfonylurea/TZDSulfonylurea/metforminMetformin/TZDSulfonylurea/metformin/TZD
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal131752259
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Maintained Goal16732233

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Baseline HbA1c Group

Comparison of baseline HbA1c group (<8.5,>=8.5) between those participants taking Lispro LM that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Less than 8.58.5 or more
Lispro LM Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal121147
Lispro LM Participants Who Maintained Goal11088

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Duration of Diabetes Group

Comparison of duration of diabetes group (<10, 10-<20, >=20 years) at baseline between those participants taking Lispro LM that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
<10 years10 to <20 years>=20 years
Lispro LM Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal1489726
Lispro LM Participants Who Maintained Goal1127812

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Mean of Post Meals Blood Glucose and Average of All Blood Glucose

Comparison of baseline mean of post meals blood glucose and average of all blood glucose between those participants taking Lispro LM that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Mean of post meals blood glucoseAverage of all blood glucose
Lispro LM Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal231.66207.96
Lispro LM Participants Who Maintained Goal223.98201.42

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Oral Diabetes Medicine at Baseline

Comparison of oral diabetes medication at baseline between those participants taking Lispro LM that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Sulfonylurea/TZDSulfonylurea/metforminMetformin/TZDSulfonylurea/metformin/TZD
Lispro LM Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal51852159
Lispro LM Participants Who Maintained Goal141152545

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MAINTENANCE: Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < or = 7.0%, HbA1c <7.0, and HbA1c < or = 6.5%

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance: up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
<=7.0%<7.0%<=6.5%
Insulin Glargine44.940.123.7
Lispro Low Mix49.145.126.4

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MAINTENANCE: Percentage of Participants With Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes

Hypoglycemia = participant feels/person observes that the participant is experiencing a sign/symptom they associate with hypoglycemia (such as hunger, dizziness, shakiness, light-headedness, sweating, irritability, headache, fast heart beat, confusion, etc) or a glucose measurement ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). Severe hypoglycemia = participant requires assistance. Qualified medical staff instructed the participants about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years), Overall (incidence of hypoglycemic episodes after baseline (Week 0)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Overall hypoglycemic episodes endpoint (n=415,471)Overall hypoglycemic episodes (n=419,473)Nocturnal episodes endpoint (n=415,471)Nocturnal episodes overall (n=419,473)Severe episodes endpoint (n=415,471)Severe episodes overall (n=419,473)
Insulin Glargine45.394.030.481.10.52.9
Lispro Low Mix49.997.928.984.40.64.2

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MAINTENANCE: Change From Baseline to Endpoint in HbA1c

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0), Week 24, Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Baseline at Week 0 (n=415,464)Change from baseline to endpoint (n=409,462)Change Week 24 to Week 120 endpoint (n=412,469)
Insulin Glargine8.59-1.380.71
Lispro Low Mix8.69-1.590.61

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MAINTENANCE: Rate of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes

Hypoglycemia = participant feels/person observes that the participant is experiencing a sign/symptom they associate with hypoglycemia (such as hunger, dizziness, shakiness, light-headedness, sweating, irritability, headache, fast heart beat, confusion, etc) or a glucose measurement ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). Severe hypoglycemia = participant requires assistance. Qualified medical staff instructed the participants about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years), Overall (incidence of hypoglycemic episodes after baseline [Week 0])

,
Interventionepisodes/participant/year (Mean)
Hypoglycemia episodes EndpointHypoglycemia episodes OverallNocturnal episodes EndpointNocturnal episodes OverallSevere episodes EndpointSevere episodes Overall
Insulin Glargine16.4121.807.709.770.230.12
Lispro Low Mix18.5626.085.868.020.030.03

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MAINTENANCE: Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Maintenance: Week 24), Endpoint (LOCF) (up to 2.5 years)

,
Interventionug/dL (Mean)
BaselineEndpointChange
Insulin Glargine5.6610.484.82
Lispro Low Mix5.8711.715.84

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ADDENDUM: 24-Week Endpoint HbA1c

HbA1c at 24-week endpoint in Intensification Addendum of the trial. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Addendum) (24 weeks: Week 48)

Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum8.19
Lispro LM Prior Glargine Addendum8.03
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum8.16
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum8.14

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INITIATION: 24-Week Endpoint Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24)

Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Insulin Glargine7.33
Lispro Low Mix7.23

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INITIATION: Change From Baseline to Endpoint in 1,5 Anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG)

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Initiation), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (ug/mL) (Mean)
Insulin Glargine4.61
Lispro Low Mix5.25

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INITIATION: Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 24 Weeks

(NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Baseline (Initiation) to Endpoint (LOCF, Week 24)

Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Insulin Glargine-1.68
Lispro Low Mix-1.83

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INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - 1,5 AG

Comparison of 1,5 AG between those participants who met their goal at Week 24 versus those who did not meet their goal at Week 24 (goal HbA1c ≤7.0%). (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24)

Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (ug/mL) (Mean)
Met Goal5.74
Did Not Meet Goal4.28

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INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - Age

Comparison of age at baseline between those participants who met their goal at Week 24 versus those who did not meet their goal at Week 24 (goal HbA1c ≤7.0%). (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24)

Interventionyears (Mean)
Met Goal58.21
Did Not Meet Goal55.85

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INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - HbA1c

Comparison of baseline HbA1c between those participants who met their goal at Week 24 versus those who did not meet their goal at Week 24 (goal HbA1c ≤7.0%). (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24)

Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Met Goal8.66
Did Not Meet Goal9.40

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INITIATION: Participant Demographics of Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Achieve HbA1c Goal at Week 24 - Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)

Comparison of HOMA-IR (surrogate markers of insulin resistance calculated from fasting insulin and glucose) at baseline between those participants who met their goal at Week 24 and those who did not meet their goal at Week 24 (goal HbA1c ≤7.0%). HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (milliunits per milliliter) * fasting plasma glucose (millimoles per liter) / 22.5. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Initiation: Week 24)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Met Goal4.44
Did Not Meet Goal5.45

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MAINTENANCE: Duration of Time HbA1c Maintained at Goal by Initiation Regimen (Insulin Glargine or Lispro Low Mix)

HbA1c goal: HbA1c ≤7.0% or HbA1c >7.0% but increased <0.4% from last HbA1c ≤7.0% (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Last Observation Carried Forward [LOCF]) (Maintenance: up to 2.5 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Insulin Glargine14.40
Lispro Low Mix16.80

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - 1,5 AG

Comparison of baseline 1,5 AG between those participants taking insulin glargine that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

Interventionug/mL (Mean)
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Maintained Goal6.29
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal5.39

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Baseline HbA1c

Comparison of baseline HbA1c between those participants taking insulin glargine that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Maintained Goal8.27
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal8.77

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Duration of Diabetes

Comparison of duration of diabetes at baseline between those participants taking insulin glargine that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

Interventionyears (Mean)
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Maintained Goal8.44
Insulin Glargine Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal9.70

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - 1,5 AG

Comparison of baseline 1,5 AG between those participants taking Lispro LM that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

Interventionug/ml (Mean)
Lispro LM Participants Who Maintained Goal5.93
Lispro LM Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal5.73

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Baseline HbA1c

Comparison of baseline HbA1c between those participants taking Lispro LM that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Lispro LM Participants Who Maintained Goal8.54
Lispro LM Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal8.80

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MAINTENANCE: Participant Demographics of Lispro LM Participants Who Did Versus Did Not Maintain HbA1c Goal - Duration of Diabetes

Comparison of duration of diabetes at baseline between those participants taking lispro LM that maintained their HbA1c goal and those that did not. Participants who maintained goal are those who did not fail during their duration on study. Failure is defined by HbA1c > 7.0% with change >= 0.4% from most recent HbA1c that was <=7.0%. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance) (up to 2.5 years)

Interventionyears (Mean)
Lispro LM Participants Who Maintained Goal9.42
Lispro LM Participants Who Did Not Maintain Goal9.87

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MAINTENANCE: Rate of Increase in HbA1c

Rate of increase: HbA1c change/time period (month). (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) (Maintenance: up to 2.5 years)

InterventionHbA1c percent increase per month (Mean)
Insulin Glargine0.06
Lispro Low Mix0.05

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ADDENDUM: 7-point SMPG Profiles

Abbreviations: AM = morning; BG = blood glucose; PM = evening; PP = postprandial. A postprandial excursion is defined as: 2 hour postmeal plasma glucose-premeal plasma glucose. (NCT00279201)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Addendum: 24 weeks [Week 48])

,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Mean fast blood glucose (BG) (n=135,150,161,178)AM 2-hour postprandial (PP) BG (n=135,149,160,176)Midday premeal blood glucose (n=135,150,161,177)Midday 2-hour (hr) PP BG (n=135,149,160,176))PM premeal blood glucose (n=135,150,161,178)PM 2-hour postprandial BG (n=134,150,161,178)3 AM blood glucose (n=132,146,153,171)AM 2-hour BG excursion (n=135,149,160,176)Midday 2-hour BG excursion (n=135,148,160,176)PM 2-hour BG excursion (n=134,150,161,178)Mean all mealtime excursions (n=135,150,161,178)Mean all 2-hour PP BG (n=135,150,161,178)Mean all premeal blood glucose (n=135,150,161,178)Mean combined AM/PM 2hr PP BG (n=135,150,161,178)Mean AM/PM 2hr BG excursion (n=135,150,161,178)Mean all BG values (n=135,150,161,178)Baseline mean all premeals BG (n=152,161,183,187)Baseline mean of postmeal BG (n=152,161,182,187)Baseline average of all BG (n=152,161,183,187)Baseline fasting glucose (n=152,161,183,187)
Basal Bolus Prior Glargine Addendum126.22170.14144.61167.45157.15175.34147.1424.3523.3018.5821.82170.95149.04172.7321.42158.33146.64186.19163.19131.54
Basal Bolus Prior Lispro LM Addendum145.33168.71144.08165.24153.62171.51146.5023.3020.7117.8820.61168.55147.68170.0420.74156.41149.91183.82164.02147.93
Lispro Low Mix Prior Glargine Addendum139.45171.40141.87181.46153.19174.94139.8631.3339.4021.5930.38175.61144.85172.8826.45157.41146.01185.62163.20131.02
Lispro Mid Mix Prior Lispro Low Mix Addendum151.15170.36145.89164.13151.96172.98146.3018.9718.9721.1419.64169.14149.67171.6520.06157.52149.50181.18162.18143.99

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Rate of Hypoglycemia, Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Severe Hypoglycemia and Serious Hypoglycemia

"Symptomatic hypoglycemia (BG<70 mg/dL, BG<50 mg/dL): including 1 or more symptoms: headache, dizziness, general feeling of weakness, drowsiness, confusion, pallor, irritability, trembling, sweating, rapid heartbeat & a cold, clammy feeling.~Mild-to-moderate hypoglycemia: SMBG ≥ 36 mg/dL but <70 mg/dL~Severe hypoglycemia: assistance of another party is required & either:~SMBG of <36 mg/dL, or~with prompt response to treatment with oral carbohydrates, IV glucose or glucagon.~Serious hypoglycemia:~Hypoglycemia with coma/loss of consciousness Or Hypoglycemia seizure/convulsion." (NCT00283049)
Timeframe: 60 Weeks from Baseline

,,
Interventionevents/ patient-year (Mean)
Exposure (Patient-years)Hypoglycemic (HE) event with SMBG <70mg/dLHE with SMBG <50mg/dLHE with SMBG <36mg/dLSevere HE (BG<36mg/dL or prompt response to CHOSerious HE (coma/loss of consciousness,seizure)
Insulin Glargine + Metformin (MET) + Sulfonylurea (SU)0.96725.35.60.60.10.0
Insulin Glargine + Metformin (MET) + Thiazolidinedione (TZD)0.94316.53.30.30.10.0
Insulin Glargine + Sulfonylurea (SU) + Thiazolidinedione (TZD)0.94130.14.90.30.10.0

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Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) From Baseline to Week 12

(NCT00283049)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from Baseline

InterventionPercentage (Mean)
Insulin Glargine + Sulfonylurea (SU) + Thiazolidinedione (TZD)-1.2
Insulin Glargine + Metformin (MET) + Thiazolidinedione (TZD)-1.2
Insulin Glargine + Metformin (MET) + Sulfonylurea (SU)-1.2

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Occurrences of Hypoglycemia, Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Severe Hypoglycemia, and Serious Hypoglycemia

"Symptomatic hypoglycemia (BG<70 mg/dL, BG<50 mg/dL): including 1 or more symptoms: headache, dizziness, general feeling of weakness, drowsiness, confusion, pallor, irritability, trembling, sweating, rapid heartbeat & a cold, clammy feeling.~Mild-to-moderate hypoglycemia: SMBG ≥ 36 mg/dL but <70 mg/dL~Severe hypoglycemia: assistance of another party is required & either:~SMBG of <36 mg/dL, or~with prompt response to treatment with oral carbohydrates, IV glucose or glucagon.~Serious hypoglycemia:~Hypoglycemia with coma/loss of consciousness Or Hypoglycemia seizure/convulsion." (NCT00283049)
Timeframe: 60 weeks from Baseline

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Any reported symptomatic Hypoglycemic eventSymptomatic events with Self-monitored BG (SMBG)SMBG <70 mg/dL with symptomSMBG <50mg/dL with symptomSMBG <36 mg/dL with symptomSevere HypoglycemiasSevere only due to SMBG <36mg/dLSevere: Prompt response to CHO countermeasureSevere:SMBG<36mg/dL, prompt response to CHOSerious hypoglycemiaComa/Loss of Consciousness
Insulin Glargine + Metformin (MET) + Sulfonylurea (SU)1121121128535504200
Insulin Glargine + Metformin (MET) + Thiazolidinedione (TZD)10710610271241015411
Insulin Glargine + Sulfonylurea (SU) + Thiazolidinedione (TZD)1101091077423814333

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Primary: Preoperative Fasting Blood Sugar Upon Arrival at the Hospital Prior to Surgery

Venous blood glucose values were obtained in the preoperative nursing unit. Blood glucose values were analyzed for achievement of target 100-179 mg/dl range and extended 80-249 mg/dl range. Analyses were by intention to treat. (NCT00309465)
Timeframe: Day 1

,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of subjects (Number)
Achievement of 100-179 mg/dlAchievement of 80-249 mg/dl
Call Physician (Insulin Glargine Only Group)72.489.7
Call Physician (Insulin Glargine Plus Bolus Group52.681.6
Dose Table (Insulin Glargine Only Group)74.198.3
Dose Table (Insulin Glargine Plus Bolus Group)63.293.4
Take 80% (Insulin Glargine Only Group)58.689.7
Take 80% (Insulin Glargine Plus Bolus Group)58.781.3

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Percentage of Glucose Levels > 180 mg/dL

Percentage of blood glucose levels > 180 mg/dL (NCT00338104)
Timeframe: First 24 hours after conversion

Interventionpercentage of blood glucose values (Number)
40% Group19
60% Group34
80% Group18

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Percentage of Blood Glucose Values Between 80 - 140

Percentage of blood glucose values within the target range of eighty to one hundred forty mg per dL (NCT00338104)
Timeframe: First 24 hours after conversion

Interventionpercentage of blood glucose values (Number)
40% Group43
60% Group35
80% Group48

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Percentage of Glucose Values < 50 mg/dL

Percentage of blood glucose values < 50 mg/dL (NCT00338104)
Timeframe: First 24 hours after conversion

Interventionpercentage of blood glucose values (Number)
40% Group1
60% Group0
80% Group0

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The Primary Endpoint Was the Change in FMD at the End of the Study Compared to Baseline Measurements in Subjects Treated With Exenatide Compared to Subjects Treated With Lantus.

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery was measured at rest and during reactive hyperemia using a high-resolution 10.0 MHz linear array transducer and an HOI Ultramark 9 system. Reactive hyperemia was produced by inflating a pneumatic tourniquet on the forearm distal to the brachial artery to 50 mmHg above the systolic BP for 5 minutes, then deflating it . Brachial artery diameter was measured before inflation of the cuff and 1-2 minutes after cuff deflation and expressed as the percentage change. This protocol is described in detail elsewhere. This was performed fasting, 2, and 4 hours after the meal challenge at baseline and 3 months. (NCT00353834)
Timeframe: Baseline and End of Study

InterventionPercentage dilation (Mean)
Glargine Insulin5.0
Exenatide4.7

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First Will be the Changes in TNG Stimulated Arterial Dilation (Endothelial-independent) in Subjects Treated With Exenatide Compared With Subjects Treated With Lantus at the End of the Study Compared to Baseline Measurements

Trinitroglycerin (TNG) response evaluates endothelium independent vasodilation. The brachial artery was scanned before and 5 minutes after sublingual administration of 400 ug of trinitroglycerin. This was performed only at 4 hours following the test meal and fifteen minutes after completion of the FMD study to allow for the brachial artery to return to baseline. This was performed at both the baseline and 3 month visits. (NCT00353834)
Timeframe: Baseline and end of study

InterventionPercentage dilation (Mean)
Glargine Insulin10.7
Exenatide11.3

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Beta Cell Function

Beta cell function as assessed by peak c-peptide using mixed meal tolerance testing (NCT00357890)
Timeframe: 24 months

,
Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Baseline24 months
Multiple Daily Injections (MDI)1.71.6
Pump Therapy (CSII)2.11.1

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Hemoglobin A1c

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (%) (NCT00357890)
Timeframe: 24 months

,
Interventionpercentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Baseline12 months24 months
Multiple Daily Injections (MDI)10.27.07.5
Pump Therapy (CSII)106.16.8

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Insulin Sensitivity

Insulin sensitivity - glucose infusion rate (GIR) obtained from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Higher GIR reflects higher insulin sensitivity, lower GIR reflects lower insulin sensitivity. (NCT00357890)
Timeframe: 24 months

,
Interventionmg/kg/min (Mean)
Baseline24 month
Multiple Daily Injections (MDI)6.24.8
Pump Therapy (CSII)8.65.8

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Percent Body Fat

Percent body fat based on DEXA scan (%BF) (NCT00357890)
Timeframe: 24 months

,
Interventionpercentage of body fat (Mean)
Baseline12 months24 months
Multiple Daily Injections (MDI)21.620.320.5
Pump Therapy (CSII)2018.517.4

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Hypoglycemic Rate Per 30 Days

Number of hypoglycemic episodes per patient adjusted per 30 days (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionNumber of episodes per 30 days (Median)
Exenatide0.069
Insulin Glargine0.164

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Incidence of Hypoglycemic Episodes

Percent of total patients in each arm experiencing hypoglycemia at any point in the 26 week study (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionpercent (Number)
Exenatide50.0
Insulin Glargine59.6

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Change in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol

Change in LDL cholesterol from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide-0.25
Insulin Glargine-0.07

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Change in TC to HDL Cholesterol Ratio

Change in TC to HDL cholesterol ratio from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionRatio (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide-0.40
Insulin Glargine-0.34

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Change in Waist Circumference

Change in waist circumference from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks

,
Interventioncm (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline (Week 0)Change at endpoint (Week 26)
Exenatide112.07-2.19
Insulin Glargine110.641.97

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Change in Systolic Blood Pressure

Change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

,
InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline (Week 0)Change at endpoint (Week 26)
Exenatide134.0-3.6
Insulin Glargine134.70.6

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Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure

Change in diastolic blood pressure from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

,
InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline (Week 0)Change at endpoint (Week 26)
Exenatide79.6-0.8
Insulin Glargine79.70.9

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Change in Body Weight

Change in body weight from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

,
Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline (Week 0)Change at endpoint (Week 26)
Exenatide101.19-2.73
Insulin Glargine97.932.98

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Change in Apolipoprotein-B

Change in apolipoprotein-B from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventiong/L (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide-0.09
Insulin Glargine-0.08

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Change in Fasting Serum Glucose

Change in fasting serum glucose from baseline (week 0) to endpoint (week 26) (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide-2.12
Insulin Glargine-3.61

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Change in Fasting Serum Total Cholesterol (TC)

Change in TC from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide-0.36
Insulin Glargine-0.21

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Change in Waist-to-hip Ratio

Change in waist-to-hip ratio from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

,
InterventionRatio (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline (Week 0)Change at endpoint (Week 26)
Exenatide0.99-0.02
Insulin Glargine0.980.01

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Change in Fasting Serum Triglycerides

Change in fasting serum triglycerides from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide-0.33
Insulin Glargine-0.38

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Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Change in BMI from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

,
Interventionkg/m^2 (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline (Week 0)Change at endpoint (Week 26)
Exenatide34.49-0.95
Insulin Glargine33.711.01

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Incidence of Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes

Percent of total patients in each arm experiencing severe hypoglycemia at any point during the 26 week study (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionpercent (Number)
Exenatide4.2
Insulin Glargine5.3

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Incidence of Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Episodes

Percent of total patients in each arm experiencing nocturnal hypoglycemia at any point in the 26 week study (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionpercent (Number)
Exenatide11.9
Insulin Glargine29.8

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Change in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol

Change in HDL cholesterol from baseline to endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide0.01
Insulin Glargine0.02

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Change in 7 Point Self Monitored Blood Glucose Profile

Change from baseline to endpoint in self monitored blood glucose levels measured at 7 time points during the day (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Pre-breakfast: Baseline (Week 0)Pre-breakfast: Change at endpoint (Week 26)2 hrs after breakfast: Baseline (Week 0)2 hrs after breakfast: Change at endpt (Week 26)Pre-lunch: Baseline (Week 0)Pre-lunch: Change at endpoint (Week 26)2 hrs after lunch: Baseline (Week 0)2 hrs after lunch: Change at endpoint (Week 26)Pre-dinner: Baseline (Week 0)Pre-dinner: Change at endpoint (Week 26)2 hrs after dinner: Baseline (Week 0)2 hrs after dinner: Change at endpoint (Week 26)Bedtime: Baseline (Week 0)Bedtime: Change at endpoint (Week 26)
Exenatide9.98-2.0113.53-5.099.95-2.2112.07-3.209.95-2.1312.59-4.5911.63-3.56
Insulin Glargine9.88-3.9913.33-3.959.54-2.5911.15-2.489.37-1.4611.80-2.0611.24-2.20

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Severe Hypoglycemic Rate Per 30 Days

Number of severe hypoglycemic episodes per patient adjusted per 30 days (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionNumber of episodes per 30 days (Median)
Exenatide0.000
Insulin Glargine0.000

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Percent of Patients Who Achieved HbA1c ≤ 7.4% With Minimal Weight Gain (≤ 1kg)

Composite endpoint evaluating effect of treatment on glycemic control and weight (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Exenatide53.4
Insulin Glargine19.8

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Percent of Patients Who Achieved HbA1c ≤ 7.4% and Weight Gain ≤ 0.5kg

Composite endpoint evaluating effect of treatment on glycemic control and weight (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Exenatide52.5
Insulin Glargine16.4

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Percent of Patients Achieving HbA1c ≤ 7.4%

Percent of patients achieving specified HbA1c target at endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Exenatide54.2
Insulin Glargine61.2

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Percent of Patients Achieving HbA1c < 7%

Percent of patients achieving specified HbA1c target at endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Exenatide34.7
Insulin Glargine43.1

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Percent of Patients Achieving 5% Weight Loss

Percent of patients who lost at least 5% of baseline body weight at endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Exenatide19.5
Insulin Glargine0.9

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Percent of Patients Achieving 10% Weight Loss

Percent of patients who lost at least 10% of baseline body weight at endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Exenatide4.2
Insulin Glargine0.0

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Percent Change in Body Weight

Percent change in baseline body weight at endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks

InterventionPercentage (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide-2.8
Insulin Glargine3.1

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Percent of Patients Achieving HbA1c < 6.5%

Percent of patients achieving specified HbA1c target at endpoint (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Exenatide15.3
Insulin Glargine11.2

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Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Rate Per 30 Days

Number of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes per patient adjusted per 30 days (NCT00360334)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionNumber of episodes per 30 days (Median)
Exenatide0.000
Insulin Glargine0.000

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Daily Mean Plasma Glucose

(NCT00360698)
Timeframe: at the end of treatment (week 24)

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride154.7
Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride165.8

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Patients With Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Value < 7%

Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) is a biological parameter that reflects the blood glucose concentration over a long period of time. It is the standard parameter for glycemic control follow -up in diabetic patients. this parameter is expressed in percentage (%) and the target in diabetes management is to reach a HbA1c <7% (NCT00360698)
Timeframe: at the end of treatment (week 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride22.4
Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride8.8

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Rate of Nocturnal Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Plasma Glucose < 70mg/dL

(NCT00360698)
Timeframe: during treatment period (12 weeks)

InterventionNumber of hypoglycemia per patient-year (Mean)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride1.62
Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride3.95

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Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Value

(NCT00360698)
Timeframe: at the end of treatment (week 24)

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride7.5
Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride7.8

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Rate of Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

(NCT00360698)
Timeframe: during treatment period (12 weeks)

InterventionNumber of hypoglycemia per patient-year (Mean)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride0.00
Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride0.20

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Rate of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Plasma Glucose < 70mg/dL

(NCT00360698)
Timeframe: during treatment period (12 weeks)

InterventionNumber of hypoglycemia per patient-year (Mean)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride8.19
Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride7.68

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Change in Daily Mean Plasma Glucose

(NCT00360698)
Timeframe: from baseline to the end of treatment (week 24)

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride-15.01
Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride-2.07

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Value

(NCT00360698)
Timeframe: from baseline to the end of treatment (week 24)

Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride-0.37
Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride-0.11

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Change in Weight

(NCT00360698)
Timeframe: from baseline to the end of treatment (week 24)

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride0.46
Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride0.22

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Daily Dose of Insulin Glargine

Mean of 3 daily doses reported during the week prior to the final visit (NCT00360698)
Timeframe: at the end of treatment (week 24)

Interventionunits of insulin glargine per day (Mean)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride54.7
Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride62.2

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Daily Dose of Insulin Glulisine

Mean of 3 daily doses reported during the week prior to the final visit (NCT00360698)
Timeframe: at the end of treatment (week 24)

Interventionunits of insulin glulisine per day (Mean)
Insulin Glulisine+Insulin Glargine+Metformin+Glimepiride12.8

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Percentage Reduction in C-reactive Protein (CRP)

(NCT00366301)
Timeframe: 14 weeks

InterventionPercent CRP Reduction (Mean)
Placebo Pill-19.0
Metformin Pill-16.1
Insulin Glargine Plus Placebo Pill-2.9
Insulin Glargine Plus Metformin Pill-20.1

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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 36 Week Endpoint

Level of hemoglobin A1c at endpoint. (NCT00377858)
Timeframe: 36 weeks

Interventionpercent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture7.66
Insulin Glargine7.49

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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Interval Visits

Levels of HbA1c at 12 weeks and 24 weeks and 36 weeks. (NCT00377858)
Timeframe: 12, 24, and 36 weeks

,
Interventionpercent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
12 Week Interval (n=222, n=222)24 Week Interval (n=206, n=217)36 Week Interval (n=202, n=208)
Insulin Glargine7.857.367.44
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture8.027.537.53

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30-Day Adjusted Rates of Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (Including Nocturnal and Non-Nocturnal)

Hypoglycemic episode defined: any time patient felt that he/she was experiencing a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia, or had old Roche blood glucose level <70 mg/dL even if not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment consistent with current guidelines. Nocturnal hypoglycemia defined: any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking. Non-nocturnal hypoglycemia defined: any hypoglycemic event that occurred between waking and bedtime. Overall episodes: those that occurred at any time during the post-randomization visits. Endpoint: last visit interval based on LOCF. (NCT00377858)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 Weeks

,
Interventionhypoglycemic event per 30 days (Mean)
Endpoint Hypoglycemic RateOverall Hypoglycemic RateEndpoint Nocturnal Hypoglycemic RateOverall Nocturnal Hypoglycemic RateEndpoint Non-Nocturnal Hypoglycemic RateOverall Non-Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Rate
Insulin Glargine2.192.210.320.281.871.93
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture1.571.880.260.261.311.63

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7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose Profiles

Actual daily mean blood glucose levels at specified time points. (NCT00377858)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12-24-36 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline: Morning Pre-Meal (n=228, n=231)Baseline: Morning Postprandial Meal (n=213, n=222)Baseline: Midday Pre-Meal (n=227, n=230)Baseline: Midday Postprandial Meal (n=215, n=223)Baseline: Evening Pre-Meal (n=227, n=229)Baseline: Evening Postprandial Meal (n=226,n= 229)Baseline: 0300 Hours (n=205, n=202)12 Week: Morning Pre-Meal (n=218, n=226)12 Week: Morning Postprandial Meal (n=192, n=206)12 Week: Midday Pre-Meal (n=215, n=220)12 Week: Midday Postprandial Meal (n=196, n=209)12 Week: Evening Pre-Meal (n=216, n=221)12 Week: Evening Postprandial Meal (n=213, n= 223)12 Week: 0300 Hours (n=185, n=187)24 Week: Morning Pre-Meal (n=210, n=213)24 Week: Morning Postprandial Meal (n=193, n=201)24 Week: Midday Pre-Meal (n=209, n=213)24 Week: Midday Postprandial Meal (n=196, n=203)24 Week: Evening Pre-Meal (n=209, n=211)24 Week: Evening Postprandial Meal (n=207, n= 207)24 Week: 0300 Hours (n=181, n=184)36 Week: Morning Pre-Meal (n=200, n=210)36 Week: Morning Postprandial Meal (n=179, n=194)36 Week: Midday Pre-Meal (n=199, n=210)36 Week: Midday Postprandial Meal (n=182, n=195)36 Week: Evening Pre-Meal (n=199, n=207)36 Week: Evening Postprandial Meal (n=195, n= 225)36 Week: 0300 Hours (n=167, n=177)Endpoint: Morning Pre-Meal (n=228, n=231)Endpoint: Morning Postprandial Meal (n=213, n=222)Endpoint: Midday Pre-Meal (n=227, n=230)Endpoint: Midday Postprandial Meal (n=215, n=223)Endpoint: Evening Pre-Meal (n=227, n=229)Endpoint: Evening Postprandial Meal (n=226,n= 229)Endpoint: 0300 Hours (n=205, n=202)
Insulin Glargine9.6412.399.6211.2210.3111.769.176.6811.288.109.437.989.407.126.079.457.829.156.948.697.186.4810.297.4610.307.979.858.256.5310.297.5210.347.989.847.89
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture10.2212.4910.1511.4010.3811.879.377.2611.568.639.928.758.236.976.729.877.999.387.508.217.146.9610.097.3310.318.139.468.186.989.987.3610.288.159.277.78

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Change From Baseline in Absolute Body Weight at 36 Week Endpoint

Change in body weight was calculated as weight at endpoint (last observation carried forward) minus weight at baseline. (NCT00377858)
Timeframe: Baseline, 36 Weeks

,
Interventionkilograms (Least Squares Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Insulin Glargine77.003.19
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture76.713.09

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Endpoint Insulin Dose Per Body Weight; Total, Basal, and Prandial

Total daily insulin dose adjusted for body weight (Units of insulin per kilogram per day [U/kg/day]) was assessed. Basal insulin is the amount of insulin required to manage normal daily blood glucose fluctuations. Prandial insulin is taken at meal time. Insulin glargine is a basal insulin and insulin lispro is a prandial insulin. Insulin lispro mid-mix is a 50/50 mixture of a basal insulin and insulin lispro. Endpoint: last visit interval based on LOCF. (NCT00377858)
Timeframe: 36 Weeks

,
InterventionU/kg/day (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Basal (n=239, n=240)Daily Prandial (n=239, n=130)Daily Total (n=239, n=240)
Insulin Glargine0.350.290.51
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture0.270.360.57

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Endpoint Insulin Dose; Total, Basal, and Prandial

Total daily insulin dose (Units of insulin per day [U/day]) was assessed. Basal insulin is the amount of insulin required to manage normal daily blood glucose fluctuations. Prandial insulin is taken at meal time. Insulin glargine is a basal insulin and insulin lispro is a prandial insulin. Insulin lispro mid-mix is a 50/50 mixture of a basal insulin and insulin lispro. Endpoint: last visit interval based on LOCF. (NCT00377858)
Timeframe: 36 Weeks

,
InterventionU/day (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Basal (n=239, n=240)Daily Prandial (n=239, n=130)Daily Total (n=239, n=240)
Insulin Glargine26.8621.6838.25
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture19.9027.7343.44

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Glycemic Variability

Glycemic variability was measured by mean blood glucose value (M-value), which was the mean of the intra-days self-monitoring blood glucose values, and by the mean of daily difference (MODD), which was the mean of the between-days self-monitored blood glucose values. (NCT00377858)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12-24-36 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline MODD (n=226, n=229)Baseline M-Value (n=228, n=231)12 Week MODD (n=214, n=221)12 Week M-Value (n=218, n=226)24 Week MODD (n=208, n=211)24 Week M-Value (n=210, n=213)36 Week MODD (n=198, n=206)36 Week M-Value (n=200, n=210)Endpoint MODD (n=226, n=229)Endpoint M-Value (n=228, n=231)
Insulin Glargine2.0746.751.5428.491.6620.141.6027.411.6127.99
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture2.0948.021.5130.071.5722.671.5526.461.5126.27

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Number of Insulin Injections Per Day

(NCT00377858)
Timeframe: Weeks 12, 24, 30, 36

,
Interventioninsulin injections (Least Squares Mean)
Week 12Week 24Week 30Week 36Endpoint
Insulin Glargine1.001.761.811.801.79
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture1.331.972.052.031.98

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Number of Patients With at Least One Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episode, Including Nocturnal (and Non-nocturnal) Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemic episode defined: any time patient felt that he/she was experiencing a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia, or had old Roche blood glucose level <70 mg/dL even if not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment consistent with current guidelines. Nocturnal hypoglycemia defined: any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking. Non-nocturnal hypoglycemia defined: any hypoglycemic event that occurred between waking and bedtime. Overall episodes: those that occurred at any time during the post-randomization visits. Endpoint: last visit interval based on LOCF. (NCT00377858)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 Weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Endpoint Hypoglycemic EpisodesOverall Hypoglycemic EpisodesEndpoint Nocturnal Hypoglycemic EpisodesOverall Nocturnal Hypoglycemic EpisodesEndpoint Non-Nocturnal Hypoglycemic EpisodesOverall Non-Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Episodes
Insulin Glargine1061793711298179
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture871783011271175

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Number of Patients With at Least One Severe Hypoglycemia Episode

Severe hypoglycemia was defined as hypoglycemic event that meets at least one of the following criteria: not capable of treating self and blood glucose <2.8 millimoles per liter (mmol/L); not capable of treating self, blood glucose is missing and prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate or glucagon or intravenous glucose; hypoglycemic event outcome was coma, hopitalization, emergency room visit, or automobile accident. The overall category is a severe hypoglycemic event that occurred at any time during the post-randomization visits. Endpoint: last visit interval based on LOCF. (NCT00377858)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 Weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Endpoint Severe Hypoglycemic EpisodesOverall Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes
Insulin Glargine15
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture18

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Percentage of Patients Who Achieved Hemoglobin A1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5%, Greater Than 6.5%, Less Than 7%, Greater Than or Equal to 7%, Less Than or Equal to 7%, and Greater Than 7% at Interval Visits and Endpoint

(NCT00377858)
Timeframe: 12-24-36 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 12: HbA1c ≤7.0% (n=222, n=222)Week 12: HbA1c >7.0% (n=222, n=222)Week 12: HbA1c <7.0% (n=222, n=222)Week 12: HbA1c ≥7.0% (n=222, n=222)Week 12: HbA1c ≤6.5% (n=222, n=222)Week 12: HbA1c >6.5% (n=222, n=222)Week 24: HbA1c ≤7.0% (n=206, n=217)Week 24: HbA1c >7.0% (n=206, n=217)Week 24: HbA1c <7.0% (n=206, n=217)Week 24: HbA1c ≥7.0% (n=206, n=217)Week 24: HbA1c ≤6.5% (n=206, n=217)Week 24: HbA1c >6.5% (n=206, n=217)Week 36: HbA1c ≤7.0% (n=202, n=208)Week 36: HbA1c >7.0% (n=202, n=208)Week 36: HbA1c <7.0% (n=202, n=208)Week 36: HbA1c ≥7.0% (n=202, n=208)Week 36: HbA1c ≤6.5% (n=202, n=208)Week 36: HbA1c >6.5% (n=202, n=208)Endpoint (LOCF): HbA1c ≤7.0% (n=234, n=235)Endpoint (LOCF): HbA1c >7.0% (n=234, n=235)Endpoint (LOCF): HbA1c <7.0% (n=234, n=235)Endpoint (LOCF): HbA1c ≥7.0% (n=234, n=235)Endpoint (LOCF): HbA1c ≤6.5% (n=234, n=235)Endpoint (LOCF): HbA1c >6.5% (n=234, n=235)
Insulin Glargine25.274.821.678.410.889.247.053.038.761.321.778.344.755.340.459.619.280.843.057.039.160.919.180.9
Insulin Lispro Mid Mixture21.278.818.981.18.191.939.860.235.464.616.084.039.660.437.662.415.384.736.863.235.065.013.286.8

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Percentage of Patients Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7.0% at Week 60 (Lantus/Apidra-3 Versus Novolog Mix 70/30 - ITT Population With All Sites) (Sensitivity Analysis)

Responders defined as patients who achieved an HbA1c value <7.0% versus nonresponders. Patients who did not achieve an HbA1c value <7.0% and patients with a missing HbA1c value at Week 60 were considered to be nonresponders. (NCT00384085)
Timeframe: At week 60

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c < 7.0%HbA1c ≥ 7.0%Missing data
Lantus/Apidra-344.134.421.5
Novolog Mix 70/3038.132.029.9

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Percentage of Patients Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7.0% at Week 60 (Lantus/Apidra-3 Versus Novolog Mix 70/30 - Intent To Treat (ITT) Population Without Good Clinical Practices (GCP) Noncompliant Sites)

Responders defined as patients who achieved an HbA1c value <7.0% versus nonresponders. Patients who did not achieve an HbA1c value <7.0% and patients with a missing HbA1c value at Week 60 were considered to be nonresponders. (NCT00384085)
Timeframe: At week 60

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c < 7.0%HbA1c ≥ 7.0%Missing data
Lantus/Apidra-343.335.321.4
Novolog Mix 70/3038.632.329.1

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 60 (Lantus/Apidra-1 Versus Novolog Mix 70/30)Per Protocol Population

Absolute Change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 60. If the Week 60 HbA1c evaluation was missing, the patient was counted as having not completed per protocol. (NCT00384085)
Timeframe: At week 60

,
Interventionpercent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
baseline HbA1cAbsolute change in HbA1c from baseline
Lantus/Apidra-19.30-2.30
Novolog Mix 70/309.06-1.97

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Adjusted Incidence Rate of Hypoglycemia

"Adjusted incidence rate of hypoglycemia: estimated percent of patients having at least 1 event of a given type of hypoglycemia.~A severe Hypoglycemic Event (HE) is one where patient requires assistance. It is confirmed either by a prompt response to certain countermeasures or by a blood Glucose (BG) <36 mg/dL during or soon after the event.~A serious HE is one where the patient has loss of consciousness, coma, seizure, or convulsion.~Nocturnal = events occurring between 00:00 & 06:00 based on a 24-hour clock.~An event is included if the HE start date is within the treatment period." (NCT00384085)
Timeframe: Week 60

,,
Interventionestimated percentage per patient (Mean)
Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) < 70 mg/dlSMBG< 70 mg/dl with symptomsSMBG< 70 mg/dl, nocturnalSMBG< 70 mg/dl with symptoms, nocturnalSMBG< 50 mg/dlSMBG< 50 mg/dl with symptomsSMBG< 50 mg/dl, nocturnalSMBG< 50 mg/dl with symptoms, nocturnalSMBG< 36 mg/dlSevere hypoglycemiasSerious hypoglycemias
Lantus/Apidra-174.7862.5040.3133.5539.5532.5611.297.498.637.190.00
Lantus/Apidra-374.4060.1446.3037.0339.7731.5112.056.9310.8910.100.41
Novolog Mix 70/3083.1571.9842.5335.6853.1445.9212.588.8814.328.232.29

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Adjusted Hypoglycemic Event Rates (Event/Patient-year)

"Adjusted Hypoglycemic event rate: Total # of events for a given type of hypoglycemia divided by the total exposure to study drug (patient-years). Rates are estimated from a general linear model adjusted for baseline BMI and oral agent combination of antidiabetic medications on which the patient entered the study.~An event is included if the hypoglycemic event start date is within the treatment period (i.e., from the Randomization date to & including 1 day after the date of last dose of study drug)." (NCT00384085)
Timeframe: Week 60

,,
Interventionevent per patient year (Mean)
Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) < 70 mg/dlSMBG< 70 mg/dl with symptomsSMBG< 70 mg/dl, nocturnalSMBG< 70 mg/dl with symptoms, nocturnalSMBG< 50 mg/dlSMBG< 50 mg/dl with symptomsSMBG< 50 mg/dl, nocturnalSMBG< 50 mg/dl with symptoms, nocturnalSMBG< 36 mg/dlSevere hypoglycemiasSerious hypoglycemias
Lantus/Apidra-112.857.111.841.101.170.830.180.090.100.10NA
Lantus/Apidra-314.507.231.901.161.380.890.200.100.150.17NA
Novolog Mix 70/3020.4212.231.681.162.421.910.270.180.230.17NA

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Percentage of Patients Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <7.0% at Week 60 (Lantus/Apidra-1 Versus Novolog Mix 70/30)

Patients who achieved an HbA1c value <7.0% were defined as responders. Patients who did not achieve HbA1c values <7.0% and patients with missing HbA1c values were considered nonresponders. (NCT00384085)
Timeframe: At week 60

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lantus/Apidra-151.1
Novolog Mix 70/3039.5

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Percentage of Patients Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <7.0% at Week 60 Without a Severe Hypoglycemic Event or a Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Event With an Self Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) <50 mg/dl

"Severe hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms that are considered to result from hypoglycemia in which the patient required assistance of another person and one of the following: the event was associated with a measured blood glucose level below 36 mg/dL or the event was associated with prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, iv glucose, or glucagon administration.~A symptomatic hypoglycemic event was defined as a hypoglycemic episode with an associated SMBG value of <50 mg/dL with reported symptoms." (NCT00384085)
Timeframe: At week 60

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c < 7.0%HbA1c ≥ 7.0%Missing data
Lantus/Apidra-125.052.222.8
Lantus/Apidra-323.055.721.3
Novolog Mix 70/3014.158.427.6

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Absolute Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 60 (Lantus/Apidra-3 Versus Novolog Mix 70/30)

Absolute Change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 60. (NCT00384085)
Timeframe: From baseline to week 60

Interventionpercent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Lantus/Apidra-3-2.45
Novolog Mix 70/30-2.13

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Change From Baseline in Cardiovascular (CV) Biomarkers - High Sensitive C-reactive Protein (Hs-CRP)

Change from baseline in CV biomarker hs-CRP (milligrams per deciliter [mg/dl]) calculated as hs-CRP at observation minus hs-CRP at baseline. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)0.2
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)-0.1

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Change From Baseline in CV Biomarkers - Interleukin 6 (IL-6)

Change from baseline in IL-6 (picograms per milliliter [pg/ml]) calculated as IL-6 at observation minus IL-6 at baseline. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpg/ml (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)-1.1
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)-2.4

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Change From Baseline in CV Biomarkers - Soluble Tissue Factor (STF)

Change from baseline in soluble tissue factor (pg/ml) calculated as STF at observation minus STF at baseline. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpg/ml (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)230.2
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)170.4

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Change From Baseline in CV Biomarkers - Thrombin-antithrombin Complexes (Tat-complexes)

Change from baseline in tat-complexes (nanograms per milliliter [ng/ml]) calculated as tat-complexes at observation minus tat-complexes at baseline. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)-3.4
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)-40.4

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Level

FPG measured as milligrams/deciliter (mg/dl). Change from baseline calculated as FPG at observation minus FPG at baseline. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)-30.6
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)-60.1

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26

Change (measured as percent): HbA1c at observation minus HbA1c at baseline. Primary objective to demonstrate non-inferiority of inhaled insulin compared to insulin glargine for glycemic control after 26 weeks of treatment not attainable due to early termination of study; analyses were descriptive and graphical. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)-1.7
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)-1.4

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Number of Events of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia

Number of events of nocturnal hypoglycemia, incidence: midnight to 6:00 am. Hypoglycemia: characteristic symptoms of hypoglycemia with no blood glucose check; resolved with food intake, SC glucagon, or intravenous (IV) glucose; or symptoms with glucose <3.27 mmol/L (59 mg/dL); or any glucose measurement <=2.72 mmol/L (49 mg/dl). Severity of nocturnal glycemia not summarized. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionevents (Number)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)159
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)81

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Number of Subjects Discontinued Due to Insufficient Clinical Response

Number of subjects discontinued due to signs and symptoms of persistent hyperglycemia or HbA1c > 12.0 % or frequent and unexplained severe hypoglycemic events (> 3 events per month for 2 or more months); subject's HbA1c not < = 7 % at Week 12. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)3
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)0

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Number of Subjects With HbA1c < 6.5 %

Number of subjects with glycemic control HbA1c measurement of < 6.5 % at observation. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)37
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)23

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Number of Subjects With HbA1c < 7.0 %

Number of subjects with glycemic control HbA1c measurement of < 7.0 % at observation. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)84
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)67

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Analysis of Home Blood Glucose Monitoring (HBGM) (7 & 8 Point)

Blood glucose (BG) self-monitored by subject at home; measured at least once between Visits 2, 3 and between Visits 8, 9 (8-point: fasting, pre-meal, post-meal, bedtime, 2:00 am); between each visit: Visit 3 to 8 (7-point: fasting, post-meal, pre-lunch, pre-dinner, bedtime). Post-meal: 2-hour period after breakfast, lunch, dinner. Change: average overall absolute, pre-meal, and post-meal blood glucose = HBGM at observation minus HBGM at baseline; pre-meal to post-meal blood glucose = HBGM at post-meal minus HBGM at pre-meal. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Average overall absolute BG (n=101, 95)Average pre-meal BG (n=101, 95)Average post-meal BG (n=99, 91)Change from pre-meal to post-meal BG (n=99, 91)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)-45.0-38.1-64.5-24.5
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)-43.7-50.7-49.61.6

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Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)

BMI measured as kilograms per meter squared (kg/m2). Change calculated as BMI at observation minus BMI at baseline. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionkg/m2 (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)0.7
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)0.4

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Number of Subjects With HbA1c < 8.0 %

Number of subjects with glycemic control HbA1c measurement of < 8.0 % at observation. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)121
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)108

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c Prior to Week 26

Change (measured as percent) from baseline calculated as HbA1c at observation minus HbA1c at baseline. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, and Week 18

,
Interventionpercent (Mean)
Week 2 (n = 128, 108)Week 4 (n = 134, 121)Week 8 (n = 134, 121)Week 12 (n = 134, 121)Week 18 (n = 134, 121)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)-0.4-0.8-1.3-1.6-1.7
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)-0.3-0.6-1.1-1.3-1.5

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Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) 24-hour Glucose Profile in a Subset of Patients

The mean of the 24-hour mean and the mean of the 24-hour standard deviation (SD) (variability around the average glucose concentration) calculated on glucose values (mg/dl) collected during inpatient evaluation of glycemic stability. Interstitial glucose assessed at 5 minute intervals starting pre-supper on Day 1 of evaluation; ending on Day 3 pre-breakfast. Analysis is on data generated between 6:00 am on Day 2 and 6:00 am on Day 3. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Week 26: 24-hour mean (n=14, 12)Week 26: 24-hour SD (n=14, 12)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)107.633.7
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)102.130.7

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Number of Subjects With Hypoglycemic Events by Severity

Number of subjects with hypoglycemic events by severity. Severe hypoglycemia: subject unable to treat self; exhibits a neurological symptom; and blood glucose <=2.72 mmol/L or blood glucose not measured but symptoms reversed with food intake, SC glucagon, or intravenous glucose. If all 3 criteria not met, hypoglycemia defined as mild or moderate. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Week 26 Mild, ModerateWeek 26 Severe
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)261
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)321

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

Change from baseline calculated as body weight at observation minus body weight at baseline. (NCT00391027)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionkilograms (kg) (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)2.2
Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)1.1

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving Glycemic Control (HbA1c < 6.5%) at Week 26

Percentage of subjects with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c lab value less than 6.5%. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Inhaled Human Insulin35.5
Insulin Glargine22.2

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving Glycemic Control (HbA1c < 7.0%) at Week 26

Percentage of subjects with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c lab value less than 7.0%. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Inhaled Human Insulin62.6
Insulin Glargine47.6

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving Glycemic Control (HbA1c < 8.0%) at Week 26

Number of subjects with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c lab value less than 8.0%. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Inhaled Human Insulin79.8
Insulin Glargine83.6

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Change From Baseline in Lipids at Week 26

Lipid (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], triglycerides) lab value: Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Total cholesterol, Week 26 (n=197, 186)HDL-c, Week 26 (n=197, 186)LDL-c, Week 26 (n=197, 186)Triglycerides, Week 26 (n=197, 187)
Inhaled Human Insulin-2.802.97-2.09-42.65
Insulin Glargine-6.190.69-3.71-46.23

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Change From Baseline in Fasting and Postprandial Blood Glucose as Determined by Standardized Meal Tolerance Tests at Week 26

Postprandial blood glucose lab value (Time 0 min [fasting], Time 30 min, Time 60 min, Time 90 min, Time 120 min, Time 180 min): Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Time 0 at Week 26 (n=105, 119)Time 30 at Week 26 (n=95, 107)Time 60 at Week 26 (n=110, 118)Time 90 at Week 26 (n=114, 120)Time 120 at Week 26 (n=113, 124)Time 180 at Week 26 (n=114, 122)
Inhaled Human Insulin-35.22-49.91-56.83-64.94-66.59-66.99
Insulin Glargine-61.16-66.02-64.77-58.85-54.89-51.27

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Change From Baseline in 24-Hour Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) Glucose Values at Week 26

24-Hour CGMS glucose lab value was obtained using the Medtronic MiniMed CGMS. Not all subjects were offered the opportunity to participate in this assessment. Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin-36.53
Insulin Glargine-35.63

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26

Body weight value: Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionkg (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin3.55
Insulin Glargine2.33

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose at Week 26

Fasting plasma glucose lab value: Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin-52.77
Insulin Glargine-53.50

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Number of Total Subject Months of Treatment

Number of total subject months of treatment. Subject months = number of days from start of treatment to the last day of active treatment + 1 day lag, including off-drug time)/30.44. Severe=the subject was unable to treat him/herself; had at least 1 neurological symptom; or blood glucose of < = 49 mg/dL. Events not meeting all 3 criteria were considered mild-moderate. Overall=mild, moderate, and severe. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Months 1 to 7

,
Interventionsubject months (Number)
Overall at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Mild/Moderate at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Severe at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Overall at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Mild/Moderate at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Severe at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Overall at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Mild/Moderate at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Severe at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Overall at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Mild/Moderate at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Severe at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Overall at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Mild/Moderate at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Severe at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Overall at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Mild/Moderate at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Severe at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Overall at Month 7 (n=77, 60)Mild/Moderate at Month 7 (n=77, 60)Severe at Month 7 (n=77, 60)
Inhaled Human Insulin145.8145.8145.8138.3138.3138.3128.8128.8128.8117.7117.7117.7112.2112.2112.2103.5103.5103.512.812.812.8
Insulin Glargine82.482.482.481.081.081.080.480.480.479.779.779.777.977.977.975.775.775.76.66.66.6

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Number of Total Hypoglycemic Events

A hypoglycemic event was identified by characteristic symptoms or blood glucose levels. Severe=the subject was unable to treat him/herself; had at least 1 neurological symptom; or blood glucose of < = 49 mg/dL. Events not meeting all 3 criteria were considered mild-moderate. Overall=mild, moderate, and severe. Total=events during the study. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Months 1 to 7

,
Interventionevents (Number)
Overall at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Mild/Moderate at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Severe at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Overall at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Mild/Moderate at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Severe at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Overall at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Mild/Moderate at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Severe at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Overall at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Mild/Moderate at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Severe at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Overall at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Mild/Moderate at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Severe at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Overall at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Mild/Moderate at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Severe at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Overall at Month 7 (n=77, 60)Mild/Moderate at Month 7 (n=77, 60)Severe at Month 7 (n=77, 60)
Inhaled Human Insulin19519403653641292289316616601571570119119012120
Insulin Glargine414106666084840515106464063630550

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Number of Subjects With Hypoglycemic Events

A hypoglycemic event was identified by characteristic symptoms or blood glucose levels. An event was severe if the subject was unable to treat him/herself; had at least 1 neurological symptom; or blood glucose of < = 49 mg/dL. Events not meeting all 3 criteria were considered mild-moderate. Overall=mild, moderate, and severe. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Months 1 to 7

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Overall at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Mild/Moderate at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Severe at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Overall at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Mild/Moderate at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Severe at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Overall at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Mild/Moderate at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Severe at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Overall at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Mild/Moderate at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Severe at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Overall at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Mild/Moderate at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Severe at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Overall at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Mild/Moderate at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Severe at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Overall at Month 7 (n=77, 60)Mild/Moderate at Month 7 (n=77, 60)Severe at Month 7 (n=77, 60)
Inhaled Human Insulin706909898184833616105555042420880
Insulin Glargine242403838035350252503030031310440

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Change From Baseline in Postprandial Blood Glucose as Measured by 8-Point Profiles at Week 26

Post-prandial=after a meal. 8-point scale: (1 = before breakfast, 2 = 2 hours post breakfast, 3 = before lunch, 4 = 2 hours post lunch, 5 = before dinner, 6 = 2 hours post dinner, 7 = at bedtime, 8 = overnight [between 2 and 4 am]). Postprandial blood glucose lab value: Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Post-Breakfast, Week 26 (n=185,171)Post-Lunch, Week 26 (n=184, 172)Post-Dinner, Week 26 (n=187,166)
Inhaled Human Insulin-86.61-86.66-81.86
Insulin Glargine-75.36-58.51-59.20

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Change From Baseline in CV Biomarkers Adiponectin and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) at Week 26

CV biomarker (adiponectin and ApoB) lab value: Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmg/mL (Mean)
Adiponectin, Week 26 (n=195, 184)ApoB, Week 26 (n=198, 187)
Inhaled Human Insulin0.23-0.06
Insulin Glargine-0.32-0.06

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 26 for the FAS

HbA1c lab value: Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin-1.91
Insulin Glargine-1.67

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Change From Baseline in Cardiovascular (CV) Biomarkers High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (Hs-CRP), Leptin, and Spot Urine Microalbumin at Week 26

CV biomarker (hs-CRP, Leptin, and Spot Urine Microalbumin) lab value: Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmg/L (Mean)
hs-CRP, Week 26 (n=198, 187)Leptin, Week 26 (n=193, 186)Spot Urine Microalbumin, Week 26 (n=183, 169)
Inhaled Human Insulin0.613.683.47
Insulin Glargine0.324.413.70

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Crude Hypoglycemic Event Rate

crude event rate=(events)/(subject-months). Severe=the subject was unable to treat him/herself; had at least 1 neurological symptom; or blood glucose of < = 49 mg/dL. Events not meeting all 3 criteria were considered mild-moderate. Overall=mild, moderate, and severe. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Months 1 to 7

,
Interventionevents / subject-months (Number)
Overall at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Mild/Moderate at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Severe at Month 1 (n=147, 83)Overall at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Mild/Moderate at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Severe at Month 2 (n=141, 81)Overall at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Mild/Moderate at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Severe at Month 3 (n=135, 81)Overall at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Mild/Moderate at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Severe at Month 4 (n=120, 80)Overall at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Mild/Moderate at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Severe at Month 5 (n=117, 79)Overall at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Mild/Moderate at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Severe at Month 6 (n=109, 77)Overall at Month 7 (n=77, 60)Mild/Moderate at Month 7 (n=77, 60)Severe at Month 7 (n=77, 60)
Inhaled Human Insulin1.31.302.62.60.72.32.22.31.41.401.41.401.21.200.90.90
Insulin Glargine0.50.500.80.801.01.000.60.600.80.800.80.800.80.80

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 26 for the Per Protocol (PP) Population

HbA1c lab value: Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin-2.01
Insulin Glargine-1.75

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Change From Baseline in Mean Standard Deviation (SD) of 24-Hour Glucose Values Measured by CGMS at Week 26

SD of 24-Hour CGMS glucose lab value obtained using the Medtronic MiniMed CGMS. Not all subjects were offered the opportunity to participate in this assessment. Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin-12.50
Insulin Glargine4.46

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Number of Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events

A hypoglycemic event was identified by characteristic symptoms or blood glucose levels. Severe=the subject was unable to treat him/herself; had at least 1 neurological symptom; or blood glucose of < = 49 mg/dL. Events not meeting all 3 criteria were considered mild-moderate. Nocturnal hypoglycemia=event occuring from midnight to 5:59 am. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Months 1 to 7

Interventionevents (Number)
Inhaled Human Insulin187
Insulin Glargine114

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Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI) at Week 26

BMI value (kg/m2): Change = value at Week 26 minus value at Baseline. (NCT00418522)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionkg/m2 (Mean)
Inhaled Human Insulin1.22
Insulin Glargine0.80

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Phase 2: Change in Body Weight at Week 36

Two changes are calculated, the first by subtracting Week 36 value from the Phase 1 Baseline value (total change over 36 weeks), the second by subtracting the Week 36 value from the Phase 2 Baseline value (change from week 24 to week 36 only). (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: Phase 1 Baseline, Phase 2 Baseline at Week 24, Week 36

,,,
Interventionkg (Mean)
Phase 1 BaselineChange From Phase 1 Baseline to Week 36Phase 2 Baseline at Week 24Change From Phase 2 Baseline to Week 36
Group C (Phase 2 SYMLIN)109.98-0.80108.500.69
Group D (Phase 2 SYMLIN+RA)104.831.34105.670.50
Group E (Phase 2 RA Insulin)104.423.90107.870.44
Group F (Phase 2 RA Insulin + SYMLIN)105.304.51110.68-0.86

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Fasting Serum Lipids Change From Baseline to Week 24

(NCT00467649)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 24

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Total CholesterolHDLLDLTriglycerides
Group A (Phase 1 SYMLIN)-1.811.112.36-28.96
Group B (Phase 1 RA Insulin)5.271.659.12-31.98

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The Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <=7% at Week 24 With no Gain in Body Weight From Baseline and no Incidence of Severe Hypoglycemia

A severe hypoglycemia is defined as an event during which the patient required the assistance of another individual (including aid in ingestion of oral carbohydrate); and/or required the administration of glucagon injection, intravenous glucose, or other medical intervention. (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

InterventionPercent (Number)
Group A (Phase 1 SYMLIN)30.4
Group B (Phase 1 RA Insulin)10.7

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Percentage of Patients With no Weight Gain at Week 24

This is a component of the primary endpoint (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

InterventionPercent (Number)
Group A (Phase 1 SYMLIN)46.4
Group B (Phase 1 RA Insulin)14.3

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Percentage of Patients With a Severe Hypoglycemia Adverse Event

This is a component of the primary endpoint. (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

InterventionPercent (Number)
Group A (Phase 1 SYMLIN)0.0
Group B (Phase 1 RA Insulin)0.0

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Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <=7% at Week 24

This is a component of the primary endpoint (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

InterventionPercent (Number)
Group A (Phase 1 SYMLIN)44.6
Group B (Phase 1 RA Insulin)55.4

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Change in Waist Circumference From Baseline at Week 24

Baseline values are presented in the Baseline Characteristics section (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

Interventioncm (Least Squares Mean)
Group A (Phase 1 SYMLIN)-0.63
Group B (Phase 1 RA Insulin)2.17

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline at Week 24

Baseline values are presented in the Baseline Characteristics section (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

InterventionPercent (Least Squares Mean)
Group A (Phase 1 SYMLIN)-1.11
Group B (Phase 1 RA Insulin)-1.27

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose From Baseline at Week 24

Baseline values are presented in the Baseline Characteristics section (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Group A (Phase 1 SYMLIN)-29.0
Group B (Phase 1 RA Insulin)-37.8

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Hypoglycemia Adverse Events

"MILD: patient reported symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia that may or may not have been documented by glucose monitoring at the time of symptoms. Symptoms did not greatly interrupt or interfere with the patients daily activities. Symptoms dissipated spontaneously or upon eating.~MODERATE: Patient reported symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia that may or may not have been documented by glucose monitoring at the time of symptoms. Symptoms interrupted or interfered with the patients daily activities and required immediate self treatment (e.g. carbohydrate ingestion).~SEVERE: Patient required the assistance of another individual (including aid in ingestion of oral carbohydrate): and/or required the administration of glucagon injection, intravenous glucose, or other medical intervention." (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: 36 weeks

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
MildModerateSevere
Group A (Phase 1 SYMLIN)31120
Group B (Phase 1 RA Insulin)46130
Group C (Phase 2 SYMLIN)700
Group D (Phase 2 SYMLIN+RA)1810
Group E (Phase 2 RA Insulin)920
Group F (Phase 2 RA Insulin + SYMLIN)1930

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Phase 2: Change in HbA1c at Week 36

Two changes are calculated, the first by subtracting Week 36 value from the Phase 1 Baseline value (total change over 36 weeks), the second by subtracting the Week 36 value from the Phase 2 Baseline value (change from week 24 to week 36 only). (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: Phase 1 Baseline, Phase 2 Baseline at Week 24, Week 36

,,,
InterventionPercent (Mean)
Phase 1 BaselineChange From Phase 1 Baseline to Week 36Phase 2 Baseline at Week 24Change From Phase 2 Baseline to Week 36
Group C (Phase 2 SYMLIN)8.35-1.966.260.14
Group D (Phase 2 SYMLIN+RA)8.03-0.687.57-0.23
Group E (Phase 2 RA Insulin)7.85-1.496.140.22
Group F (Phase 2 RA Insulin + SYMLIN)8.38-0.997.320.07

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline at Week 24

Baseline values are presented in the Baseline Characteristics section (NCT00467649)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Group A (Phase 1 SYMLIN)0.02
Group B (Phase 1 RA Insulin)4.65

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Number of Subjects Reporting Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

Number of subjects reporting treatment emergent adverse events during the trial (from week 0 to week 26). Adverse events were reported as treatment emergent if they occurred from the date of first insulin trial product administration up to and including the date of last insulin trial product administration. (NCT00469092)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

Interventionparticipants (Number)
BIAsp 30117
Glargine115

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Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c measured in blood samples after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT00469092)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment

Interventionpercentage of total haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
BIAsp 307.08
Glargine7.23

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Number of Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Total number of hypoglycaemic episodes experienced in each treatment arm. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if the subject was unable to treat her/himself. Minor if subject was able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose was below 3.1 mmol/L or 56 mg/dL. Symptoms only if subject was able to treat her/himself and with either no plasma glucose or blood glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L or 56 mg/dL. (NCT00469092)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

,
Interventionevents (Number)
MinorSymptom onlyMajorUnclassified
BIAsp 3044326531
Glargine31822430

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Number of Subjects Achieving the Treatment Target for Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

The number of subjects achieving the treatment target for glycosylated haemoglobin A1c after 26 weeks treatment. The treatment targets were: HbA1c <= 6.5% of haemoglobin and HbA1c < 7% of haemoglobin. (NCT00469092)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
HbA1c <= 6.5% of haemoglobinHbA1c < 7.0% of haemoglobinReduction > 1% point from baselineHbA1c < 7% no nocturnal hypoglycemiaHbA1c < 7%, no daytime hypoglycemiaHbA1c < 7%, no hypoglycemia
BIAsp 3054101134825245
Glargine60106132925045

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Treatment Satisfaction as Measured by the Diabetes Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (Diab MedSat)

Subjects assessed the burden, efficacy, symptoms and overall score in the treatment satisfaction questionnaire, Diab MedSat (Diabetes Medication Satisfaction questionnaire). The scores were transformed to a 0-100 scale with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. The score of the subscales was computed as the mean of the items in each subscale. (NCT00469092)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment

,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Burden ScoreEfficacy ScoreSymptoms ScoreOverall Score
BIAsp 3083.1073.2572.4276.53
Glargine83.0673.4772.8176.64

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9-point Self-measured Plasma Glucose Profiles

Glycaemic control measured by 9-point self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) profiles. The 9 time points for self-measurement during the day were: Before breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours after lunch, before dinner, 2 hours after dinner, before bedtime, at 2-4 AM, and before breakfast the following day. Hypoglycaemia episodes were defined as major or minor. Major if the subject was unable to treat her/himself. Minor if subject was able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose was below 3.1 mmol/L or 56 mg/dL. (NCT00469092)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Before breakfast2 hours after breakfastBefore lunch2 hours after lunchBefore dinner2 hours after dinnerBefore bedtime02:00-04:00 AMBefore breakfast following day
BIAsp 306.739.407.248.907.908.667.776.566.65
Glargine6.569.077.288.987.809.188.546.696.40

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C-peptide Concentration in Response to a Glucose Clamp and Oral Glucose Ingestion Before and After 2 Months of Insulin Treatment to Improve Average Glycemia.

Subjects had glucose clamps for 270 minutes with serial sampling of blood for measurement of insulin and C-peptide. At 90 minutes into the clamp they consumed 75 g of oral glucose solution. Meal-stimulated insulin secretion was summarized as the mean plasma C-peptide from 90-270 minutes. This outcome measure was compared for each subject before treatment and after 2 months of insulin treatment to lower blood glucose. Subjects were started on 20 units of insulin glargine after their first visit and asked to measure their morning blood glucose daily. The dose of insulin was increased in increments of 4-6 units every 3 days targeting an average morning glucose level of less then 120 mg/dl. After 2 months of treatment the primary outcome was repeated with a second glucose clamp / oral glucose tolerance test, identical to the first. (NCT00469833)
Timeframe: 180 minutes

,
Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
C-peptide at baselineC-peptide at 8 weeks
IV Glucose5.636.02
Oral Glucose7.1010.89

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HbA1c Before and After 2 Months of Insulin Treatment to Improve Average Glycemia.

Type 2 diabetic subjects had HbA1c measured before and after 2 months of basal insulin glargine treatment. (NCT00469833)
Timeframe: 2 months

Intervention% glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
HbA1c at baselineHbA1c at 8 weeks
Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetic Subjects8.67.1

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Insulin Concentration in Response to a Glucose Clamp and Oral Glucose Ingestion Before and After 2 Months of Insulin Treatment to Improve Average Glycemia.

Subjects had glucose clamps for 270 minutes with serial sampling of blood for measurement of insulin and C-peptide. At 90 minutes into the clamp they consumed 75 g of oral glucose solution. Meal-stimulated insulin secretion was summarized as the mean plasma C-peptide from 90-270 minutes. This outcome measure was compared for each subject before treatment and after 2 months of insulin treatment to lower blood glucose. Subjects were started on 20 units of insulin glargine after their first visit and asked to measure their morning blood glucose daily. The dose of insulin was increased in increments of 4-6 units every 3 days targeting an average morning glucose level of less then 120 mg/dl. After 2 months of treatment the primary outcome was repeated with a second glucose clamp / oral glucose tolerance test, identical to the first. (NCT00469833)
Timeframe: 180 minutes

,
Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
Insulin at baselineInsulin at 8 weeks
IV Glucose316.4395.6
Oral Glucose546.9934.6

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ISR in Response to a Glucose Clamp and Oral Glucose Ingestion Before and After 2 Months of Insulin Treatment to Improve Average Glycemia.

Subjects had glucose clamps for 270 minutes with serial sampling of blood for measurement of insulin and C-peptide. At 90 minutes into the clamp they consumed 75 g of oral glucose solution. Meal-stimulated insulin secretion was summarized as the mean plasma C-peptide from 90-270 minutes. This outcome measure was compared for each subject before treatment and after 2 months of insulin treatment to lower blood glucose. Subjects were started on 20 units of insulin glargine after their first visit and asked to measure their morning blood glucose daily. The dose of insulin was increased in increments of 4-6 units every 3 days targeting an average morning glucose level of less then 120 mg/dl. After 2 months of treatment the primary outcome was repeated with a second glucose clamp / oral glucose tolerance test, identical to the first. (NCT00469833)
Timeframe: 180 minutes

,
Interventionpmol/min (Mean)
Insulin secretion at baselineInsulin secretion at 8 weeks
IV Glucose0.750.76
Oral Glucose0.671.11

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Overall Survival

Overall survival (OS) defined as the interval between the date of randomization and the date of death. Calculation of period was from baseline (date of randomization) to the death or last follow-up. (NCT00500240)
Timeframe: Baseline (date of randomization) to date of death or last follow-up (weekly during treatment then every 2 months post study treatment) up to 6 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
Conventional Care44
Intervention Group62.2

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as the time interval between the date of complete remission and the date of relapse detection or death. Complete Remission (CR) defined as granulocyte count >1.0 × 10^9/L, platelet count >100 × 10^9/L, no abnormal peripheral blasts, and <5% blasts in normocellular or hypercellular bone marrow. (NCT00500240)
Timeframe: Date of complete remission to disease progression, assessed for approximately 6 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
Conventional Care38.8
Intensive Insulin24

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1-Year Overall Survival Rate

The overall survival rate defined as percentage of participants in each treatment group who are still alive at 12 months. (NCT00500240)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Conventional Care80.8
Intensive Insulin63.5

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1-Year Adjusted Rates of Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (Including All, Nocturnal, and Severe) Overall

Overall: any time after randomization. Hypoglycemic: any time patient experienced sign/symptom associated with hypoglycemia, or had old Roche blood glucose level <7 mg/dL. Nocturnal: any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking. Severe: event with symptoms consistent with neuroglycopenia in which patient requires assistance, and is associated with: a Roche blood glucose value <2.8 mmol/L or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, glucagon, or IV glucose. 1-year adjusted rate=(total number of episodes between 2 time intervals/number of days between intervals) X 365.25 days. (NCT00510952)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks

,
Interventionhypoglycemic event per 1 year (Mean)
Hypoglycemic RateNocturnal Hypoglycemic RateSevere Hypoglycemic Rate
Glargine22.954.080.02
Lispro24.166.080.11

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Number of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (Including All, Nocturnal, and Severe Hypoglycemia) Overall

Overall: any time after randomization. Hypoglycemic: any time patient experienced sign/symptom associated with hypoglycemia, or had old Roche blood glucose level <7 mg/dL. Nocturnal: any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking. Severe Hypoglycemia: event with symptoms consistent with neuroglycopenia in which patient requires assistance, and is associated with either a Roche blood glucose value <2.8 millimoles/liter or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, glucagon, or intravenous glucose. (NCT00510952)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
All Hypoglycemic EpisodesNocturnal Hypoglycemic EpisodesSevere Hypoglycemic Episodes
Glargine160872
Lispro1681149

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Total Daily Insulin Dose (Units) at Endpoint

Insulin dose at endpoint was analyzed by 24-hour total daily insulin (units). (NCT00510952)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionUnits of insulin (Mean)
Lispro33.28
Glargine30.85

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Total Daily Insulin Dose Per Body Weight (Units/Kilograms) at Endpoint

Insulin dose at endpoint was analyzed by 24-hour total daily insulin per body weight (units/kilograms). (NCT00510952)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

InterventionUnits of insulin/kilograms (U/kg) (Mean)
Lispro0.39
Glargine0.35

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Percentage of Patients With HbAlc Less Than 7.0 Percent and HbAlc Less Than or Equal to 6.5 Percent at Endpoint

Percentage of patients achieving Hemaglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets of less than 7% and less than or equal to 6.5% at endpoint. (NCT00510952)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.0%HbA1c ≤6.5%
Glargine41.221.7
Lispro43.824.8

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Change in Absolute Body Weight (kg) From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint

(NCT00510952)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks

,
Interventionkilograms (kg) (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Glargine86.051.07
Lispro84.231.04

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Change From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

(NCT00510952)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 Weeks

,
Interventionpercent of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Glargine8.69-1.41
Lispro8.70-1.46

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Actual and Change From Baseline to 12 Week and 24 Week Endpoint in HbAlc Value

(NCT00510952)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 Weeks, 24 Weeks

,
Interventionpercent hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline (n= 225, n= 226)Week 12 HbA1c (n=213, n=220)Week 12 Change from Baseline (n=213, n=220)Week 24 HbA1c (n=206, n=218)Week 24 Change from Baseline (n=206, n=218)
Glargine8.697.36-1.307.24-1.43
Lispro8.707.30-1.367.15-1.52

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7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profile at Endpoint

Actual measurements and daily mean blood glucose levels at endpoint. (NCT00510952)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
Actual Morning Pre-MealActual Morning Postprandial MealActual Midday Pre-MealActual Midday Postprandial MealActual Evening Pre-MealActual Evening Postprandial MealActual 0300 HoursDaily Mean 7-Point SMBGDaily Mean Pre-MealDaily Mean Postprandial MealDaily Mean Morning+Evening Pre-Meal
Glargine6.339.007.169.177.549.297.007.967.049.186.93
Lispro6.478.646.939.097.509.196.797.796.998.966.99

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30-Day Adjusted Rates of Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (Including All, Nocturnal, and Severe) Overall

Overall: any time after randomization. Hypoglycemic: any time patient experienced sign/symptom associated with hypoglycemia, or had old Roche blood glucose level <7 mg/dL. Nocturnal: any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking. Severe: event with symptoms consistent with neuroglycopenia in which patient requires assistance, and is associated with: a Roche blood glucose value <2.8 mmol/L or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, glucagon, or IV glucose. 30-day adjusted rate=(total number of episodes between 2 time intervals/number of days between intervals) X 30 days. (NCT00510952)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 Weeks

,
Interventionhypoglycemic events per 30 days (Mean)
Hypoglycemic RateNocturnal Hypoglycemic RateSevere Hypoglycemic Rate
Glargine1.880.340.00
Lispro1.980.500.01

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Glycemic Variability at Endpoint

Glycemic variability was measured by standard deviation (SD) value of fasting blood glucose as measured by intra-patient glycemic variability (determined by the 7-point self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) profiles at endpoint) based on the actual morning pre-meal blood glucose. (NCT00510952)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
Lispro1.01
Glargine0.94

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Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event During the Study

(NCT00511472)
Timeframe: 39 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MK-094146
Placebo21

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Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event During the Outpatient Treatment Period

During the Outpatient Treatment Period, participants were followed for an additional 2 weeks while at home. (NCT00511472)
Timeframe: Outpatient Days 1 to 14

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MK-094120
Placebo11

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Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event - Titration Scheme 2

Titration Scheme #2 (Titration Phase, Days 1 to 4) was a flexible-dose titration scheme in which MK-0941/matching placebo was given at a dose determined by a pre-prandial plasma glucose concentration for the subsequent meal on the previous day of administration. (NCT00511472)
Timeframe: 25 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MK-094122
Placebo10

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24-Hour Weighted Mean Blood Glucose Levels (mg/dL) by Treatment Group on Day 7

Measurement of the 24-hour weighted mean blood glucose levels of participants receiving MK-0941 or placebo while on basal insulin on Day 7. (NCT00511472)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
MK-0941 (Titration Group 1)155.5
MK-0941 (Titration Group 2)151.3
Placebo201.6

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Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event - Titration Scheme 1

In Titration Scheme #1, MK-0941/matching placebo was initiated at 10-mg q.a.c. dose and increased on a daily basis in 10-mg q.a.c. increments on Titration Dose [TD] Days 1 to 4 of the Titration Phase 1 of the study. (NCT00511472)
Timeframe: 25 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MK-094120
Placebo11

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Safety: Number of Participants With Serious and Non-Serious Adverse Events

Safety was assessed via serious adverse events (SAEs) and AEs, the details of which are listed in the Reported Adverse Event section. (NCT00548808)
Timeframe: baseline through 48 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Serious Adverse EventsNon-Serious Adverse Events
Insulin Glargine13116
Insulin Lispro LM19107

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Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <6.5% and <7% Over Time

(NCT00548808)
Timeframe: 16 weeks, 32 weeks, 48 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Percent achieving HbA1c < 6.5 % at 16 weeksPercent achieving HbA1c < 7.0 % at 16 weeksPercent achieving HbA1c < 6.5 % at 32 weeksPercent achieving HbA1c < 7.0 % at 32 weeksPercent achieving HbA1c < 6.5 % at 48 weeksPercent achieving HbA1c < 7.0 % at 48 weeks
Insulin Glargine12.532.617.538.819.039.1
Insulin Lispro LM10.228.219.440.621.240.0

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Daily Total Insulin Dose Per Body Weight (U/kg/Day) at 16, 32, and 48 Weeks

(NCT00548808)
Timeframe: 16 weeks, 32 weeks, 48 weeks

,
InterventionUnits of insulin/kilogram/day (U/kg/day) (Mean)
Week 16Week 32Week 48
Insulin Glargine0.490.650.71
Insulin Lispro LM0.490.650.71

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Daily Total Insulin Dose (U/Day) at 16, 32, and 48 Weeks

(NCT00548808)
Timeframe: 16 weeks, 32 weeks, 48 weeks

,
InterventionUnits of insulin per day (U/day) (Mean)
Week 16Week 32Week 48
Insulin Glargine35.8748.1654.03
Insulin Lispro LM36.4250.3854.97

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Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Over Time

(NCT00548808)
Timeframe: Baseline, 16 Weeks, 32 Weeks, 48 Weeks

,
Interventionpercent (%) glycated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
16 Week Change from Baseline32 Week Change from Baseline48 Week Change from Baseline
Insulin Glargine-1.76-1.90-1.87
Insulin Lispro LM-1.65-1.92-1.91

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Change From Baseline to 48 Week Endpoint in Lipid and Cholesterol Profiles

(NCT00548808)
Timeframe: baseline, 48 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles/Liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Cholesterol (n=195, n=203)Triglycerides (n=195, n=203)Low Density Lipoprotein (n=178, n=191)High Density Lipoprotein (n=195, n=203)
Insulin Glargine-0.080.03-0.060.04
Insulin Lispro LM-0.18-0.09-0.110.06

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Change From Baseline in Postprandial Blood Glucose Over Time

The change in blood glucose was evaluated by the GlycoMark™ test. GlycoMark measures levels of 1,5 anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG) in serum or plasma, allowing for the short- to intermediate-term monitoring of glycemic control in patients with diabetes. When 1,5 AG values decrease, serum glucose levels increase. (NCT00548808)
Timeframe: Baseline, 16 weeks, 32 weeks, 48 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (Least Squares Mean)
Week 16 Change from BaselineWeek 32 Change from BaselineWeek 48 Change from Baseline
Insulin Glargine3.554.564.89
Insulin Lispro LM3.324.695.24

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7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose Profiles

(NCT00548808)
Timeframe: Baseline, 16 weeks, 32 weeks, 48 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
Morning Pre-Meal BaselineMorning Postprandial Meal BaselineMidday Pre-Meal BaselineMidday Postprandial Meal BaselineEvening Pre-Meal BaselineEvening Postprandial Meal Baseline0300 Hours BaselineMorning Pre-Meal Week 16Morning Postprandial Meal Week 16Midday Pre-Meal Week 16Midday Postprandial Meal Week 16Evening Pre-Meal Week 16Evening Postprandial Meal Week 160300 Hours Week 16Morning Pre-Meal Week 32Morning Postprandial Meal Week 32Midday Pre-Meal Week 32Midday Postprandial Meal Week 32Evening Pre-Meal Week 32Evening Postprandial Meal Week 320300 Hours Week 32Morning Pre-Meal Week 48Morning Postprandial Meal Week 48Midday Pre-Meal Week 48Midday Postprandial Meal Week 48Evening Pre-Meal Week 48Evening Postprandial Meal Week 480300 Hours Week 48
Insulin Glargine10.0413.7010.6212.7010.6512.8010.126.559.557.649.587.819.807.016.218.736.908.867.508.966.756.378.856.998.887.338.906.56
Insulin Lispro LM9.9213.6410.3612.7710.3912.5910.097.049.797.9410.138.529.357.156.628.806.939.337.718.626.636.748.797.019.257.338.746.53

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Change From Baseline to 48 Week Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

(NCT00548808)
Timeframe: Baseline, 48 weeks

Interventionpercent (%) glycated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro LM-1.91
Insulin Glargine-1.87

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Endpoint (LOCF)

(NCT00560417)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

Interventionkilograms (Mean)
ILPS0.27
Glargine0.66

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Total Daily Insulin Dose at Endpoint (LOCF)

(NCT00560417)
Timeframe: Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

InterventionUnits of Insulin (Mean)
ILPS31.11
Glargine37.93

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7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles at Baseline and Endpoint (LOCF)

SMBG at morning pre-meal, morning post-prandial, midday pre-meal, midday post-prandial, evening pre-meal, evening postprandial, 0300 hours. Post-prandial glucose is measured 2 hours after the start of the meal. (NCT00560417)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline Morning Pre-MealBaseline Morning PostprandialBaseline Midday Pre-MealBaseline Midday PostprandialBaseline Evening Pre-MealBaseline Evening PostprandialBaseline 0300 HoursBaseline Daily Mean 7-Point Blood GlucoseBaseline Daily Mean Pre-MealBaseline Daily Mean PostprandialEndpoint Morning Pre-MealEndpoint Morning PostprandialEndpoint Midday Pre-MealEndpoint Midday PostprandialEndpoint Evening Pre-MealEndpoint Evening PostprandialEndpoint 0300 HoursEndpoint Daily Mean 7-Point Blood GlucoseEndpoint Daily Mean Pre-MealEndpoint Daily Mean Postprandial
Glargine180.86190.84166.34200.25175.14184.92172.00180.72172.66191.27127.01137.39129.71155.26135.93144.25127.53136.17129.32146.12
ILPS175.41195.31165.18193.22173.33189.00170.51180.19170.60192.37129.63152.32132.84161.77146.03159.14123.96143.06135.51158.10

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Actual Hemoglobin A1C at 24 Weeks and Endpoint (LOCF)

Least squares mean values were controlled for Baseline + Baseline HbA1c Group + Baseline SU Group. (NCT00560417)
Timeframe: 24 weeks, Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

,
Interventionpercent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
24 weeksEndpoint (LOCF)
Glargine6.706.78
ILPS6.947.00

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) at Endpoint (Last Observation Carried Forward [LOCF])

Least squares mean values were controlled for Baseline + Baseline HbA1c Group + Baseline sulfonylurea (SU) Group. (NCT00560417)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

,
Interventionpercent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
BaselineEndpoint (LOCF) Change
Glargine8.47-1.43
ILPS8.48-1.21

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1C at 24 Weeks and Endpoint (LOCF)

Least squares mean values were controlled for Baseline + Baseline HbA1c Group + Baseline SU Group. (NCT00560417)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 Weeks, Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

,
Interventionpercent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline24 Weeks ChangeEndpoint (LOCF) Change
Glargine8.47-1.49-1.43
ILPS8.48-1.25-1.21

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Percentage of Participants With Hemoglobin A1C Less Than 7.0% and Hemoglobin A1C Less Than or Equal to 6.5%

(NCT00560417)
Timeframe: Weeks 12, 18, 24 and Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

,
Interventionpercent of participants (Number)
Week 12: HbA1c <7.0%Week 12: HbA1c <=6.5%Week 18: HbA1c <7.0%Week 18: HbA1c <=6.5%Week 24: HbA1c <7.0%Week 24: HbA1c <=6.5%Endpoint (LOCF): HbA1c <7.0%Endpoint (LOCF): HbA1c <=6.5%
Glargine50.728.769.137.663.439.961.738.9
ILPS46.924.854.830.855.429.753.728.4

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Glycemic Variability at Baseline and Endpoint (LOCF)

Glycemic variability was defined as the standard deviation (SD) of a participant's intra-day 7-point, self-monitored, blood glucose. Mean SD was calculated based on the SD for each participant in the study. (NCT00560417)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineEndpoint
Glargine39.0230.96
ILPS41.1536.78

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Actual Body Weight at Baseline and Endpoint (LOCF)

(NCT00560417)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

,
Interventionkilograms (Mean)
BaselineEndpoint
Glargine102.62103.28
ILPS101.57101.85

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Incidence of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (All, Non-Nocturnal, Nocturnal, and Severe)

Overall:any time after randomization.Episode:any time patient experienced sign/symptom associated with hypoglycemia, or had blood glucose level ≤70 mg/dL. Non-nocturnal:any episode that occurred between waking and bedtime. Nocturnal:any episode that occurred between bedtime and waking.Severe:episode with symptoms consistent with neuroglycopenia in which patient requires assistance,and is associated with:blood glucose value <50 mg/dL or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, glucagon, or intravenous glucose.Incidence(%)=(Number of patients experiencing episodes/number of patients in arm)*100. (NCT00560417)
Timeframe: Baseline to Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
All Reported - EndpointAll Reported - OverallNon-Nocturnal - EndpointNon-Nocturnal - OverallNocturnal - EndpointNocturnal - OverallSevere - EndpointSevere - Overall
Glargine43.174.940.170.711.437.100
ILPS41.870.630.662.421.847.601.8

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Rate of All, Non-Nocturnal, and Nocturnal Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes (Adjusted for One Year)

Rate of self-reported hypoglycemic episodes, all, non-nocturnal, and nocturnal, at Endpoint (LOCF) and overall. Rate is reported as episodes/participant/365 days. Episode = any time participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia or has a blood glucose level of ≤70 mg/dL, even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment. Overall=any time during the post-randomization visits within the study period. Nocturnal=Any episode that occurs between bedtime and waking. Non-Nocturnal=Any episode that occurs between waking and bedtime. (NCT00560417)
Timeframe: Baseline to Endpoint (LOCF) up to 24 weeks

,
Interventionepisodes/participant/365 days (Mean)
All reported episodes rate - EndpointAll reported episodes rate - OverallNon-Nocturnal reported episodes rate - EndpointNon-Nocturnal reported episodes rate - OverallNocturnal reported episodes rate - EndpointNocturnal reported episodes rate - Overall
Glargine15.2918.0513.2014.831.733.01
ILPS14.5116.2710.4011.364.014.88

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Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate

measuring the changes in glucose infusion rate during the 24 hour experimental period. (NCT00574912)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionumol/kg/min (Mean)
Placebo0.3
0.5 Units of Glargine/kg2.6
1.0 Units of Glargine/kg5.5
1.5 Units of Glargine/kg6.8
2.0 Units of Glargine/kg9.5

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Mean Blood Glucose Concentration in mg/dL While on the Insulin Drip Among the 2 Groups

To determine the differences in glycemic control as measured by differences in the mean daily blood glucose levels between treatment groups (insulin drip with regular insulin vs glulisine insulin) during the acute phase of diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA) before transitioning to subcutaneous insulin. The results were obtained from the citation Umpierrez GE, Jones S, Smiley D, Mulligan P, Keyler T, Temponi A, Semakula C, Umpierrez D, Peng L, Cerón M, Robalino G. Insulin analogs versus human insulin in the treatment of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jul;32(7):1164-9. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0169. Epub 2009 Apr 14. PubMed ID: 19366972. (NCT00590044)
Timeframe: up to 20 hours

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Glargine (Lantus) + Glulisine153
NPH + Regular185

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Difference in Time in Hours to Resolution of DKA Between the 2 Groups

The mean duration of treatment until resolution of ketoacidosis is measured and compared between the 2 groups. The DKA was considered resolved when blood glucose was 250 mg/dl, the serum bicarbonate level was <18 mmol/l, and venous phenol hydroxylase (pH) was 7.30. The results were obtained from the citation Umpierrez GE, Jones S, Smiley D, Mulligan P, Keyler T, Temponi A, Semakula C, Umpierrez D, Peng L, Cerón M, Robalino G. Insulin analogs versus human insulin in the treatment of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jul;32(7):1164-9. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0169. Epub 2009 Apr 14. PubMed ID: 19366972. (NCT00590044)
Timeframe: up to 20 hours

Interventionhours (Mean)
Glargine (Lantus) + Glulisine8.9
NPH + Regular10.5

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Mean Daily Blood Glucose Concentration Between the Two Groups After the Resolution of Ketoacidosis and Transition to Subcutaneous Insulin

The primary outcome during the subcutaneous (SC) period (the primary outcome measurement) was to determine differences in glycemic control as measured by mean daily blood glucose(BG) concentration between treatment groups. The results were obtained from the citation Umpierrez GE, Jones S, Smiley D, Mulligan P, Keyler T, Temponi A, Semakula C, Umpierrez D, Peng L, Cerón M, Robalino G. Insulin analogs versus human insulin in the treatment of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jul;32(7):1164-9. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0169. Epub 2009 Apr 14. PubMed Identification (ID): 19366972. (NCT00590044)
Timeframe: Day1 - Day5 after the resolution of ketoacidosis and transition to subcutaneous insulin

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Day 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5
Glargine (Lantus) + Glulisine213220180158124
NPH + Regular188206207211190

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Number of Hypoglycemia Episodes After the Transition Period From Intravenous Insulin to Subcutaneous Insulin Between 2 Treatment Groups

To determine the safety of the two treatments the number of hypoglycemia episodes that occurred between the 2 groups are measured from the time of transitioning to subcutaneous insulin to day 5. The hypoglycemia events are defined as blood glucose levels <70 mg/dL. The results were obtained from the citation Umpierrez GE, Jones S, Smiley D, Mulligan P, Keyler T, Temponi A, Semakula C, Umpierrez D, Peng L, Cerón M, Robalino G. Insulin analogs versus human insulin in the treatment of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jul;32(7):1164-9. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0169. Epub 2009 Apr 14. PubMed ID: 19366972. (NCT00590044)
Timeframe: 5 days after transitioning to subcutaneous insulin

Interventionnumber of hypoglycemia episodes (Number)
Insulin Glargine+Glulisine8
Split-mixed NPH + Regular Insulin26

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# Participants With Hypoglycemic Events

number of participants in the treatment arms with of hypoglycemic events (< 70 mg/dl) (NCT00596687)
Timeframe: hospital stay days 2-10

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Basal Bolus24
SSRI5

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Mean Blood Glucose Concentration

blood glucose concentration in the intervention groups after second day of treatment to up to 10 days of treatment (NCT00596687)
Timeframe: hospital stay days 2-10

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Basal Bolus145
SSRI172

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Severe Hypoglycemia

Blood glucose less than 40 mg/dl (NCT00609986)
Timeframe: 30 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intensive7
Control2

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Severe Hyperglycemia

Blood glucose greater than 350 mg/dl. (NCT00609986)
Timeframe: 30 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intensive5
Control12

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Delayed Graft Function

Need for dialysis in the first week post-transplant in a patient who required dialysis pre-transplantation or day-10 post-transplant creatinine concentration above 2.5 mg/dl. (NCT00609986)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intensive8
Control12

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Acute/Active Rejection

Grades IA through III and antibody immediate rejection, either A (immediate or hyperacute) or B (delayed or accelerated acute) were diagnosed and classified based on renal allograft biopsies according to the Banff 97 Working Classification of Renal Allograph Pathology. (NCT00609986)
Timeframe: 30 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intensive9
Control2

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Vital Signs: Pulse

Mean values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

,,,
Interventionbeats/minute (Mean)
Week 0 (Baseline), N=57, 59, 62, 61Week 16, N=55, 55, 60, 56
IGlar7674
SIBA (D)7977
SIBA (D) M, W, F7979
SIBA (E)7978

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Vital Signs: Diastolic Blood Pressure (BP)

Mean values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

,,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 0 (Baseline), N=57, 59, 62, 61Week 16, N=55, 55, 60, 56
IGlar7977
SIBA (D)8179
SIBA (D) M, W, F8078
SIBA (E)8282

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Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Severity assessed by investigator. Mild: no or transient symptoms, no interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate: marked symptoms, moderate interference with subject's daily activities. Severe: considerable interference with subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious AE: AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up

,,,
InterventionEvents/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
Adverse events (AEs)Serious AEsSevere AEsModerate AEsMild AEsFatal
IGlar6220281414520
SIBA (D)5946121144680
SIBA (D) M, W, F488501103790
SIBA (E)430061023230

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Rate of Nocturnal Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of nocturnal major and minor hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Episodes were defined as nocturnal if the time of onset was between 23:00 (included) and 05:59 (included). (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up

,,,
InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
MajorMinor
IGlar00
SIBA (D)06
SIBA (D) M, W, F617
SIBA (E)012

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Rate of Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of major and minor hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up

,,,
InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
MajorMinor
IGlar0113
SIBA (D)089
SIBA (D) M, W, F6221
SIBA (E)060

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Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Serum Creatinine

Mean values at Week -4 and at Week 16 (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week -4, Week 16

,,,
Interventionumol/L (Mean)
Creatinine, Week -4, N=56, 59, 62, 60Creatinine, Week 16, N=53, 53, 58, 56
IGlar72.474.2
SIBA (D)74.576.1
SIBA (D) M, W, F73.271.5
SIBA (E)75.476.6

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Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT)

Mean values at Week -4 and at Week 16 (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week -4, Week 16

,,,
InterventionIU/L (Mean)
ALAT, Week -4, N=56, 59, 62, 60ALAT, Week 16, N=53, 53, 58, 56
IGlar32.930.0
SIBA (D)34.625.7
SIBA (D) M, W, F30.924.3
SIBA (E)29.224.7

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Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)

Mean of SMPG after 16 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 120 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 120 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 120 minutes after start of dinner, before bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week 16

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
SIBA (D)8.30
SIBA (E)8.55
SIBA (D) M, W, F8.45
IGlar8.42

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Vital Signs: Systolic Blood Pressure (BP)

Mean values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

,,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 0 (Baseline), N=57, 59, 62, 61Week 16, N=55, 55, 60, 56
IGlar127128
SIBA (D)129126
SIBA (D) M, W, F129126
SIBA (E)131131

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Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT)

Mean values at Week -4 and at Week 16 (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week -4, Week 16

,,,
InterventionIU/L (Mean)
ASAT, Week -4, N=56, 59, 62, 60ASAT, Week 16, N=53, 53, 58, 56
IGlar24.224.1
SIBA (D)26.723.3
SIBA (D) M, W, F23.921.7
SIBA (E)22.521.8

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 16 weeks of treatment (NCT00611884)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
SIBA (D)-1.26
SIBA (E)-1.28
SIBA (D) M, W, F-1.46
IGlar-1.49

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Vital Signs: Pulse

Values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

,,
Interventionbeats/minute (Mean)
Week 0 (Baseline), N=60, 59, 59Week 16, N=60, 57, 57
IGlar7372
SIBA (D)7474
SIBA (E)7272

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Vital Signs: Systolic BP (Blood Pressure)

Values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 0 (Baseline), N=60, 59, 59Week 16, N=60, 57, 57
IGlar124123
SIBA (D)124122
SIBA (E)126125

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 16 weeks of treatment (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
SIBA (D)-0.54
SIBA (E)-0.57
IGlar-0.62

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Change from baseline in FPG (expressed in mmol/L, 1 mg/dL = 18times mmol/L) after 16 weeks of treatment (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
SIBA (D)-2.06
SIBA (E)-1.60
IGlar-0.54

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Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)

Estimate of the overall mean of SMPG (expressed in mmol/L, 1 mg/dL = 18times mmol/L) after 16 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 120 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 120 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 120 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week 16

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
SIBA (D)9.27
SIBA (E)9.56
IGlar9.04

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Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT)

Laboratory values at screening (Week -1) and at Week 16 (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week -1, Week 16

,,
InterventionIU/L (Mean)
Week -1 , N=60, 59, 59Week 16 , N=55, 53, 54
IGlar23.123.1
SIBA (D)25.525.0
SIBA (E)22.721.2

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Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT)

Laboratory values at screening (Week -1) and at Week 16 (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week -1, Week 16

,,
InterventionIU/L (Mean)
Week -1, N=60, 59, 59Week 16, N=55, 53, 54
IGlar23.323.9
SIBA (D)22.823.3
SIBA (E)21.721.6

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Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Serum Creatinine

Laboratory values at screening (Week -1) and at Week 16 (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week -1, Week 16

,,
Interventionumol/L (Mean)
Week -1 , N=60, 59, 59Week 16 , N=55, 53, 54
IGlar77.677.9
SIBA (D)77.277.2
SIBA (E)76.675.9

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Rate of Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of major and minor hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up

,,
InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
MajorMinor
IGlar366637
SIBA (D)465838
SIBA (E)415305

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Rate of Nocturnal Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of nocturnal major and minor hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Episodes were defined as nocturnal if the time of onset was between 23:00 (included) and 06:00 (excluded). (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up

,,
InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
MajorMinor
IGlar181082
SIBA (D)17769
SIBA (E)12546

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Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Severity assessed by investigator. Mild: no or transient symptoms, no interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate: marked symptoms, moderate interference with subject's daily activities. Severe: considerable interference with subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious AE: AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up

,,
InterventionEvents/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
Adverse events (AEs)Serious AEsSevere AEsModerate AEsMild AEsFatal AEs
IGlar914663975110
SIBA (D)653662024450
SIBA (E)87412292465990

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Vital Signs: Diastolic BP (Blood Pressure)

Values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00612040)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 0 (Baseline), N=60, 59, 59Week 16, N=60, 57, 57
IGlar7474
SIBA (D)7676
SIBA (E)7575

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Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT)

Values at screening (Week -4) and at Week 16 (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week -4, Week 16

,,
InterventionIU/L (Mean)
Week -4 , N=58, 59, 60Week 16 , N=54, 54, 57
Insulin Glargine33.722.3
SIAC 30 (B)31.923.9
SIAC 45 (B)29.723.2

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Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT)

Values at screening (Week -4) and at Week 16 (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week -4, Week 16

,,
InterventionIU/L (Mean)
Week -4, N=58, 59, 60Week 16, N=54, 54, 57
Insulin Glargine24.019.2
SIAC 30 (B)24.821.1
SIAC 45 (B)22.020.0

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Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Severity assessed by investigator. Mild: no or transient symptoms, no interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate: marked symptoms, moderate interference with subject's daily activities. Severe: considerable interference with subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious AE: AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up

,,
InterventionEvents/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
Adverse events (AEs)Serious AEsSevere AEsModerate AEsMild AEsFatal AEs
Insulin Glargine29500612340
SIAC 30 (B)4411161382980
SIAC 45 (B)310601231870

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Vital Signs: Systolic Blood Pressure (BP)

Values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 0 (Baseline), N=59, 59, 60Week 16, N=56, 53, 58
Insulin Glargine135129
SIAC 30 (B)135129
SIAC 45 (B)133133

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Vital Signs: Pulse

Values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

,,
Interventionbeats/minute (Mean)
Week 0 (Baseline), N=59, 59, 60Week 16, N=56, 53, 58
Insulin Glargine7571
SIAC 30 (B)7371
SIAC 45 (B)7569

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Vital Signs: Diastolic Blood Pressure (BP)

Values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 0 (Baseline), N=59, 59, 60Week 16, N=56, 53, 58
Insulin Glargine7977
SIAC 30 (B)7876
SIAC 45 (B)7877

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Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)

Mean of SMPG after 16 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 120 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 120 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 120 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week 16

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
SIAC 30 (B)8.34
SIAC 45 (B)8.31
Insulin Glargine8.42

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Laboratory Safety Parameters (Biochemistry): Serum Creatinine

Values at screening (Week -4) and at Week 16 (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week -4, Week 16

,,
Interventionumol/L (Mean)
Week -4 , N=58, 59, 60Week 16 , N=54, 54, 57
Insulin Glargine77.476.8
SIAC 30 (B)76.475.7
SIAC 45 (B)75.874.9

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Rate of Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of Major and Minor hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up

,,
InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
MajorMinor
Insulin Glargine067
SIAC 30 (B)0115
SIAC 45 (B)0240

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Rate of Nocturnal Major and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of nocturnal Major and Minor hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Episodes were defined as nocturnal if the time of onset was between 23:00 (included) and 06:00 (excluded). (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up

,,
InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
MajorMinor
Insulin Glargine017
SIAC 30 (B)06
SIAC 45 (B)0158

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Change from baseline in FPG after 16 weeks of treatment (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
SIAC 30 (B)-4.30
SIAC 45 (B)-4.10
Insulin Glargine-5.07

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 16 weeks of treatment (NCT00614055)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
SIAC 30 (B)-1.31
SIAC 45 (B)-1.46
Insulin Glargine-1.29

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Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <=6.5% at Week 26

Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <=6.5% at Week 26 (for patients with HbA1c >6.5% at baseline) (NCT00641056)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Exenatide Once Weekly43.2
Insulin Glargine28.4

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Change in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG) From Baseline to Week 26

Change in FSG (mmol/L) from Baseline to Week 26 (NCT00641056)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly-2.13
Insulin Glargine-2.76

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26

Change in HbA1c from baseline to Week 26 (NCT00641056)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly-1.47
Insulin Glargine-1.31

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Change in High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL) From Baseline to Week 26

Change in HDL (mmol/L) from Baseline to Week 26 (NCT00641056)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly-0.00
Insulin Glargine0.01

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Change in Total Cholesterol From Baseline to Week 26

Change in Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) from Baseline to Week 26 (NCT00641056)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly-0.12
Insulin Glargine-0.04

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Change in Body Weight (BW) From Baseline to Week 26

Change in BW (kg) from Baseline to Week 26 (NCT00641056)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly-2.63
Insulin Glargine1.42

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Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c <=7.0% at Week 26

Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <=7.0% at Week 26 (for patients with HbA1c >7% at baseline) (NCT00641056)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Exenatide Once Weekly62.2
Insulin Glargine54.1

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Change in Blood Pressure From Baseline to Week 26

Change in Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) from Baseline to Week 26 (NCT00641056)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Systolic Blood PressureDiastolic Blood Pressure
Exenatide Once Weekly-3.03-1.15
Insulin Glargine-0.63-0.72

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Ratio of Triglycerides at Week 26 to Baseline

Ratio of Triglycerides (measured in mmol/L) at Week 26 to Baseline. Log (Postbaseline Triglycerides) - log (Baseline Triglycerides); change from baseline to endpoint is presented as ratio of endpoint to baseline. (NCT00641056)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly0.96
Insulin Glargine0.89

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Assessment on Event Rate of Treatment-emergent Hypoglycemic Episodes

Major hypoglycemia: any episode with symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia that resulted in loss of consciousness or seizure with prompt recovery in response to administration of glucagon or glucose or documented hypoglycemia (blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L [54 mg/dL]) and required the assistance of another person. Minor hypoglycemia: any time a patient felt that he or she was experiencing a sign or symptom of hypoglycemia that was self-treated or resolved on its own and had a blood glucose level <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) and not classified as major hypoglycemia. (NCT00641056)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

,,,
Interventionrate per subject-year (Mean)
Major HypoglycemiaMinor Hypoglycemia
Exenatide Once Weekly No SU0.010.10
Exenatide Once Weekly With SU0.001.14
Insulin Glargine No SU0.010.63
Insulin Glargine With SU0.032.66

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Calories Consumed After Fast.

Total energy ingested following the 24 hour fast. (NCT00659165)
Timeframe: Measured after a 24 hour fast, after treatment with study insulin for at least 3 weeks

Interventionkcal (Mean)
Insulin Detemir1418
Insulin Glargine1357

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Baseline Adjusted Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Endpoint

Least Squares Mean (LSMean) values were adjusted based on a fixed effect linear regression model: HbA1c = Treatment + Country + HbA1c baseline value + Ramadan holiday between Visit 10 (Week 36) and Visit 12 (Week 48) (yes/no) in per-protocol (PP) population. (NCT00664534)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Glargine7.55
Premix Insulin Lispro7.40

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Rate Per 30 Days of All Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes

The hypoglycemia rate between two visits will be calculated as the total number of episodes between the two visits divided by the number of days between the visits, and then multiplied by 30 days (rate per patient per 30 days). (NCT00664534)
Timeframe: Baseline to 48 weeks

Interventionepisodes per 30 days (Mean)
Glargine0.67
Premix Insulin Lispro0.79

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7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose Profiles

(NCT00664534)
Timeframe: 16 weeks, 32 weeks and 48 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Week 16 Before Breakfast (n=142, n=145)Week 32 Before Breakfast (n=126, n=130)Week 48 Before Breakfast (n=123, n=130)Week 16 After Breakfast (n=136, n=138)Week 32 After Breakfast (n=123, n=127)Week 48 After Breakfast (n=120, n=129)Week 16 Before Lunch (n=143, n=145)Week 32 Before Lunch (n=128, n=132)Week 48 Before Lunch (n=121, n=129)Week 16 After Lunch (n=138, n=140)Week 32 After Lunch (n=127, n=130)Week 48 After Lunch (n=120, n=126)Week 16 Before Dinner (n=143, n=145)Week 32 Before Dinner (n=129, n=132)Week 48 Before Dinner (n=120, n=129)Week 16 After Dinner (n=140, n=141)Week 32 After Dinner (n=128, n=131)Week 48 After Dinner (n=120, n=126)Week 16 at 0300 Hours (n=114, n=120)Week 32 at 0300 Hours (n=105, n=106)Week 48 at 0300 Hours (n=104, n=107)
Glargine6.946.656.799.128.658.887.337.007.149.328.348.587.847.317.559.688.648.877.346.946.94
Premix Insulin Lispro7.367.206.949.929.168.947.667.256.869.378.698.347.927.397.199.038.508.097.226.806.57

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HbA1c Over Time

Least Squares Mean (LSMean) values were adjusted based on a mixed effect linear regression model with a participant specific random effect: HbA1c = Treatment + Country + HbA1c baseline value + Ramadan holiday between Visit 10 (Week 36) and Visit 12 (Week 48) (yes/no) + visit + visit*treatment in Full Analysis Set (FAS) Population. (NCT00664534)
Timeframe: 16 weeks, 32 weeks, and 48 weeks

,
Interventionpercent glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
16 weeks (n=142,n=140)32 weeks (n=119, n=121)48 weeks (n=115,n=125)
Glargine7.577.437.40
Premix Insulin Lispro7.627.467.33

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Mean Daily Total, Basal and Prandial Insulin Dose

(NCT00664534)
Timeframe: 16 weeks, 32 weeks and 48 weeks

,
InterventionInternational Units per day (IU/day) (Mean)
Week 16 Total Daily Insulin (N=156, N=155)Week 32 Total Daily Insulin (N=135, N=140)Week 48 Total Daily Insulin (N=130, N=137)Week 16 Basal Insulin (N=156, N=155)Week 32 Basal Insulin (N=135, N=140)Week 48 Basal Insulin (N=130, N=137)Week 16 Prandial Insulin (N=156, N=155)Week 32 Prandial Insulin (N=135, N=140)Week 48 Prandial Insulin (N=130, N=137)
Glargine29.9440.8046.4525.5330.0531.524.4110.7514.94
Premix Insulin Lispro26.9438.4546.2017.9725.0630.128.9713.3916.07

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Mean Postprandial Blood Glucose Values

Mean postprandial blood glucose values were assessed using GlycoMark, which is an FDA-approved blood test measuring levels of 1,5 anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG) in serum or plasma. When 1,5 AG values decrease, serum glucose levels increase. (NCT00664534)
Timeframe: Baseline, 16 weeks, 32 weeks and 48 weeks

,
Interventionmicrogram per milliliter (µg/mL) (Mean)
Baseline (N=160, N=158)Week 16 (N=143, N=141)Week 32 (N=125, N=123)Week 48 (N=119, N=125)
Glargine6.259.6910.5410.90
Premix Insulin Lispro5.699.5210.8111.41

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Body Weight Change From Baseline to Endpoint

(NCT00664534)
Timeframe: baseline, 48 weeks

Interventionkilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Glargine2.70
Premix Insulin Lispro2.61

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events

"A summary of serious adverse events (SAEs) and all other non-serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) is located in the Reported Adverse Event Module.~TEAEs are defined as events that are newly reported after randomization or reported to worsen in severity from baseline." (NCT00664534)
Timeframe: Baseline to 48 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
SAETEAE
Glargine353
Premix Insulin Lispro752

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Percentage of Participants Using Each Possible Final Insulin Regimen

"Insulin Regimens:~Lispro: Mid-Mix (MM) before noon; Low-Mix (LM) before evening (PM); MM before noon+LM before PM; LM before morning (AM)+MM before noon + LM before PM; MM before AM +MM before noon+LM before PM Glargine: Glargine once a day (QD); Glargine QD + 1 Lispro (noon or PM); Glargine QD + 2 Lispro (noon and PM); Glargine QD + 3 Lispro." (NCT00664534)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
MM before noonLM before PMMM before noon+LM before PMLM before AM+MM before noon+LM before PMMM before AM+MM before noon+LM before PMGlargine QDGlargine QD+1 Lispro (noon or PM)Glargine QD+2 Lispro (noon and PM)Glargine QD+3 LisproOther (not specified)
Glargine00000592730140
Premix Insulin Lispro15334236700004

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Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5% and Less Than or Equal to 7% Over Time

(NCT00664534)
Timeframe: 16 weeks, 32 weeks and 48 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 16 HbA1c <=7.0% (n=157, n=155)Week 16 HbA1c <=6.5% (n=157, n=155)Week 32 HbA1c <=7.0% (n=137, n=141)Week 32 HbA1c <=6.5% (n=137, n=141)Week 48 HbA1c <=7.0% (n=130, n=137)Week 48 HbA1c <=6.5% (n=130, n=137)
Glargine24.214.632.119.036.218.5
Premix Insulin Lispro30.318.737.620.648.224.8

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Incidence of All Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes

Percentage of participants with self-reported hypoglycemic episodes at any time during the study. A hypoglycemic episode is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia, or has a blood glucose level of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) (Roche plasma glucose) or ≤75 mg/dL (4.2 mmol/L) (IFCC Plasma Values), even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment consistent with current guidelines (ADA 2005). (NCT00664534)
Timeframe: Baseline to 48 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Glargine60.1
Premix Insulin Lispro64.5

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7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose Profiles (SMBG) at Endpoint

LSMean values presented were controlled for treatment, country, and baseline HbA1C value. SMBG at morning pre-meal, morning postprandial, midday pre-meal, midday postprandial, evening pre-meal, evening postprandial, 0300 hours. Postprandial glucose is measured 2 hours after the start of the meal. (NCT00666718)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Morning Pre-MealMorning PostprandialMidday Pre-MealMidday PostprandialEvening Pre-MealEvening Postprandial0300 Hours
Glargine8.268.938.199.118.809.278.16
ILPS8.639.197.909.588.759.738.30

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 12 and Week 24

LSMean values presented were controlled for treatment, country, baseline HbA1C value and week. (NCT00666718)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24

,
InterventionPercent of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Week 12 Change (n=172, n=168)Week 24 Change (n=170, n=166)
Glargine-0.99-1.29
ILPS-0.90-1.07

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Glycemic Variability at Endpoint

LSMeans were controlled for treatment and country grouping (Mediterranean, rest of Europe). Glycemic variability was assessed as the standard deviations of 4 fasting SMBG samples, 4 post-breakfast measurements, 4 post-lunch measurements, 4 post-evening meal measurements. (NCT00666718)
Timeframe: Week 24

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
FastingPost-breakfastPost-lunchPost-dinner
Glargine0.861.561.611.43
ILPS0.951.641.511.40

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Number of Injections of Insulin at Week 24

(NCT00666718)
Timeframe: Week 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
2 to <3 per day3 to <4 per day≥4 per day
Glargine81294
ILPS101021

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE)

A listing of adverse events is located in the Reported Adverse Event module. (NCT00666718)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 24

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
AEsSerious adverse events (SAE)
Glargine819
ILPS6514

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Less Than 7.0% and Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at Endpoint

(NCT00666718)
Timeframe: Week 24

,
InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
HbA1c < 7.0%HbA1c <= 6.5%
Glargine5024
ILPS3614

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Percentage of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Episodes

Episode=any time a patient feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia or has a blood glucose level of ≤70 mg/dL, even if not associated with signs,symptoms, or treatment. Overall=any time post-randomization visits in the study period. Nocturnal=Episode that occurs between bedtime and waking. Non-Nocturnal=Episode occurring between waking and bedtime. Severe=episode with symptoms of neuroglycopenia in which patient requires assistance,and has blood glucose value <50 mg/dL or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, glucagon, or intravenous glucose. (NCT00666718)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
>=1 hypoglycemic episode>=1 nocturnal hypoglycemic episode>=1 non-nocturnal hypoglycemic episode>=1 severe hypoglycemic episode
Glargine63.619.361.00.5
ILPS56.125.754.01.6

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Rate Of All Self-reported Hypoglycemic Episodes

Rate of self-reported hypoglycemic episodes, all, non-nocturnal,and nocturnal, severe, documented ≤3.9 mmol/L and ≤3.0 mmol/L. Rate=episodes/30 days/patient/. Episode=any time a patient has a symptom associated with hypoglycemia or blood glucose level of ≤70 mg/dL,even if not associated with symptoms.Overall=any time post-randomization in the study period. Nocturnal=Episode between bedtime and waking. Non-Nocturnal=Episode between waking and bedtime.Severe:episode in which patient requires assistance,and has glucose <50 mg/dL or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, glucagon, or IV glucose. (NCT00666718)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 24

,
Interventionepisode/30 days/participant (Least Squares Mean)
All reported episodes rateNocturnal reported episodes rateNon-Nocturnal reported episodes rateSevere reported episodes rateDocumented <=3.9 millimoles per liter(mmol/L) rateDocumented <=3.0 mmol/L rate
Glargine1.380.191.1600.890.13
ILPS0.840.150.7100.490.12

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Week 24

LSMean values presented were controlled for treatment, country, and baseline HbA1C value. (NCT00666718)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionKilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Glargine1.19
ILPS1.03

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to Week 24

Least Squares Mean (LSMean) values reported in the table were controlled for treatment, country, and baseline HbA1c value. (NCT00666718)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionPercent of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Glargine-1.28
ILPS-1.18

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Total Daily Insulin Dose at Endpoint

LSMean values presented were controlled for treatment, country, and baseline HbA1C value. (NCT00666718)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionUnits (Least Squares Mean)
Glargine78.05
ILPS80.23

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Occurrence of the Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE)

"MACE:~Cardiac death, New onset or worsening congestive heart failure (>24 h post-admission) event evaluating using New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or greater Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, Severe arrhythmia, Stroke/TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack), Cardiogenic shock, Catheterization/revascularization, Unstable angina leading to hospitalisation" (NCT00670228)
Timeframe: At Day 60

,
Interventionevents (Number)
Severe arrhythmiaShockRevascularizationNew onset or worsening of congestive heart failureMyocardial Infarction (MI)Death
Intensive Insulin Therapy (IIT)701111
Standard Glycemic Care (SGC)210001

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Left Ventricular (LV) Function Evaluated by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Due to study early termination and the limited number of randomized subjects, descriptive statistics for the Day 3 Ejection Fraction were selected for presentation instead of for Day 60 as initially planned. (NCT00670228)
Timeframe: At Day 3

Interventionpercentage of Ejection Fraction (Mean)
Intensive Insulin Therapy (IIT)43.08
Standard Glycemic Care (SGC)43.43

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Infarct Size Absolute Change From Baseline at Day 60

Infarct size is measured by cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as the percentage of Left Ventricular (LV) mass. (NCT00670228)
Timeframe: From baseline at Day 60

Interventionpercentage of LV mass change (Mean)
Intensive Insulin Therapy (IIT)-7.84
Standard Glycemic Care (SGC)-15.72

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Biomarkers of Inflammation Measurement: CRP (C-Reactive Protein)

(NCT00670228)
Timeframe: At Day 60

Interventionmg/L (Mean)
Intensive Insulin Therapy (IIT)2.52
Standard Glycemic Care (SGC)2.96

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Frequency of Glucose Readings < 130 mg/dL

Frequency of glucose readings below the recommended pre-meal glucose target of 130 mg/dL (NCT00686712)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercentage of readings (Mean)
1 - Insulin Glargine QHS61.7
2 - Insulin Glargine QAM73.0
3 - NPH Insulin QHS72.6

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Frequency of Total Hypoglycemic Reactions

Frequency of hypoglycemic reactions without regard to time of occurrence (NCT00686712)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionHypoglycemic events per patient (Mean)
1 - Insulin Glargine QHS6.7
2 - Insulin Glargine QAM9.6
3 - NPH Insulin QHS8.2

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Hemoglobin A1c Change From Baseline

(NCT00686712)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 months

InterventionPercent (Mean)
Insulin Glargine at Bedtime-1.3
Insulin Glargine in AM-1.9
NPH Insulin-1.4

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Total Daily Insulin Dose

Total daily number of units of insulin used (NCT00686712)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionUnits of insulin per day (Mean)
1 - Insulin Glargine QHS17.7
2 - Insulin Glargine QAM17.9
3 - NPH Insulin QHS14.6

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Body Mass Index Change From Baseline

Change in body mass index from baseline BMI measurement (NCT00686712)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionkg per square meter (Mean)
1 - Insulin Glargine QHS0.7
2 - Insulin Glargine QAM1.1
3 - NPH Insulin QHS0.0

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Frequency of Severe Hypoglycemic Reactions

Frequency of severe hypoglycemic reactions, defined as those requiring the assistance of another person (NCT00686712)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionSevere hypoglycemic events (Number)
1 - Insulin Glargine QHS0
2 - Insulin Glargine QAM0
3 - NPH Insulin QHS0

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Any Adverse Event Other Than Hypoglycemia

Any reported adverse event that is not hypoglycemia (NCT00686712)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionEvents (Number)
1 - Insulin Glargine QHS1
2 - Insulin Glargine QAM2
3 - NPH Insulin QHS1

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Hemoglobin A1c Change From Baseline

(NCT00687453)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 months

InterventionPercent glycated hemoglobin (Mean)
Insulin Glargine at Bedtime-0.8
NPH Twice-daily-1.0

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Frequency of Severe Hypoglycemic Reactions

(NCT00687453)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionEvents (Number)
Insulin Glargine at Bedtime0
NPH Twice-daily0

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Frequency of Pre-supper Glucose Readings 130 mg/dL or Less, Change From Baseline

(NCT00687453)
Timeframe: 6 months

Intervention% of readings, change from baseline (Mean)
Insulin Glargine at Bedtime38.0
NPH Twice-daily7.5

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Total Daily Insulin Dose

(NCT00687453)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months

InterventionUnits per day, change from baseline (Mean)
Insulin Glargine at Bedtime-0.1
NPH Twice-daily20.5

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Body Mass Index Change From Baseline

(NCT00687453)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months

Interventionkg/m^2 (Mean)
Insulin Glargine Injected at Bedtime0.2
NPH Insulin Injected Twice-daily0.3

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Frequency of Total Hypoglycemic Reactions

(NCT00687453)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionEvents (Number)
Insulin Glargine at Bedtime55
NPH Twice-daily28

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Any Adverse Event Other Than Hypoglycemia

(NCT00687453)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionEvents (Number)
Insulin Glargine at Bedtime2
NPH Twice-daily1

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Glucagon

Mean glucagon mcg/l during NPH or glargine (Lantus) overnight visit. Hourly glucagon was determined from 22:00 to 8:00. (NCT00694122)
Timeframe: Overnight

Interventionmcg/l (Mean)
Glargine (Lantus) Insulin58.8
NPH Insulin54.3

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Cortisol

Mean cortisol nmol/l during NPH or glargine (Lantus) overnight visit. Hourly cortisol was determined from 22:00 to 8:00. (NCT00694122)
Timeframe: Overnight

Interventionnmol/l (Mean)
Glargine (Lantus)380.45
NPH Insulin388.61

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Blood Glucose Area Under the Curve (AUC)

Cumulative sum of repeatedly measured blood glucose values (mg/dl) beginning at 22:00, then hourly till 08:00. Participants were monitored during two overnight sampling periods. One overnight was while the participant was on neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin as the long acting insulin; the other overnight was glargine (Lantus) insulin as the the long acting insulin. (NCT00694122)
Timeframe: Overnight

Interventionmg*10hr/dL (Mean)
Glargine (Lantus) Insulin1673.33
NPH Insulin1395

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Insulin Dose

NPH or glargine (Lantus) was given at 22:00 to provide blood glucose coverage during the overnight hours. (NCT00694122)
Timeframe: Overnight

Interventionunits (Mean)
Glargine (Lantus) Insulin20.2
NPH Insulin20.7

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Blood Glucose

Average value of repeatedly measured absolute values beginning at 22:00, then hourly till 08:00. Participants were monitored during two overnight sampling periods. One overnight was while the participant was on NPH insulin as the long acting insulin; the other overnight was glargine(Lantus) insulin as the the long acting insulin. (NCT00694122)
Timeframe: Overnight

Interventionmmol/l (Mean)
Glargine (Lantus) Insulin9.6
NPH Insulin7.9

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Growth Hormone

Mean growth hormone ug/l during NPH or glargine (Lantus) overnight visit. Hourly growth hormone was determined from 22:00 to 8:00. (NCT00694122)
Timeframe: Overnight

Interventionug/l (Mean)
Glargine (Lantus) Insulin1.09
NPH Insulin1.27

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c to Week 16

Change from Baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin at Week 16 (NCT00700622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Interventionpercentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
TI + Insulin Glargine-0.10
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine-0.03

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Lipid Profile: Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint

(NCT00751114)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 11 (week 12) if value not available at visit 14

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Change in Total CholesterolChange in LDL CholesterolChange in HDL CholesterolChange in Triglycerides
Insulin Glargine-7.94-3.680.13-34.07
Sitagliptin-1.54-0.190.570.31

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Insulin Dose in the Insulin Glargine Group

Daily dose at the face-to-face visits. (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: visit 4 (week 2), visit 8 (week 6), visit 11 (week 12), visit 12 (week 16), visit 14 (week 24), first dose received defined as first available value, study endpoint defined as last available value

Interventionunit per kg body weight (Mean)
First dose received N=236Visit 4 (week 2) N=230Visit 8 (week 6) N=222Visit 11 (week 12) N=219Visit 12 (week 16) N=214Visit 14 (week 24) N=220Study endpoint N=237
Insulin Glargine0.190.270.380.450.480.500.49

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7-point Plasma Glucose Profile: Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint

"7-point plasma glucose recorded before and after breakfast, before and after lunch, before and after dinner and at bedtime.~Change = study endpoint - baseline." (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 11 (week 12) if value not available at visit 14

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Before breakfast (N ig = 203 & N s = 226)After breakfast (N ig = 202 & N s = 220)Before lunch (N ig = 201 & N s = 223)After lunch (N ig = 202 & N s = 226)Before dinner (N ig = 199 & N s = 223)After dinner (N ig = 196 & N s = 220)At bedtime (N ig = 177 & N s = 210)
Insulin Glargine-59.90-66.25-48.00-45.54-40.68-45.88-45.58
Sitagliptin-20.39-36.41-19.82-26.10-25.07-33.78-31.16

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Study Endpoint

(NCT00751114)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 12 (week 16) or visit 11 (week 12) or visit 8 (week 6) depending on last available value

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine0.44
Sitagliptin-1.08

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HbA1c: Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint

Change in HbA1c from baseline to study endpoint defined as the last available HbA1c value measured during the 24-week treatment period. (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 11 (week 12) if value not available at visit 14

Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-1.72
Sitagliptin-1.13

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Self-monitored Fasting Plasma Glucose (SMFPG) Mean : Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint

"SMFPG mean = mean of the fasting plasma glucose values recorded on the 6 consecutive days before the visit (at least 3 values needed).~Study endpoint was defined as the last available SMFPG mean value collected on-treatment.~Change= study endpoint - baseline" (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 12 (week 16) or visit 11 (week 12) or visit 8 (week 6) depending on last available value

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-60.52
Sitagliptin-19.35

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Number of Patients With at Least One Episode of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from hypoglycemia confirmed or not by a plasma glucose measurement <= 70mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L] (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: During the treatment phase (24 weeks) plus 7 days after last dose

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Insulin Glargine108
Sitagliptin35

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Number of Patients With at Least One Episode of Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms which required assistance of another person and with either a Plasma Glucose level < 36 mg/dL (2 mmol/L) or with a prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: During the treatment phase (24 weeks) plus 7 days after last dose

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Insulin Glargine3
Sitagliptin1

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HbA1c Response Rate: Percentage of Patients Who Reach the Target of HbA1c < 6.5% at Study Endpoint

(NCT00751114)
Timeframe: study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 11 (week 12) if value not available at visit 14

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine40.2
Sitagliptin16.9

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HbA1c Response Rate: Percentage of Patients Who Reach the Target of HbA1c < 7% at Study Endpoint

(NCT00751114)
Timeframe: study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 11 (week 12) if value not available at visit 14

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine67.9
Sitagliptin41.9

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Change in the Fasting Plasma Glucose Level

Least squares mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose. (NCT00767000)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 14, 54, 106, and 158

,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Week 14Week 54 (no participants analyzed)Week 106 (no participants analyzed)Week 158 (no participants analyzed)
MK-0941 10 mg-10.0NANANA
MK-0941 20 mg-1.5NANANA
MK-0941 30 mg-21.1NANANA
MK-0941 40 mg-5.0NANANA
Placebo-11.8NANANA

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Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Medication Due to an Adverse Event

(NCT00767000)
Timeframe: Entire study including 54-week study and 104-week extension

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
MK-0941 10 mg3.4
MK-0941 20 mg5.1
MK-0941 30 mg6.8
MK-0941 40 mg3.1
Placebo1.7

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Change in the Two-hour Post Meal Glucose Level

Least squares mean change from baseline in 2-hour post meal glucose level. (NCT00767000)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 14, 54, 106, and 158

,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Week 14Week 54 (no participants analyzed)Week 106 (no participants analyzed)Week 158 (no participants analyzed)
MK-0941 10 mg-39.0NANANA
MK-0941 20 mg-29.2NANANA
MK-0941 30 mg-37.4NANANA
MK-0941 40 mg-39.3NANANA
Placebo-2.4NANANA

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Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Level

Least square means change from baseline in HbA1c. HbA1c represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. A negative number means reduction in HbA1c level. (NCT00767000)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 14, 54, 106, and 158

,,,,
InterventionPercent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Week 14Week 54 (no participants analyzed)Week 106 (no participants analyzed)Week 158 (no participants analyzed)
MK-0941 10 mg-0.59NANANA
MK-0941 20 mg-0.72NANANA
MK-0941 30 mg-0.89NANANA
MK-0941 40 mg-0.83NANANA
Placebo-0.08NANANA

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event

(NCT00767000)
Timeframe: Entire study including 54-week study and 104-week extension

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
MK-0941 10 mg80.7
MK-0941 20 mg79.5
MK-0941 30 mg80.3
MK-0941 40 mg65.5
Placebo65.4

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 52

The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline weight values. Weight values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with prerescue values. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionKilograms (Least Squares Mean)
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-1.05
Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea1.56

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 156

The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156

InterventionKilograms (Mean)
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-3.47
Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea0.90

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Change From Baseline (BL) in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 52

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The BL HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from BL was calculated as the value at Week 52 minus the value at BL. Based on analysis of covariance (ANCOVA): change = treatment + BL HbA1c + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. Difference of least squares means (albiglutide - insulin glargine) is from the ANCOVA model. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used to impute missing post-Baseline HbA1c values; the last non-missing post-BL on-treatment measurement was used to impute the missing measurement. HbA1c values obtained after hyperglycemic rescue were treated as missing and were replaced with pre-rescue values. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c in the blood (Least Squares Mean)
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-0.67
Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-0.79

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Number of Participants Who Achieved Clinically Meaningful HbA1c Response Levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 156

The number of participants who achieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 156) were assessed. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Week 156

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
HbA1c <6.5%HbA1c <7%HbA1c <7.5%
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea335985
Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea184671

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 52

The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline FPG values. FPG values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline FPG + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionMillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-0.87
Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-2.06

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Number of Participants Who Achieved Clinically Meaningful HbA1c Response Levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 52

The number of participants who achieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 52) were assessed. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Week 52

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
HbA1c <6.5%HbA1c <7%HbA1c <7.5%
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea54156268
Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea2578135

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 156

The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156

InterventionMillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-0.83
Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-2.19

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Albiglutide Plasma Concentrations at Week 8 and Week 24

Albiglutide plasma concentration data was analyzed at Week 8 pre-dose, Week 8 post-dose, Week 24 pre-dose and Week 24 post-dose. All participants receiving albiglutide were initiated on a 30 mg weekly dosing regimen; however, beginning at Week 4, uptitration of albiglutide was allowed based on glycemic response. As such, albiglutide plasma concentrations achieved at each sampling time represent a mixed population of participants receiving either 30 mg or 50 mg weekly for various durations. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Weeks 8 and 24

Interventionnanograms/milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Week 8, Pre-dose, n=408Week 8, Post-dose, n=398Week 24, Pre-dose, n=416Week 24, Post-dose, n=401
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea1642.831911.352159.302748.15

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Time to Hyperglycemia Rescue

Participants who experienced persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) could have qualified for hyperglycemia rescue. The conditions for hyperglycemia rescue were as follows: FPG >=280 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) between >=Week 2 and =250 mg/dL between >=Week 4 and =8.5% and a <=0.5% reduction from Baseline between >=Week 12 and =8.5% between >=Week 24 and =8.0% between >= Week 48 and NCT00838916)
Timeframe: From the start of study medication until the end of the treatment (up to Week 156)

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea107.57
Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- SulfonylureaNA

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 156

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. Baseline HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed HbA1c values, excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c in the blood (Mean)
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-0.83
Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-1.00

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Change From Baseline in Glucose Profile Measured by 24-hour Area Under Curve (AUC) at Week 52

A 24-hour glucose profile was collected at Baseline and Week 52 at a subset of sites in a subset of participants per treatment group using the continuous glucose monitoring device. Glucose measurements were obtained at 5 minute increments in the 24-hour period. The area under the curve (AUC) was determined using the trapezoidal method on the measurements obtained during the first 24 hours of continuous monitoring. This analysis used observed values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionMillimoles per hour per liter (mmol.h/L) (Mean)
Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea0.457
Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea-1.657

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HbA1c: Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint

Change = study endpoint - baseline (NCT00851903)
Timeframe: baseline, study endpoint: week 12 or earlier in case of premature discontinuation

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Combination Insulin Glargine and Sitagliptin-0.80

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Study Endpoint

Change = study endpoint - baseline (NCT00851903)
Timeframe: baseline, study endpoint: week 12 or week 8 or week 4 depending on last available value

Interventionkg (Mean)
Combination Insulin Glargine and Sitagliptin1.15

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HbA1c Response Rate: Percentage of Patients Achieving Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7% at Study Endpoint (End of Treatment Period)

(NCT00851903)
Timeframe: study endpoint: week 12 or earlier in case of premature discontinuation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Combination Insulin Glargine and Sitagliptin51.9

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Number of Patients With at Least One Episode of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from hypoglycemia confirmed or not by a plasma glucose measurement <= 70mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L] (NCT00851903)
Timeframe: During the treatment period (12 weeks) plus 7 days after last dose

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Combination Insulin Glargine and Sitagliptin40

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Self-Monitored Fasting Plasma Glucose (SMFPG) Mean : Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint

"SMFPG mean = mean of the fasting plasma glucose values recorded on the 6 consecutive days before the visit (at least 3 values needed).~Change = study endpoint - baseline." (NCT00851903)
Timeframe: baseline, study endpoint: week 12 or week 8 if value not available at week 12

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Combination Insulin Glargine and Sitagliptin-35.43

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7-point Plasma Glucose Profile: Change From Baseline to Study Endpoint

"7-point plasma glucose recorded before and after breakfast, before and after lunch, before and after dinner and at bedtime.~Change = study endpoint - baseline." (NCT00851903)
Timeframe: baseline, study endpoint: week 12 or week 8 if value not available at week 12

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Before breakfast (N=104)After breakfast (N=103)Before lunch (N=104)After lunch (N=104)Before dinner (N=103)After dinner (N=100)At bedtime (N=93)
Combination Insulin Glargine and Sitagliptin-34.2-34.1-26.6-26.5-25.1-24.9-35.2

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Insulin Dose

Daily dose at the face-to-face visits (NCT00851903)
Timeframe: baseline, week 4, week 8, week 12

Interventionunit per kg body weight (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4 N=110Week 8 N=110Week 12
Combination Insulin Glargine and Sitagliptin0.280.370.420.46

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Postprandial Glucose Excursion

A 2-hour postprandial glucose excursion was measured for 3 meals over 3 days during each treatment cycle (3 days during Week 14 of the first treatment cycle and 3 days during Week 26 of the second treatment cycle). For each of the 3 days, the mealtime (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) excursions were calculated as the post-meal glucose value minus the pre-meal value as determined by 8-point glucose monitoring. The average of all excursions over the 3 days for the corresponding treatment cycle is presented. (NCT00883558)
Timeframe: Week 14 and Week 26

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Mean)
INSULIN-PH20 NP17.23
Insulin Lispro14.47

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Time Spent With Blood Glucose Value Outside a 71-139 Milligrams Per Deciliter (mg/dL) Range During Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Participants were provided a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device, consisting of a sensor, transmitter, and receiver. Total time the participant's blood glucose was outside the 71-139 mg/dL range during 3 days of CGM during each treatment cycle (3 days during Week 14 of the first treatment cycle and 3 days during Week 26 of the second treatment cycle) is presented. (NCT00883558)
Timeframe: Week 14 and Week 26

Interventionhours (Mean)
INSULIN-PH20 NP14.58
Insulin Lispro13.37

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Number of Participants With Hypoglycemic Events

The number of participants with at least one hypoglycemic event (HE) reported during the entire study is presented. Additionally, the number of participants with severe HEs (those that necessitated administration of carbohydrate or glucagon, or resuscitation, by another person) is also presented. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT00883558)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 29

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
OverallSevere HE
Insulin Lispro430
INSULIN-PH20 NP452

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Glycaemic Control as Measured by Plasma Glucose (9-point Self-measured Profiles)

Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours after lunch, before dinner, 2 hours after dinner, bedtime and at 3 am. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Before breakfast (N=200, N=197)2 hours after breakfast (N=192, N=188)Before Lunch (N=193, N=189)2 hours After Lunch (N=194, N=186)Before Dinner (N=194, N=186)2 hours after dinner (N=192, N=190)Bedtime (N=190, N=183)At 3AM (N=193, N=186)Before Breakfast Next Day (N=197, N=195)
IDet5.89.17.29.78.210.39.56.65.7
IGlar5.98.76.68.87.59.896.35.6

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Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

(NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDet6.22
IGlar6.09

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Hypoglycaemic Episodes, Nocturnal

Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

,
Interventionepisodes (Number)
MajorMinorSymptoms only
IDet03976
IGlar03061

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"Number of Subjects Having the Adverse Event Incorrect Dose Administered"

"Number of subjects having the adverse event incorrect dose administered within the system organ class Injury, poisoning and procedural complications" (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

InterventionSubjects (Number)
IDet12
IGlar24

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline

(NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionkg (Mean)
IDet-0.49
IGlar1

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline

(NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionpercentage point change (Mean)
IDet-0.48
IGlar-0.74

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Hypoglycaemic Episodes, Diurnal

Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

,
Interventionepisodes (Number)
MajorMinorSymptoms only
IDet075128
IGlar2118222

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Hypoglycemic Episodes, Unclassifiable

Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

,
Interventionepisodes (Number)
MajorMinorSymptoms only
IDet056
IGlar0816

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Incidence of Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Trial

Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

,
Interventionepisodes (Number)
All EventsMajorMinorSymptoms only
IDet3290119210
IGlar4572156299

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5%

The percentage of subjects - overall and by previous OAD treatment - meeting the HbA1c of 6.5% or less (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage (%) of subjects (Number)
Metformin monotherapyMetformin+TZDMetformin+2nd OAD other than TZDAll
IDet2213511
IGlar30131721

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 7.0%

The percentage of subjects - overall and by previous OAD treatment - meeting the HbA1c less than or equal to 7% (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Metformin monotherapyMetformin+TZDMetformin+2nd OAD other than TZDAll
IDet55403138
IGlar70404753

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c of 6.5% or Less With no Hypoglycaemia

The subjects must have reached target and not have experienced any confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia or any confirmed major hypoglycaemia within the last 30 days of treatment. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage (%) of subjects (Number)
Metformin monotherapyMetformin+TZDMetformin+2nd OAD other than TZDAll
IDet22739
IGlar21131315

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c of 7% or Less With no Hypoglycaemia

The subjects must have reached target and not have experienced any confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia or any confirmed major hypoglycaemia within the last 30 days of treatment. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage (%) of subjects (Number)
Metformin monotherapyMetformin+TZDMetformin+2nd OAD other than TZDAll
IDet48332532
IGlar52333338

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Within-subject Variation of Self Measured Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Before Breakfast

The median values of the sample standard variation (the within subject variation) within the IDet and IGlar arms were plotted against time. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
Interventionmmol/L (Median)
Metformin MonotherapyMetformin+TZDMetformin+2nd OAD other than TZDOverall
IDet0.480.720.60.57
IGlar0.670.840.710.71

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Average Blood Glucose Over 6 Days

Participants have their blood glucose measured daily for six days. The average blood glucose measure over all six days is compared between the two treatment cohorts. (NCT00911625)
Timeframe: 6 Days

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (Mean)
0.5 Units/kg174
0.25 Units/kg174.5

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Assessment on Event Rate of Treatment-emergent Minor Hypoglycemic Events

Minor confirmed hypoglycemia was defined as any event a patient felt that he or she was experiencing a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia that resolved by self-treatment or on its own, and a concurrent self-monitoring fingerstick blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) and not classified as major hypoglycemia. Event rate per subject year was calculated for each subject: (number of events observed from a subject/exposure from a subject)*365.25 where exposure = last postbaseline visit date - baseline visit date. Mean and SE were then derived from FAS. (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

Interventionevents per subject-year (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly0.01
Insulin Glargine0.16

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Change in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG) From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)

Change in FSG (centralized measurement) from baseline to endpoint (Week 26) (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly-46.09
Insulin Glargine-40.82

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)

Change in HbA1c from baseline to endpoint (Week 26). (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly-1.11
Insulin Glargine-0.68

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Change in High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)

Change in HDL-C from baseline to endpoint (Week 26) (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly-0.99
Insulin Glargine-0.71

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Change in Total Cholesterol From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)

Change in Total Cholesterol from baseline to endpoint (Week 26) (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly-14.21
Insulin Glargine-6.32

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c<=6.5%

Percentage of subjects achieving HbA1c <=6.5% (for subjects with HbA1c >6.5% at baseline) (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Exenatide Once Weekly20.6
Insulin Glargine4.2

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c<=7%

Percentage of subjects achieving HbA1c <=7.0% (for subjects with HbA1c >7% at baseline) (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Exenatide Once Weekly42.2
Insulin Glargine21.0

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Change in Blood Pressure From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)

Change in Blood Pressure from baseline to endpoint (Week 26) (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Systolic Blood PressureDiastolic Blood Pressure
Exenatide Once Weekly-4.5-1.1
Insulin Glargine-2.6-2.5

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Endpoint (Week 26)

Change in Body Weight from baseline to endpoint (Week 26) (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly-1.67
Insulin Glargine0.34

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Ratio of Fasting Triglycerides at Endpoint (Week 26) to Baseline

Ratio of Triglycerides (measured in mg/dL) at endpoint (Week 26) to Baseline. Log(Postbaseline Triglycerides) - log(Baseline Triglycerides); change from baseline to endpoint is presented as ratio of endpoint to baseline. (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly1.00
Insulin Glargine1.00

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Assessment on Event Rate of Treatment-emergent Major Hypoglycemic Events

Major confirmed hypoglycemia was defined as (1) any event accompanying symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia that resulted in loss of consciousness or seizure but resolved promptly in response to administration of glucagon or (2) glucose, or documented hypoglycemia (blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L [54 mg/dL]) requiring assistance because of severe impairment in consciousness or motor activity whether or not symptoms of hypoglycemia were felt by the patient. Event rate per subject year was calculated for each subject: (number of events observed from a subject/exposure from a subject)*365.25 where exposure = last postbaseline visit date - baseline visit date. Mean and SE were then derived from FAS. (NCT00935532)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

Interventionevents per subject-year (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly0.00
Insulin Glargine0.00

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00972283)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 78 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD1039
IGlar OD1271

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Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Mild AEs: no or transient symptoms, no interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate AEs: marked symptoms, moderate interference with subject's daily activities. Severe AEs: considerable interference with subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious adverse event (SAE): AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT00972283)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 78 + 7 days follow up

,
InterventionEvents/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
Adverse events (AEs)Serious AESevere AEModerate AEMild AEFatal AE
IDeg OD41120241132741
IGlar OD40320201182661

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Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 78

Mean of the SMPG at 78 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am, before breakfast. (NCT00972283)
Timeframe: Week 78

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg OD7.2
IGlar OD6.8

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00972283)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 52 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD1109
IGlar OD1363

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT00972283)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 78 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD134
IGlar OD176

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Main Trial (Primary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT00972283)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg OD-1.17
IGlar OD-1.29

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 52

Mean of 9-point SMPG at 52 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT00972283)
Timeframe: Week 52

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg OD7.3
IGlar OD6.9

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT00972283)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 52 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD139
IGlar OD184

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Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 78 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 78 weeks of treatment (NCT00972283)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 78

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg OD-0.95
IGlar OD-1.15

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24

Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo0.46
Lixisenatide0.34

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 24

Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionkilogram (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo1.16
Lixisenatide0.28

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Change From Baseline in Average Insulin Glargine Daily Dose at Week 24

Change was calculated by subtracting the baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to the last dosing day of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionunits per day (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo5.34
Lixisenatide3.10

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Change From Baseline in Average 7-Point Self Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profile at Week 24

Patients recorded a 7-point plasma glucose profile measured before and 2 hours after each meal and at bedtime once in a week and the average value for the 7-time points was calculated. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to the last dosing day of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.08
Lixisenatide-0.47

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Change From Baseline in 2-Hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) at Week 24

The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a standardized meal. Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to the last dosing day of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo0.08
Lixisenatide-3.09

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Absolute Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 24

Absolute change = HbA1c value at Week 24 minus HbA1c value at baseline. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.40
Lixisenatide-0.71

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Number of Patients With Symptomatic Hypoglycemia and Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from a hypoglycemic episode with an accompanying plasma glucose less than 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) or associated with prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration if no plasma glucose measurement was available. Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was symptomatic hypoglycemia event in which the patient required the assistance of another person and was associated with either a plasma glucose level below 36 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Symptomatic hypoglycemiaSevere symptomatic hypoglycemia
Lixisenatide501
Placebo300

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Percentage of Patients With Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at Week 24

The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo16.3
Lixisenatide32.1

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Percentage of Patients With Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level Less Than 7% at Week 24

The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo38.5
Lixisenatide56.3

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Percentage of Patients With at Least 5% Weight Loss From Baseline at Week 24

The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo3.2
Lixisenatide5.1

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Change From Baseline in Treatment Satisfaction Score (Sum of Items 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of DTSQ) at Week 24

Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. DTSQ: 8-item questionnaire to assess treatment satisfaction and patient perception of hyper and hypoglycemia. Each question (Q) scored on a Likert scale from 0 to 6. Six items (Q1 and 4-8; higher score = more satisfaction) measured treatment satisfaction and were summed to calculate treatment satisfaction score which ranged from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 36 (very satisfied). Two items (Q2 and 3), which were not included, measured perceived hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, respectively and lower scores represented good perceived blood glucose control. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo0.65
Lixisenatide0.88

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Change From Baseline in Glucose Excursion at Week 24

Glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG minus plasma glucose 30 minutes prior to the standardized meal test, before study drug administration. Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to the last dosing day of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.33
Lixisenatide-3.42

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Percentage of Patients Requiring Rescue Therapy During the Double-blind Period

Routine fasting SMPG, central laboratory FPG and HbA1c values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceeded the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG and HbA1c were performed. Threshold values - from baseline to Week 8: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL) (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c >9%, from Week 8 to Week 24: fasting SMPG/FPG >180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L) or HbA1c >8.5%. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00975286)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo0.4
Lixisenatide0.4

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Change From Baseline (BL) in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The BL HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from BL was calculated as the value at Week 26 minus the value at BL. The analysis was performed using an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment group, region, history of prior myocardial infarction (yes versus no), and age category (<65 years versus ≥65 years) as factors and Baseline HbA1c as a continuous covariate.The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used to impute missing post-BL HbA1c values; the last non-missing post-BL on-treatment measurement was used to impute the missing measurement. HbA1c values obtained after hyperglycemic rescue were treated as missing and were replaced with pre-rescue values. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c in the blood (Least Squares Mean)
Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine-0.82
Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine-0.66

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Weeks 36, 48 and 52

The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline FPG minus the Baseline FPG. This analysis used observed FPG values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 36, 48 and 52

,
InterventionMillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
Week 36, n=171, 182Week 48, n=131, 151Week 52, n=121, 139
Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine-1.41-1.13-1.36
Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine-0.91-1.07-0.97

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Weeks 36, 48 and 52

The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. This analysis used observed body weight values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 36, 48 and 52

,
InterventionKilograms (Mean)
Week 36, n=172, 182Week 48, n=142, 153Week 52, n=122, 141
Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine-0.42-0.60-0.70
Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine1.311.561.44

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Time to Hyperglycemia Rescue

Participants who experienced persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) could have qualified for hyperglycemia rescue. The conditions for hyperglycemia rescue were as follows: HbA1c >9.0% and <0.5% decrease from Baseline between >=Week 4 and 9.0% and <0.5% decrease from Baseline between >=Week 8 and 8.5% and >=4 weeks since uptitration between >=Week 12 and 8.0% and >=4 weeks since uptitration; HbA1c >7.5% and >=4 weeks between >Week 26 and >=Week 48 since uptitration. Participants could have been rescued at any time after Week 4. Time to hyperglycemia rescue is the time between the date of first dose and the date of hyperglycemia rescue plus 1 day, or the time between the date of first dose and the date of last visit during active treatment period plus 1 day for participants not requiring rescue. This time is divided by 7 to express the result in weeks. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: From the start of study medication until the end of the treatment (up to Week 52)

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin GlargineNA
Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin GlargineNA

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 26

The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline FPG values. FPG values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline FPG + Baseline HbA1c category + region (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionMillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine-0.99
Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine-0.71

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26

The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline weight values. Weight values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with prerescue values. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current oral antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionKilograms (Least Squares Mean)
Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine-0.73
Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine0.81

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Number of Participants Who Achieved HbA1c Response Level of <6.5% and <7.0% at Week 26

The number of participants who acheieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5% and <7.0% at Week 26) were assessed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
HbA1c <6.5 %HbA1c <7.0 %
Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine3183
Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine2370

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Weeks 36, 48 and 52

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. Baseline is defined as the last available assessment on or prior to the first dose of study drug. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed HbA1c values, excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 36, 48 and 52

,
InterventionPercentage of HbA1c in the blood (Mean)
Week 36, n=173, 182Week 48, n=140, 153Week 52, n=121, 141
Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine-1.04-0.97-1.01
Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine-0.88-0.81-0.84

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Number of Patients With Hypoglycemia Events (Blood Glucose Levels < 70 mg/dL) During Their Hospital Stay That Are Treated With Basal Plus, Basal-bolus and SSRI Treatments

Effective Glycemic control is also assessed by number of hypoglycemia events among the patients treated with Basal plus, basal-bolus and SSRI treatments. Hypoglycemia event is defined as blood glucose levels <70 mg/dL. Number of patients with hypoglycemia episodes that are treated with Basal plus, basal-bolus and SSRI treatment regimens during their hospital stay are examined and compared. (NCT00979628)
Timeframe: During hospital stay, up to 12 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Basal Bolus23
Basal Plus Regimen17
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI)2

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Mean Blood Glucose Levels (Measured in mg/dL) at Randomization Are Compared to Mean Blood Glucose Levels After First Day of Treatment Among Subjects Treated With Basal Plus, Basal -Bolus and SSRI Treatments

The primary outcome is to determine the effective glycemic control among the subjects that received Basal Plus (glargine once daily plus corrective doses of glulisine before meals and bedtime as needed), Basal Bolus approach of glargine once daily plus corrective doses of glulisine before meals and Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI). Glycemic control is measured by mean blood glucose(BG) levels in mg/dL after first day of treatment and are compared to mean BG levels at randomization among subjects treated with Basal Plus, Basal -bolus and SSRI treatments. The optimal glycemic control is achieved when BG levels are between 70 mg/dL -140 mg/dL. The BG levels levels below 70 mg/dL are regarded as hypoglycemic events. The BG levels levels above 140 mg/dl are considered elevated and Hyperglycemia defined as a fasting BG >126 mg/dl or random BG >200 mg/dl on two or more occasions). (NCT00979628)
Timeframe: Randomization and 24 hrs after treatment

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
RandomizationAfter first day of therapy
Basal Bolus200156
Basal Plus Regimen194163
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI)187172

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Severity assessed by investigator. Mild: no or transient symptoms, no interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate: marked symptoms, moderate interference with subject's daily activities. Severe: considerable interference with subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious AE: AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT00982228)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 104 + 7 days follow up

,
InterventionEvents/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
Adverse events (AE)Serious AESevere AEModerate AEMild AEFatal AE
IDeg OD38314221052561
IGlar OD37417261062421

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occuring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT00982228)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 52 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD441
IGlar OD586

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00982228)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 52 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD4254
IGlar OD4018

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 52

Mean of 9-point self-measured plasma glucose profile (SMPG) after 52 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT00982228)
Timeframe: Week 52

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg OD8.1
IGlar OD8.3

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Main Trial (Primary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT00982228)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg OD-0.40
IGlar OD-0.39

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Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 104 of Treatment

Mean of 9-point self-measured plasma glucose profile (SMPG) after 104 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT00982228)
Timeframe: Treatment week 104

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg OD8.0
IGlar OD8.1

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Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 104 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 104 weeks of treatment (NCT00982228)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 104

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg OD-0.27
IGlar OD-0.24

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occuring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT00982228)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 104 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD390
IGlar OD532

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00982228)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 104 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD3750
IGlar OD3743

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Cross-reacting Antibodies to Human Insulin

The unit for measuring antibody levels is amount of tracer bound to the antibodies in the precipitate (B) expressed in percentage of the total amount of tracer (T) added to the mixture (%B/T). Samples were taken before 1st dosing and after a 1-week wash-out period. (NCT00982228)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 106

Intervention%B/T (Mean)
IDeg OD11.3
IGlar OD11.0

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT00982644)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 52 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD25
IGlar OD39

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00982644)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 52 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD152
IGlar OD185

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 52

Mean of 9-point SMPG at 52 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT00982644)
Timeframe: Week 52

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg OD7.7
IGlar OD7.7

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Main Trial (Primary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT00982644)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg OD-1.06
IGlar OD-1.19

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Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 104

Mean of 9-point SMPG at 104 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT00982644)
Timeframe: Week 104

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg OD7.6
IGlar OD7.6

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Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 104 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 104 weeks of treatment (NCT00982644)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 104

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg OD-0.95
IGlar OD-1.11

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT00982644)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 104 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD27
IGlar OD46

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00982644)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 104 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD172
IGlar OD205

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Severity assessed by investigator. Mild: no or transient symptoms, no interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate: marked symptoms, moderate interference with subject's daily activities. Severe: considerable interference with subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious AE: AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT00982644)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 104 + 7 days of follow up

,
InterventionEvents/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
Adverse event (AE)Serious AESevere AEModerate AEMild AEFatal AE
IDeg OD3621514932540
IGlar OD3391717872341

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Percentage of Patients Reaching HbA1c Target of Less Than 7.5% at the End of Treatment Visit

Percentage of patients reaching International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD)-recommended goals of Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c <7.5% at the end of treatment visit. (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)22.0
NPH Insulin22.8

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Average Daily Blood Glucose (BG) Based on CGMS Values: End of Treatment and Change From Baseline to End of Treatment

(NCT00993473)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 months

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Baseline daily BG (N= 61 & 63)End of treatment daily BG (N= 60 & 63)Absolute change from baseline (N= 60 & 62)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)11.26311.085-0.218
NPH Insulin11.17011.7120.501

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Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): End of Treatment and Change From Baseline to End of Treatment

(NCT00993473)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 months

,
Interventionpercent HbA1c (Mean)
Baseline HbA1cEnd of treatment HbA1c (N = 59 & 57)Absolute change from baseline (N = 59 & 57)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)8.0238.0710.036
NPH Insulin8.2488.3440.000

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Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): End of Treatment and Change From Baseline to End of Treatment (ANCOVA Estimates)

Assessed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment, and randomization strata (baseline number of CGM hypoglycemic excursions <0.5 events/24hours or ≥0.5 events/24 hours, and baseline HbA1c <8.5% or ≥8.5%) as fixed effects, and using the baseline value as covariate. (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 months

,
Interventionpercent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
End of treatment HbA1c (ANCOVA)Absolute change from baseline HbA1c (ANCOVA)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)8.139-0.048
NPH Insulin8.2320.045

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Number of Patients With Different Types of Hypoglycemia Events

Definitions of the different types of hypoglycemia events provided in the outcome measure description of the corresponding event rates. (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
"Patients with All hypoglycemia"Patients with symptomatic hypoglycemiaPatients with severe symptomatic hypoglycemiaPatients with nocturnal hypoglycemiaPatients with nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycemiaPatients with severe noct. sympto. hypoglycemia"Patients with All confirmed low CGMS excursions""Patients with All confirmed low FSBG"
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)61404591716061
NPH Insulin63442602806163

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"Event Rate of All Confirmed Low CGMS Excursions (Individual Component of Primary Endpoint) Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years (Events Per Patient-year)"

"All confirmed low CGMS excursions consisted of all low continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) excursions (interstitial glucose <70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) confirmed by fingerstick blood glucose (FSBG) <70 mg/dL." (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionevents per patient-year (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)74.61
NPH Insulin71.60

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"Event Rate of All Confirmed Low FSBG (Individual Component of the Primary Endpoint) Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years (Events Per Patient-year)"

"All confirmed low FSBG consisted of all low FSBG readings (values <70 mg/dL) performed at other times." (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionevents per patient-year (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)192.69
NPH Insulin168.24

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"Event Rate of All Hypoglycemia Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years (Events Per Patient-year)"

"The rate of all hypoglycemia was calculated from all hypoglycemia episodes which occurred during the 24-week on-treatment period and consisted of: - symptomatic hypoglycemia episodes validated by the study investigator based on entries in patients' diaries, - low continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) excursions (interstitial glucose <70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) confirmed by fingerstick blood glucose (FSBG) <70 mg/dL, - low FSBG readings (values <70 mg/dL) performed at other times." (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionnumber of events per patient-year (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)192.75
NPH Insulin168.91

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"Event Rate of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Defined as the Total Number of All Hypoglycemia Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years"

"Nocturnal hypoglycemia: any event from the all hypoglycemia total that occurred between 23:00 and 07:00 hours." (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionnumber of events per patient-year (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)33.50
NPH Insulin30.92

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Blood Glucose Variability Based on All On-treatment CGMS Values

Calculated for any given patient as the standard deviation (SD) of all CGMS interstitial glucose values recorded over all CGMS placements. (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)4.954
NPH Insulin5.089

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Event Rate of Nocturnal Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years

Nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycemia: any symptomatic hypoglycemic event that occurred between 23:00 and 07:00 hours. (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionnumber of events per patient-year (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)2.38
NPH Insulin3.65

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Event Rate of Severe Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years

Severe nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycemia: any severe symptomatic hypoglycemic event that occurred between 23:00 and 07:00 hours. (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionnumber of events per patient-year (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)0.04
NPH Insulin0.00

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Event Rate of Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years

Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia: any event with clinical symptoms considered to result from a hypoglycemic episode for which the patients required the assistance of a third party (ie, other than the patient, or a parent/usual caregiver; eg, from emergency personnel), because the patients/parents could not treat the event with acute neurological impairment directly resulting from the hypoglycemic event. The occurrence of seizure, coma, unconsciousness, or the use of glucagon, were also to qualify a hypoglycemic episode as severe. (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionnumber of events per patient-year (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)0.14
NPH Insulin0.07

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Event Rate of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Individual Component of Primary Endpoint) Defined as the Total Number of Episodes Divided by the Total Duration of the On-treatment Period in Years (Events Per Patient-year)

Symptomatic hypoglycemia: any event with clinical symptoms considered to result from hypoglycemia, validated by the study investigator based on data from patient diaries. (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionevents per patient-year (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)25.54
NPH Insulin33.02

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Nocturnal Blood Glucose Variability Based on All On-treatment CGMS Values

Calculated for any given patient as the standard deviation (SD) of all CGMS interstitial glucose values recorded during the nocturnal time period (between 23:00 and 07:00 hours). (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)4.747
NPH Insulin4.837

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Percent of Blood Glucose (BG) Within the Range of 70 - 180 mg/dL (3.9-10 mmol/L)

Calculated for each patient as the percent of all on-treatment CGMS values falling within the range of 70 - 180 mg/dL (3.9 - 10 mmol/L) inclusive. (NCT00993473)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercent of CGMS values within the range (Mean)
Lantus (Insulin Glargine)41.667
NPH Insulin38.158

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Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT01006291)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD FF63
IDeg OD56
IGlar OD75

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Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT01006291)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD FF364
IDeg OD363
IGlar OD348

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01006291)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg OD FF-1.28
IDeg OD-1.07
IGlar OD-1.26

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Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)

Mean of SMPG after 26 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, before bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT01006291)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg OD FF7.9
IDeg OD8.0
IGlar OD7.8

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) at Week 12 Endpoint - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms

FBG is measured by 8-point SMBG profiles, which are measured at morning FBG, midday pre-meal BG, evening pre-meal BG, 2-hour postprandial BG after each of the 3 main meals, bedtime BG, 0300 hours BG. LS mean of the change from baseline to 12 weeks is from MMRM approach. MMRM model includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 algorithm 1, LY2605541 algorithm 2, glargine); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; visit and treatment interaction; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionnmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-1.82
LY2605541 Algorithm 1-2.22
LY2605541 Algorithm 2-1.99

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) at Week 12 Endpoint

FBG is measured by 8-point SMBG profiles, which are measured at morning FBG, midday pre-meal BG, evening pre-meal BG, 2-hour postprandial BG after each of the 3 main meals, bedtime BG, 0300 hours BG. LS mean of the change from baseline to 12 weeks is from MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 algorithm 1 and 2, glargine); dose conversion (pre-IA, post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; visit and treatment interaction; and random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionmmol/Liter (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-1.77
LY2605541 Combined-1.97

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Pharmacokinetics - Drug (LY2605541) Concentration at Steady State (Css) at Week 12 Endpoint

The drug (LY2605541) concentration at steady state (Css) is calculated from the clearance (Liter/hour) and the final dose of the participants. Clearance was estimated using population-based approaches. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionpicomoles per liter (pMol/L) (Geometric Mean)
LY2605541 Combined4258

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Percentage of Participants Who Did Not Experience a Hypoglycemic Episode During Treatment With HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 12 Endpoint - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Hypoglycemia episode is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia or has a BG level of ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL) even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment (consistent with current guidelines [ADA 2005]). (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 12

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.0%HbA1c ≤6.5%
Insulin Glargine11.966.52
LY2605541 Algorithm 121.339.33
LY2605541 Algorithm 215.667.23

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Percentage of Participants With Antibody Status Change From Baseline to Week 12 and Week 16

Negative is defined as either 'negative' from lab or percent binding <1.16%. Positive is defined as the percent binding is ≥1.16%. The antibody status change is from negative to positive or positive to negative. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 12 and Week 16

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 12 from negative to positiveWeek 12 from positive to negativeWeek 16 from negative to positiveWeek 16 from positive to negative
Insulin Glargine2.42.42.42.4
LY2605541 Algorithm 14.70.04.90.0
LY2605541 Algorithm 22.81.13.51.2

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia From Baseline Through Week 12 - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms

Hypoglycemia episode is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia or has a BG level of ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL) even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment (consistent with current guidelines [ADA 2005]). (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 12

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine63.4
LY2605541 Algorithm 147.5
LY2605541 Algorithm 254.2

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia From Baseline Through Week 12

Hypoglycemia episode is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia or has a BG level of ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL) even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment (consistent with current guidelines [ADA 2005]). (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 12

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine63.4
LY2605541 Combined54.0

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Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) Level at Week 12 Endpoint as Measured by the 8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles

8-point SMBG profiles are measured at morning FBG, midday and evening pre-meal blood glucose (BG), 2-hour postprandial BG after each of the 3 main meals, bedtime BG, 0300 hours BG. Least squares (LS) mean of the FBG is from mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 algorithm 1 and 2, glargine); dose conversion (pre-interim analysis [IA], post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] group); visit; visit and treatment interaction; random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionmillimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine6.83
LY2605541 Algorithm 17.15
LY2605541 Algorithm 26.84

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 12 Endpoint

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS mean of the change from baseline is from MMRM approach. MMRM model includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 dose algorithm 1 and 2, glargine); dose conversion (pre-IA, post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group); baseline HbA1c; visit; visit and treatment interaction; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionpercentage of glycated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-0.64
LY2605541 Combined-0.74

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 12 Endpoint - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS mean of the change from baseline is from MMRM approach. MMRM model includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 algorithm 1, LY2605541 algorithm 2, glargine); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group); baseline HbA1c; visit; visit and treatment interaction; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionpercentage of glycated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-0.65
LY2605541 Algorithm 1-0.67
LY2605541 Algorithm 2-0.83

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Glycemic Variability in Fasting Blood Glucose at Baseline and Week 12 - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms

Within-patient glycemic variability was assessed as the standard deviation of fasting blood glucose each day at baseline, and each day between Week 10 and Week 12. LS mean is obtained using MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 algorithm 1, LY2605541 algorithm 2, glargine); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; interaction between visit and treatment; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

,,
Interventionnmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
BaselineWeek 12
Insulin Glargine1.431.17
LY2605541 Algorithm 11.401.16
LY2605541 Algorithm 21.421.07

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Glycemic Variability in Fasting Blood Glucose at Baseline and Week 12

Within-patient glycemic variability was assessed as the standard deviation of fasting blood glucose each day at baseline, and each day between Week 10 and Week 12. LS mean is obtained using MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 algorithm 1 and 2, glargine); dose conversion (pre-IA, post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; visit and treatment interaction; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week12

,
Interventionnmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
BaselineWeek 12
Insulin Glargine1.521.23
LY2605541 Combined1.511.20

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Daily Basal Insulin Dose at Week 2 and Week 12 - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms

LS mean is obtained using MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 algorithm 1, LY2605541 algorithm 2, glargine); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; visit and treatment interaction; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 2 and Week 12

,,
Interventionnmol/kg (Least Squares Mean)
Week 2Week 12
Insulin Glargine2.623.15
LY2605541 Algorithm 13.234.58
LY2605541 Algorithm 23.645.26

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Daily Basal Insulin Dose at Week 2 and Week 12

LS mean is obtained using MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 algorithm 1 and 2, glargine); dose conversion (pre-IA, post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; visit and treatment interaction; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 2 and Week 12

,
Interventionnanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Week 2Week 12
Insulin Glargine2.452.90
LY2605541 Combined3.194.58

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8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Measures at Week 12 Endpoint - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms

8-point SMBG profiles are measured at morning FBG, midday pre-meal BG, evening pre-meal BG, 2-hour postprandial BG after each of the 3 main meals, bedtime BG, 0300 hours BG. LS mean is obtained using MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 algorithm 1, LY2605541 algorithm 2, glargine); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; visit and treatment interaction; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 12

,,
Interventionnmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Morning pre-meal BGMorning 2-hr postprandial BGMidday Pre-meal BGMidday 2-hr postprandial BGEvening Pre-meal BGEvening 2-hr postprandial BGBed time BG0300 hours BG
Insulin Glargine6.769.317.299.367.799.649.137.10
LY2605541 Algorithm 17.029.057.228.967.649.148.867.34
LY2605541 Algorithm 26.628.486.609.097.649.228.436.82

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8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Measures at Week 12 Endpoint

8-point SMBG profiles are measured at morning FBG, midday pre-meal BG, evening pre-meal BG, 2-hour postprandial BG after each of the 3 main meals, bedtime BG, 0300 hours BG. LS mean is obtained using MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541 algorithm 1 and 2, glargine); dose conversion (pre-IA, post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; visit and treatment interaction; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 12

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Morning 2-hr postprandial BGMidday Pre-meal BGMidday 2-hr postprandial BGEvening Pre-meal BGEvening 2-hr postprandial BGBed time BG0300 hours BG
Insulin Glargine9.547.479.497.929.999.447.26
LY2605541 Combined9.117.239.227.809.749.157.36

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Rate of Hypoglycemia Per 30 Days From Baseline Through Week 12 - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms

Hypoglycemia episode is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia or has a BG level of ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL) even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment (consistent with current guidelines [ADA 2005]). Hypoglycemia rate per 30 days is calculated as the number of hypoglycemia/number of days at risk*30. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 12

InterventionNumber of Hypoglycemia episodes/30 days (Mean)
Insulin Glargine1.52
LY2605541 Algorithm 11.25
LY2605541 Algorithm 21.27

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Rate of Hypoglycemia Per 30 Days From Baseline Through Week 12

Hypoglycemia episode is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia or has a BG level of ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL) even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment (consistent with current guidelines [ADA 2005]). Hypoglycemia rate per 30 days is calculated as the number of hypoglycemia/number of days at risk*30. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 12

InterventionNumber of Hypoglycemia episodes/30 days (Mean)
Insulin Glargine1.52
LY2605541 Combined1.34

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and ≤6.5% at Week 12 Endpoint

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 12

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.0%HbA1c ≤6.5%
Insulin Glargine48.423.1
LY2605541 Combined51.929.5

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and ≤6.5% at Week 12 Endpoint - Subgroup Analysis of LY2605541 Dosing Algorithms

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 12

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.0%HbA1c ≤6.5%
Insulin Glargine48.423.1
LY2605541 Algorithm 157.531.5
LY2605541 Algorithm 25026.3

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 12 Endpoint Who Did Not Experience a Hypoglycemic Episode During Treatment

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Hypoglycemia episode is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia or has a BG level of ≤3.9 millimole/Liter (mmol/L) (≤70 milligram/deciliter [mg/dL]) even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment (consistent with current guidelines [ADA 2005]). (NCT01027871)
Timeframe: Week 12

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.0%HbA1c ≤6.5%
Insulin Glargine11.966.52
LY2605541 Combined16.497.98

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Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)

Mean of SMPG after 26 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT01045447)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDegAsp OD8.1
IGlar OD8.4

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01045447)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDegAsp OD-0.98
IGlar OD-1.00

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Main Trial (Primary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 26 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01045707)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDegAsp OD-1.65
IGlar OD-1.72

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Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 52 weeks of treatment. (NCT01045707)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 53

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDegAsp OD-1.39
IGlar OD-1.34

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT01045707)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 53 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDegAsp OD19
IGlar OD53

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT01045707)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 53 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDegAsp OD419
IGlar OD211

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Severity assessed by investigator. Mild:no or transient symptoms, no interference with the subject's daily activities. Moderate: marked symptoms, moderate interference with the subject's daily activities. Severe: considerable interference with the subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious AE: AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalisation/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect (NCT01045707)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 53 + 7 days follow up

,
InterventionEvents/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
Adverse events (AE)Serious AESevere AEModerate AEMild AEFatal AE
IDegAsp OD313179772272
IGlar OD238910661621

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 26

Mean of SMPG at 26 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT01045707)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDegAsp OD7.9
IGlar OD7.9

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Daily Basal Insulin Dose at Week 2 and Week 8 Endpoint

LS mean is obtained from MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541, Glargine); treatment sequence; treatment period; dose conversion (pre-IA, post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; interaction between visit and treatment; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Week 2 and Week 8 of each treatment period

,
Interventionnanomoles per kilogram (nmoles/kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Week 2Week 8
Glargine2.582.86
LY26055413.354.12

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Percentage of Participants With Antibody Status Change From Baseline to Week 8, Week 16 and Week 20

Negative is defined as either 'negative' from lab or percent binding <1.16%. Positive is defined as the percent binding is ≥1.16%. The antibody status change is from negative to positive or positive to negative. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Week 8, Week 16 and Week 20

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 8 (Period I) from negative to positiveWeek 8 (Period I) from positive to negativeWeek 16 (Period II) from negative to positiveWeek 16 (Period II) from positive to negativeWeek 20 (follow up) from negative to positiveWeek 20 (follow up) from positive to negative
Glargine/LY26055413.35.07.47.411.53.8
LY2605541/Glargine8.33.312.51.814.81.9

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 8 Endpoint of Period I

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Week 8 (Period I)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.0%HbA1c ≤6.5%
Glargine33.313.3
LY260554143.124.6

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Change From Baseline in Daily Average Blood Glucose (Avg. BG) at Week 8 Endpoint as Measured by the 8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles

It is the Avg. of the 8-point SMBG profiles, BG of morning fasting, midday & evening pre-meal, 2-hour postprandial after each of the 3 main meals, bedtime, 0300 hours. LS mean of daily Avg. BG is from MMRM, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541, Glargine); Treatment Sequence; treatment period; dose conversion (pre-IA, post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; visit and treatment interaction; a random effect for participant. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8 of each treatment period

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541-0.74
Glargine-0.18

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Daily Average Blood Glucose (Avg. BG) at Week 8 Endpoint as Measured by the 8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles

It is the Avg. of the 8-point SMBG profiles, BG of morning fasting, midday & evening pre-meal, 2-hour postprandial after each of the 3 main meals, bedtime, 0300 hours. Least squares (LS) mean of daily Avg. BG is from mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM), which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541, Glargine); Treatment Sequence; treatment period; dose conversion (pre-interim analysis [IA], post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline Hemoglobin [HbA1c] group); visit; visit and treatment interaction; a random effect for participant. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Week 8 of each treatment period

Interventionmillimole per Liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
LY26055417.98
Glargine8.53

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Glycemic Variability in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) at Week 8 Endpoint

Within-patient glycemic variability was assessed as the standard deviation of fasting blood glucose each day between Week 6 and Week 8. LS mean is obtained from MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541, Glargine); treatment sequence; treatment period; dose conversion (pre-IA, post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; interaction between visit and treatment; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Week 8 of each treatment period

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
LY26055413.13
Glargine3.60

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia Baseline Through Week 8

Hypoglycemia episode is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia or has a BG level of ≤3.9 millimole per Liter (mmol/L) (≤70 milligram per deciliter [mg/dL]) even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment (consistent with current guidelines [ADA 2005]. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 8 of each treatment period

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
LY260554192.7
Glargine90.0

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Pharmacokinetics - Drug (LY2605541) Concentration at Steady State (Css) at Week 8 Endpoint

The drug (LY2605541) concentration at steady state (Css) is calculated from the clearance (Liter/hour) and the final dose of the participants. Clearance was estimated using population-based approaches. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Week 8 of each treatment period

Interventionpicomoles per liter (pMol/L) (Geometric Mean)
LY26055412873

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Rate of Hypoglycemia Per 30 Days Baseline Through Week 8

Hypoglycemia episode is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia or has a BG level of ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL) even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment (consistent with current guidelines [ADA 2005]. Hypoglycemia rate per 30 days is calculated as the number of hypoglycemia/number of days at risk*30. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 8 of each treatment period

Interventionnumber of hypoglycemia episodes/30 days (Mean)
LY26055418.74
Glargine7.36

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8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Measures at Week 8 Endpoint

8-point SMBG profiles are measured at morning fasting BG (FBG), midday pre-meal BG, evening pre-meal BG, 2-hour postprandial BG after each of the 3 main meals, bedtime BG, 0300 hours BG. LS mean is obtained from MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541, Glargine); treatment sequence; treatment period; dose conversion (pre-IA, post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group, and baseline HbA1c group); visit; interaction between visit and treatment; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Week 8 of each treatment period

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
0300 hours BGMorning FBGMorning 2-hr postprandial BGMidday Pre-meal BGMidday 2-hr postprandial BGEvening Pre-meal BGEvening 2-hr postprandial BGBed time BG
Glargine8.679.578.767.528.608.739.269.29
LY26055418.979.338.276.988.087.878.378.20

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 8 Endpoint Who Did Not Experience a Hypoglycemic Episode During Treatment (Period I)

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Hypoglycemia episode is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia or has a BG level of ≤3.9 millimole/Liter (mmol/L) (≤70 milligram/deciliter [mg/dL]) even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment (consistent with current guidelines [ADA 2005]). (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Week 8 (Period I)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.0%HbA1c ≤6.5%
Glargine1.70
LY26055411.50

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 8 Endpoint of Period I

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS mean of the change from baseline to 8-week at Period I is from MMRM approach, which includes fixed effects of treatment (LY2605541, Glargine); dose conversion (pre-IA, post-IA); stratification variables (country, baseline daily basal insulin dose group); baseline HbA1c; visit; interaction between visit and treatment; and a random effect for participant. (NCT01049412)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8 (Period I)

Interventionpercentage of glycated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541-0.45
Glargine-0.34

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Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT01059799)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD298
IGlar OD370

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Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG)

Mean of SMPG after 26 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, before bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT01059799)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg OD8.2
IGlar OD8.0

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01059799)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg OD-1.24
IGlar OD-1.35

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Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT01059799)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD78
IGlar OD124

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Change from baseline in FPG after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01068665)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg 200 U/mL OD-3.70
IGlar OD-3.38

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01068665)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg 200 U/mL OD-1.30
IGlar OD-1.32

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change from baseline in HbA1c after week 26 (NCT01068678)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg 3TW-1.00
IGlar OD-1.40

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Change in Body Weight

Change from baseline in body weight after week 26 (NCT01068678)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionkg (Mean)
IDeg 3TW0.8
IGlar OD1.0

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks in the EuroQol 5 Dimension

The European Quality of Life - 5 dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. It consists of 2 parts: the first part assesses 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) that have 3 possible levels of response (no problem, some problem, or extreme problem). These dimensions are converted into a weighted health-state Index Score. The EQ-5D United Kingdom (UK) score ranges from -0.59 to 1.0, where a score of 1.0 indicates perfect health and negative values are valued as worse than dead. The second part of the questionnaire consists of a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) on which the participants rated their perceived health state on that day from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health). Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted by treatment, country, and baseline. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
EQ-5D UK, 26 weeks (n=257, 254, 249)EQ-5D UK, 52 weeks (n=259, 260, 253)EQ-5D UK, 78 weeks (n=259, 260, 253)VAS, 26 weeks (n=253, 252, 243)VAS, 52 weeks (n=260, 258, 252)VAS, 78 weeks (n=260, 258, 252)
Insulin Glargine-0.01-0.040.000.81.12.2
LY2189265 0.75 mg0.000.000.003.42.33.2
LY2189265 1.5 mg0.010.010.013.33.23.8

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks for Daily Mean Blood Glucose Values From the 8-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles

The self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) data were collected at the following 8 time points: pre-morning meal; 2 hours post-morning meal; pre-midday meal; 2 hours post-midday meal; pre-evening meal; 2 hours post-evening meal; bedtime; and 3 AM or 5 hours after bedtime. Least Squares (LS) means of the mean of the 8 time points (Daily Mean) were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=199, 204, 190)52 weeks (n=180, 185, 176)78 weeks (n=172, 164, 168)
Insulin Glargine-1.58-1.44-1.47
LY2189265 0.75 mg-1.46-1.32-1.15
LY2189265 1.5 mg-1.79-1.69-1.55

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks on Electrocardiogram Parameters, Fridericia Corrected QT (QTcF) Interval and PR Interval

The QT interval is a measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave and was calculated from electrocardiogram (ECG) data using Fridericia's formula: QTc = QT/RR^0.33. Corrected QT (QTc) is the QT interval corrected for heart rate and RR, which is the interval between two R waves. PR is the interval between the P wave and the QRS complex. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionmilliseconds (msec) (Least Squares Mean)
QTcF interval, 26 weeks (n=240, 245, 229)QTcF interval, 52 weeks (n=231, 240, 228)QTcF interval, 78 weeks (n=221, 220, 222)PR interval, 26 weeks (n=240, 245, 229)PR interval, 52 weeks (n=230, 240, 227)PR interval, 78 weeks (n=221, 220, 222)
Insulin Glargine1.243.704.441.241.501.21
LY2189265 0.75 mg-0.101.343.442.331.883.27
LY2189265 1.5 mg-1.711.551.662.782.612.62

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Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline HbA1c as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
LY2189265 1.5 mg-1.08
LY2189265 0.75 mg-0.76
Insulin Glargine-0.63

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Change in Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks on Pulse Rate

Sitting pulse rate was measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionbeats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=257, 260, 245)52 weeks (n=250, 252, 240)78 weeks (n=246, 244, 238)
Insulin Glargine-1.21-0.52-0.91
LY2189265 0.75 mg0.740.510.61
LY2189265 1.5 mg1.561.291.31

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Change From Baseline to 52 and 78 Weeks in Updated Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta-cell Function (HOMA2-%B) and Updated Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (HOMA2-%S)

The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta (β)-cell function. HOMA2-B is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population (normal young adults). HOMA2-S is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate insulin sensitivity (%S), as percentages of a normal reference population (normal young adults). The normal reference population for both HOMA2-B and HOMA-2S were set at 100%. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline of C-peptide based HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-%S were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52, and 78 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of HOMA2 (Least Squares Mean)
HOMA2-%B, 52 weeks (n=175, 181)HOMA2-%B, 78 weeks (n=167, 165)HOMA2-%S, 52 weeks (n=175,181)HOMA2-%S, 78 weeks (n=167, 165)
LY2189265 0.75 mg24.6015.66-2.66-3.62
LY2189265 1.5 mg29.9528.54-2.89-2.64

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Change From Baseline to 52 and 78 Weeks in Glucagon Concentration

Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionpicomoles per liter (pmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
52 weeks (n=232, 231, 228)78 weeks (n=235, 235, 232)
Insulin Glargine-3.85-3.65
LY2189265 0.75 mg-3.31-3.37
LY2189265 1.5 mg-3.91-3.57

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52, and 78 Weeks on Blood Pressure

Sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionmilliliter of mercury (mmHG) (Least Squares Mean)
SBP, 26 weeks (n=257, 261, 245)SBP, 52 weeks (n=250, 252, 240)SBP, 78 weeks (n=246, 244, 238)DBP, 26 weeks (n=257, 261, 245)DBP, 52 weeks (n=250, 252, 240)DBP, 78 weeks (n=246, 244, 238)
Insulin Glargine-0.030.510.51-0.29-0.93-1.04
LY2189265 0.75 mg-1.600.09-0.59-0.17-0.19-0.36
LY2189265 1.5 mg-1.280.17-0.70-0.16-0.26-0.44

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks on Serum Calcitonin

(NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionpicogram/milliliter (Mean)
26 weeks (n=266, 267, 258)52 weeks (n=266, 269, 259)78 weeks (n=267, 269, 259)
Insulin Glargine0.1490.1760.151
LY2189265 0.75 mg0.0970.1320.035
LY2189265 1.5 mg0.1630.1280.086

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks on Pancreatic Enzymes

Amylase (total and pancreas-derived) and lipase concentrations were measured. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionunits/liter (Median)
Amylase (total), 26 weeksAmylase (total), 52 weeksAmylase (total), 78 weeksAmylase (pancreas-derived), 26 weeksAmylase (pancreas-derived), 52 weeksAmylase (pancreas-derived), 78 weeksLipase, 26 weeksLipase, 52 weeksLipase, 78 weeks
Insulin Glargine2.0003.0001.0001.0001.0000.000-1.000-1.000-2.000
LY2189265 0.75 mg4.0005.0004.0003.0003.0002.0005.0004.0004.000
LY2189265 1.5 mg4.0004.0004.0003.0003.0002.0005.0004.0004.000

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks on Electrocardiogram Parameters, Heart Rate

Electrocardiogram (ECG) heart rate was measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionbeats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=241, 247, 231)52 weeks (n=232, 242, 231)78 weeks (n=223, 222, 225)
Insulin Glargine-1.24-1.01-0.26
LY2189265 0.75 mg0.900.380.47
LY2189265 1.5 mg2.642.412.49

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks for Body Weight

Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks52 weeks78 weeks
Insulin Glargine1.011.441.28
LY2189265 0.75 mg-1.47-1.33-1.54
LY2189265 1.5 mg-1.82-1.87-1.96

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks for Body Mass Index

Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionkilograms per square meter (kg/m^2) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=257, 261, 245)52 weeks (n=250, 252, 238)78 weeks (n=246, 244, 238)
Insulin Glargine0.440.620.59
LY2189265 0.75 mg-0.50-0.39-0.39
LY2189265 1.5 mg-0.64-0.64-0.64

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Number of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Events at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and has a plasma glucose level of =<3.9 mmol/L), asymptomatic (defined as events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of =<3.9 mmol/L), nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (defined as events during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination). The number of self-reported hypoglycemic events is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionevents (Number)
Severe HE, 26 weeksSevere HE, 52 weeksSevere HE, 78 weeksDocumented symptomatic HE, 26 weeksDocumented symptomatic HE, 52 weeksDocumented symptomatic HE, 78 weeksAsymptomatic HE, 26 weeksAsymptomatic HE, 52 weeksAsymptomatic HE, 78 weeksNocturnal HE, 26 weeksNocturnal HE, 52 weeksNocturnal HE, 78 weeksProbable symptomatic HE, 26 weeksProbable symptomatic HE, 52 weeksProbable symptomatic HE, 78 weeks
Insulin Glargine122447789103360910931358240519635202226
LY2189265 0.75 mg000315444515484709911117147184192428
LY2189265 1.5 mg112311515607500757884145185215111720

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Rate of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Events at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and has a plasma glucose level of =<3.9 mmol/L), asymptomatic (defined as events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of =<3.9 mmol/L), nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (defined as events during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination). The 1-year adjusted rate of hypoglycemic events is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionevents per participant per year (Mean)
Severe HE, 26 weeksSevere HE, 52 weeksSevere HE, 78 weeksDocumented symptomatic HE, 26 weeksDocumented symptomatic HE, 52 weeksDocumented symptomatic HE, 78 weeksAsymptomatic HE, 26 weeksAsymptomatic HE, 52 weeksAsymptomatic HE, 78 weeksNocturnal HE, 26 weeksNocturnal HE, 52 weeksNocturnal HE, 78 weeksProbable symptomatic HE, 26 weeksProbable symptomatic HE, 52 weeksProbable symptomatic HE, 78 weeks
Insulin Glargine0.010.010.013.643.343.034.824.413.801.862.071.810.150.080.07
LY2189265 0.75 mg0.000.000.002.521.971.663.582.682.380.960.650.590.140.090.07
LY2189265 1.5 mg0.010.000.012.352.031.673.793.082.561.230.900.770.080.070.05

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Number of Participants Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Less Than 7% at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks

Number of participants achieving HbA1c levels less than 7.0% was analyzed with a logistic regression model with baseline, country, and treatment as factors included in the model. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
26 weeks (n=263, 266, 258)52 weeks (n=263, 267, 259)78 weeks (n=263, 267, 259)
Insulin Glargine848079
LY2189265 0.75 mg1229991
LY2189265 1.5 mg153140129

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Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks and 78 Weeks Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline HbA1c as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=263, 266, 258)78 weeks (n=263, 267, 259)
Insulin Glargine-0.65-0.59
LY2189265 0.75 mg-0.89-0.62
LY2189265 1.5 mg-1.16-0.90

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Number of Participants Requiring Additional Intervention Due to Hyperglycemia at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks

Additional intervention was defined as any additional therapeutic intervention in participants who developed persistent, severe hyperglycemia despite full compliance with the assigned therapeutic regimen, or initiation of an alternative antihyperglycemic medication following study drug discontinuation. The number of participants requiring additional intervention due to hyperglycemia is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
26 weeks52 weeks78 weeks
Insulin Glargine0816
LY2189265 0.75 mg42034
LY2189265 1.5 mg21124

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Number of Participants Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks

Number of participants achieving HbA1c levels less than or equal to 6.5% was analyzed with a logistic regression model with baseline, country, and treatment as factors included in the model. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
26 weeks (n=263, 266, 258)52 weeks (n=263, 267, 259)78 weeks (n=263, 267, 259)
Insulin Glargine403543
LY2189265 0.75 mg746059
LY2189265 1.5 mg977174

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Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks

A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an event that first occurs or worsens (increases in severity) after baseline regardless of causality or severity. The number of participants with one or more TEAE is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
26 weeks52 weeks78 weeks
Insulin Glargine137175192
LY2189265 0.75 mg146175188
LY2189265 1.5 mg160189201

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Number of Participants With LY2189265 Antibodies at 26, 52, 78 Weeks and 4 Weeks After Last Dose of Study Drug (83 Weeks Maximum)

LY2189265 (Dulaglutide) anti-drug antibodies (ADA) were assessed at baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks, and at the safety follow-up visit 30 days after study drug discontinuation (83 weeks). The number of participants with initial postbaseline detection of treatment emergent (defined as a 4-fold increase in the ADA titer from baseline) LY2189265 ADA at each time point were summarized. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, 78, and 83 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
26 weeks52 weeks78 weeks83 weeks
LY2189265 1.5 mg and 0.75 mg11310

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Number of Participants With Adjudicated Pancreatitis at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks

The number of participants with pancreatitis confirmed by adjudication is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
26 weeks52 weeks78 weeks
Insulin Glargine000
LY2189265 0.75 mg111
LY2189265 1.5 mg122

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Number of Participants With Adjudicated Cardiovascular Events at 26, 52 and 78 Weeks

Information on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors was collected at baseline. Data on any new CV event was prospectively collected using a CV event electronic case report form. At prespecified visits, participants were asked about any new CV event. Deaths and nonfatal cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) were adjudicated by a committee of physicians with cardiology expertise external to the Sponsor. The nonfatal cardiovascular AEs to be adjudicated include myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, coronary interventions (such as coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention), and cerebrovascular events including cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and transient ischemic attack. The number of participants with adjudicated CV events is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Any CV event, 26 weeksAny fatal CV event, 26 weeksAny non-fatal CV event, 26 weeksAny CV event, 52 weeksAny fatal CV event, 52 weeksAny non-fatal CV event, 52 weeksAny CV event, 78 weekAny fatal CV event, 78 weekAny non-fatal CV event, 78 week
Insulin Glargine303615918
LY2189265 0.75 mg101404616
LY2189265 1.5 mg202303303

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks in the Low Blood Sugar Survey

The Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) contains 33 items comprised of 2 subscales (behavior and worry), each of which is rated on a 5-point numeric rating scale from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). It captures behavioral changes associated with the concerns and experiences of hypoglycemia and the degree to which participants are worried about certain aspects associated with hypoglycemia during the previous 4 weeks. The behavior (or avoidance) subscale has 15 items, and the worry (or affect) subscale has 18 items. Subscale scores are calculated by summing participant responses to items (behavior range 0-60; worry range 0-72). A total score is calculated as the sum of both subscales (range 0-132). Higher scores indicate greater negative impact on subscales and total score. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=255, 255, 244)52 weeks (n=258, 259, 245)78 weeks (n=258, 259, 245)
Insulin Glargine0.3-1.0-2.0
LY2189265 0.75 mg-2.4-4.1-4.7
LY2189265 1.5 mg-2.8-4.2-4.6

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks in the Impact of Weight on Self-Perception

The Impact of Weight on Self-Perception (IW-SP) questionnaire contains 3 items that assess how often the participants' body weight affects how happy they are with their appearance and how often they feel self-conscious when out in public. Items are scored on a 5-point numeric rating scale where 5 = never and 1 = always. A single total score is calculated by summing the scores for all 3 items. Total score ranges between 3 and 15, where a higher score is indicative of better self-perception. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=258, 258, 251)52 weeks (n=260, 261, 252)78 weeks (n=260, 261, 252)
Insulin Glargine-0.10.10.1
LY2189265 0.75 mg0.20.20.3
LY2189265 1.5 mg0.10.50.5

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Change From Baseline to 26, 52 and 78 Weeks in the Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living

"The Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living questionnaire (renamed the Ability to Perform Physical Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire [APPADL]) contains 7 items that assess how difficult it is for participants to engage in certain activities considered to be integral to normal daily life, such as walking, standing and climbing stairs. Items are scored on a 5-point numeric rating scale where 5 = not at all difficult and 1 = unable to do. The individual scores from all 7 items are summed and a single total score is calculated and may range between 7 and 35. A higher score indicates better ability to perform activities of daily living. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate." (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=256, 256, 248)52 weeks (n=260, 261, 249)78 weeks (n=260, 261, 249)
Insulin Glargine-0.3-0.6-0.3
LY2189265 0.75 mg0.10.40.3
LY2189265 1.5 mg0.70.91.0

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Change in Body Weight

Change from baseline in body weight after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01076647)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionkg (Mean)
IDeg 3TW0.8
IGlar OD0.5

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01076647)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg 3TW-1.05
IGlar OD-1.36

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Main Trial (Primary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 26 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01079234)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg OD FF-0.40
IDeg OD-0.41
IGlar OD-0.58

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Main Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) After 26 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in FPG after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01079234)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg OD FF-1.28
IDeg OD-2.54
IGlar OD-1.33

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT01079234)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 52 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IGlar OD848
IDeg OD F640

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Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) After 52 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in FPG after 52 weeks of treatment. (NCT01079234)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IGlar OD-0.61
IDeg OD F-1.73

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Extension Trial (Primary Endpoint): Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT01079234)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 52 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IGlar OD6341
IDeg OD F6811

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Extension Trial (Secondary Endpoint): Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 52 weeks of treatment. (NCT01079234)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IGlar OD-0.21
IDeg OD F-0.13

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Change From Baseline in Glucose Exposure (Area Under the Diurnal Median Curve or AUC)

"Employ Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) with Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) analysis to characterize the diurnal patterns produced by oral medications (metformin) used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.~Employ CGM to measure the effect of exenatide, insulin glargine and exenatide plus insulin glargine in terms of underlying physiological defects and alter medications in a manner that improves- i. Glucose exposure (area under the diurnal median curve) Change from baseline was calculated as area under the diurnal median curve at baseline minus AUC value at final visit (32 weeks).~AUC is calculated using modified rectangle method AUC = sum of superscript 23, subscript i=0 P subscript 50i I = hour of day P subscript 50i = smoother 50th percentile value for ith hour of day" (NCT01089569)
Timeframe: baseline - final visit (32 weeks)

Interventionmg/dL*24hr (Mean)
Exenatide-1207.1
Insulin Glargine-1476.2
Exenatide + Insulin Glargine-1315

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Change From Baseline in CGM Glucose Variability

"Employ Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) with Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) analysis to characterize the diurnal patterns produced by oral medications (metformin) used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.~Employ CGM to measure the effect of exenatide, insulin glargine and exenatide plus insulin glargine in terms of underlying physiological defects and alter medications in a manner that improves- ii. Glucose variability (inter-quartile range)~IQR is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles. Change from baseline was calculated as IQR at baseline minus IQR value at final visit (32 weeks)." (NCT01089569)
Timeframe: baseline to final visit (32 weeks)

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Exenatide-9
Insulin Glargine-7.7
Exenatide + Insulin Glargine-12.1

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HbA1c Change

"Measure the changes in HbA1C attributable to exenatide, insulin glargine and their combination.~Employ CGM with AGP analysis to determine if there is an incremental benefit for subjects who do not reach target to add exenatide to insulin glargine or insulin glargine to exenatide in patients taking metformin." (NCT01089569)
Timeframe: baseline to final visit (32 weeks)

,,
Intervention%HbA1c (Mean)
BaselineFinal - Week 32
Exenatide6.47.8
Exenatide + Insulin Glargine6.27.6
Insulin Glargine6.47.6

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Change From Baseline in Weight Changes

"Measure the changes in weight attributable to exenatide, insulin glargine and their combinations.~Employ CGM with AGP analysis to determine if there is an incremental benefit for subjects who do not reach target to add exenatide to insulin glargine or insulin glargine to exenatide in patients taking metformin.~Change from baseline was calculated as weight in pounds at baseline minus weight in pounds at final visit (32 weeks)." (NCT01089569)
Timeframe: baseline - final visit (32 weeks)

Interventionlbs (pounds) (Mean)
Exenatide-13.5
Insulin Glargine-0.5
Exenatide + Insulin Glargine-10.3

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Change From Baseline in Incidence of Hypoglycemia (Frequency)

"Employ Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) with Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) analysis to characterize the diurnal patterns produced by oral medications (metformin) used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.~Employ CGM to measure the effect of exenatide, insulin glargine and exenatide plus insulin glargine in terms of underlying physiological defects and alter medications in a manner that improves- iv. Incidence of hypoglycemia (frequency)~Change from baseline was calculated as mean incidence rate at baseline minus mean incidence rate at final visit (32 weeks)" (NCT01089569)
Timeframe: baseline to final visit (32 weeks)

Interventionepisodes/day (Mean)
Exenatide.7
Insulin Glargine.8
Exenatide + Insulin Glargine.6

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Change From Baseline in Incidence of Hypoglycemia (Degree)

"Employ Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) with Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) analysis to characterize the diurnal patterns produced by oral medications (metformin) used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.~Employ CGM to measure the effect of exenatide, insulin glargine and exenatide plus insulin glargine in terms of underlying physiological defects and alter medications in a manner that improves- iv. Incidence of hypoglycemia (degree) Change from baseline was calculated as mean incidence percentage at baseline minus mean incidence percentage at final visit (32 weeks)" (NCT01089569)
Timeframe: baseline to final visit (32 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of measures under 70 mg/dL (Mean)
Exenatide1.7
Insulin Glargine1.7
Exenatide + Insulin Glargine1.3

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Change From Baseline in Glucose Stability (Absolute Hourly Rate of Change in Median Curve)

"Employ Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) with Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) analysis to characterize the diurnal patterns produced by oral medications (metformin) used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.~Employ CGM to measure the effect of exenatide, insulin glargine and exenatide plus insulin glargine in terms of underlying physiological defects and alter medications in a manner that improves iii. Glucose stability (absolute hourly rate of change in median curve)~Change from baseline was calculated as mean absolute hourly rate of change in median curve at baseline minus rate at final visit (32 weeks). Mean absolute hourly rate of change in the smoothed median curve is calculated as delta subscript MC = ( (NCT01089569)
Timeframe: p subscript 50 zero - p subscript 50 23

Interventionp subscript 50 zero - p subscript 50 23 (+Sum superscript 23 subscript i = 1)
Exenatide p subscript 50i - p subscript 50 i-1
Insulin Glargine p subscript 50i - p subscript 50 i-1
Exenatide + Insulin Glargine p subscript 50i - p subscript 50 i-1

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Self-Monitored Fasting Plasma Glucose (SMFPG) Measurements: Change From Beginning to the End of the Extension Period

"SMFPG = mean value of Self-Monitored Fasting Plasma Glucose measurements over 3 consecutive days in the week before each visit~Value at the end of the extension period defined as last available value during the extension period (i.e. last-observation-carried-forward [LOCF] value)~Change = LOCF value - week 24 value" (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: week 24, week 30, week 36, week 48

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Insulin Glargine (Extension Period)-44.63

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Percentage of Patients Whose Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Has Decreased But Remains ≥7% at the End of the Comparative Period

"Percentage of patients with:~* HbA1c value at end of the comparative period (LOCF) lower than HbA1c baseline value~AND~* HbA1c value at end of the comparative period (LOCF) ≥7%" (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: baseline (week -2), week 12, week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine47.1
Liraglutide46.3

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Body Weight: Change From Baseline to the End of the Comparative Period

Change = Last weight value measured during the comparative period (LOCF value) - weight value at baseline (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), week 2, week 6, week 12, week 18, week 24

Interventionkg (Mean)
Insulin Glargine1.98
Liraglutide-2.99

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Body Weight: Change From Beginning to End of the Extension Period

Change = Last weight value measured during the extension period (LOCF value) - weight value at beginning of the Extension Period (Week 24) (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: week 24, week 30, week 36, week 48

Interventionkg (Mean)
Insulin Glargine (Extension Period)4.35

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Daily Dose of Insulin Glargine Administered During the Extension Period

(NCT01117350)
Timeframe: week 30, week 36, week 48

InterventionUnit (U) (Mean)
Start of treatment (N=154)Week 30 (N=151)Week 36 (N=150)Week 48 (N=151)
Insulin Glargine (Extension Period)15.7737.4946.2150.68

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Daily Dose of Insulin Glargine

(NCT01117350)
Timeframe: week 1, week 2, week 6, week 12, week 24

InterventionUnit (U) (Mean)
Start of treatment (N=472)Week 1 (N=470)Week 2 (N=470)Week 6 (N=470)Week 12 (N=463)Week 18 (N=454)Week 24 (N=459)End comparative period (LOCF) (N=474)
Insulin Glargine13.3917.7422.0634.6744.4048.6551.6751.24

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Self-Monitored 7-point Plasma Glucose (PG) Profile: Change From Beginning to the End of the Extension Period

"Self-monitored 7-point plasma glucose profiles (before and 2 hours after the start of breakfast, lunch and dinner, and at bedtime) recorded on 3 consecutive days in the week before each visit~Value at the end of the extension period defined as last available value during the extension period (i.e. last-observation-carried-forward [LOCF] value)~Change = LOCF value - week 24 value" (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: week 24, week 36, week 48

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Before breakfast (N=143)After breakfast (N=134)Before lunch (N=131)After lunch (N=134)Before dinner (N=133)After dinner (N=130)At bedtime (N=127)
Insulin Glargine (Extension Period)-46.13-27.67-20.32-11.50-12.56-2.28-14.94

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Self-Monitored Fasting Plasma Glucose (SMFPG) Measurements: Change From Baseline to the End of the Comparative Period

"SMFPG = mean value of Self-Monitored Fasting Plasma Glucose measurements over 3 consecutive days in the week before each visit~Value at the end of the comparative period defined as last available value during the comparative period (i.e. last-observation-carried-forward [LOCF] value)~Change = LOCF value - baseline value" (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), week 6, week 12, week 18, week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Insulin Glargine-65.25
Liraglutide-37.23

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Percentage of Patients Whose Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Has Increased at the End of the Comparative Period

Percentage of patients with HbA1c value at end of the comparative period (LOCF) higher than HbA1c baseline value (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: baseline (week -2), week 12, week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine4.1
Liraglutide6.6

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Daily Dose of Liraglutide

(NCT01117350)
Timeframe: week 1, week 2, week 6, week 12, week 24

Interventionmg (Mean)
Start of treatment (N=470)Week 1 (N=463)Week 2 (N=458)Week 6 (N=444)Week 12 (N=426)Week 18 (N=415)Week 24 (N=431)End comparative period (LOCF) (N=470)
Liraglutide0.600.911.491.721.731.741.731.71

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Hypoglycemia Occurence: Number of Patients With at Least One Episode of Symptomatic / Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Comparative Period

"Symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from hypoglycemia.~Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from hypoglycemia, requiring the assistance of another person for active administration of carbohydrate, glucagon or other countermeasure because the patient could not treat him/herself due to acute neurological impairment directly resulting from the hypoglycemia (assistance by another person when the patient could have treated him/herself was not considered as requiring assistance)and one of the following criteria:~The event was associated with a measured PG level < 36 mg/dL (2 mmol/L),~Or, in absence of PG value, the event was associated with neurological recovery attributable to the restoration of PG to normal, after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose or glucagon administration." (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: all across the comparative period (from week 0 to week 24)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
symptomatic hypoglycemiasevere symptomatic hypoglycemia
Insulin Glargine2190
Liraglutide852

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Hypoglycemia Occurence: Number of Patients With at Least One Episode of Symptomatic / Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Extension Period

"Symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from hypoglycemia.~Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from hypoglycemia, requiring the assistance of another person for active administration of carbohydrate, glucagon or other countermeasure because the patient could not treat him/herself due to acute neurological impairment directly resulting from the hypoglycemia (assistance by another person when the patient could have treated him/herself was not considered as requiring assistance)and one of the following criteria:~The event was associated with a measured PG level < 36 mg/dL (2 mmol/L),~Or, in absence of PG value, the event was associated with neurological recovery attributable to the restoration of PG to normal, after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose or glucagon administration." (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: all across the extension period (from week 24 to week 48)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
symptomatic hypoglycemiasevere symptomatic hypoglycemia
Insulin Glargine (Extension Period)580

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Self-Monitored 7-point Plasma Glucose (PG) Profile: Change From Baseline to the End of the Comparative Period

"Self-monitored 7-point plasma glucose profiles (before and 2 hours after the start of breakfast, lunch and dinner, and at bedtime) recorded on 3 consecutive days in the week before each visit~Value at the end of the comparative period defined as last available value during the comparative period (i.e. last-observation-carried-forward [LOCF] value)~Change = LOCF value - baseline value" (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), week 12, week 24

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Before breakfast (N ig = 448 & N l = 409)After breakfast (N ig = 440 & N l = 397)Before lunch (N ig = 438 & N l = 404)After lunch (N ig = 433 & N l = 406)Before dinner (N ig = 434 & N l = 400)After dinner (N ig = 426 & N l = 396)At bedtime (N ig = 380 & N l = 351)
Insulin Glargine-65.92-66.70-50.16-43.00-40.84-42.6-43.11
Liraglutide-38.64-55.35-39.13-41.82-36.88-45.04-44.06

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Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c): Change From Baseline to the End of Comparative Period

Change in HbA1C from baseline to the last observation carried forward (LOCF) measured during the comparative period = LOCF value - baseline value (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: baseline (week -2), week 12, week 24

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Insulin Glargine-1.92
Liraglutide-1.81

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Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c): Change From Beginning to the End of the Extension Period

Change in HbA1C from beginning of the extension period (week 24) to the last observation carried forward (LOCF) measured during the extension period = LOCF value - week 24 value (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: week 24, week 36, week 48

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Insulin Glargine (Extension Period)-0.26

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Percentage of Patients Whose Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) <7% at the End of the Comparative Period

The value at the end of the comparative period was defined as the last available HbA1c value measured during the comparative period plus 14 days after the last dose of Investigational Product (i.e. last-observation-carried-forward [LOCF] value). (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine48.4
Liraglutide45.9

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Percentage of Patients Whose Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) <7% at the End of the Extension Period

Value at the end of the extension period defined as last available HbA1c value measured during the extension period (i.e. last observation carried forward (LOCF) value) (NCT01117350)
Timeframe: week 36, week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine (Extension Period)22.7

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Number of Hypoglycaemic Episodes - Severe and Minor

Hypoglycaemic episodes (hypos) summarised based on American Diabetes Association classification (severe, documented symptomatic, asymptomatic, probable symptomatic, and relative hypoglycaemia) and according to additional definition (minor hypoglycaemia). Severe hypos: requiring another person to actively administer resuscitative actions. Minor hypos: symptoms with plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dl), or any asympomatic plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT01123980)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-24

,
Interventionepisodes (Number)
SevereMinor
BIAsp 300154
Insulin Glargine1125

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9-point Plasma Glucose Profiles

Glycaemic control measured by 9-point plasma glucose (SPMG) profiles. The 9 timepoints for self-measurement during the day were: before breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours after lunch, before dinner, 2 hours after dinner, before bedtime, at 2-4 a.m. and before breakfast the following day. (NCT01123980)
Timeframe: Week 24

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Before breakfast2 hours after breakfastBefore lunch2 hours after lunchBefore dinner2 hours after dinnerBefore bedtimeAt 2-4 a.m.Before breakfast the following day
BIAsp 306.4610.187.3510.507.679.368.146.586.51
Insulin Glargine6.4910.117.2210.227.0310.889.397.066.35

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

(NCT01123980)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 24

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
BIAsp 30-0.68
Insulin Glargine-0.56

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Number of Hypoglycaemic Episodes

All episodes classified into nocturnal (time of onset between 00:00 (included) and 05:59 (included)). (NCT01123980)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-24

Interventionepisodes (Number)
BIAsp 3097
Insulin Glargine63

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Number of Hypoglycaemic Episodes - All

(NCT01123980)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-24

Interventionepisodes (Number)
BIAsp 30745
Insulin Glargine605

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c Below 7.0%

The percentage of subjects achieving the treatment target for glycosylated haemoglobin A1c after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT01123980)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage (%) of subjects (Number)
BIAsp 3029.1
Insulin Glargine30.0

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving HbA1c Below or Equal to 6.5%

The percentage of subjects achieving the treatment target for glycosylated haemoglobin A1c after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT01123980)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage (%) of subjects (Number)
BIAsp 3014.9
Insulin Glargine14.2

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Mean of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (hbA1c)

Mean glycosylated hemoglobin (hbA1c) at baseline. The A1C test result is reported as a percentage. The higher the percentage, the higher a person's blood glucose levels have been. A normal A1C level is below 5.7 percent. (NCT01131052)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Basal Plus6.7
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI)6.3

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Mean of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (hbA1c)

Mean glycosylated hemoglobin (hbA1c) at baseline. The A1C test result is reported as a percentage. The higher the percentage, the higher a person's blood glucose levels have been. A normal A1C level is below 5.7 percent. (NCT01131052)
Timeframe: 3 months

Interventionpercent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Basal Plus7.0
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI)6.3

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Percent of Participants With a Mean Blood Glucose Concentration of Less Than 70 mg/dL

Mean weekly blood glucose concentration less than 70 mg/dL at 3 months (NCT01131052)
Timeframe: 3 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Basal Plus28
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI)31

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Mean of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (hbA1c)

Mean glycosylated hemoglobin (hbA1c) at baseline. The A1C test result is reported as a percentage. The higher the percentage, the higher a person's blood glucose levels have been. A normal A1C level is below 5.7 percent. (NCT01131052)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionpercent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Basal Plus6.8
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI)6.5

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Mean of Weekly Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration

Mean weekly blood glucose concentration at 3 months (NCT01131052)
Timeframe: 3 months

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Basal Plus130
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI)123

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Percent of Participants With a Mean Blood Glucose Concentration of Less Than 40 mg/dL

Mean weekly blood glucose concentration less than 40 mg/dL at 3 months (NCT01131052)
Timeframe: 3 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Basal Plus0
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI)1

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Mean Blood Glucose Concentration

Mean blood glucose concentration at baseline (NCT01131052)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Basal Plus198.2
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI)191.8

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Mean of Daily Blood Glucose Concentration

Mean of daily blood glucose concentration at baseline (NCT01131052)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Basal Plus163.0
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin (SSRI)137.7

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Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes with a confirmed plasma glucose value of less than 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT01135992)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-4 (IGlar), Weeks 4-16 (IDeg 3TW)

Interventionepisodes per 100 patient years (Number)
IGlar (N=142) (week 4)IDeg (N=129) (week 16)
IGlar/IDeg453424

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HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)

HbA1C at week 4 and 16 (NCT01135992)
Timeframe: Week 4 and Week 16

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
Week 4 (N=128) (IGlar)Week 16 (N=122)(IDeg)
IGlar/IDeg7.47.2

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Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

FPG at week 4 and 16 (NCT01135992)
Timeframe: Week 4 and Week 16

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 4 (N=128) (IGlar)Week 16 (N=122) (IDeg)
IGlar/IDeg7.06.3

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Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Mild AEs: no or transient symptoms, no interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate AEs: marked symptoms, moderate interference with subject's daily activities. Severe AEs: considerable interference with subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious adverse event (SAE): AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect (NCT01135992)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-4 (IGlar), Weeks 4-16 (IDeg 3TW)

Interventionevents per 100 patient years (Number)
Adverse events (N=142)(week 4)(IGlar)Serious AEs (N=142 ) (week 4)(IGlar)Severe AEs (N=142)(week 4) (IGlar)Moderate AEs (N=142) (week 4)(IGlar)Mild AEs (N=142)(week 4) (IGlar)Fatal AEs (N=142) (week 4) (IGlar)Adverse events (N=129) (week 16) (IDeg)Serious AEs (n=129) (week 16) (IDeg)Severe AEs (N=129) (week 16) (IDeg)Moderate AEs (N=129) (week 16) (IDeg)Mild AEs (N=129) (week 16) (IDeg)Fatal AEs (N=129) (week 16) (IDeg)Adverse Events (N=142) (Total)Serious AEs (N=142) (Total)Severe AEs (N=142) (Total)Moderate AEs (N=142) (Total)Mild AEs (N=142) (Total)Fatal AEs (N=142)(Total)
IGlar/IDeg370919102250042471013228004098131242730

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Change in Body Weight

Change from baseline in body weight after week 4 and after week 16 (NCT01135992)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 4, Week 16

Interventionkg (Mean)
Week 4(N= 142) (IGlar)Week 16 (N=129) (IDeg)
IGlar/IDeg0.10.6

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Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes with a confirmed plasma glucose value of less than 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occuring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT01135992)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-4 (IGlar), Weeks 4-16 (IDeg 3TW)

Interventionepisodes per 100 patient years (Number)
IGlar (week 4) (N=142)IDeg (week 16) (N=129)
IGlar/IDeg11183

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Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events Throughout Hospital Study Period

Treatment-emergent adverse event - any untoward medical occurrence that either occurred or worsened at any time after treatment baseline and which did not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. A summary of adverse events is located in the Reported Adverse Event Module. (NCT01136746)
Timeframe: Throughout hospital study period (1 to 10 days post-randomization)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin1
Basal-bolus Therapy2

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Number (Incidence) of Hypoglycemia and Severe Hypoglycemia Episodes, Throughout Hospital Study Period

Hypoglycemia was defined as any time a recorded capillary PG level is ≤70 mg/dL, even if it is not associated with signs or symptoms, or treatment consistent with current guidelines (ADA 2005; ADA 2010). Severe hypoglycemia was defined as an episode associated with a recorded capillary (or venous) PG <40 mg/dL (Umpierrez et al. 2007; Moghissi et al. 2009; Umpierrez et al. 2009), even if it is not associated with need for assistance or neuroglycopenic symptoms (ADA 2005) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, glucagon, or IV glucose. (NCT01136746)
Timeframe: Throughout hospital study period (1 to 10 days post-randomization)

,
Interventionhypoglycemic episodes (Number)
Hypoglycemic EpisodesSevere Hypoglycemic Episodes
Basal-bolus Therapy30
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin10

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Mean Plasma Glucose (MPG) by Hospital Day

The intent was to report results up to Day 10; however, due to low enrollment, mean and standard deviations are only reported up to Day 7. (NCT01136746)
Timeframe: Day 1 up to day 7 of hospital study period

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Day 1 (n=6, n=6)Day 2 (n=8, n=5)Day 3 (n=6, n=3)Day 4 (n=2, n=1)Day 5 (n=1, n=1)Day 6 (n=1, n=1)Day 7 (n=0, n=1)
Basal-bolus Therapy149.9124.0128.596.3104.6111.0108.0
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin178.1175.2151.0132.5154.8138.0NA

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Percentage of Capillary Plasma Glucose Measurements Within the Range of 71 to 179 mg/dL Throughout the Hospital Study Period

Results are reported as the percentage of total number of capillary plasma glucose measurements within the range of 71 to 179 mg/dL for each treatment arm. (NCT01136746)
Timeframe: Throughout hospital study period (1 to 10 days post-randomization)

Interventionpercentage of capillary PG measurements (Number)
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin81.4
Basal-bolus Therapy84.3

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Mean Plasma Glucose (MPG) Throughout Hospital Study Period

Overall MPG is derived as the mean of plasma glucose (PG) readings from Day/Visit 1 to Day/Visit 10. (NCT01136746)
Timeframe: Throughout hospital study period (1 to 10 days post-randomization)

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Mean)
Sliding Scale Regular Insulin167.6
Basal-bolus Therapy128.4

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The Rate of Hypoglycemic Episodes

The rate of hypoglycemic episodes is defined as the mean number of hypoglycemic episodes per 30 days per participant. Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as an event which is associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, and/or a documented blood glucose (BG) concentration of <= 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: baseline through 24 weeks

Interventionhypoglycemic episode/30 days/participant (Mean)
Premixed Insulin0.468
Basal-Bolus0.409

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemic Episodes (Incidence)

Incidence of hypoglycemic episodes is defined as 100 multiplied by the number of participants experiencing a hypoglycemic episode divided by the number of participants exposed to study drug. Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as an event which is associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, and/or a documented blood glucose (BG) concentration of <= 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: baseline through 24 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Premixed Insulin54.8
Basal-Bolus55.0

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing a Severe Hypoglycemic Episode

Severe hypoglycemic episode is defined as any event requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. The percentage of participants experiencing a severe hypoglycemic episode is defined as the 100 multiplied by the number of participants experiencing a severe hypoglycemic episode divided by the number of participants exposed to study drug. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: baseline through 24 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Premixed Insulin0.0
Basal-Bolus0.0

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Change in Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint

Least Squares (LS) means are calculated using mixed model repeating measures (MMRM) with the change from baseline in HbA1c at all post baseline measurement as dependent variables, treatment, country, visit and treatment by visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline HbA1c value as a covariate and participant as a random effect. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks

Interventionpercent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Premixed Insulin-1.05
Basal-Bolus-1.06

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint

Least Squares (LS) means are calculated using mixed model repeating measures (MMRM) with the change from baseline in HbA1c at all post baseline measurement as dependent variables, treatment, country, visit and treatment by visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline HbA1c value as a covariate and participant as a random effect. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks

Interventionpercent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Premixed Insulin-0.96
Basal-Bolus-0.96

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Daily Dose of Insulin: Total, Basal, and Prandial

(NCT01175811)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
InterventionInternational Units (IU) (Mean)
Total Daily DoseDaily Insulin Dose BasalDaily Insulin Dose Bolus (prandial)
Basal-Bolus54.024.71729.269
Premixed Insulin52.931.53921.385

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Change in Body Mass Index (BMI) From Baseline to 12 and 24 Weeks

Body mass index is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. Least Squares (LS) means are calculated using mixed model repeating measures (MMRM) using change from baseline in BMI at all post baseline measurement as dependent variables, treatment, country, visit and treatment by visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline BMI value as a covariate and participants as a random effect. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks

,
Interventionkilogram per square meter (kg/m^2) (Least Squares Mean)
Change at 12 weeksChange at 24 weeks
Basal-Bolus0.200.29
Premixed Insulin0.260.31

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The Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Less Than or Equal to 6.5% and Less Than or Equal to 7% at 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks

The Percentage of participants achieving a haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) less than or equal (<=) to 6.5% or 7% is defined as 100 multiplied by the number of participants with a HbA1c of the cut-off value (6% or 7%) divided by the number of participants exposed to study drug. Participants with missing HbA1c values at endpoint were treated as not achieving the HbA1c goal. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
<=6.5 Percent HbA1c at 12 weeks<=7.0 Percent HbA1c at 12 weeks<=6.5 Percent HbA1c at 24 weeks<=7.0 Percent HbA1c at 24 weeks
Basal-Bolus8.927.711.934.2
Premixed Insulin6.126.49.129.9

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The 7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles at Baseline, 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks.

7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles are measures of blood glucose taken 7 times a day at the morning pre-meal, morning 2-hours post-meal, midday pre-meal, midday 2-hours post-meal, evening pre-meal, evening 2-hours post-meal, and 0300 hour [3 am]. Each participant took measures on 3 non-consecutive days and the average was calculated for each of the 7 time points. The mean of the 7-point averages was calculated for all the participants at baseline, Weeks 12 and 24. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Mean)
Morning Pre-meal (Week 0) (n=195, 201)Morning Pre-meal (Week 12) (n=187, 191)Morning Pre-meal (Week 24) (n=177, 186)Morning 2 hours Post-meal (Week 0) (n=194, 201)Morning 2 hours Post-meal (Week 12) (n=187, 190)Morning 2 hours Post-meal (Week 24) (n=176, 184)Midday Pre-meal (Week 0) (n=195, 200)Midday Pre-meal (Week 12) (n=187, 190)Midday Pre-meal (Week 24) (n=177, 186)Midday 2 hours Post-meal (Week 0) (n=194, 201)Midday 2 hours Post-meal (Week 12) (n=186, 189)Midday 2 hours Post-meal (Week 24) (n=175, 184)Evening Pre-meal (Week 0) (n=195, 200)Evening Pre-meal (Week 12) (n=187, 190)Evening Pre-meal (Week 24) (n=177, 186)Evening 2 hours Post-meal (Week 0) (n=194, 201)Evening 2 hours Post-meal (Week 12) (n=186, 190)Evening 2 hours Post-meal (Week 24)(n=176, 185)0300 Hours (3 am) (Week 0) (n=185, 193)0300 Hours (3 am) (Week 12) (n=177, 185)0300 Hours (3 am) (Week 24) (n=171, 179)
Basal-Bolus157.7136.5132.4213.6176.5165.8164.9149.4142.1227.5177.2171.1190.0157.6151.1209.9176.2165.6180.0163.6155.8
Premixed Insulin155.0141.8137.4207.1179.6169.7160.7142.5139.5219.7162.5161.9186.6148.1145.0204.8177.1172.0175.9150.3145.1

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Daily Dose of Insulin Per Kilogram of Body Weight: Total, Basal and Prandial

(NCT01175811)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
InterventionInternational Units per kilogram (IU/kg) (Mean)
Total Daily DoseDaily Insulin Dose BasalDaily Insulin Dose Bolus (prandial)
Basal-Bolus0.7600.3480.412
Premixed Insulin0.7380.4400.298

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Perceptions About Medications-Diabetes 21 (PAM-D21) Questionnaire Score at 24 Weeks

PAM-D21 is a validated questionnaire consisting of 21 items to assess a participant's perceptions about their diabetes treatment regimens and perceived emotional and physical side-effects. The PAM-D21 consists of 4 subscales: Convenience/Flexibility (items 1 to 3); Perceived Effectiveness (items 4 to 6); Emotional Effects (items 7 to 11); and Physical Effects (items 12 to 21). Item scores range from 1 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time). Subscale scores were linearly transformed to a 0-100, with higher score corresponds to better perceptions about diabetes medications. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model that included baseline score as a covariate and treatment, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) stratum, and country as fixed effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Convenience/Flexibility (n= 231, 230)Perceived Effectiveness (n=231, 230)Emotional Effects (n=231, 230)Physical Effects (n=231, 228)
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro84.1378.7681.8689.04
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture83.9076.7881.8487.89

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The Number of Participants With a Hypoglycemic Episodes (Incidence)

A hypoglycemic episode was defined as an event associated with 1) reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, and/or 2) a documented blood glucose (BG) concentration of <= 70 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL, 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L)]. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture144
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro150

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 24 Weeks Endpoint (Per Protocol Population)

The change from baseline to 24 weeks in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in plasma. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline HbA1c concentration as a covariate, treatment, country, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture-1.30
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro-1.09

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Change in the HbA1c Concentration From Baseline to 12 Weeks Endpoint

The change from baseline to 12 weeks in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in plasma. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline HbA1c concentration as a covariate, treatment, country, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture-1.12
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro-1.01

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Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Score at 24 Weeks

ITSQ: validated instrument containing 22 items which are measured on a 7-point scale: 1 (no bother at all) to 7 (a tremendous bother) used to assess insulin treatment satisfaction. Items are divided into 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen (5 items: domain score range 5 to 35), Lifestyle Flexibility (3 items: domain score range 3 to 21), Glycemic Control (3 items: domain score range 3 to 21), Hypoglycemic Control (5 items: domain score range 5 to 35), Insulin Delivery Device (6 items: domain score range 6 to 42) lower scores reflect better outcome. ITSQ Total Overall Score ranged from 22 to 154. Raw domain scores transformed on 0-100 scale, where transformed domain score = 100×[(7-raw domain score)/6]. Higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction. Least squares (LS) mean estimated from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model that included baseline score as covariate and treatment, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) stratum, and country as fixed effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture80.91
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro81.84

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The Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes

The number of participants who had a severe hypoglycemic episode anytime during the study. Severe hypoglycemia was defined as any event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture2
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro0

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 24 Weeks Endpoint (Intention-to-Treat Population)

The change from baseline to 24 weeks in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in plasma. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline HbA1c concentration as a covariate, treatment, country, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture-1.30
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro-1.08

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Daily Insulin Dose: Total, Basal, and Prandial at 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks

(NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks

,
Interventioninternational units (IU) (Mean)
Total Insulin Dose at 12 Weeks (n=224, 224)Total Insulin Dose at 24 Weeks LOCF (n=236, 240)Basal Insulin Dose at 12 Weeks (n=224, 224)Basal Insulin Dose at 24 Weeks LOCF (n=236, 240)Prandial Insulin Dose at 12 Weeks (n=224, 224)Prandial Insulin Dose at 24 Weeks LOCF(n=236, 240)
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro49.250.837.137.412.113.5
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture51.253.138.439.812.813.3

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The Rate of Hypoglycemic Episodes

The hypoglycemia rate per 30 days was calculated as the number of episodes reported for the interval between visits and during the study divided by the number of days in the given interval and multiplied by 30. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks

Interventionhypoglycemic episodes per 30 day period (Mean)
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture1.07
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro1.36

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Glycemic Variability From the 7-point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles at 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks

The 7-point SMBG profile was calculated as the average blood glucose concentration across the 7 pre-specified time points in a day that was then averaged over 3 non-consecutive days in the 2 weeks prior to the 12 week visit and 24 week visit. Glycemic variability was calculated as the standard deviation of the 7-point SMBG profiles. Standard deviation was first calculated for each day and then averaged over 3 non-consecutive days for each visit. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from mixed-effects model with repeated measures that included the baseline value of the variable as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)stratification level, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles/liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
SMBG glycemic variability, 12 weeks (n=220, 221)SMBG glycemic variability, 24 weeks (n=216, 216)
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro2.131.99
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture2.122.03

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7-point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles at 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks

7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles are measures of blood glucose taken 7 times a day at the morning pre-meal, morning 2-hours post-meal, midday pre-meal, midday 2-hours post-meal, evening pre-meal, evening 2-hours post-meal, and 0300 hour [3 am]. Each participant took measures on 3 non-consecutive days and the average was calculated for each of the 7 time points. The mean of the 7-point averages was calculated for all the participants at baseline, Weeks 12 and 24. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from mixed-effects model with repeated measures that included the baseline value of the variable as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)stratification level, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
pre-morning meal (Week 12) (n=223, 222)2 hour post-morning meal (Week 12) (n=220, 221)pre-midday meal (Week 12) (n=220, 221)2 hours post-midday meal (Week 12) (n=220, 221)pre-evening meal (Week 12) (n=221, 221)2 hours post-evening meal (Week 12) (n=217, 220)3 am - during the night (Week 12)(n=197, 201)pre-morning meal (Week 24) (n=217, 216)2 hours post-morning meal (Week 24) (n=216, 215)pre-midday meal (Week 24) (n=215, 216)2 hours post-midday meal (Week 24) (n=216, 216)pre-evening meal (Week 24) (n=216, 216)2 hours post-evening meal (Week 24) (n=212, 216)3 am - during the night (Week 24)(n=198, 195)
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro6.209.017.449.148.259.108.526.268.867.448.997.958.958.26
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture6.878.826.969.467.989.158.216.608.526.829.087.709.118.05

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Change in the Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration From Baseline to 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks

The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline fasting plasma glucose value as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline HbA1c stratification level, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Change at 12 Weeks (n= 222, 222)Change at 24 Weeks (n=219, 217)
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro0.640.75
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture1.040.89

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Change in Weight From Baseline to 12 Weeks and 24 Weeks

The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline weight as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) stratification level, week of visit, and the treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks

,
Interventionkilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Change at 12 weeks (n=224, 225)Change at 24 weeks (n=219, 217)
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro0.340.50
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture0.541.13

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Number of Participants Who Achieve a Target HbA1c Concentration of Less Than 7% or Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at 24 Weeks

(NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
HbA1c <7%HbA1c <=6.5%
Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro6631
Insulin Lispro Low Mixture7636

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1) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 1 Compared to the Control Group. 2) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 2 Compared to the Control Group.

Normal glucose tolerance is defined as a fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/L and a 2-hour pc plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/L on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test off diabetes drugs. (NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 20 weeks and (2) 28 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 2 and Standard care at 28 weeks
Group 2 (Long)2

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1) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 1 Compared to the Control Group. 2) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 2 Compared to the Control Group.

Normal glucose tolerance is defined as a fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/L and a 2-hour pc plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/L on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test off diabetes drugs. (NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 20 weeks and (2) 28 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 and Standard care at 20 weeksGroup 2 and Standard care at 28 weeks
Standard Care21

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Change in Weight From Baseline

(NCT01181674)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8, 20, 28 and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionkg (Mean)
Baseline8 weeks20 weeks28 weeks52 weeks
Group 1 (Short)99.595.392.893.396.6
Group 2 (Long)95.392.490.591.793.8
Standard Care89.387.186.386.186.5

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HbA1C

(NCT01181674)
Timeframe: 8, 20, 28 and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionpercent (Mean)
8 weeks20 weeks28 weeks52 weeks
Group 1 (Short)6.16.26.56.4
Group 2 (Long)6.06.16.46.7
Standard Care6.66.66.66.5

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1) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 1 Compared to the Control Group. 2) Percentage of Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance in the Experimental Group 2 Compared to the Control Group.

Normal glucose tolerance is defined as a fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/L and a 2-hour pc plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/L on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test off diabetes drugs. (NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 20 weeks and (2) 28 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 and Standard care at 20 weeks
Group 1 (Short)2

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose From Baseline

(NCT01181674)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Group 1 (Short)-0.23
Group 2 (Long)-0.64
Standard Care0.05

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Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes

(NCT01181674)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 (Short)0
Group 2 (Long)0
Standard Care0

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Number of Participants With Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Episodes

(NCT01181674)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 (Short)9
Group 2 (Long)10
Standard Care1

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Percentage of Participants With Normal Fasting Plasma Glucose

Normal fasting plasma glucose is defined as <6.1 mmol/L. (NCT01181674)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 (Short)5
Group 2 (Long)5
Standard Care3

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Normoglycemia on Therapy

"Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 1 compared to the control group.~Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 2 compared to the control group.~Normoglycemia on therapy is defined as a mean fasting capillary blood glucose NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 8 weeks and (2) 16 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 and Standard care at 8 weeks
Group 1 (Short)14

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Normoglycemia on Therapy

"Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 1 compared to the control group.~Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 2 compared to the control group.~Normoglycemia on therapy is defined as a mean fasting capillary blood glucose NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 8 weeks and (2) 16 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 2 and Standard care at 16 weeks
Group 2 (Long)19

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Normoglycemia on Therapy

"Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 1 compared to the control group.~Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 2 compared to the control group.~Normoglycemia on therapy is defined as a mean fasting capillary blood glucose NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 8 weeks and (2) 16 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 and Standard care at 8 weeksGroup 2 and Standard care at 16 weeks
Standard Care11

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Mean Blood Glucose of All Readings

Starting 3 hours after the initial index blood glucose (BG) >180 measure, across the entire hospital stay or up through 5 days if hospital length of stay (LOS) is > 5 days (NCT01184014)
Timeframe: starting 3 hours after the initial index BG>180 measure, across the entire hospital stay or up through 5 days if hospital LOS is > 5 days

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Experimental Group157.2
Control Group181.8

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Total Daily Insulin Dose Overall and by Components (Insulin Lispro and Insulin Glargine)

Total daily insulin (TDI) dose was reported at baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks. Daily Insulin Lispro and Insulin Glargine doses were reported at 26 and 52 weeks. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline and 26 weeks and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionunits (Mean)
TDI, BaselineTDI, 26 weeks (n=244, 251, 254)TDI, 52 weeks (n=224, 227, 238)Insulin Lispro, 26 weeks (n=244, 251, 254)Insulin Lispro, 52 weeks (n=224, 227, 238)Insulin Glargine, 26 weeks (n=244, 251, 254)Insulin Glargine, 52 weeks (n=224, 227, 238)
0.75 mg LY218926559.1196.6995.0096.6995.00NANA
1.5 mg LY218926555.2093.2488.1593.2488.15NANA
Insulin Glargine53.93132.00133.1967.7969.1264.4864.07

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Electrocardiogram Parameters, Fridericia Corrected QT (QTcF) Interval and PR Interval

The QT interval is a measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave and was calculated from electrocardiogram (ECG) data using Fridericia's formula: QTc = QT/RR^0.33. Corrected QT (QTc) is the QT interval corrected for heart rate and RR, which is the interval between two R waves. PR is the interval between the P wave and the QRS complex. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, metformin use, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline value as a covariate. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionmilliseconds (msec) (Least Squares Mean)
QTcF interval, 26 weeks (n=241, 242, 236)QTcF interval, 52 weeks (n= 222, 221, 221)PR interval, 26 weeks (n=238, 243, 236)PR interval, 52 weeks (n=220, 222, 221)
0.75 mg LY21892650.301.48-1.750.05
1.5 mg LY21892650.291.890.820.85
Insulin Glargine1.591.80-1.13-0.43

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Body Weight

Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country, treatment, and metformin use as fixed effects and baseline body weight as a covariate. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionkilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks52 weeks
0.75 mg LY21892650.180.86
1.5 mg LY2189265-0.87-0.35
Insulin Glargine2.332.89

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Blood Pressure

Seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, metformin use, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline blood pressure as a covariate. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionmilliliters of mercury (mmHg) (Least Squares Mean)
SBP, 26 weeks (n=255, 261, 258)SBP, 52 weeks (n=239, 240, 246)DBP, 26 weeks (n=255, 261, 258)DBP, 52 weeks (n=239, 240, 246)
0.75 mg LY2189265-0.651.04-0.080.15
1.5 mg LY2189265-0.97-0.260.02-0.01
Insulin Glargine2.231.98-0.23-0.34

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Blood Glucose Values From the 8-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profiles

The self-monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) data were collected at the following 8 time points: pre-morning meal; 2 hours post-morning meal; pre-midday meal; 2 hours post-midday meal; pre-evening meal; 2 hours post-evening meal; bedtime; and 3AM or 5 hours after bedtime. The mean of the 8 time points (Daily Mean) was also calculated. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, metformin, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L)] (Least Squares Mean)
Pre-morning meal, 26 weeks (n=228, 231, 232)Post-morning meal, 26 weeks (n=220, 227, 229)Pre-midday meal, 26 weeks (n=227, 231, 233)Post-midday meal, 26 weeks (n=219, 227, 228)Pre-evening meal, 26 weeks (n=226, 231, 232)Post-evening meal, 26 weeks (n=220, 228, 227)Bedtime, 26 weeks (n=220, 221, 226)After bedtime, 26 weeks (n=208, 216, 208)Daily Mean, 26 weeks (n=202, 206, 199)Pre-morning meal, 52 weeks (n=207, 213, 218)Post-morning meal, 52 weeks (n=200, 211, 211)Pre-midday meal, 52 weeks (n=207, 213, 218)Post-midday meal, 52 weeks (n=202, 210, 212)Pre-evening meal, 52 weeks (n=207, 214, 217)Post-evening meal, 52 weeks (n=200, 210, 212)Bedtime, 52 weeks (n=195, 205, 213)After bedtime, 52 weeks (n=192, 192 197)Daily Mean, 52 weeks (n=182, 185, 189)
0.75 mg LY2189265-0.06-3.29-2.38-4.53-3.06-4.54-3.89-1.50-2.970.05-3.23-2.52-4.29-3.07-4.54-3.96-1.36-2.95
1.5 mg LY2189265-0.36-3.70-2.80-4.51-3.24-4.61-4.00-1.48-3.170.03-3.38-2.53-4.333.00-4.22-3.62-1.17-2.84
Insulin Glargine-2.01-4.03-2.65-3.70-2.74-3.90-3.40-1.96-3.10-2.02-3.76-2.63-3.83-2.67-3.71-3.27-1.80-2.97

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Body Weight at Baseline, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose

(NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks and 4 weeks after last dose

,,
Interventionkilograms (kg) (Mean)
Baseline52 weeks (n=290, 290, 295)4 weeks after last dose (n=259, 260, 253)
0.75 mg LY218926591.6993.2193.14
1.5 mg LY218926591.0091.5891.69
Insulin Glargine90.7594.1494.27

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Blood Pressure at Baseline, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose

Seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks and 4 weeks after last dose

,,
Interventionmilliliters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
SBP, BaselineSBP, 52 weeks (n=290, 290, 295)SBP, 4 weeks after last dose (n=260, 260, 255)DBP, BaselineDBP, 52 weeks (n=290, 290, 295)DBP, 4 weeks after last dose (n=260, 260, 255)
0.75 mg LY2189265134.03134.31134.7277.5777.5977.04
1.5 mg LY2189265133.26132.67133.7777.3377.3376.58
Insulin Glargine133.26134.90132.7577.1877.0776.94

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Change From Baseline to 52-week Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted by treatment, country, baseline metformin, and baseline HbA1c. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
1.5 mg LY2189265-1.48
0.75 mg LY2189265-1.42
Insulin Glargine-1.23

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Change From Baseline to 26-week Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted by treatment, country, baseline metformin, and baseline HbA1c. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
1.5 mg LY2189265-1.64
0.75 mg LY2189265-1.59
Insulin Glargine-1.41

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Electrocardiogram Parameters, Heart Rate

Electrocardiogram (ECG) heart rate was measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, metformin use, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline value as a covariate. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionbeats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=244, 246, 243)52 weeks (n=230, 226, 230)
0.75 mg LY21892654.183.83
1.5 mg LY21892653.953.02
Insulin Glargine1.371.03

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Serum Calcitonin

(NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionpicogram per milliliter (pcg/mL) (Median)
26 weeks (n=283, 282, 285)52 weeks (n=283, 283, 285)
0.75 mg LY21892650.000.00
1.5 mg LY21892650.000.00
Insulin Glargine0.000.00

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Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Body mass index is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, metformin use, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline BMI as a covariate. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionkilograms per meter squared (kg/m^2) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=248, 251, 250)52 weeks (n=225, 224, 232)4 weeks after last dose
0.75 mg LY21892650.210.57NA
1.5 mg LY2189265-0.200.09NA
Insulin Glargine1.011.33NA

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Pulse Rate

Seated pulse rate was measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, metformin use, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionbeats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=255, 261, 258)52 weeks (n=239, 240, 246)
0.75 mg LY21892652.792.27
1.5 mg LY21892652.842.38
Insulin Glargine0.900.93

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Pancreatic Enzymes

Amylase (total and pancreas-derived [PD]) and lipase concentrations were measured. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionunits per liter (U/L) (Median)
Amylase (total), 26 weeks (n=284, 282, 287)Amylase (total), 52 weeks (n=284, 283, 287)Amylase (PD), 26 weeks (n=284, 282, 287)Amylase (PD), 52 weeks (n=284, 283, 287)Lipase, 26 weeks (n=284, 282, 287)Lipase, 52 weeks (n=284, 283, 287)
0.75 mg LY21892654.002.002.502.004.003.00
1.5 mg LY21892655.002.004.003.007.006.00
Insulin Glargine1.000.001.000.00-2.00-2.00

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Number of Participants With Adjudicated Cardiovascular Events up to 52 Weeks

Deaths and nonfatal cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) were adjudicated by a committee of physicians with cardiology expertise external to the Sponsor. The nonfatal cardiovascular AEs to be adjudicated include myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, coronary interventions (such as coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention), and cerebrovascular events including cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and transient ischemic attack. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Any cardiovascular eventAny fatal cardiovascular eventAny non-fatal cardiovascular event
0.75 mg LY2189265606
1.5 mg LY2189265505
Insulin Glargine12211

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Pancreatic Enzymes at Baseline, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose

Amylase (total and pancreas-derived [PD]) and lipase concentrations were measured at baseline and at 4 weeks after last dose (ALD). (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks and 4 weeks after last dose

,,
Interventionunits per liter (U/L) (Mean)
Amylase (total), BaselineAmylase (total), 52 weeks (n=284, 283, 287)Amylase (total), 4 weeks ALD (n=251, 259, 251)Amylase (PD), BaselineAmylase (PD), 52 weeks (n=284, 283, 287)Amylase (PD), 4 weeks ALD (n=251, 260, 251)Lipase, BaselineLipase, 52 weeks (n=284, 283, 287)Lipase, 4 weeks ALD (n=252, 260, 251)
0.75 mg LY218926558.5960.9759.2125.1027.8625.7741.0845.3441.86
1.5 mg LY218926561.2166.0861.6926.5631.3827.5041.4250.5744.19
Insulin Glargine61.1861.9362.1326.4326.9126.8443.2039.3943.02

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in Fasting Serum Glucose

Fasting serum glucose was measured by the central laboratory. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, metformin use, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline fasting blood glucose as a covariate. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=253, 256, 255)52 weeks (n=237, 238, 246)
0.75 mg LY21892650.220.41
1.5 mg LY2189265-0.270.08
Insulin Glargine-1.58-1.01

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Number of Participants With Self-reported Hypoglycemic Events up to 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions and had a plasma glucose [PG] of ≤ 70 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL]), documented symptomatic (any time a participant felt that he/she was experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia and had a PG of ≤ 70 mg/dL), or asymptomatic (events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured PG of ≤ 70 mg/dL). The number of participants with self-reported hypoglycemic events is summarized cumulatively. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Severe HE, 26 weeksSevere HE, 52 weeksSevere HE, 4 weeks after last doseDocumented Symptomatic HE, 26 weeksDocumented Symptomatic HE, 52 weeksDocumented Symptomatic HE, 4 weeks after last doseAsymptomatic HE, 26 weeksAsymptomatic HE, 52 weeksAsymptomatic HE, 4 weeks after last doseTotal HE, 26 weeksTotal HE, 52 weeksTotal HE, 4 weeks after last dose
0.75 mg LY218926557NA242250NA179196NA258263NA
1.5 mg LY218926548NA228235NA174191NA250252NA
Insulin Glargine914NA243247NA198207NA264266NA

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Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events up to 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose

A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an event that first occurs or worsens (increases in severity) after baseline regardless of causality or severity. The number of participants with one or more TEAE is summarized cumulatively at 26 weeks, 52 weeks, and 4 weeks after last dose. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks, 52 weeks, and 4 weeks after last dose

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
26 weeks52 weeks4 weeks after last dose
0.75 mg LY2189265216230235
1.5 mg LY2189265203217223
Insulin Glargine178206211

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Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent LY2189265 Antibodies up to 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose

A participant was considered to have treatment emergent LY2189265 anti-drug antibodies (ADA) if the participant had at least one titer that was treatment-emergent relative to baseline, defined as a 4-fold or greater increase in titer from baseline measurement. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline through 4 weeks after last dose

Interventionparticipants (Number)
26 weeks52 weeks4 weeks after last dose
1.5 mg or 0.75 mg LY2189265NANA9

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Percentage of Participants Attaining Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Less Than 7% and Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at Weeks 26 and 52

The percentage of participants achieving HbA1c level less than 7.0% and less than or equal to 6.5% was analyzed with a repeated logistic regression model (generalized estimating equation model) with baseline HbA1c, baseline metformin, country, and treatment as factors included in the model. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: 26 weeks and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c less than 7.0%, 26 weeksHbA1c less than 7.0%, 52 weeksHbA1c less than or equal to 6.5%, 26 weeksHbA1c less than or equal to 6.5%, 52 weeks
0.75 mg LY218926569.056.343.034.7
1.5 mg LY218926567.658.548.036.7
Insulin Glargine56.849.337.530.4

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Number of Events of Adjudicated Pancreatitis up to 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose

The number of adjudicated (by an independent Clinical Endpoint Committee [CEC]) pancreatic events is summarized at 52 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

,,
Interventionevents (Number)
26 weeks52 weeks4 weeks after last dose
0.75 mg LY2189265NA0NA
1.5 mg LY2189265NA0NA
Insulin GlargineNA0NA

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in the Percentage of Participants Achieving Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Less Than 7% Without Nocturnal or Severe Hypoglycemia

The percentage of participants achieving HbA1c less than 7.0% without nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking) or severe (episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions) hypoglycemia was analyzed with a repeated logistic regression model (generalized estimating equation model) with baseline HbA1c, baseline metformin, country, and treatment as factors included in the model. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
26 weeks52 weeks
0.75 mg LY218926554.544.0
1.5 mg LY218926553.844.0
Insulin Glargine28.226.8

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Pulse Rate at Baseline, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose

Seated pulse rate was measured. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks and 4 weeks after last dose

,,
Interventionbeats per minute (bpm) (Mean)
Baseline52 weeks (n=290, 290, 295)4 weeks after last dose (n=260, 260, 255)
0.75 mg LY218926575.0877.8374.99
1.5 mg LY218926575.2678.3074.52
Insulin Glargine74.5476.0275.27

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Rate of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Events up to 52 Weeks

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions and had a plasma glucose [PG] of ≤ 70 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL]), documented symptomatic (any time a participant felt that he/she was experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia and had a PG of ≤ 70 mg/dL), or asymptomatic (events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured PG of ≤ 70 mg/dL). The 1-year adjusted rate of hypoglycemic events is summarized cumulatively at 52 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

,,
Interventionevents per participant per year (Mean)
Severe HEDocumented Symptomatic HEAsymptomatic HETotal HE
0.75 mg LY21892650.0535.0311.5647.42
1.5 mg LY21892650.0330.989.5541.52
Insulin Glargine0.0839.9014.2055.93

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Serum Calcitonin at Baseline, 52 Weeks, and 4 Weeks After Last Dose

(NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks and 4 weeks after last dose

,,
Interventionpicomole per liter (Mean)
Baseline52 weeks (n=284, 283, 285)4 weeks after last dose (n=245, 254, 246)
0.75 mg LY21892650.730.780.73
1.5 mg LY21892650.750.790.76
Insulin Glargine0.780.800.87

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in the EQ-5D

The EQ-5D questionnaire is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. It consists of 2 parts: the first part assesses 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) that have 3 possible levels of response (no problem, some problem, or extreme problem). These dimensions are converted into a weighted health-state Index Score. The EQ-5D United Kingdom (UK) score ranges from -0.59 to 1.0, where a score of 1.0 indicates perfect health and negative values are valued as worse than dead. The second part consists of a visual analog scale (VAS) on which the participants rated their perceived health state on that day from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health). Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted by treatment, country, metformin use, and baseline. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
EQ-5D UK, 26 weeks (n=272, 271, 274)EQ-5D UK, 52 weeks (n=274, 274, 281)VAS, 26 weeks (n=278, 275, 275)VAS, 52 weeks (n=279, 278, 282)
0.75 mg LY2189265-0.03-0.04-2.30-2.54
1.5 mg LY2189265-0.03-0.04-1.69-0.46
Insulin Glargine-0.03-0.03-0.60-0.18

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in the Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS)

The Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) contains 33 items comprised of 2 subscales (behavior and worry), each of which is rated on a 5-point numeric rating scale from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). It captures behavioral changes associated with the concerns and experiences of hypoglycemia and the degree to which participants are worried about certain aspects associated with hypoglycemia during the previous 4 weeks. The behavior (or avoidance) subscale has 15 items, and the worry (or affect) subscale has 18 items. Subscale scores are calculated by summing participant responses to items (behavior range 0-60; worry range 0-72). A total score is calculated as the sum of both subscales (range 0-132). Higher scores indicate greater negative impact on subscales and total score. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country, treatment and metformin use as fixed effects and baseline score as a covariate. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=251, 256, 250)52 weeks (n=234, 238, 244)
0.75 mg LY21892652.910.92
1.5 mg LY21892653.752.51
Insulin Glargine2.832.38

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in the Impact of Weight on Self-Perception (IW-SP)

The Impact of Weight on Self-Perception (IW-SP) questionnaire contains 3 items that assess how often the participants' body weight affects how happy they are with their appearance and how often they feel self-conscious when out in public. Items are scored on a 5-point numeric rating scale where 5 = never and 1 = always. A single total score is calculated by summing the scores for all 3 items. Total score ranges between 3 and 15, where a higher score is indicative of better self-perception. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country, treatment, and metformin use as fixed effects and baseline score as a covariate. (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=277, 274, 274)52 weeks (n=278, 277, 281)
0.75 mg LY21892650.340.22
1.5 mg LY21892650.600.86
Insulin Glargine0.180.06

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Change From Baseline to 26 and 52 Weeks in the Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living (IW-ADL)

"The Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living questionnaire (renamed the Ability to Perform Physical Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire [APPADL]) contains 7 items that assess how difficult it is for participants to engage in certain activities considered to be integral to normal daily life, such as walking, standing and climbing stairs. Items are scored on a 5-point numeric rating scale where 5 = not at all difficult and 1 = unable to do. The individual scores from all 7 items are summed and a single total score is calculated and may range between 7 and 35. A higher score indicates better ability to perform activities of daily living. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country, treatment, and metformin use as fixed effects and baseline score as a covariate." (NCT01191268)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks (n=274, 270, 270)52 weeks (n=277, 275, 279)
0.75 mg LY2189265-0.60-1.05
1.5 mg LY2189265-0.50-0.50
Insulin Glargine-0.93-1.28

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Mean Daily Insulin Dose

Prandial insulin doses were recorded during 10-point glucose monitoring for a total of 3 days during each treatment period (3 days during Week 10 of Treatment Period 1 and 3 days during Week 22 of Treatment Period 2). The mean daily insulin dose over the 3 days during each treatment period is presented. Data is presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts). (NCT01194245)
Timeframe: Week 10 and Week 22

Interventionunits (U) (Mean)
Analog-PH2054.28
Insulin Lispro56.05

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at the End of Each Treatment Period

Body weight was measured at baseline (Week 0) and at the end of each treatment period (Week 12 and Week 24). Data is presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts). (NCT01194245)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

Interventionpounds (lbs) (Mean)
Analog-PH20-0.25
Insulin Lispro0.10

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) at the End of Each Treatment Period

Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HBA1c) levels were measured at baseline (Week 0) and at the end of each treatment period (Week 12 and Week 24). Data are presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts). Least Squares (LS) means were calculated from mixed effects linear models with treatment (Lispro, Aspart), recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20; yes, no), and treatment sequence as fixed effects and participant within treatment sequence as a random effect. (NCT01194245)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin A1C (Mean)
Analog-PH20-0.14
Insulin Lispro-0.19

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Percentage of Participants Meeting Glucose Targets

Participants were instructed to monitor their blood glucose levels a minimum of 4 times per day on all non-10-point glucose monitoring days. The number of participants meeting 90-minute postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) targets of <140 and <180 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) for at least 2/3 of values during non-10-point glucose monitoring days was recorded. The percentage was calculated by dividing the number of participants with values meeting the specified target at least 2/3 of the time by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. Data is presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts). (NCT01194245)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 24, excluding 10-point glucose monitoring days

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
PPG <140 mg/dL for all mealsPPG <140 mg/dL for breakfastPPG <180 mg/dL for all mealsPPG <180 mg/dL for breakfast
Analog-PH2015.021.469.970.5
Insulin Lispro8.810.659.354.0

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Rates of Hypoglycemia at the End of Each Treatment Period

Overall rates of hypoglycemia (blood glucose ≤70 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL] and <56 mg/dL) were calculated based on 4 weeks of observation for each treatment period. Data is presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts). A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01194245)
Timeframe: Week 12 and Week 24

,
Interventionevents per participant per month (Number)
≤70 mg/dL<56 mg/dL
Analog-PH2018.967.50
Insulin Lispro19.918.05

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Mean Daily Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Excursions

Participants performed 10-point glucose monitoring for a total of 3 days during each treatment period (3 days during Week 10 of Treatment Period 1 and 3 days during Week 22 of Treatment Period 2). Mean daily postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) excursions (referring to the change in blood glucose levels from before to after a meal) during 10-point glucose monitoring for breakfast, lunch, and dinner are presented. Data were collected 1 and 2 hours (hr) after each meal for 3 days and the means of each excursion are presented. (NCT01194245)
Timeframe: Week 10 and Week 22

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Mean)
1-hr breakfast excursion2-hr breakfast excursion1-hr lunch excursion2-hr lunch excursion1-hr dinner excursion2-hr dinner excursion
Analog-PH2018.85-5.6316.2610.68-0.31-5.13
Insulin Lispro27.467.0826.2520.774.47-5.16

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Rates of Hypoglycemia at the End of Each Treatment Period

The rate of hypoglycemia, defined as blood glucose levels ≤70 mg/dL and <56 mg/dL, was calculated based on 4 weeks of observation prior to the end of treatment period (that is, Week 12 and Week 24). Data are presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin lispro from both groups). A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events, regardless of causality, is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01194258)
Timeframe: Week 12 and Week 24

,
InterventionEvents per participant per month (Number)
Blood glucose <70 mg/dL (n=111, n=113)Blood glucose <56 mg/dL (n=91, n=86)
Analog-PH207.921.99
Insulin Lispro7.661.78

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) at the End of Each Treatment Period

Change in glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) from baseline (Week 0) to end of treatment period (Week 12 and Week 24) is presented. Data are presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (PH20) + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin lispro from both groups). Least squares (LS) means were calculated from linear contrasts of mixed effects linear models with treatment (Lispro, Aspart), PH20 (yes, no), and treatment sequence as fixed effects and participant within treatment sequence as a random effect. (NCT01194258)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

Interventionpercentage of HbA1C (Mean)
Analog-PH20-0.48
Insulin Lispro-0.46

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Mean Daily Insulin Dose as Recorded During 10-Point Glucose Monitoring

Mean daily insulin dose as recorded during 10-point glucose monitoring is reported. Blood glucose values were obtained during a total of 3 days during each treatment period (3 days during Week 10 of Treatment Period 1 and 3 days during Week 22 of Treatment Period 2) at the following timepoints: immediately prior to breakfast (fasting), 1 hour (hr) after breakfast, 2 hr after breakfast, immediately prior to lunch, 1 hr after lunch, 2 hr after lunch, immediately prior to dinner, 1 hr after dinner, 2 hr after dinner, and at 03:00. A minimum of 7 determinations were required for each day during the 3 days of 10-point glucose profiles. Prandial insulin doses were also recorded during the 10-point glucose monitoring and the mean daily insulin dose over the 3 days was calculated. Data are presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts). (NCT01194258)
Timeframe: Week 10 and Week 22

Interventionunits of Insulin (Mean)
Analog-PH20122.99
Insulin Lispro127.47

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Percentage of Participants Meeting Glucose Targets at Least 2/3 of the Time

Participants were instructed to monitor their blood glucose levels a minimum of 4 times per day on all non-10-point glucose monitoring days. The number of participants meeting 90-minute postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) targets of <140 and <180 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) for at least 2/3 of values was recorded during non-10-point glucose monitoring was recorded. The number of participants was recorded, and the percentage of participants meeting glucose targets was calculated by the number of participants with values meeting the specified target at least 2/3 of the time by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. Data is presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts). (NCT01194258)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 24, excluding 10-point glucose monitoring days

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Overall 90-minute PPG <140 mg/dLPPG <140 mg/dL for breakfastPPG <140 mg/dL for lunchPPG <140 mg/dL for dinnerOverall 90 minute PPG <180 mg/dLPPG <180 mg/dL for breakfastPPG <180 mg/dL for lunchPPG <180 mg/dL for dinner
Analog-PH2013.924.328.713.071.370.483.567.0
Insulin Lispro14.817.426.115.774.865.280.070.4

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at the End of Each Treatment Period

Change from baseline in body weight at the end of each treatment period (Week 12 and Week 24) is presented. Data are presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin lispro from both cohorts). (NCT01194258)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

Interventionpounds (Mean)
Analog-PH203.35
Insulin-lispro3.44

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Mean Daily PPG Excursions

Participants performed 10-point glucose monitoring for a total of 3 days during each treatment period (3 days during Week 10 of Treatment Period 1 and 3 days during Week 22 of Treatment Period 2). Mean daily PPG excursions during 10-point glucose monitoring for breakfast, lunch, and dinner from Treatment Period 1 or Treatment Period 2 are presented. PPG refers to the change in glucose concentration before to after a meal. Data were collected 1 and 2 hours (hr) after each meal. Data are presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (insulin lispro from both cohorts). (NCT01194258)
Timeframe: Week 10 and Week 22

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
1 hr after breakfast excursion (n=105, n=107)2 hr after breakfast excursion (n=105, n=107)1 hr after lunch excursion (n=105, n=106)2 hr after lunch excursion (n=104, n=106)1 hr after dinner excursion (n=104, n=107)2 hr after dinner excursion (n=104, n=107)
Analog-PH2033.6716.6418.4720.7621.2412.72
Insulin Lispro40.3822.9427.2825.2718.0915.75

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Number of Subjects Reporting Cough Episodes

Number of Subjects Reporting Cough Episodes (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine4
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine0

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Number of Cough Episodes Occuring Within 10 Minutes of Drug Inhalation

(NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

InterventionCough episodes (Number)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine5
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine0

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Mild or Moderate Hypoglycemic Event Rate

"Mild or moderate hypoglycemic event rate, ie, total number of events divided by subject-months of observation~Nonsevere hypoglycemia is defined as a subject:~SMBG levels < 70 mg/dL AND/OR~Symptoms that are relieved by the self-administration of carbohydrates" (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

InterventionEvents / subject-month (Number)
Technosphere® Insulin Inhalation Powder (TI)4.47
Comparator4.41

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Change in HbA1c (%) From Baseline to Week 16

Change from Baseline in glycated hemoglobin at Week 16 (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

InterventionPercentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine-1.2179
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine-1.2652

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Baseline Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

Baseline FVC (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline

InterventionL (Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine3.63
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine3.48

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Baseline Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)

Baseline FEV1 (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline

InterventionL (Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine2.97
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine2.83

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Number of Single Coughing Episodes

Total number of times patients coughed only once (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

InterventionCough episodes (Number)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine1
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine0

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Week 20 (Follow-up) Forced Vital Capacity

Week 20 (Follow-up, 4 weeks after discontinuation of study treatment) FVC (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Week 20

InterventionL (Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine3.77
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine3.57

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Week 20 (Follow-up) Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second

Week 20 (Follow-up) FEV1, 4 weeks after discontinuation of study treatment (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Week 20 (Follow-up)

InterventionL (Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine3.07
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine2.86

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Week 20 (Follow-up) Change From Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity

Week 20 (Follow-up, 4 weeks after discontinuation of study treatment) Change from Baseline in FVC (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 20

InterventionL (Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine-0.05
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine-0.06

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Week 20 (Follow-up) Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second

Week 20 (Follow-up, 4 weeks after discontinuation of study treatment) Change from Baseline in FEV1 (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 20

InterventionL (Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine-0.07
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine-0.05

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Week 16 Forced Vital Capacity

Week 16 FVC (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Week 16

InterventionL (Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine3.61
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine3.33

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Week 16 Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second

Week 16 FEV1 (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Week 16

InterventionL (Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine2.91
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine2.66

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Week 16 Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second

Week 16 Change from Baseline in FEV1 (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

InterventionL (Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine-0.14
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine-0.07

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Week 16 Change From Baseline Forced Vital Capacity

Week 16 Change from Baseline FVC (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

InterventionL (Mean)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine-0.13
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine-0.07

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Total Number of Cough Episodes

Total number of times patients coughed once, intermittently or continuously (inclusive) (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

InterventionCough episodes (Number)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine5
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine0

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Severe Hypoglycemic Event Rate

"Severe hypoglycemic event rate, ie, total number of events divided by subject-months of observation~Severe hypoglycemia is defined as a subject who requires the assistance of another individual (not merely requested) and either:~SMBG levels ≤ 36 mg/dL OR~There is a prompt response to the administration of carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative measures" (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

InterventionEvents / subject-month (Number)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine0.01
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine0.34

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Number of Subjects Reporting Intermittent Coughing Episodes

Number of subjects reporting Intermittent Coughing Episodes (NCT01196104)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Technosphere Insulin + Insulin Glargine4
Insulin Aspart + Insulin Glargine0

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HbA1c at Three Months of Each Period of Treatment

Data was collected by group (NCT01203774)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3 (End of Intervention 1), Month 6 (End of intervention 2)

,
Interventionpercentage (DCCT unit) (Mean)
Baseline HbA1cHbA1C at 3 months (end of intervention 1, before crossover)HbA1c at 6 Months (end of dose 2, after crossover)
Group 1: Pen-administered, Then Syringe-admnistered Glargine10.77.88.5
Group 2: Syringe-administered Then Pen-administered Glargine11.27.37.1

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Patient Overall Preference

"The patient preference was assessed in terms of the difference in scores obtained from the overall preference question 14d Overall, what is your level of preference for each of the insulin delivery systems?~5 points scale: from 1=Not preferred to 5= Always preferred" (NCT01226043)
Timeframe: At week 4 (end of crossover phase)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
SoloSTAR® Pen4.75
Vial and Syringe2.45

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Percentage of Patients Who Discontinued Investigational Product (IP) During the Crossover Phase

(NCT01226043)
Timeframe: From baseline to week 4 (crossover phase)

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
SoloSTAR® Pen (Period 1)1.49
Vial and Syringe (Period 2)2.01
SoloSTAR® Pen (Period 2)3.09
Vial and Syringe (Period 1)3.00

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Percentage of Patients Achieving Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) <110 mg/dL

(NCT01226043)
Timeframe: At week 10 (end of re-randomization phase)

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
SoloSTAR® Pen28.8
Vial and Syringe30.5

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Patient Preference Composite Score

"The patient preference composite score was the sum of the scores of the 3 following individual preference questions from the Patient preference Questionnaire:~Question 14a: How strongly do you prefer each of these insulin delivery systems to control blood sugar?~Question 14b: If using insulin for the first time, how strongly would you prefer using each of these delivery systems to overcome reluctance to use insulin?~Question 14c: How strongly would you prefer each insulin delivery system for long-term use?~Each individual question scored from 1 to 5. The lowest score 1 indicated 'Not Preferred' and the highest score 5 indicated 'Always Preferred'. Therefore the total range of the composite score was 3 to 15." (NCT01226043)
Timeframe: At week 4 (end of crossover phase)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
SoloSTAR® Pen14.2
Vial and Syringe7.49

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Percentage of Patients Who Discontinued Investigational Product During the Re-randomization Phase

(NCT01226043)
Timeframe: From week 4 to week 10 (re-randomization phase)

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
SoloSTAR® Pen3.6
Vial and Syringe5.5

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Change in Lantus Dose Injected Per Day

(NCT01226043)
Timeframe: From week 4 (baseline for re-randomization phase) to week 10 (end of re-randomization phase)

InterventionU (insulin unit) (Least Squares Mean)
SoloSTAR® Pen6.361
Vial and Syringe6.336

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Time to First Observation of HbA1c <7%

(NCT01226043)
Timeframe: From week 10 to week 40 (observational phase)

InterventionDays since Re-randomization (week 4) (Median)
SoloSTAR® Pen166
Vial and Syringe168

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Number of Patients With Hypoglycemic Events

The hypoglycemic event was to be recorded on the electronic case report form hypoglycemia page and had to fit in one of the following categories: Mild-to-moderate hypoglycemia (36 mg/dL ≤ Self Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) <70mg/dL), Severe hypoglycemia (assistance of another person is required, and either a recorded SMBG <36 mg/dL, or treatment with oral carbohydrates, intravenous glucose or glucagon with prompt response) or Hypoglycemia symptoms with or without SMBG values with a documented SMBG >70 mg/dL, or no recorded SMBG value. Only hypoglycemia events associated with coma, loss of consciousness or seizure were considered serious adverse event (SAEs). (NCT01226043)
Timeframe: each study phase (crossover, re-randomization, observational) up to 40 weeks

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants having reported the event (Number)
Hypoglycemic event with or without SMBGHypoglycemia with SMBGSymptomatic hypoglycemiaHypoglycemia, assistance requiredSevere hypoglycemiaSerious hypoglycemia
Crossover Phase: SoloSTAR® Pen726957330
Crossover Phase: Vial and Syringe838168220
Observational Phase: SoloSTAR® Pen767561870
Observational Phase: Vial and Syringe73716111110
Re-randomization Phase: SoloSTAR® Pen433837220
Re-randomization Phase: Vial and Syringe484737540

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Percentage of Patients Who Discontinued Investigational Product During the Observational Phase

(NCT01226043)
Timeframe: From week 10 to week 40 (observational phase)

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
SoloSTAR® Pen3.8
Vial and Syringe8.5

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

(NCT01226043)
Timeframe: From week 4 (baseline for re-randomization phase) to week 10 (end of re-randomization phase)

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
SoloSTAR® Pen-14.3
Vial and Syringe-14.5

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Healthcare Professional's (HCP) Recommendation

"The overall recommendation score was obtained from the question 20d of the Healthcare Professional Questionnaire: Overall, how strongly would you recommend each of the insulin delivery systems for your patients?~5 points scale: from 1= Not Recommended to 5= Recommended" (NCT01226043)
Timeframe: At week 4 (end of crossover phase)

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
SoloSTAR® Pen5.0
Vial and Syringe3.0

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Percentage of Patients Achieving HbA1c Goal

Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c < 7% at Week 40 (end of the observational phase) (NCT01226043)
Timeframe: measured at week 40 or at study discontinuation

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
SoloSTAR® Pen37.7
Vial and Syringe37.0

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Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: Status (DTSQs) Score

Treatment satisfaction was assessed using the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: Status (DTSQs). The questionnaire contains eight items scored on a seven-point scale where 0 = very dissatisfied and 6 = very satisfied. The satisfaction score is obtained from summing responses to questions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and the total score can range from 0 to 36. Higher scores indicate higher satisfaction with diabetes treatment. (NCT01240200)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12
Pen (Period 1) / Vial & Syringe (Period 2)31.534.2
Vial & Syringe (Period 1) / Pen (Period 2)28.232.2

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Fasting Blood Glucose

Blood sugar levels are influenced by the size and types of food consumed during the last meal and the production and response to insulin. Fasting blood glucose levels of less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) are considered normal. Values between 100 and 125 mg/dL indicate prediabetes and values of 126 mg/dL and higher indicate diabetes. Fasting blood glucose levels can lower depending on food consumed and medications. (NCT01240200)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12
Pen (Period 1) / Vial & Syringe (Period 2)157134
Vial & Syringe (Period 1) / Pen (Period 2)159126

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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. (NCT01240200)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

,
Interventionpercentage of Hemoglobin A1c (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12
Pen (Period 1) / Vial & Syringe (Period 2)8.57.6
Vial & Syringe (Period 1) / Pen (Period 2)8.77.6

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Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: Change (DTSQc) Score

Treatment satisfaction after crossover into the second treatment period was assessed using the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: Change (DTSQc). The questionnaire contains eight items scored on a seven-point scale where -3 = much less satisfied now and 3 = much more satisfied now. The satisfaction score is obtained from summing responses to questions 1, and 4 through 8 (the remaining two items assess perceived blood sugar levels). The total score can range from -18 to 18. Higher scores indicate higher satisfaction with the new diabetes treatment, compared to prior treatment, while scores below 0 mean that satisfaction with the new delivery method of insulin in Period 2 is lower than satisfaction with the delivery method in Period 1. (NCT01240200)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Vial & Syringe (Period 1) / Pen (Period 2)16.4
Pen (Period 1) / Vial & Syringe (Period 2)-2.3

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Number of Hypoglycemic Events

The number of hypoglycemic events occurring during the 24-week study period is reported here. For the purposes of this study, hypoglycemia is defined as a capillary and/or laboratory blood glucose value of less than 70 mg/dL. (NCT01240200)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionhypoglycemic events (Number)
Vial & Syringe72
SoloSTAR Pen36

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Percent of Participants With Dosing Errors

Percentage of participants who had dosing errors during the course of the study (both study periods). Participants were instructed on using each device and practiced preparing and injecting the insulin dose into a pillow to assess accuracy with each method of delivering insulin. Dosing errors were defined as inaccurate preparation or injection by less than or equal to 10% of the intended dose, independent of vision and dexterity function. (NCT01240200)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Vial & Syringe90
SoloSTAR Pen20

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Percentage of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With a Reduction in the Doses/Number of Diabetes Medications Used Preoperatively

A list of patients medication will be collected to assess the percentage of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients with a reduction in the doses/number of diabetes medications used preoperatively (NCT01257087)
Timeframe: 1 year after surgery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intensive Glycaemic Control18
Conservative Glycaemic Control17

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Percentage of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Achieve Fasting Blood Glucose of Less Than 5.6 mmol/l and/or HbA1c of Less Than 6%

Patients will be tested off all anti-diabetes medications if safe to do so to assess the percentage of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who achieve fasting blood glucose of less than 5.6 mmol/l and/or HbA1c of less than 6% (NCT01257087)
Timeframe: 1 year after surgery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intensive Glycaemic Control4
Conservative Glycaemic Control4

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Number of Participants With Microvascular Events

Composite of microvascular events will be defined as new or worsening nephropathy, retinopathy or neuropathy. (NCT01257087)
Timeframe: 1 year after surgery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intensive Glycaemic Control0
Conservative Glycaemic Control0

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Change in Body Weight

Observed change from baseline in body weight after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01272193)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionkg (Mean)
IDegAsp OD0.7
IGlar OD0.7

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Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Observed rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT01272193)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDegAsp OD39
IGlar OD53

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Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Observed rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT01272193)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDegAsp OD191
IGlar OD271

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Mean Increment of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at the Main Evening Meal

Observed mean increment of the 9-point self-measured plasma glucose profile (SMPG) at the main evening meal (NCT01272193)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDegAsp OD1.4
IGlar OD4.7

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Observed change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01272193)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDegAsp OD-1.35
IGlar OD-1.22

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Rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Severity assessed by investigator. Mild: no or transient symptoms, no interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate: marked symptoms, moderate interference with subject's daily activities. Severe: considerable interference with subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious AE: AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT01272193)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up

,
InterventionEvents/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
Adverse events (AEs)Serious AEsSevere AEsModerate AEsMild AEsFatal AEs
IDegAsp OD33471173160
IGlar OD36840143530

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Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)

(NCT01374178)
Timeframe: Periods 1 and 2: Baseline up to 24 hours

Interventiongrams per hour (g/h) (Geometric Mean)
LY296301610.2
Lantus11.3

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Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve (AUC)

AUC from time zero to 24 hours (AUC0-24) is reported for this outcome measure. (NCT01374178)
Timeframe: Periods 1 and 2: Baseline up to 24 hours

Interventionpicomole*hour per liter (pmol*hr/L) (Geometric Mean)
LY29630161900
Lantus2180

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Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Concentration (Cmax)

(NCT01374178)
Timeframe: Periods 1 and 2: Baseline up to 24 hours

Interventionpicomole per liter (pmol/L) (Geometric Mean)
LY2963016110
Lantus130

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Total Glucose Infused (Gtot)

(NCT01374178)
Timeframe: Periods 1 and 2: Baseline up to 24 hours

Interventiongram (g) (Geometric Mean)
LY2963016141
Lantus160

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Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Effects

Clinically significant effects were defined as serious and nonserious adverse events. A summary of serious and all other nonserious adverse events is located in the Reported Adverse Event module. (NCT01374178)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 30 days

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Serious Adverse EventsNonserious Adverse Events
Lantus06
LY296301608

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Time of Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (tRmax)

(NCT01374178)
Timeframe: Periods 1 and 2: Baseline up to 24 hours

Interventionhour (h) (Median)
LY296301610.5
Lantus10.2

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Number of Patients With Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes Among the 3 Treatment Groups

severe hypoglycemic episodes are defined as blood glucose levels <40 mg/dl. The number of patients with these events during the 5 days of hospitalization are recorded and compared. BG was measured before each meal and at bedtime (or every 6 h if a patient was not eating) using a point-of-care glucose meter. (NCT01378117)
Timeframe: during hospitalization,up to 5 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin + SSI Prn0
Sitagliptin and Glargine + SSI0
Glargine and Lispro + SSI0

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Mean Total Daily Dose of Insulin in Units/Day Given During Hospitalization Among the Three Groups

The total insulin includes total glargine insulin (units/day) and total lispro insulin (units/day) given to subjects for maintaining blood glucose levels during hospitalization in different groups. The goal of therapy was to maintain a fasting and premeal glucose concentration between 100 and 140 mg/dL. The doses of insulin were adjusted daily according to protocol. The mean amount is calculated among the different groups and compared. (NCT01378117)
Timeframe: during hospitalization, up to 10 days

Interventionunits/day (Mean)
Sitagliptin + SSI Prn11.5
Sitagliptin and Glargine + SSI28.2
Glargine and Lispro + SSI39.8

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Number of Deaths Among the Subjects in Different Groups

Mortality is defined as death occurring during admission among the participants. The number of deaths in each assigned group is calculated. (NCT01378117)
Timeframe: during hospitalization, up to 10 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin + SSI Prn0
Sitagliptin and Glargine + SSI0
Glargine and Lispro + SSI0

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Number of Patients With a Mean Daily BG > 240 mg/dL After the 1st Day of Treatment Among the Treatment Groups

Mean daily blood glucose levels are measured to assess the treatment Failures. For study purpose Treatment failure was defined as having three or more consecutive Blood Glucose (BG) readings > 240 mg/dL or a mean daily BG >240 mg/dL after the 1st day of treatment. Number of patients with a mean daily BG > 240 mg/dL after the 1st day of treatment are recorded and compared among the treatment groups. BG was measured before each meal and at bedtime (or every 6 h if a patient was not eating) using a point-of-care glucose meter. (NCT01378117)
Timeframe: during hospitalization,up to 10 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin + SSI Prn3
Sitagliptin and Glargine + SSI1
Glargine and Lispro + SSI2

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Number of Patients With Hypoglycemic Events Among the Treatment Groups

Hypoglycemia is defined as blood glucose (BG) reading <70 mg/dl. The number of hypoglycemia events during hospitalization are recorded and compared among the different groups. BG was measured before each meal and at bedtime (or every 6 h if a patient was not eating) using a point-of-care glucose meter (NCT01378117)
Timeframe: during hospitalization,up to 10 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin + SSI Prn1
Sitagliptin and Glargine + SSI2
Glargine and Lispro + SSI2

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Mean Length of Stay in Days in the Hospital Among Different Groups

The duration of stay in days in the hospital between the three groups is calculated and mean number of days is measured. (NCT01378117)
Timeframe: during hospitalization, up to 10 days

Interventiondays (Mean)
Sitagliptin + SSI Prn6.3
Sitagliptin and Glargine + SSI6.9
Glargine and Lispro + SSI6.3

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Number of Subjects With Acute Renal Failure Among the Three Randomized Groups During Hospitalization

Acute renal failure is defined as a clinical diagnosis of acute renal failure with documented new-onset abnormal renal function (serum creatinine > 2.2 mg/dL or an increment > 0.5 mg/dL from baseline). The total daily dose of insulin and sitagliptin will be adjusted as per serum creatinine concentration. The total daily insulin dose will be reduced to 0.3 unit/kg in patients with creatinine >1.7 mg/dl. The dose of sitagliptin will be reduced to 50 mg/day in patients with creatinine clearance between 30-50 ml/min (approximate serum creatinine levels >1.7 and ≤3.0 mg/dl for men and >1.5 and ≤2.5 mg/dl for women). (NCT01378117)
Timeframe: during hospitalization, up to 10 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin + SSI Prn0
Sitagliptin and Glargine + SSI0
Glargine and Lispro + SSI0

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Mean Blood Glucose Levels Among the Three Groups at the Time of Hospitalization to 1st Day After Therapy

The primary outcome of the study is to determine differences in glycemic control as measured by mean BG concentration between sitagliptin once daily and basal bolus therapy with glargine once daily plus supplemental lispro insulin in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, at the time of admission to the blood glucose levels 24hrs after the therapy (NCT01378117)
Timeframe: Admission and after 1st day of therapy

,,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
At time of admissionAfter 1st day of therapy
Glargine and Lispro + SSI225158.3
Sitagliptin + SSI Prn209168.4
Sitagliptin and Glargine + SSI203154.2

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Percent of Blood Glucose Readings Within Target Range Between 70 and 140 mg/dL Among the Three Groups After 24 Hrs of Randomized Treatment

The blood glucose within target range is defined as the levels between 70 mg/dL and 140 mg/dL. BG was measured before each meal and at bedtime (or every 6 h if a patient was not eating) using a point-of-care glucose meter (ACCUCHECK; Roche, Indianapolis, IN). In addition, BG was measured at any time if a patient experienced symptoms of hypoglycemia or if requested by the treating physician. the percentage of the readings are calculated and compared (NCT01378117)
Timeframe: during hospitalization, up to 10 days

Interventionpercentage of blood glucose readings (Mean)
Sitagliptin + SSI Prn36
Sitagliptin and Glargine + SSI43
Glargine and Lispro + SSI43

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Incidence of Hypoglycemic Events

A hypoglycemic event is defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing a sign or symptom that is associated with hypoglycemia, or has blood glucose (BG) concentration of ≤70 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) even if it was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment consistent with current American Diabetes Association (ADA: 2005) guidelines. Severe hypoglycemia is defined as a hypoglycemic event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions (these episodes may be associated with sufficient neuroglycopenia to induce seizure or coma; also, BG measurements may not be available during such an event). Nocturnal hypoglycemia is defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurs between bedtime and waking. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Baseline and Endpoint (up to 24 weeks)

,
Interventionhypoglycemic events in 24 weeks (Number)
Total Events with BG ≤70 mg/dLSevere EventsNocturnal Events with BG ≤70 mg/dL
Lantus + OAMs384521386
LY2963016 + OAMs356471248

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Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ)

ITSQ is a validated instrument containing 22 items that assess treatment satisfaction for participants with diabetes and on insulin. Items divided into 5 domains of satisfaction: Inconvenience of Regimen [(IR) 5 items: domain scores range (DSR) 5-35], Lifestyle Flexibility [(LF) 3 items: DSR 3-21], Glycemic Control [(GC) 3 items: DSR 3-21], Hypoglycemic Control [(HC) 5 items: DSR 5-35], Insulin Delivery Device [(IDD) 6 items: DSR 6-42]. All items measured on a 7-point scale: 1 (no bother at all) to 7 (a tremendous bother), with lower scores reflecting better outcomes. ITSQ Total Overall Raw Scores range from 22-154. Both raw domain and overall scores are transformed on a scale of 0-100, where transformed score=100*[(7-mean raw score)/6]. Higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction. Least Squares (LS) mean are determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted for Baseline HbA1c, country, sulfonylurea use, time of basal insulin injection, and treatment. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: 4 weeks (wk) and 12 wk and Endpoint (EP) (up to 24 wk)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
IR- 4 wk (n=352, 354)IR- 12 wk (n=350, 348)IR- EP, up to 24 wk (n=368, 371)LF- 4 wk (n=352, 354)LF-12 wk (n=350, 350)LF- EP, up to 24 wk (n=368, 372)HC- 4 wk (n=352, 354)HC- 12 wk (n=350, 348)HC- EP, up to 24 wk (n=368, 372)GC- 4 wk (n=352, 354)GC- 12 wk (n=350, 347)GC- EP, up to 24 wk (n=368, 372)IDD- 4 wk (n=352, 353)IDD- 12 wk (n=348, 349)IDD- EP, up to 24 wk (n=368, 372)ITSQ Overall Total- 4 wk (n=352, 354)ITSQ Overall Total- 12 wk (n=349, 348)ITSQ Overall Total- EP, up to 24 wk (n=368, 372)
Lantus + OAMs86.1284.5485.2179.8778.1678.3280.3377.7379.0875.4781.3880.2673.2272.2173.8778.9878.3079.06
LY2963016 + OAMs86.1083.4485.6279.6576.6978.0079.3677.1577.5175.6778.9580.7470.5670.9772.8578.0277.0678.54

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Percentage of Participants With Detectable Insulin Antibody Levels

(NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks and 12 weeks and 24 weeks and Endpoint (up to 24 weeks) and Baseline to 24 weeks (Overall)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Baseline (n=365, 365)4 weeks (n=362, 359)12 weeks (n= 351, 344)24 weeks (n=337, 328)Endpoint, up to 24 weeks (n= 365, 365)Baseline to 24 weeks (Overall) (n= 365, 365)
Lantus + OAMs3.63.66.75.86.011.0
LY2963016 + OAMs5.57.27.18.68.215.3

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7 % and HbA1c ≤6.5%

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks and 8 weeks and 12 weeks and 16 weeks and 20 weeks and 24 weeks and Endpoint (up to 24 weeks)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c- at Baseline < 7.0 % (n=369, 375)HbA1c- at Baseline ≤ 6.5% (n=369, 375)HbA1c- at 4 weeks < 7% (n=368, 371)HbA1c- at 4 week ≤ 6.5%(n=368, 371)HbA1c- at 8 weeks < 7% (n=359, 358)HbA1c- at 8 weeks ≤ 6.5% (n=359, 358)HbA1c- at 12 weeks <7% (n=349, 351)HbA1c- at 12 weeks ≤ 6.5% (n=349, 351)HbA1c- at 16 weeks <7% (n=345, 345)HbA1c- at 16 weeks ≤ 6.5% (n=345, 345)HbA1c- at 20 weeks < 7% (n=338, 334)HbA1c- at 20 weeks ≤ 6.5% (n=338, 334)HbA1c- at 24 weeks < 7% (n=331, 329)HbA1c- at 24 weeks ≤ 6.5% (n=331, 329)HbA1c- Endpoint, up to 24 weeks <7% (n=369, 375)HbA1c- Endpoint, up to 24 weeks ≤ 6.5% (n=369,375)
Lantus + OAMs7.22.415.45.929.914.543.022.852.828.454.232.655.932.552.530.4
LY2963016 + OAMs6.23.516.65.727.010.339.320.346.724.349.426.650.827.548.826.8

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7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles

Seven-point SMBG are completed at the following timepoints: Morning (AM) Pre-Meal, Morning (AM) Post-Prandial (PP), Midday (MD) Pre-Meal, Midday PP, Evening (EV) Pre-Meal, Bed Time and 0300 hours. PP glucose is measured 2 hours (hrs) after the start of the meal. Least Squares (LS) means are determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted for Baseline HbA1c, country, sulfonylurea use, time of basal insulin injection, and treatment. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Baseline and Endpoint [up to 24 weeks (wk)]

,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline- AM Pre-Meal (n=353, 359)Baseline- AM 2 hrs PP (n=356, 356)Baseline- MD Pre-Meal (n=357, 357)Baseline- MD 2 hrs PP (n=357, 353)Baseline- EV Pre-Meal (n=356, 354)Baseline- Bed Time (n=355, 354)Baseline- 0300 hrs (n=342, 341)Endpoint, up to 24 wk- AM Pre-Meal (n=353, 359)Endpoint, up to 24 wk- AM 2 hrs PP (n=356, 356)Endpoint, up to 24 wk- MD Pre-Meal (n=357, 357)Endpoint, up to 24 wk- MD 2 hrs PP (n=357, 353)Endpoint, up to 24 wk- EV Pre-Meal (n=356, 354)Endpoint, up to 24 wk- Bed Time (n=355, 354)Endpoint, up to 24 wk- 0300 hrs (n=342, 341)
Lantus + OAMs8.8611.809.4410.899.5911.178.966.068.407.128.697.408.676.70
LY2963016 + OAMs8.8211.689.0910.659.2911.258.835.948.076.818.537.298.566.72

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent Antibody Response (TEAR)

TEAR is defined as an absolute increase of at least 1% in insulin antibody levels (measured in % binding) and at least 30% relative increase from Baseline for participants who are insulin antibody-positive at Baseline, or turning from insulin antibody-negative status at Baseline to antibody-positive during the course of the study following treatment with study drug. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: 4 weeks and 12 weeks and 24 weeks and Endpoint (up to 24 weeks) and Baseline to 24 weeks (Overall)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
4 weeks (n= 362, 359)12 weeks (n= 351, 344)24 weeks (n=337, 328)Endpoint, up to 24 weeks (n= 365, 365)Overall (n= 365, 365)
Lantus + OAMs2.85.25.25.59.3
LY2963016 + OAMs5.05.16.26.012.3

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Change From Baseline up to 24 Weeks in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted for Baseline HbA1c, country, sulfonylurea use, time of basal insulin injection and treatment. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (up to 24 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
LY2963016 + OAMs-1.286
Lantus + OAMs-1.338

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Insulin Dose Per Body Weight (U/kg) Per Day

Insulin dose in units (U) per body weight in kilograms (kg) per day. Least Squares (LS) means are determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted for Baseline HbA1c, country, sulfonylurea use, time of basal insulin injection, and treatment. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Endpoint (up to 24 weeks)

Interventionunits per kilogram per day (U/kg/day) (Least Squares Mean)
LY2963016 + OAMs0.500
Lantus + OAMs0.479

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Rate Per 30 Days of Hypoglycemic Events

The rate of hypoglycemic events per 30 days between two visits is defined as the total number of events between the visits divided by the actual number of days between the visits, and then multiplied by 30 days. A hypoglycemic event is defined as any time a participant has a blood glucose (BG) level of ≤70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) even if the event was not associated with signs, symptoms, or treatment consistent with current guidelines (American Diabetes Association 2005). Nocturnal hypoglycemia is defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurs between bedtime and waking. Severe hypoglycemia is defined as a hypoglycemic event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrates, glucagons, or other resuscitative actions. Severe Hypoglycemic events may or may not have a reported BG ≤70 mg/dL. These events may be associated with sufficient neuroglycopenia to induce seizure or coma. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (up to 24 weeks)

,
Interventionhypoglycemic events per 30 days (Mean)
Total Hypoglycemia with BG ≤70 mg/dLSevere HypoglycemiaNocturnal Hypoglycemia with BG ≤70 mg/dL
Lantus + OAMs1.830.000.66
LY2963016 + OAMs1.750.000.61

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Insulin Dose (Units)

Units of insulin taken daily. Least Square (LS) means are determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted for Baseline HbA1C, country, sulfonylurea use, time of basal insulin injection and treatment. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Endpoint (up to 24 weeks)

Interventionunits per day (U/day) (Least Squares Mean)
LY2963016 + OAMs44.465
Lantus + OAMs41.015

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Adult Low Blood Sugar Survey (ALBSS)

"ALBSS contains 33 items, with each item scored on a 5-point response scale: 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). Items are categorized in 2 domains: Behavior (or avoidance) Items 1 to 15 and Worry (or affect) Items 16 to 33. Behavior Total Score range is 0 to 60 and Worry Total Score range is 0 to 72. Higher scores on Behavior items (related to avoidance of hypoglycemia) reflect greater awareness and/or effort of the participant to prevent low blood sugar. Higher scores on Worry items (related to worries about low blood sugar and its consequences) reflect greater participant concern about having low blood sugar. The ALBSS Total Scores (Worry and Behavior item scores combined) range is 0 to 132. Least Squares (LS) means are determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted for Baseline HbA1c, country, sulfonylurea use, time of basal insulin injection, and treatment." (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: 4 weeks (wk) and 12 wk and Endpoint (up to 24 wk)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Behavior Score- 4 wk (n=351, 354)Behavior Score- 12 wk (n=350, 349)Behavior Score- Endpoint up to 24 wk (n=368, 371)Worry Score- 4 wk (n=352, 354)Worry Score- 12 wk (n=349, 348)Worry Score- Endpoint up to 24 wk (n=368, 371)ALBSS Total Score- 4 wk (n=352, 354)ALBSS Total Score- 12 wk (n=349, 348)ALBSS Total Score-Endpoint up to 24 wk (n=368,371)
Lantus + OAMs8.649.368.368.828.518.5717.4517.8516.92
LY2963016 + OAMs8.418.957.907.748.358.6116.1517.3216.53

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

Change from baseline in body weight. Least Squares (LS) means are determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted for Baseline HbA1c, country, sulfonylurea use, time of basal insulin injection, and treatment. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks (wk) and 8 wk and 12 wk and 16 wk and 20 wk and 24 wk and Endpoint (up to 24 wk)

,
Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Change at 4 wk (n=361, 364)Change at 8 wk (n=358, 357)Change at 12 wk (n=350, 352)Change at 16 wk (n=342, 344)Change at 20 wk (n=340, 333)Change at 24 wk (n=335, 329)Change at Endpoint, up to 24 wk (n=370, 374)
Lantus + OAMs0.5261.1521.4401.9182.2342.1752.020
LY2963016 + OAMs0.2920.9991.2711.5501.7341.9141.776

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) means are determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted for Baseline HbA1c, country, sulfonylurea use, time of basal insulin injection and treatment. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks and 8 weeks and 12 weeks and 16 weeks and 20 weeks and 24 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Change at 4 weeks (n=368, 371)Change at 8 weeks (n=359, 358)Change at 12 weeks (n=349, 351)Change at 16 weeks (n=345, 345)Change at 20 weeks (n=338, 334)Change at 24 weeks (n=331, 329)
Lantus + OAMs-0.481-0.866-1.143-1.321-1.379-1.438
LY2963016 + OAMs-0.452-0.871-1.134-1.265-1.294-1.336

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Change From Baseline in Insulin Antibody Levels

Blood samples are collected from participants and percentage of insulin antibody binding measured. Least Squares (LS) means are determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted for Baseline of response and treatment. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks and 12 weeks and Endpoint (24 weeks and up to 24 weeks)

,
Interventionpercentage of insulin antibody binding (Least Squares Mean)
Change at 4 weeks (n=10, 3)Change at 12 weeks (n=9, 5)Change at 24 weeks (n=10, 2)Change at Endpoint, up to 24 weeks (n=14, 6)
Lantus + OAMs-3.25-4.39-3.21-3.11
LY2963016 + OAMs-1.07-1.57-2.61-2.49

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Glycemic Variability of Fasting Blood Glucose

Glycemic variability is measured by the intra-participant standard deviation (SD) value of fasting blood glucose as measured by the actual morning pre-meal blood glucose value from the 7-point self-monitoring blood glucose [SMBG] profiles. Least Squares (LS) means are determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted for baseline HbA1c, country, sulfonylurea use, time of basal insulin injection, and treatment. (NCT01421459)
Timeframe: Baseline and Endpoint (up to 24 weeks)

,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
BaselineEndpoint, up to 24 weeks
Lantus + OAMs1.200.79
LY2963016 + OAMs1.180.81

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European Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D)

The EQ-5D is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. The profile allows participants to rate their health state in 5 health domains (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) using a 3-level scale of 1 to 3 (no problem, some problems, and extreme problems). These combinations of attributes are converted into a weighted health-state Index Score according to the United States population-based algorithm. Scores range from -0.11 to 1.0, where a score of 1.0 indicates perfect health. LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline stratification factors (country, HbA1c, and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY26055410.88
Glargine0.88

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Change From Baseline to 52 Week Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

HbA1C is a test that measures a person's average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using a mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) with baseline HbA1c measurement, stratification factors (country, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C, < 100 milligrams per deciliter {mg/dL} and ≥ 100 mg/dL] and sulfonylurea [SU]/meglitinide use), visit, treatment, and visit-by-treatment interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541-1.55
Glargine-1.25

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Adult Low Blood Sugar Survey

The adult Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) is a validated, participant-reported 33-item questionnaire with items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, where 0 = never and 4 = always. The LBSS measures behaviors to avoid hypoglycemia and its negative consequences (15 items) and worries about hypoglycemia and its negative consequences (18 items). Total score is the sum of all items (range of 0 to 132). Higher total scores reflect greater fear of hypoglycemia. LS means were calculated using an analysis of covariance model (ANCOVA) with baseline LBSS score, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, and SU/meglitinide use), and treatment as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY260554115.09
Glargine14.59

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Percentage of Participants With Equal or Above 2- and 3-fold ULN for Alanine Transaminase/Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (ALT/SGPT) and Aspartate Transaminase/Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (AST/SGOT)

The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants equal or above 2- or 3-fold ULN for ALT/SGPT or AST/SGOT by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
≥2-fold ULN for ALT≥3-fold ULN for ALT≥2-fold ULN for AST≥3-fold ULN for AST
Glargine4.00.61.50.4
LY26055416.51.93.61.0

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Percentage of Participants With Equal or Above 2-, and 3-fold Upper Limits of Normal (ULN) for Total Bilirubin

(NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
≥2-fold ULN≥3-fold ULN
Glargine0.00.0
LY26055410.20.1

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Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C)

LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline lipid measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
TriglyceridesLDL-CHDL-C
Glargine-7.331.76-1.82
LY260554110.601.44-1.91

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Insulin Dose Per Body Weight

LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline insulin dose measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Interventionunits of insulin/kg body weight (Least Squares Mean)
LY26055410.45
Glargine0.42

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6 Point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG)

Six-point SMBG profiles were obtained at pre-morning meal (fasting), pre-midday meal (lunch), pre-evening meal (dinner), bedtime, approximately 0300 hours, and pre-morning meal (fasting) the next day. Six-point SMBG profiles were obtained over 2 nonconsecutive days within the week prior to the next office visit. LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline blood glucose measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pre-morning mealPre-midday mealPre-evening mealBedtime0300 hoursPre-morning meal (next day)
Glargine112.26134.52142.58155.19118.37109.19
LY2605541112.81127.65133.94151.37120.35111.11

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Overall Treatment-Emergent Anti-LY2065541 Antibody Response (TEAR)

The percentage of participants with a TEAR is summarized. TEAR is defined as a change in the anti-LY2605541 antibody level from undetectable at baseline to detectable at baseline, or, for those participants with detectable antibodies at baseline, change to a value with at least a 130% relative increase from baseline. Overall TEAR is defined as one or more TEAR during the specified period. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Baseline to 78 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
LY260554143.0
Glargine37.8

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Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire

The Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) is a validated instrument containing 22 items that assess treatment satisfaction for participants with diabetes who are receiving insulin. The questionnaire measures satisfaction from the following 5 domains: inconvenience of regimen, lifestyle flexibility, glycemic control, hypoglycemic control, and insulin delivery device. Data presented are the transformed total score on a scale of 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction. LS means were calculated using a MMRM with stratification factors (country, HbA1c, and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY260554184.73
Glargine85.04

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Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Body Weight

LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline body weight measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionkilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
LY26055412.06
Glargine2.57

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Intra-participant Variability of the Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)

Intra-participant variability of FBG, which was measured by SMBG, was assessed by the standard deviation of the FBG measurement at the Week 52 visit. LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline fasting blood glucose measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
LY260554115.56
Glargine17.08

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Number of Insulin Dose Adjustments to Steady-State

Insulin doses were adjusted according to an algorithm (adapted from Riddle et al. 2003) during the first 26 weeks of the study and thereafter according to investigator judgment. Steady-state was defined as the first local maximum dose (maximum of moving 4-week interval) of LY2605541 or glargine within the window of +/- 2 weeks. The number of dose adjustments to steady-state was the total number of dose changes until steady-state was reached. LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline insulin dose measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Baseline to 52 weeks

Interventionnumber of insulin dose adjustments (Least Squares Mean)
LY26055415.83
Glargine5.25

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Fasting Blood Glucose (By Participant Self-monitored Blood Glucose Readings)

LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline fasting blood glucose measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541112.57
Glargine112.00

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Rate of Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Events

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when a person's blood glucose level is lower than the normal range (less than or equal to 70 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL] or less than 3.9 millimoles per liter [mmol/L]). Total hypoglycemia refers to an event that meets the criteria for documented symptomatic hypoglycemia, asymptomatic hypoglycemia, probable symptomatic hypoglycemia, unspecified hypoglycemia, or severe hypoglycemia. Nocturnal hypoglycemia refers to any total hypoglycemic event that occurs between bedtime and waking. Group mean (listed as LS means below) rates of total and nocturnal hypoglycemia were calculated using a negative binomial regression model (number of episodes = treatment + SU/meglitinide use + baseline hypoglycemia event rate, with log [exposure per 30 days] as the offset variable in the model). (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Baseline to 52 weeks

,
Interventionepisodes/participant/30 days (Least Squares Mean)
Rate of total hypoglycemia eventsRate of nocturnal hypoglycemia events
Glargine1.210.40
LY26055411.160.30

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Percentage of Participants With Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events

A hypoglycemic event is defined by a blood glucose value ≤70 mg/dL (3.9mmol/L). Total hypoglycemic events include documented symptomatic hypoglycemia, asymptomatic hypoglycemia, probable symptomatic hypoglycemia, unspecified hypoglycemia, or severe hypoglycemia. Nocturnal hypoglycemic events refer to any total hypoglycemic event that occurs between bedtime and waking. The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants with hypoglycemic or nocturnal hypoglycemic events by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Baseline to 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Total hypoglycemic eventsNocturnal hypoglycemic events
Glargine79.859.8
LY260554177.048.9

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Percentage of Participants With Hemoglobin A1c Equal or Less Than 6.5% and Less Than 7.0 %

The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants reaching target HbA1c by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c ≤ 6.5%HbA1c < 7.0%
Glargine23.942.8
LY260554136.157.6

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1C Equal or Less Than 6.5% and Less Than 7.0 % and Without Nocturnal Hypoglycemia

The percentage of participants with HbA1C ≤ 6.5% or < 7.0% without nocturnal hypoglycemia is presented. Percentage was calculated by dividing the number of participants with the indicated HbA1c values over the total number of participants and multiplying by 100. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c ≤ 6.5%HbA1c < 7.0%
Glargine8.615.3
LY260554117.526.2

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Hemoglobin A1c

HbA1c is a test that measures a person's average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months. LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline HbA1C measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY26055416.91
Glargine7.21

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Fasting Serum Glucose (By Laboratory Measurement)

LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline fasting serum glucose measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01435616)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541114.93
Glargine120.13

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24

Change in FPG (before breakfast) following 24 weeks of therapy (i.e., FPG at Week 24 minus FPG at baseline) (NCT01462266)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Sitagliptin-55.5
Placebo-44.8

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) at Week 24

A1C is measured as the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. Change in A1C following 24 weeks of therapy (i.e., A1C at Week 24 minus A1C at baseline) (NCT01462266)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionPercent of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Sitagliptin-1.31
Placebo-0.87

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Percent of Participants Achieving Fasting Glucose Target at Any Time During the Study

The fasting glucose target was defined as 3 consecutive days with a fingerstick glucose of 72 to 100 mg/dL (4.0 - 5.6 mmol/L). (NCT01462266)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Sitagliptin77.4
Placebo74.1

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Time to Achieve the Fasting Glucose Target

Fasting glucose target 3 consecutive days with a fingerstick glucose of 72 to 100 mg/dL (4.0 - 5.6 mmol/L). This analysis was the Kaplan-Meier estimated 50th percentile of time (days) to first attainment of target. (NCT01462266)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks

InterventionDays to first attainment of target (Median)
Sitagliptin78
Placebo90

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Change From Baseline in Daily Insulin Dose at Week 24

Change in daily insulin dose following 24 weeks of therapy (i.e., daily insulin dose at Week 24 minus daily insulin dose at baseline) (NCT01462266)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionInternational Units (IU) (Least Squares Mean)
Sitagliptin19.0
Placebo23.8

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Total Hypoglycemia Rates (Adjusted for 30 Days)

Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as events which are associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and/or documented blood glucose (BG) concentrations of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 millimoles per liter [mmol/L]). Group mean rates of total hypoglycemia (per 30 days) are presented and were calculated from negative binomial regression models (number of episodes = treatment + baseline total hypoglycemia rate, with log [exposure in days/30] as an offset variable). Group Mean is estimated by taking the inverse link function on individual participant covariates first and then averages over all participants. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks

Interventionepisodes/participant/30 days (Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro5.97
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro5.42

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Basal, Bolus, and Total Insulin Dose by Weight at 26 Weeks

Basal insulin dose, short-acting bolus insulin dose (each meal and overall), and total insulin dose were calculated based on the dose during the last 7 days prior to the post-treatment visit or last 3 days prior to the randomization visit. LS means were calculated using a constrained Longitudinal Data Analysis (cLDA) model adjusting for indicator variables of each treatment group at each post-baseline visit and stratification variables (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, baseline LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and baseline number of insulin injections [1, 2, or ≥3]). (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

,
Interventionunits/kg/day (Least Squares Mean)
Basal InsulinBolus InsulinTotal Insulin
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro0.600.631.21
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro0.680.611.27

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Lipid Profile at 26 Weeks

Concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C, and triglycerides are summarized. LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], except for the LDL-C outcome variable], number of insulin injections at baseline [1, 2, or ≥3]), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline value of corresponding lipid outcome variable. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
CholesterolHDL-CLDL-CTriglycerides
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro174.7947.7198.89141.78
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro177.1746.4497.87168.79

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 26 Weeks

HbA1c is a test that measures a participant's average blood glucose level over a 2 to 3 month timeframe. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for stratification factors (country, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C, <100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) and ≥100 mg/dL], and number of insulin injections at baseline [1, 2, or ≥3]), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline HbA1c. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro-1.66
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro-1.45

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0300-hour Blood Glucose to FBG Excursion at 26 Weeks

Results of a 0300-hour to pre-morning meal (FBG) excursion are presented (only SMBG profiles with both 0300 hours and the next day pre-morning measurements are included for the calculation of such excursion). LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, baseline LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and number of insulin injections at baseline [1, 2, or ≥3]), treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and baseline excursion. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro-11.95
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro-15.16

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Body Weight Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks

LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and number of insulin injections at baseline [1, 2, or ≥3]), treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and baseline body weight as fixed effects, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks

Interventionkilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro1.25
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro2.21

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EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) at 26 Weeks

The EQ-5D is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. The profile allows participants to rate their health state in 5 health domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression using a three level scale of 1-3 (no problem, some problems, and extreme problems). These combinations of attributes are converted into a weighted health-state Index Score according to the United States population-based algorithm. Scores range from -0.11 to 1.0, where a score of 1.0 indicates perfect health. LS means were calculated using ANCOVA adjusting for treatment, stratification factors (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, and baseline number of insulin injections [1, 2, or ≥ 3]), and baseline EQ-5D score. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: up to 26 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro0.86
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro0.85

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Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG) From Laboratory at 26 Weeks

LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and number of insulin injections at baseline [1, 2, or ≥3]), treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and baseline FSG. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro125.33
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro132.02

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and ≤6.5% at 26 Weeks

The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants reaching target HbA1c by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: up to 26 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c ≤6.5%HbA1c <7.0%
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro32.653.3
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro44.463.3

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Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) at 26 Weeks

The RAPA questionnaire assesses the level and intensity of physical activity of adult participants. It contains 2 subscales: RAPA 1 (Aerobic) and RAPA 2 (Strength and Flexibility). RAPA 1 contains 7 questions regarding the participant's amount and intensity of physical activity, allowing each participant's aerobic activity level to be categorized as sedentary, underactive, light activities, light activity, regular underactive, or active. RAPA 2 contains 2 questions regarding participants' physical activities that increase strength and improve flexibility. Each participant's strength and flexibility activity level is then categorized as neither strength nor flexibility activity, either strength or flexibility activity (not both), both strength and flexibility activity. The percentage of participants in each RAPA 1/2 category is presented and was calculated by dividing the number of participants in each RAPA 1/2 category by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: up to 26 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
RAPA 1, SedentaryRAPA 1, UnderactiveRAPA 1, Light activityRAPA 1, Regular underactiveRAPA 1, ActiveRAPA 2, Neither strength/flexibilityRAPA 2, Either strength/flexibilityRAPA 2, Both strength/flexibility
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro2.46.218.027.146.353.830.615.6
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro2.24.621.932.738.658.328.113.6

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Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) 9-point Profiles at 26 Weeks

9-point SMBG profiles were obtained over 2 nonconsecutive days within the week prior to Weeks 0, 4, 12, and 26. SMBG measurements were taken at 9 time points: pre-morning meal, 2 hours post-morning meal, pre-midday meal, 2 hours post-midday meal, pre-evening meal, 2 hours post-evening meal, bedtime, at approximately 0300 hours, and the subsequent morning prior to the morning meal. LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and number of insulin injections at baseline [1, 2, or ≥3]), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline BG values. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pre-morning meal2 hours post-morning mealPre-midday meal2 hours post-midday mealPre-evening meal2 hours post-evening mealBedtime0300 hoursPre-morning meal next day
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro133.81156.41133.63156.17149.19166.59163.62140.19132.07
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro137.31162.77130.02145.55142.65156.56160.15143.90135.09

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Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) at 26 Weeks

ITSQ is a validated instrument containing 22 items that assess treatment satisfaction for participants with diabetes and on insulin. The questionnaire measures satisfaction from the following 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen, Lifestyle Flexibility, Glycemic Control, Hypoglycemic Control, Insulin Delivery Device. Data presented are the transformed overall score on a scale of 0-100, where higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction. LS means were calculated using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment and stratification factors (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, and baseline number of insulin injections [1, 2, or ≥3]) as fixed effects and baseline value of the ITSQ scores as a covariate. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: up to 26 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro77.01
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro77.29

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Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) at 26 Weeks

LBSS (also referenced as Hypoglycemia Fear Survey - II [HFS-II]) is a 33-item questionnaire that measures 1) behaviors to avoid hypoglycemia and its negative consequences (15 items) and 2) worries about hypoglycemia and its negative consequences (18 items). Responses are made on a 5-point Likert scale where 0 = Never and 4 = Always. Total score is the sum of all items (range 0-132). Higher total scores reflect greater fear of hypoglycemia. LS means were calculated using MMRM including stratification factors (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, baseline number of insulin injections [1, 2, or ≥3]), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline LBSS score. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro21.44
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro21.67

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Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Rates (Adjusted for 30 Days)

Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as events which are associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and/or a documented BG concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). A nocturnal hypoglycemic event occurred between bedtime and waking and between the time points of 10:00 PM and 10:00 AM. Group mean rates of nocturnal hypoglycemia (per 30 days) are presented and were calculated from negative binomial regression models (number of episodes = treatment + baseline nocturnal hypoglycemia rate, with log [exposure in days/30] as an offset variable). Group Mean is estimated by taking the inverse link function on individual participant covariates first and then averages over all participants. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks

Interventionevents/participant/30 days (Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro0.51
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro0.92

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Number of Participants With Change in Anti-LY2605541 Antibodies From Baseline to 26 Weeks

The number of participants with a treatment-emergent anti-LY2605541 antibody response (TEAR) is summarized. TEAR is defined as change from baseline to post-baseline in the anti-LY2605541 antibody level either from undetectable to detectable, or from detectable to the value with at least 130% relative increase from baseline. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro152
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro161

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% Without Nocturnal Hypoglycemia at 26 Weeks

Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as an event which is associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and/or a documented blood glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). A nocturnal hypoglycemic event occurred between bedtime and waking and between the time points of 10:00 PM and 10:00 AM. The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants with HbA1c <7.0% without nocturnal hypoglycemia by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: up to 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro23.7
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro12.2

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Percentage of Participants With Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Episodes

Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as an event which is associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and/or a BG concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). A nocturnal hypoglycemic event occurred between bedtime and waking and between the time points of 10:00 PM and 10:00 AM. The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants with nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro59.5
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro74.0

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HbA1c at 26 Weeks

HbA1c is a test that measures a participant's average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months. LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (country, LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and number of insulin injections at baseline [1, 2, or ≥3]), treatment, visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline HbA1c. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro6.76
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro6.97

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Percentage of Participants With Total Hypoglycemia Episodes

Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as events which are associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and/or documented BG concentrations of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants with hypoglycemic episodes by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro95.2
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro96.6

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Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) (by SMBG) Intra-participant Variability at 26 Weeks

FBG was measured by self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG). Between-day glucose variability is measured by the standard deviation of FBG. LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for the stratification factors (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, baseline LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and number of insulin injections at baseline [1, 2, or ≥3]), treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and baseline FBG variability. (NCT01468987)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541 + Insulin Lispro28.67
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Lispro33.54

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Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours [AUC(0-24)] of LY2963016 and Lantus

(NCT01476345)
Timeframe: 1 hour predose up to 24 hours postdose in all treatment periods

Interventionpicomoles*hour/Liter (pmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
LY29630161810
Lantus1980

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Total Amount of Glucose Infused (Gtot) Over the Duration of Clamp Procedure

Gtot is the total glucose infusion over the clamp duration and is used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations are held constant after the administration of LY2963016 or Lantus by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. Data presented were adjusted by the body weight. (NCT01476345)
Timeframe: 1 hour predose up to 24 hours postdose in all treatment periods

Interventionmilligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) (Geometric Mean)
LY29630162580
Lantus2710

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Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of LY2963016 and Lantus

(NCT01476345)
Timeframe: 1 hour predose up to 24 hours postdose in all treatment periods

Interventionpicomoles/Liter (pmol/L) (Geometric Mean)
LY2963016112
Lantus119

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Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)

Rmax is the maximum infusion rate of glucose administered intravenously needed to maintain target blood glucose level and is used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations are held constant after the administration of LY2963016 or Lantus by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. Data presented were adjusted by the body weight. (NCT01476345)
Timeframe: 1 hour predose up to 24 hours postdose in all treatment periods

Interventionmilligrams/kilogram/minute (mg/kg/min) (Geometric Mean)
LY29630162.85
Lantus2.88

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Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic and Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L).Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. These episodes were associated with sufficient neuroglycopenia to induce seizure, unconsciousness or coma. All episodes in which neurological impairment was severe enough to prevent self-treatment and which were thought to place participants at risk for injury to themselves or others. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration (maximum of 219 days)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemiaSevere Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
Insulin Glargine (Lantus® SoloSTAR®)22.80.0
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination21.70.0

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Change in 30-minute and 1-hour PPG From Baseline to Week 24

The 30 minute and 1-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 30 minutes and 1-hour after eating a standardized meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
30-minute PPG (n=151, 153)1-hour PPG (n=150, 153)
Insulin Glargine-3.76-4.10
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-5.01-5.94

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Week 24

Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 3 days after the last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-0.97
Insulin Glargine0.48

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Change in Average 7-Point Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profiles From Baseline to Week 24

Participants recorded a 7-point plasma glucose profile measured before and 2-hours after each meal and at bedtime, over a single day, once in a week before baseline, before visit Week 12 and before visit Week 24 and the average value across the profiles performed in the week before a visit for the 7-time points was calculated. Change in average 7-point SMPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-3.23
Insulin Glargine-2.93

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Change in 2-hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) From Baseline to Week 24

The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a standardized meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-7.49
Insulin Glargine-4.33

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Average Daily Insulin Glargine Dose at Week 24

Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionUnits (U) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination36.08
Insulin Glargine39.32

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy During 24-week Treatment Period

Routine fasting SMPG and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after Week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceed the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after Week 12) were performed. Threshold values from Week 8 to Week 12: fasting SMPG/FPG >240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L), and from Week 12 to Week 30: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c >8%. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination0
Insulin Glargine0.6

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Change in 30 Minute and 1-hour Plasma Glucose Excursion From Baseline to Week 24

30-minute and 1-hour plasma glucose excursion = 30-minute and 1-hour PPG minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to the start of the meal and before IMP administration. Change in plasma glucose excursion was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
30-minute plasma glucose excursion (n=151, 152)1-hour plasma glucose excursion (n=150, 152)
Insulin Glargine-0.05-0.44
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-1.47-2.34

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Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7% With no Body Weight Gain at Week 24

Participants without any post-baseline on-treatment values (for HbA1c and body weight) that were no more than 30 days apart were counted as non-responders if at least one of the components (for HbA1c and body weight) was available and showed non-response. Otherwise, they were counted as missing data. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination56.3
Insulin Glargine37.3

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Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7% at Week 24 With no Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During 24-week Treatment Period

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Participants without any post-baseline on-treatment value for HbA1c were counted as non-responders if they experienced at least one documented symptomatic hypoglycemia before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 1 day after the last injection of IMP. Otherwise, they were counted as missing data. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 14 days after the last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination67.5
Insulin Glargine59.0

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 24

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using last observation carried forward (LOCF). On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 14 days after the last injection of investigational medicinal product (IMP). (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-1.82
Insulin Glargine-1.64

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Change in FPG From Baseline to Week 24

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 1 day after the last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-3.35
Insulin Glargine-3.51

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Change in 2-hour Plasma Glucose Excursion From Baseline to Week 24

2-hour plasma glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to the start of the meal and before IMP administration. Change in plasma glucose excursion was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-3.91
Insulin Glargine-0.67

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c ≤6.5 % or <7.0 % at Week 24

On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 14 days after the last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c ≤6.5%HbA1c <7.0%
Insulin Glargine64.678.3
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination71.984.4

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Change in Duration of Hypoglycemia Episodes

duration of hypoglycemia measured by continuous glucose monitoring (NCT01480843)
Timeframe: baseline, 5 months, 8 months

Interventionminutes of hypoglycemia (Mean)
Baseline5 months8 months
Glargine27711197

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Change in Frequency of Hypoglycemia Episodes From Baseline, 5 Months, 8 Months

frequency of hypoglycemia episodes measured by continuous glucose monitoring per 5 days of continuous glucose monitoring data (NCT01480843)
Timeframe: baseline, 5 months, 8 months

Interventionepisodes of hypoglycemia (Mean)
Baseline5 months8 months
Glargine4.31.81.5

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Change in 8-Point SMPG Profiles Per Time Point From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Change in each time-point of 8-point SMPG profile: 03:00 hours (clock time) at night; before and 2 hours after breakfast; before and 2 hours after lunch; before and 2 hours after dinner; and at bedtime. (NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
03:00 at Night Plasma Glucose (n=333,323)Pre-Breakfast Plasma Glucose (n=343,333)2 Hours After Breakfast Plasma Glucose (n=335,326)Pre-Lunch Plasma Glucose (n=337,331)2 Hours After Lunch Plasma Glucose (n=336,325)Pre-Dinner Plasma Glucose (n=338,333)2 Hours After Dinner Plasma Glucose (n=331,327)Bedtime Plasma Glucose (n=324, 325)
HOE901-U300-0.98-1.19-1.60-1.05-0.64-0.47-0.96-0.88
Lantus-1.16-1.49-1.90-1.23-0.63-0.37-1.17-0.91

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30039.6
Lantus40.9

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Percentage of Participants With FPG <5.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL) at Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30026.5
Lantus23.2

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Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/or Confirmed Nocturnal Hypoglycemia From Start of Week 9 to Month 6 Endpoint

Nocturnal hypoglycemia was hypoglycemia that occurred between 00:00 and 05:59 hours (clock time), regardless the participant was awake or woke up because of the event. Severe hypoglycemia was an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Confirmed hypoglycemia was an event associated with plasma glucose less than or equal to (<=) 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (70 milligram per deciliter [mg/dL]). (NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Week 9 Up to Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30036.1
Lantus46.0

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Change in Variability of Preinjection SMPG From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Pre-injection SMPG was measured within 30 minutes prior to the injection of the study drug. Variability was assessed by the mean of coefficient of variation calculated as 100 multiplied by (standard deviation/mean) over at least 3 SMPG measured during the 7 days preceding the assessment visit. (NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionpercentage of mean (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-1.10
Lantus-1.08

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Change in Treatment Satisfaction Score Using The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

DTSQ is a validated measure to assess how satisfied participants with diabetes are with their treatment and how they perceive hyper- and hypoglycemia. It consists of 8 questions which are answered on a Likert scale from 0 to 6. DTSQ treatment satisfaction score is the sum of question 1 and 4-8 scores and ranges between 0 and 36, where higher scores indicate more treatment satisfaction. (NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U3002.32
Lantus2.24

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-0.83
Lantus-0.83

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-1.29
Lantus-1.38

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Change in Daily Basal Insulin Dose From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

InterventionU/kg (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U3000.28
Lantus0.19

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Change in Average Preinjection Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Pre-injection SMPG was measured within 30 minutes prior to the injection of the study drug. Average was assessed by the mean of at least 3 SMPG calculated over the 7 days preceding the assessment visit. (NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-0.90
Lantus-0.84

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Change in HbA1c From Month 6 to Month 9

Substudy comparing fixed dosing regimen (every 24 hours) vs. adaptive dosing regimen (every 24 +/- 3 hours) in a subset of participants randomized to HOE901-U300 and treated for 6 months. (NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Month 6 Up to Month 9

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300: Adaptable Dosing Intervals0.21
HOE901-U300: Fixed Dosing Intervals0.15

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (All and Nocturnal) Events From Baseline up to Month 12

Hypoglycemia events were Severe hypoglycemia (an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions); Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (typical symptoms of hypoglycemia with plasma glucose level of <=3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]); Asymptomatic hypoglycemia (no typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but plasma glucose level <=3.9 mmol/L); Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia (an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination, but was presumably caused by a plasma glucose level <=3.9 mmol/L, symptoms treated with oral carbohydrate without a test of plasma glucose); Relative hypoglycemia (an event during which the person with diabetes reported any of the typical symptoms of hypoglycemia, and interpreted the symptoms as indicative of hypoglycemia, but plasma glucose level >3.9 mmol/L); Severe and/or confirmed a hypoglycemia (plasma glucose <=3.9 mmol/L). (NCT01499082)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any Hypoglycemia Event: All HypoglycemiaSevere Hypoglycemia: All HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic: All HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic: All HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic: All HypoglycemiaRelative: All HypoglycemiaSevere and/or Confirmed: All HypoglycemiaAny Hypoglycemia Event: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaSevere Hypoglycemia: NocturnalDocumented Symptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaRelative: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaSevere and/or Confirmed: Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
HOE901-U30087.46.774.870.55.715.885.955.42.544.629.22.25.054.5
Lantus92.07.582.873.48.521.191.566.23.257.231.12.710.064.7

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Change in HbA1c From Month 6 to Month 9

Substudy comparing fixed dosing regimen (every 24 hours) vs. adaptive dosing regimen (every 24 +/- 3 hours) in a subset of participants randomized to HOE901-U300 and treated for 6 months. Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Month 6 up to Month 9

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300: Adaptable Dosing Intervals-0.12
HOE901-U300: Fixed Dosing Intervals-0.25

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-0.57
Lantus-0.56

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-1.03
Lantus-1.21

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Change in Daily Basal Insulin Dose From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

InterventionU/kg (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U3000.28
Lantus0.17

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Month 6 Endpoint

Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30030.6
Lantus30.4

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Change in Average Preinjection Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Preinjection SMPG was measured within 30 minutes prior to the injection of the study drug. Average was assessed by the mean of at least 3 SMPG calculated over the 7 days preceding the assessment visit. Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-0.56
Lantus-0.51

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (All and Nocturnal) Events From Baseline to Month 12

Hypoglycemia events were Severe hypoglycemia (an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions); Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (typical symptoms of hypoglycemia with plasma glucose level of <=3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]); Asymptomatic hypoglycemia (no typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but plasma glucose level <=3.9 mmol/L); Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia (an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination, but was presumably caused by a plasma glucose level <=3.9 mmol/L, symptoms treated with oral carbohydrate without a test of plasma glucose); Relative hypoglycemia (an event during which the person with diabetes reported any of the typical symptoms of hypoglycemia, and interpreted the symptoms as indicative of hypoglycemia, but plasma glucose level >3.9 mmol/L); Severe and/or confirmed a hypoglycemia (plasma glucose <=3.9 mmol/L). (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any Hypoglycemia Event: All HypoglycemiaSevere Hypoglycemia: All HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic: All HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic: All HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic: All HypoglycemiaRelative: All HypoglycemiaSevere and/or Confirmed: All HypoglycemiaAny Hypoglycemia Event: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaSevere Hypoglycemia: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaRelative: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaSevere and/or Confirmed: Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
HOE901-U30079.91.758.858.62.77.978.439.70.229.514.41.22.237.5
Lantus83.01.563.364.03.412.882.046.10.534.222.21.06.444.6

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Change in 8-Point SMPG Profiles Per Time Point From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Change in each time-point of 8-point SMPG profile: 03:00 hours (clock time) at night; before and 2 hours after breakfast; before and 2 hours after lunch; before and 2 hours after dinner; and at bedtime. Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
03:00 at Night (n= 338, 328)Pre-breakfast (n= 347, 338)2 hours after breakfast (n= 341, 328)Pre-lunch (n= 344, 332)2 hours after lunch (n= 339, 328)Pre-dinner (n=347, 336)2 hours after dinner (n= 338, 327)Bedtime (n= 325, 303)
HOE901-U300-0.56-1.31-1.41-0.64-1.02-0.94-0.69-0.99
Lantus-0.90-1.81-1.82-1.12-1.04-0.69-1.00-1.00

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Percentage of Participants With FPG <5.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL) at Month 6 Endpoint

Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30029.4
Lantus33.6

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Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/or Confirmed Nocturnal Hypoglycemia From Start of Week 9 to Month 6 Endpoint

Nocturnal hypoglycemia was hypoglycemia that occurred between 00:00 and 05:59 hours (clock time), regardless the participant was awake or woke up because of the event. Severe hypoglycemia was an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Confirmed hypoglycemia was an event associated with plasma glucose less than or equal to (<=) 3.9 mmol/L (70 milligram per deciliter [mg/dL]). Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Week 9 Up to Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30021.6
Lantus27.9

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Change in Variability of Preinjection SMPG From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Preinjection SMPG was measured within 30 minutes prior to the injection of the study drug. Variability was assessed by the mean of co-efficient of variation calculated as 100 multiplied by (standard deviation/mean) over at least 3 SMPG measured during the 7 days preceding the assessment visit. Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionpercentage of mean (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-2.34
Lantus-0.53

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Change in Treatment Satisfaction Score Using The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

DTSQ is a validated measure to assess how satisfied participants with diabetes are with their treatment and how they perceive hyper- and hypoglycemia. It consists of 8 questions which are answered on a Likert scale from 0 to 6. DTSQ treatment satisfaction score is the sum of question 1 and 4-8 scores and ranges between 0 and 36, where higher scores indicate more treatment satisfaction. Only measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. (NCT01499095)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U3003.05
Lantus3.61

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HbA1C Levels

% of glycosylated hemoglobin in whole blood at 26 weeks (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: Baseline vs 26 weeks

Intervention% of HbA1C (Mean)
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide7.1
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin7.2

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Coefficient of Variation at 26 Weeks Minus Coefficient of Variation at Baseline

The change in the coefficient of variation (CV) of continuous glucose readings, as assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: At baseline, 6 months of intervention

Interventionpercentage (Mean)
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide-2.43
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin0.44

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Weight Change During Trial

Weight in kg at 26 weeks minus weight at baseline. (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: Baseline vs 26 weeks

Interventionkg (Mean)
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide-4.8
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin0.7

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Number of Participants With Hypoglycemia

Severe hypoglycemia-documented glucose <50mg/dl (participant journal), and hypoglycemic attacks requiring hospitalization, or treatment by emergency personnel. (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide0
Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin0

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Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

HbA1c after 6 weeks of treatment in each treatment period. (NCT01569841)
Timeframe: At the end of each 6 week treatment period.

,
Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
Treatment period ATreatment period B
IDeg/IGlar6.66.9
IGlar/IDeg7.17.3

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Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

FPG after 6 weeks of treatment in each treatment period. (NCT01569841)
Timeframe: At the end of each 6 week treatment period.

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Treatment period ATreatment period B
IDeg/IGlar8.810.4
IGlar/IDeg10.910.9

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Number of Treatment Emergent Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

A hypoglycaemic episode was defined as treatment emergent if the onset of the episode occurred after the first administration of investigational medicinal product (IMP), and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product. Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia or minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes: requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes: able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT01569841)
Timeframe: Hypoglycemic episodes reported within each 6 week treatment period.

Interventionevents (Number)
IDeg283
IGlar239

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Mean Interstitial Glucose (IG) Based on 14 Days of CGM

The observed mean of IG profile was obtained as the average value of area under the IG profile divided by the actual assessment time interval during the last 2 weeks of the 6-week treatment period. (NCT01569841)
Timeframe: CGM monitoring occurred during the last 2 weeks of the 6-week treatment period.

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg9.6
IGlar9.8

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Average Time Within Glycaemic Target Range (Above 70 mg/dL and Below 130 mg/dL)

Time within the glycaemic target range [> 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) and < 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L)] measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in the last four hours of each dosing interval during the last 2 weeks of the 6-week treatment period. (NCT01569841)
Timeframe: CGM occured during the last 2 weeks of the 6 weeks treatment period.

Interventionhours (Mean)
IDeg1.39
IGlar1.09

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Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Number of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs). An AE was defined as treatment emergent if the onset date was on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than 7 days after the last day of randomised treatment. Severity was assessed by investigator. (NCT01569841)
Timeframe: Within each week 6 treatment period

,
Interventionevents (Number)
Adverse EventsSerious Adverse EventsSevere Adverse EventsModerate Adverse EventsMild Adverse EventsFatal Adverse Events
IDeg18035100
IGlar16000160

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Change in FPG From the End of Treatment Period A Until After 4 Weeks of Treatment in Treatment Period B

Values of FPG in mmol/L from the end of treatment period A until after 4 weeks of treatment in treatment period B. (NCT01570751)
Timeframe: Week 16, week 20

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg/IGlar-0.78
IGlar/IDeg0.19

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Change From Baseline (Visit 18) in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) at the End of Each 16 Week Treatment Period

Values for change in HbA1c after each 16 weeks of treatment periods A and B. (NCT01570751)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 16 of each treatment period.

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg-0.1
IGlar-0.1

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Change From Baseline in Central Laboratory Measured Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at the End of Each 16 Week Treatment Period

Values of FPG in mmol/L from baseline to each 16 weeks of treatment periods. (NCT01570751)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 16, week 32

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg-0.8
IGlar-0.0

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Number of Adverse Events (AEs)

Number of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) from week 0 to week 16 of the randomised treatment periods. A TEAE was defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than 7 days after the last day of randomised treatment. TEAEs were attributed to the treatment given in the period in which the event occurred. (NCT01570751)
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of each 16 week treatment period.

Interventionevents (Number)
IDeg105
IGlar111

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Change in Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Scores From Baseline to the End of Each 16 Week Treatment Period

Changes in subjects quality of life and insulin device satisfaction were evaluated using the following PROs: the Short-Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF-36) and the Treatment Related Impact Measure-Diabetes Device (TRIM-DD). PRO total scores were measured from baseline to the end of each 16-week treatment period. Responses were measured on a scale of 0 to 100, where higher scores indicated a better quality of life and higher insulin device satisfaction on the SF-36 and TRIM-DD questionnaires, respectively. (NCT01570751)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 16 of each treatment period.

,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Physical scoreMental scoreTotal D-device
IDeg-0.80.711.0
IGlar-0.60.43.5

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Change in PRO Scores From the End of Treatment Period A Until After 4 Weeks of Treatment in Treatment Period B

SF-36 and TRIM-DD total scores were measured at the end of treatment A (week 16) and 4 weeks into treatment B (week 20). Responses were measured on a scale of 0 to 100, where higher scores indicated a better quality of life and higher insulin device satisfaction on the SF-36 and TRIM-DD questionnaires, respectively. (NCT01570751)
Timeframe: Week 16, week 20

,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Physical scoreMental scoreTotal D-device
IDeg/IGlar0.020.6110.24
IGlar/IDeg0.600.21-6.25

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Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) (by Self Monitoring)

LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (country, baseline HbA1c [≤8.0% and >8.0%], baseline LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and SU or meglitinide use), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline FBG. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks52 weeks
Insulin Glargine104.50107.46
LY2605541106.32110.61

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Change From Baseline in Lipid Profile

Concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C, and triglycerides are summarized. LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (country, baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL, except for the LDL-C outcome variable], and SU or meglitinide use), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline value of corresponding lipid outcome variable. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, 52 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Cholesterol, 26 weeksCholesterol, 52 weeksHDL-C, 26 weeksHDL-C, 52 weeksLDL-C, 26 weeksLDL-C, 52 weeksTriglycerides, 26 weeksTriglycerides, 52 week
Insulin Glargine3.702.78-0.06-2.014.543.41-2.9012.02
LY26055412.24-1.35-1.74-3.52-0.05-3.3822.5327.39

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Insulin Dose Per Kilogram of Body Weight

Daily basal insulin dose is presented. LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for the stratification factors (country, baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], baseline LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and SU or meglitinide use), treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and baseline insulin dose. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionunits per kilogram per day (U/kg/day) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks52 weeks
Insulin Glargine0.490.49
LY26055410.570.58

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Rate of Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Events (Adjusted by 30 Days)

Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as events which are associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and/or documented blood glucose (BG) concentrations of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 millimoles per liter [mmol/L]). A nocturnal hypoglycemic event occurred between bedtime and waking. Group mean rates of total and nocturnal hypoglycemia (per 30 days) are presented and were calculated from negative binomial regression models (number of episodes = treatment + baseline hypoglycemia rate + baseline SU or meglitinide use, with log [exposure in days/30] as an offset variable). Group Mean is estimated by taking the inverse link function on individual participant covariates first and then averages over all participants. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks and Baseline through 52 weeks

,
Interventionevents/participant/30 days (Least Squares Mean)
Total hypoglycemia, 0-26 weeksTotal hypoglycemia, 0-52 weeksNocturnal hypoglycemia, 0-26 weeksNocturnal hypoglycemia, 0-52 weeks
Insulin Glargine1.981.621.040.88
LY26055411.551.240.430.35

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Equal to or Less Than (≤) 6.5% and Less Than (<) 7.0%

The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants reaching target HbA1c by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c ≤6.5%, 26 weeksHbA1c ≤6.5%, 52 weeksHbA1c <7.0%, 26 weeksHbA1c <7.0%, 52 weeks
Insulin Glargine28.728.052.245.9
LY260554150.343.472.563.9

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Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG) (by Laboratory)

LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (country, baseline HbA1c [≤8.0% and >8.0%], baseline LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and SU or meglitinide use), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline FSG. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks52 weeks
Insulin Glargine119.50115.74
LY2605541103.80107.61

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HbA1c

LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (country, baseline LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and SU or meglitinide use), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline HbA1c. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks52 weeks
Insulin Glargine7.137.20
LY26055416.606.75

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Percentage of Participants That Have Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events

Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as events which are associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and/or documented BG concentrations of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). A nocturnal hypoglycemic event occurred between bedtime and waking. The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants with hypoglycemic episodes by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks and Baseline through 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Total hypoglycemia, 0-26 weeksTotal hypoglycemia, 0-52 weeksNocturnal hypoglycemia, 0-26 weeksNocturnal hypoglycemia, 0-52 weeks
Insulin Glargine80.583.062.367.3
LY260554176.380.346.150.3

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Intra-participant Variability in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)

FBG was measured by self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG). Between-day glucose variability is measured by the standard deviation of FBG. LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for the stratification factors (country, baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], baseline LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and SU or meglitinide use), treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and baseline FBG intra-participant variability. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks52 weeks
Insulin Glargine17.9017.38
LY260554113.7014.18

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Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Score

ITSQ is a validated instrument containing 22 items that assess treatment satisfaction for participants with diabetes and on insulin. The questionnaire measures satisfaction from the following 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen, Lifestyle Flexibility, Glycemic Control, Hypoglycemic Control, Insulin Delivery Device. Data presented are the transformed overall score on a scale of 0-100, where a higher score indicate better treatment satisfaction. LS means were calculated using ANCOVA with treatment and stratification factors (country, baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], and SU or meglitinide use) as fixed effects and baseline value of the ITSQ score as a covariate. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY260554185.69
Insulin Glargine84.43

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and Without Nocturnal Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as an event which is associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and/or a documented blood glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). A nocturnal hypoglycemic event occurred between bedtime and waking. The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants with HbA1c <7.0% without nocturnal hypoglycemia by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
26 weeks52 weeks
Insulin Glargine18.510.2
LY260554140.134.8

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Adult Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) Score

LBSS (also referenced as Hypoglycemia Fear Survey - II [HFS-II]) is a 33-item questionnaire that measures 1) behaviors to avoid hypoglycemia and its negative consequences (15 items) and 2) worries about hypoglycemia and its negative consequences (18 items). Responses are made on a 5-point Likert scale where 0 = Never and 4 = Always. Total score is the sum of all items (range 0-132). Higher total scores reflect greater fear of hypoglycemia. LS means were calculated using ANCOVA with treatment and stratification factors (country, baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], and SU or meglitinide use) as fixed effects and baseline value of the LBSS score as a covariate. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY260554116.57
Insulin Glargine15.63

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Change From Baseline to 26-week Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

HbA1c is a test that measures a participant's average blood glucose level over a 2 to 3 month timeframe. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusting for stratification factors (country, baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C, <100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) and ≥100 mg/dL], and sulfonylurea (SU) or meglitinide use), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline HbA1c. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541-0.82
Insulin Glargine-0.29

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Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in HbA1c

LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (country, baseline LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and SU or meglitinide use), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline HbA1c. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY2605541-0.67
Insulin Glargine-0.22

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European Quality of Life - 5 Dimension (EuroQol-5D) Score

The EuroQol-5D is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. The profile allows participants to rate their health state in 5 health domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression using a 3-level scale of 1-3 (no problem, some problems, and extreme problems). These combinations of attributes are converted into a weighted health-state Index Score according to the United States population-based algorithm. Scores range from -0.11 to 1.0, where a score of 1.0 indicates perfect health. LS means were calculated using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model adjusting for treatment, stratification factors (country, baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], and SU or meglitinide use), and baseline EuroQol-5D score. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY26055410.87
Insulin Glargine0.88

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Number of Insulin Dose Adjustments to Steady-state

The number of dose adjustments required to reach a steady dose is presented. LS means were calculated from negative binomial regression models, where the number of dose adjustments = treatment + stratification factors (country, baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], baseline LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and SU or meglitinide use). (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks

Interventionnumber of dose adjustments (Least Squares Mean)
LY26055414.06
Insulin Glargine2.75

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Number of Participants With Change in Anti-LY2605541 Antibodies

The number of participants with a treatment-emergent anti-LY2605541 antibody response (TEAR) is summarized. TEAR is defined as change from baseline to post-baseline in the anti-LY2605541 antibody level either from undetectable to detectable, or from detectable to the value with at least 130% relative increase from baseline. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
LY260554170
Insulin Glargine30

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6-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG)

SMBG measurements were taken at 6 time points (pre-morning meal [fasting], pre-midday meal, pre-evening meal, bedtime, approximately 0300 hours, and pre-morning meal [fasting] on the next day) and were performed on 2 non-consecutive days in the week prior to next office visit. LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], country, LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL], and SU or meglitinide use), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline BG values. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: 26 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pre-morning meal, 26 weeksPre-midday meal, 26 weeksPre-evening meal, 26 weeksBedtime, 26 weeks0300 hours, 26 weeksPre-morning meal next day, 26 weeksPre-morning meal, 52 weeksPre-midday meal, 52 weeksPre-evening meal, 52 weeksBedtime, 52 weeks0300 hours, 52 weeksPre-morning meal next day, 52 weeks
Insulin Glargine104.11132.56141.45161.48120.42102.79108.22130.55141.31161.83121.07106.68
LY2605541107.93120.87125.87146.54118.43106.28110.84121.34128.53146.92122.23110.38

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

LS means were calculated using MMRM adjusting for stratification factors (country, baseline HbA1c [≤8.5% and >8.5%], LDL-C [<100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL, except for the LDL-C outcome variable], and SU or meglitinide use), visit, treatment, visit-by-treatment interaction, and baseline body weight. (NCT01582451)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, 52 weeks

,
Interventionkilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
26 weeks52 weeks
Insulin Glargine0.941.32
LY26055410.500.69

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) at 26 Weeks

Least squares (LS) means were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit, oral antihyperglycemic medication regimen (sulfonylureas only, biguanides only, or both), and baseline body mass index (BMI) group (<25 or >=25 kilograms per meter squared [kg/m^2]) as fixed effects, baseline FBG as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01584232)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
LY2189265 + OAM-34.3
Insulin Glargine + OAM-37.8

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 26 Weeks

Least squares (LS) means were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit, oral antihyperglycemic medication regimen (sulfonylureas only, biguanides only, or both), and baseline body mass index (BMI) group (<25 or >=25 kilograms per meter squared [kg/m^2]) as fixed effects, baseline HbA1c as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01584232)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY2189265 + OAM-1.44
Insulin Glargine + OAM-0.90

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemic Episodes

The percentage of participants with hypoglycemic episodes was calculated by dividing the number of participants with at least one hypoglycemic episode over the 26-week treatment period by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100%. All classifications of hypoglycemia (documented symptomatic, asymptomatic, severe, nocturnal, non-nocturnal, probable symptomatic, relative, and unspecified) were included, except for episodes of relative hypoglycemia that were not severe. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01584232)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
LY2189265 + OAM26.0
Insulin Glargine + OAM47.8

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Change From Baseline in 8-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) at 26 Weeks

Participants were to test and record SMBG concentrations in their study diaries before each meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner), approximately 2 hours after the start of each meal, at bedtime, and before breakfast the next morning (second pre-morning meal). Least squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment, oral antihyperglycemic medication regimen (sulfonylureas only, biguanides only, or both), and baseline body mass index (BMI) group (<25 or >=25 kilograms per meter squared [kg/m^2]) as fixed effects and baseline SMBG as a covariate. (NCT01584232)
Timeframe: Baseline, Up to 26 weeks

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Pre-morning meal (n=178, 179)2 hours post-morning meal (n=178, 179)Pre-midday meal (n=178, 179)2 hours post-midday meal (n=178, 179)Pre-evening meal (n=178, 179)2 hours post-evening meal (n=177, 178)Bedtime (n=177, 172)Second pre-morning meal (n=178, 179)
Insulin Glargine + OAM-38.66-36.14-27.94-20.30-17.50-15.55-17.79-37.02
LY2189265 + OAM-33.49-49.54-36.16-43.51-31.14-46.68-41.53-30.81

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) <=6.5% or <7% at 26 Weeks

The percentage of participants achieving HbA1c level less than 7.0% and less than or equal to 6.5% was analyzed with a longitudinal logistic regression model with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit, oral antihyperglycemic medication regimen (sulfonylureas only, biguanides only, or both), and baseline body mass index (BMI) group (<25 or >=25 kilograms per meter squared [kg/m^2]) as fixed effects, baseline HbA1c as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01584232)
Timeframe: Up to 26 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <=6.5%HbA1c <7%
Insulin Glargine + OAM24.045.8
LY2189265 + OAM51.171.3

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at 26 Weeks

Least squares (LS) means were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit, oral antihyperglycemic medication regimen (sulfonylureas only, biguanides only, or both), and baseline body mass index (BMI) group (<25 or >=25 kilograms per meter squared [kg/m^2]) as fixed effects, baseline body weight as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01584232)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks

Interventionkilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
LY2189265 + OAM-0.48
Insulin Glargine + OAM0.94

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Change From Baseline to Day 57 in Waist Circumference

(NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 hours prior to standardized breakfast on Day -1 (Baseline); 0.5 hours prior to IMP administration on Day 57

Interventioncm (Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg-1.40
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-1.93
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-2.12

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Change From Baseline to Day 55 in Gastric Emptying Coefficient

Gastric emptying was measured using 13C-octanoic acid breath test by isotope-selective non-dispersive infrared spectrometry. Gastric emptying coefficient was derived from a mathematical formula that describes the gastric emptying rate and gives an overall index of gastric emptying. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0 (7:30 clock time, prior to standardized breakfast), 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 hours on Day -4 (baseline) and on Day 55

Interventioncoefficient (unit-less) (Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg-0.33
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-0.34
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-0.28

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Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Plasma Glucose Corrected AUC From Time 0.5 Hours to 5.5 Hours

Plasma glucose was assessed using the Gluco-quant Glucose/hexokinase assay. The range of the method was 3 to 1000 mg/dL with 1 mg/dL as limit of detection (LOD). Calculation of the AUC was made on Day -3 (baseline) and on Day 56 using the linear trapezoidal rule from time of breakfast start (30 minutes after study drug administration [time: 0.5 hours]) to 5 hours after breakfast start (time: 5.5 hours) and corrected by subtracting pre-breakfast plasma glucose concentration (time: 0.5 hours). (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours on Day -3 (baseline); 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56

Interventionh*mmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg-13.82
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-9.09
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-10.33

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Change From Baseline to Day 56 in PPG Excursion

Plasma glucose was assessed using the Gluco-quant Glucose/hexokinase assay. The range of the method was 3 to 1000 mg/dL with 1 mg/dL as LOD. PPG excursion was determined on Day -3 (Baseline) and Day 56 as the maximum change in PPG from time of breakfast start (time: 0.5 hours) until 5 hours later (time: 5.5 hours) subtracted from pre-meal plasma concentration. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours on Day -3 (baseline); 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg-3.26
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-1.79
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-2.5

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Change From Baseline to Day 57 in Body Weight

(NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 hours prior to standardized breakfast on Day -1 (Baseline); 0.5 hours prior to study drug administration on Day 57

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg-1.61
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-1.78
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-2.42

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Change From Baseline to Day 55 in Gastric Emptying Half Life (t1/2)

Gastric emptying was measured using 13C-octanoic acid breath test by isotope-selective non-dispersive infrared spectrometry. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 hours on Day -4 (baseline) and on Day 55

Interventionminutes (min) (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg453.56
Liraglutide 1.2 mg175.31
Liraglutide 1.8 mg130.49

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Change From Baseline to Day 57/58 in 24-Hour Mean Heart Rate

The baseline value was the 24-hour mean on Day -2/-1 determined as overall, night and daytime mean. Measurements were made every 15 minutes from 07:00 to 23:00 (daytime) and every 30 minutes from 23:00 to 07:00 (night-time) at baseline and Day 57/58. Measurements were obtained after 10 minutes in the supine resting position. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Every 15 minutes from 07:00 clock time to 23:00 clock time (day-time) and every 30 minutes from 23:00 clock time to 07:00 clock time (night-time) on Day -2/-1 (Baseline) and Day 57/58

Interventionbeats per minute (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg3.34
Liraglutide 1.2 mg9.33
Liraglutide 1.8 mg9.17

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Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Average Daily Insulin Glargine Dose

(NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Day -7 (Baseline), Day 56

Interventionunits (Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg-4.7
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-4.6
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-4.0

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Number of Participants With 2-Hour Post-prandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) <7.77 (mmol/L) at Day 56

Plasma glucose was assessed using the Gluco-quant Glucose/hexokinase assay. The range of the method was 3 to 1000 mg/dL with 1 mg/dL as LOD. The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after start of a standardised breakfast. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Day 56

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lixisenatide 20 µg35
Liraglutide 1.2 mg13
Liraglutide 1.8 mg11

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Change From Baseline to Day 56 in the Cumulative Score Mean on the Appetite Perception Using a Visual Analogue Scale After Standardized Solid Breakfast

Visual Analogue Scale, 100 mm in length with words anchored at each end, expressing the most positive (100 mm) and the most negative rating (0 mm), was used to assess hunger, satiety, fullness and prospective food consumption. Responses were measured as distance from the left end of the line to the mark. Mean change from baseline was calculated for each parameter separately. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time, prior to standardized breakfast), 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours on Day -3; 0 (prior to standardized breakfast), 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56

,,
Interventionmm (Mean)
How hungry do you feel?How satisfied do you feel?How full do you feel?How much do you think you can eat?
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-3.18.99.3-4.5
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-1.03.66.4-7.2
Lixisenatide 20 µg-3.74.54.9-6.4

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Change From Baseline to Day 57/58 in 24-Hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure

The baseline value was the 24-hour means on Day -2/-1 determined as overall, night and day-time mean. Measurements were made every 15 minutes from 07:00 to 23:00 (day-time) and every 30 minutes from 23:00 to 07:00 (night-time) at baseline and at Day 57/58. Measurements were obtained after 10 minutes in the supine resting position. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Every 15 minutes from 07:00 clock time to 23:00 clock time (day-time) and every 30 minutes from 23:00 clock time to 07:00 clock time (night-time) on Day -2/ -1 (Baseline) and Day 57/58

,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
24-Hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure24-Hour Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-0.52.4
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-2.51.6
Lixisenatide 20 µg0.40.8

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Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Average 7-Point Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG)

Seven-point SMPG (before breakfast, 2 hours post breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours post lunch, before dinner, 2 hours post dinner, and at bedtime) was measured using Freestyle Precision glucometer and average of the 7 measurements was calculated. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Before breakfast, 2 hours post breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours post lunch, before dinner, 2 hours post dinner, and at bedtime on Day -3 (Baseline) and on Day 56

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg-0.69
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-0.76
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-1.2

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Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Corrected C-Peptide AUC From Time 0.5 Hours to 5.5 Hours

C-peptide was assessed using the Electro Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay.The range of the method was 0.2 to 25 nanogram per millilitre (ng/mL) and the LOD was 0.07 ng/mL. Measurement was done on Day -3 (Baseline) and Day 56 as the maximum change in C-peptide from time of breakfast start (time: 0.5 hours) until 5 hours later (time: 5.5 hours) subtracted from pre-meal plasma concentration. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours on Day-3 (baseline); 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56

Interventionh*nmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg-1.16
Liraglutide 1.2 mg1.23
Liraglutide 1.8 mg0.88

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Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Corrected Glucagon AUC From Time 0.5 Hours to 5.5 Hours

Glucagon was assessed using the radioimmunoassay. The range of the method was 4.7 to 150 picomole per litre (pmol/L). Measurement was done on Day -3 (Baseline) and Day 56 as the maximum change in glucagon from time of breakfast start (time: 0.5 hours) until 5 hours later (time: 5.5 hours) subtracted from pre-meal plasma concentration. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours on Day -3 (baseline); 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56

Interventionh*ng/L (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg-16.56
Liraglutide 1.2 mg11.58
Liraglutide 1.8 mg5.6

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Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Plasma glucose was assessed using the Gluco-quant Glucose/hexokinase assay. The range of the method was 3 to 1000 mg/dL with 1 mg/dL as LOD. The value of FPG on Day -3 was the baseline. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 hour (prior to standardized breakfast) on Day -3; 0.5 hour (prior to standardized breakfast) on Day 56

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg0.1
Liraglutide 1.2 mg0.12
Liraglutide 1.8 mg0.13

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Change From Baseline to Day 56 in HbA1c

HbA1C was assessed using the high performance liquid chromatography method. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (Hour 0) on Day 1 (Baseline) and Day 56

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 µg-0.58
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-0.66
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-0.74

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Change From Baseline to Day 56 in Plasma Glucose Corrected Area Under The Plasma Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0.5 Hours to 4.5 Hours

Plasma glucose was assessed using the Gluco-quant Glucose/hexokinase assay. The range of the method was 3 to 1000 milligram per decilitre (mg/dL) with 1 mg/dL as limit of detection (LOD). Calculation of the AUC was made on Day -3 (baseline) and on Day 56 using the linear trapezoidal rule from time of breakfast start (30 minutes after study drug administration [time: 0.5 hours]) to 4 hours after breakfast start (time: 4.5 hours) and corrected by subtracting pre-breakfast plasma glucose concentration (time: 0.5 hours). (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours on Day -3 (baseline); 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56

Interventionh*mmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide 20 μg-13.33
Liraglutide 1.2 mg-7.32
Liraglutide 1.8 mg-8.72

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Total Glucose Infused (Gtot)

Gtot is the total glucose infusion over the clamp duration and is used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations are held constant after the administration of study drug by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. Data presented are the total glucose infused, adjusted by body weight. (NCT01600950)
Timeframe: Periods 1 and 2: Baseline up to 42 hours postdose

Interventionmilligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) (Geometric Mean)
LY29630164.60
Lantus6.52

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Time of Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (tRmax)

tRmax is the time to reach maximum glucose infusion rate and is used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations are held constant after the administration of study drug by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. (NCT01600950)
Timeframe: Periods 1 and 2: Baseline up to 42 hours postdose

Interventionhours (hr) (Median)
LY29630169.90
Lantus11.7

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Pharmacodynamics: Duration of Action of LY2963016 and Lantus

Duration of action is defined as the period of time elapsed between dose administration and the time at which the participant's blood glucose is consistently >150 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) without any glucose infusion. Participants whose blood glucose did not rise to 150 mg/dL were censored 42 hours postdose. (NCT01600950)
Timeframe: Periods 1 and 2: Baseline up to 42 hours postdose

Interventionhours (hr) (Median)
LY296301637.13
Lantus40.00

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Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)

Rmax is the maximum infusion rate of glucose administered intravenously needed to maintain a target blood glucose level of 100 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) [5.6 millimoles/Liter (mmol/L)] and is used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations are held constant after the administration of study drug by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. Data presented are the maximum infusion rates, adjusted by body weight. (NCT01600950)
Timeframe: Periods 1 and 2: Baseline up to 42 hours postdose

Interventionmilligrams/kilogram/minute (mg/kg/min) (Geometric Mean)
LY29630160.530
Lantus0.611

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Rate of Hypoglycemic Events (HE)

HE were classified as total HE rate, documented symptomatic hypoglycemia, severe hypoglycemia, and nocturnal. The 1-year adjusted rate of HEs was summarized cumulatively at 52 weeks. A summary of other nonserious AEs, and all SAEs, regardless of causality, is located in the Reported Adverse Events section. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 Weeks

,,
InterventionEvents/Participant/Year (Mean)
Total HE RateDocumented Symptomatic HE RateSevere HE RateNocturnal HE Rate
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg7.594.340.030.76
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg5.824.440.000.70
Insulin Glargine14.369.620.092.48

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Change From Baseline in FG

LS means were calculated using MMRM with the change in FG as the dependent variable and treatment, MA -region, Baseline CKD Severity, week, treatment*week, baseline FG, baseline HbA1c (%), log baseline eGFR (within CKD severity), and participant was the random effect. Covariance structure = Unstructured (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 Weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-6.4
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg20.8
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg28.3

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS means in HbA1c were calculated using a REML based mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with the change in HbA1c as the dependent variable and treatment, MA region, Baseline CKD Severity, week, treatment*week, baseline HbA1c (%), log baseline eGFR (within CKD severity), and participant was the random effect. Covariance structure = Unstructured. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-1.00
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-1.10
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-1.10

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least square (LS) means in HbA1c were calculated using a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) based mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with the change in HbA1c as the dependent variable and treatment, macroalbuminuria (MA) region, Baseline CKD Severity, week, treatment*week, baseline HbA1c (%), log baseline eGFR (within CKD severity), and participant was the random effect. Covariance structure = Unstructured. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-1.13
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-1.12
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-1.19

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Change From Baseline in Mean Daily Insulin Lispro Dose

The mean daily insulin was based on a 4-week interval prior to week 26 assessments. LS means were calculated using a REML based mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with the change in mean daily insulin as the dependent variable and treatment, MA-region, Baseline HbA1c, baseline mean daily insulin, baseline CKD Severity, week, treatment*week, log baseline eGFR (within CKD severity), and participant was the random effect. Covariance structure = Unstructured. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks

InterventionUnits/day (U/day) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine16.64
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg26.16
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg18.12

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Change From Baseline in sCr

Change from baseline in sCr levels after treatment. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 Weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Insulin Glargine0.12
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg0.04
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg0.07

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Change From Baseline in Serum Creatinine (sCr)

Change from baseline in serum creatinine (sCr) levels after treatment. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Insulin Glargine0.10
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg0.02
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg0.04

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Change From Baseline in UACR

The change from baseline in UACR (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 Weeks

Interventiong/kg (Median)
Insulin Glargine3.5
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-3.0
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-11.5

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Percentage of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Events (HE)

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (defined as an episode requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and has a plasma glucose level of ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL), nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurs between bedtime and waking). The number of self-reported hypoglycemic events was summarized cumulatively at 52 weeks. A summary of other nonserious AEs, and all SAEs, regardless of causality, is located in the Reported Adverse Events section. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Total HypoDocumented Symptomatic HypoSevere HypoNocturnal Hypo
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg59.848.12.623.8
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg50.040.5020.5
Insulin Glargine74.763.46.747.9

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Rate of Hypoglycemic Events

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as total HE rate, documented symptomatic hypoglycemia, severe hypoglycemia, and nocturnal. The 1-year adjusted rate of HEs was summarized cumulatively at 26 weeks. A summary of other nonserious AEs, and all SAEs, regardless of causality, is located in the Reported Adverse Events section. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 Weeks

,,
InterventionEvents/Participant/Year (Mean)
Total HE RateDocumented Symptomatic HE RateSevere HE RateNocturnal HE Rate
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg7.764.860.030.73
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg5.454.190.000.63
Insulin Glargine17.0711.340.103.06

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Percentage of Participants Whose HbA1c is <8.0%

Percentage of participants whose HbA1c was <8.0% based on last observation carried forward (LOCF). (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: 52 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine70.3
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg69.5
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg69.1

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Change From Baseline in 8-Point Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG)

The daily mean of 8-point SMPG profile at Week 26 is presented. Participants were required to perform two 8-point SMPG profiles over a 1-week period at 5 separate times throughout the study. LS means were calculated using the MMRM model including the corresponding baseline value as a continuous covariate, as well as baseline HbA1c, MA-region, treatment, week, treatment*week, baseline CKD severity, and log baseline eGFR (within CKD severity).The two 8-point SMPG profiles were collected on two non-consecutive days (pre-meal and 2-hour postprandial SMPG x [morning, midday, and evening meals in one day] + bedtime + 5 hours after bedtime). (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks

Interventionmilligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-37.6
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-31.7
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-33.7

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Change From Baseline in 8-Point SMPG

The daily mean of 8-point SMPG profile at Week 52 is presented. Participants were required to perform two 8-point SMPG profiles over a 1-week period at 5 separate times throughout the study. LS means were calculated using the MMRM model including the corresponding baseline value as a continuous covariate, as well as baseline HbA1c, MA-region, treatment, week, treatment*week, baseline CKD severity, and log baseline eGFR (within CKD severity).The two 8-point SMPG profiles were collected on two non-consecutive days (pre-meal and 2-hour postprandial SMPG x [morning, midday, and evening meals in one day] + bedtime + 5 hours after bedtime). (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 Weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-40.5
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-30.0
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-27.2

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

"LS means were calculated from a REML based MMRM model: Change from Baseline = treatment, week, treatment*Week, MA-region, Baseline HbA1c (%), Baseline Body Weight (kg), Baseline CKD Severity, Log Baseline eGFR (within CKD severity), where participant enters the model as a random effect. Covariance structure = Unstructured.~•" (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks

Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine1.11
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-2.02
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-2.81

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

LS means were calculated from a REML based MMRM model: Change from Baseline = treatment , week, treatment*Week, MA-region, Baseline HbA1c (%), Baseline Body Weight (kg), Baseline CKD Severity, Log Baseline eGFR (within CKD severity), where participant enters the model as a random effect. Covariance structure = Unstructured. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 Weeks

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine1.57
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-1.71
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-2.66

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Change From Baseline in eCrCl

eCrCl was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault [Cockcroft and Gault 1976] equation using baseline estimated lean body weight. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 Weeks

InterventionmL/min (Median)
Insulin Glargine-2.5
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-1.3
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-1.5

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Change From Baseline in eGFR

The change in eGFR by using CKD-EPI equation. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 Weeks

InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Median)
Insulin Glargine-3.3
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-1.5
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-2.0

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Change From Baseline in Estimated Creatinine Clearance (eCrCl)

Estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl) was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault [Cockcroft and Gault 1976] equation using baseline estimated lean body weight. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks

Interventionmilliliter/minute (ml/min) (Median)
Insulin Glargine-2.0
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-1.0
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-0.5

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Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)

The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by using CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks

Interventionmilliliter/minute/1.73m2 (mL/min/1.73m2) (Median)
Insulin Glargine-2.5
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-1.0
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-1.0

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Glucose (FG)

LS means were calculated using MMRM with the change in FG as the dependent variable and treatment, MA -region, Baseline CKD Severity, week, treatment*week, baseline FG, baseline HbA1c (%), log baseline eGFR (within CKD severity), and participant was the random effect. Covariance structure = Unstructured (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks

Interventionmilligram/deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine-19.1
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg17.7
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg23.1

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Change From Baseline in Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR)

The change from baseline in Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR). (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks

Interventiongram/kilogram (g/kg) (Median)
Insulin Glargine-1.3
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg-11.1
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg-10.2

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Change in Mean Daily Insulin Lispro Dose

The mean daily insulin was based on a 4-week interval prior to week 52 assessments. LS means were calculated using a REML based mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with the change in mean daily insulin as the dependent variable and treatment, MA-region, Baseline HbA1c, baseline mean daily insulin, baseline CKD Severity, week, treatment*week, log baseline eGFR (within CKD severity), and participant was the random effect. Covariance structure = Unstructured. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 Weeks

InterventionU/day (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine16.84
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg27.46
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg20.05

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Percentage of Participants Whose HbA1c is <7.0%

Percentage of participants whose HbA1c was <7.0% based on last observation carried forward (LOCF). (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: 52 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine29.1
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg33.5
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg32.9

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Percentage of Participants Whose HbA1c Was <7.0%

Percentage of participants whose HbA1c was <7.0% based on last observation carried forward (LOCF). (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine34.6
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg31.7
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg37.5

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Percentage of Participants Whose HbA1c Was <8.0%

Percentage of Participants whose HbA1c was <8.0% based on last observation carried forward (LOCF). (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine75.3
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg72.6
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg78.3

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Percentage of Participants With Estimated Average Glucose <154 mg/dL

Percentage of Participants With Estimated Average Glucose <154 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL) was based on last observation carried forward (LOCF). (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine64.9
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg52.5
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg56.4

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Percentage of Participants With Estimated Average Glucose <154 mg/dL

Percentage of Participants With Estimated Average Glucose <154 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL) was based on last observation carried forward (LOCF). (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: 52 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine73.7
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg57.4
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg50.9

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Participants With Events of Allergic/Hypersensitivity Reactions

Participants with Events of Allergic/Hypersensitivity Reactions: Angioedema Standardized MedDRA Query (SMQ), Anaphylactic Reaction SMQ, or Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions SMQ (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants with events (Number)
Angioedema SMQAngioedemaEyelid edemaFace edemaUrticariaAnaphylactic Reaction SMQCirculatory collapseSevere Cutaneous Adverse Reactions SMQ
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg20110000
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg21010000
Insulin Glargine10001110

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Percentage of Participants With Self-Reported Hypoglycemic Events (HE)

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (defined as an episode requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and has a plasma glucose level of ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL), nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurs between bedtime and waking). The number of self-reported hypoglycemic events was summarized cumulatively at 26 weeks. A summary of other nonserious AEs, and all SAEs, regardless of causality, is located in the Reported Adverse Events section. (NCT01621178)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 Weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Total HypoDocumented Symptomatic HypoSevere HypoNocturnal Hypo
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg50.840.71.115.9
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg43.231.6013.2
Insulin Glargine71.660.34.138.1

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Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Serum LY2963016 or Lantus Concentration (Cmax)

(NCT01634165)
Timeframe: Predose up to 24 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionpicomoles per liter (pmol/L) (Geometric Mean)
0.3 U/kg LY2963016108
0.6 U/kg LY2963016180
0.3 U/kg Lantus105
0.6 U/kg Lantus174

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Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Serum Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to Last Measured Concentration Value [AUC(0-tlast)] of LY2963016 or Lantus

Results for LY2936016 treatment arms provide the AUC(0-tlast) data for LY2936016, while the results for Lantus treatment arms provide the AUC(0-tlast) for Lantus. (NCT01634165)
Timeframe: Predose up to 24 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionpicomoles*hour per liter (pmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
0.3 U/kg LY29630161730
0.6 U/kg LY29630163160
0.3 U/kg Lantus1670
0.6 U/kg Lantus2940

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Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)

Rmax is used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations are held constant after the administration of LY2963016 or Lantus by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. (NCT01634165)
Timeframe: Postdose up to 24 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionmilligrams/kilograms/minute (mg/kg/min) (Geometric Mean)
0.3 U/kg LY29630161.81
0.6 U/kg LY29630163.05
0.3 U/kg Lantus1.70
0.6 U/kg Lantus3.25

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Total Amount of Glucose Infused (Gtot)

Gtot is used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations are held constant after the administration of LY2963016 or Lantus by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. (NCT01634165)
Timeframe: Postdose up to 24 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionmilligrams per kilograms (mg/kg) (Geometric Mean)
0.3 U/kg LY29630161060
0.6 U/kg LY29630162260
0.3 U/kg Lantus1050
0.6 U/kg Lantus2590

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Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Serum LY2963016 or Lantus Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) From Zero to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)]

Results for LY2936016 treatment arms provide the AUC(0-∞) data for LY2936016, while the results for Lantus treatment arms provide the AUC(0-∞) for Lantus. (NCT01634165)
Timeframe: Predose up to 24 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionpicomoles*hour per liter (pmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
0.3 U/kg LY29630162330
0.6 U/kg LY29630164470
0.3 U/kg Lantus2390
0.6 U/kg Lantus4310

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Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Serum Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours [AUC(0-24)] of LY2963016 or Lantus

Results for LY2936016 treatment arms provide the AUC(0-24) data for LY2936016, while the results for Lantus treatment arms provide the AUC(0-24) for Lantus. (NCT01634165)
Timeframe: Predose up to 24 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionpicomoles*hour per liter (pmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
0.3 U/kg LY29630161730
0.6 U/kg LY29630163160
0.3 U/kg Lantus1690
0.6 U/kg Lantus2940

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Change in Body Mass Index

Body mass index is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionkilogram/square meter (kg/m2) (Least Squares Mean)
Week 26Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide-0.32-0.27
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-0.53-0.40
Insulin Glargine0.370.52

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EQ-5D Health State Score Responses

The EQ-5D questionnaire is a widely used, generic questionnaire that assesses health-related quality of life. It consists of 2 parts. The first part assesses 5 dimensions associated with quality of life (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression). Each dimension has 3 possible levels of response: no problem, some problem, and extreme problem. Additional categories of response include ambiguous and missing. The number of participants per each of the 3 response categories is summarized for each of the 5 dimensions. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Mobility - no problem Week 26Mobility - some problem Week 26Mobility - extreme problem Week 26Mobility - missing Week 26Self-care - no problem Week 26Self-care - some problem Week 26Self-care - extreme problem Week 26Self-care - missing Week 26Usual activities - no problems Week 26Usual activities - some problems Week 26Usual activities - extreme problems Week 26Usual activities - missing Week 26Pain/Discomfort - no problems Week 26Pain/Discomfort - some problems Week 26Pain/Discomfort - ambiguousPain/Discomfort - missing Week 26Anxiety/Depression - no problems Week 26Anxiety/Depression - some problems Week 26Anxiety/Depression - extreme problems Week 26Anxiety/Depression - missing Week 26Mobility - no problems Week 52Mobility - some problems Week 52Mobility - extreme problems Week 52Mobility - missing Week 52Self-care - no problems Week 52Self-care - some problems Week 52Self-care - extreme problems Week 52Self-care - missing Week 52Usual Activities - no problems Week 52Usual Activities - some problems Week 52Usual Activities - extreme problems Week 52Usual Activities - missing Week 52Pain/Discomfort - no problems Week 52Pain/Discomfort - some problems Week 52Pain/Discomfort - extreme problems Week 52Pain/Discomfort - missing Week 52Anxiety/Depression - no problems Week 52Anxiety/Depression - some problems Week 52Anxiety/Depression - extreme problems Week 52Anxiety/Depression - missing Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide21516012270012201101201300120427012071410215700211101018833102071500
1.5 mg Dulaglutide2197042230042197041933204208190421880022420021961019134102052100
Insulin Glargine21020042240042181104188370420326142141601223701219110118543112012901

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Percentages of Participants Developing Treatment-Emergent Dulaglutide Anti-drug Antibody (ADA)

Number of participants with treatment emergent (TE) dulaglutide anti-drug antibodies from postbaseline to follow up were summarized. A participant was considered to have TE dulaglutide ADA if the participant had at least one titer that was treatment-emergent relative to baseline, defined as a 4-fold or greater increase in titer from baseline measurement. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 Weeks

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Participants with >=1 TE Dula ADAParticipants with TE Dula ADA and Neutralizing
0.75 mg Dulaglutide4.31.6
1.5 mg Dulaglutide3.90.8
Insulin Glargine1.60.0

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Percentage of Participants Attaining HbA1c of <7% or ≤6.5% at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks

The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants reaching target HbA1c by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Up to 26 and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7%, Week 26HbA1c ≤6.5%, Week 26HbA1c <7%, Week 52HbA1c ≤6.5%, Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide52.838.945.631.3
1.5 mg Dulaglutide64.851.451.837.2
Insulin Glargine40.021.632.017.2

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 26 Weeks

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least square (LS) means of change from baseline in HbA1c were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with the change in HbA1c as the dependent variable and treatment, baseline HbA1c, country, oral antihyperglycemic medication (OAM) , visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, and participant was the random effect. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-1.73
0.75 mg Dulaglutide-1.33
Insulin Glargine-1.16

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Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks on Blood Pressure (BP)

Seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. LS means of change from baseline were calculated using a MMRM with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionmillimeters of mercury (mmHg)] (Least Squares Mean)
SBP 26 WeeksDBP 26 WeeksSBP 52 WeeksDBP 52 Weeks
0.75 mg Dulaglutide-2.77-0.92-0.610.44
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-5.53-1.58-2.18-0.19
Insulin Glargine-2.22-1.61-0.25-1.13

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Number of Participants With Adjudicated Cardiovascular (CV) Events

Deaths and nonfatal cardiovascular adverse events were adjudicated by a committee of physicians with cardiology expertise external to the Sponsor. The nonfatal cardiovascular events subjected to adjudication included myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, coronary interventions (such as coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention), and cerebrovascular events including cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and transient ischemic attack. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

Interventionparticipants with adjudicated CV events (Number)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide6
0.75 mg Dulaglutide2
Insulin Glargine2

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Number of Participants With Adjudicated Pancreatitis

The number of participants with pancreatitis confirmed by adjudication is summarized. Events of pancreatitis (including suspected pancreatitis and severe or serious abdominal pain) were adjudicated by a committee of expert physicians external to the Sponsor. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 Weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide0
0.75 mg Dulaglutide0
Insulin Glargine0

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Change From Baseline at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks on Pulse Rate

Seated pulse rate was measured. LS means of change from baseline were calculated using a MMRM with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionbeats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean)
Change From Baseline on Pulse rate at Week 26Change From Baseline on Pulse rate at Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide0.653.18
1.5 mg Dulaglutide4.634.18
Insulin Glargine-0.860.07

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Change From Baseline in 7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks

Participants were required to perform 7-point SMBG profiles on 2 separate, nonconsecutive days during the 2 weeks before randomization and Weeks 8, 14, 20, 26, 39, and 52 (or the Early Discontinuation Visit). SMBG measurements were taken using a plasma-equivalent blood glucose (BG) meter at 7 time points: morning pre-meal, morning 2 hours post-meal, mid-day pre-meal, mid-day 2 hours post-meal, evening pre-meal, evening 2 hours post-meal, and at bedtime. Mean and Week 26 and Week 52 was assessed in all treatment groups. LS means of change from baseline were calculated using MMRM with the change in 7-point SMBG as the dependent variable and treatment, baseline value, country, OAM, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, and participant was the random effect. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Morning pre-meal, Week 26Morning 2 hours post-meal, Week 26Mid-day pre-meal, Week 26Mid-day 2 hours post-meal, Week 26Evening pre-meal, Week 26Evening 2 hours post-meal, Week 26Bed time, Week 26Morning pre-meal, Week 52Morning 2 hours post-meal, Week 52Mid-day pre-meal, Week 52Mid-day 2 hours post-meal, Week 52Evening pre-meal, Week 52Evening 2 hours post-meal, Week 52Bed time, Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide-1.89-3.43-2.07-2.71-1.74-2.58-2.51-1.76-3.25-1.89-2.61-1.61-2.54-2.50
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-2.18-3.81-2.45-3.16-2.25-3.00-2.95-2.06-3.58-2.37-2.75-2.15-2.93-2.90
Insulin Glargine-2.83-3.32-2.10-2.11-1.62-2.11-2.16-2.83-3.05-1.94-2.12-1.51-2.10-1.91

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Number of Self-reported Hypoglycemic Events

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant felt that he/she was experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and had a plasma glucose level of less than or equal to 3.9 millimoles/liter [mmol/L]), asymptomatic (defined as events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of less than or equal to 3.9 mmol/L), nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (defined as events during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination). The number of self-reported hypoglycemic events was summarized cumulatively at 52 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Total HE Week 26Severe HE Week 26Nocturnal HE Week 26Documented Symptomatic Week 26Asymptomatic HE Week 26Probable HE Week 26Total HE Week 52Severe HE Week 52Nocturnal HE Week 52Documented Symptomatic HE Week 52Asymptomatic HE Week 52Probable HE Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide16.70.03.97.88.25.119.80.04.39.710.15.4
1.5 mg Dulaglutide19.40.06.211.210.14.322.50.07.012.412.04.7
Insulin Glargine29.60.011.117.014.27.534.80.013.820.619.48.3

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c at 52 Weeks

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS means of change from baseline in HbA1c were calculated using a MMRM with the change in HbA1c as the dependent variable and treatment, baseline HbA1c, country, OAM, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, and participant was as the random effect. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-1.47
0.75 mg Dulaglutide-1.03
Insulin Glargine-0.89

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Change From Baseline in Electrocardiogram Parameters, Heart Rate (HR)

(NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionbeats per minute (bpm) (Mean)
Week 26Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide3.773.40
1.5 mg Dulaglutide6.135.04
Insulin Glargine-0.460.43

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Change From Baseline in Electrocardiogram Parameters, Fridericia Corrected QT (QTcF) Interval and PR Interval

The QT interval is a measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave and was calculated from electrocardiogram (ECG) data using Fridericia's formula: QTc = QT/RR^0.33. Corrected QT (QTc) is the QT interval corrected for heart rate and RR, which is the interval between two R waves. PR is the interval between the P wave and the QRS complex. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionmillisecond (msec) (Mean)
QTcF Interval 26 WeeksPR Interval 26 WeeksQTcF Interval 52 WeeksPR Interval 52 Weeks
0.75 mg Dulaglutide0.762.881.193.55
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-1.653.090.553.60
Insulin Glargine2.56-0.864.030.63

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

(NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Week 26Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide-0.88-0.76
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-1.47-1.08
Insulin Glargine0.971.35

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Change From Baseline in EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale Score

The EQ-5D is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. Overall health state score was self-reported using a visual analogue scale (VAS) marked on a scale of 0 to 100 with 0 representing worst imaginable health state and 100 representing best imaginable health state. LS means of change from baseline were calculated using ANCOVA and adjusted by treatment, country, and baseline. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, 52 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Week 26Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide1.672.34
1.5 mg Dulaglutide1.082.65
Insulin Glargine1.412.55

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Change From Baseline in Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 Steady-state Beta (β)- Cell Function (HOMA2-%B) at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks

The updated Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2) was used to quantify steady state beta-cell function (%B). HOMA2-%B is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate %B as a percentage of a normal reference population. LS means were calculated using a homeostasis model assessment with change from baseline in HOMA-%B as a covariate and country, baseline measurement, OAM, and treatment as fixed effects. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of HOMA2-%B (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin-Based HOMA2-%B, 26 WeeksInsulin-Based HOMA2-%B, 52 Weeks
0.75 mg Dulaglutide31.1736.64
1.5 mg Dulaglutide34.4145.12

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Change From Baseline in Pancreatic Enzymes

Amylase (total and pancreas-derived) and lipase concentrations were measured (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
InterventionUnits/Liter (U/L) (Mean)
Amylase, Total 26 WeeksAmylase, pancreas derived 26 WeeksLipase 26 WeeksAmylase, Total 52 WeeksAmylase, pancreas derived 52 WeeksLipase 52 Weeks
0.75 mg Dulaglutide7.545.1410.676.424.059.64
1.5 mg Dulaglutide7.505.8311.007.825.4810.76
Insulin Glargine-0.37-0.21-2.740.64-0.49-3.66

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks

LS means of change from baseline were calculated using MMRM with the change in FBG as the dependent variable and treatment, baseline value, country, OAM, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, and participant was the random effect. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Change from baseline in FBG, 26 WeeksChange from baseline in FBG, 52 Weeks
0.75 mg Dulaglutide-1.71-1.53
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-2.35-2.23
Insulin Glargine-2.59-2.35

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Rate of Hypoglycemic Events

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as documented symptomatic hypoglycemia, asymptomatic hypoglycemia, severe hypoglycemia, and probable symptomatic hypoglycemia. The 1-year adjusted rate of HEs was summarized cumulatively at 26 weeks and 52 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks and 52 weeks

,,
Interventionevents per participant per year (Mean)
1-year Rate of HE, Week 26Severe HE Week 26Nocturnal HE Week 261-year Rate of HE, Week 52Severe HE Week 52Nocturnal HE Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide0.98NA0.130.80NA0.10
1.5 mg Dulaglutide1.27NA0.190.89NA0.11
Insulin Glargine2.13NA0.381.92NA0.31

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Change From Baseline in Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 Insulin Sensitivity - Cell Function (HOMA2-%S) at 26 Weeks and 52 Weeks

The HOMA2 was used to estimate the steady-state insulin sensitivity (%S). HOMA2-S is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate insulin sensitivity (%S) as a percentage of the normal reference population. LS means were calculated using an homeostasis model assessment with change from baseline in HOMA-%S as a covariate and country, baseline measurement, OAM, and treatment as fixed effects. (NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of HOMA2-%S (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin-Based HOMA2-%S, Week 26Insulin-Based HOMA2-%S, Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide-10.03-12.32
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-6.86-10.19

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Change From Baseline in Serum Calcitonin

(NCT01648582)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks, 52 Weeks

,,
Interventionpicomole/liter (Mean)
Week 26Week 52
0.75 mg Dulaglutide-0.07-0.08
1.5 mg Dulaglutide0.01-0.03
Insulin Glargine0.02-0.05

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Part B: Glycodynamics: Maximum Rate of Glucose Disposal

The maximum rate of glucose disposal (Rdmax) is presented. The duration of the clamp procedure was 10 hours for the LY2605541 74.1 mU/min dose in Part B. The duration of the clamp procedures performed at the 15.3 mU/min LY2605541 dose and both of the insulin glargine doses was 8 hours. (NCT01654380)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 10 hours (duration of the euglycemic glucose clamp)

Interventionmilligrams/minute/kilograms (mg/min/kg) (Geometric Mean)
15.3 mU/Min LY26055411.80
74.1 mU/Min LY26055412.89
10 mU/m^2/Min Insulin Glargine2.15
20 mU/m^2/Min Insulin Glargine3.55

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Part B: Glucodynamics: Endogenous Glucose Output

"The percent suppression from baseline in endogenous glucose production (EGP) is presented. Percent EGP change from baseline was calculated by (1-[last 2 hours of EGP/basal EGP])*100.~The duration of the clamp procedure was 10 hours for the LY2605541 74.1 mU/min dose in Part B. The duration of the clamp procedures performed at the 15.3 mU/min LY2605541 dose and both of the insulin glargine doses was 8 hours." (NCT01654380)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 10 hours (duration of the euglycemic glucose clamp)

Interventionpercent of suppression (Mean)
15.3 mU/Min LY260554164.53
74.1 mU/Min LY260554199.23
10 mU/m^2/Min Insulin Glargine78.05
20 mU/m^2/Min Insulin Glargine97.05

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Part B: Glycodynamics: Glucose Disposal

"The fold change from baseline in glucose disappearance rate (GDR) is presented. The fold GDR increase from baseline was calculated by last 2 hours of GDR/basal GDR.~The duration of the clamp procedure was 10 hours for the LY2605541 74.1 mU/min dose in Part B. The duration of the clamp procedures performed at the 15.3 mU/min LY2605541 dose and both of the insulin glargine doses was 8 hours." (NCT01654380)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 10 hours (duration of the euglycemic glucose clamp)

Interventionfold change (Mean)
15.3 mU/Min LY26055410.68
74.1 mU/Min LY26055411.42
10 mU/m^2/Min Insulin Glargine0.98
20 mU/m^2/Min Insulin Glargine1.85

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Percentage of Time Above the Upper Limit of Glycemic Range (Greater Than [>] 7.8 mmol/L [(140 mg/dL])

Percentage of time with glucose above the upper limit of glycemic range (>7.8 mmol/L) was assessed by the total time above the upper limit of glycemic range divided by the length of the assessment interval. (NCT01658579)
Timeframe: Up to Week 16 (assessed at Weeks 7-8 in Period A and Weeks 15-16 in Period B)

Interventionpercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300 Combined58.24
Lantus Combined57.38

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Percentage of Time Below The Lower Limit of Glycemic Range (<4.4 mmol/L [80 mg/dL])

Percentage of time with glucose below the lower limit of glycemic range (<4.4 mmol/L) was assessed by the total time below the lower limit of glycemic range divided by the length of the assessment interval. (NCT01658579)
Timeframe: Up to Week 16 (assessed at Weeks 7-8 in Period A and Weeks 15-16 in Period B)

Interventionpercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300 Combined10.01
Lantus Combined11.64

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Evaluation of Diurnal Glucose Exposure, Variability, and Stability

The diurnal glucose exposure is measured as the average diurnal glucose concentration, diurnal glucose variability is measured by interquartile range (IQR), that is, average distance between the 25th and the 75th point-wise percentiles and diurnal glucose stability is assessed in terms of the mean absolute rate of change (mmol/l), that is, the area under the absolute rate of change of the median curve (based on the median point values between two adjacent hourly basket intervals), divided by the length of the assessment interval. (NCT01658579)
Timeframe: Up to Week 16 (assessed at Weeks 7-8 in Period A and Weeks 15-16 in Period B)

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Diurnal Glucose ExposureDiurnal Glucose StabilityDiurnal Glucose Variability
HOE901-U300 Combined8.8690.6734.931
Lantus Combined8.9100.7035.279

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Percentage of Time in Target Plasma Glucose Range (4.4-7.8 mmol/L [80-140 mg/dL])

Percentage of time with glucose within glycemic range (4.4-7.8 mmol/L) was assessed by the total time within glycemic range divided by the length of the assessment interval. (NCT01658579)
Timeframe: Up to Week 16 (assessed at Weeks 7-8 in Period A and Weeks 15-16 in Period B)

Interventionpercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300 Combined31.75
Lantus Combined30.99

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 8 and 16

(NCT01658579)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8, 16

,
Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Mean)
Week 8 (n= 29, 20)Week 16 (n= 28, 27)
HOE901-U300 Combined-0.22-0.44
Lantus Combined-0.23-0.22

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 8 and 16

(NCT01658579)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8, 16

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 8 (n=24, 23)Week 16 (n= 24, 22)
HOE901-U300 Combined-0.89-0.99
Lantus Combined-0.100.78

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (All and Nocturnal) Events From Baseline Up to Week 16

Hypoglycemia events were Severe hypoglycemia (an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions); Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (typical symptoms of hypoglycemia with plasma glucose level of <=3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]); Asymptomatic hypoglycemia (no typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but plasma glucose level <=3.9 mmol/L); Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia (an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination, but was presumably caused by a plasma glucose level <=3.9 mmol/L, symptoms treated with oral carbohydrate without a test of plasma glucose); Relative hypoglycemia (an event during which the person with diabetes reported any of the typical symptoms of hypoglycemia, and interpreted the symptoms as indicative of hypoglycemia, but plasma glucose level >3.9 mmol/L); Severe and/or confirmed a hypoglycemia (plasma glucose <=3.9 mmol/L). (NCT01658579)
Timeframe: Up to Week 16

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any Hypoglycemia Event: All HypoglycemiaSevere Hypoglycemia: All HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic: All HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic: All HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic: All HypoglycemiaRelative: All HypoglycemiaSevere and/or Confirmed: All HypoglycemiaAny Hypoglycemia Event: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaSevere Hypoglycemia: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaRelative: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaSevere and/or Confirmed: Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
HOE901-U300 Combined1003.393.386.716.70.010080.00.066.740.03.30.080.0
Lantus Combined10010.396.696.627.66.910093.16.979.348.310.36.993.1

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Change in Basal Insulin Daily Dose From Baseline to Week 8 and 16

(NCT01658579)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8, 16

,
InterventionU/kg (Mean)
Week 8 (n= 30, 29)Week 16 (n=29, 27)
HOE901-U300 Combined0.060.05
Lantus Combined0.030.03

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Percentage of Time in Target Plasma Glucose Range (4.4-7.8 mmol/L [80-140 mg/dL]) in the Last Four Hours of Each Dosing Interval at Weeks 7 and 8 in Period A and Weeks 15 and 16 in Period B

Percentage of time with glucose within glycemic range (4.4-7.8 mmol/L) was assessed by the total time within glycemic range divided by the length of the assessment interval. (NCT01658579)
Timeframe: Weeks 7-8 in Period A and Weeks 15-16 in Period B

,
Interventionpercentage of time (Mean)
Week 7, 8 (n=28, 27)Week 15, 16 (n=29, 26)
HOE901-U300 Combined32.0833.02
Lantus Combined29.0728.70

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Change in Average 7-Point Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profile From Baseline to Week 8 and 16

Change in average of 7-point SMPG. 7-point SMPG was assessed starting with a measurement at before breakfast and 2 hours after breakfast; before and 2 hours after lunch; before and 2 hours after dinner; at bedtime. (NCT01658579)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8, 16

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 8Week 16
HOE901-U300 Combined-0.39-0.47
Lantus Combined0.390.58

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Change in 24-hour Average 8-point SMPG Profile From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Change in 24-hour average of 8-point SMPG profile. 8-point SMPG was assessed at: 03:00 hours (clock time) at night; before and 2 hours after breakfast; before and 2 hours after lunch; before and 2 hours after dinner; and at bedtime. Only 24-hour average 8-point SMPG measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 Endpoint is either the observed value at Month 6 visit or value retrieved according to time windows. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-2.72
Lantus-2.90

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Change in Daily Basal Insulin Dose From Baseline to Month 6

Only insulin dose measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 value corresponds to the observed value at Month 6 visit. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

InterventionU/kg (Mean)
HOE901-U3000.43
Lantus0.34

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Only FPG measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 Endpoint is either the observed value at Month 6 visit or value retrieved according to time windows. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-3.41
Lantus-3.80

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Only HbA1c measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 Endpoint is either the observed value at Month 6 visit or value retrieved according to time windows. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-1.42
Lantus-1.46

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Change in Preinjection Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Pre-injection SMPG was measured within 30 minutes prior to the injection of the study drug. Except for baseline value average of preinjection SMPG was assessed by the mean of at least 3 SMPG calculated over the 7 days preceding the assessment visit. Only preinjection SMPG measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 Endpoint is either the observed value at Month 6 visit or value retrieved according to time windows. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-2.16
Lantus-2.33

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Change in Total Treatment Satisfaction Score Using The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

DTSQ is a validated measure to assess how satisfied participants with diabetes are with their treatment and how they perceive hyper- and hypoglycemia. It consists of 8 questions which are answered on a Likert scale from 0 to 6. DTSQ treatment satisfaction score is the sum of question 1 and 4-8 scores and ranges between 0 and 36, where higher scores indicate more treatment satisfaction. Only DTSQ total score measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 Endpoint is either the observed value at Month 6 visit or value retrieved according to time windows. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U3004.89
Lantus5.12

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Change in Variability of 24 Hour Average 8-point SMPG Profiles From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Variability is assessed by the mean of coefficient of variation calculated as 100 multiplied by (standard deviation/mean) over at least 5 measurements of the 8-point profiles. Only variability of 24-hour 8-point SMPG measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 Endpoint is either the observed value at Month 6 visit or value retrieved according to time windows. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionpercentage of mean (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U3001.53
Lantus1.41

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Percentage of Participants With FPG <5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) at Month 6

Only FPG measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 value corresponds to the observed value at Month 6 visit. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30026.2
Lantus29.5

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Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/or Confirmed Nocturnal Hypoglycemia From Start of Week 9 to Month 6

Nocturnal hypoglycemia was hypoglycemia that occurred between 00:00 and 05:59 hours (clock time), regardless the participant was awake or woke up because of the event. Severe hypoglycemia was an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Confirmed hypoglycemia was an event associated with plasma glucose less than or equal to (<=) 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (70 milligram per deciliter [mg/dL]). Only nocturnal hypoglycemia occurring before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Week 9 and Month 6 value correspond to the observed value at Week 9 and Month 6 visit respectively. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Week 9 Up to Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30015.5
Lantus17.4

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (All and Nocturnal) Events From Baseline up to Month 12

Hypoglycemia events were Severe hypoglycemia (an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions); Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (typical symptoms of hypoglycemia with plasma glucose level of <=3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]); Asymptomatic hypoglycemia (no typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but plasma glucose level <=3.9 mmol/L); Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia (an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination, but was presumably caused by a plasma glucose level <=3.9 mmol/L, symptoms treated with oral carbohydrate without a test of plasma glucose); Relative hypoglycemia (an event during which the person with diabetes reported any of the typical symptoms of hypoglycemia, and interpreted the symptoms as indicative of hypoglycemia, but plasma glucose level >3.9 mmol/L); Severe and/or confirmed a hypoglycemia (plasma glucose <=3.9 mmol/L). (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any Hypoglycemia Event: All HypoglycemiaSevere Hypoglycemia: All HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic: All HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic: All HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic: All HypoglycemiaRelative: All HypoglycemiaSevere and/or Confirmed: All HypoglycemiaAny Hypoglycemia Event: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaSevere Hypoglycemia: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaRelative: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaSevere and/or Confirmed: Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
HOE901-U30058.91.439.141.63.210.656.327.60.018.613.30.74.425.3
Lantus63.22.144.146.83.011.661.230.10.720.816.00.03.229.5

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Change in 8-Point SMPG Profiles Per Time Point From Baseline to Month 6

Change in each time-point of 8-point SMPG profile: 03:00 hours (clock time) at night; before and 2 hours after breakfast; before and 2 hours after lunch; before and 2 hours after dinner; and at bedtime. Only 8-point SMPG profiles measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 value corresponds to the observed value at Month 6 visit. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
03:00 at Night Plasma Glucose (n=281,277)Pre-Breakfast Plasma Glucose (n=292,286)2 Hours After Breakfast Plasma Glucose (n=278,278)Pre-Lunch Plasma Glucose (n=289,281)2 Hours After Lunch Plasma Glucose (n=280,269)Pre-Dinner Plasma Glucose (n=291,285)2 Hours After Dinner Plasma Glucose (n=282,269)Bedtime Plasma Glucose (n=249,249)
HOE901-U300-2.63-3.28-3.69-2.58-2.19-2.57-2.36-2.19
Lantus-3.01-3.72-4.08-3.39-3.13-2.43-2.33-2.26

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Variability of Preinjection SMPG at Month 6 Endpoint

Pre-injection SMPG was measured within 30 minutes prior to the injection of the study drug. Variability was assessed by the mean of coefficient of variation calculated as 100 multiplied by (standard deviation/mean) over at least 3 SMPG measured during the 7 days preceding the assessment visit. Only preinjection SMPG measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 Endpoint is either the observed value at Month 6 visit or value retrieved according to time windows. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of mean (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U30018.70
Lantus18.33

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Month 6

Only HbA1c measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy were considered in the analysis. Month 6 value corresponds to the observed value at Month 6 visit. (NCT01676220)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30043.1
Lantus42.1

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event Excluding Data After Glycemic Rescue

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure. (NCT01682759)
Timeframe: Up to Week 57

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin54.7
Glimepiride61.6

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Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued From the Study Due to an Adverse Event Excluding Data After Glycemic Rescue

(NCT01682759)
Timeframe: Up to Week 54

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin3.7
Glimepiride2.7

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Percentage of Participants Achieving a Hemoglobin A1C of <7.0% at Week 54

The percentage of participants who achieved A1C values <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) in the FAS Population at Week 54. (NCT01682759)
Timeframe: Week 54

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin47.7
Glimepiride58.0

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Percentage of Participants Achieving a Hemoglobin A1C of <6.5% at Week 54

The percentage of participants who achieved A1C values <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) in the FAS Population at Week 54. (NCT01682759)
Timeframe: Week 54

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin25.1
Glimepiride28.8

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1C at Week 54

Hemoglobin A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 54 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. (NCT01682759)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54

InterventionA1C (%) (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin-0.30
Glimepiride-0.48

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose at Week 54

Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. FPG is expressed as mg/dL. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 54 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 54 minus FPG at baseline). (NCT01682759)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin-2.7
Glimepiride-8.3

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 54 Excluding Data After Gylcemic Rescue

(NCT01682759)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin-0.4
Glimepiride1.5

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Percentage of Participants With an Adverse Event of Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Excluding Data After Glycemic Rescue

Symptomatic episode of hypoglycemia was an episode with clinical symptoms reported by the investigator as hypoglycemia (concurrent fingerstick glucose not required). (NCT01682759)
Timeframe: Up to Week 54

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin5.3
Glimepiride26.7

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Percentage of Participants With Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) <5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) At Month 6

(NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901--U3009.9
Lantus12.8

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5% at Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901--U3008.1
Lantus5.5

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901--U30016.8
Lantus15.0

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Percentage of Participants With FPG <7.2 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) at Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901--U30025.3
Lantus25.6

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Change in Variability of Pre-injection SMPG From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Pre-injection SMPG was measured within 30 minutes prior to the injection of the study drug. Variability was assessed by the mean of coefficient of variation calculated as 100 multiplied by (standard deviation/mean) over at least 3 SMPG measured during the 7 days preceding the assessment visit. (NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionpercentage of mean (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901--U300-3.03
Lantus-1.76

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Change in Total Treatment Satisfaction Score Using The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

DTSQ is a validated measure to assess how satisfied participants with diabetes are with their treatment and how they perceive hyper- and hypoglycemia. It consists of 8 questions which are answered on a Likert scale from 0 to 6. DTSQ treatment satisfaction score is the sum of question 1 and 4-8 scores and ranges between 0 and 36, where higher scores indicate more treatment satisfaction. (NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901--U3001.00
Lantus1.41

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Change In HbA1c From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901--U300-0.40
Lantus-0.44

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901--U300-0.95
Lantus-1.14

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Change in Daily Average Total Insulin Dose From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

(NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

InterventionU/kg (Mean)
HOE901--U3000.19
Lantus0.10

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (All and Nocturnal) Events From Baseline to Month 12

Hypoglycemia events were Severe hypoglycemia (an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions); Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (typical symptoms of hypoglycemia with plasma glucose level of <=3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]); Asymptomatic hypoglycemia (no typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but plasma glucose level <=3.9 mmol/L); Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia (an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination, but was presumably caused by a plasma glucose level <=3.9 mmol/L, symptoms treated with oral carbohydrate without a test of plasma glucose); Relative hypoglycemia (an event during which the person with diabetes reported any of the typical symptoms of hypoglycemia, and interpreted the symptoms as indicative of hypoglycemia, but plasma glucose level >3.9 mmol/L); Severe and/or confirmed a hypoglycemia (plasma glucose <=3.9 mmol/L). (NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any Hypoglycemia Event: All HypoglycemiaSevere Hypoglycemia: All HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic: All HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic: All HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic: All HypoglycemiaRelative: All HypoglycemiaSevere and/or Confirmed: All HypoglycemiaAny Hypoglycemia Event: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaSevere Hypoglycemia: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaRelative: Nocturnal HypoglycemiaSevere and/or Confirmed: Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
HOE901--U30095.39.187.676.611.314.694.973.43.364.235.05.14.072.6
Lantus94.911.386.581.515.39.594.574.93.363.338.96.55.574.5

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Change In Average Pre-Injection Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) From Baseline Month 6 Endpoint

Pre-injection SMPG was measured within 30 minutes prior to the injection of the study drug. Average was assessed by the mean of at least 3 SMPG calculated over the 7 days preceding the assessment visit. (NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionmillimole per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901--U300-1.16
Lantus-0.82

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Change in 8--Point SMPG Profiles Per Time Point From Baseline to Month 6 Endpoint

Change in each time-point of 8-point SMPG profile: 03:00 hours (clock time) at night; before and 2 hours after breakfast; before and 2 hours after lunch; before and 2 hours after dinner; and at bedtime. (NCT01683266)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
03:00 at Night (n= 156, 159)Pre--Breakfast (n= 166, 167)2 Hours After Breakfast (n= 152, 156)Pre--Lunch (n= 166, 166)2 Hours After Lunch (n= 163,163)Pre--Dinner (n= 165,166)2 Hours After Dinner (n= 154,152)Bedtime (n= 141,146)
HOE901--U300-0.47-0.86-0.62-0.95-0.13-0.56-0.93-0.80
Lantus-0.67-0.07-1.18-0.93-1.43-1.74-1.19-1.91

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Total Amount of Glucose Infused (Gtot) Over the Duration of Clamp Procedure

Gtot was the total glucose infusion over the clamp duration and was used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations were held constant after the administration of LY2963016 or US-approved Lantus by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. Data presented were adjusted by the body weight. (NCT01688635)
Timeframe: 30 minutes predose up to 24 hours postdose in all treatment periods

Interventionmilligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) (Geometric Mean)
LY29630161670
US-approved Lantus1820

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of LY2963016 and US-Approved Lantus

(NCT01688635)
Timeframe: 30 minutes predose up to 24 hours postdose in all treatment periods

Interventionpicomoles/liter (pmol/L) (Geometric Mean)
LY2963016103
US-approved Lantus111

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC) of LY2963016 and US-Approved Lantus

The AUC from time 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24) of LY2963016 and US-Approved Lantus was measured. (NCT01688635)
Timeframe: 30 minutes predose up to 24 hours postdose in all treatment periods

Interventionpicomoles*hour/liter (pmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
LY29630161720
US-approved Lantus1900

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Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)

Rmax is the maximum infusion rate of glucose administered intravenously needed to maintain target blood glucose level and is used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations are held constant after the administration of LY2963016 or US-approved Lantus by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. Data presented were adjusted by the body weight. (NCT01688635)
Timeframe: 30 minutes predose up to 24 hours postdose in all treatment periods

Interventionmilligrams/kilograms/minute (mg/kg/min) (Geometric Mean)
LY29630162.12
US-approved Lantus2.27

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event Which Were Included Under the System Order Class of Investigations (Phase A+B)

The following laboratory parameters were included: blood chemistry, hematology, electrocardiograms, lipids, body weight, and vital signs. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 104 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B)21.9
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B)17.4

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Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event (Phase A+B)

An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. Presented data exclude data after glycemic rescue. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 104 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B)2.0
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B)4.5

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Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Cumulative Incidence of Participants Requiring Glycemic Rescue Therapy by 24 Weeks (Phase A)

Participants who did not meet progressively stricter glycemic criteria in Phase A had rescue initiated with open-label glimepiride. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin (Phase A)8.5
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A)9.7

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Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Cumulative Incidence of Participants Requiring Glycemic Rescue Therapy by 104 Weeks (Phase A+B)

Participants who did not meet progressively stricter glycemic criteria in Phase A had rescue initiated with open-label glimepiride. If during Phase B participants on open-label glimepiride or blinded glimepiride/glimepiride matching placebo needed rescue after maximum up-titration, then insulin glargine was initiated and the dose of open-label glimepiride or blinded glimepiride/glimepiride-matching placebo was discontinued. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 104 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B)20.2
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B)16.2

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Change From Baseline in PMG Total Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time Curve (AUC) at Week 24 (Phase A)

Change from baseline in PMG total AUC at Week 24 based on a cLDA model including terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. Plasma glucose levels were measured before the meal (0 minutes), and at 60 and 120 minutes after the meal. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionmg*h/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin (Phase A)-46.4
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A)-18.6

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Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <7.0% After 24 Weeks of Treatment (Phase A)

Percentage of participants attaining A1C glycemic goals of <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) after 24 weeks of treatment estimated using standard multiple imputation techniques. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin (Phase A)38.0
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A)18.8

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Change From Baseline in 2-hour Post-meal Glucose (PMG) at Week 24 (Phase A)

Change from baseline in 2-hour PMG at Week 24 was analyzed using cLDA method with a restriction of the same baseline mean across treatment groups. The cLDA model included terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin (Phase A)-26.8
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A)-12.2

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Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 104 (Phase A+B)

A1C is measured as a percent. Change from baseline in A1C at Week 104 was analyzed using cLDA method with a restriction of the same baseline mean across treatment groups. The cLDA model included terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionPercent (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B)-0.42
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B)-0.51

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Insulin at Week 104 (Phase A+B)

Change from baseline in fasting insulin at Week 104 based on a cLDA model including terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionμIU/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B)1.2
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B)1.8

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (A1C) at Week 24 (Phase A)

A1C is measured as a percent. Change from baseline in A1C at Week 24 was analyzed using a constrained longitudinal data analysis (cLDA) method with a restriction of the same baseline mean across treatment groups. The cLDA model included terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionPercent (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin (Phase A)-0.54
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A)0.00

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Insulin at Week 24 (Phase A)

Change from baseline in fasting insulin at Week 24 based on a cLDA model including terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionmicro International Unit (μIU)/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin (Phase A)1.8
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A)-1.9

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Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <7% After 104 Weeks of Treatment (Phase A+B)

Percentage of participants attaining A1C glycemic goals of <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) after 104 weeks of treatment estimated using standard multiple imputation techniques. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: 104 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B)32.2
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B)39.0

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Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <6.5% After 104 Weeks of Treatment (Phase A+B)

Percentage of participants attaining A1C glycemic goals of <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) after 104 weeks of treatment estimated using standard multiple imputation techniques. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: 104 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B)13.7
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B)17.9

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Glycemic Rescue Therapy at or Before Week 104 (Phase A+B)

Data presented are a cumulative incidence of participants with glycemic rescue by Week 104. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 104 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B)17.4
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B)13.9

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Glycemic Rescue Therapy at or Before Week 24 (Phase A)

Data presented are a cumulative incidence of participants with glycemic rescue by Week 24. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin (Phase A)8.0
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A)9.0

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event (Phase A+B)

An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. Presented data exclude data after glycemic rescue. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 107 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B)65.7
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B)65.2

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Change From Baseline in FPG at Week 104 (Phase A+B)

Change from baseline in FPG at Week 104 was analyzed using cLDA method with a restriction of the same baseline mean across treatment groups. The cLDA model included terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B)-7.8
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B)-18.2

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24 (Phase A)

Change from baseline in FPG at Week 24 was analyzed using cLDA method with a restriction of the same baseline mean across treatment groups. The cLDA model included terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Omarigliptin (Phase A)-10.7
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A)-1.2

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Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <6.5% After 24 Weeks of Treatment (Phase A)

Percentage of participants attaining A1C glycemic goals of <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) after 24 weeks of treatment estimated using standard multiple imputation techniques. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Omarigliptin (Phase A)10.6
Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A)6.4

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Week 26

"Primary outcome was the comparison between Lixisenatide versus Insulin Glulisine TID.~Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug." (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide-0.63
Insulin Glulisine QD1.03
Insulin Glulisine TID1.37

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Change in Average 7-point SMPG Profiles From Baseline to Week 26

Participants recorded a 7-point plasma glucose profile measured before and 2 hours after each meal and at bedtime three times in a week before baseline, before visit Week 12 and before visit week 26 and the average value across the profiles performed in the week a visit for the 7-time points was calculated. Change in average 7-point SMPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide-0.784
Insulin Glulisine QD-0.782
Insulin Glulisine TID-1.053

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Change in FPG From Baseline to Week 26

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide-0.23
Insulin Glulisine QD-0.21
Insulin Glulisine TID-0.06

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Change in Glucose Excursions From Baseline to Week 26 (in Participants Who Had an Injection of IMP Before Breakfast)

Glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG minus plasma glucose 30 minutes prior to the standardized meal test, before study drug administration. Change in glucose excursions was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Lixisenatide-3.42
Insulin Glulisine QD-1.59
Insulin Glulisine TID-1.56

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Change in Insulin Glargine Dose From Baseline to Week 26

Change in Insulin glargine dose was calculated by subtracting the baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

InterventionU (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide0.7
Insulin Glulisine QD-0.06
Insulin Glulisine TID-3.13

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Change in PPG From Baseline to Week 26 (in Participants Who Had an Injection of Investigational Medicinal Product [IMP] Before Breakfast)

The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a standardized meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Lixisenatide-3.93
Insulin Glulisine QD-1.62
Insulin Glulisine TID-1.87

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Insulin Glulisine Dose at Week 26

The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionU (Mean)
Insulin Glulisine QD9.97
Insulin Glulisine TID20.24

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Percentage of Participants Who Reached the Target of HbA1c <7% at Week 26 and Did Not Experienced Documented (Plasma Glucose <60 mg/dL) Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During 26 Week Treatment Period

The on-treatment period for HbA1c assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug. The on-treatment period for symptomatic hypoglycemia assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lixisenatide29.4
Insulin Glulisine QD24.2
Insulin Glulisine TID26.1

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Percentage of Participants Who Reached the Target of HbA1c <7%, Had no Weight Gain at Week 26, and Did Not Experience Documented (Plasma Glucose <60 mg/dL) Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During 26-Week Treatment Period

The on-treatment period for HbA1c assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug. The on-treatment period for body weight assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug. The on-treatment period for symptomatic hypoglycemia assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug. Participants without post-baseline on-treatment values (HbA1c and body weight) that were no more than 30 days apart were counted as non-responders if at least one of the components (HbA1c and/or body weight) was available and showed non-response, or if they experienced at least one documented symptomatic hypoglycemia during the on-treatment period. Otherwise, they were counted as missing data. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lixisenatide22.2
Insulin Glulisine QD9.2
Insulin Glulisine TID10.8

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Percentage of Participants With no Weight Gain at Week 26

The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lixisenatide64.7
Insulin Glulisine QD36.6
Insulin Glulisine TID30.5

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Total Insulin Dose at Week 26

"The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. Missing data was imputed using LOCF.~The outcome is reporting results of total insulin (amounts of Insulin Glargine plus Insulin Glulisine ) only for the arms in which Insulin Glulisine was administered and is not applicable for the lixisenatide arm in which only Insulin Glargine is administered. Change in dose of the insulin used by patients in the Lixisenatide arm (i.e. Insulin Glargine) is reported in the secondary Outcome Measure 9." (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionU (Mean)
Insulin Glulisine QD73.61
Insulin Glulisine TID81.05

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Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic and Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L). Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was symptomatic hypoglycemia event in which the participant required the assistance of another person and was associated with either a plasma glucose level below 36 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration (maximum of 185 days)

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemiaSevere symptomatic hypoglycemia
Insulin Glulisine QD37.50.7
Insulin Glulisine TID44.60
Lixisenatide31.50

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Level <7% and ≤6.5% at Week 26

The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c ≤6.5%HbA1c <7.0%
Insulin Glulisine QD17.838.4
Insulin Glulisine TID30.849.2
Lixisenatide20.542.1

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26

Change in HbA1C was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using last on-treatment observation carried forward (LOCF). On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug. Here, number of participants analyzed = participants with baseline and at least one post-baseline HbA1c assessment during on-treatment period. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Lixisenatide-0.63
Insulin Glulisine QD-0.58
Insulin Glulisine TID-0.84

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Percentage of Participants Who Reached the Target of HbA1c <7% and Had no Weight Gain at Week 26

The on-treatment period for HbA1c assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug. The on-treatment period for body weight assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lixisenatide31.2
Insulin Glulisine QD16.7
Insulin Glulisine TID17.6

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Amount of Glucose Required to Reach Blood Glucose (BG) of 72 mg/dL

The amount of infused glucose required to reach BG of 72 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) is presented. (NCT01769404)
Timeframe: 30, 15, and 0 minutes Preclamp; 10, 20, and 30 minutes Post-Clamp

Interventionmilligrams (mg) (Geometric Mean)
LY260554111600
Insulin Glargine12700

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Concentration of Cortisol

Cortisol levels are presented. Each participant's measurements at 30, 15, and 0 minutes preclamp on the day of the clamp were averaged for the baseline value, and measurements at BG level attainment and +30 minutes were averaged for the BG nadir value. (NCT01769404)
Timeframe: 30, 15, and 0 minutes Preclamp; 10, 20, and 30 minutes Post-Clamp

,
Interventionnanomole per liter (nmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineBG nadir
Insulin Glargine260.0333.8
LY2605541206.7337.3

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Concentration of Epinephrine

Epinephrine levels are presented. Each participant's measurements at 30, 15, and 0 minutes preclamp on the day of the clamp were averaged for the baseline value, and measurements at blood glucose (BG) level attainment and +10, 20, and 30 minutes were averaged for the BG nadir value. (NCT01769404)
Timeframe: 30, 15, and 0 minutes Preclamp; 10, 20, and 30 minutes Post-Clamp

,
Interventionpicomole per liter (pmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineBG nadir
Insulin Glargine196.5525.2
LY2605541157.2607.5

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Concentration of Glucagon

Glucagon levels are presented. Each participant's measurements at 30, 15, and 0 minutes preclamp on the day of the clamp were averaged for the baseline value, and measurements at BG level attainment and +30 minutes were averaged for the BG nadir value. (NCT01769404)
Timeframe: 30, 15, and 0 minutes Preclamp; 10, 20, and 30 minutes Post-Clamp

,
Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
BaselineBG nadir
Insulin Glargine5.284.98
LY26055418.025.89

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Amount of Glucose Required to Maintain BG of 72 mg/dL

The amount of infused glucose required to maintain BG of 72 mg/dL for 1 hour is presented. (NCT01769404)
Timeframe: 30, 15, and 0 minutes Preclamp; 10, 20, and 30 minutes Post-Clamp

Interventionmg (Geometric Mean)
LY260554115400
Insulin Glargine15900

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Concentration of Growth Hormone

Growth hormone levels are presented. Each participant's measurements at 30, 15, and 0 minutes preclamp on the day of the clamp were averaged for the baseline value, and measurements at BG level attainment and +30 minutes were averaged for the BG nadir value. (NCT01769404)
Timeframe: 30, 15, and 0 minutes Preclamp; 10, 20, and 30 minutes Post-Clamp

,
Interventionmicrograms per liter (µg/L) (Mean)
BaselineBG nadir
Insulin Glargine1.39488.0114
LY26055411.08166.8752

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Concentration of Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine values are presented. Each participant's measurements at 30, 15, and 0 minutes preclamp on the day of the clamp were averaged for the baseline value, and measurements at BG level attainment and +10, 20, and 30 minutes were averaged for the BG nadir value. (NCT01769404)
Timeframe: 30, 15, and 0 minutes Preclamp; 10, 20, and 30 minutes Post-Clamp

,
Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
BaselineBG nadir
Insulin Glargine1139.81434.8
LY26055411004.21235.8

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VLDL-TG Secretion Rate

VLDL-TG secretion rates are calculated at steady state during dosing with insulin peglispro and insulin glargine. (NCT01771250)
Timeframe: Day 22: 240 min to 420 min

Interventionμmol/min (Geometric Mean)
Insulin Peglispro38.79
Insulin Glargine25.61

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Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Triglyceride (VLDL-TG) Concentrations

VLDL-TG average total concentration calculated at steady state from 240 to 420 minutes during dosing with insulin peglispro and insulin glargine. (NCT01771250)
Timeframe: Day 22: 240 minutes (min) to 420 min

Interventionmicromole per Liter (μmol/L) (Geometric Mean)
Insulin Peglispro0.27
Insulin Glargine0.17

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VLDL-TG Clearance Rate

VLDL-TG clearance rates are calculated at steady state during dosing with insulin peglispro and insulin glargine. (NCT01771250)
Timeframe: Day 22: 240 min to 420 min

Interventionmilliliters per minute (mL/min) (Geometric Mean)
Insulin Peglispro142.16
Insulin Glargine155.11

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VLDL-TG Oxidation Rate

VLDL-TG oxidation rates are calculated at steady state during dosing with insulin peglispro and insulin glargine. (NCT01771250)
Timeframe: Day 22: 240 min to 420 min

Interventionμmol/min (Geometric Mean)
Insulin Peglispro20.13
Insulin Glargine15.34

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ACPRg

First phase response from the hyperglycemic clamp (NCT01779362)
Timeframe: 3-months after a medication washout

Interventionnmol/L (Geometric Mean)
Metformin Alone1.68
Glargine Followed by Metformin1.68
Placebo1.68
Liraglutide + Metformin1.68

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Insulin Sensitivity, M/I

Clamp measure of insulin sensitivity (NCT01779362)
Timeframe: 3-months after a medication washout

Interventionx 10-5 mmol/kg/min per pmol/L (Geometric Mean)
Metformin Alone3.53
Glargine Followed by Metformin3.38
Placebo3.63
Liraglutide + Metformin3.49

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ß-cell Function Measured by Hyperglycemic Clamp Techniques at M12

Participants had 12-months of active therapy. Secondary results at the end of active intervention. (NCT01779362)
Timeframe: Secondary analysis was on all participants with a Month 12 visit.

,,,
Interventionnmol/L (Geometric Mean)
ACRPgSteady State C-peptideACRPmax
Glargine Followed by Metformin1.8811.614.1
Liraglutide + Metformin2.6821.210.1
Metformin Alone1.9311.713.4
Placebo1.6910.813.6

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ß-cell Response Measured by Hyperglycemic Clamp

Clamp measures of ß-cell response, co-primary outcomes (NCT01779362)
Timeframe: 3-months after medication washout (Month 15)

,,,
Interventionnmol/L (Geometric Mean)
Steady State C-peptideACPRmax
Glargine Followed by Metformin3.584.32
Liraglutide + Metformin3.734.58
Metformin Alone3.654.61
Placebo3.604.45

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Clamp Measure of Insulin Sensitivity

Participants had 12-months of active therapy. Secondary results at the end of active intervention. (NCT01779375)
Timeframe: End of active intervention (Month 12)

Interventionx 10-5 mmol/kg/min per pmol/L (Mean)
Metformin Alone1.52
Glargine Followed by Metformin1.93

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M/I

Clamp measure of insulin sensitivity (NCT01779375)
Timeframe: 3-months after a medication washout

Interventionx 10-5 mmol/kg/min per pmol/L (Mean)
Metformin Alone1.48
Glargine Followed by Metformin1.70

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ß-cell Function Measured by Hyperglycemic Clamp Techniques at M12

Participants had 12-months of active therapy. Secondary results at the end of active intervention. (NCT01779375)
Timeframe: End of active intervention (Month 12).

,
Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
Steady State C-peptideACPRmaxACPRg
Glargine Followed by Metformin4.375.791.03
Metformin Alone4.786.951.06

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ß-cell Response Measured by Hyperglycemic Clamp

Clamp measures of ß-cell response, co-primary outcomes (NCT01779375)
Timeframe: 3-months after medication washout (Month 15)

,
Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
Steady State C-peptideACPRmax
Glargine Followed by Metformin4.185.95
Metformin Alone4.826.92

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ACPRg

First phase response (NCT01779375)
Timeframe: 3-months after a medication washout

Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
Metformin Alone1.11
Glargine Followed by Metformin1.12

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Part B: Pharmacokinetics: AUCτ of LY2605541 and Insulin Glargine: Exercise Versus Non-Exercise

Venous blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected in Part B. Results were stratified by whether or not the participant was undergoing an exercise challenge (+ Exercise) at the time of sample collection. (NCT01784211)
Timeframe: Part B: Predose, 11 hours postdose, every 30 minutes from 16.5 to 20 hours postdose, and 24 hours postdose on Day 16 or 19

Interventionpicomoles*hour per liter (pmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
LY2605541 + Exercise (Part B)147000
LY2605541 (Part B)130000
Glargine + Exercise (Part B)2950
Glargine (Part B)2650

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Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Drug Concentration (Cmax) of LY2605541 and Insulin Glargine: Intra-Participant Variability

Venous blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected during the euglycemic glucose clamps during Part A. The intra-participant percentage of coefficient of variation (%CV) is presented. %CV was calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean, multiplied by 100. (NCT01784211)
Timeframe: Part A: Predose and 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postdose on Days 8, 11, and 14

Intervention%CV (Number)
LY2605541 (Part A)12.6
Glargine (Part A)27.7

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Part A: Pharmacodynamics: Total Amount of Glucose Infused Over the Duration of the Clamp (Gtot): Intra-Participant Variability

Glucodynamic measurements were collected during the euglycemic glucose clamps during Part A. The intra-participant percentage of coefficient of variation (%CV) is presented. %CV was calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean, multiplied by 100. (NCT01784211)
Timeframe: Part A: Predose up to 24 hours postdose on Days 8, 11, and 14

Intervention%CV (Number)
LY2605541 (Part A)41.4
Glargine (Part A)63.9

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Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve Over the Dosing Interval (AUCτ) of LY2605541 and Insulin Glargine: Intra-Participant Variability

Venous blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected during the euglycemic glucose clamps during Part A. The intra-participant percentage of coefficient of variation (%CV) is presented. %CV was calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean, multiplied by 100. (NCT01784211)
Timeframe: Part A: Predose and 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postdose on Days 8, 11, and 14

Intervention%CV (Number)
LY2605541 (Part A)11.3
Glargine (Part A)19.2

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Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Cmax of LY2605541 and Insulin Glargine: Exercise Versus Non-Exercise

Venous blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected in Part B. Results were stratified by whether or not the participant was undergoing an exercise challenge (+ Exercise) at the time of sample collection. (NCT01784211)
Timeframe: Part B: Predose, 11 hours postdose, every 30 minutes from 16.5 to 20 hours postdose, and 24 hours postdose on Day 16 or 19

Interventionpicomoles per liter (pmol/L) (Geometric Mean)
LY2605541 + Exercise (Part B)11100
LY2605541 - No Exercise (Part B)6760
Glargine + Exercise (Part B)166
Glargine - No Exercise (Part B)153

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Number of Participants Experiencing a Hyperglycemic Event

The number of participants that experienced hyperglycemia, defined as blood glucose levels ≥ 140 mg/dl. (NCT01792830)
Timeframe: 3 months after discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control, Non-diabetic, no Treatment0
Non-diabetic, Metformin0
Non-diabetic, Insulin2
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Metformin0
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine1
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Insulin Glargine1
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%- 9%, Metformin3
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%-9%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine1
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%-9%, Insulin Glargine3
Diabetic, HbA1C >9%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine3
Diabetic, HbA1C >9%, Insulin Glulisine2

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Efficacy, Measured by a Change in HbA1c Levels

Change in the level of HbA1c in a one month period after discharge from the hospital. The A1c test result is reported as a percentage. Higher percentages indicate higher blood glucose levels in the previous three months. A normal HbA1c level is below 5.7 percent. (NCT01792830)
Timeframe: One month after hospital discharge

Interventionpercent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Control, Non-diabetic, no Treatment5.09
Non-diabetic, Metformin5.2
Non-diabetic, Insulin5.5
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Metformin5.8
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Insulin Glargine6.9
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%- 9%, Metformin6.1
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%-9%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine6.3
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%-9%, Insulin Glargine6.6
Diabetic, HbA1C >9%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine8.6
Diabetic, HbA1C >9%, Insulin Glulisine6.9

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The Number of Participants Experiencing a Severe Hypoglycemic Event

The number of participants that experienced severe hypoglycemia, defined as blood glucose levels ≤ 40 mg/dl. (NCT01792830)
Timeframe: 3 months after discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control, Non-diabetic, no Treatment0
Non-diabetic, Metformin0
Non-diabetic, Insulin0
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Metformin0
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%- 9%, Metformin0
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%-9%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%-9%, Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C >9%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C >9%, Insulin Glulisine0

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The Number of Participants Experiencing a Hypoglycemic Event

The number of participants that experienced hypoglycemia, defined as blood glucose levels ≤70 mg/dl. (NCT01792830)
Timeframe: 3 months after discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control, Non-diabetic, no Treatment1
Non-diabetic, Metformin0
Non-diabetic, Insulin1
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Metformin0
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%- 9%, Metformin0
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%-9%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine1
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%-9%, Insulin Glargine2
Diabetic, HbA1C >9%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C >9%, Insulin Glulisine1

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Number of Participants Readmitted to the Hospital

The number of participants that were readmitted to the hospital 3 months after initial hospital discharge (NCT01792830)
Timeframe: 3 months after discharge

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Control, Non-diabetic, no Treatment11
Non-diabetic, Metformin0
Non-diabetic, Insulin0
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Metformin1
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C <7%, Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%- 9%, Metformin1
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%-9%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C 7%-9%, Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C >9%, Metformin and Insulin Glargine0
Diabetic, HbA1C >9%, Insulin Glulisine0

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Daily Insulin Dose/Kg Body Weight

Total daily dose of insulin required based on weight and glucocorticoid dosage to achieve average daily finger stick glucose (FSG) levels of 90-140 mg/dL (NCT01810952)
Timeframe: 1-5 days

,
Interventionunits of insulin/Kg body weight (Mean)
Day 1 (n=20, 17)Day 2 (n=20, 17)Day 3 (n=20, 17)Day 4 (n=14, 12)Day 5 (n=10, 7)
Glargine/Lispro Insulin Arm0.890.910.961.011.12
Glargine/Lispro/NPH Insulin Arm0.800.820.770.750.65

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Average Daily Glucose Levels on Days 1-5 After the Initiation of the Treatment Protocol.

"Most patients had 4 and all patients had at least 2 readings each day. Average daily glucose values were determined for each participant, then averaged for each Arm." (NCT01810952)
Timeframe: 1-5 days

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Day 1 (n=20, 17)Day 2 (n=20, 17)Day 3 (n=20, 17)Day 4 (n=14, 12)Day 5 (n=10, 7)
Glargine/Lispro Insulin Arm181.8160.5155.1159.5151.7
Glargine/Lispro/NPH Insulin Arm173.7148.4140.8133.4132.0

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Percent of Participants With Average Glucose >70 and <180 mg/dL

Percent of Participants with Average Daily Glucose >70 and <180 mg/dL (NCT01810952)
Timeframe: Last Full Day of Protocol for Participant (up to Day 5)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Glargine/Lispro Insulin Arm90
Glargine/Lispro/NPH Insulin Arm94

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Percent of Glucose Determinations >180 mg/dL

(NCT01810952)
Timeframe: 1-5 days

InterventionPercent of glucose values (Number)
Glargine/Lispro Insulin Arm31.0
Glargine/Lispro/NPH Insulin Arm24.6

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Glucose Values <70 mg/dL.

# participants with glucose values <70 mg/dL (NCT01810952)
Timeframe: 1-5 days

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
# with glucose values <70 mg/dL# with glucose values <60 mg/dL# with glucose <50
Glargine/Lispro Insulin Arm541
Glargine/Lispro/NPH Insulin Arm420

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Number of Treatment Emergent Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

A hypoglycaemic episode was defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode was on or after the first day of exposure to randomized treatment and no later than 1 day after the last day of randomized treatment. A severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed hypoglycaemic episode was an episode that was severe according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) classification (an episode that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions) or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with or without symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT01819129)
Timeframe: From Week 0 to Week 26.

InterventionNumber of episodes (Number)
Faster Aspart2857
NovoRapid2692

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Change From Baseline in 2-hour PPG Increment (Meal Test)

For this endpoint baseline (week 0) and week 26 have been presented, where week 26 data is end of trial containing last available measurement. (NCT01819129)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Baseline (week 0)Week 26
Faster Aspart7.574.55
NovoRapid7.344.9

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

For this endpoint baseline (week 0) and week 26 have been presented, where week 26 data is end of trial containing last available measurement. (NCT01819129)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26

,
InterventionKg (Mean)
Baseline (week 0)Week 26
Faster Aspart89.091.6
NovoRapid88.390.8

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c

The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of randomized treatment. For this endpoint baseline (week 0) and week 26 have been presented, where week 26 data is end of trial containing last available measurement. (NCT01819129)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

,
InterventionPercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
Baseline (week 0)Week 26
Faster Aspart7.966.63
NovoRapid7.896.59

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Change in HbA1C

The mean HbA1C measured at 3 months and 6 months post hospitalization. HbA1C is an indicator of diabetes control; below 6.0% is normal, 6.0% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes, and 6.5% or over indicates diabetes. (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Post Hospital Discharge Month 3, Month 6

,,
Interventionpercent (Mean)
BaselineMonth 3Month 6
Metformin and Sitagliptin6.36.36.2
Metformin and Sitagliptin + Glargine 50%8.07.37.3
Metformin and Sitagliptin + Glargine 80%11.38.08.0

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Total Daily Insulin Dose

Daily insulin requirement (units per day). (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 10 Days)

Interventionunits per day (Mean)
Sitagliptin + Glargine (Hospital)24.1
Basal Bolus (Hospital)34.0

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Mean Percentage of Blood Glucose Readings Greater Than 13.3 mmol/L

Differences in glycemic control as measured by mean daily blood glucose (BG) concentration between sitagliptin once daily and basal bolus therapy with glargine once daily plus supplemental lispro insulin in hospitalized patients with T2D. (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 10 Days)

Interventionpercentage of blood glucose readings (Mean)
Sitagliptin + Glargine (Hospital)14.8
Basal Bolus (Hospital)16.7

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Mean Percentage of Blood Glucose Readings Between 5.6 - 7.8 mmol/L

Differences in glycemic control as measured by mean daily blood glucose (BG) concentration between sitagliptin once daily and basal bolus therapy with glargine once daily plus supplemental lispro insulin in hospitalized patients with T2D. (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 10 Days)

Interventionpercentage of blood glucose readings (Mean)
Sitagliptin + Glargine (Hospital)23.3
Basal Bolus (Hospital)23.5

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Mean Percentage of Blood Glucose Readings Between 3.9 - 7.8 mmol/L

Differences in glycemic control as measured by mean daily blood glucose (BG) concentration between sitagliptin once daily and basal bolus therapy with glargine once daily plus supplemental lispro insulin in hospitalized patients with T2D. (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 10 Days)

Interventionpercentage of blood glucose readings (Mean)
Sitagliptin + Glargine (Hospital)30.7
Basal Bolus (Hospital)29.7

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Length of Hospital Stay

Length of hospital stay in days. (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 10 Days)

Interventiondays (Median)
Sitagliptin + Glargine (Hospital)4.0
Basal Bolus (Hospital)4.0

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Acute Renal Failure Rate

Acute renal failure is defined as a clinical diagnosis of acute renal failure with documented new-onset abnormal renal function (increment > 0.5 mg/dL from baseline). (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 10 Days)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Sitagliptin + Glargine (Hospital)7
Basal Bolus (Hospital)6

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Mean Blood Glucose Concentration After First Day of Treatment

The average blood glucose (BG) concentration after the first day of treatment (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 10 Days)

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Sitagliptin + Glargine (Hospital)9.5
Basal Bolus (Hospital)9.4

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Hospital Mortality Rate

Mortality is defined as death occurring during admission. (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 10 Days)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Sitagliptin + Glargine (Hospital)0
Basal Bolus (Hospital)0

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Number of Participants With a Hypoglycemic Event

The number of participants who had a hypoglycemic event during hospitalization. (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 10 Days)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Blood Glucose <3.9 mmol/LBlood Glucose <2.2 mmol/L
Basal Bolus (Hospital)170
Sitagliptin + Glargine (Hospital)130

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Mean Percentage of Blood Glucose Readings Between 3.9 - 10.0 mmol/L

Differences in glycemic control as measured by mean daily blood glucose (BG) concentration between sitagliptin once daily and basal bolus therapy with glargine once daily plus supplemental lispro insulin in hospitalized patients with T2D. (NCT01845831)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 10 Days)

Interventionpercentage of blood glucose readings (Mean)
Sitagliptin + Glargine (Hospital)57.0
Basal Bolus (Hospital)59.6

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Within-subject Variability as Measured by Coefficient of Variation (CV%) in Pre-breakfast SMPG (Self-measured Plasma Glucose)

Within subject Coefficient of variation(CV[%]) in pre-breakfast self measured plasma glucose for dose adjustment after 26 treatment weeks are displayed below. (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage (Mean)
IDeg OD10.65
IGlar OD10.01

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Change From Baseline in FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose) (Analysed by Central Laboratory)

Change from baseline in FPG after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDeg OD-3.35
IGlar OD-3.14

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c (%) (Analysed by Central Laboratory)

Change from baseline in HbA1c (%) after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDeg OD-1.3
IGlar OD-1.2

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Number of Severe and Minor Treatment Emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of episodes of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes with a confirmed PG value of less than 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL).Minor hypoglycaemic episode is defined as an episode with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia with confirmation by full blood glucose < 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL), or PG < 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) and which is handled by the subject himself/herself or any asymptomatic full blood glucose value < 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) or PG value < 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL). (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: On or after the first day of exposure to randomised trial drug (week 0) and no later than 7 days after last exposure to randomised trial drug (week 27)

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDeg OD85
IGlar OD97

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Number of Treatment Emergent AEs (Adverse Events)

Treatment emergent events (after first trial product administration and no later than 7 days after last trial product administration) (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: On or after the first day of exposure to randomised trial drug (week 0) and no later than seven days after last exposure to randomised trial drug (week 27)

Interventionnumber of events (Number)
IDeg OD612
IGlar OD387

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Responder for HbA1c (Below 7.0%) at End of Trial Without Severe and Minor Hypoglycaemic Episodes

A responder for HbA1c without severe or confirmed hypoglycaemia is defined as a subject, who meets the HbA1c target at end of trial without treatment emergent severe or confirmed hypoglycaemia during the last 12 weeks of treatment or within 7 days from last treatment. (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IDeg OD252
IGlar OD114

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Percentage of Participants With Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events (HE)

Percentage of participants with hypoglycemic events (total or nocturnal) to Week 26 based on BG Threshold 70mg/dL. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Nocturnal Hypoglycemia BG 70mg/dLTotal Hypoglycemia BG 70mg/dL
Insulin Glargine29.676.5
Insulin Peglispro26.677.1

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Change From Baseline of European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions - 3 Levels (EuroQoL-5D-3L ) Index Score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Health State Score at Week 26

The EuroQoL-5D-3L questionnaire is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. The profile allows participants to rate their health state in 5 health domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression using a 3-level scale of 1 to 3 (no problem, some problems, and extreme problems). These combinations of attributes are converted into a weighted health-state Index Score according to the United States population-based algorithm. Scores ranged from -0.11 to 1.0 where a score of 1.0 indicates perfect health. Overall health state score was self-reported using a VAS marked on a scale of 0 to 100 (0 indicates worst imaginable health state and 100 indicates best imaginable health state. LS means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for actual measures and changes from baseline at endpoint using LOCF method: adjusting for treatment, stratification factors (region, HbA1c and SU/meglitin. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change from Baseline to Endpoint EQ-5D-3L ScoreChange from Baseline VAS Health State Score
Insulin Glargine0.003.66
Insulin Peglispro0.012.29

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Concentration of Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) at Week 26

LS means were calculated using MMRM analysis adjusting for baseline, treatment, stratification factor (region, HbA1c, LDL-C, and SU/meglitinide use), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Cholesterol Wk26HDL Wk26Triglycerides Wk26LDL Wk26
Insulin Glargine177.9052.99122.83101.07
Insulin Peglispro175.7651.64132.4397.95

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Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)

LS Means were calculated using MMRM analysis adjusting for baseline, treatment, stratification factor (region, HbA1c, LDL-C, and SU/meglitinide use), visit and treatment-by-visit interaction. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 26

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Week 0Week 26
Insulin Glargine161.19108.22
Insulin Peglispro159.53108.39

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Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)

LS means were calculated using MMRM analysis adjusting for baseline, treatment, stratification factor (region, HbA1c, LDL-C, and sulfonylurea [SU]/meglitinide use), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 26

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Week 0Week 26
Insulin Glargine166.61110.32
Insulin Peglispro164.31103.85

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Change From Baseline to 12 Weeks in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a test that measures a participant's average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months.LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline HbA1C measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionpercent of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro-1.43
Insulin Glargine-1.22

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Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks in Adult Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) Scores

LBSS is a validated, participant-reported 33-item questionnaire with items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, where 0 = never and 5 - always. The LBSS measures behaviors to avoid hypoglycemia and its negative consequences (15 items) and worries about hypoglycemia and its negative consequences (18 items). Total score is the sum of all items (range 0 to 132). Higher total scores reflect greater fear of hypoglycemia. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country, treatment and metformin use as fixed effects and baseline score as a covariate. LBSS was assessed during screening visit (baseline) and again at Week 26. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro1.51
Insulin Glargine1.62

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Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Body Weight

LS Means were calculated using MMRM analysis adjusting for baseline, treatment, stratification factor (region, HbA1c, LDL-C, and SU/meglitinide use), visit and treatment-by-visit interaction. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

InterventionKilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro1.06
Insulin Glargine1.57

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Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a test that measures a participant's average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using a mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis adjusting for treatment, stratification factors (region, sulfonylureas/meglitinide use, baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein [LDL-C], visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and baseline HbA1c as fixed effects and participants as the random effect. P-value is from MMRM with terms for treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, stratification, and baseline HbA1C. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercent of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro-1.61
Insulin Glargine-1.36

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Percent Hemoglobin A1c at Week 26

HbA1c is a test that measures a participant's average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months. LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline HbA1C measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercent of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro6.92
Insulin Glargine7.17

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Intra-Participant Variability of the Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)

Intra-participant variability of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), which was measured by Self Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG), was assessed by the standard deviation of the FBG measurement at the Week 26 visit. LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline fasting blood glucose measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro14.97
Insulin Glargine15.12

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Percentage of Participants With Detectable Anti-Insulin Peglispro Antibodies at Week 26

For participants with detectable anti-insulin peglispro antibody level, the percentage of participants with positive cross-react with endogenous insulin was summarized. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Peglispro24.6
Insulin Glargine32.5

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c ≤6.5%

Percentage of participants with HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 26 were made using a logistic regression model for endpoint used last observation carried forward (LOCF) method including treatment, baseline HbA1c value. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Peglispro29.8
Insulin Glargine22.7

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Insulin Dose Per Kilogram (kg) of Body Weight

LS means were calculated using MMRM analysis adjusting for baseline, treatment, stratification factor (region, HbA1c, LDL-C, and SU/meglitinide), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionunits per kg (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro0.26
Insulin Glargine0.26

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30-Day Adjusted Rate of Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events

Hypoglycemia Events (HE) occurs when blood glucose level ≤ 70 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL) (<3.9 micromoles per liter [mmol/L]). Nocturnal HE includes any total HE that occurred between bedtime and waking. Group mean rates of nocturnal hypoglycemia (per 30 days) are presented and were calculated from negative binomial regression models with treatment, baseline sulfonylurea/meglitinide use, baseline total hypoglycemia event rate, log (exposure/30 days) as the offset in the model. Group Mean is estimated by taking the inverse link function on individual participant covariates first and then averages over all participants. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

,
InterventionNumber of events per participant per 30d (Mean)
Total HENocturnal HE
Insulin Glargine1.210.27
Insulin Peglispro1.280.19

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9-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG)

LS means were calculated using MMRM analysis adjusting for baseline, treatment, stratification factor (region, HbA1c, LDL-C, and SU/meglitinide use), visit and treatment-by-visit interaction. The 9-point SMBG are measured at: Pre-morning meal, 2 hours(hr) post morning meal, pre-midday meal, 2 hr post midday meal, pre-evening meal, 2 hr post pre-evening meal, bedtime, 0300 hr, and pre-morning meal next day, and should be performed on 2 non-consecutive days. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 26

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Morning Pre-meal Wk0Morning Pre-meal Wk26Morning Post-meal Wk0Morning Post-meal Wk26Mid-day Pre-meal Wk0Mid-day Pre-meal Wk26Mid-day Post-meal Wk0Mid-day Post-meal Wk26Evening Pre-meal Wk0Evening Pre-meal Wk26Evening Post-meal Wk0Evening Post-meal Wk26Bed Time Wk0Bed Time Wk260300 Hours (Hrs) Wk00300 Hrs Wk26Pre-morning Meal Next Day Wk0Pre-morning Meal Next Day Wk26
Insulin Glargine162.83108.71233.37176.93166.68122.85226.11183.88172.83135.55219.54182.80197.68161.44162.13114.77159.96105.18
Insulin Peglispro160.19108.24237.19176.97169.24122.01224.22182.32176.49131.65219.45176.23198.64153.41158.82115.18156.28108.42

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Steady-State of Basal Insulin Dose at 26 Weeks (Time to Steady State for Basal Insulin [Stable Maximum Dose])

(NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Peglispro96.9
Insulin Glargine97.2

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Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Score

The Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire is a validated instrument containing 22 items that assessed treatment satisfaction for participants with diabetes on insulin. The questionnaire measures satisfaction from the following 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen, Lifestyle Flexibility, Glycemic Control, Hypoglycemic Control, and Insulin Delivery Device. Data presented are the transformed score on a scale of 0-100, where a higher score indicate better treatment satisfaction. LS means was achieved using a MMRM model for post-baseline measures with stratification factors (country, HbA1c, and SU/meglitinide use) treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit as fixed effects. ITSQ was assessed at Week 4 (baseline) and Week 26. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Week 4 and 26

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
ITSQ Wk4ITSQ Wk26
Insulin Glargine75.9478.29
Insulin Peglispro74.1378.73

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline

Change in body weight from baseline after 6 months of follow up (26 weeks) (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: After discharge, average 6 months

,
InterventionKgs (Mean)
Baseline weight at dischargeWeight at six monthsWeight change from baseline (discharge) to 6 months after discharge
Glargine + OADs98.298.30.6
Liraglutide + OADs101.097.2-4.77

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HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia

Percent of patients with 26 week HbA1c <7.0% and no hypoglycemia (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: After discharge, average 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Liraglutide + OADs34
Glargine + OADs29

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Hypoglycemic Episodes

Number of participants who had at least one hypoglycemic event (<70 mg/dl) and severe hypoglycemic event (<40 mg/dl) (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: After discharge, average 6 months

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Participants who had at least one hypoglycemic events (<70 mg/dl)Participants who had at least one severe hypoglycemic event (<40 mg/dl)
Glargine + OADs313
Liraglutide + OADs182

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Glycemic Control at Hospital Discharge and 6 Months Follow up

To determine differences in HbA1c concentration at 26 weeks from discharge between liraglutide and glargine insulin therapy (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: Hospital discharge, 6 months (26 weeks)

,
Intervention% (mmol/mol) (Mean)
HbA1C at hospital dischargeHbA1C at 6 months post-intervention
Glargine + OADs8.47.68
Liraglutide + OADs8.37.13

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Fasting and Postprandial Blood Glucose (BG) Concentration After Follow up of 26 Weeks

To determine differences in BG concentration between liraglutide and glargine insulin therapy (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: After discharge, average at 3 months (12 week) and 6 months (26 weeks)

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Fasting blood glucose at 26 weeks follow upPost-prandial blood glucose at 12 weeksPostprandial blood glucose at 26 weeks follow upFasting blood glucose at 12 weeks
Glargine + OADs8.569.328.727.70
Liraglutide + OADs7.617.678.237.96

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Emergency Room Visits and Readmissions

Number of participants who had at least one emergency room visit and hospital readmissions (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: After discharge, average 6 months

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Number of participants with at least one ER visitNumber of participants with at least one hospital readmission
Glargine + OADs2343
Liraglutide + OADs3135

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Change in Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Blood Pressure

Cardiovascular risk factors including changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline to 26 weeks post-intervention (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks post-intervention

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Systolic blood pressure at baselineSystolic blood pressure at 26 weeks follow upDiastolic blood pressure at baselineDiastolic blood pressure at 26 weeks follow up
Glargine + OADs1301357779
Liraglutide + OADs1341367980

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Change in BMI

Change in BMI after 6 months from baseline (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: Baseline, and follow up after discharge (average 6 months)

,
Interventionkg/m2 (Mean)
Baseline BMIBMI at 26 weeks follow up
Glargine + OADs33.333.3
Liraglutide + OADs33.532.7

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Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Heart Rate

Cardiovascular risk: heart rate at baseline and 26 weeks post-intervention (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: 26 weeks post-intervention

,
Interventionbeats/min (Mean)
Heart rate at baseline (discharge)Heart rate at 6 months post-discharge
Glargine + OADs7979
Liraglutide + OADs7983

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Total Daily Dose of Insulin

Evaluate the total daily dose of insulin needed in the group receiving glargine (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: After discharge, average 6 months

InterventionIU per day (Mean)
Liraglutide + OADs0
Glargine + OADs20.9

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Self-measured Blood Glucose (SMBG) 7-point Profiles at 26 Weeks Follow up

Number of participants that reported self-measured blood glucose (SMBG) 7-point profiles at 26 weeks follow up (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: 26 weeks post-intervention

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Liraglutide + OADs34
Glargine + OADs34

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HbA1c <7.0% and no Weight Gain

Percent of patients with 26 week HbA1c <7.0% and no weight gain (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: After discharge, average 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Liraglutide + OADs32
Glargine + OADs21

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HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia

Percent of patients with 12 week HbA1c <7.0% and no hypoglycemia (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: After discharge, average 12 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Liraglutide + OADs40
Glargine + OADs31

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Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Lipid Profile

Lipid profile was measured with total cholesterol level results at 26 weeks post-intervention. This outcome was not part of standard of care. (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: 26 weeks post-intervention

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Liraglutide + OADs190
Glargine + OADs130

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Acute Renal Failure

Acute renal failure during the 26-week follow-up defined as a clinical diagnosis of acute renal failure with documented new-onset abnormal renal function (increment in creatinine > 0.5 mg/dL from baseline) (NCT01919489)
Timeframe: After discharge, average 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Liraglutide + OADs1
Glargine + OADs3

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Change in RQ, Pre-breakfast to Post-breakfast Meal, in T1DM

The respiratory quotient (or RQ or respiratory coefficient), is a number used in calculations of basal metabolic rate (BMR) when estimated from carbon dioxide production. It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body using whole room calorimetry. (NCT01925989)
Timeframe: Day 30 0830 to 0854 hours, Day 30 1000 to 1054 hours

Interventionratio (Mean)
Insulin Peglispro0.836
Insulin Glargine0.874

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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for T1DM

BMR is the metabolic rate determined at rest 12 to 14 hours after the last meal. (NCT01925989)
Timeframe: Day 30 post dose, overnight period (0000 to 0600 hours)

Interventionkcal/day (Mean)
Insulin Peglispro1511.0
Insulin Glargine1403.6

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Total Number of Minutes of Lipid Oxidation (RQ Below 7.6) in T1DM and Healthy Participants

The respiratory quotient (or RQ or respiratory coefficient), is a number used in calculations of basal metabolic rate (BMR) when estimated from carbon dioxide production. It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body using whole room calorimetry.It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body using whole data based on all 1-minutes interval measurements for the duration of the overnight period. (NCT01925989)
Timeframe: Day 5, every minute through 23 hour period

Interventionminutes (Median)
Insulin Peglispro22
Insulin Glargine/Insulin Peglispro8
Control4.5

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Sleep Respiratory Quotient (RQ) of Untreated Healthy Participants

The respiratory quotient (or RQ or respiratory coefficient), is a number used in calculations of basal metabolic rate (BMR) when estimated from carbon dioxide production. It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body using whole room calorimetry. The overnight period was averaged based on all 1-minutes interval measurements for the duration of the overnight period. (NCT01925989)
Timeframe: Day 5, overnight period (0000 to 0600 hours)

Interventionratio (Mean)
Control0.848

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Sleep Respiratory Quotient (RQ) in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

Lipid or glucose metabolism was assessed by the measurement of respiratory quotient (RQ) during sleep using whole room calorimetry. RQ is a calculation of basal metabolic rate (BMR) when estimated from carbon dioxide production. It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body using whole room calorimetry (WRC). (NCT01925989)
Timeframe: Day 30 post dose, overnight period (0000 to 0600 hours)

Interventionratio (Mean)
Insulin Peglispro0.822
Insulin Glargine0.846

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Lipid Oxidation in T1DM and Healthy Participants

Lipid oxidation is derived from RQ, basal metabolic rate and urinary nitrogen, a value of 0.7 indicates that lipids are being metabolized. (NCT01925989)
Timeframe: Day 30 post dose, overnight period (0000 to 0600 hours)

Interventiongrams per day (g/day) (Mean)
Insulin Peglispro0.892
Insulin Glargine0.900
Control0.906

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Number of Treatment Emergent Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as either: Severe (i.e., an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions) or an episode biochemically confirmed by a plasma glucose value of <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL), with or without symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT01952145)
Timeframe: During 26 weeks of treatment

InterventionNumber of episodes (Number)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira)289
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)683

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

Change from baseline in body weight after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01952145)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26

InterventionKg (Mean)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira)-1.4
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)1.8

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01952145)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26

InterventionPercentage (%) (Mean)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira)-1.81
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)-1.13

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Mean change in HbA1c from week 0 to month 24. (NCT01959529)
Timeframe: Randomisation to 24 months

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Mean)
Insulin Degludec-0.86
Insulin Glargine-0.84

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Occurrence of at Least One EAC Confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episode Within a Subject (Yes/no)

Occurrence of at least one EAC-confirmed severe hypoglycaemic episode within a subject from week 0 to the last assessment (up to 35.6 months). The episode of severe hypoglycaemia is an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. (NCT01959529)
Timeframe: From randomisation to individual end of trial date (maximum patient year observation: 2.75 years)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Insulin Degludec187
Insulin Glargine252

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Number of EAC-confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes from week 0 to the last assessment (up to 35.6 months). The episode of severe hypoglycaemia is an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. The trial was event driven and planned to last up to a maximum of 60.5 months. The actual trial duration (time from first subject first visit to last subject last visit) was 35.6 months. The maximum trial duration for a single subject was 33.1 months. (NCT01959529)
Timeframe: From randomisation to individual end of trial (maximum patient year observation: 2.75 years)

InterventionNumber of severe episodes (Number)
Insulin Degludec280
Insulin Glargine472

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Time From Randomisation to First Occurrence of a Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE): Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, or Non-fatal Stroke

Time from randomisation to first occurrence of an event adjudication committee (EAC)-confirmed 3-component major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE): cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. Events with EAC-confirmed onset date between randomisation and individual end of trial were included in the analyses. The number of subjects experiencing first EAC-confirmed MACEs, date between randomisation to the end of trial, both days included were presented. The trial was event driven and planned to last up to a maximum of 60.5 months. The actual trial duration (time from first subject first visit to last subject last visit) was 35.6 months. The maximum trial duration for a single subject was 33.1 months. (NCT01959529)
Timeframe: From randomisation to individual end of trial date (maximum patient year observation: 2.75 years)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
First EAC-confirmed MACEMyocardial infarction (non-fatal)Stroke (non-fatal)Cardiovascular death
Insulin Degludec32514368114
Insulin Glargine35616374119

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Subjects With Wound and Other Infections

Subjects with wound and other infections. (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: During Hospitalization and outpatient up to 12 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Linagliptin In-hospital7
Basal Bolus In-hospital3
Linagliptin on Discharge3
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c5
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c4

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Hospital Mortality

Hospital mortality (ONLY in-patient). Mortality is defined as death occurring during hospital stay. (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: During Hospitalization-average 5 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Linagliptin In-hospital0
Basal Bolus In-hospital0

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Length of Hospital Stay

Length of hospital stay (ONLY for inpatient arms 1 and 2) (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: During Hospitalization

InterventionDays (Median)
Linagliptin In-hospital4
Basal Bolus In-hospital3

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Hypoglycemia <70 mg/dl

Subjects with Hypoglycemia <70 mg/dl (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: Inpatient (average 5 days) and outpatient up to 12 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Linagliptin In-hospital2
Basal Bolus In-hospital14
Linagliptin on Discharge8
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c15
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c10

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Hypoglycemia < 40 mg/dl

Subjects with Hypoglycemia < 40 mg/dl (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: Inpatient and up to 12 weeks outpatient

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Linagliptin In-hospital1
Basal Bolus In-hospital0
Linagliptin on Discharge1
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c0
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c1

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Hyperglycemia

Subjects with BG > 300 mg/dl (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: Inpatient (average 5 days) and outpatient up to 12 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Linagliptin In-hospital22
Basal Bolus In-hospital18
Linagliptin on Discharge6
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c11
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c7

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Number of Participants Requiring ICU Care During Hospitalization

Need for intensive care unit (ICU) care (transfer to ICU) during hospitalization (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: During Hospitalization-average 5 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Linagliptin In-hospital1
Basal Bolus In-hospital0
Linagliptin on Discharge0
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c0
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c0

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Hospital Complications

Subjects with composite complication (ONLY for inpatient arms 1 and 2) (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: During Hospitalization-average 5 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Linagliptin In-hospital14
Basal Bolus In-hospital11

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Outpatient Mortality

Deaths among patients after hospital discharge. (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: 3 months after discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Linagliptin In-hospital0
Basal Bolus In-hospital0
Linagliptin on Discharge0
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c0
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c0

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HbA1c Level

HbA1c level at admission (for in-patient arms) and HbA1c level at 12-week follow-up outpatient visit (for discharge arms). (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: Admission to the hospital and 12-week follow-up outpatient visit

Intervention% DCCT (Mean)
Linagliptin In-hospital7.6
Basal Bolus In-hospital8.0
Linagliptin on Discharge6.6
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c7.0
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c8.6

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Fasting BG Concentration

Average - per hospital stay - fasting BG concentration (for in-hospital groups), and average - per outpatient follow-up period - fasting BG concentration (for discharge groups) (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: During Hospitalization (average 5 days) and outpatient up to 12 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Linagliptin In-hospital160
Basal Bolus In-hospital167
Linagliptin on Discharge125
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c133
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c141

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Emergency Room Visits

Number of ER visits ONLY for outpatient arms 3,4, and 5. (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: 3 months after discharge

InterventionVisits (Number)
Linagliptin on Discharge11
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c11
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c9

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Differences in Glycemic Control

Determine differences in glycemic control as measured by mean daily BG concentration between linagliptin alone and basal bolus therapy group. (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: Inpatient (average 5 days) and outpatient up to 12 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Linagliptin In-hospital171
Basal Bolus In-hospital159
Linagliptin on Discharge126
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c132
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c142

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Daily Dose of Insulin

Total daily dose of insulin (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: Inpatient (average 5 days) and outpatient up to 12 weeks

Interventionunits/kg/day (Mean)
Linagliptin In-hospital0.09
Basal Bolus In-hospital0.31
Linagliptin on Discharge0.23
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c0.18
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c0.24

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Subjects With Surgical Reinterventions

Subjects with surgical re-interventions. (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: Inpatient and up to 12 weeks outpatient

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Linagliptin In-hospital6
Basal Bolus In-hospital4
Linagliptin on Discharge5
Linagliptin+50%Glargine Dose on d/c3
Linagliptin+80%Glargine Dose on d/c3

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Acute Renal Failure During Hospitalization

Subjects with Acute renal failure (ONLY for inpatient arms 1 and 2) (NCT02004366)
Timeframe: During Hospitalization-average 5 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Linagliptin In-hospital6
Basal Bolus In-hospital4

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Number of Participants Admitted to the ICU

The goal was to determine if the amount of patients admitted to the ICU could be reduced by providing more efficient resolution of the critical condition which is the acidosis. (NCT02006342)
Timeframe: Participants followed for the duration of the Emergency Department stay, an expected average of 12 hours

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Insulin Glargine Plus Regular Insulin6
Control - Regular Insulin4

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Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay

Determine the amount of time patient is admitted to the intensive care unit with the goal of assessing if more efficient correction of the acidosis results in decreased time in the intensive care unit for the patients. (NCT02006342)
Timeframe: Participants monitored from hospital admission to discharge, an average of 4 days

Interventiondays (Median)
Insulin Glargine Plus Regular Insulin1.8
Control - Regular Insulin1.2

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Time to Anion Gap Closure

Anion Gap is a measure of acidosis that results from decompensated Diabetes Mellitus. Acidosis is the result of the body being unable to utilize glucose for energy production and instead uses fatty acid metabolism resulting in ketone formation. Anion Gap is a surrogate measure for the level of ketones resulting in the excess acid production. Results reported are adjusted for initial anion gap, etiology of diabetic ketoacidosis, and comorbidities. (NCT02006342)
Timeframe: Participants monitored from hospital admission to discharge, an average of 4 days

Interventionhours (Mean)
Insulin Glargine Plus Regular Insulin10.2
Control - Regular Insulin11.6

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Number of Participants Who Developed Hypoglycemia

"To determine whether it is safe to administer both IV and subcutaneous insulin, it is important to assure that patient's glucose does not drop to critically low level and lead to adverse events. Hypoglycemia was defined as less than or equal to 60mg/dL during 24 hours after anion gap closure.~Anion Gap is a measure of acidosis that results from decompensated Diabetes Mellitus. Acidosis is the result of the body being unable to utilize glucose for energy production and instead uses fatty acid metabolism resulting in ketone formation. Anion Gap is a surrogate measure for the level of ketones resulting in the excess acid production." (NCT02006342)
Timeframe: Participants monitored during the 24 hours after anion gap closure

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Insulin Glargine Plus Regular Insulin2
Control - Regular Insulin3

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Hospital Length of Stay

Hospital length of stay was determined to assess whether a more efficient correction of the acidosis will result in decreased time that the patient is admitted to the hospital. Results reported are adjusted for age, hospital site, and etiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. (NCT02006342)
Timeframe: Participants monitored from hospital admission to discharge, an average of 4 days

Interventiondays (Mean)
Insulin Glargine Plus Regular Insulin3.9
Control - Regular Insulin4.6

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Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycaemic Episode During the Maintenance Period

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe and/or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value of <56 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L), with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia and with time of onset between 00:01 and 05.59 a.m., both inclusive. Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode was defined as an event with onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than the last day of randomised treatment. (NCT02030600)
Timeframe: After 16 weeks of treatment, in each treatment period (Week 16-32 and Week 48-64)

Interventionevents (Number)
Insulin Degludec (IDeg)105
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)175

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Proportion of Subjects With One or More Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Maintenance Period

Percentage of subjects who experienced one or more severe hypoglycaemic episodes during the maintenance period. Severe hypoglycaemia (according to the American Diabetes Association 2013 definition): A hypoglycaemic episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. Plasma glucose values may not be available during an event, but neurological recovery following the return of plasma glucose to normal is considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by a low plasma glucose concentration. (NCT02030600)
Timeframe: After 16 weeks of treatment, in each treatment period (Week 16-32 and Week 48-64)

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Insulin Degludec (IDeg)1.6
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)2.4

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FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose)

Fasting plasma glucose values at week 32 and week 64. (NCT02030600)
Timeframe: week 32, week 64

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
week 32 (n=307, 311)week 64 (n=293, 302)
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Glargine (IDeg/IGlar)107.33114.07
Insulin Glargine/Insulin Degludec (IGlar/IDeg)106.96107.55

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)

Change from baseline in HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) at week 32 (treatment period 1) and at week 64 (treatment period 2). Week 32 HbA1c value was considered as baseline for calculating change from baseline in HbA1c at week 64. (NCT02030600)
Timeframe: Week 32, Week 64

,
Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
week 32 (n=308, 313)week 64 (n=295, 301)
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Glargine (IDeg/IGlar)-0.490.03
Insulin Glargine/Insulin Degludec (IGlar/IDeg)-0.580.10

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Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Maintenance Period

Severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe and/or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value of <56 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L), with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode was defined as an event with onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than the last day of randomised treatment. (NCT02030600)
Timeframe: After 16 weeks of treatment, in each treatment period (Week 16-32 and Week 48-64)

Interventionevents (Number)
Insulin Degludec (IDeg)353
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)496

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Incidence of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

Treatment emergent adverse event was defined as an event with onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than the last day of randomised treatment. (NCT02030600)
Timeframe: During 32 weeks of treatment for each treatment period

Interventionevents (Number)
Insulin Degludec (IDeg)1293
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)1381

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Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <6.5% (48 mmol/Mol) at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 104

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride7.2
Ertugliflozin 5 mg10.6
Ertugliflozin 15 mg12.2

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Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <6.5% (48 mmol/Mol) at Week 26 (Logistic Regression Using Multiple Imputation: Excluding Rescue Approach)

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride2.9
Ertugliflozin 5 mg8.7
Ertugliflozin 15 mg12.2

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Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <6.5% (48 mmol/Mol) at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride11.0
Ertugliflozin 5 mg10.6
Ertugliflozin 15 mg14.6

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Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <7% (53 mmol/Mol) at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 104

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride19.1
Ertugliflozin 5 mg24.6
Ertugliflozin 15 mg33.7

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Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <7% (53 mmol/Mol) at Week 26 (Logistic Regression Using Multiple Imputation: Excluding Rescue Approach)

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride15.8
Ertugliflozin 5 mg35.3
Ertugliflozin 15 mg40.0

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Percentage of Participants With an A1C of <7% (53 mmol/Mol) at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride30.6
Ertugliflozin 5 mg34.8
Ertugliflozin 15 mg36.6

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Time to Glycemic Rescue Therapy at Week 26

Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionDays (Median)
Placebo/Glimepiride105
Ertugliflozin 5 mg112
Ertugliflozin 15 mg139

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Ertugliflozin Plasma Concentrations (ng/mL): Summary Statistics Over Time (Excluding Rescue Approach)

Pharmacokinetic samples were collected at approximately 24 hours following the prior day's dose and before administration of the current day's dose. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.500 mg/mL. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and/or 60 minutes post-dose on Weeks 6, 12, 18, and 30

,,
Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Week 6:Pre-doseWeek 12:Pre-doseWeek 12:60 mins post-doseWeek 18:Pre-doseWeek 18:60 mins post-doseWeek 30:Pre-dose
Ertugliflozin 15 mg38.3829.23228.1324.46214.9630.55
Ertugliflozin 5 mg14.8912.3474.849.9174.3912.66
Placebo/GlimepirideNANANA0.010.010.15

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Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 52 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionPercent A1C (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.68
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.72
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-0.96

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

The change in body weight from baseline reflects the Week 104 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionKilograms (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.18
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-3.77
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-3.63

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

The change in body weight from baseline reflects the Week 26 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionKilograms (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-1.33
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-3.01
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-2.93

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

The change in body weight from baseline reflects the Week 52 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionKilograms (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride0.07
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-3.23
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-3.35

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 104 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 104 minus FPG at Week 0). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-10.9
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-18.2
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-28.2

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose at Week 26 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 26 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 26 minus FPG at Week 0) which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.85
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-27.54
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-39.10

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Therapy)

Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 52 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 52 minus FPG at Week 0). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-12.0
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-22.4
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-35.2

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Change From Baseline in Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 sitting SBP minus the Week 0 sitting SBP. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride0.65
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-2.63
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-4.28

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Change From Baseline in Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

This change from baseline reflects the Week 104 sitting DBP minus the Week 0 sitting DBP. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.46
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-2.36
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-1.52

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Change From Baseline in Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 26 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) minus the Week 0 sitting DBP (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride0.23
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-1.59
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-2.19

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Change From Baseline in Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 52 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 sitting DBP minus the Week 0 sitting DBP. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride0.38
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-1.40
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-1.19

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Change From Baseline in Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

This change from baseline reflects the Week 104 sitting SBP minus the Week 0 sitting SBP. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride0.05
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-3.61
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-3.13

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Change From Baseline in Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 26 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) minus the Week 0 sitting SBP (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.70
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-4.38
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-5.20

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Percentage of Participants Receiving Glycemic Rescue Therapy up to Week 26

Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride17.7
Ertugliflozin 5 mg2.9
Ertugliflozin 15 mg1.5

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Percentage of Participants Receiving Glycemic Rescue Therapy up to Week 52

Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Up to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride17.2
Ertugliflozin 5 mg4.3
Ertugliflozin 15 mg1.5

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Percentage of Participants Receiving Glycemic Rescue Therapy up to Week 104

Per protocol participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride24.4
Ertugliflozin 5 mg11.1
Ertugliflozin 15 mg10.7

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing An Adverse Event (AE) (Including Rescue Approach)

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with open-label glimepiride or basal insulin according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Up to Week 106

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride77.5
Ertugliflozin 5 mg70.5
Ertugliflozin 15 mg75.6

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Percentage of Participants Discontinuing Study Treatment Due to an AE (Including Rescue Approach)

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with open-label glimepiride or basal insulin according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Placebo/Glimepiride2.4
Ertugliflozin 5 mg3.4
Ertugliflozin 15 mg3.9

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Percent Change From BMD at Week 104 as Measured by DXA at the Distal Forearm Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the distal forearm was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 104. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.58
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.40
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-0.64

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker PTH at Week 52 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

PTH is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionPercent Change (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride8.11
Ertugliflozin 5 mg11.09
Ertugliflozin 15 mg2.48

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker PTH at Week 104 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

PTH is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionPercent change (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride10.12
Ertugliflozin 5 mg8.16
Ertugliflozin 15 mg5.46

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker Procollagen Type I N-terminal Propeptide (P1NP) at Week 26 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

P1NP is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionPercent change (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride0.5
Ertugliflozin 5 mg0.8
Ertugliflozin 15 mg0.5

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) at Week 26 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

PTH is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionPercent change (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.98
Ertugliflozin 5 mg0.28
Ertugliflozin 15 mg0.14

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker P1NP at Week 52 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

P1NP is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionPercent Change (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride24.50
Ertugliflozin 5 mg8.41
Ertugliflozin 15 mg19.79

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker P1NP at Week 104 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

P1NP is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionPercent change (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride19.38
Ertugliflozin 5 mg10.11
Ertugliflozin 15 mg24.21

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker CTX at Week 52 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

CTX is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionPercent change (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride15.54
Ertugliflozin 5 mg34.36
Ertugliflozin 15 mg41.57

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker CTX at Week 104 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

CTX is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionPercent change (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride19.29
Ertugliflozin 5 mg26.94
Ertugliflozin 15 mg32.53

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker Carboxy-Terminal Cross-Linking Telopeptides of Type I Collagen (CTX) at Week 26 (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

CTX is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionPercent change (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride10.8
Ertugliflozin 5 mg51.9
Ertugliflozin 15 mg80.2

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 52 as Measured by DXA at the Total Hip Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the total hip was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 52. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.82
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-1.04
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-1.32

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 52 as Measured by DXA at the Lumbar Spine (L1-L4) Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 52. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.10
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.28
Ertugliflozin 15 mg0.07

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 52 as Measured by DXA at the Femoral Neck Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 52. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.69
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.49
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-0.44

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 52 as Measured by DXA at the Distal Forearm Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the distal forearm was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 52. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.44
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.59
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-0.39

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 26 as Measured by DXA at the Total Hip Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the total hip was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 26. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.63
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.55
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-0.36

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 26 as Measured by DXA at the Lumbar Spine (L1-L4) Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 26. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionPercentage change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride0.22
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.01
Ertugliflozin 15 mg0.12

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 26 as Measured by DXA at the Femoral Neck Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 26. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.40
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.10
Ertugliflozin 15 mg0.30

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 26 as Measured by DXA at the Distal Forearm Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the distal forearm was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 26. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride0.06
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.15
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-0.13

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 104 as Measured by DXA at the Total Hip Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the total hip was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 104. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-1.18
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-1.72
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-2.02

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 104 as Measured by DXA at the Lumbar Spine (L1-L4) Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 104. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride0.09
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.19
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-0.13

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Percent Change From Baseline in BMD at Week 104 as Measured by DXA at the Femoral Neck Using Raw Data (Excluding Bone Rescue Approach)

BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 104. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-1.23
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-1.11
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-0.96

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Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 104 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 104 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104

InterventionPercent A1C (Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.58
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.60
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-0.89

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Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 26 (Excluding Rescue Approach)

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 26 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionPercent A1C (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo/Glimepiride-0.03
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-0.73
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-0.91

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Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG (Blood Glucose) Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Maintenance Period

Severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe and/or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value of <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL), with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode was defined as an event with onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than the last day of randomised treatment. Maintenance period: 16 weeks of treatment, in each treatment period (Week 16-32 and Week 48-64). (NCT02034513)
Timeframe: A 16-week treatment period.

InterventionEvent (Number)
Insulin Degludec (IDeg)2772
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)3126

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Incidence of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

Treatment emergent adverse event was defined as an event with onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than the last day of randomised treatment. (NCT02034513)
Timeframe: During 32 weeks of treatment for each treatment period

InterventionEvent (Number)
Insulin Degludec (IDeg)925
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)937

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FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose)

Fasting plasma glucose values at week 32 and week 64. (NCT02034513)
Timeframe: Week 32 and Week 64

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
week 32 (n=208, 204)week 64 (n=203, 201)
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Glargine (IDeg/IGlar)7.458.62
Insulin Glargine/Insulin Degludec (IGlar/IDeg)8.127.54

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)

Change from baseline in HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) at week 32 (treatment period 1) and at week 64 (treatment period 2). Week 32 HbA1c absolute value was considered as baseline for calculating change from baseline in HbA1c at week 64. (NCT02034513)
Timeframe: Week 32, Week 64

,
InterventionPercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
week 32 (n=209, 205)week 64 (n=203, 199)
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Glargine (IDeg/IGlar)-0.730.04
Insulin Glargine/Insulin Degludec (IGlar/IDeg)-0.660.17

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Proportion of Subjects With One or More Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Maintenance Period

Percentage of subjects who experienced one or more severe hypoglycaemic episodes during the maintenance period. Severe hypoglycaemia (according to the American Diabetes Association 2013 definition): A hypoglycaemic episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. Plasma glucose values may not be available during an event, but neurological recovery following the return of plasma glucose to normal is considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by a low plasma glucose concentration. (NCT02034513)
Timeframe: After 16 weeks of treatment, in each treatment period (Week 16-32 and Week 48-64)

InterventionPercentage of subjects (Number)
Insulin Degludec (IDeg)10.3
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)17.1

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Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Maintenance Period

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe and/or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value of <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL), with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia and with time of onset between 00:01 and 05.59 a.m., both inclusive. Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode was defined as an event with onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than the last day of randomised treatment. (NCT02034513)
Timeframe: After 16 weeks of treatment, in each treatment period (Week 16-32 and Week 48-64)

InterventionEvent (Number)
Insulin Degludec (IDeg)349
Insulin Glargine (IGlar)544

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Percentage of Participants With Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Plasma glucose measurements might not have been available during such an event, but neurological recovery attributable to the restoration of plasma glucose to normal was considered sufficient evidence that the event had been induced by a low plasma glucose concentration. Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia included all episodes in which neurological impairment was severe enough to prevent self-treatment, and which were thus thought to place participants at risk of injury to themselves or others. (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (median treatment exposure: 211 days)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination0
Insulin Glargine0.2
Lixisenatide0

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Average Daily Insulin Glargine Dose at Week 30

The analysis included scheduled measurements obtained up to the date of last injection of the IMP, including those obtained after introduction of rescue therapy. (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Week 30

InterventionUnits (U) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination39.77
Insulin Glargine40.46

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Change in 2-Hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) From Baseline to Week 30

The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a liquid standardized breakfast meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-5.68
Insulin Glargine-3.31
Lixisenatide-4.58

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Week 30

Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-0.29
Insulin Glargine1.11
Lixisenatide-2.3

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 30

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-3.46
Insulin Glargine-3.27
Lixisenatide-1.5

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 30

"Primary outcome was to test superiority of FRC versus Lixisenatide and non-inferiority versus Insulin glargine.~Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value." (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-1.63
Insulin Glargine-1.34
Lixisenatide-0.85

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Change in Plasma Glucose Excursion From Baseline to Week 30

Plasma glucose excursion = 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) value minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to the start of meal and before investigational medicinal product (IMP) administration if IMP was injected before breakfast. Change in plasma glucose excursions were calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. Missing data was imputed using last observation carried forward (LOCF). (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-2.31
Insulin Glargine-0.18
Lixisenatide-3.23

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Number of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Events Per Subject-Year

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤ 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (median treatment exposure: 211 days)

InterventionEvents per subject-year (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination1.44
Insulin Glargine1.22
Lixisenatide0.34

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Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% at Week 30 With No Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (PG ≤ 70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) During 30-Week Treatment Period

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). The analysis included all HbA1c measurements at Week 30, including those obtained after the IMP discontinuation or the introduction of rescue medication. (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 30

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination53.6
Insulin Glargine44.4
Lixisenatide30.5

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Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% With No Body Weight Gain at Week 30

(NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Week 30

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination43.2
Insulin Glargine25.1
Lixisenatide27.9

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Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% With No Body Weight Gain at Week 30 and No Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Plasma Glucose [PG] ≤ 70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) During 30-Week Treatment Period

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 30

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination31.8
Insulin Glargine18.9
Lixisenatide26.2

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy During 30-Week Treatment Period

Routine fasting SMPG and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after Week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceeded the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after Week 12) was performed. Threshold values - from Week 8 to Week 12: fasting SMPG/FPG >240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L), and from Week 12 to Week 30: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c >8%. (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 30

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination3.6
Insulin Glargine3.4
Lixisenatide12.4

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Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤ 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (median treatment exposure: 211 days)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination25.6
Insulin Glargine23.6
Lixisenatide6.4

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% or ≤6.5% at Week 30

Participants without Week 30 value for HbA1c were counted as non-responders. (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Week 30

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.0%HbA1c ≤6.5%
Insulin Glargine59.439.5
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination73.755.8
Lixisenatide3319.3

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Mean Change in 7-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profile From Baseline to Week 30

Participants recorded a 7-point plasma glucose profile measured before and 2 hours after each meal and at bedtime two times in a week before baseline, before visit Week 12 and before visit Week 30 and the average value across the profiles performed in the week before a visit for the 7-time points was calculated. Change in average 7-point SMPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. The analysis included all scheduled measurements obtained during the study. The missing data was handled by mixed effect model with repeated measures (MMRM) approach. (NCT02058147)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-3.35
Insulin Glargine-2.66
Lixisenatide-1.95

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Change in FPG From Baseline to Week 30

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-0.35
Insulin Glargine-0.46

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Change in 2-hour PPG From Baseline to Week 30

Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-4.72
Insulin Glargine-1.39

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Change in 2-hour Plasma Blood Glucose Excursion From Baseline to Week 30

Plasma glucose excursion = 2-hour postprandial glucose (PPG) minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to the start of the meal and before investigational medicinal product (IMP) administration, if IMP was injected before breakfast. Change in plasma glucose excursions was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-3.9
Insulin Glargine-0.47

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Number of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Events Per Subject-Year

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (median treatment exposure 211 days [FRC], 210 days [Insulin glargine])

Interventionevents per subject-year (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination3.03
Insulin Glargine4.22

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Mean Change in 7-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profile From Baseline to Week 30

Participants recorded a 7-point plasma glucose profile measured before and 2-hours after each meal and at bedtime, two times in a week before baseline, before visit Week 12 and before visit Week 30 and the average value across the profiles performed in the week before a visit for the 7 time points was calculated. Change in average 7 point SMPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. The analysis included all scheduled measurements obtained during the study. The missing data was handled by mixed effect model with repeated measures (MMRM) approach. (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-1.5
Insulin Glargine-0.6

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Change in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) From Baseline to Week 30

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-1.13
Insulin Glargine-0.62

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Percentage of Participants With Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Plasma glucose measurements might not had been available during such an event, but neurological recovery attributable to the restoration of plasma glucose to normal was considered sufficient evidence that the event had been induced by a low plasma glucose concentration. Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia included all episodes in which neurological impairment was severe enough to prevent self-treatment, and which were thus thought to place participants at risk for injury to themselves or others. (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (median treatment exposure 211 days [FRC], 210 days [Insulin glargine])

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination1.1
Insulin Glargine0.3

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% or ≤6.5% at Week 30

(NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Week 30

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.0%HbA1c ≤ 6.5%
Insulin Glargine29.614.2
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination54.933.9

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Change in Daily Insulin Glargine Dose From Baseline to Week 30

(NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

InterventionUnits (U) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination10.64
Insulin Glargine10.89

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline to Week 30

Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 30 value. (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination-0.67
Insulin Glargine0.7

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Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (median treatment exposure 211 days [FRC], 210 days [Insulin glargine])

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination40
Insulin Glargine42.5

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy During 30-Week Treatment Period

Routine fasting SMPG and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after Week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceeded the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after Week 12) were performed. Threshold values - from Week 8 to Week 12: fasting SMPG/FPG >240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L), and from Week 12 to Week 30: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c >8%. (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 30

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination2.7
Insulin Glargine6

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Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% With No Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (PG ≤ 70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) During 30-Week Treatment Period

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 30

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination31.7
Insulin Glargine18.6

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Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% With No Body Weight Gain at Week 30 and No Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Plasma Glucose [PG] ≤ 70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) During 30-Week Treatment Period

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 30

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination19.9
Insulin Glargine9.0

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Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7.0% With No Body Weight Gain at Week 30

(NCT02058160)
Timeframe: Week 30

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination34.2
Insulin Glargine13.4

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Percentage of Participants With Negative AIA at Baseline Who Develop Confirmed Positive AIA at Any Time Up Through Week 52

Percentage of participants who became positive to AIA at or before Week 52, among participants who were AIA negative at baseline. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Up to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-129340.6
Lantus39.8

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Percentage of Participants With Negative AIA at Baseline Who Develop Confirmed Positive AIA at Any Time Up Through Week 24

Percentage of participants who became positive to AIA at or before Week 24, among participants who were AIA negative at baseline. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Up to Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-129332.7
Lantus35.7

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Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Positive AIA Up Through Week 52

Percentage of participants with confirmed positive AIA at any time up through Week 52 including baseline. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Up to Week 52 including baseline

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-129373.4
Lantus75.6

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Percentage of Participants With Any Confirmed Positive Anti-insulin Antibody (AIA) at Any Time Up Through Week 24

Percentage of participants with confirmed positive AIA at any time up through Week 24 including baseline. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Up to Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-129370.1
Lantus74.0

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Basal Insulin Dose at Week 24

Basal Insulin Dose at Week 24. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionUnits (Least Squares Mean)
MK-129336.33
Lantus37.07

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Percentage of Participants Who Develop Insulin Neutralizing Antibodies Up Through Week 52

Percentage of Participants Who Develop Insulin Neutralizing Antibodies Up Thought Week 52. This immunogenicity analysis assessed the effect of treatment with MK-1293 and with Lantus on insulin-neutralizing antibody (INAb) development up through 52 weeks of treatment. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Up to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-12934.7
Lantus6.9

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Percentage of Participants Who Develop Insulin Neutralizing Antibodies Up Through Week 24

Percentage of Participants Who Develop Insulin Neutralizing Antibodies Up Through Week 24. This immunogenicity analysis assessed the effect of treatment with MK-1293 and with Lantus on insulin-neutralizing antibody (INab) development up through 24 weeks of treatment. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Up to Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-12933.9
Lantus5.3

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Basal Insulin Dose at Week 52

Basal Insulin Dose at Week 52. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionUnits (Least Squares Mean)
MK-129336.08
Lantus36.51

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Basal Insulin Dose Per kg of Body Weight at Week 24

Basal Insulin Dose per kg of Body Weight at Week 24. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionUnits/kg (Least Squares Mean)
MK-12930.46
Lantus0.48

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Basal Insulin Dose Per kg of Body Weight at Week 52

Basal Insulin Dose per kg of Body Weight at Week 52. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionUnits/kg (Least Squares Mean)
MK-12930.46
Lantus0.47

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Bolus Insulin Dose at Week 24

Bolus Insulin Dose at Week 24. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionUnits (Least Squares Mean)
MK-129321.65
Lantus22.91

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Bolus Insulin Dose at Week 52

Bolus Insulin Dose at Week 52. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionUnits (Least Squares Mean)
MK-129322.15
Lantus23.65

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Bolus Insulin Dose Per kg of Body Weight at Week 24

Bolus Insulin Dose per kg of Body Weight at Week 24. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionUnits/kg (Least Squares Mean)
MK-12930.28
Lantus0.29

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Bolus Insulin Dose Per kg of Body Weight at Week 52

Bolus Insulin Dose per kg of Body Weight at Week 52. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionUnits/kg (Least Squares Mean)
MK-12930.28
Lantus0.30

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Change From Baseline in 7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) at Week 24

The 7-point SMBG profile consisted of the following measurements by glucose meter: morning pre-meal (fasting), 2 hours after morning meal, midday pre-meal, 2 hours after midday meal, evening pre meal, pre-bedtime (pre-dose and at least 2 hours after evening meal), between 2:00 AM and 4:00 AM in the morning. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1293-4.9
Lantus-4.6

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Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 52

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionPercent (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1293-0.35
Lantus-0.33

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Change From Baseline in AIA Titer After 24 Weeks of Treatment

This immunogenicity analysis will assess the effect of treatment with MK-1293 compared with Lantus on anti-insulin antibody development after 24 weeks of treatment. This change from baseline reflects the Week 24 AIA titer minus the Week 0 AIA titer. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionAIA Titers (Mean)
MK-12930.4
Lantus0.3

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Change From Baseline in AIA Titer After 52 Weeks of Treatment

This immunogenicity analysis assessed the effect of treatment with MK-1293 compared with Lantus on anti-insulin antibody development after 52 weeks of treatment. This change from baseline reflects the AIA titers at Week 52 minus the AIA titers at Week 0. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

InterventionAIA Titers (Mean)
MK-1293-1.6
Lantus0.1

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24

Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis (collected after a 10-hour fast). FPG is expressed as mg/dL. This change from baseline reflects the FPG level at Week 24 minus the FPG level at Week 0. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1293-16.8
Lantus-26.4

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Change From Baseline in 7-point SMBG at Week 52

The 7-point SMBG profile consisted of the following measurements by glucose meter: morning pre-meal (fasting), 2 hours after morning meal, midday pre-meal, 2 hours after midday meal, evening pre meal, pre-bedtime (pre-dose and at least 2 hours after evening meal), between 2:00 AM and 4:00 AM in the morning. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1293-12.0
Lantus-4.0

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Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <7% and <6.5% After 52 Weeks of Treatment.

Percentage of participants attaining A1C glycemic goals of <7.0% and <6.5% after 52 weeks of treatment. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
A1C < 7.0%A1C < 6.5%
Lantus30.818.6
MK-129331.014.2

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Change From Baseline in FPG at Week 52

Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis (collected after a 10-hour fast). This change from baseline reflects the FPG level at Week 52 minus the FPG level at Week 0. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1293-17.9
Lantus-12.5

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Percentage of Participants Attaining A1C Glycemic Goals of <7% and <6.5% After 24 Weeks of Treatment.

Percentage of participants attaining A1C glycemic goals of <7.0% and <6.5% after 24 weeks of treatment. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
A1C < 7.0%A1C < 6.5%
Lantus37.721.6
MK-129337.020.5

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Total Insulin Dose Per Kilogram (kg) of Body Weight (Unit/kg) at Week 52

Total insulin dose = basal insulin (MK-1293 or Lantus) + bolus (prandial) insulin (non-study medication). (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionInsulin units/kg. (Least Squares Mean)
MK-12930.75
Lantus0.77

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Total Insulin Dose Per Kilogram (kg) of Body Weight (Unit/kg) at Week 24

Total insulin dose = basal insulin (MK-1293 or Lantus) + bolus (prandial) insulin (non-study medication). (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionInsulin units/kg. (Least Squares Mean)
MK-12930.75
Lantus0.77

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Total Insulin Dose at Week 52

Total insulin dose = basal insulin (MK-1293 or Lantus) + bolus (prandial) insulin (non-study medication). (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionInsulin units (Least Squares Mean)
MK-129359.16
Lantus60.93

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Total Insulin Dose at Week 24

Total insulin dose = basal insulin (MK-1293 or Lantus) + bolus (prandial) insulin (non-study medication). (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionInsulin units (Least Squares Mean)
MK-129358.74
Lantus60.51

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Primary: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) at Week 24

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). This change from baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. (NCT02059161)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionPercent (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1293-0.62
Lantus-0.66

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Daily Basal Insulin Dose (Units) at Week 24

The daily basal insulin dose (measured in units) for any given visit is defined as the average dose from the three most recent days preceding the visit date. (NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionUnits (Least Squares Mean)
MK-129348.2
Lantus™46.9

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Daily Basal Insulin Dose Per Body Weight (Units/kg) at Week 24

Basal insulin dose per body weight was calculated as total insulin dose (units) per day divided by body weight in kilograms (kg). (NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionUnits/kg (Least Squares Mean)
MK-12930.53
Lantus™0.51

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Change From Baseline in Participant 7-Point Average of Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) at Week 24

7-Point Average of SMBG was defined as the mean of blood glucose measurements taken at the following 7 times: before morning meal, after morning meal, before midday meal, after midday meal, before evening meal, after evening meal or at bedtime, and between 2 AM and 4 AM. (NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1293-30.7
Lantus™-27.3

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing an Adverse Event (AE) of Hypoglycemia Up to Week 24

Symptomatic events assessed as likely to be hypoglycemia were to be reported by investigators as adverse events of hypoglycemia; a concurrent glucose measurement was not required. Asymptomatic events with confirmed glucose levels NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-129354.0
Lantus™54.0

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing an AE Over the 24-week Treatment Period

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the investigational product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition which is temporally associated with the use of the investigational product, is also an AE. (NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-129378.3
Lantus™71.5

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Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Anti-Insulin Antibodies (AIA) up to Week 24

Percentage of participants is a cumulative percentage of participants with any confirmed AIA (including baseline) up to Week 24. (NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-129334.7
Lantus™29.0

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Change From Baseline in Participant Body Weight at Week 24

Change from baseline in participant body weight at Week 24. (NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionkilograms (Mean)
MK-12931.3
Lantus™1.4

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Percentage of Participants With Hemoglobin A1C <6.5% at Week 24

Percentage of participants with A1C <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) at Week 24. (NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-129321.6
Lantus™22.4

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Percentage of Participants With Hemoglobin A1C <7% at Week 24

Percentage of participants with A1C <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) at Week 24. (NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-129346.5
Lantus™43.7

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Change From Baseline in Participant Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24

Participants fasted (no food or drink except water and non-antihyperglycemic non-study medications as prescribed) for at least 8 hours prior to all study visits. (NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1293-35.0
Lantus™-38.4

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Change From Baseline in Participant Hemoglobin A1C Level at Week 24

A1C is measured as a percent. A1C is the key glycemic parameter which correlates with reduction of risk of diabetic complications. (NCT02059187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionPercent A1C (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1293-1.28
Lantus™-1.30

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Mean Fasting Blood Glucose Level

The primary endpoint of the study is differences between treatment groups in mean fasting blood glucose level in LTC residents with poorly controlled diabetes. (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Insulin Glargine136.4
Linagliptin131.2

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Mortality

Mortality is defined as death occurring during admission at the LTC facility (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: over 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Insulin Glargine0
Linagliptin2

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Number of Hypoglycemic Events < 40mg/dl

total number of severe hypoglycemia (< 40 mg/dl). (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: over 6 months

Interventionevents (Number)
Insulin Glargine3
Linagliptin0

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Number of Hypoglycemic Events < 70mg/dl

total number of hypoglycemic events (<70 mg/dl) (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: over 6 months

Interventionevents (Number)
Insulin Glargine136
Linagliptin3

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Number of Participants With Acute Complications

Number of Participants with Acute Complications (urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bedsores, diabetic foot infection). (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: over 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Insulin Glargine8
Linagliptin5

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Total Daily Dose of Insulin

Total daily dose of insulin (units) (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: over 6 months

InterventionU/day (Mean)
Insulin Glargine12.0
Linagliptin4.03

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Total Number of Emergency Room Visits

Total number of emergency room visits during the study period (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionvisits (Number)
Insulin Glargine3
Linagliptin0

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Total Number of Hospital Visits

Total number of hospital visits during the study period (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionvisits (Number)
Insulin Glargine6
Linagliptin7

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Total Number of Complications

Total number of complications including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, diabetic foot infection, cardiac complications including myocardial infarction and heart failure, cerebrovascular accidents, and acute kidney injury and mortality. (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionevents (Number)
Insulin Glargine22
Linagliptin16

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HbA1c

HbA1c at 6 month (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Insulin Glargine6.58
Linagliptin6.82

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Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury in LTC Residents Treated with Basal Insulin and Linagliptin Therapy (NCT02061969)
Timeframe: over 6 months

Interventionevents (Number)
Insulin Glargine2
Linagliptin1

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Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)

(NCT02072096)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 72

Interventionkilogram per square meter (kg/m^2) (Mean)
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)-0.47
Strategy B (Reference)0.20

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Change From Baseline of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)

The eGFR is used in addition to the Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio to measure the incidence and progression of diabetic kidney disease. (NCT02072096)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 72

Interventionmilliliter per minute/1.73 square meter (Mean)
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)-5.00
Strategy B (Reference)-5.88

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Change From Baseline of Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio

The Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio is used in addition to Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) to measure the incidence and progression of diabetic kidney disease. (NCT02072096)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 72

Interventionmilligram per millimole (mg/mmol) (Mean)
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)1.85
Strategy B (Reference)1.85

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Percentage of Participants Achieving and Maintaining Individualized Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Targets Without Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia

Failed to reach and maintain HbA1c target, without clinically significant hypoglycemia, is defined as having 2 consecutive HbA1c > upper limit of HbA1c target over 12 weeks starting from Week 24 for participants with HbA1c data beyond Week 24, or Week 24 HbA1c > upper limit of HbA1c target for participants without HbA1c data beyond Week 24. Clinically significant hypoglycemia is defined as any severe hypoglycemia or repeated hypoglycemia interrupting participants activities or sleep and associated with blood glucose ≤3.9 millimole per liter (mmol/L), or repeated asymptomatic hypoglycemia associated with blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L. Success is defined as lacking of failure. (NCT02072096)
Timeframe: Baseline to last participant visit (up to 72 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)64.5
Strategy B (Reference)54.9

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Alternative Treatment Due to Glycemic Failure of First Line Injectable Therapy

(NCT02072096)
Timeframe: Baseline to last participant visit (up to 72 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)21
Strategy B (Reference)13

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Number of Participants With Total Hypoglycemia and Other Categories of Hypoglycemia

(NCT02072096)
Timeframe: Baseline to last participant visit (up to 72 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Total HypoglycemiaSevere HypoglycemiaClinically Significant HypoglycemiaSymptomatic HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic HypoglycemiaUnspecified HypoglycemiaRelative HypoglycemiaNocturnal Hypoglycemia
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)1000580214
Strategy B (Reference)5001343077610

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE): Including Rescue Approach

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Including rescue approach data analysis included data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Up to 54 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Ertugliflozin 5 mg62.0
Ertugliflozin 15 mg57.7
Sitagliptin 100 mg57.5
Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg58.8
Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg55.7

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Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Treatment Due to an AE: Including Rescue Approach

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Including rescue approach data analysis included data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Ertugliflozin 5 mg3.2
Ertugliflozin 15 mg3.2
Sitagliptin 100 mg2.8
Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg3.3
Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg3.7

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 26 - Excluding Rescue Approach

Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis after at least a 10-hour fast. This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. Excluding recue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-35.73
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-36.91
Sitagliptin 100 mg-25.56
Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg-43.96
Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg-48.70

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Change From Baseline in Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 26: Excluding Rescue Approach

This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 systolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 systolic blood pressure. Excluding recue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

Interventionmm Hg (Least Squares Mean)
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-3.89
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-3.69
Sitagliptin 100 mg-0.66
Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg-3.42
Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg-3.67

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Change From Baseline in Static Beta-Cell Sensitivity to Glucose Index at Week 26; Excluding Rescue Approach

Static beta-cell sensitivity to glucose index (SBCSGI) estimates the ratio of insulin secretion (expressed in pmol/min) related to above-basal glucose concentration (expressed in mmol/L * L) following a meal. Blood samples were collected before and after a standard meal and glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were analyzed. The C-peptides minimal model was used to estimate the insulin secretion rate (ISR). Analysis included both non-model-based [including insulinogenic index with C-peptide, glucose area under the curve (AUC)/insulin AUC] and model-based [beta cell function and insulin secretion rate at 9 mM glucose] testing. Analysis was performed with non-linear least squares using the Software Architecture Analysis Method (SAAM) II software. SBCSGI was expressed in units of 10^-9 min^-1. Excluding rescue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: 30 min. before and 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes following the start of the standard meal at Baseline and Week 26

InterventionSBCSGI (10^-9min^-1) (Least Squares Mean)
Ertugliflozin 5 mg8.62
Ertugliflozin 15 mg9.71
Sitagliptin 100 mg21.11
Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg16.24
Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg11.51

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Percentage of Participants Achieving a Hemoglobin A1C of <7% (<53 mmol/Mol) (Raw Proportions): Excluding Rescue Approach

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over a prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Excluding recue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Ertugliflozin 5 mg26.4
Ertugliflozin 15 mg31.9
Sitagliptin 100 mg32.8
Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg52.3
Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg49.2

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26: Excluding Rescue Approach

This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. Excluding recue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionKilograms (Least Squares Mean)
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-2.69
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-3.74
Sitagliptin 100 mg-0.67
Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg-2.52
Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg-2.94

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Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 26: Excluding Rescue Approach

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. Excluding recue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionPercentage (Least Squares Mean)
Ertugliflozin 5 mg-1.02
Ertugliflozin 15 mg-1.08
Sitagliptin 100 mg-1.05
Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg-1.49
Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg-1.52

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Change in Patient Reported Outcome Questionnaires. (PROs), Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs)

The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) questionnaire was to be used to assess a subject's treatment satisfaction. This questionnaire contained 8 components and measured the treatment for diabetes (including insulin, tablets and/or diet) in terms of convenience, flexibility and general feelings regarding treatment. The value presented is the 'Treatment Satisfaction' summary score, which is the sum of 6 of the 8 items of the DTSQs questionnaire. Response options range from 6 (best case) to 0 (worst case). Total scores for treatment satisfaction range from 0-36. Higher scores indicate higher satisfaction. The values displayed are the estimated mean change from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30

InterventionScore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week4.86
Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week5.37
Insulin Glargine3.99

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Change in Systolic Blood Pressure.

Change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week-4.65
Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week-5.17
Insulin Glargine-1.68

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Change in Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Questionnaire, Questionnaire SF-36v2™

The Short Form (SF)-36v2™ patient reported outcomes (PRO) questionnaire was used to assess the subject's overall health related quality of life (HRQoL. PRO questionnaire (SF-36v2™) measured the HRQoL on 8 domains on individual scale ranges. The scores 0-100 (where higher scores indicated a better HRQoL) from the SF-36 were converted to a norm-based score using a T-score transformation in order to obtain a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 1998 U.S. general population. The (SF-36v2™) values displayed are the estimated mean change from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30

,,
InterventionT-scores (Least Squares Mean)
Bodily painGeneral HealthMental Component summary, MCSMental HealthPhysical Component summary, PCSPhysical FunctioningRole-emotionalRole-physicalSocial functioningVitality
Insulin Glargine0.901.630.250.541.180.690.060.780.360.95
Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week0.951.951.231.691.181.640.880.901.131.71
Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week1.762.781.331.172.091.491.731.971.042.09

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Subjects Who Achieve HbA1c ≤6.5% (48 mmol/Mol), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)

Subjects who achieve HbA1c ≤6.5% (48 mmol/mol), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) after 30 weeks of treatment (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks treatment

,,
InterventionCount of participants (Number)
YesNo
Insulin Glargine63297
Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week135227
Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week195165

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline

Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30

Interventionpercentage (Least Squares Mean)
Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week-1.21
Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week-1.64
Insulin Glargine-0.83

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose From Baseline

Change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week-36.74
Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week-49.21
Insulin Glargine-38.18

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline

Change in body weight from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30

InterventionKg (Least Squares Mean)
Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week-3.47
Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week-5.17
Insulin Glargine1.15

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Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure.

Change in diastolic blood pressure from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week-1.38
Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week-0.98
Insulin Glargine-1.44

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Pharmacodynamics: Three-Hour Postprandial Glucose Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC)

Glucose AUC within 3 hours after each meal assessed by the AUC of glucose from preprandial to 3 hours postprandial. LS means were calculated using an MMRM analysis including the following fixed effects: treatment, period, sequence, and baseline basal insulin dose stratification factor. (NCT02132637)
Timeframe: Preprandial to 3 Hours Postprandial during the day following the standard dose

,
Interventionmg/dL*h (Least Squares Mean)
BreakfastLunchDinner
Insulin Glargine568.64568.20577.46
Insulin Peglispro633.50566.00564.68

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia

The percentage was calculated by dividing the number of participants with hypoglycemia events defined as blood glucose ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT02132637)
Timeframe: Predose to 12 Hours Post Double Dose and 84 Hours Post Double Dose

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
12 Hours Post Double Dose84 Hours Post Double Dose
Insulin Glargine64.582.3
Insulin Peglispro19.742.6

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Fasting Blood Glucose

Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured by self-monitored blood glucose. LS means were calculated by MMRM analysis with fixed effects of treatment, dosing day, sequence, period, interaction of treatment and dosing day, baseline basal insulin dose stratification factor, and baseline FBG. (NCT02132637)
Timeframe: Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 Following Double Dose

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Day 1Day 2Day 3
Insulin Glargine85.6186.1686.27
Insulin Peglispro102.03100.94102.18

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Time to the Nadir Glucose

Nadir glucose was defined as the lowest blood glucose for a participant with blood glucose ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). The average time was calculated by dividing the sum of time from double dose to the nadir glucose for participants with blood glucose ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) by the number of participants with blood glucose ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) during the first 84 hours after the double dose. (NCT02132637)
Timeframe: Predose to 84 Hours Post Double Dose

Interventionhours (Mean)
Insulin Peglispro35.92
Insulin Glargine28.15

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Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia 12 Hours Post Double Dose

The percentage was calculated by dividing the number of participants with clinically significant hypoglycemia events defined as blood glucose <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) or symptoms of severe hypoglycemia by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT02132637)
Timeframe: Predose to 12 Hours Post Double Dose

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Peglispro1.6
Insulin Glargine22.6

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Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia

The percentage was calculated by dividing the number of participants with clinically significant hypoglycemia events defined as blood glucose <54 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (3.0 millimole per liter [mmol/L]) or symptoms of severe hypoglycemia by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT02132637)
Timeframe: Predose to 84 Hours Post Double Dose

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Peglispro6.6
Insulin Glargine35.5

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Nadir Glucose

Nadir glucose was defined as the lowest blood glucose for a participant with blood glucose ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using a mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis including the following fixed effects: treatment, period, sequence, and baseline basal insulin dose stratification factor. (NCT02132637)
Timeframe: Predose to 84 Hours Post Double Dose

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro61.70
Insulin Glargine55.93

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Duration of Glucose ≤70 mg/dL

The duration in minutes of each hypoglycemia episode with glucose ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) was calculated from start time to end time. The duration for a participant was the sum of the durations over the multiple hypoglycemia episodes. LS means were calculated using an MMRM analysis including the following fixed effects: treatment, period, sequence, and baseline basal insulin dose stratification factor. (NCT02132637)
Timeframe: Predose to 84 Hours Post Double Dose

InterventionMinutes per participant (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro95.28
Insulin Glargine362.26

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Beta Cell Function

Beta cell function assessed by the change between pre meal tolerance test and 30 minutes post meal tolerance test in C-peptide corrected insulin/Glucose (ΔC-peptide corrected insulin/ΔGlucose). LS means were calculated using an MMRM analysis including the following fixed effects: treatment, period, sequence, and baseline basal insulin dose stratification factor. (NCT02132637)
Timeframe: 0-30 minutes during the meal tolerance test on the day following the standard dose

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro88.65
Insulin Glargine103.62

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Pharmacodynamics: Three-Hour Postprandial Glucose Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC) Excursion

Glucose AUC excursion within 3 hours after each meal assessed by the AUC of adjusted glucose (= observed glucose - preprandial glucose) from preprandial to 3 hours postprandial. LS means were calculated using an MMRM analysis including the following fixed effects: treatment, period, sequence, and baseline basal insulin dose stratification factor. (NCT02132637)
Timeframe: Preprandial to 3 Hours Postprandial during the day following the standard dose

,
Interventionmg/dL*h (Least Squares Mean)
BreakfastLunchDinner
Insulin Glargine270.3236.92150.23
Insulin Peglispro266.33-2.38134.40

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Percentage of Participants With Self-Reported Events of Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and has a plasma glucose level of =<3.9 mmol/L), asymptomatic (defined as events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of =<3.9 mmol/L), nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (defined as events during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination). The percentage of participants with self-reported hypoglycemic events is presented. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
SymptomaticAsymptomaticSevereNocturnalProbable Symptomatic
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine35.342.70.728.02.7
Placebo + Insulin Glargine30.039.30.028.72.0

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Number of Participants With Thyroid Tumors/Neoplasms (Including C-Cell Hyperplasia)

(NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine1
Placebo + Insulin Glargine0

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Number of Participants With Investigator Reported and Adjudicated Cardiovascular Events

Cardiovascular (CV) adverse events (AEs) were adjudicated by an independent committee of physicians with cardiology expertise external to the sponsor. Deaths occurring during the study treatment period and nonfatal CV AEs were to be adjudicated. Nonfatal CV events that were to be adjudicated were myocardial infarction; hospitalization for unstable angina; hospitalization for heart failure; coronary interventions (such as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); and cerebrovascular events, including cerebrovascular accident (CVA/stroke), and transient ischemic attack (TIA). (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine3
Placebo + Insulin Glargine1

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Number of Participants With Dulaglutide Anti-Drug Antibodies

Dulaglutide anti-drug antibodies (ADA) were assessed at baseline, Weeks 12 and 28. A participant was considered to have treatment-emergent (TE) dulaglutide ADAs if the participant had at least 1 titer that was TE relative to baseline, defined as a 4-fold or greater increase in titer from baseline measurement. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine0
Placebo + Insulin Glargine2

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Number of Participants With Adjudicated Acute Pancreatitis Events

The number of cases of acute pancreatitis confirmed by adjudication. A summary of serious and other non-serious AEs, regardless of causality, is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine0
Placebo + Insulin Glargine0

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Change From Baseline to 28 Weeks in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least-squares (LS) mean and standard error (SE) changes from baseline in HbA1c at 28 weeks were measured using mixed model regression and restricted maximum likelihood (REML) with treatment, pooled country, visit, and treatment-by -visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline as covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of change (Least Squares Mean)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine-1.44
Placebo + Insulin Glargine-0.67

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Change From Baseline to 28 Weeks in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)

FSG is a test to determine glucose levels after an overnight fast. LS means FSG change from baseline to primary endpoint at week 28 was calculated using a mixed effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis adjusted by treatment, country, metformin use, week, treatment-by-week interaction, and baseline FSG as covariate. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 Weeks

Interventionmilligram per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine-44.63
Placebo + Insulin Glargine-27.90

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c Target of <7.0% and Without Weight Gain (<0.1 Kilograms [kg]) at 28 Weeks and Without Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Maintenance Period (Weeks 12-28)

Percentage of participants who achieved a target HbA1c target of <7%, without weight gain and without documented symptomatic hypoglycemia at 28 weeks were analyzed using regression model, controlling for treatment, pre-treatment, baseline HbA1c and country. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: 28 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine40.7
Placebo + Insulin Glargine16.7

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Change From Baseline to 28 Weeks in Daily Mean Insulin Glargine Dose

Least Square (LS) Means of the insulin dose change from baseline to primary endpoint at week 28 was adjusted by treatment, country, metformin use, week, treatment-by-week interaction, and baseline insulin dose as covariate, via a MMRM analysis. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 Weeks

Interventionunits (u) (Least Squares Mean)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine12.75
Placebo + Insulin Glargine25.94

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Change From Baseline to 28 Weeks in Body Weight

LS means of the body weight change from baseline to primary endpoint at week 28 was adjusted by treatment, country, metformin use, week, treatment-by-week interaction, and baseline body weight as covariate, via a MMRM analysis. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 Weeks

Interventionkilogram(kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine-1.91
Placebo + Insulin Glargine0.50

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c Target of <7.0% and Without Weight Gain (<0.1 kg)

(NCT02152371)
Timeframe: 28 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine52.7
Placebo + Insulin Glargine20.0

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c Target of <7.0% at 28 Weeks and Without Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Maintenance Period (Weeks 12-28)

Percentage of participants achieving target HbA1c of <7.0% at 28 weeks without documented symptomatic hypoglycemia are presented. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as any time a participant experienced symptoms and or signs associated with hypoglycemia and had a plasma glucose of <=70 mg/dL. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: 28 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine52.0
Placebo + Insulin Glargine28.0

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Percentage of Participants Discontinuing the Study Due to Severe, Persistent Hyperglycemia

(NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine0
Placebo + Insulin Glargine0

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Rate of Hypoglycemic Events up to 28 Weeks

The rate of total hypoglycemic events any type per 30 days is presented. The hypoglycemia rate per 30 days during defined period is calculated by the number of hypoglycemia events within the period/number of days participant at risk within the period*30 days. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks

Interventionrate of hypoglycemic events per 30 days (Mean)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine0.63
Placebo + Insulin Glargine0.70

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Change From Baseline to 28 Weeks in 7-Point Self Monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG)

The LS means of the 7-point SMPG change from baseline to primary endpoint at week 28 was measured using a MMRM analysis adjusted by treatment, country, metformin use, week, treatment-by-week interaction, and baseline SMPG as covariate. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 Weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Pre-Morning Meal (n=133,129)Morning Meal 2-Hour Postprandial (n=123,119)Pre-Midday Meal (n=133,127)Midday Meal 2-Hour Post Prandial (n=123,117)Pre-Evening Meal (n=133,129)Evening Meal 2-Hour Postprandial (n=126,122)3:00 AM (Morning) (n=124,117)
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine-44.03-64.16-40.89-51.13-43.68-48.63-39.77
Placebo + Insulin Glargine-35.97-46.97-25.34-32.98-28.71-27.35-20.30

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c Targets of <7.0% or ≤6.5%

Percentage of participants who achieved HbA1c levels of <7% or ≤6.5% were analyzed using a logistic regression model, controlling for treatment, pre-treatment, baseline HbA1c and country. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: 28 Weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <= 6.5HbA1c < 7.0
Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine50.769.3
Placebo + Insulin Glargine16.735.3

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve (AUC) for Insulin Lispro During Clamp

During the euglycemic 2-step hyperinsulinemic clamp, both low and high insulin was infused sequentially during the same procedure. The 2-step clamp procedure allowed insulin sensitivity to be measured in participants and uses a lower dose of insulin (Low) of which the effect is largely on the liver and a high dose of insulin (high) at which the effect has reached 100% on liver and effects are largely on glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. AUC is taking during infusion for this outcome measure. (NCT02152384)
Timeframe: Day 35, insulin clearance during lispro infusion (dosing=infusion)

,
Interventionpmol* hr/L (Mean)
Clamp Period 1-3 HoursClamp Period 4-6 Hours
Insulin Glargine (With Insulin Lispro)222897
Insulin Peglispro (LY2605541, With Insulin Lispro)243926

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Pharmacodynamics (PD): Area Under the Concentration Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h) for Triglycerides

(NCT02152384)
Timeframe: Day 29, predose and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150,180,210,270, and 300 minutes (5 hours) post-breakfast

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Insulin Peglispro (LY2605541), With Insulin Lispro)6.85
Insulin Glargine (With Insulin Lispro)6.01

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve From Time Zero to Last Time (AUC [0 Tlast]) for Paracetamol

(NCT02152384)
Timeframe: Day 29: Pre-breakfast, and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150,180,210,270, and 300 minutes (5 hours) post-breakfast

Interventionng*hr/mL (Geometric Mean)
Insulin Peglispro (LY2605541, With Insulin Lispro)33400
Insulin Glargine (With Insulin Lispro)33600

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Under the Concentration Curve Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h) for Prandial Insulin Lispro

Abbreviation for hours times picomol per liter (pmol*h/L) (NCT02152384)
Timeframe: Day 29: Pre-breakfast, and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150,180,210,270, and 300 minutes (5 hours) post-breakfast

Interventionpmol*h/L (Geometric Mean)
Insulin Peglispro (LY2605541)850
Insulin Glargine852

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Appetite and Satiety Ratings, as Measured Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on Day 29

"VAS was scored from 0 - 100 millimeters (mm) as a perception of appetite and satiety (Flint et al. 2000), 0 being not hungry at all or nothing at all and 100 being extremely hungry and extremely large amount.~The questions are abbreviated in table from: How hungry do you feel right now? to Hunger and How much food do you think you could eat right now? to Food amount.~Day 29 and cumulative insulin lispro doses of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and 150 % of normal insulin lispro dose included.Scores were averaged will be presented and calculated by a sum of the scores dividing by the total by the number of scores reported for timepoints and reported in millimeters." (NCT02152384)
Timeframe: Day 29:Upon waking, pre-breakfast, 1 hour (hr), 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr and 5 hr post breakfast

,
Interventionmillimeters (mm) (Mean)
Day 29: Hunger, wakingDay 29: Hunger, 5 hours post breakfastDay 29: Food amount, wakingDay 29: Food amount, 5 hours post-breakfastOverall 25%: Hunger, wakingOverall 25%: Hunger, 5 hours post breakfastOverall 25%: Food amount, wakingOverall 25%: Food amount, 5 hours post-breakfastOverall 50%: Hunger, wakingOverall 50%: Hunger, 5 hours post breakfastOverall 50%: Food amount, wakingOverall 50%: Food amount, 5 hours post-breakfastOverall 75%: Hunger, wakingOverall 75%: Hunger, 5 hours post breakfastOverall 75%: Food amount, wakingOverall 75%: Food amount, 5 hours post-breakfastOverall 100%: Hunger, wakingOverall 100%: Hunger, 5 hours post breakfastOverall 100%: Food amount, wakingOverall 100%: Food amount, 5 hours post-breakfastOverall 150%: Hunger, wakingOverall 150%: Hunger, 5 hours post breakfastOverall 150%: Food amount, wakingOverall 150%: Food amount, 5 hours post-breakfast
Insulin Glargine (With Insulin Lispro)32.158.937.738.135.858.036.459.028.264.031.764.230.962.531.462.229.659.035.758.628.558.634.158.3
Insulin Peglispro (LY2605541, With Insulin Lispro)27.153.832.531.827.556.130.856.536.056.537.155.029.855.532.657.028.955.032.355.331.452.234.352.7

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Pharmacodynamics (PD): Average Glucose Infusion Rate From Euglycemic 2-step Hyperinsulinemic Clamp (M-value)

Abbreviation for micro mole per kilogram per minute (µmol/kg/min). Both arms received insulin lispro in addition to their respective study drug. During the euglycemic 2-step hyperinsulinemic clamp, both low and high insulin was infused sequentially during the same procedure. The 2-step clamp procedure allowed insulin sensitivity to be measured in participants and uses a lower dose of insulin of which the effect is largely on the liver and a high dose of insulin at which the effect has reached 100% on liver and effects are largely on glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. Measurements for average glucose infusion rate are collected for both steps (low and high) of the clamp procedure. (NCT02152384)
Timeframe: Day 35, last 60 minutes of euglycemic 2-step hyperinsulinemic clamp

,
Interventionµmol/kg/min (Mean)
High Dose InsulinLow Dose Insulin
Insulin Glargine (With Insulin Lispro)56.32118.765
Insulin Peglispro (LY2605541, With Insulin Lispro)52.75613.908

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Pharmacodynamics (PD): Plasma Glucose Area Under the Concentration Curve Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h), Above Pre Meal Baseline for Insulin Lispro

To quantitate the pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of a range of prandial insulin lispro doses after treatment with insulin peglispro (LY2605541) compared to insulin glargine during a meal tolerance test (MTT), with sequenced doses of insulin lispro ranging from 25% to 150% of each participant's normal dose. Data presented as hours times milligrams per deciliter (mg*h/dL) (NCT02152384)
Timeframe: Day 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, pre-breakfast and10,20,30,40,50,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270, 300 minutes (5 hours) post-breakfast

,
Interventionmg*h/dL (Mean)
25% Normal Dose50% Normal Dose75% Normal Dose100% Normal Dose150% Normal Dose
Insulin Glargine716.52506.22369.08307.81123.97
Insulin Peglispro (LY2605541)677.84572.96393.28270.46174.38

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline to End of Study

A change between two time points is reported. Time Frame: baseline and 12 weeks. (NCT02168491)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionweight in kg (Mean)
Lixisenatide With Basal Insulin (LixiBIT)-1.4

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG, Mean Over 2 Weeks)

"Patients will be instructed to record all insulin injections and a complete 7-point-blood glucose profile (fasting, 2h after breakfast, before lunch, 2h after lunch, before dinner, 2h after dinner, late before going to bed) during a one-week prestudy run-in period to confirm compliance and document current metabolic control and doses of premixed insulin.~Patients will be asked to record not only glucose profiles (at least 4 measurements per day) but also the occurrence of hypoglycemic symptoms or other adverse effects daily throughout the study.~During the last week of the study patients will be asked to again record a complete 7-point-blood glucose profile (fasting, 2h after breakfast, before lunch, 2h after lunch, before dinner, 2h after dinner, late before going to bed) and drug injections to confirm compliance and document metabolic control." (NCT02168491)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionglucose in mg/dl (Mean)
Lixisenatide With Basal Insulin (LixiBIT)-9

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to End

A change between two time points is reported. Time Frame: baseline and 12 weeks. (NCT02168491)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionHbA1c in percent (Mean)
Lixisenatide With Basal Insulin (LixiBIT)-0.54

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve Concentration Curve Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h) for Prandial Insulin Lispro

(NCT02197520)
Timeframe: Days 30 through 32:Pre-dose, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 minutes post-breakfast

Interventionpicomol*hour per liter (Mean)
Insulin Peglispro839
Insulin Glargine835

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Pharmacodynamics (PD): Plasma Glucose Area Under the Concentration Curve Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h), Above Pre Meal Baseline for Insulin Lispro

(NCT02197520)
Timeframe: Days 30 through 32:Pre-dose, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 minutes post-breakfast

,
Interventionmilligram*hour per deciliter (Mean)
10% Insulin Lispro Dose20% Insulin Lispro Dose30% Insulin Lispro Dose
Insulin Glargine398.26343.54239.83
Insulin Peglispro437.78334.23244.68

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Pharmacodynamics (PD): Average Glucose Infusion Rate From Euglycemic 2-step Hyperinsulinemic Clamp (M-value)

During the euglycemic 2-step hyperinsulinemic clamp, both low and high insulin was infused sequentially during the same procedure. The 2-step clamp procedure allowed insulin sensitivity to be measured in participants and uses a lower dose of insulin of which the effect is largely on the liver and a high dose of insulin at which the effect has reached 100% on liver and effects are largely on glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. Measurements for average glucose infusion rate are collected for both steps (low and high) of the clamp procedure. (NCT02197520)
Timeframe: Day 33, last 30 minutes (final step) of euglycemic 2-step hyperinsulinemic clamp

,
Interventionmilligram*hour per deciliter (Mean)
High Dose InsulinLow Dose Insulin
Insulin Glargine55.5219.67
Insulin Peglispro59.0917.22

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve Zero Through 5 Hours (AUC 0-5h) for Acetaminophen

(NCT02197520)
Timeframe: Day 29:Pre-dose, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 minutes post-breakfast

Interventionnanograms*hour per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Insulin Peglispro33700
Insulin Glargine35700

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Appetite and Satiety Ratings, as Measured Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on Day 29

"VAS was scored from 0 - 100 millimeters (mm) as a perception of appetite and satiety (Flint et al. 2000), 0 being not hungry at all or nothing at all and 100 being extremely hungry and extremely large amount.~The questions are abbreviated in table from: How hungry do you feel right now? to Hunger and How much food do you think you could eat right now? to Food amount. Scores were averaged and will be presented and calculated by a sum of the scores dividing by the total by the number of scores reported for timepoints." (NCT02197520)
Timeframe: Day 29:Upon waking, pre-breakfast, 1 hour (hr), 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr and 5 hr post breakfast

,
Interventionmillimeters (Mean)
Hunger: WakingFood amount: WakingHunger: Pre-breakfastFood amount: Pre-breakfastHunger: 1 hour Post-breakfastFood amount: 1 hour Post-breakfastHunger: 2 hour Post-breakfastFood amount: 2 hour Post-breakfastHunger:3 hour Post-breakfastFood amount: 3 hour Post-breakfastHunger: 4 hour Post-breakfastFood amount: 4 hour Post-breakfastHunger: 5 hour Post-breakfastFood amount: 5 hour Post-breakfast
Insulin Glargine38.634.451.451.56.26.014.916.329.231.148.048.555.553.4
Insulin Peglispro25.730.241.543.97.88.719.720.734.835.646.648.256.857.5

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Change in Cross-reactive Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Mylan's Insulin Glargine Assay Over Time

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks

,
Intervention%SB (Mean)
week 24week 52
Lantus®0.27-1.21
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-0.363-1.132

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Change in Cross-reactive Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Lantus Assay Over Time

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks

,
Intervention%SB (Mean)
week 24week 52
Lantus®0.055-1.367
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-0.265-1.060

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Change From Baseline in FPG Over Time

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
week 24week 52
Lantus®0.090.43
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-0.810.23

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Change From Baseline in 8-point SMBG Profile Over Time

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
week 24week 52
Lantus®-0.095-0.082
Mylan's Insulin Glargine0.038-0.082

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 24 Weeks

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine0.14
Lantus®0.11

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Summary of Actual and Change From Baseline in HbA1c

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks

,
Interventionpercent (Mean)
week 24week 52
Lantus®0.090.25
Mylan's Insulin Glargine0.120.2

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Hypoglycemia Occurrence

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

,
InterventionNumber of patients (Number)
Any hypoglycemic eventSevere hypoglycemiaDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemiaAsymptomatic hypoglycemiaProbable symptomatic hypoglycemiaRelative hypoglycemiaOther hypoglycemiaUnknown
Lantus®2691324924336441971
Mylan's Insulin Glargine2731124924637351977

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Change in Total Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Mylan's Insulin Glargine Assay Over Time

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks

,
Intervention%SB (Mean)
week 24week 52
Lantus®0.3592-1.0634
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-0.3063-0.9591

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Change in Total Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Lantus Assay Over Time

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks

,
Intervention%SB (Mean)
week 24week 52
Lantus®0.157-1.233
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-0.215-0.896

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Change in Total Daily Insulin Dose Per Unit Body Weight From Baseline Over Time

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks

,
InterventionU/Kg (Mean)
week 24week 52
Lantus®0.01270.0138
Mylan's Insulin Glargine0.02030.0278

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Occurrence of Local and Systematic Reactions

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

,
InterventionNumber of patients (Number)
LocalSystemic
Lantus®42
Mylan's Insulin Glargine32

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Proportion of Patients With HbA1c < 7%

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
week 24week 52
Lantus®8461
Mylan's Insulin Glargine7365

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Rate of Hypoglycemic Events Per 30 Days Over Time

(NCT02227862)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks

,
InterventionEpisodes/30 Days (Mean)
week 24week 52
Lantus®-4.93-5.765
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-5.162-6.241

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Change in Cross-Reactive Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Lantus Assay Over Time

Comparison of change from Baseline in Immunogenicity (NCT02227875)
Timeframe: Week 12 and week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of SB (Mean)
week 12week 24
Lantus®0.50140.8361
Mylan's Insulin Glargine1.59941.5648

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Change in Cross-Reactive Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Mylan's Insulin Glargine Assay Over Time

Comparison of change from Baseline in Immunogenicity (NCT02227875)
Timeframe: week 12 and week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of SB (Mean)
week 12week 24
Lantus®0.51160.7524
Mylan's Insulin Glargine1.74881.6301

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Hypoglycemia Occurrence

Overall hypoglycemic incidence during treatment period (NCT02227875)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
Interventionnumber of events (Number)
Any hypoglycemic eventSevere HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic HypoglycemiaRelative HypoglycemiaUnknown
Lantus®1361769241125
Mylan's Insulin Glargine1300758572029

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Change in Total Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Lantus Assay Over Time

Comparison of change from Baseline in Immunogenicity (NCT02227875)
Timeframe: week 12 and week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of SB (Mean)
week 12week 24
Lantus®0.64620.8212
Mylan's Insulin Glargine1.7871.6866

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Rate of Hypoglycemic Events Per 30 Days

The change from baseline at 12 and 24 weeks is reported (NCT02227875)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 24 weeks

,
InterventionEpisodes/30 Days (Mean)
week 12week 24
Lantus®0.24-0.102
Mylan's Insulin Glargine0.341-0.057

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Change in Total Insulin Antibody Percent Binding for Mylan's Insulin Glargine Assay Over Time

Comparison of change from Baseline in Immunogenicity (NCT02227875)
Timeframe: Week 12 and week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of specific binding (SB) (Mean)
week 12week 24
Lantus®0.65850.7838
Mylan's Insulin Glargine1.92381.7802

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to 24 Weeks

(NCT02227875)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-0.6
Lantus®-0.66

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Number of Participants With Daytime and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia

Daytime hypoglycemia was defined as hypoglycemic events with an onset between 06:00 hours and 00:00 hours (inclusive), and nocturnal hypoglycemia (in total and by category), defined as hypoglycemic events with an onset between 00:01 hours and 05:59 hours (inclusive). Number of participants with daytime and nocturnal hypoglycemia (in total and by category) are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Any (Total) Daytime Hypoglycemic EventAny (Total) Nocturnal Hypoglycemic EventSevere Daytime Hypoglycemic EventSevere Nocturnal Hypoglycemic EventDocumented Symptomatic Daytime Hypoglycemic eventDocumented Symptomatic Nocturnal HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic Daytime Hypoglycemic eventAsymptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycemic eventProbably Symptomatic Daytime Hypoglycemic eventProbably Symptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycemic eventPseudohypoglycemia Daytime Hypoglycemic eventPseudohypoglycemia Nocturnal Hypoglycemic eventMissing Daytime Hypoglycemic EventMising Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Event
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine2881556418710121777227361792
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine35622514629315228110644217034114

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Number of Participants With Different Number of Erythrocytes in Urine at Week 0 and Week 26

Urine samples were collected for analysis of erythrocyte count. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. Number of participants with different number of erythrocytes in urine at Week 0 and Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
None Seen; Week 0, n=171,1870 to 1; Week 0, n=171,1871 to 3; Week 0, n=171,1873 to 5; Week 0, n=171,1875 to 10; Week 0, n=171,18710 to 15; Week 0, n=171,18715 to 25; Week 0, n=171,18750 to 100; Week 0, n=171,187>100; Week 0, n=171,187None Seen; Week 26, n=166,1440 to 1; Week 26, n=166,1441 to 3; Week 26, n=166,1443 to 5; Week 26, n=166,1445 to 10; Week 26, n=166,14425 to 50; Week 26, n=166,14450 to 100; Week 26, n=166,144>100; Week 26, n=166,144
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine1193493202029848844121
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine1015114124211179361934201

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Number of Participants With Different Number of Leukocytes in Urine at Week 0 and Week 26

Urine samples were collected for analysis of leukocyte count. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. Number of participants with different number of leukocytes in urine at Week 0 and Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
None Seen; Week 0, n=171,1870 to 1; Week 0, n=171,1871 to 3; Week 0, n=171,1873 to 5; Week 0, n=171,1875 to 10; Week 0, n=171,18710 to 15; Week 0, n=171,18715 to 25; Week 0, n=171,18725 to 50; Week 0, n=171,18750 to 100; Week 0, n=171,187>100; Week 0, n=171,187Innumerable; Week 0, n=171,187None Seen; Week 26, n=166,1440 to 1; Week 26, n=166,1441 to 3; Week 26, n=166,1443 to 5; Week 26, n=166,1445 to 10; Week 26, n=166,14410 to 15; Week 26, n=166,14415 to 25; Week 26, n=166,14420 to 50; Week 26, n=166,14425 to 50; Week 26, n=166,14450 to 100; Week 26, n=166,144>100; Week 26, n=166,144Innumerable; Week 26, n=166,144
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine692720161775514065252210228305510
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine67311813196111173144292015145316511

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Number of Participants With Different Values of Potential of Hydrogen (pH) at Week 0 and Week 26

Urine pH is an acid-base measurement. pH is measured on a numeric scale ranging from 0 to 14; values on the scale refer to the degree of alkalinity or acidity. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic. Normal urine has a slightly acid pH (5.0 - 6.0). Safety Population was analyzed. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
pH=5; Week 0, n=388,402pH=5.5; Week 0, n=388,402pH=6; Week 0, n=388,402pH=6.5; Week 0, n=388,402pH=7; Week 0, n=388,402pH=7.5; Week 0, n=388,402pH=8; Week 0, n=388,402pH=8.5; Week 0, n=388,402pH=5; Week 26, n=347,343pH=5.5; Week 26, n=347,343pH=6; Week 26, n=347,343pH=6.5; Week 26, n=347,343pH=7; Week 26, n=347,343pH=7.5; Week 26, n=347,343pH=8; Week 26, n=347,343pH=8.5; Week 26, n=347,343pH>9; Week 26, n=347,343
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine9213286292913618010769421917751
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine107132774324117110010470232318500

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Number of Participants With Hematology Values of Clinical Concern

Hematology parameters included basophils, eosinophils, hematocrit, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, neutrophil bands, platelets, red blood cell (RBC) count, segmented neutrophils and white blood cell (WBC) count. The potential clinical concern values were: Hematocrit >0.05 below lower limit of normal (LLN) and >0.04 above upper limit of normal (ULN), hemoglobin: >20 grams cells per Liter (g/L) below LLN and >10 g/L above ULN, lymphocytes: <0.5 x LLN, neutrophils: <1 giga cells per liter (GI/L), platelets: <80 GI/L and >500 GI/L, segmented neutrophils: <0.5 x LLN, RBC count: >1 GI/L below LLN and >5 GI/L above ULN and none for basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophil bands and RBC count. Only those parameters for which at least one value of potential clinical concern was reported are summarized. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Hematocrit: >0.05 (fraction) below LLNHematocrit: >0.04 (fraction) above ULNHemoglobin: >20 g/L below LLNHemoglobin: >10 g/L above ULNLeukocytes: >1 GI/L below LLNLeukocytes: >5 GI/L above ULNNeutrophils: <1 GI/LNeutrophils, Segmented: <0.5 x LLNPlatelets: <80 GI/LPlatelets: >500 GI/L
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine5992142213
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine61293113311

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Number of Participants With Hypoglycemic Events (in Total and by Each Category as Defined by the American Diabetes Association Criteria)

The American Diabetes Association has categorized hypoglycemic events as follows: Severe, documented symptomatic, asymptomatic, probably symptomatic and pseudohypoglycemia. Number of participants with hypoglycemic events in total are also presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
SevereDocumented SymptomaticAsymptomaticProbably SymptomaticPseudohypoglycemiaMissingTotal
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine920323029459305
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine22299293528313361

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Number of Participants With On-therapy Adverse Events (AE) and Serious AE (SAE), and AE Leading to Discontinuation of Randomized Study Medication

AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with use of medicinal product (MP), whether or not considered related to MP. AE can be any unfavorable, unintended sign (also an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new/exacerbated) temporally associated with use of MP. SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or is medically significant or all events of possible drug induced liver injury with hyperbilirubinemia. Safety Population: All participants who received at least 1 dose of randomized study medication. A participant randomized to Albiglutide + Insulin glargine by mistake received Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine instead. Since this participant received actual treatment as Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine, was summarized as such in Safety Population. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
AESAEAE leading to study medication discontinuation
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine2612312
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine254316

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Number of Participants With Other AE of Special Interest

AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with use of a MP, whether or not considered related to MP. AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with use of MP. AE of special interest included hypoglycemic events, cardiovascular events, gastrointestinal events, injection site reactions, potential systemic allergic reactions, pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, malignant neoplasms following treatment with insulin, diabetic retinopathy events, appendicitis, liver events, pneumonia, and atrial fibrillation/flutter. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Hypoglycemic EventsCardiovascular EventsGastrointestinal EventsInjection Site ReactionsSystemic Allergic ReactionsPancreatitisPancreatic cancerMalignant NeoplasmDiabetic RetinopathyAppendicitisLiver EventsPneumoniaAtrial Fibrillation/Flutter
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine30571028310241014
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine36195310002170231

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Number of Participants With Vital Signs of Clinical Concern

Vital signs included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse rate values. Assessment of vitals were performed with the participant in a semi recumbent or seated position having rested in this position for at least 5 minutes before each reading. The potential clinical concern values were: SBP: <100 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and >170 mmHg, DBP: <50 mmHg and >110 mmHg and pulse rate: <50 beats per minute (bpm) and > 120 bpm. Number of participants with vital signs of clinical concern are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
SBP: < 100 mmHgSBP: > 170 mmHgDBP: < 50 mmHgDBP: > 110 mmHgPulse Rate: < 50 bpmPulse Rate: > 120 bpm
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine21271143
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine20304591

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Percentage of Participants With Events of Hypoglycemia With Confirmed Home Blood Glucose Monitoring and/or Third-party Intervention Through Week 26

Hypoglycemic events with confirmed home plasma glucose monitoring <3.9 millimoles per Liter and/or requiring third party intervention were severe, documented symptomatic (DS) and asymptomatic hypoglycemic events. Participants with more than one hypoglycemic event are counted in all categories reported. Any severe, documented symptomatic, and asymptomatic hypoglycemic events in 3-month intervals (i.e., from Day 0 to Week 12, >Week 12 to Week 26) are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Any event: Onset date falls under 0 to <= 12 weeksAny event: Onset date falls > 12 to <= 26 WeeksSevere: Onset date falls under 0 to <= 12 weeksSevere: Onset date falls > 12 to <= 26 WeeksDS: Onset date falls under 0 to <= 12 weeksDS: Onset date falls > 12 to <= 26 WeeksAsymptomatic: Onset date under 0 to <= 12 weeksAsymptomatic: Onset date falls > 12 to <= 26 Weeks
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine55.360.31.80.833.840.838.344.3
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine79.279.43.61.963.062.056.954.7

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Total Daily Basal Insulin (Insulin Glargine) at Week 4, 10, 18, and 26 Visits

Based on MMRM model, prescribed total daily basal insulin dose was equal to Baseline prescribed total daily basal insulin dose + treatment + Baseline HbA1c category + region + age category + current use of metformin + visit week + treatment-by-visit week interaction + Baseline prescribed total daily basal insulin dose-by-visit week interaction. Total daily basal insulin (insulin glargine) at Week 4, 10, 18, and 26 visits is presented. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 10, 18, and 26

,
InterventionInternational Units (Least Squares Mean)
Week 4, n=388,403Week 10, n=375,386Week 18, n=359,361Week 26, n=342,341
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine49.9756.1459.4259.83
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine50.9455.7959.1859.43

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Total Daily Bolus Insulin (Insulin Lispro) at Week 4, 10, 18, and 26 Visits

Based on MMRM model, prescribed total daily basal insulin dose was equal to Baseline prescribed total daily basal insulin dose + treatment + Baseline HbA1c category + region + age category + current use of metformin + visit week + treatment-by-visit week interaction + Baseline prescribed total daily basal insulin dose-by-visit week interaction. Total daily bolus insulin (insulin lispro) at Week 4, 10, 18, and 26 visits is presented. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 10, 18, and 26

,
InterventionInternational Units (Least Squares Mean)
Week 4, n=388,403Week 10, n=375,386Week 18, n=359,361Week 26, n=342,341
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine0.621.908.8910.64
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine56.6766.6671.8172.47

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Total Daily Insulin Dose at Week 4, Week 10 and Week 18

Based on MMRM model, prescribed total daily basal insulin dose was equal to Baseline prescribed total daily basal insulin dose + treatment + Baseline HbA1c category + region + age category + current use of metformin + visit week + treatment-by-visit week interaction + Baseline prescribed total daily basal insulin dose-by-visit week interaction. Total daily insulin dose at Week 4, Week 10 and Week 18 is presented. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 10, and 18

,
InterventionInternational Units (Least Squares Mean)
Week 4, n=388,403Week 10, n=375,386Week 18, n=359,361
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine50.5357.9968.23
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine106.91121.69130.22

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Total Number of Weekly Insulin Injections to Achieve Glycemic Control at Baseline/Randomization and Week 4, 10, 18, and 26

Total number of weekly insulin injections (7 days) to achieve glycemic control at Baseline/Randomization and Week 4, 10, 18, and 26 are presented. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in category titles. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Weeks 4, 10, 18 and 26

,
InterventionInsulin Injections (Mean)
Baseline, n=401,412Week 4, n=388,403Week 10, n=375,386Week 18, n=359,361Week 26, n=342,341
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine28.798.119.0612.6213.22
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine28.0028.0028.0028.0028.00

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Number of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% up to Week 26

HbA1c is glycosylated hemoglobin. Number of participants achieving a HbA1c <7.0% up to Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Week 4Week 5Week 10Week 18Week 26
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine142157220251244
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine139182261281255

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Mean Albumin at Week 0 and Week 26

Urine samples were collected for analysis of albumin. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. Mean albumin at Week 0 and Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 26

,
InterventionMilligrams per Liter (Mean)
Week 0, n=394,405Week 26, n=348,345
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine127.7110.5
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine108.2146.3

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26

Body weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kilogram on a standard calibrated scale. Participants dressed in light indoor clothes (no coat, jacket, etc.) without shoes and with a voided bladder. The same equipment was used wherever possible. The Baseline value was the last available non-missing value prior to the first dose of the randomized treatment, thus Baseline was Day -1. Change from Baseline is defined as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Week 26

InterventionKilograms (Least Squares Mean)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine-1.95
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine2.43

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 26

FPG was measured at Baseline (Day -1). FPG values for all participants at Week 26 were not collected due to an error in the protocol and were imputed with the fasting serum glucose (FSG) values at this time point. The imputation of the FPG at Week 26 from the FSG values was deemed acceptable from the results of the analysis of the correlation between FPG and FSG at the screening visit. The Baseline value was the last available non-missing value prior to the first dose of the randomized treatment, thus Baseline was Day -1. Change from Baseline is defined as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

InterventionMillimoles per Liter (Least Squares Mean)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine-2.01
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine-1.46

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26

HbA1c is glycosylated hemoglobin. It was measured at Baseline and at Week 26. The analysis was conducted using mixed-effect model with repeated measures (MMRM). The model included HbA1c change from Baseline as the dependent variable; treatment, region, age category, current metformin use, visit week, treatment-by-week interaction, and Baseline HbA1c-by-week interaction as fixed effects; Baseline HbA1c as a continuous covariate; and participant as a random effect. The Baseline value was the last available non-missing value prior to the first dose of the randomized treatment, thus Baseline was Day -1. Change from Baseline is defined as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Week 26

InterventionPercentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine-1.04
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine-1.10

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Number of Participants Achieving a HbA1c <6.5% at Week 26

Number of participants achieving a HbA1c <6.5% at Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine147
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine169

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Number of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% at Week 26

HbA1c is glycosylated hemoglobin. Number of participants achieving a HbA1c <7.0% at Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine244
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine255

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Number of Participants Treated With Once-weekly Albiglutide That Were Able to Discontinue Insulin Lispro at Week 4 and Did Not Meet Prespecified Criteria for Severe, Persistent Hyperglycemia Through Week 26

Participants who did not meet prespecified criteria for severe, persistent hyperglycemia through Week 26 were those participants treated with once-weekly albiglutide that were able to replace prandial insulin without lispro re-introduction through Week 26. Number of participants treated with once-weekly albiglutide that were able to discontinue insulin lispro at Week 4 and did not meet prespecified criteria for severe, persistent hyperglycemia through Week 26 have been presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine218

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Number of Participants Who Met Prespecified Criteria for Severe, Persistent Hyperglycemia at Week 26

Meeting prespecified criteria for severe, persistent hyperglycemia was defined operationally as being withdrawn due to lack of efficacy as recorded on the Treatment Discontinuation and Study Conclusion electronic case report form pages. Number of participants who met prespecified criteria for severe, persistent hyperglycemia at Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine3
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine3

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Number of Participants With Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <56 Milligrams Per Deciliter (mg/dL) (<3.1 Millimoles Per Liter [mmol/L]), Regardless of Symptoms

Number of participants with hypoglycemia with blood glucose <56 mg/dL (<3.1 mmol/L), regardless of symptoms are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine141
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine239

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Severe or Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia at Week 26

Percentage of participants achieving HbA1c <7.0% without severe or documented symptomatic hypoglycemia are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine21.1
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine9.5

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Weight Gain and Without Severe or Documented Hypoglycemia at Week 26

Percentage of participants achieving HbA1c <7.0% without weight gain and without severe or documented hypoglycemia are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine15.9
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine3.9

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Weight Gain at Week 26

Percentage of participants achieving HbA1c <7.0% without weight gain are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine49.8
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine21.4

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Percentage of Participants With Severe or Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Through Week 26

Severe hypoglycemia was considered as an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrates, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. Plasma glucose concentrations may not be available during an event, but neurological recovery following the return of plasma glucose to normal was considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by a low plasma glucose concentration. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration <=70 milligrams per deciliters (mg/dL) (<=3.9 millimoles per liters [mmol/L]). (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine57.2
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine75.0

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Total Daily Insulin Dose at Week 26

Insulin dose at Week 26 was defined as the prescribed insulin dose at Week 25. Based on MMRM model, prescribed total daily basal insulin dose was equal to Baseline prescribed total daily basal insulin dose + treatment + Baseline HbA1c category + region + age category + current use of metformin + visit week + treatment-by-visit week interaction + Baseline prescribed total daily basal insulin dose-by-visit week interaction. Total daily insulin dose at Week 26 is presented. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionInternational Units (Least Squares Mean)
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine70.36
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine131.19

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Change From Baseline in Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-c), Triglycerides (TG) and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) at Week 10 and Week 26

Lipid parameters included TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, TG and FFA. The Baseline value was the last available non-missing value prior to the first dose of the randomized treatment, thus Baseline was Day -1. Change from Baseline is defined as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. LDL-c and FFA were collected as part of the lipid panel and results were reviewed by investigators for individual participants. Change from Baseline at Week 10 and Week 26 was not assessed for these parameters. Analysis of these parameters was not a specific study objective and would not have any impact on study conclusions. Only those parameters with data values have been presented. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 10 and Week 26

,
InterventionMillimoles per Liters (Mean)
TC: Week 10, n=376,393TC: Week 26, n=348,351HDL-c: Week 10, n=376,393HDL-c: Week 26, n=348,351TG: Week 10, n=376,393TG: Week 26, n=348,351
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine-0.244-0.059-0.041-0.013-0.0390.025
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine0.0410.0730.0160.005-0.065-0.028

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Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Body Weight

Body weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kilogram on a standard calibrated scale. Participants dressed in light indoor clothes (no coat, jacket, etc.) without shoes and with a voided bladder. The same equipment was used wherever possible. The Baseline value was the last available non-missing value prior to the first dose of the randomized treatment, thus Baseline was Day -1. Change from Baseline is defined as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Change from Baseline to Week 26 in body weight are presented. FA Population was analyzed. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) to Week 26

,
InterventionKilograms (Least Squares Mean)
Week 4, n=368,384Week 5, n=382,393Week 10, n=379,397Week 18, n=365,372Week 26, n=349,352
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine-0.55-0.95-1.71-1.96-1.95
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine0.660.851.462.062.43

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Change From Baseline to Week 26 in FPG

FPG was measured at Baseline (Day -1) up to Week 26. FPG values for all participants at Week 26 were not collected due to an error in the protocol and were imputed with the FSG values at this time point. The imputation of the FPG at Week 26 from the FSG values was deemed acceptable from the results of the analysis of the correlation between FPG and FSG at the screening visit. The Baseline value was the last available non-missing value prior to the first dose of the randomized treatment, thus Baseline was Day -1. Change from Baseline is defined as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

,
InterventionMillimoles per Liter (Least Squares Mean)
Week 4, n=356,371Week 5, n=366,388Week 18, n=348,353Week 26, n=345,349
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine-1.30-1.07-1.76-2.01
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine-0.76-0.88-1.23-1.46

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Change From Baseline to Week 26 in HbA1c

HbA1c is glycosylated hemoglobin and was measured up to Week 26. The Baseline value was the last available non-missing value prior to the first dose of the randomized treatment, thus Baseline was Day -1. Change from Baseline is defined as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

,
InterventionPercentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Week 4, n=358,375Week 5, n=374,392Week 10, n=376,390Week 18, n=360,365Week 26, n=345,350
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine-0.59-0.67-0.88-1.04-1.04
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine-0.47-0.58-0.96-1.14-1.1

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Mean Creatinine at Week 0 and Week 26

Urine samples were collected for analysis of creatinine. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. Mean creatinine at Week 0 and Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 26

,
InterventionMicromoles per Liter (Mean)
Week 0, n=395,406Week 26, n=350,345
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine10646.311364.6
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine10663.811394.2

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Mean Specific Gravity at Week 0 and Week 26

Urine specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine and provides information on the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. The concentration of the excreted molecules determines the urine's specific gravity. A urinary specific gravity measurement is a routine part of urinalysis. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 26

,
InterventionRatio (Mean)
Week 0, n=388,402Week 26, n=347,343
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine1.01821.0180
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine1.01801.0186

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Mean Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio at Week 0 and Week 26

Urine samples were collected for analysis of albumin/creatinine ratio. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed represented by n=X,X in the category titles. Mean urine albumin/creatinine ratio at Week 0 and Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 26

,
InterventionGrams per mole (Mean)
Week 0, n=369,376Week 26, n=317,324
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine14.4010.37
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine11.5711.55

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Number of Participants Achieving a HbA1c <6.5% up to Week 26

Number of participants achieving a HbA1c <6.5% up to Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Week 4Week 5Week 10Week 18Week 26
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine3963116150147
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine3362140178169

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Number of Participants Meeting Prespecified Criteria for Severe, Persistent Hyperglycemia up to Week 26

Meeting prespecified criteria for severe, persistent hyperglycemia was defined operationally as being withdrawn due to lack of efficacy as recorded on the Treatment Discontinuation and Study Conclusion electronic case report form pages. Number of participants meeting prespecified criteria for severe, persistent hyperglycemia up to Week 26 are presented. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
0 to <=4 Weeks>4 to <=5 Weeks>5 to <=10 Weeks>10 to <=18 Weeks>18 to <=26 Weeks
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine00201
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine00012

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Number of Participants With Clinical Chemistry Values of Clinical Concern

Clinical chemistry parameters and their potential clinical concern values were: albumin (>5 g/L above ULN or below LLN), alkaline phosphatase(>3 x ULN), alanine aminotransferase (>3 x ULN), aspartate aminotransferase (>3 x ULN), carbon dioxide content (<16 millimoles per Liter [mmol/L] and > 40 mmol/L), blood urea nitrogen (>2 x ULN), calcium (<1.8 mmol/L and >3.0 mmol/L), chloride (none), creatinine (>159 micromoles/Liter), direct bilirubin (>1.35 x ULN), gamma glutamyl transferase (>3 x ULN), glucose (fasting) (<3 mmol/L and >22 mmol/L), magnesium (<0.411 mmol/L and >1.644 mmol/L), phosphate (>0.323 mmol/L above ULN or below LLN), potassium (>0.5 mmol/L below LLN and >1.0 mmol/L above ULN), sodium (>5 mmol/L above ULN or below LLN), triglycerides (> 9.04 mmol/L), total bilirubin (>1.5 x ULN), total protein (>15 g/L above ULN or below LLN) and uric acid (>654 umol/L). Only those parameters for which at least one value of potential clinical concern was reported are summarized. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Fasting Serum Glucose: <3 mmol/L, n= 394,405Fasting Serum Glucose: >22 mmol/L, n= 394,405Fasting Plasma Glucose: <3 mmol/L, n= 388,406Fasting Plasma Glucose: >22 mmol/L, n= 388,406Albumin: >5 g/L below LLN, n=394,407Albumin: >5 g/L above ULN, n=394,407Calcium: <1.8 mmol/L, n=394,407Calcium: >3.0 mmol/L, n=394,407Carbon Dioxide: <16 mmol/L, n=394,407Carbon Dioxide: >40 mmol/L, n=394,407Magnesium: <0.411 mmol/L, n=394,407Magnesium: >1.644 mmol/L, n=394,407Phosphate: >0.323 mmol/L below LLN, n=394,407Phosphate: >0.323 mmol/L above ULN, n=394,407Potassium: >0.5 mmol/L below LLN, n=394,407Potassium: >1.0 mmol/L above ULN, n=394,407Protein: >15 g/L below LLN, n=394,407Protein: >15 g/L above ULN, n=394,407Sodium: >5 mmol/L below LLN, n=394,407Sodium: >5 mmol/L above ULN, n=394,407Triglycerides: >9.04 mmol/L, n=393,405Urate: >654 μmol/L, n=394,407Urea: >2 x ULN, n=394,407Alanine Aminotransferase: >3 x ULN, n=396,410Alkaline Phosphatase: >3 x ULN, n=396,410Aspartate Aminotransferase: >3 x ULN, n=396,410Bilirubin: >1.5 x ULN, n=396,410Creatinine: >159 μmol/L, n=396,410Direct Bilirubin: >1.35 x ULN, n=396,410Gamma Glutamyl Transferase: >3 x ULN, n=396,410
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine120910010501002100011702010120014
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine1611400010801004010000121502116114

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Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Change in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameters

A single 12-lead ECG recordings were performed in a participant in semi recumbent position for 10 to 15 minutes before obtaining the ECG. Any clinically significant favorable and unfavorable findings are reported. (NCT02229227)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Clinically Significant Change: FavorableClinically Significant Change: Unfavorable
Albiglutide + Insulin Glargine184
Insulin Lispro + Insulin Glargine95

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Percentage of Participants With Hypersensitivity Reactions and Injection Site Reactions

Percentage of participants with hypersensitivity reactions and injection site reactions were reported. (NCT02273180)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (maximum treatment exposure: 400 days)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypersensitivity reactionsAny injection site reactions
Humalog6.31.2
SAR34243461.2

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Number of Hypoglycemia Events (Any Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia and Severe Hypoglycemia) Per Participant-Year

Number of treatment-emergent hypoglycemia events per participant-year of exposure were reported. Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Hypoglycemic episodes with plasma glucose of 54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L) were also analyzed. (NCT02273180)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (maximum treatment exposure: 400 days)

,
Interventionevents per participant-year (Number)
Any hypoglycemiaSevere hypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (<=3.9 mmol/L)Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (<3.0 mmol/L)
Humalog92.70.2831.376.85
SAR34243490.710.7329.366.29

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Change in Post Prandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) Excursion From Baseline to Week 26

Plasma glucose excursions were calculated at breakfast, lunch and dinner for each 7-point SMPG profile, as 2-hour PPG minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to start of the meal. Values of plasma glucose excursions at each visit were then calculated as average across the profiles performed in the week before the visit. Change in PPG excursions was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted least squares means and standard errors were obtained from a MMRM to account for missing data, using all post-baseline data available during the main 6-month period and adequate contrasts at Week 26. (NCT02273180)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
At breakfastAt lunchAt dinner
Humalog0.19-0.260.56
SAR342434-0.460.140.48

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Change in Daily Insulin Dose From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52

Change in daily insulin dose (basal, mealtime and total) was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 and Week 52 values respectively. (NCT02273180)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26, Week 52

,
InterventionU/kg (Mean)
Basal insulin dose at Week 26Mealtime insulin dose at Week 26Total insulin dose at Week 26Basal insulin dose at Week 52Mealtime insulin dose at Week 52Total insulin dose at Week 52
Humalog0.014-0.0050.010.0130.0070.019
SAR3424340.030.0050.0190.0460.0180.039

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent Anti-insulin Antibodies (AIAs)

Participants with treatment-emergent AIA (incidence) were reported (as participants with treatment-boosted or treatment-induced AIAs). Participants with treatment-induced AIAs were those who developed AIA following IMP administration (participants with at least one positive AIA sample at any time during on-treatment period, in those participants without pre-existing AIA or with missing baseline sample). Participants with treatment-boosted AIAs were those with pre-existing AIAs that were boosted to a significant higher titer following IMP administration (participants with at least one AIA sample with at least a 4-fold increase in titers compared to baseline value at any time during on-treatment period, in those participants with pre-existing AIA). (NCT02273180)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (maximum treatment exposure: 400 days)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
SAR34243422.6
Humalog24.2

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% at Week 26

Participants who had no available assessment for HbA1c at Week 26 were considered as non-responders. (NCT02273180)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
SAR34243422.5
Humalog21.7

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Change in Mean 24-Hour Plasma Glucose Concentration From Baseline to Week 26

Mean 24-hour plasma glucose concentration was calculated based on 7-point self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) profiles with plasma glucose measurements before and 2-hours after each main meal and at bedtime. Mean 24-hour plasma glucose concentration was calculated for each profile and then averaged across profiles performed in week before a visit. Change in mean 24-hour plasma glucose concentration was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted least squares means and standard errors were obtained from a MMRM to account for missing data, using all post-baseline data available during the main 6-month period and adequate contrasts at Week 26. (NCT02273180)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
SAR342434-0.23
Humalog-0.49

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 26

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted least squares means and standard errors were obtained from a MMRM approach to account for missing data, using all post-baseline FPG data available during the main 6-month period and adequate contrasts at Week 26. (NCT02273180)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
SAR342434-0.46
Humalog-0.62

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted least square means and standard errors were obtained from a mixed-effect model with repeated measures (MMRM) to account for missing data, using all post-baseline HbA1c data available during the main 6-month period and adequate contrasts at Week 26. (NCT02273180)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
SAR342434-0.42
Humalog-0.47

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and <=6.5% at Week 26

Participants who had no available assessment for HbA1c at Week 26 were considered as non-responders. (NCT02294474)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.0%HbA1c<=6.5%
Humalog40.524.2
SAR34243442.327.3

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Change in Daily Insulin Dose From Baseline to Week 26

Change in daily insulin dose (basal, mealtime and total) was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. (NCT02294474)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
InterventionU/kg (Mean)
Basal insulinMealtime insulinTotal insulin
Humalog0.0710.080.151
SAR3424340.0820.0870.172

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Change in Post Prandial Glucose (PPG) Excursion From Baseline to Week 26

Plasma glucose excursions were calculated at breakfast, lunch and dinner for each 7-point SMPG profile, as 2-hour postprandial glucose (PPG) minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to start of the meal. Values of plasma glucose excursions at each visit were then calculated as average across the profiles performed in the week before the visit. Change in PPG excursions was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted least squares means and standard errors were obtained from a MMRM to account for missing data, using all post-baseline data available during the 6-month period and adequate contrasts at Week 26. (NCT02294474)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
At breakfastAt lunchAt dinner
Humalog-0.230.11-0.1
SAR342434-0.720.060.11

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Change in Mean 24-Hour Plasma Glucose Concentration From Baseline to Week 26

The mean 24-hour plasma glucose concentration was calculated based on 7-point self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) profiles with plasma glucose measurements before and 2-hours after each main meal and at bedtime. 7-point SMPGs were performed at least two times in a week before baseline, before visit Week 12 and before visit Week 26. Mean 24-hour plasma glucose concentration was calculated for each profile and then averaged across profiles performed in the week before a visit. Change in mean 24-hour plasma glucose concentration was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted least squares means and standard errors were obtained from a MMRM to account for missing data, using all post-baseline data available during 6-month period and adequate contrasts at Week 26. (NCT02294474)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
SAR342434-1
Humalog-0.91

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Percentage of Participants With Hypersensitivity Reactions and Injection Site Reactions

Percentage of participants with hypersensitivity reactions and injection site reactions were reported. (NCT02294474)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (maximum treatment exposure: 210 days)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypersensitivity reactionsAny injection site reactions
Humalog3.61.6
SAR34243440.4

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (Any Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia and Severe Hypoglycemia)

Percentage of participants with at least one treatment emergent hypoglycemia reported at any time of the day were reported. Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Hypoglycemic episodes with plasma glucose of 54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L) were also analyzed. (NCT02294474)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (maximum treatment exposure: 210 days)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypoglycemiaSevere hypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (<=3.9mmol/L)Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (<3.0mmol/L)
Humalog74.61.666.327.4
SAR34243468.42.460.128.9

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 26

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted least squares means and standard errors were obtained from a MMRM approach to account for missing data, using all post-baseline FPG data available during the 6-month period and adequate contrasts at Week 26. (NCT02294474)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
SAR342434-0.62
Humalog-0.67

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Anti-insulin Antibodies (AIAs)

Participants with treatment-emergent AIA (incidence) were reported (as participants with treatment-boosted or treatment-induced AIAs). Participants with treatment-induced AIAs were participants who developed AIA following IMP administration (participants with at least one positive AIA sample at any time during on-treatment period, in those participants without pre-existing AIA or with missing baseline sample). Participants with treatment-boosted AIAs were participants with pre-existing AIAs that were boosted to a significant higher titer following IMP administration (participants with at least one AIA sample with at least a 4-fold increase in titers compared to baseline value at any time during on-treatment period, in those participants with pre-existing AIA). (NCT02294474)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration (maximum treatment exposure: 210 days)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
SAR34243418.8
Humalog14.5

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted least square means and standard errors were obtained from a mixed-effect model with repeated measures (MMRM) to account for missing data, using all post-baseline HbA1c data available during the 6-month period and adequate contrasts at Week 26. (NCT02294474)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
SAR342434-0.92
Humalog-0.85

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemia (Any Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia) During the 26 Weeks of Treatment

Hypoglycemia events were hypoglycemia of any category, severe hypoglycemia (an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions); documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (symptoms of hypoglycemia with plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]); confirmed hypoglycemia (with or without symptoms of hypoglycemia and plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypoglycemiaDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemiaSevere and/or confirmed hypoglycemiaSevere and/or confirmed hypoglycemia:<75 years ageSevere and/or confirmed hypoglycemia:≥75 years age
HOE901-U30062.632.958.159.254.8
Lantus66.534.760.660.959.4

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.5% or HbA1c <7% During 26-Week Randomized Period

Participants without any available HbA1c assessment at Week 26 were considered as non-responders in the analyses. (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.5%HbA1c <7.0%
HOE901-U30060.633.3
Lantus58.935.2

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7.5% or <7.0% at Week 26 and No Severe and/or Confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]) Hypoglycemia During 26-Week Randomized Period

Severe hypoglycemia was an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Confirmed hypoglycemia was an event associated with plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7.5%HbA1c <7.0%
HOE901-U30026.414.0
Lantus21.512.3

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Hypoglycemia (Any Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia) Event Rate Per Participant Year During the 26 Weeks of Treatment

Hypoglycemia events were hypoglycemia of any category, severe hypoglycemia (an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions); documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (symptoms of hypoglycemia with plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]); confirmed hypoglycemia (with or without symptoms of hypoglycemia and plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 26

,
Interventionevents per participant year (Number)
Any hypoglycemiaDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemiaSevere and/or confirmed hypoglycemia
HOE901-U3006.061.855.17
Lantus7.742.566.36

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Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/ or Confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]) Nocturnal Hypoglycemia (00:00 to 05:59 Hours) During 26-Week Randomized Period

Estimated percentages from multiple imputation approach including data from the 26-week randomized period. Severe hypoglycemia was an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Confirmed hypoglycemia was an event associated with plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30020.2
Lantus22.5

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Percentage of Participants With At Least One Severe and/ or Confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]) Hypoglycemia Occurring at Any Time of the Day During 26-Week Randomized Period

Estimated percentages from multiple imputation approach including data from the 26-week randomized period. Severe hypoglycemia was an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Confirmed hypoglycemia was an event associated with plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30059.4
Lantus62.7

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy Over the 26 Weeks of Treatment

Routine fasting self-monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after Week 14) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. Threshold values at Week 14: FPG >200 mg/dL (11 mmol/L), or HbA1c >8.5%. (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U3003.7
Lantus2.6

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Change in World Health Organization-5 (WHO-5) Well-Being Questionnaire Percentage Score From Baseline to Week 26

WHO-5 well-being index evaluates positive psychological well-being during the past 2 weeks and consists of 5 questions, each rated on a 6-point Likert scale from 0 (not present) to 5 (constantly present). Total raw score was transformed into a percentage score ranging from 0 (worst possible quality of life) to 100 (best possible quality of life). (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionscores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-1.16
Lantus0.22

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 26

Adjusted least square (LS) means were obtained from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) after multiple imputation of missing data including post baseline HbA1c data during the 26-week randomized period. (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-0.89
Lantus-0.91

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 26

Adjusted LS means from multiple imputation approach including post baseline values during the 26-week randomized period. (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-1.68
Lantus-1.77

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Hypoglycemia (Any Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia) Event Rate Per Participant Year: By Age Categorical Data During the 26 Weeks of Treatment

Hypoglycemia events were hypoglycemia of any category, severe hypoglycemia (an event that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions); documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (symptoms of hypoglycemia with plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]); confirmed hypoglycemia (with or without symptoms of hypoglycemia and plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02320721)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 26

,
Interventionevents per participant year (Number)
Any hypoglycemia:<75 years ageAny hypoglycemia:≥75 years ageDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemia:<75 years ageDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemia:≥75 years ageSevere and/or confirmed hypoglycemia:<75 years ageSevere and/or confirmed hypoglycemia:≥75 years age
HOE901-U3006.445.012.111.125.434.46
Lantus7.857.322.522.716.376.28

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Mean Blood Glucose Levels at Bedtime

The blood glucose levels will be assessed at bedtime using a glucose meter. (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL157
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL171

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Mean Blood Glucose Levels Before Dinner

The blood glucose levels will be assessed before dinner using a glucose meter. (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL151
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL160

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Mean Blood Glucose Levels Before Lunch

The blood glucose levels will be assessed prior to lunch using a glucose meter. (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL160
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL172

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Mean Daily BG Levels

Blood glucose (BG) will be measured, and mean daily BG levels will be calculated. (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL172
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL173

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Mortality

The total number of subject deaths during hospital stay will be recorded. (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL1
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL0

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Number of Blood Glucose Readings Within 100-140 mg/dL Range

The number of blood glucose readings that are in the target range of 100-140 mg/dL will be recorded. (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionnumber of readings (Number)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL59
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL57

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Number of Hypoglycemia Events

The number of occurrences of hypoglycemia (blood glucose levels < 70 mg/dL) will be recorded. (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionnumber of events (Number)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL16
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL15

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Number of Subjects That Experienced Hospital Complications

The total number of subjects in which hospital complications occurred prior to discharge will be recorded. These complications will mainly be cases of nosocomial infections, pneumonia, bacteremia, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury [rise of serum creatinine >0.5 mg/dL (or 50%) of baseline value]. Nosocomial infections will be diagnosed based on standardized Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria. (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL11
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL12

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Mean Daily Dose of Insulin

Daily dose of insulin will be recorded (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionunits/day (Mean)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL47
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL41

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Average Number of Days of Hospital Stay

The average number of days in the hospital for subjects will be calculated. (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventiondays (Median)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL4
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL4

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Incidence of Hyperglycemia

The number of occurrences of hyperglycemia (blood glucose levels > 260 mg/dL) will be recorded. (NCT02408120)
Timeframe: 5 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionnumber of events (Number)
Insulin Aspart for BG > 140 mg/dL45
Insulin Aspart for BG > 260 mg/dL42

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Responder for HbA1c Below or Equal to 6.5 %

Number of subjects with HbA1c below 6.5% after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT02420262)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
YesNo
IDegLira118120
IGlar + IAsp104129

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Responder for HbA1c Below 7.0%

Number of subjects with HbA1c below 7% after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT02420262)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
YesNo
IDegLira15781
IGlar + IAsp15677

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Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or Blood Glucose Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes.

Severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe and/or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value of <56 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L), with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT02420262)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

InterventionNumber of episodes (Number)
IDegLira129
IGlar + IAsp975

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Change in Body Weight

Change in body weight after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT02420262)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
IDegLira-0.93
IGlar + IAsp2.64

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Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)

Change in HbA1c values after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT02420262)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

InterventionPercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
IDegLira-1.48
IGlar + IAsp-1.46

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Number of Subjects Requiring Re-intubation Within 24 Hours

The number of subjects requiring re-intubation with 24 after CABG. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 24 Hours)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin2
Placebo1

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Number of Subjects Requiring Re-intubation

The number of subjects requiring re-intubation after CABG. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 2 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin1
Placebo2

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Number of Subject Requiring Surgical Re-Intervention

The number of subjects that require surgical re-intervention due to mediastinal exploration and post-operative hemorrhage. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 10 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin1
Placebo2

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Number of Participants With Stress Hyperglycemic Events in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Number of participants who developed stress hyperglycemia (BG >180 mg/dl) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or after CABG requiring continuous IV insulin infusion (CII) while in the ICU. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin22
Placebo25

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Number of Participants With Severe Hyperglycemic Events During Continuous Insulin Infusion (CII)

Number of participants with two consecutive blood glucose concentrations >180 mg/dL in ICU during CII. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin7
Placebo6

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Number of Participants With Infections Not Requiring Hospital Re-admission

Number of subjects with infections not requiring hospital re-admission within 30 days after hospital discharge. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Hospital Discharge (Up to 30 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin0
Placebo1

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Number of Participants With Hypoglycemia During Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Stay

Number of participants with blood glucose (BG) <70 during ICU stay. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin2
Placebo1

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Number of Participants With Hypoglycemia After Transition From Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Number of participants with blood glucose (BG) <70 after transition from ICU. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin1
Placebo0

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Number of Participants With Hyperglycemia After Transition From Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Number of participants with blood glucose (BG) >180 after transition from ICU. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 10 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin8
Placebo8

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Number of Participants With Emergency Room (ER) Visits

Number of subjects returning to the ER up to 30 days (all-cause) after hospital discharge. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Hospital Discharge (Up to 30 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin2
Placebo1

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Hospital Complication Rate

The total number of all complications experienced during hospitalization. Participants may experience more than one complication during hospitalization and these will be included in the hospital complication rate. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 30 days)

Interventionnumber of complications (Number)
Sitagliptin47
Placebo57

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Total Insulin Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Total amount of insulin glargine insulin (units) administered in the ICU per day. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

Interventionunits per day (Mean)
Sitagliptin0
Placebo0

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Duration of Continuous Intravenous Insulin (CII)

Mean number of hours on continuous intravenous insulin (CII) after ICU discharge. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Discharge (Up to 4 Days)

Interventionhours (Mean)
Sitagliptin12
Placebo17

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Hospital Mortality Rate

The total number of subject deaths during hospital stay will be recorded. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 10 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin0
Placebo0

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Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Mortality Rate

The total number of subject deaths during ICU stay will be recorded. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin0
Placebo0

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Length of Hospital Stay After Study Randomization

Number of days in the hospital after a participant is randomized to a study intervention. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Randomization (Up to 9 days)

Interventiondays (Mean)
Sitagliptin6.0
Placebo6.5

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Length of Stay: Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Number of days in the ICU after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

Interventiondays (Mean)
Sitagliptin2
Placebo2

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Mean Amount of Insulin Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

The mean number of insulin infusions given per day (unit/day) while subjects are in the ICU. The more insulin given, the more hyperglycemic events experienced. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

Interventionunits per day (Mean)
Sitagliptin37
Placebo83

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Number of Participants Re-admitted to the Hospital Due to Wound Infections

Number of subjects readmitted to the hospital within 30 days due to wound infection. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Hospital Discharge (Up to 30 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin1
Placebo1

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Mean Blood Glucose (BG) Concentration After Transition From Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

The blood glucose levels will be assessed throughout the day using a glucose meter after transition form the ICU. The normal BG range for someone with diabetes is 80-130 mg/dL. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Sitagliptin123
Placebo124

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Mean Daily Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Blood Glucose (BG) Concentration

The blood glucose levels will be assessed throughout the day using a glucose meter. An average will be calculated. The normal BG range for someone with diabetes is 80-130 mg/dL. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Sitagliptin137
Placebo138

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Mean Units Subcutaneous (SQ) Insulin Required

Mean number of supplemental insulin units (lispro or aspart) administered after receiving insulin glargine (SQ insulin). (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 10 Days)

Interventionunits (Mean)
Sitagliptin2.4
Placebo2.4

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Need for Continuous Intravenous Insulin (CII) for Treatment of Hyperglycemia

Number of subjects with hyperglycemia (BG >180 mg/dL) who require CII in the ICU. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 4 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin7
Placebo7

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Number of Subjects With Persistent Hyperglycemia

Number of subjects with persistent hyperglycemia (2 consecutive fasting and/or premeal BG > 180 mg/dL, or with average daily BG >180 mg/dl) who require insulin glargine (rescue therapy) after discontinuation of continuous intravenous insulin (CII) (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 10 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin7
Placebo6

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Number of Participants With Blood Glucose Less Than 40 mg/dl

Number of participants with blood glucose (BG) <40 throughout the duration of hospitalization. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Duration of Hospitalization (Up to 30 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin0
Placebo0

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Number of Participants Re-admitted to the Hospital Not Due to Wound Infections

Number of subjects readmitted to the hospital within 30 days for all causes excluding wound infection. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Hospital Discharge (Up to 30 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin3
Placebo0

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Number of Subjects Requiring the Use of Inotropes for Greater Than 24 Hours

The number of subjects requiring the use of inotropes for >24 hours post CABG. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Surgery (Up to 2 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin11
Placebo7

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Number of Participants With Cerebrovascular Events

Number of participants that experienced permanent stroke and reversible ischemic neurologic deficit events. (NCT02443402)
Timeframe: Post-Hospital Discharge (Up to 10 Days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin2
Placebo1

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Month 6 and Month 12

Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using MMRM model with fixed categorical effects of treatment arm, visit, treatment arm-by-visit interaction, randomization strata of HbA1c target (<8% / <7%), SU use (yes/no), GLP-1 RA use (yes/no), as well as baseline weight (as continuous) and baseline weight-by-visit interaction. (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

,
Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Month 6Month 12
Standard of Care1.141.40
Toujeo1.021.51

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Month 6 and Month 12

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Month 6 and Month 12 values. Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using MMRM model with fixed categorical effects of treatment arm, randomization strata of HbA1c target (<8% / <7%), SU use (yes/no), GLP-1 RA use (yes/no), as well as baseline FPG (as continuous) and baseline FPG-by-visit interaction. (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Month 6Month 12
Standard of Care-50.4-47.3
Toujeo-48.9-48.0

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Month 6 and Month 12

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Month 6 and Month 12 values. Adjusted Least Squares (LS) means and Standard Errors (SE) were obtained using Mixed Effect Model with Repeated Measures (MMRM ) with fixed categorical effects of treatment arm, visit, treatment arm-by-visit interaction, randomization strata of HbA1c target (<8% / <7%), SU use (yes/no), GLP-1 RA use (yes/no), as well as baseline HbA1c (as continuous) and baseline HbA1c-by-visit interaction. (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

,
Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Month 6Month 12
Standard of Care-1.36-1.24
Toujeo-1.40-1.29

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Percentage of Participants Reaching Individualized HbA1c Target Without Documented Symptomatic <=3.9 mmol/L (<= 70 mg/dL) and <3.0 mmol/L (< 54 mg/dL) and/or Severe Hypoglycemia During the 12-Month Randomized Period

HEDIS criteria for Individualized HbA1c target: <8% if age >= 65 years or presence of medical comorbidities, or otherwise <7%. Severe hypoglycaemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycaemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=3.9 mmol/L (<=70 mg/dL) and < 3.0 mmol/L (< 54 mg/dL). (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 12

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Month 12: <=70 mg/dLMonth 12: <54 mg/dL
Standard of Care23.729.5
Toujeo26.133.0

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Percentage of Participants With at Least One Treatment-Emergent Hypoglycemia Event (Any Time of the Day, Nocturnal) Per Type of Hypoglycaemia During the Month 6 and Month 12 on Treatment Period

Severe hypoglycaemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycaemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=70 mg/dL (<=3.9 mmol/L) or <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L). (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: Up to Month 6 and Month 12

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypoglycemia: Any time: Month 6Any hypoglycemia: Nocturnal: Month 6Any hypoglycemia: Any time: Month 12Any hypoglycemia: Nocturnal: Month 12Severe hypoglycemia: Any time: Month 6Severe hypoglycemia:Nocturnal: Month 6Documented Symptomatic <=70 mg/dL:Any time:Month 6Documented Symptomatic <54 mg/dL:Any time:Month 6Documented Symptomatic <=70mg/dL:Nocturnal:Month 6Documented Symptomatic <54 mg/dL:Nocturnal:Month 6Severe hypoglycemia: Any time: Month 12Severe hypoglycemia:Nocturnal: Month 12Documented Symptomatic<=70 mg/dL:Any time:Month 12Documented Symptomatic <54 mg/dL:Any time:Month 12Documented Symptomatic<=70mg/dL:Nocturnal:Month 12Documented Symptomatic <54mg/dL:Nocturnal:Month 12
Standard of Care30.410.041.814.91.00.614.93.15.60.81.90.720.85.68.31.7
Toujeo28.98.939.113.61.00.513.93.64.50.81.20.519.95.66.51.2

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Percentage of Participants With Hospitalizations, Emergency Rooms and Specialty Visits From Baseline to Month 6 and Month 12

Percentage of participants with hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and specialty visits during the 6-month and 12-month randomized period were reported. The 12-month randomized period was defined as the time from randomization up to Day 365 or discontinuation date, whichever comes earlier. (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Month 6 and Month 12

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Hospitalizations: Month 6Emergency Room Visits: Month 6Specialty Visits: Month 6Hospitalizations: Month 12Emergency Room Visits: Month 12Specialty Visits: Month 12
Standard of Care7.510.374.08.011.175.9
Toujeo8.111.378.39.112.780.1

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Scores of Total Treatment Satisfaction, Hyperglycemia Perception, and Hypoglycemia Perception From Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire Change Version (DTSQc) at Month 12

DTSQc version evaluates the change in treatment satisfaction at Month 12 as compared to the start of the study . It consists of 8 items, each answered on a Likert scale from -3 to +3. The sum of treatment satisfaction scores (items 1, 4, 5, 6, 7,and 8) ranged from score -18 (deterioration in treatment satisfaction) to +18 (improvement in treatment satisfaction). Perceived frequency of hypoglycemia and perceived frequency of hyperglycemia score ranges from score -3 (fewer problems) to +3 (more problems). (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: At Month 12

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Total satisfaction scorePerceived frequency of hyperglycemia scorePerceived frequency of hypoglycemia
Standard of Care13.790.21-0.82
Toujeo13.810.14-0.82

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Scores of Total Treatment Satisfaction, Hyperglycemia Perception, and Hypoglycemia Perception From Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire Status Version (DTSQs) at Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

DTSQs is a validated questionnaire to assess participant's satisfaction with their diabetes treatment. It consists of 8 items, each answered on a Likert scale of 0 to 6. Responses of 6 questions (Items 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) were summarized to derive total treatment satisfaction score, such that a higher score was indicative of better satisfaction. Total treatment satisfaction score is the sum of items 1, 4-8 scores and ranged from 0 (no satisfaction) to 36 (improvement in treatment satisfaction). Item 2 and Item 3 scores were used for hyperglycemia perception and hypoglycemia perception respectively, where lower scores indicated better health outcome. Perceived frequency of hyperglycemia score (Item 2) and perceived frequency of hypoglycemia score (Item 3) range from 0 (none of the time) to 6 (most of time), where lower scores indicated more satisfaction/better health outcome. (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: At Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Total treatment satisfaction score:BaselineTotal treatment satisfaction score: Month 6Total treatment satisfaction score: Month 12Perceived frequencyof hyperglycemia score:BaselinePerceived frequency of hyperglycemia score:Month 6Perceived frequency of hyperglycemia score:Month12Perceived frequency of hypoglycemia score:BaselinePerceived frequency of hypoglycemia score: Month 6Perceived frequency of hypoglycemia score:Month 12
Standard of Care26.431.130.74.32.82.60.81.01.0
Toujeo26.531.030.94.32.82.60.90.90.9

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Treatment Persistence Measured by Medication Possession Ratio (MPR)

Treatment persistence was determined based on vendor claims database that would be responsible for managing and administration of the study drugs. Medication use was assessed by MPR and persistence measures based on data collected by the smart card vendor (date of fill or refill and quantity of medication dispensed for 30-day supply). The MPR was assessed based on total number of days of supply divided by the total number of days in 6 or 12 months period. (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: At Month 6 and Month 12

,
InterventionMedication Possession ratio (Mean)
Month 6Month 12
Standard of Care63.1457.82
Toujeo62.0658.21

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Percentage of Participants Reaching Individualized HbA1c Target Without Documented Symptomatic <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL) and/or Severe Hypoglycemia During the 6-Month Randomized Period

HEDIS criteria for Individualized HbA1c target: <8% if age >= 65 years or presence of medical comorbidities, or otherwise <7%. Severe hypoglycaemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycaemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L). (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Toujeo37.3
Standard of Care34.3

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Percentage of Participants With Individualized Glycated Hemoglobin Target Attainment Per Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) Criteria Without Documented Symptomatic(Blood Glucose <=70 mg/dL [<=3.9 mmol/L]) and/or Severe Hypoglycemia

HEDIS criteria: Individualized HbA1c target <8% if age >= 65 years or presence of medical comorbidities, or otherwise <7%. Severe hypoglycaemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycaemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (<=3.9 millimoles per litre [mmol/L]). Analysis was performed using all post-baseline data available on the 6 month randomized period (defined as time from randomization up to Day 180 or discontinuation date, whichever comes earlier). (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Toujeo31.3
Standard of Care27.9

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"Percentage of Responders (Participants and Provider) Who Reported Excellent or Good Responses to Global Effectiveness Scale (GES) Question at Month 6, and Month 12"

"Participant and Physician (Provider) reported GES for this diabetes study. The GES assessed impact of treatment on scale ranges as: excellent (complete control of diabetes), good (marked improvement of diabetes), moderate (discernible, but limited improvement in diabetes), poor (no appreciable change in diabetes), or worsening of condition (worsening of diabetes). There was no score expressed by numbers and no change measured over the time of the study. Percentage of participants and providers who reported excellent or good on the GES at Month 6 and Month 12 are reported here." (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: At Month 6, Month 12

,
Interventionpercentage of responders (Number)
Percentage of Participants: Month 6Percentage of Providers: Month 6Percentage of Participants: Month 12Percentage of Providers: Month 12
Standard of Care65.657.764.256.3
Toujeo67.262.164.758.8

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Change From Baseline in Basal Insulin Dose at Month 6 and Month 12

Change in basal insulin dose was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Month 6 and Month 12 values. (NCT02451137)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

,
InterventionUnit/kg (U/kg) (Mean)
Month 6Month 12
Standard of Care0.1830.224
Toujeo0.1790.222

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Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Calculated by CKD-EPI

"Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation is one of the most widely used IDMS traceable equations for estimating GFR in patients age 18 and over. CKD-EPI equation includes variables for age, gender, and race, which may allow providers to observe that CKD is present despite a serum creatinine concentration that appears to fall within or just above the normal reference interval.~CKD-EPI equation expressed as a single equation: GFR = 141 × min (Scr /κ, 1)α × max(Scr /κ, 1)-1.209 × 0.993Age × 1.018 [if female] × 1.159 [if black] where: Scr is serum creatinine in mg/dL, κ is 0.7 for females and 0.9 for males, α is -0.329 for females and -0.411 for males,min indicates the minimum of Scr /κ or 1, and max indicates the maximum of Scr /κ or 1." (NCT02451917)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

,
Interventionml/min/1.7m² (Mean)
Baseline24 weeks treatement
Glargine Insulin Period28.026.9
NPH Insulin Period27.425.9

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Difference in A1c Levels

A1c using high performance liquid chromatography measured in percentage (NCT02451917)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage (Mean)
Baseline24 weeks treatement
Glargine Insulin Period8.867.95
NPH Insulin Period8.218.44

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Body Mass Index (BMI)

The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres. (NCT02451917)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

,
InterventionKg/m² (Mean)
Baseline24 weeks treatement
Glargine Insulin Period29.730.0
NPH Insulin Period30.030.4

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Total Daily Insulin Dose

Daily total insulin dose at baseline compared to dose at week 24. (NCT02451917)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

,
Interventionunits/Kg/day (Mean)
Baseline24 weeks treatment
Glargine Insulin0.610.64
NPH Insulin0.630.64

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Serum Creatinine

Creatinine is measured in milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL (NCT02451917)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline24 weeks treatement
Glargine Insulin Period2.42.6
NPH Insulin Period2.52.6

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Number of Hypoglycemic Events

"Hypoglycemia was defined by capillary glycemia< 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L), even if it was not accompanied by typical symptoms. Otherwise, hypoglycemia was classified as severe with SMBG below 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L) or when it resulted in stupor, seizure, or unconsciousness that precluded self-treatment, thus requiring the assistance of another individual. Nocturnal events were defined as SMBG < 70mg/dL occurring after midnight and before wake-up in the morning (before 7:00am)12." (NCT02451917)
Timeframe: between 1rst and 24 weeks of each treatment arm

,
Interventionevents per patients during 24 weeks (Mean)
total hypoglycemic eventsnocturnal hypoglycemias
Glargine Insulin Period4.870.52
NPH Insulin Period6.341.52

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Glycemic Variability

In order to observe variability in interstitial glucose levels related to the therapy in use, participants wore a blinded CGM for 3 days. Changes in glycemic patterns were expressed by the average daily time spent in hypoglycemia (≤70 mg/dL or <3.9 mmol/L), hyperglycemia (>180 mg/dL or >10 mmol/L) and euglycemia (70-180 mg/dL or 3.9-10 mmol/L). (NCT02451917)
Timeframe: 24 week

,
Interventionpercentage of time (Mean)
hyperglycemianormoglycemiahypoglycemia
Glargine Insulin Period30673
NPH Insulin Period38593

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HbA1c Below 7.0% Without Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Percentage of subjects with HbA1c below 7.0% after 32 weeks of randomised treatment without treatment emergent severe hypoglycaemic episodes during the last 12 weeks of treatment. Subjects withdrawn before 32 weeks were handled as non-responders. Severe hypoglycaemic episode was defined as an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. Plasma glucose (PG) concentrations may not be available during an event, but neurological recovery following the return of PG to normal is considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by a low PG concentration. (NCT02453685)
Timeframe: After 32 weeks of treatment (yes/no)

,
InterventionPercentage of subjects (Number)
YesNo
Basal-bolus56.343.7
BIAsp 3042.357.7

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Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)

Change in HbA1c from baseline (week 0) to week 32. (NCT02453685)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 32

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Mean)
BIAsp 30-1.16
Basal-bolus-1.30

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Total Daily Insulin Dose

Total daily insulin dose in the basal bolus treatment group and in BIAsp 30 treatment group at each week of each treatment. (NCT02453685)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-32

,
InterventionU/kg (Mean)
Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4Week 5Week 6Week 7Week 8Week 9Week 10Week 11Week 12Week 13Week 14Week 15Week 16Week 17Week 18Week 19Week 20Week 21Week 22Week 23Week 24Week 25Week 26Week 27Week 28Week 29Week 30Week 31Week 32
Basal-bolus0.1270.1670.1970.2240.2440.2640.2810.2960.3390.3650.3910.4130.4250.4390.4550.4680.4960.5160.5320.5440.5630.5800.5900.6050.6180.6430.6530.6640.6740.6820.6930.708
BIAsp 300.1570.1870.2140.2380.2590.2800.2960.3080.3690.3970.4210.4430.4560.4720.4870.5010.5280.5460.5570.5690.5880.6020.6070.6150.6280.6430.6610.6710.6880.6920.7030.700

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Number of Treatment Emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes Classified According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the Novo Nordisk Definitions

Hypoglycaemic episodes were classified as severe, Asymptomatic, Documented symptomatic, Pseudo, and Probable symptomatic as per ADA classification. As symptoms of hypoglycaemia occur below a PG level of 3.1 mmol/L, (56 mg/dL) Novo Nordisk classification included hypoglycaemia with plasma glucose (PG) levels below 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) in the definition of blood glucose confirmed hypoglycaemia. Hence, Novo Nordisk classification included following types of hypoglycaemia in addition to ADA classification: Severe hypoglycaemia, Symptomatic blood glucose confirmed hypoglycaemia, Asymptomatic blood glucose confirmed hypoglycaemia, Severe or blood glucose confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia, Blood glucose confirmed hypoglycaemia, and Severe or blood glucose confirmed hypoglycaemia. Reported data represents total of all hypoglycaemic episodes. (NCT02453685)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-32

,
InterventionHypoglycaemic episodes (Number)
ADA classificationNovo Nordisk classification
Basal-bolus18411841
BIAsp 3016501650

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Insulin Dose

Insulin dose after 26 and 104 weeks of treatment is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 104

,
InterventionUnits (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide34.636.1
Insulin Glargine48.650.6

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Change in Body Weight

Change in body weight from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionKilogram (kg) (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.51.2
Insulin Glargine2.23.0

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Change in Blood Pressure (Systolic and Diastolic)

Change in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionMillimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
Week 26: Systolic blood pressureWeek 26: Diastolic blood pressureWeek 104: Systolic blood pressureWeek 104: Diastolic blood pressure
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-1.20.10.5-0.1
Insulin Glargine0.5-0.30.9-0.2

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Change in Biochemistry Parameters- ALP, ALT, AST, Lipase and Amylase

Change in biochemistry parameters- alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipase and amylase from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionUnits per liter (U/L) (Mean)
Week 26: ALPWeek 104: ALPWeek 26: ALTWeek 104: ALTWeek 26: ASTWeek 104: ASTWeek 26: lipaseWeek 104: lipaseWeek 26: amylaseWeek 104: amylase
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-4.16-1.35-5.45-5.39-1.62-1.849.265.419.727.23
Insulin Glargine-4.33-1.34-3.33-3.45-0.39-0.67-7.97-13.332.79-0.13

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Change in Biochemistry Parameter- Sodium, Potassium and Calcium

Change in sodium, potassium and calcium from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 26: sodiumWeek 104: sodiumWeek 26: potassiumWeek 104: potassiumWeek 26: calciumWeek 104: calcium
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.891.22-0.05-0.06-0.01-0.07
Insulin Glargine1.031.47-0.08-0.07-0.00-0.06

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Change in Biochemistry Parameter- Creatinine, Total Bilirubin

Change in biochemistry parameter- creatinine, total bilirubin from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionMicromoles per liter (umol/L) (Mean)
Week 26: creatinineWeek 104: creatinineWeek 26: total bilirubinWeek 104: total bilirubin
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-0.500.75-0.30-0.33
Insulin Glargine0.252.20-0.32-0.59

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Change in Biochemistry Parameter- Albumin

Change in biochemistry parameter- albumin from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionGrams per deciliter (g/dL) (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-0.030.01
Insulin Glargine-0.030.03

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Number of Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 26 Weeks of Treatment

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia is defined as an episode that is severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Number of treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during 26 weeks of treatment is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide143
Insulin Glargine261

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Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c ≤6.5%

Percentage of participants who achieved (yes/no) HbA1c ≤6.5% at week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: YesWeek 26: NoWeek 104: YesWeek 104: No
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide63.636.443.356.7
Insulin Glargine35.464.621.778.3

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Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c <7.0% Without Weight Gain

Percentage of participants who achieved (yes/no) HbA1c <7.0% without weight gain at week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: YesWeek 26: NoWeek 104: YesWeek 104: No
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide38.561.520.979.1
Insulin Glargine15.484.66.393.7

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Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c <7.0% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or Blood Glucose (BG) Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode that was severe according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Percentage of participants who achieved (yes/no) HbA1c <7.0% without treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes at week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: YesWeek 26: NoWeek 104: YesWeek 104: No
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide71.328.751.848.2
Insulin Glargine44.955.125.574.5

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Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c <7.0%

Percentage of participants who achieved (yes/no) HbA1c <7.0% at week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: YesWeek 26: NoWeek 104: YesWeek 104: No
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide78.721.355.544.5
Insulin Glargine55.744.328.571.5

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Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c < 7.0% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes and Without Weight Gain

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode that was severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Percentage of participants who achieved (yes/no) HbA1c <7.0% without treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes and without weight gain at week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: YesWeek 26: NoWeek 104: YesWeek 104: No
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide35.264.820.080.0
Insulin Glargine13.686.46.193.9

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Eye Examination Category

Fundus photography or a dilated fundoscopy was performed at baseline (within 12 weeks prior to week 0) and week 104. The investigator interpreted each eye's (left and right) results and categorised them as: normal, abnormal not clinically significant (NCS) or abnormal clinically significant (CS). Number of participants in each category at baseline and week 104 were presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Baseline (within 12 weeks prior to week 0), week 104

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Left eye: Normal (baseline)Left eye: Abnormal NCS (baseline)Left eye: Abnormal CS (baseline)Left eye: Normal (week 104)Left eye: Abnormal NCS (week 104)Left eye: Abnormal CS (week 104)Right eye: Normal (baseline)Right eye: Abnormal NCS (baseline)Right eye: Abnormal CS (baseline)Right eye: Normal (week 104)Right eye: Abnormal NCS (week 104)Right eye: Abnormal CS (week 104)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide345151102049717344151112009919
Insulin Glargine34115581295063551436132485

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ECG Evaluation

The electrocardiogram (ECG) was assessed at baseline (within 2 weeks prior to week 0) and week 104. The investigator interpreted the results and categorised them as: normal, abnormal NCS or abnormal CS. Number of participants in each ECG category at baseline and week 104 are presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Baseline (within 2 weeks prior to week 0), week 104

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Normal (Baseline)Abnormal NCS (Baseline)Abnormal CS (Baseline)Normal (week 104)Abnormal NCS (week 104)Abnormal CS (week 104)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide3351629227977
Insulin Glargine3351654122652

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Change in TRIM-D

Treatment related impact measures-diabetes (TRIM-D) was developed according to the FDA guidance from 2009 on development of new PRO measures. The questionnaire consists of 5 sub-domains, which are scored according to a 1-5 point scale with a higher score indicating a better health state (less negative impact). Sub-domain scores are calculated by summing across items in the same sub-domain, and the total score is calculated by summing scores from all the sub-domains. The highest possible summed score within a sub-domain ranges from 20 (compliance sub-domain) to 40 (psychological health sub-domain) points and the highest possible total score is 140 points. Change in TRIM-D total score from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. A positive change score indicates an improvement since baseline. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide9.611.4
Insulin Glargine7.39.5

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Change in SMPG-mean Postprandial Increment Over All Meals

Participants measured plasma glucose values using the blood glucose meter at 9 time points: before breakfast, 90 min after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 min after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4:00 am and before breakfast the following day. Change in SMPG-mean postprandial increment over all meals from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-0.28-0.47
Insulin Glargine0.200.12

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Change in SMPG-mean 9-point Profile

Participants measured plasma glucose values using the blood glucose meter at 9 time points: before breakfast, 90 min after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 min after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4:00 am and before breakfast the following day. Change in SMPG-mean 9-point profile from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-3.34-3.27
Insulin Glargine-3.32-2.76

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Change in Short Form Health Survey Version 2.0 (SF-36v2™, Acute Version) Health Survey: Scores From the 8 Domains and Summaries of the Physical Component Score (PCS) and the Mental Component Score (MCS)

SF-36 is a 36-item patient-reported survey of patient health that measures the participant's overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). SF-36v2™ (acute version) questionnaire measured eight domains of functional health and well-being as well as two component summary scores (physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS)). The scores 0-100 (where higher scores indicated a better HRQoL) from the SF-36 were converted to norm-based scores to enable a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 2009 U.S. general population. A norm-based score of 50 corresponds to the mean score and 10 corresponds to the standard deviation of the 2009 U.S. general population. Change from baseline in the sub-domain scores and component summary (PCS and MCS) scores are presented. A positive change score indicates an improvement since baseline. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 26: Physical functioningWeek 104: Physical functioningWeek 26: Role-physicalWeek 104: Role-physicalWeek 26: Bodily painWeek 104: Bodily painWeek 26: General healthWeek 104: General healthWeek 26: VitalityWeek 104: VitalityWeek 26: Social functioningWeek 104: Social functioningWeek 26: Role-emotionalWeek 104: Role-emotionalWeek 26: Mental healthWeek 104: Mental healthWeek 26: PCSWeek 104: PCSWeek 26: MCSWeek 104: MCS
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide1.20.71.41.41.51.62.52.31.41.51.80.90.61.61.72.51.61.01.32.0
Insulin Glargine1.10.60.50.70.40.12.12.11.41.50.91.10.71.21.30.30.90.81.21.0

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Change in Pulse Rate

Change in pulse rate from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionBeats per minute (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide2.01.7
Insulin Glargine-0.4-0.5

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Change in Haematological Parameter- Thrombocytes and Leukocytes

Change in thrombocytes and leukocytes from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
Intervention10^9 cells/L (Mean)
Week 26: ThrombocytesWeek 104: ThrombocytesWeek 26: LeukocytesWeek 104: Leukocytes
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide8.7716.870.490.07
Insulin Glargine7.0518.730.390.32

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Number of TEAEs During 104 Weeks of Treatment

An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a product, and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. A TEAE was defined as an adverse event that had onset date on or after the first day of exposure to trial product and no later than 7 days after the last day of trial product. If the event had onset date before the first day of exposure on trial product and increased in severity during the treatment period and until 7 days after the last drug date, then this event was also considered as a TEAE. Number of TEAEs during 104 weeks of treatment is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0 to week 104

InterventionAdverse events (Number)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide1788
Insulin Glargine1368

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Number of TEAEs During 26 Weeks of Treatment

An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a product, and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. A treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an adverse event that had onset date on or after the first day of exposure to trial product and no later than 7 days after the last day of trial product. If the event had onset date before the first day of exposure on trial product and increased in severity during the treatment period and until 7 days after the last drug date, then this event was also considered as a TEAE. Number of TEAEs during 26 weeks of treatment is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

InterventionAdverse events (Number)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide718
Insulin Glargine624

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Number of Treatment Emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 104 Weeks of Treatment

Hypoglycaemic episodes (SMPG value ≤3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL)) were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes according to ADA during 104 weeks of treatment is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-104

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide8934
Insulin Glargine10658

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Number of Treatment Emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 26 Weeks of Treatment

Hypoglycaemic episodes (SMPG value ≤3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL)) were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Number of treatment-emergent hypoglycaemic episodes according to ADA during 26 weeks of treatment is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide3190
Insulin Glargine3806

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Number of Treatment-emergent Nocturnal Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 104 Weeks of Treatment

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia is defined as an episode that is severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes occurring between 00:01 and 05.59 both inclusive. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Number of treatment-emergent nocturnal severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during 104 weeks of treatment is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-104

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide61
Insulin Glargine164

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Number of Treatment-emergent Nocturnal Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 26 Weeks of Treatment

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia is defined as an episode that is severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes occurring between 00:01 and 05.59 both inclusive. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Number of treatment-emergent nocturnal severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during 26 weeks of treatment is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide27
Insulin Glargine60

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Number of Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 104 Weeks of Treatment

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia is defined as an episode that is severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Number of treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during 104 weeks of treatment is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-104

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide319
Insulin Glargine642

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Change in Haematological Parameter- Neutrophils

Change in neutrophils from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of neutrophils (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide1.861.25
Insulin Glargine0.781.21

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Change in Haematological Parameter- Monocytes

Change in monocytes from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of monocytes (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-0.100.49
Insulin Glargine0.010.59

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Change in Haematological Parameter- Lymphocytes

Change in lymphocytes from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of lymphocytes (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-1.87-2.25
Insulin Glargine-0.84-2.38

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Change in Haematological Parameter- Haemoglobin

Change in haemoglobin from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
Interventiong/dL (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.08-0.00
Insulin Glargine0.08-0.03

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Change in Haematological Parameter- Haematocrit

Change in haematocrit from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of red blood cells (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-0.33-0.71
Insulin Glargine-0.36-0.95

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Change in Haematological Parameter- Erythrocytes

Change in erythrocytes from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
Intervention10^12 cells/L (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-0.02-0.12
Insulin Glargine-0.03-0.11

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Change in Haematological Parameter- Eosinophils

Change in eosinophils from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of eosinophils (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.100.32
Insulin Glargine0.060.43

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Change in Haematological Parameter- Basophils

Change in basophils from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of basophils (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.000.20
Insulin Glargine-0.000.16

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Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c ≤6.5% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes and Without Weight Gain

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia is defined as an episode that is severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Percentage of participants who achieved (yes/no) HbA1c ≤6.5% without treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes and without weight gain at week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: YesWeek 26: NoWeek 104: YesWeek 104: No
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide30.269.816.683.4
Insulin Glargine8.791.35.594.5

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Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c ≤6.5% Without Weight Gain

Percentage of participants who achieved (yes/no) HbA1c ≤6.5% without weight gain at week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: YesWeek 26: NoWeek 104: YesWeek 104: No
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide33.266.817.682.4
Insulin Glargine9.990.15.794.3

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SMPG-9-point Profile (Individual Points in the Profile)

Participants measured plasma glucose values using the blood glucose meter at 9 time points: before breakfast, 90 min after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 min after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4:00 am and before breakfast the following day. Self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG)-9-point profile (individual points in the profile) at week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 104

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 26: Before breakfastWeek 26: 90 minutes after breakfastWeek 26: Before lunchWeek 26: 90 minutes after lunchWeek 26: Before dinnerWeek 26: 90 minutes after dinnerWeek 26: BedtimeWeek 26: At 4:00 a.m.Week 26: Before breakfast the following dayWeek 104: Before breakfastWeek 104: 90 minutes after breakfastWeek 104: Before lunchWeek 104: 90 minutes after lunchWeek 104: Before dinnerWeek 104: 90 minutes after dinnerWeek 104: BedtimeWeek 104: At 4:00 a.m.Week 104: Before breakfast the following day
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide5.598.346.038.026.678.317.485.725.535.587.996.067.806.588.207.475.675.44
Insulin Glargine5.588.766.438.796.919.108.135.915.565.578.646.378.877.029.107.905.965.47

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Time From Randomisation to HbA1c >6.5% at 2 Consecutive Visits

"Time to HbA1c > 6.5% at 2 consecutive visits is defined as time from randomization to HbA1c > 6.5% at 2 consecutive planned scheduled visits from week 26 (including week 26 if HbA1c was > 6.5% at week 12). Time from randomisation to HbA1c >6.5% at 2 consecutive visits was analysed using a stratified log-rank test where treatment, baseline HbA1c group and previous OAD treatment were included as strata in the model. The variable baseline HbA1c group was a dichotomised baseline HbA1c variable with 2 categories: HbA1c < 8.5% or HbA1c ≥ 8.5% and the variable previous OAD treatment was a categorical variable with 2 categories: SU ± OAD(s) (SU users) or OAD(s) (Non-SU users). 25%, median (50%) and 75% percentiles for the cumulative distribution function were obtained from the Kaplan-Meier survival function." (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-104 + 7 days follow-up-1 + 30 days follow-up-2

,
InterventionWeeks (Median)
Baseline HbA1c <8.5% + Non-SU usersBaseline HbA1c <8.5% + SU usersBaseline HbA1c >=8.5% + Non-SU usersBaseline HbA1c >=8.5% + SU users
Insulin Degludec/LiraglutideNA90.164.152.1
Insulin Glargine64.126.626.626.1

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Time From Randomisation to Inadequate Glycaemic Control and Need for Treatment Intensification

"Inadequate glycaemic control and need for treatment intensification was defined as a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.0% or greater at 2 consecutive visits from week 26, including week 26 if HbA1c was greater than or equal to 7% at week 12. Time from randomisation to inadequate glycaemic control and need for treatment intensification was analysed using a stratified log-rank test where treatment, baseline HbA1c group and previous OAD treatment were included as strata in the model. The variable baseline HbA1c group was a dichotomised baseline HbA1c variable with 2 categories: HbA1c < 8.5% or HbA1c ≥ 8.5% and the variable previous OAD treatment was a categorical variable with 2 categories: SU ± OAD(s) (SU users) or OAD(s) (Non-SU users). 25%, median (50%) and 75% percentiles for the cumulative distribution function were obtained from the Kaplan-Meier survival function." (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-104 + 7 days follow-up-1 + 30 days follow-up-2

,
InterventionWeeks (Median)
Baseline HbA1c <8.5% + Non-SU usersBaseline HbA1c <8.5% + SU usersBaseline HbA1c >=8.5% + Non-SU usersBaseline HbA1c >=8.5% + SU users
Insulin Degludec/LiraglutideNA106.7NA104.0
Insulin Glargine104.390.364.626.6

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Change in Fasting HDL-cholesterol

Change in fasting high density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented as ratio to baseline. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionRatio of HDL-cholesterol (Geometric Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide1.031.02
Insulin Glargine1.021.03

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Change in Fasting Free Fatty Acids

Change in fasting free fatty acids (measured as mmol/L) from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented as ratio to baseline. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionRatio of free fatty acids (Geometric Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.680.70
Insulin Glargine0.750.78

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Change in Fasting C-peptide

Change in fasting C-peptide (measured in nanomoles per liter [nmol/L]) from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented as ratio to baseline. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionRatio of C-peptide (Geometric Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.630.58
Insulin Glargine0.570.54

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Change in Calcitonin

The number of participants who reported low, normal and high levels of calcitonin in relation to reference ranges at baseline (week 0), week 26 and week 104 are presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Week 0: LowWeek 0: NormalWeek 0: HighWeek 26: LowWeek 26: NormalWeek 26: HighWeek 104: LowWeek 104: NormalWeek 104: High
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide048125043740030131
Insulin Glargine047232043130016917

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Participants Who Achieved (Yes/no): HbA1c ≤6.5% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia is defined as an episode that is severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. Percentage of participants who achieved (yes/no) HbA1c ≤6.5% without treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes at week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 104

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: YesWeek 26: NoWeek 104: YesWeek 104: No
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide57.942.140.159.9
Insulin Glargine27.972.119.280.8

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Change in Fasting Human Insulin

Change in fasting human insulin (measured in picomoles per liter [pmol/L]) from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented as ratio to baseline. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionRatio of insulin (Geometric Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.670.60
Insulin Glargine0.680.62

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Change in HbA1c

Change in HbA1c from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Mean)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-1.99
Insulin Glargine-1.69

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Change in FPG

Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-3.97-3.93
Insulin Glargine-3.79-3.73

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Change in Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio

Change in urine albumin/creatinine ratio from baseline (week 0) to week 104 is presented. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 104

InterventionMilligrams per millimole (mg/mmol) (Mean)
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide-1.09
Insulin Glargine-0.74

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Change in Fasting VLDL-cholesterol

Change in fasting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented as ratio to baseline. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionRatio of VLDL-cholesterol (Geometric Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.850.90
Insulin Glargine0.850.88

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Change in Fasting Triglycerides

Change in fasting triglycerides (measured as mmol/L) from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented as ratio to baseline. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionRatio of triglycerides (Geometric Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.840.89
Insulin Glargine0.850.89

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Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol

Change in fasting total cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented as ratio to baseline. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionRatio of total cholesterol (Geometric Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide0.990.97
Insulin Glargine0.990.97

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Change in Fasting LDL-cholesterol

Change in fasting low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) from baseline (week 0) to week 26 and week 104 is presented as ratio to baseline. (NCT02501161)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 104

,
InterventionRatio of LDL-cholesterol (Geometric Mean)
Week 26Week 104
Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide1.050.96
Insulin Glargine1.020.98

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving a Therapeutic Glycemic Response at Week 24

To examine whether the percentage of subjects achieving a therapeutic glycemic response, defined as HbA1c <7.0%, with co-administered saxagliptin 5 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg plus metformin with or without SU is noninferior (noninferiority margin of 10%) to titrated insulin glargine plus metformin with or without SU after 24 weeks of open-label treatment. (NCT02551874)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionAdjusted % Participants (Number)
Dapagliflozin + Saxagliptin + Metformin33.2
Titrated Insulin + Metformin33.5

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Percentage of Subjects Achieving a Therapeutic Glycemic Response, Without Hypoglycaemia, at Week 24

To compare the percentage of subjects achieving a therapeutic glycemic response, defined as HbA1c <7.0%, without any reported hypoglycemia, with co-administered saxagliptin 5 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg plus metformin with or without SU versus titrated insulin glargine plus metformin with or without SU after 24 weeks of open-label treatment. (NCT02551874)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionAdjusted % Participants (Number)
Dapagliflozin + Saxagliptin + Metformin20.9
Titrated Insulin + Metformin13.1

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Change From Baseline in the Mean Value of 24-hour Glucose at Week 2

Change from baseline in the mean value of 24-hour glucose readings measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring with co-administered saxagliptin 5 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg plus metformin with or without SU is noninferior to titrated insulin glargine plus metformin with or without SU after 2 weeks of open-label treatment. (NCT02551874)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Interventionmg/deciliter (dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Dapagliflozin + Saxagliptin + Metformin-48.53
Titrated Insulin + Metformin-28.54

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Mean Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 24

To examine whether the mean change from baseline in HbA1c with co-administered saxagliptin 5 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg plus metformin with or without SU is noninferior (noninferiority margin of 0.3%) to titrated insulin glargine plus metformin with or without SU after 24 weeks of open-label treatment. (NCT02551874)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Intervention% HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Dapagliflozin + Saxagliptin + Metformin-1.67
Titrated Insulin + Metformin-1.54

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Mean Change From Baseline in Total Body Weight at Week 24

To compare the mean change from baseline in total body weight with co-administered saxagliptin 5 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg plus metformin with or without SU versus titrated insulin glargine plus metformin with or without SU after 24 weeks of open-label treatment (NCT02551874)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Dapagliflozin + Saxagliptin + Metformin-1.50
Titrated Insulin + Metformin2.14

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Percentage of Subjects With Confirmed Hypoglycaemia at Week 24

Hypoglycemia defined as plasma glucose ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) (NCT02551874)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionAdjusted % Participants (Number)
Dapagliflozin + Saxagliptin + Metformin21.3
Titrated Insulin + Metformin38.4

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Total IV Insulin in ICU

Total IV insulin in ICU during recovery period. (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 2 days (average time of discharge from ICU)

Interventionunits (Mean)
Sitagliptin100.43
Placebo95.68

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Number of Subjects With Hyperglycemia in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Number of subjects with hyperglycemia (blood glucose greater than or equal to 300 mg/dL) in ICU recovery period. (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 2 days (average time of discharge from ICU)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin5
Placebo3

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Number of Subjects With Hyperglycemia (Blood Glucose Greater Than or Equal to 300 mg/dL) in Non-ICU

Number of subjects with hyperglycemia (blood glucose greater than or equal to 300 mg/dL) in non-ICU recovery period. (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin20
Placebo12

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Number of Subjects Returning to the ER Within 30 Days

Number of subjects returning to the ER within 30 days (all-cause). (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 30 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin61
Placebo57

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Number of Subjects Readmitted to the Hospital

Number of subjects readmitted to the hospital within 30 days (all-cause). (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 30 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin10
Placebo12

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Number of Patients With Severe Hypoglycemic Events in Non-intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Number of Patients With hypoglycemic events (blood glucose less than 40 mg/dL) in patients in non-intensive care unit (ICU). (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin0
Placebo0

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Number of Patients With Severe Hypoglycemic Events in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Number of Patients With severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose less than 40 mg/dL) in patients in intensive care unit (ICU). (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 2 days (average time of discharge from ICU)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin0
Placebo0

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Number of Patients With Hypoglycemic Events in Non-intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Number of Patients With hypoglycemic events (blood glucose less than 70 mg/dL) in patients in non-intensive care unit (ICU). (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin8
Placebo8

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Number of Patients With Hyperglycemia in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Number of patients with blood glucose (BG) levels greater than 180 mg/dl (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 2 days (average time of discharge from ICU)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin76
Placebo68

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Number of Patients Requiring Subcutaneous (SQ) Insulin After Discontinuation of Continuous Intravenous Insulin Infusion (CII)

Number of patients requiring subcutaneous (SQ) insulin after discontinuation of continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CII) (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin74
Placebo78

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Number of Patients Requiring Continuous Intravenous Insulin Infusion (CII)

Number of patients requiring CII to achieve a blood glucose level (BG) target between 150-200 mg/dl (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 2 days (average time of discharge from ICU)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin86
Placebo85

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Number of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Readmission

Number of re-admissions to intensive care unit during the same hospital course. (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionreadmissions (Number)
Sitagliptin14
Placebo7

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Number of Cerebrovascular Events

Number of cerebrovascular events including permanent stroke and reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionevents (Number)
Sitagliptin5
Placebo7

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Median Number of Days of Subcutaneous (SC) Insulin After Discontinuation of Continuous Intravenous Insulin Infusion (CII)

Median number of days patients requiring SC insulin after discontinuation of CII (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: Up to 14 days (time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventiondays (Median)
Sitagliptin4
Placebo4

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Mean Post-operative Blood Glucose (BG) Concentration

Mean post-operative blood glucose (BG) concentration during recovery period. (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Sitagliptin154.2
Placebo156.5

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Mean Insulin Dose Per Day During Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Recovery

Mean insulin infusion dose per day of ICU patients during recovery period. (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 2 days (average time of discharge from ICU)

Interventionunit/day (Mean)
Sitagliptin45.9
Placebo46.4

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Mean Blood Glucose (BG) Concentration in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Mean blood glucose (BG) concentration of ICU patients during recovery period. (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 2 days (average time of discharge from ICU)

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Sitagliptin148.7
Placebo149.8

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Length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Stay

Total number of days spent in intensive care unit (ICU) (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 2 days (average time of discharge from ICU)

Interventiondays (Median)
Sitagliptin2.0
Placebo2.2

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Duration of Intubation

Duration that patients required to be intubated (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventiondays (Mean)
Sitagliptin0.5
Placebo0.7

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Duration of Continuous Intravenous Insulin Infusion (CII)

Total hours of continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CII) (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: Up to 48 hours (average time of discharge from ICU)

Interventionhours (Mean)
Sitagliptin27.7
Placebo27.7

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Composite of Perioperative Complications

Number of perioperative complications including hospital mortality, infection,acute renal failure, and acute mycordial infarction. (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventionevents (Number)
Sitagliptin63
Placebo42

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Amount of Subcutaneous (SC) Insulin Taken in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Total amount of SC insulin taken by ICU patients during recovery period. (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 2 days (average time of discharge from ICU)

Interventionunits (Mean)
Sitagliptin1.0
Placebo2.2

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Amount of Subcutaneous (SC) Insulin in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) 48 Hours

Amount of subcutaneous (SC) insulin in intensive care unit (ICU) 48 hours during recovery period. (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 48 hours during recovery period

Interventionunits (Mean)
Sitagliptin0.48
Placebo1.5

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Number of Patients With Hypoglycemic Events in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Number of patients with events (blood glucose less than 70 mg/dL) in patients in intensive care unit (ICU). (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 2 days (average time of discharge from ICU)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin8
Placebo6

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Number of Patients With Persistent Hyperglycemia

Number of patients with two consecutive fasting and/or pre-meal blood glucose (BG) greater than 180 mg/dl, or with average daily BG greater than 80 mg/dl who require rescue therapy with subcutaneous (SC) insulin after discontinuation of continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CII). (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sitagliptin58
Placebo59

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Total Length of Hospital Stay

Total number of days spent in hospital (NCT02556918)
Timeframe: 10 days (average time of discharge from the hospital)

Interventiondays (Median)
Sitagliptin9
Placebo7

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Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C)

Expressed in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) units (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after randomization

Interventionpercentage of glycated hemoglobin (Mean)
Intervention5.9
Standard Care6.6

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Percentage of Weight Loss From Baseline

(Weight at randomization - weight at 12 weeks)/(weight at randomization) (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after randomization

Interventionpercentage of weight loss (Mean)
Intervention2.9
Standard Care1.0

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Change in Waist Circumference From Baseline

(Waist circumference at 12 weeks - waist circumference at randomization) (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after randomization

Interventioncm (Mean)
Intervention-3.0
Standard Care-1.3

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Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes

Severe hypoglycemic episode is defined as an event with clinical symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia in which the participant required the assistance of another person, and one of the following: (i) the event was associated with a documented self-measured or laboratory plasma glucose level NCT02561130)
Timeframe: During 64 weeks of follow-up

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intervention0
Standard Care0

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Number of Participants With Non-severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Episodes

Symptomatic hypoglycemic episode is defined as an event with clinical symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia. (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: During 64 weeks of follow-up

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intervention34
Standard Care15

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Number of Participants Achieving Drug-free HbA1C < 6.0%

Drug-free complete diabetes remission is defined as HbA1C < 6.0 % off glucose-lowering agents for at least 12 weeks. (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after randomization

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intervention6
Standard Care6

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Number of Participants Achieving Drug-free Diabetes Remission in the Experimental Group Compared to the Control Group

Drug-free diabetes remission is defined as HbA1C < 6.5 % off glucose-lowering agents for at least 12 weeks. (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after randomization

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intervention19
Standard Care13

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Number of Participants Achieving Drug-free Diabetes Remission

Drug-free diabetes remission is defined as HbA1C < 6.5 % off glucose-lowering agents for at least 12 weeks. (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 64 weeks after randomization

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intervention11
Standard Care6

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Number of Participants Achieving Diabetes Relapse Without Overt Hyperglycemia Off Diabetes Drugs

Diabetes relapse without overt hyperglycemia is defined as HbA1C 6.5-6.9% off glucose-lowering agents for at least 12 weeks. (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intervention20
Standard Care9

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Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes

(NCT02623998)
Timeframe: 64 weeks of follow-up

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intervention0
Standard Care0

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Number of Participants With Hyperglycemia Relapse in the Experimental Group Compared to the Control Group

"Hyperglycemia relapse for primary outcome was defined as any one of:~Capillary glucose >10 mmol/L on >/=50% of readings over 1 week;~HbA1C >/=6.5%;~use of diabetes drugs;~fasting plasma glucose >/= 7.0 mmol/L;~2-hour postprandial plasma glucose >/=11.1 mmol/L on an oral glucose tolerance test." (NCT02623998)
Timeframe: 64 weeks of follow-up

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intervention41
Standard Care48

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Number of Participants With Drug-free Normal Glucose Tolerance

Normal glucose tolerance is defined as a FPG<6.1 mmol/L and a 2-hour plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/L on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (NCT02623998)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after randomization

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intervention3
Standard Care1

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Number of Participants Achieving Drug-free Diabetes Remission

Diabetes remission is defined as absence of hyperglycemia relapse (NCT02623998)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after randomization

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Intervention8
Standard Care4

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Change in Waist Circumference

(NCT02623998)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks after randomization

Interventioncm (Mean)
Intervention-2.3
Standard Care-1.8

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Percent Change in Weight

(NCT02623998)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks after randomization

Intervention% change (Mean)
Intervention-2.1
Standard Care-1.4

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Local and Systemic Allergic Reactions

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 40 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
LocalSystemic
Lantus®10
Mylan's Insulin Glargine11

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Change From Baseline in Cross-Reactive Insulin Antibody - Lantus Assay

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 weeks

Interventionpercent binding (Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-1.232
Lantus®-2.192

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Change From Baseline in Cross-Reactive Insulin Antibody - Mylan Insulin Glargine Assay

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 weeks

Interventionpercent binding (Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-2.051
Lantus®-2.252

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-0.56
Lantus®0.10

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Change From Baseline in Total Insulin Antibodies - Lantus Assay

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 weeks

Interventionpercent binding (Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-1.288
Lantus®-2.351

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Change From Baseline in Total Insulin Antibodies - Mylan Insulin Glargine Assay

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 weeks

Interventionpercent binding (Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-2.098
Lantus®-2.474

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Change From Baseline Total Daily Insulin Dose

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 weeks

InterventionUnits per kilogram (Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine0.0016
Lantus®0.0023

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Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) From Baseline

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 weeks

Interventionpercent (Least Squares Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-0.05
Lantus®-0.06

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Hypoglycemic Incidence

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 weeks

Interventionevents (Number)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine58
Lantus®57

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Hypoglycemic Rate

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 weeks

Interventionepisodes/30 days (Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine0.627
Lantus®0.410

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Overall Average of Self-monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Change From Baseline

(NCT02666430)
Timeframe: Baseline to 36 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Mylan's Insulin Glargine-0.144
Lantus®-0.426

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Glycemic Variability: Mean Amplitude of Glucose Excursion (MAGE)

Mean amplitude of interstitial glucose excursions (MAGE) during the last 48 h of the ambulatory continuous glucose monitoring of 3 days (Guardian®, Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge); starting in the day 3 of the administration of insulin degludec or glargine (NCT02680457)
Timeframe: 2 days

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Insulin Degludec75.2
Insulin Glargine68.5

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Glycemic Variability: Area Under the Curve of Glucose

Area under the curve of glucose of the second day of continuous ambulatory glucose monitoring of 3 days (Guardian®, Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge) (NCT02680457)
Timeframe: Every 5 min for 24 hours on day 5 post-dose

Interventionmg*h/dL (Mean)
Insulin Degludec46776
Insulin Glargine46499

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Coefficient of Variation (CV%) in Mean CGM Glucose

CV% was a measure of spread of variability relative to mean of population. For CGM glucose values over 24 hours, CV% was measure of glycemic variability across 24-hour day and calculated for each period (total, within day and between days) as ratio of standard deviation of glucose values to mean of glucose values. (NCT02688933)
Timeframe: During Week 15 and/or Week 16

,
Interventionpercent of mean glucose level (Least Squares Mean)
Total CV%Within-day CV%Between-days CV%
HOE901-U30041.2736.9917.44
Lantus40.7236.2317.53

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Change From Baseline in Daily Insulin Dose at Week 16

Change from Baseline at Week 16 for daily basal insulin dose and daily bolus insulin dose was reported. (NCT02688933)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16

,
InterventionInternational Units (Mean)
Daily basal Insulin DoseDaily bolus Insulin Dose
HOE901-U3008.8-1.8
Lantus7.0-3.0

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Percentage of Time of Mean Glucose Concentration Within the Target Range of 70-180 mg/dL as Obtained From CGM

The CGM system combined frequent interstitial glucose measurements (every 5 minutes) with ability to analyze glucose levels in real time. Adjusted least square (LS) means and standard error (SE) were obtained from a generalized linear model with identity link including post baseline CGM assessment during Week 15 (and/or Week 16). (NCT02688933)
Timeframe: During Week 15 and/or 16

Interventionpercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U30055.40
Lantus55.18

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Change From Baseline in Time (Min) of Mean Glucose Concentration Within the Target Range of 70 to 180 mg/dL, by End of Study hbA1c Levels During Week 15 and/or Week 16

Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained from mixed model including post baseline CGM assessments. Data was reported for participants with an end of study HbA1c <7.5 or HbA1c >=7.5% over a 24 hour period. (NCT02688933)
Timeframe: Baseline, during Week 15 and/or Week 16

,
Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
End of study HbA1c <7.5%End of study HbA1c >=7.5%
HOE901-U300105.8411.64
Lantus56.0731.95

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Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycemia

Documented symptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia was defined as an event with typical symptoms of hypoglycemia accompanied by SMPG <=70 mg/dL that occurred between 00:00 and 05:59 hours as reported on the hypoglycemia electronic case report form (eCRF). (NCT02688933)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 16

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Documented <=70mg/dLDocumented <54 mg/dL
HOE901-U30070.850.9
Lantus68.354.1

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Documented Symptomatic Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Event Rate Per Participant-Year

Documented symptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia was defined as an event with typical symptoms of hypoglycemia accompanied by SMPG <=70 mg/dL that occurred between 00:00 and 05:59 hours as reported on the hypoglycemia eCRF. (NCT02688933)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 16

,
Interventionevents per participant-year (Number)
Documented <=70 mg/dLDocumented <54 mg/dL
HOE901-U30011.384.99
Lantus11.395.61

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Percentage of Participants With FPG of <=130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) at Month 6

Participants without any available FPG assessment at month 6 and/or with a premature study discontinuation during the main 6-month randomized period were considered as a failure (non-responders) in the analysis. Analysis was performed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) method with randomization strata of screening HbA1c (<8.5%; >=8.5%) and randomization strata of age at screening (<12 years, >=12 years). (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30027.47
Lantus26.52

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Values of <7.5% Without Any Episode of Severe and/or Documented Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose ([SMPG] <54 mg/dL [3.0 mmol/L]) Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Last 3 Months of the Main 6-month Randomized Period

Participants without any available HbA1c assessment at month 6 and/or with a premature study discontinuation during the main 6-month randomized period were considered as a failure (non-responders) in the analysis. Analysis was performed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) method with randomization strata of screening HbA1c (<8.5%; >=8.5%) and randomization strata of age at screening (<12 years, >=12 years). (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: upto Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U3004.29
Lantus4.78

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Change From Baseline in 24-Hour Mean Plasma Glucose Based on 8-point SMPG Profiles to Month 6

8-point SMPG profiles were measured at the following 8 points: between 01:00 and 04:00 (clock time) at night, pre-breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, pre-lunch, 2 hours after lunch, pre-dinner, 2 hours after dinner, and bedtime. Analysis was performed using a ANCOVA model including the fixed categorical effects of treatment group, randomization strata of screening HbA1c (<8.5%; >=8.5%), randomization strata of age at screening (<12 years, >=12 years) and the baseline 24-hour average 8-point profile SMPG. (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 6

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U3000.139
Lantus-0.266

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Percentage of Participants With Any Hyperglycemia With Ketosis at Month 12

Hyperglycemia with ketosis was defined as SMPG >=252 mg/dL (14 mmol/L) with accompanying self-measured blood ketones >=1.5 mmol/L. (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: Month 12

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U3009.9
Lantus13.6

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Change From Baseline in Variability of 24-Hour Mean Plasma Glucose Based on 8-point SMPG Profiles at Month 6

8-point SMPG profiles were measured at the following 8 points: between 01:00 and 04:00 (clock time) at night, pre-breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, pre-lunch, 2 hours after lunch, pre-dinner, 2 hours after dinner, and bedtime. Variability was assessed by the coefficient of variation (standard deviation divided by mean) calculated over the 8-point SMPG. Analysis was performed using a ANCOVA model including the fixed categorical effects of treatment group, randomization strata of screening HbA1c (<8.5%; >=8.5%) and randomization strata of age at screening (<12 years, >=12 years). (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

Interventionpercentage of mean variability (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U3001.469
Lantus0.789

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c to Month 6

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Month 6 value. Adjusted least-square (LS) means and standard errors (SE) were obtained using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) after multiple imputations of missing data using post-baseline HbA1c data available on the main 6-month randomized period. (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 6

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-0.399
Lantus-0.402

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Change From Baseline to Month 6 in 8-Point SMPG Profile Per Time Point

8-point SMPG profiles were measured for following 8 time points at Baseline and Month 6: between 01:00 and 04:00 (clock time) at night, pre-breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, pre-lunch, 2 hours after lunch, pre-dinner, 2 hours after dinner, and bedtime. (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 6

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Between 01:00 and 04:00 at nightPre-breakfast2 hours after breakfastPre-lunch2 hours after lunchPre-dinner2 hours after dinnerBedtime
HOE901-U3000.84-0.41-0.260.430.490.290.510.86
Lantus-0.60-1.71-0.621.11-0.55-0.020.60-0.60

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Percentage of Participants With at Least One Hypoglycemic Events (Any Hypoglycemia, Severe Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic, Probable Symptomatic, Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia, Pseudo-hypoglycemia and Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia) at Month 12

Severe hypoglycemia: an event in which the child/adolescent having altered mental status and cannot assist in their care, is semiconscious or unconscious, or in coma ± convulsions and may require parenteral therapy (glucagon or glucose). Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia: an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Asymptomatic hypoglycemia: an event not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose concentration <=70 mg/dL. Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia: an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by plasma glucose determination but was presumably caused by a plasma glucose concentration <=70 mg/dL. Pseudo-hypoglycemia:an event with any of the typical symptoms of hypoglycaemia with plasma glucose concentration >70 mg/dL. (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: Month 12

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypoglycemiaSevere HypoglycemiaDocumented Symptomatic HypoglycemiaProbable Symptomatic HypoglycemiaAsymptomatic HypoglycemiaPseudo-hypoglycemiaSevere and/or documented hypoglycemia
HOE901-U30099.18.694.810.388.415.999.1
Lantus98.711.093.913.689.514.598.2

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c Values of <7.5% at Month 6

Participants without any available HbA1c assessment at month 6 and/or with a premature study discontinuation during the main 6-month randomized period were considered as a failure (non-responders) in the analysis. Analysis was performed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) method with randomization strata of screening HbA1c (<8.5%; >=8.5%) and randomization strata of age at screening (<12 years, >=12 years). (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U30026.18
Lantus23.48

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) to Month 6

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Month 6 value. Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using ANCOVA after multiple imputation to address missing data in the main 6 month randomized period. (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 6

Interventionmillimole per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
HOE901-U300-0.563
Lantus-0.549

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Percentage of Participants With FPG of <=130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) Without Any Episode of Severe and/or Documented (SMPG <54 mg/dL [3.0 mmol/L]) Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During the Last 3 Months of the Main 6-month Randomized Period

Participants without any available HbA1c assessment at month 6 and/or with a premature study discontinuation during the main 6-month randomized period were considered as a failure (non-responders) in the analysis. Analysis was performed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) method with randomization strata of screening HbA1c (<8.5%; >=8.5%) and randomization strata of age at screening (<12 years, >=12 years). (NCT02735044)
Timeframe: upto Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HOE901-U3009.44
Lantus7.39

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Change From Baseline in 8 Point SMPG Profile to Week 12 and Week 24 Per Time Point

8-point SMPG profiles were measured at the following 8 points: 03:00 at night, pre-breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, pre-lunch, 2 hours after lunch, pre-dinner, 2 hours after dinner, and bedtime. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 12: 03:00 at nightWeek 12: Pre-breakfastWeek 12: 2 hours after breakfastWeek 12: Pre-lunchWeek 12: 2 hours after lunchWeek 12: Pre-dinnerWeek 12: 2 hours after dinnerWeek 12: BedtimeWeek 24: 03:00 at nightWeek 24: Pre-breakfastWeek 24: 2 hours after breakfastWeek 24: Pre-lunchWeek 24: 2 hours after lunchWeek 24: Pre-dinnerWeek 24: 2 hours after dinnerWeek 24: Bedtime
Toujeo-2.77-3.42-3.20-2.64-2.51-2.04-2.32-2.44-2.65-3.37-3.30-2.81-2.74-1.87-2.28-2.52
Tresiba-2.28-3.00-3.23-2.50-1.99-1.93-1.76-2.08-2.43-3.03-3.50-2.29-1.93-1.86-2.07-2.09

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Change From Baseline in Total Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) Status at Week 12 and Week 24

The DTSQs is a validated questionnaire to assess participant's satisfaction with their diabetes treatment. It consists of 8 items that are answered on a Likert scale from 0 to 6. Total treatment satisfaction score is the sum of items 1, 4-8 scores and ranged from 0 (no satisfaction) to 36 (high satisfaction with treatment). Adjusted least square means and standard errors were obtained from a mixed-effect model with MMRM. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 12Week 24
Toujeo5.085.77
Tresiba5.325.44

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Self-Monitoring Plasma Glucose (SMPG) to Week 12 and Week 24

Fasting SMPG was measured by the participant before breakfast and before the administration of the glucose-lowering agents once a day during the study. Adjusted LS means were obtained from MMRM including post baseline values during the 24 week on treatment period. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Week 12Week 24
Toujeo-3.26-3.23
Tresiba-3.25-3.29

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) to Week 12 and Week 24

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 12 and Week 24 value. Adjusted LS means were obtained from MMRM including post baseline values during the 24-week on-treatment period. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Week 12Week 24
Toujeo-3.64-3.52
Tresiba-3.89-3.95

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Change From Baseline in 24-hour Average 8-point SMPG Profile to Week 12 and Week 24

The 8-point SMPG profile was measured at the following 8 points: 03:00 at night, pre-breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, pre-lunch, 2 hours after lunch, pre-dinner, 2 hours after dinner, and bedtime. Adjusted LS means were obtained from MMRM. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Week 12Week 24
Toujeo-2.57-2.62
Tresiba-2.50-2.53

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Percentage of Participants With At Least One Hypoglycemic Events (Any, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia: Any Time of the Day) by Study Period

Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Severe and/or confirmed hypoglycemia event was a severe event or an event confirmed with plasma glucose =<70 mg/dL (=<3.9 mmol/L), or < 54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L). Assessment was done by treatment period (for =<12 weeks, for >12 weeks to =<24 weeks (24W)). Percentage of participants with at least one hypoglycemia (hypo) event at any time of the day were reported. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Day 1-Week 12, Week 13-Week 24, and 24 Week Period

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypo Day1-Week 12Any hypo Week13-14Any hypo 24 week periodSevere and/or confirmed hypo (=<70mg/dL) D1-W12Severe and/or confirmed hypo (=<70mg/dL) W13-14Severe and/or confirmed hypo(=<70mg/dL) 24W periodSevere and/or confirmed hypo (< 54mg/dL) D1-W12Severe and/or confirmed hypo( <54 mg/dL) W13-14Severe and/or confirmed hypo (<54mg/dL) 24W period
Toujeo53.057.270.147.454.166.57.89.814.7
Tresiba58.457.471.254.355.869.011.711.218.4

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Percentage of Participants Reaching Target HbA1c of < 7% and =<6.5% at Week 12 and Week 24

Only the post-baseline HbA1c measurements before rescue and during the 12 week and 24-week on-treatment period were considered in the analysis. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Week 12, and Week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Participants who reached the target <7% at Week 12Participants who reached target <=6.5% at Week 12Participants who reached the target <7% at Week 24Participants who reached target <=6.5% at Week 24
Toujeo34.6311.4748.7021.21
Tresiba36.1514.2944.5919.70

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Percentage of Participants With At Least One Hypoglycemic Events (Any, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia: Nocturnal) by Study Period

Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Severe and/or confirmed hypoglycaemia event was a severe event or an event confirmed with plasma glucose =<70 mg/dL (=<3.9 mmol/L), or < 54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L). Nocturnal hypoglycemia was hypoglycemia that occurred between 00:00 and 05:59 hours (clock time). Assessment was done by treatment period (for =<12 weeks, for >12 weeks to =<24 weeks). (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Day 1-Week 12, Week 13-Week 24, and 24 Week Period

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypo D1-W12Any hypo W13-14Any hypo 24Week periodSevere and/or confirmed hypo (=<70mg/dL)D1-W12Severe and/or confirmed hypo (=<70mg/dL)W13-14Severe and/or confirmed hypo(=<70mg/dL)24W PeriodSevere and/or confirmed hypo(< 54mg/dL)D1-W12Severe and/or confirmed hypo(< 54mg/dL)W13-14Severe and/or confirmed hypo(< 54mg/dL)24W Period
Toujeo18.422.731.215.221.428.62.84.56.1
Tresiba21.021.230.318.821.028.83.53.86.1

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c to Week 12

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 12 value. Adjusted least square means and standard errors were obtained from a mixed-effect model with MMRM. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Toujeo-1.37
Tresiba-1.39

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c to Week 24

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Adjusted Least Square (LS) means and standard errors were obtained from a mixed-effect model with repeated measures (MMRM) to account for missing data, using all post-baseline HbA1c data available during the 24-week on-treatment period. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Toujeo-1.64
Tresiba-1.59

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Percentage of Participants Requiring a Rescue Therapy During 24 Weeks Treatment Period

Routine fasting SMPG and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after Week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. Threshold values at Week 12: FPG >200 mg/dL (11 mmol/L), or HbA1c >8.5%. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Toujeo1.30
Tresiba1.30

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Percentage of Participants With Sulphonylurea or Meglitinide Dose Reduction/ Discontinuation Due to Hypoglycemia During 24 Weeks Treatment Period

Percentage of participants With Sulphonylurea or Meglitinide dose reduction/ discontinuation due to Hypoglycemia during 24 Week treatment period were reported. Only participants with Sulphonylurea or meglitinides at Screening as per actual strata were taken into account in this analysis. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Toujeo4.98
Tresiba4.76

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Change From Baseline in Basal Insulin Dose (U/kg Body Weight) to Week 12 and Week 24

Only the insulin dose measurements performed before initiation of rescue therapy and during the on-treatment period were considered in the analysis. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

,
InterventionUnits per kilogram (U/kg) (Mean)
Week 12Week 24
Toujeo0.2890.357
Tresiba0.2550.309

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Change From Baseline in 4-point SMPG Profile to Week 12 and Week 24 Per Time Point

4-point SMPG profiles were measured at the following 4 points: prebreakfast, prelunch, predinner and bedtime. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 12: Pre-breakfastWeek 12: Pre-lunchWeek 12: Pre-dinnerWeek 12: BedtimeWeek 24: Pre-breakfastWeek 24: Pre-lunchWeek 24: Pre-dinnerWeek 24: Bedtime
Toujeo-3.41-2.63-2.03-2.41-3.38-2.81-1.88-2.51
Tresiba-2.97-2.44-1.92-2.11-2.99-2.26-1.86-2.10

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Percentage of Participants Reaching Target HbA1c <7% and =<6.5% at Week 12 and Week 24 Without Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia (70 mg/dL) Event

Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Severe and/or confirmed hypoglycemia event was a severe event or an event confirmed by plasma glucose =<3.9 mmol/L (=<70 mg/dL). (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Week 12, and Week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week12: Participants who reached the target <7%Week12: Participants who reached target <=6.5%Week24: Participants who reached the target <7%Week24: Participants who reached target <=6.5%
Toujeo16.454.1113.425.84
Tresiba13.644.5512.995.19

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Hypoglycemia (Any, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia: Nocturnal ) Event Rate Per Participant Year During Study Period

Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Severe and/or confirmed hypoglycemia event was a severe event or an event confirmed with plasma glucose =<70 mg/dL (=<3.9 mmol/L), or < 54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L). Nocturnal hypoglycemia was hypoglycemia that occurred between 00:00 and 05:59 hours (clock time). (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Day 1-Week 12, Week 13-Week 24, and 24 Week Period

,
InterventionEvents per participant year (Number)
Any hypo D1-W12Any hypo W13-14Any hypo 24Week periodSevere and/or confirmed hypo(=<70mg/dL)D1-W12Severe and/or confirmed hypo(=<70mg/dL)W13-14Severe and/or confirmed hypo(=<70mg/dL)24W PeriodSevere and/or confirmed hypo(< 54mg/dL)D1-W12Severe and/or confirmed hypo(< 54mg/dL)W13-14Severe and/or confirmed hypo(< 54mg/dL)24W Period
Toujeo1.652.321.981.422.241.830.160.330.24
Tresiba2.362.392.382.202.332.260.190.260.22

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Hypoglycemia (Any, Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemia: Any Time of the Day) Event Rate Per Participant Year During Study Period

Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Severe and/or confirmed hypoglycemia event was a severe event or an event confirmed with plasma glucose =<70 mg/dL (=<3.9 mmol/L), or < 54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L). (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Day 1-Week 12, Week 13-Week 24, and 24 Week Period

,
InterventionEvents per participant year (Number)
Any hypo Day1-Week12Any hypo Week13-14Any hypo 24 Week periodSevere and/or confirmed hypo (=<70mg/dL) D1-W12Severe and/or confirmed hypo (=<70mg/dL) W13-14Severe and/or confirmed hypo (≤70mg/dL) 24W periodSevere and/or confirmed hypo (< 54mg/dL) D1-W12Severe and/or confirmed hypo( <54 mg/dL) W13-14Severe and/or confirmed hypo (<54mg/dL) 24W period
Toujeo8.9311.2810.098.0810.649.340.490.730.61
Tresiba11.3111.6011.4510.4711.2110.830.860.910.88

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Change From Baseline in Variability of Fasting SMPG to Week 12 and Week 24

Adjusted LS means were obtained from MMRM. Variability was assessed by the mean of coefficient of variation calculated over at least 3 SMPG measured during the 7 days preceding the given visit. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of mean variability (Least Squares Mean)
Week 12Week 24
Toujeo2.381.49
Tresiba2.621.97

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Change From Baseline in Variability of 24-Hour 8-Point SMPG Profiles at Week 12 and Week 24

Adjusted LS means were obtained from MMRM. (NCT02738151)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of mean variability (Least Squares Mean)
Week 12Week 24
Toujeo4.083.70
Tresiba4.733.95

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Change From Baseline in Total Daily Insulin Dose (Units) at Week 30

Change from baseline reflects the Week 30 total daily insulin dose minus the Week 0 total daily insulin dose. The Week 0 total daily insulin dose was 0, by definition, because insulin was not administered at baseline. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 30

InterventionInsulin Units (Least Squares Mean)
Sitagliptin53.2
Placebo61.3

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Event Rate of Documented Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L)

Documented hypoglycemia is defined by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L). The event rate was the total number of events divided by follow-up time (participant-years), including multiple events from the same participant. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

InterventionEvents/Participant-Years (Number)
Sitagliptin0.30
Placebo0.36

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Event Rate of Documented Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L)

Documented hypoglycemia is defined by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). The event rate was the total number of events divided by follow-up time (participant-years), including multiple events from the same participant. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

InterventionEvents/Participant-Years (Number)
Sitagliptin5.05
Placebo6.21

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Event Rate of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L)

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L). The event rate was the total number of events divided by follow-up time (participant-years), including multiple events from the same participant. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

InterventionEvents/Participant-Years (Number)
Sitagliptin0.17
Placebo0.22

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Percentage of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L)

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L). (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Sitagliptin7.6
Placebo8.3

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced One or More Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 32 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Sitagliptin57.9
Placebo60.0

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Percentage of Participants With A1C Goal <7.0% (<53 mmol/Mol at Week 30 and No Documented Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L) up to Week 30

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Week 30

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Sitagliptin15.3
Placebo10.0

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Percentage of Participants With A1C Goal <7.0% (<53 mmol/Mol) at Week 30

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Week 30

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Sitagliptin54.2
Placebo35.4

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Percentage of Participants With Documented Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L)

Documented hypoglycemia is defined by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L). (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Sitagliptin12.4
Placebo13.6

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Percentage of Participants With Documented Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L)

Documented hypoglycemia is defined by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Sitagliptin66.8
Placebo68.0

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Percentage of Participants With Events of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L)

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). The incidence (number of participants with ≥1 event divided by number of participants) of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was determined. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Sitagliptin33.5
Placebo37.7

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Event Rate of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L)

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). The event rate was the total number of events divided by follow-up time (participant-years), including multiple events from the same participant. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

InterventionEvents/Participant-Years (Number)
Sitagliptin1.55
Placebo2.12

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Change From Baseline in A1C at Week 30

A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 30 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 30

InterventionPercent A1C (Least Squares Mean)
Sitagliptin-1.88
Placebo-1.42

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 30

Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 30 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 30 minus FPG at Week 0). (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 30

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Sitagliptin-84.8
Placebo-78.3

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Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an AE

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Sitagliptin1.3
Placebo1.6

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Number of Patients Transferred to the ICU Immediately After Surgery or During Hospitalization

The number of patients who were transferred to the ICU immediately following surgery or anytime while hospitalized after surgery. (NCT02741687)
Timeframe: Up to time of discharge from hospital, an average of 10 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo1
Sitagliptin2

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Number of Participants With Hypoglycemic Events

Number of participants experiencing at least one episode of mild hypoglycemia (blood glucose < 70 mg/dL) or clinically significant hypoglycemia (blood glucose < 54 mg/dL) (NCT02741687)
Timeframe: Up to time of discharge from hospital, an average of 10 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Mild hypoglycemiaClinically significant hypoglycemia
Placebo20
Sitagliptin50

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Number of Participants Experiencing Complications

The number of subjects who experience complications including: wound infection, respiratory failure, pneumonia, acute kidney injury with a rise in creatinine by 38 micromoles/Liter from baseline, major adverse cardiac events, bacterial septic infection, and death. Participants will be followed for 30 days following hospital discharge and all complications will be documented. (NCT02741687)
Timeframe: Up to 40 days (average time of discharge from the hospital plus 30 days)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Wound infectionRespiratory failurePneumoniaAcute kidney injuryCardiac eventBacterial septic infection
Placebo000100
Sitagliptin000100

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Length of Hospital Stay

Total length of hospital stay (NCT02741687)
Timeframe: Up to time of discharge from hospital, an average of 10 days

Interventiondays (Median)
Placebo9
Sitagliptin11

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Total Daily Dose of Insulin for Patients Requiring Supplemental Insulin

Total daily dose of insulin for patients requiring supplemental insulin during surgery and recovery in participants receiving sitagliptin and those receiving the placebo (NCT02741687)
Timeframe: Up to time of discharge from hospital, an average of 10 days

Interventioninternational units of insulin (Number)
Sitagliptin5

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Number of Patients Requiring Supplemental, Subcutaneous Insulin

Number of patients requiring subcutaneous insulin, either sliding scale insulin or basal insulin (NCT02741687)
Timeframe: Up to time of discharge from hospital, an average of 10 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo0
Sitagliptin1

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Number of Participants With Hospital Readmissions After Discharge

Readmissions to the study hospital occurring within 30 days of hospital discharge were documented. There were no follow up phone calls or appointments with participants so any hospital readmissions to hospitals other than the one where the surgery occurred are not known. (NCT02741687)
Timeframe: Up to 40 days (average time of discharge from the hospital plus 30 days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo0
Sitagliptin1

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Number of Days in the ICU

The number of days a participant spent in the ICU following surgery, when transfer to the ICU was required. (NCT02741687)
Timeframe: Up to time of discharge from hospital, an average of 10 days

Interventiondays (Median)
Placebo2.0
Sitagliptin1.5

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Number of Participants With Emergency Room Visits After Discharge

Emergency room visits to the study hospital occurring within 30 days of hospital discharge were documented. There were no follow up phone calls or appointments with participants so any emergency room visits to hospitals other than the one where the surgery occurred are not known. (NCT02741687)
Timeframe: Up to 40 days (average time of discharge from the hospital plus 30 days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo0
Sitagliptin0

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Number of Participants Experiencing Stress Hyperglycemia

The number of participants with at least one episode of stress hyperglycemia. Stress hyperglycemia is defined as a blood glucose > 180 mg/dL. (NCT02741687)
Timeframe: Up to time of discharge from hospital, an average of 10 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo7
Sitagliptin5

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Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c ≤ 6.5%

The proportion of subjects achieving pre-defined HbA1c targets ≤ 6.5% after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. The results presented included retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
YesNo
IDegLira14750
IGlar100102

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Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c < 7.0% Without Weight Gain

The proportion of subjects achieving pre-defined HbA1c targets <7.0% without weight gain after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. The results presented included retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
YesNo
IDegLira91106
IGlar38164

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Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c < 7.0% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment and Without Weight Gain

The proportion of subjects achieving pre-defined HbA1c targets <7.0% without treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during the last 12 weeks of treatment and without weight gain. The results presented included retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
YesNo
IDegLira83114
IGlar34168

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Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c < 7.0% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment

The proportion of subjects achieving pre-defined HbA1c targets <7.0% without treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during the last 12 weeks of treatment. The results presented included retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
YesNo
IDegLira15641
IGlar11488

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Responder (Yes/No) for HbA1c Below 7.0%

The proportion of subjects achieving pre-defined HbA1c targets <7.0% after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. The results presented included retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
YesNo
IDegLira16730
IGlar14458

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Number of Treatment-emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes According to ADA Definition During 26 Weeks

American Diabetes Association (ADA) classification of hypoglycaemic episodes: 1)Severe: Requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate/glucagon/take other corrective actions. PG levels may not be available during an event, but neurological recovery following return of PG to normal is considered sufficient evidence that event was induced by a low PG level. 2) Documented symptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 3) Asymptomatic: PG ≤3.9 mmol/L without symptoms. 4) Probable symptomatic: No measurement with symptoms. 5) Pseudo: PG >3.9 mmol/L with symptoms. 6) Unclassifiable. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: Week 0-26

,
InterventionNumber of episodes (Number)
Severe - ADADocumented symptomatic - ADAAsymptomatic - ADAProbably symptomatic - ADAPseudo - ADAUnclassifiable hypoglycaemia - ADA
IDegLira123985023102
IGlar04199025140

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Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)

The mean change from baseline (week 0) in HbA1c values evaluated after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. The results presented included retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

,
InterventionPercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
HbA1c (%) at baselineHbA1c (%) change from baseline to week 26
IDegLira8.20-1.94
IGlar8.36-1.68

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Change from baseline (week 0) in FPG was evaluated after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

,
Interventionmmol/ L (Mean)
FPG (mmol/L) at baselineFPG (mmol/L) change from baseline to week 26
IDegLira9.51-3.72
IGlar9.57-3.50

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Change in Body Weight

The mean change from baseline (week 0) in body weight evaluated after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. The results presented included retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

,
Interventionkg (Mean)
Body weight (kg) at baselineBody weight (kg) change from baseline to week 26
IDegLira89.3-0.0
IGlar87.22.0

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Change From Baseline in the 9-point Self-measured Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Profile

Change in 9-point SMPG profile was evaluated after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. SMPG measurements at baseline and week 26 are presented here at the following mentioned time points:1) Before breakfast, 2) 90 mins after the start of Breakfast, 3) Before lunch, 4) 90 mins after the start of lunch, 5) Before dinner, 6) 90 mins after the start of dinner, 7) At bedtime, 8) At 4 AM, 9) Before breakfast the following day. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Before breakfast - BaselineNinety (90) minutes after breakfast - BaselineBefore lunch - BaselineNinety (90) minutes after lunch - BaselineBefore dinner - BaselineNinety (90) minutes after dinner - BaselineAt bedtime - BaselineAt 4.00 AM - BaselineBefore breakfast the following day - BaselineBefore breakfast - Week 26Ninety (90) minutes after breakfast - Week 26Before lunch - Week 26Ninety (90) minutes after lunch - Week 26Before dinner - Week 26:Ninety (90) minutes after dinner - Week 26At bedtime - Week 26At 4.00 AM - Week 26Before breakfast the following day - Week 26
IDegLira9.0111.798.9311.249.3311.4010.388.808.605.407.205.837.256.437.857.055.585.23
IGlar9.0011.779.2011.229.3611.4010.719.008.815.398.356.358.496.778.707.795.725.36

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Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure

Change from baseline (week 0) in systolic blood pressure (BP) was evaluated after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Systolic BP (mmHg) at baselineSystolic BP (mmHg) change from baseline to week 26
IDegLira130.5-3.0
IGlar128.90.6

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Change From Baseline in SMPG 9-point Profile: Prandial Plasma Glucose Increments (From Before Meal to 90 Min After Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner). The Mean Increment Over All Meals Will be Derived as the Mean of All Available Meal Increments

Mean prandial plasma glucose increments for each meal (from before meal to 90 min after breakfast, lunch and dinner) was evaluated after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. The mean increment over all meals was derived as the mean of all available meal increments are presented here. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
BaselineChange from baseline to week 26
IDegLira2.38-0.86
IGlar2.28-0.09

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Change From Baseline in Self-measured Plasma Glucose (SMPG) 9-point Profile: Mean of the 9-point Profile

Change in mean of the 9-point profile SMPG was evaluated after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. 9-point profile SMPG was measured at the following mentioned time points:1) Before breakfast, 2) 90 mins after the start of Breakfast, 3) Before lunch, 4) 90 mins after the start of lunch, 5) Before dinner, 6) 90 mins after the start of dinner, 7) At bedtime, 8) At 4 AM, 9) Before breakfast the following day. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Mean 9-point SMPG (mmol/L) at baselineMean 9-point SMPG change from baseline to week 26
IDegLira9.98-3.47
IGlar10.06-2.98

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Change From Baseline in Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) After 26 Weeks: Summary Scores of Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36v2)

The Short Form (SF)-36v2™ patient reported outcomes (PRO) questionnaire was used to assess the subject's overall health related quality of life (HRQoL). PRO questionnaire (SF-36v2™) measured the HRQoL which contains 36 items covering 8 domains of physical and mental health status. The raw scale scores from the SF-36 were transformed to a 0-100 scale scores (where higher scores indicated a better health status) which is further converted to norm-based scores using a T-score transformation in order to obtain a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 2009 reference population . The total/overall (SF-36v2™) scores for physical and mental health from baseline to week 26 are presented here. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Median)
Overall physical - BaselineOverall physical - Week 26Overall mental - BaselineOverall mental - Week 26
IDegLira51.353.253.354.4
IGlar51.554.653.354.4

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: Very-low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL Cholesterol)

The values of VLDL cholesterol from fasting lipid profile after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Median)
VLDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at baselineVLDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at week 26
IDegLira0.750.70
IGlar0.800.67

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL Cholesterol)

The values of LDL cholesterol from fasting lipid profile after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Median)
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at baselineLDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at week 26
IDegLira2.282.20
IGlar2.282.31

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL Cholesterol)

The values of HDL cholesterol from fasting lipid profile after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Median)
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at baselineHDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at week 26
IDegLira1.141.17
IGlar1.141.17

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: Free Fatty Acids

The values of free fatty acids from fasting lipid profile after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Median)
Free fatty acids (mmol/L) at baselineFree fatty acids (mmol/L) at week 26
IDegLira0.580.38
IGlar0.610.42

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: Cholesterol

The values of total cholesterol from fasting lipid profile after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Median)
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) at baselineTotal cholesterol (mmol/L) at week 26
IDegLira4.424.27
IGlar4.454.27

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Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure

Change from baseline (week 0) in diastolic blood pressure was evaluated after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Diastolic (mmHg) at baselineDiastolic (mmHg) change from baseline to week 26
IDegLira79.4-1.2
IGlar78.9-1.1

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Evaluation After 26 Weeks: Pulse Rate

Change from baseline (week 0) in pulse rate was evaluated after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionBeats/minute (Mean)
Pulse (beats/min) at baselinePulse (beats/min) change from baseline to week 26
IDegLira76.12.0
IGlar75.0-0.4

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Evaluation After 26 Weeks: Eye Examination: Fundoscopy/Fundus Photography

Reported results are fundus photography/fundoscopy (for both left and right eye) findings at screening and week 26 of randomised treatment. Since the values measured at the baseline (week 0) were not collected, the screening data (week -2, which is <= 2 weeks before baseline) is presented here. The findings are categorised as: 1) Normal. 2) Abnormal (not clinically significant [NCS]). 3) Abnormal (clinically significant [CS]). 4) Missing. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionNumber of subjects (Number)
Screening, Left eye (Normal)Screening, Left eye (Abnormal -NCS)Screening, Left eye (Abnormal-CS)Screening, Left eye (Missing)Week 26, Left eye (Normal)Week 26, Left eye (Abnormal -NCS)Week 26, Left eye (Abnormal-CS)Week 26, Left eye (Missing)Screening, Right eye (Normal)Screening, Right eye (Abnormal-NCS)Screening, Right eye (Abnormal- CS)Screening, Right eye (Missing)Week 26, Right eye (Normal)Week 26, Right eye (Abnormal-NCS)Week 26, Right eye (Abnormal- CS)Week 26, Right eye (Missing)
IDegLira1346870123662013369701206920
IGlar1317440125684013372401276640

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Evaluation After 26 Weeks: Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Reported results are ECG findings at screening and week 26 of randomised treatment. Since the values measured at the baseline (week 0) were not collected, the screening data (week -2, which is <= 2 weeks before baseline) is presented here. The findings are categorised as: 1) Normal. 2) Abnormal (not clinically significant [NCS]). 3) Abnormal (clinically significant [CS]). 4) Missing. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionNumber of subjects (Number)
Screening, NormalScreening, Abnormal NCSScreening, Abnormal CSScreening, MissingWeek 26, NormalWeek 26, Abnormal NCSWeek 26, Abnormal CSWeek 26, Missing
IDegLira14266101345820
IGlar14169001366400

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Change From Baseline After 26 Weeks in Waist Circumference

Mean change from baseline in waist circumference after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
Interventioncm (Mean)
Waist circum. (cm) at baselineWaist circum. (cm) change from baseline to week 26
IDegLira105.9-0.6
IGlar104.70.7

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Number of Treatment-emergent Severe or BG (Blood Glucose) Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe (subjects who were not able to self-treat) and/or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose values <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with accompanied symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: Week 0-26

InterventionNumber of episodes (Number)
IDegLira38
IGlar95

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Number of Treatment-emergent Nocturnal Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During 26 Weeks

Number of treatment-emergent nocturnal severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes (00:01-05:59 - inclusive) during 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: Week 0-26

InterventionNumber of episodes (Number)
IDegLira6
IGlar13

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Number of Treatment-emergent Adverse Events

Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were recorded from week 0 to week 26. TEAE was defined as an event that has onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than 7 days after the last day of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: Week 0-26

InterventionNumber of events (Number)
IDegLira450
IGlar386

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Insulin Dose, Total Daily Dose (U)

Actual daily total insulin dose (Units) was evaluated after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. The results presented included retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

InterventionUnits (U) (Mean)
IDegLira36.2
IGlar53.5

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipid Profile: Triglycerides

The values of triglycerides from fasting lipid profile after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
Interventionmmol/L (Median)
Triglycerides (mmol/L) at baselineTriglycerides (mmol/L) at week 26
IDegLira1.671.55
IGlar1.731.47

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Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c ≤ 6.5% Without Weight Gain

The proportion of subjects achieving pre-defined HbA1c targets ≤ 6.5% without weight gain after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. The results are based on retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
YesNo
IDegLira84113
IGlar26176

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Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c ≤ 6.5% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment and Without Weight Gain

The proportion of subjects achieving pre-defined HbA1c targets ≤ 6.5%without treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during the last 12 weeks of treatment and without weight gain. The results presented included retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionPartcipants (Number)
YesNo
IDegLira77120
IGlar24178

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Responder After 26 Weeks (Yes/No) for: HbA1c ≤ 6.5% Without Treatment-emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment

The proportion of subjects achieving pre-defined HbA1c targets ≤ 6.5%without treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during the last 12 weeks of treatment. The results presented included retrieved data at week 26 for subjects who prematurely discontinued the trial product. (NCT02773368)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks

,
InterventionParticpants (Number)
YesNo
IDegLira13760
IGlar79123

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Change From Baseline in the Daily Average of the 7-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) to Week 26: Core Period

The 7-point SMPG profile was measured at the following 7 points: pre-prandial and 2 hours postprandial for breakfast, lunch, dinner and at bedtime. Two hours postprandial (breakfast, lunch and dinner) was defined as 2 hours after the start of the meal. Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained from MMRM to account for missing data using all available post baseline data during the 26 week treatment period. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)-1.69
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-0.67

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26: Core Period

Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)1.89
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-1.14

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Change From Baseline in 2-Hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) During Standardized Meal Test to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period

The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a liquid standardized breakfast meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)-4.30

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Change From Baseline in 2-Hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) During Standardized Meal Test to Week 26: Core Period

The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a liquid standardized breakfast meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using last observation carried forward (LOCF). (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)-3.96
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-1.11

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Change From Baseline in 2-Hour Blood Glucose Excursion During Standardized Meal Test to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period

2-hour plasma glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG value minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to the start of meal and before IMP administration if IMP was injected before breakfast. Change in plasma glucose excursions were calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)-1.85

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Change From Baseline in 2-Hour Blood Glucose Excursion During Standardized Meal Test to Week 26: Core Period

2-hour plasma glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG value minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to the start of meal and before investigational medicinal product (IMP) administration if IMP was injected before breakfast. Change in plasma glucose excursions were calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)-1.51
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-0.52

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Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7% or <=6.5% at Week 26: Core Period

Participants without any available HbA1c assessment at Week 26 were considered as non-responders. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7%HbA1c <=6.5%
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist25.79.9
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)61.940.5

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Number of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Events Per Participant-Year: Single Arm Extension Period

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Hypoglycemic episodes with plasma glucose of <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) were also analyzed. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 52

Interventionevents per participant-year (Number)
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia(<=3.9 mmol/L)Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (<3.0 mmol/L)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)1.590.24

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Number of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia Events Per Participant-Year: Core Period

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Hypoglycemic episodes with plasma glucose of <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) were also analyzed. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 26

,
Interventionevents per participant-year (Number)
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia(<=3.9 mmol/L)Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (<3.0 mmol/L)
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist0.080.01
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)1.540.25

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy During the 52 Week Treatment Period: Single Arm Extension Period

Routine HbA1c value was used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. Threshold values at Week 12 or later on Week 12: HbA1c >8%. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: From Week 26 to Week 52

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)1.5

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy During the 26 Week Treatment Period: Core Period

Routine HbA1c value was used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. Threshold values at Week 12 or later on Week 12: HbA1c >8%. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)4.8
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist15.0

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Change From Baseline in the Daily Average of the 7-point Self-monitored Plasma Glucose (SMPG) to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period

The 7-point SMPG profile was measured at the following 7 points: pre-prandial and 2 hours postprandial for breakfast, lunch, dinner and at bedtime. Two hours postprandial (breakfast, lunch and dinner) was defined as 2 hours after the start of the meal. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)-1.68

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Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)-1.01

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Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) to Week 26: Core Period

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted least squares (LS) mean and standard error (SE) were obtained from Mixed-effect model with repeated measures (MMRM) to account for missing data using all available post baseline data during the 26 week treatment period. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)-1.02
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-0.38

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)-2.27

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) to Week 26: Core Period

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained from MMRM to account for missing data using all available post baseline data during the 26 week treatment period. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmillimoles per litre (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)-2.28
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-0.60

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight to Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period

Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionkg (Mean)
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)2.78

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Percentage of Participants Reaching HbA1c <7 % or <=6.5% at Week 52: Single Arm Extension Period

Participants without any available HbA1c assessment at Week 52 were considered as non-responders. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Week 52

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7%HbA1c <=6.5%
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC)64.142.7

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Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Number of treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were analysed during the following periods: weeks 0-26, weeks 16-26 and weeks 0-38. Treatment emergent: hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26, weeks 16-26, weeks 0-38

,
InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Weeks 0-26Weeks 16-26Weeks 0-38
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart329154537
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart376194640

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Number of Nocturnal, Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Number of nocturnal, treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were analysed during the following periods: weeks 0-26, weeks 16-26 and weeks 0-38. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes: episodes occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 both inclusive. Treatment emergent: hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment emergent if the onset of the episode occurred on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 calendar days after the last day on trial product. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26, weeks 16-26, weeks 0-38

,
InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Weeks 0-26Weeks 16-26Weeks 0-38
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart6124113
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart11858189

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Incidence of TEAEs

Number of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were analysed during the following periods: weeks 0-26, weeks 26-38 and weeks 0-38. Treatment emergent: An adverse event that had an onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than 7 days after the last day of randomised treatment. If an event had an onset date before the first day of exposure on randomised treatment and increased in severity during the treatment period, or if it had an onset date within 7 days after the last drug date, then this event was also to be considered as a TEAE. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26, weeks 26-38, weeks 0-38

,
InterventionEvents (Number)
Weeks 0-26Weeks 26-38Weeks 0-38
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart441173614
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart408117525

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Change in Pre-breakfast SMPG (Used for Titration)

Reported results are observed pre-breakfast self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG; used for titration) values at week 1 (baseline) and 26 and 38 weeks after randomisation. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Week 1, week 26, week 38

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Week 1 (Baseline)Week 26Week 38
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart158.3107.5102.9
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart149.4103.4103.8

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Change in Postprandial SMPG Increment (From 9-point Profile)

Change from baseline (week 0) in postprandial SMPG increment (from 9-point profile) was evaluated 26 and 38 weeks after randomisation, respectively. 9-point SMPG profiles were measured starting in the morning 2 days prior to the scheduled visit at the time points described below: 1) Before breakfast (2 days prior to visit) 2) 90 minutes after start of the breakfast 3) Before lunch 4) 90 minutes after start of the lunch 5) Before dinner/main evening meal 6) 90 minutes after start of the dinner/main evening meal 7) At bedtime (2 days or 1 day prior to visit depending on actual clock time) 8) At 4 a.m. (1 day prior to visit) 9) Before breakfast at the following day (1 day prior to the visit). (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 38

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline: Week 0Change from baseline: Week 26Change from baseline: Week 38
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart54.5-10.8-17.7
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart48.4-8.7-19.7

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Change in HbA1c (%) - Week 38

Change from baseline (week 0) in HbA1c was evaluated 38 weeks after randomisation. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 38

,
Intervention% of HbA1c (Mean)
Baseline (week 0)Change from baseline (week 38)
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart8.2-1.2
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart8.1-1.2

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Change in HbA1c (%) - Week 26

Change from baseline (week 0) in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was evaluated 26 weeks after randomisation. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26

,
Intervention% of HbA1c (Mean)
Baseline (week 0)Change from baseline (week 26)
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart8.2-1.1
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart8.1-1.1

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Change in FPG

Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was evaluated 26 and 38 weeks after randomisation, respectively. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 38

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline: Week 0Change from baseline: Week 26Change from baseline: Week 38
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart162.4-42.1-48.6
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart157.8-40.6-41.5

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Change in Body Weight

Change from baseline (week 0) in body weight was evaluated 26 and 38 weeks after randomisation, respectively. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 38

,
InterventionKg (Mean)
Baseline: Week 0Change from basline: Week 26Change from basline: Week 38
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart88.51.72.5
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart88.41.42.4

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Total Insulin Dose

Total insulin dose was evaluated 26 and 38 weeks after randomisation, respectively. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Week 26 and week 38

,
InterventionUnits (Mean)
Week 26Week 38
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart70.983.4
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart79.489.3

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Responder (Yes/No) for HbA1c <7% Without Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemia

Participants achieving (yes/no) HbA1c <7% without severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia, was evaluated 26 and 38 weeks after randomisation, respectively. Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: An episode that is severe according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia as per ADA classification: An episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. Plasma glucose concentrations may not be available during an event, but neurological recovery following the return of plasma glucose to normal is considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by a low plasma glucose concentration. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Week 26 and week 38

,
InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Week 26: YesWeek 26: NoWeek 38: YesWeek 38: No
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart7316860174
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart6118156177

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Responder (Yes/No) for HbA1c < 7%

Participants achieving (yes/no) HbA1c <7% was evaluated 26 and 38 weeks after randomisation, respectively. (NCT02906917)
Timeframe: Week 26 and week 38

,
InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Week 26: YesWeek 26: NoWeek 38: YesWeek 38: No
Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart12012113995
Insulin Glargine + Insulin Aspart12012214093

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Number of Days of Hospital Stay

The number of days of hospital stay for each subject will be recorded. (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days

Interventiondays (Median)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin6
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin4

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Mean Daily Glucose in Patients With Admission HbA1c Lower Than 8%

Glycemic control will be measured by mean daily blood glucose concentration for subjects with HbA1c lower than 8% at admission. The average of all pre-meal and bedtime glucose values will be calculated. (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: up to 3 months post enrollment

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin150
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin134.4

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Mean Daily Glucose in Patients With Admission HbA1c Higher Than 8%

Mean daily blood glucose concentration for subjects with HbA1c higher than 8% at admission will be recorded (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: up to 3 months post enrollment

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin152.3
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin155.6

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Mean Daily Blood Glucose Concentration Inpatient

The mean daily blood glucose concentration for all participants will be calculated by taking the average of all pre-meal and bedtime glucose values collected each day after the first day of therapy during the hospital stay. (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: up to 10 days (day of hospital discharge)

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin186
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin184

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Mean Daily Glucose in Patients With Length of Stay Shorter Than 5 Days

Glycemic control will be conducted by measuring mean daily blood glucose concentration for subjects with length of hospital stay shorter than 5 days (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: Up to 5 days

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin193.53
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin193.64

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Hospital Mortality

Number of hospital deaths that occur. (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: During hospital stay - up to 10 days

Interventionevents (Number)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin0
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin2

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Percent of Subjects With Severe Hypoglycemia

Percent of subjects experiencing severe hypoglycemia (BG <54 mg/dl) will be recorded. (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: 3 months post enrollment

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin0
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin6

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Percent of Subjects With Hypoglycemic Events

Percent of of subjects with hypoglycemic events (BG < 70 mg/dl) will be recorded. (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: 3 months post enrollment

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin8.7
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin9.5

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Mean Daily Blood Glucose Concentration After Hospital Discharge

Subjects will measure their blood sugar levels at home by finger stick before meals two or three times per day and record the readings in a diary. The readings will be averaged for each day and the mean daily blood glucose concentration will be calculated. (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: assessed from day 11 (day after hospital discharge) up to 3 months

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin171.6
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin164.5

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Mean Daily Glucose in Patients With Length of Stay Shorter Than 3 Days

Glycemic control will be conducted by measuring mean daily blood glucose concentration for subjects with length of hospital stay shorter than 3 days (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: Up to 3 days

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin169.71
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin196.72

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Mean Daily Glucose in Patients With Length of Stay Longer Than 5 Days

Glycemic control will be measured by mean daily blood glucose concentration for subjects with length of hospital stay longer than 5 days. The average of daily pre-meal and bedtime glucose values will be calculated. (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin188.46
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin174.55

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Percent of Blood Glucose 70-180 Measured by Point of Care Test

Percent of Blood Glucose Readings in the 70-180 mg/dL Range Measured by Point of Care Test (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: 3 months post enrollment

Interventionpercentage of BG readings (Mean)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin50.3
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin54.9

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Number Subjects With Cardiac Complications

The number of subjects experiencing cardiac cardiac complications will be recorded. (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: 3 months post enrollment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin5
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin11

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Number of Patients With Acute Renal Failure

The number of subjects with a clinical diagnosis with documented new-onset abnormal renal function (increment in serum creatinine > 0.5 mg/dL from baseline). (NCT03013985)
Timeframe: 3 months post enrollment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U300 and Glulisine Insulin1
Basal Bolus Insulin With Glargine U100 and Glulisine Insulin1

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Percentage of Participants With FPG ≤ 7.2 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) at End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks) (Yes/no)

Participants achieving a fasting plasma glucose value of less than or equal to 7.2 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) at end of treatment (up to 88 weeks). (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: At 88 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
YesNo
Insulin Degludec 20084.016.0
Insulin Glargine U30072.028.0

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Number of Nocturnal, Severe or BG-confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)

Nocturnal severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was evaluated at the end of trial (88 weeks). The nocturnal period defined as the period between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (both inclusive). Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: An episode that is severe according to the ADA 2013 classification or blood glucose (BG) confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. The observed rates (number of episodes divided by patient years of exposure multiplied by 100) of severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes per patient years of exposure (PYE) is presented in this endpoint results. (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: 88 weeks

InterventionEpisodes/(PYE*100) (Number)
Insulin Degludec 20036.93
Insulin Glargine U30060.03

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Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)

Severe hypoglycaemia are those episodes positively adjudicated by the event adjudication committee according to the ADA definition of a severe hypoglycaemic episode. This was evaluated for the total trial period (88 weeks). The observed rates (number of episodes divided by patient years of exposure multiplied by 100) of severe hypoglycaemic episodes per patient years of exposure (PYE) is presented in this endpoint results. (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: 88 weeks

InterventionEpisodes/(PYE*100) (Number)
Insulin Degludec 2002.06
Insulin Glargine U3005.21

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Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Maintenance 2 (36 Weeks)

Severe hypoglycaemia are those episodes positively adjudicated by the event adjudication committee according to the ADA definition of a severe hypoglycaemic episode. This was evaluated for maintenance 2 period. The observed rates (number of episodes divided by patient years of exposure multiplied by 100) of severe hypoglycaemic episodes per patient years of exposure (PYE) is presented in this endpoint results. (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: 36 weeks (maintenance 2)

InterventionEpisodes/(PYE*100) (Number)
Insulin Degludec 2000.98
Insulin Glargine U3004.88

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Number of Nocturnal, Severe or BG-confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Maintenance 2 (36 Weeks)

Nocturnal severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was evaluated during maintenance 2 (36 weeks). The nocturnal period defined as the period between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (both inclusive). Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: An episode that is severe according to the ADA 2013 classification or blood glucose (BG) confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. The observed rates (number of episodes divided by patient years of exposure multiplied by 100) of severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes per patient years of exposure (PYE) is presented in this endpoint results. (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: 36 weeks

InterventionEpisodes/(PYE*100) (Number)
Insulin Degludec 20062.30
Insulin Glargine U30093.75

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Number of Adverse Events From Randomisation to End of Maintenance Period 2 (up to 88 Weeks)

The adverse events presented are treatment emergent. A treatment-emergent AE (TEAE) was defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than 7 days after the last days of randomised treatment or had onset date before the first day of exposure on randomised treatment and increased in severity during the treatment period and until 7 days after the last date of randomised treatment. Number of adverse events expressed in rates, from randomisation to end of maintenance period 2 (up to 88 weeks) is presented. Rate = number of events divided by patient years of exposure multiplied by 100. (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: 88 weeks

InterventionEpisodes/(PYE*100) (Number)
Insulin Degludec 200367.32
Insulin Glargine U300365.42

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)

Change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was evaluated from baseline to end of treatment period (week 88). (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 88

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Mean)
Insulin Degludec 200-0.54
Insulin Glargine U300-0.46

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)

Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was evaluated from baseline to end of treatment period (week 88). (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 88

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Insulin Degludec 200-35.50
Insulin Glargine U300-25.68

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Number of Severe or BG-confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Maintenance 2 (36 Weeks)

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was evaluated during maintenance 2 (36 weeks) period. Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: An episode that is severe according to the ADA 2013 classification or blood glucose (BG) confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. The observed rates (number of episodes divided by patient years of exposure multiplied by 100) of severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes per patient years of exposure (PYE) is presented in this endpoint results. (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: 36 Weeks

InterventionEpisodes/(PYE*100) (Number)
Insulin Degludec 200216.8
Insulin Glargine U300243.9

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Change in Body Weight From Baseline to End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)

Change in body weight, measured in kilograms, from baseline (week 0) to end of treatment (week 88). (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 88

Interventionkg (Mean)
Insulin Degludec 2002.9
Insulin Glargine U3001.7

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < 7.0% (53 mmol/Mol) at End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks) and no Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Maintenance 2 (36 Weeks) (Yes/no)

Participants achieving target HbA1c of less than 7.0% at the end of treatment (88 weeks) without severe or BG-confirmed hypoglycaemia during maintenance 2 (36 weeks). (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
YesNo
Insulin Degludec 20035.364.7
Insulin Glargine U30030.070.0

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < 7.0% (53 mmol/Mol) at End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks) and no Nocturnal, Severe or BG-confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Maintenance 2 (36 Weeks) (Yes/no)

Participants achieving target HbA1c of less than 7.0% at the end of treatment (88 weeks) without nocturnal severe or BG-confirmed hypoglycaemia during maintenance 2 (36 weeks). (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: At 88 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
YesNo
Insulin Degludec 20047.452.6
Insulin Glargine U30039.360.7

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Basal Insulin Dose (U) at End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)

The observed mean daily basal insulin doses was evaluated at the end of trial (88 weeks). (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: 88 weeks

InterventionUnits (Mean)
Insulin Degludec 20066.6
Insulin Glargine U30073.0

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Percentage of Participants With FPG ≤ 5.0 mmol/L (90 mg/dL) at End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks) (Yes/no)

Participants achieving a fasting plasma glucose value of less than or equal to 5.0 mmol/L (90 mg/dL) at end of treatment (up to 88 weeks). (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: At 88 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
YesNo
Insulin Degludec 20031.568.5
Insulin Glargine U30021.778.3

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Change in Mean Pre-breakfast Self-measured Plasma Glucose Used for Titration From Baseline to End of Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)

Participants measured their pre-breakfast self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) value until end of treatment (week 88). Mean pre-breakfast self-measured plasma glucose used for titration at baseline and end of treatment (up to 88 weeks) are presented. (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 88

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Baseline (week 0)End of treatment (week 88)
Insulin Degludec 2008.395.46
Insulin Glargine U3008.415.56

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Number of Severe or BG-confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During Treatment (up to 88 Weeks)

Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was evaluated during treatment (up to 88 weeks). Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: An episode that is severe according to the ADA 2013 classification or blood glucose (BG) confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. The observed rates (number of episodes divided by patient years of exposure multiplied by 100) of severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes per patient years of exposure (PYE) is presented in this endpoint results. (NCT03078478)
Timeframe: 88 weeks

InterventionEpisodes/(PYE*100) (Number)
Insulin Degludec 200137.8
Insulin Glargine U300163.7

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Plasma Concentration/Time (AUC0-24) of MK-5160

Area Under the Plasma Concentration/Time Curve for MK-5160 from Time 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24) is a measure of the total amount of MK-5160 in the plasma from the dose administration to 24 hours. Glargine data are presented in the following outcome measure. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 1 clamp: -15 min. (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours FSOI. Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours FSOI.

,,,
Interventionhr*nM (Geometric Mean)
Day 1Day 12
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg9.7942.90
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg26.39105.5
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg17.4463.29
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg25.32147.7

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Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration

Time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of study drug after the dose is given. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 1 clamp: -15 min. (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours FSOI. Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours FSOI.

,,,,,
Interventionhour (Median)
Day 1Day 12
T1DM Glargine 0.4 U/kg3.491.50
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg0.750.75
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg0.751.00
T2DM Glargine 0.6 U/kg1.490.98
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg1.001.00
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg1.001.00

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Steady State Plasma Concentration (Css) of MK-5160

"Css of MK-5160 is the amount of MK-5160 in a given volume of plasma at the time a steady state has been achieved, and rates of MK-5160 administration and MK-5160 elimination are equal. Glargine data are presented in the following outcome measure." (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours FSOI.

InterventionnM (Geometric Mean)
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg1.79
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg4.40
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg2.64
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg6.15

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Apparent Terminal Half-life

Apparent Terminal Half-life (t1/2) is the time required for a given MK-5160 concentration in the plasma to decrease by 50%. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 1 clamp: -15 min. (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours FSOI. Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours FSOI.

Interventionhour (Geometric Mean)
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg20.01
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg21.69
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg13.10
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg14.47

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Day 12 to Day 1 Accumulation Ratio of AUC0-24.

Day 12 to Day 1 Accumulation Ratio (AR) of the AUC0-24 of study drug (MK-5160 or glargine). Geometric mean accumulation ratio = Day 12 AUC0-24/Day 1 AUC0-24 (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 1 clamp: -15 min. (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours FSOI. Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours FSOI.

InterventionRatio (Geometric Mean)
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg4.38
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg4.00
T1DM Glargine 0.4 U/kg1.24
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg3.63
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg5.83
T2DM Glargine 0.6 U/kg2.36

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Day 12 to Day 1 Accumulation Ratio of Cmax

Day 12 to Day 1 accumulation ratio (AR) of Cmax of MK-5160 and glargine following multiple dose administration of study drug. Geometric mean accumulation ratio = Day 12 Cmax/Day 1 Cmax. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 1 clamp: -15 min. (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours FSOI. Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours FSOI.

InterventionRatio (Geometric Mean)
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg3.08
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg3.40
T1DM Glargine 0.4 U/kg1.17
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg2.89
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg4.72
T2DM Glargine 0.6 U/kg1.80

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Maximal Glucose Infusion Rate

Maximal glucose infusion rate required to maintain target glucose levels in a euglycemic clamp setting (GIRmax) at steady state (Day 12) following administration of study drug. In cases where the lower bound of the CI was negative, the lower confidence limit was truncated at zero. In these cases, the confidence intervals are 97.5% CIs. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours post-dose on Day 12

Interventionmg/kg/min (Mean)
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg2.15
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg2.86
T1DM Glargine 0.4 U/kg2.56
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg1.98
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg2.15
T2DM Glargine 0.6 U/kg3.25

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Number of Participants Discontinuing Study Drug Due to an AE

An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation subject administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Up to 12 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg0
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg0
T1DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg0
T1DM Glargine 0.4 U/kg0
T2DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg0
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg0
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg0
T2DM Glargine 0.6 U/kg0

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Number of Participants Experiencing an Adverse Event (AE)

An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation subject administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Up to 33 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg6
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg6
T1DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg0
T1DM Glargine 0.4 U/kg4
T2DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg0
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg7
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg6
T2DM Glargine 0.6 U/kg4

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Plasma Clearance

Plasma Clearance (CL) of study drug is the volume of plasma cleared of study drug per unit time. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours FSOI.

InterventionL/hr/kg (Geometric Mean)
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg0.37
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg0.30
T1DM Glargine 0.4 U/kg10.01
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg0.51
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg0.43
T2DM Glargine 0.6 U/kg10.19

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Steady State Plasma Concentration (Css) of Glargine

"Css of glargine is the amount of glargine in a given volume of plasma at the time a steady state has been achieved, and rates of glargine administration and glargine elimination are equal. MK-5160 data are presented in the preceding outcome measure." (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours FSOI.

Interventionpmol/L (Geometric Mean)
T1DM Glargine 0.4 U/kg9.99
T2DM Glargine 0.6 U/kg14.72

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Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Glargine

Cmax of glargine following multiple dose administration of study drug. MK-5160 data are presented in the preceding outcome measure. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 1 clamp: -15 min. (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours FSOI. Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours FSOI.

,
Interventionpmol/L (Geometric Mean)
Day 1Day 12
T1DM Glargine 0.4 U/kg17.2620.28
T2DM Glargine 0.6 U/kg18.9734.18

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Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of MK-5160

Cmax of MK-5160 following multiple dose administration of study drug. Glargine data are presented in the following outcome measure. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 1 clamp: -15 min. (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours following start of injection (FSOI). Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours FSOI.

,,,
InterventionnM (Geometric Mean)
Day 1Day 12
T1DM MK-5160 16 Nmol/kg0.762.33
T1DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg1.585.38
T2DM MK-5160 32 Nmol/kg1.333.85
T2DM MK-5160 64 Nmol/kg1.919.03

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Plasma Concentration/Time (AUC0-24) of Glargine

AUC0-24 is a measure of the total amount of glargine in the plasma from the dose administration to 24 hours. MK-5160 data are presented in the preceding outcome measure. (NCT03095651)
Timeframe: Day 1 clamp: -15 min. (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours FSOI. Day 12: -15 min (predose), 10, 30 min., 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours FSOI.

,
Interventionhr*pmol/L (Geometric Mean)
Day 1Day 12
T1DM Glargine 0.4 U/kg193.6239.8
T2DM Glargine 0.6 U/kg149.6353.3

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Evaluation of CGM and POC Glucose Monitoring During DKA Treatment in Children.

Evaluation of the feasibility of CGM as a tool to monitor blood glucose levels during DKA treatment in children. The number of participants who consented to wear and placed the CGM is reported. (NCT03107208)
Timeframe: During treatment of DKA and within 12 hours after discontinuation of IV insulin.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Early Glargine (Lantus)4
Control Group2

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Rate of Recurrent Ketogenesis

Evaluate the rate of recurrent ketogenesis (beta-hydroxybutyrate ≥ 1.5 mmol/L within 12 hours after discontinuation of IV insulin) in children treated for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with early glargine versus standard-of-care management. The number of patients that met this threshold is reported. (NCT03107208)
Timeframe: Within 12 hours after discontinuation of IV insulin

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Early Glargine (Lantus)4
Control Group1

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Risk of Hypoglycemia Between Those Given Early Administration of Glargine Versus Those Given Standard-of-care Management.

Assessment of the frequency of hypoglycemic events during treatment of DKA, and within 12 hours after discontinuation of IV insulin, in children given early glargine versus standard-of-care management vs. the rate of blood glucose decrease while receiving IV insulin in children with DKA given early glargine versus standard-of-care management. The number of participants who experienced hypoglycemia is reported. (NCT03107208)
Timeframe: During treatment and within 12 hours after d/c IV insulin; while receiving IV insulin in children with DKA given early glargine versus standard-of-care management.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Early Glargine (Lantus)4
Control Group2

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Rate of Rebound Hyperglycemia

Evaluate the rate of rebound hyperglycemia with a glucometer, defined as a serum glucose level of greater than 180 mg/dL (>10 mmol/L) within 12 hours after discontinuation of IV insulin, in children treated for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with early glargine versus standard-of-care management. The number of patients that met this threshold is reported. (NCT03107208)
Timeframe: Within 12 hours after discontinuation of IV insulin

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Early Glargine (Lantus)20
Control Group18

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Time to Reach a 50% Decrease In Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (t1/2) Parts 1 and 3

t1/2 is the time required for a given drug concentration in the plasma to decrease by 50% after the drug dose is given in Parts 1 and 3 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected and at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionHours (Geometric Mean)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 4.0 Nmol/kg6.39
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg6.17
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg5.41
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg5.84
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg9.27
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg8.54
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg6.70

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Time to Reach a 50% Decrease In Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (t1/2) Part 4

t1/2 is the time required for a given drug concentration in the plasma to decrease by 50% after the drug dose is given in Part 4 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected and at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionHours (Geometric Mean)
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg (Period 1)8.26
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg (Period 2)9.09
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg (Period 3)7.28

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Time to Reach a 50% Decrease In Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (t1/2) Parts 1 and 3

t1/2 is the time required for a given drug concentration in the plasma to decrease by 50% after the drug dose is given in Parts 1 and 3 only. Healthy participants received glargine in Panel A-E, and participants with T1DM received glargine in Panel G and H. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. In Part 1, 8 participants (across 5 dosing panels) received glargine and had sufficient terminal phase data, and, in Part 3, 3 participants (across 2 dosing panels) received glargine and sufficient terminal phase data. These 8 participants in Part 1 were analyzed together and these 3 participants in Part 3 were analyzed together given the small numbers and same treatment (same dose of glargine) received. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected and at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionHours (Geometric Mean)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg18.8
Part 3 (T1DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg15.0

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Time to Reach a 50% Decrease In Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (t1/2) Part 4

t1/2 is the time required for a given drug concentration in the plasma to decrease by 50% after the drug dose is given in Part 4 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected and at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28) ]

InterventionHours (Geometric Mean)
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 1)45.2
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 2)8.10
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 3)46.5

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Rate of Plasma Drug Removal (CL/F) MK-1092 Parts 1 and 3

CL/F is the rate at which a drug is removed from the body via renal, hepatic, and other clearance pathways after the dose is given in Parts 1 and 3 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionL/hr (Geometric Mean)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 4.0 Nmol/kg25.6
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg35.0
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg33.8
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg32.2
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg31.7
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg33.6
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg35.9

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Rate of Plasma Drug Removal (CL/F) MK-1092 Part 4

CL/F is the rate at which a drug is removed from the body via renal, hepatic, and other clearance pathways after the dose is given in Part 4 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionL/hr (Geometric Mean)
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg (Period 1)55.6
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg (Period 2)45.9
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg (Period 3)40.7

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GIRmax After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (Part 4)

The GIRmax, following administration of MK-1092 SC or glargine SC, was determined by use of a continuous glucose infusion during the euglycemic clamp so that glucose levels remained in the euglycemic range and hypoglycemia was prevented. Blood glucose was monitored frequently (~every 5 minutes), allowing rapid changes to the rate of glucose infusion. For Part 4, a linear mixed effects model containing a fixed effect for treatment (MK-1092, Glargine), a nested effect from participants within treatment, an interaction between treatment and period (treatment by period: Period = Period 1, 2, 3) and a random effect due to participants was used. MK-1092 was administered to a single cohort of participants in Periods 1, 2, and 3. Glargine was administered to a single cohort of participants as 3.0 nmol/kg SC in Periods 1, 2, and 3. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 24 hours post-dose

Interventionmg/kg/min (Mean)
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg (Period 1)1.90
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg (Period 2)1.40
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg SC (Period 3)2.83
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg SC (Period 1)0.93
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg SC (Period 2)1.43
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg SC (Period 3)1.20

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GIRmax After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Healthy Adult Participants (Part 1)

The GIRmax required to maintain blood glucose at each participants' individual clamp target, following administration of MK-1092 SC or glargine SC was determined by use of a continuous glucose infusion during the euglycemic clamp so that glucose levels remained in the euglycemic range and hypoglycemia was prevented. Blood glucose was monitored frequently (~every 5 minutes), allowing rapid changes to the rate of glucose infusion. Mean and 95% CI were based on a linear fixed effects model containing a fixed effect for treatment (MK-1092 doses, Glargine). In Part 1, 10 participants (across 5 dosing panels) received glargine. These 10 participants in Part 1 were analyzed together given the small numbers and same treatment (same dose of glargine) received. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 24 hours post-dose

Interventionmg/kg/min (Mean)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 4.0 Nmol/kg0.92
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg1.69
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg3.10
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg3.32
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg4.39
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg2.72

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Maximal Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (Cmax) Part 4

Cmax is a measure of the maximum amount of drug in the plasma after the dose is given in Parts 4 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

Interventionpg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 1)85.6
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 2)91.9
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 3)105

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Maximal Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (Cmax) Parts 1 and 3

Cmax is a measure of the maximum amount of drug in the plasma after the dose is given in Parts 1 and 3 only. Healthy participants received glargine in Panel A-E, and participants with T1DM received glargine in Panel G and H. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. In Part 1, 9 participants (across 5 dosing panels) received glargine and had quantifiable glargine levels, and, in Part 3, 4 participants (across 2 dosing panels) received glargine and had quantifiable glargine levels. These 9 participants in Part 1 were analyzed together and these 4 participants in Part 3 were analyzed together given the small numbers and same treatment (same dose of glargine) received. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

Interventionpg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg115
Part 3 (T1DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg186

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Maximal Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (Cmax) Part 4

Cmax is a measure of the maximum amount of drug in the plasma after the dose is given in Parts 4 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionnM (Geometric Mean)
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg (Period 1)1.72
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg (Period 2)1.14
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg (Period 3)3.60

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Maximal Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (Cmax) Parts 1 and 3

Cmax is a measure of the maximum amount of drug in the plasma after the dose is given in Parts 1 and 3 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionnM (Geometric Mean)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 4.0 Nmol/kg0.382
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg0.747
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg1.63
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg2.91
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg6.82
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg0.788
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg3.43

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Number of Participants Who Discontinued the Study Due to an AE

An adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Adverse events that occurred beyond 14 days of dosing were considered Post-Trial AEs. Given the half-life of MK-1092 and glargine, any events observed beyond 14 days would not be considered a result of study drug and were therefore presented together. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: Up to 58 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg0
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 4.0 Nmol/kg0
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg0
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg0
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg0
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg0
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) Post-trial0
Part 2 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 + Insulin Lipro0
Part 2 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 + Insulin Lipro Post-Trial0
Part 3 (T1DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg0
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg0
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg0
Part 3 (T1DM) Post-Trial0
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 1)0
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 2)0
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 3)0
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg (Period 1)0
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg (Period 2)0
Part 4, (T2DM) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg (Period 3)0
Part 4 (T2DM) Post-Trial0

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GIRmax After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Adult Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) (Part 3)

The GIRmax required to maintain blood glucose at each participants' individual clamp target, following administration of MK-1092 SC or glargine SC was determined by use of a continuous glucose infusion during the euglycemic clamp so that glucose levels remained in the euglycemic range and hypoglycemia was prevented. Blood glucose was monitored frequently (~every 5 minutes), allowing rapid changes to the rate of glucose infusion. Mean and 95% CI were based on a linear fixed effects model containing a fixed effect for treatment (MK-1092 Doses, Glargine). In Part 3, 4 participants (across 2 dosing panels) received glargine. These 4 participants were analyzed together given the small numbers and the same treatment (same dose of glargine) received. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 24 hours post-dose

Interventionmg/kg/min (Mean)
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg1.33
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg2.74
Part 3 (T1DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg2.32

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Area Under the Plasma Drug Curve From 0 to Infinity (AUC0-inf) MK-1092 Parts 1 and 3

AUC0-inf is a measure of the total concentration levels of drug in the plasma after the dose is given in Parts 1 and 3 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionnM*hr (Geometric Mean)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 4.0 Nmol/kg10.6
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg17.2
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg37.5
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg76.0
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg161
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg21.5
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg74.9

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Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)

An adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Adverse events that occurred beyond 14 days of dosing were considered Post-Trial AEs. Given the half-life of MK-1092 and glargine, any events observed beyond 14 days would not be considered a result of study drug and were therefore presented together. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: Up to 112 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg1
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 4.0 Nmol/kg1
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg4
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg3
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg3
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg2
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) Post-trial0
Part 2 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 + Insulin Lipro3
Part 2 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 + Insulin Lipro Post-Trial1
Part 3 (T1DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg2
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg6
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg5
Part 3 (T1DM) Post-Trial2
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 1)3
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 2)1
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 3)0
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg (Period 1)3
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg (Period 2)3
Part 4, (T2DM) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg (Period 3)4
Part 4 (T2DM) Post-Trial0

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Time-Weighted Average GIR (TWA[GIR]) After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Healthy Adult Participants (Part 1)

The GIRmax required to maintain blood glucose at each participants' individual clamp target, following administration of MK-1092 SC or glargine SC was determined by use of a continuous glucose infusion during the euglycemic clamp so that glucose levels remained in the euglycemic range and hypoglycemia was prevented. Blood glucose was monitored frequently (~every 5 minutes), allowing rapid changes to the rate of glucose infusion in Part 1 only. TWA(GIR)= Time-weighted average based on GIR values calculated as AUC (area under the curve) based on GIR values observed from time zero to t divided by t, t= 24 hours. Mean and 95% CI are based on a linear fixed effects model containing a fixed effect for treatment (MK-1092 Doses, Glargine). In Part 1, 10 participants (across 5 dosing panels) received glargine. These 10 participants in Part 1 were analyzed together given the small numbers and same treatment (same dose of glargine) received. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 24 hours post-dose

Interventionmg/kg/min (Mean)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 4.0 Nmol/kg0.49
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg0.97
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg2.02
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg1.97
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg2.87
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg1.70

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Time-Weighted Average GIR (TWA[GIR]) After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Adult Participants With T2DM (Part 4)

The GIRmax required to maintain blood glucose at each participants' individual clamp target, following administration of MK-1092 SC or glargine SC was determined by use of a continuous glucose infusion during the euglycemic clamp so that glucose levels remained in the euglycemic range and hypoglycemia was prevented. Blood glucose was monitored frequently (~every 5 minutes), allowing rapid changes to the rate of glucose infusion in Part 4 only. TWA(GIR)= Time-weighted average based on GIR values calculated as AUC (area under the curve) based on GIR values observed from time zero to t divided by t, t= 24 hours. Mean and 95% CI were based on a linear mixed effects model containing a fixed effect for treatment (MK, Glargine), period (Period 1, Period 2 and Period 3), a nested effect from participants within treatment, and interaction between treatment and period. MK-1092 or glargine was administered to a single cohort of participants in Periods 1, 2, and 3. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 24 hours post-dose

Interventionmg/kg/min (Mean)
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg (Period 1)1.02
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg (Period 2)0.78
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg (Period 3)1.70
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 1)0.50
Part 1 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 2)0.64
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 3)0.67

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Time-Weighted Average GIR (TWA[GIR]) After a Single Dose Administration of Subcutaneous MK-1092 or Glargine to Adult Participants With T1DM (Part 3)

The GIRmax required to maintain blood glucose at each participants' individual clamp target, following administration of MK-1092 SC or glargine SC was determined by use of a continuous glucose infusion during the euglycemic clamp so that glucose levels remained in the euglycemic range and hypoglycemia was prevented. Blood glucose was monitored frequently (~every 5 minutes), allowing rapid changes to the rate of glucose infusion in Part 3 only. TWA(GIR)= Time-weighted average based on GIR values calculated as AUC (area under the curve) based on GIR values observed from time zero to t divided by t, t= 24 hours. Mean and 95% CI are based on a linear fixed effects model containing a fixed effect for treatment (MK-1092 Doses, Glargine). In Part 3, 4 participants (across 2 dosing panels) received glargine. These 4 participants were analyzed together given the small numbers and same treatment (same dose of glargine) received. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 24 hours post-dose

Interventionmg/kg/min (Mean)
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg0.72
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg1.92
Part 3 (T1DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg1.18

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Time to Reach Maximum Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (Tmax) Parts 1 and 3

Tmax is the amount of the time to reach the maximum concentration in the plasma after the drug dose is given in Parts 1 and 3 only. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected and at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionHours (Median)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 4.0 Nmol/kg18.00
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg12.00
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg18.00
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg18.00
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg12.00
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 8.0 Nmol/kg15.00
Part 3 (T1DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg15.04

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Time to Reach Maximum Plasma MK-1092 Concentration (Tmax) Part 4

Tmax is the amount of the time to reach the maximum concentration in the plasma after the drug dose is given in Part 4 only. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected and at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionHours (Median)
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg (Period 1)14.99
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg (Period 2)18.00
Part 4 (T2MD) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg (Period 3)21.04

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Time to Reach Maximum Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (Tmax) Parts 1 and 3

Tmax is the amount of the time to reach the maximum concentration in the plasma after the drug dose is given in Parts 1 and 3 only. Healthy participants received glargine in Panel A-E, and participants with T1DM received glargine in Panel G and H. In Part 1, 9 participants (across 5 dosing panels) received glargine and had quantifiable glargine levels, and, in Part 3, 4 participants (across 2 dosing panels) received glargine and had quantifiable glargine levels. These 9 participants in Part 1 were analyzed together and these 4 participants in Part 3 were analyzed together given the small numbers and same treatment (same dose of glargine) received. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected and at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionHours (Median)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg1.98
Part 3 (T1DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg1.74

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Time to Reach Maximum Plasma Insulin Glargine Concentration (Tmax) Part 4

Tmax is the amount of the time to reach the maximum concentration in the plasma after the drug dose is given in Part 4 only. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected and at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28) ]

InterventionHr (Median)
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 1)1.00
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 2)2.00
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 3)2.98

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Area Under the Plasma Drug Curve From 0 to Infinity (AUC0-inf) Insulin Glargine Part 4

AUC0-inf is a measure of the total concentration levels of drug in the plasma after the dose is given in Part 4 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

Interventionhr*pg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 1)4960
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 2)928
Part 4 (T2DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg (Period 3)8020

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Area Under the Plasma Drug Curve From 0 to Infinity (AUC0-inf) Insulin Glargine Parts 1 and 3

AUC0-inf is a measure of the total concentration levels of drug in the plasma after the dose is given in Parts 1 and 3 only. Healthy participants received glargine in Panel A-E, and participants with T1DM received glargine in Panel G and H. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. In Part 1, 8 participants (across 5 dosing panels) received glargine and had sufficient terminal phase data, and, in Part 3, 3 participants (across 2 dosing panels) received glargine and had sufficient terminal phase data. These 8 participants in Part 1 were analyzed together and these 3 participants in Part 3 were analyzed together given the small numbers and same treatment (same dose of glargine) received. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

Interventionhr*pg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 1 (Healthy Adults) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg3180
Part 3 (T1DM) Glargine 3.0 Nmol/kg4240

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Area Under the Plasma Drug Curve From 0 to Infinity (AUC0-inf) MK-1092 Part 4

AUC0-inf is a measure of the total concentration levels of drug in the plasma after the dose is given in Part 4 only. The method of dispersion referenced below of geometric coefficient of variation is actually percent geometric coefficient of variation. (NCT03170544)
Timeframe: -15 min (predose), 10 min, 30 min, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 3.0 hr, 4.0 hr, 6.0 hr, 9.0 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, an additional sample will be collected at the end of the clamp, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d and 7d after SC dose and at post-trial (Day 14 and Day 28)

InterventionnM*hr (Geometric Mean)
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 32 Nmol/kg (Period 1)46.1
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 16 Nmol/kg (Period 2)32.7
Part 4 (T2DM) MK-1092 64 Nmol/kg (Period 3)111

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Number of Participants With at Least One Hypoglycemic Event: Subgroup Analysis by Prior Use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog

Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions, because the participant was not capable of helping self. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=3.9 mmol/L (<=70 mg/dL) or plasma glucose level of <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: From first injection of IMP up to Week 26 or up to 1 day after last injection of IMP, whichever comes earlier, for Week 26 analysis, and from first injection of IMP up to 1 day after last injection of IMP for Week 52

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Week 26: Any hypoglycemiaWeek 26: Severe hypoglycemiaWeek 26: Documented symptomatic <=3.9 mmol/LWeek 26: Documented symptomatic < 3.0 mmol/LWeek 52: Any hypoglycemiaWeek 52: Severe hypoglycemiaWeek 52: Documented symptomatic <=3.9 mmol/LWeek 52: Documented symptomatic < 3.0 mmol/L
Prior Humalog/Liprolog Use: NovoLog/NovoRapid1063897010659682
Prior Humalog/Liprolog Use: SAR3414021046946710589974
Prior NovoLog/NovoRapid Use: NovoLog/NovoRapid17971621231849171138
Prior NovoLog/NovoRapid Use: SAR341402187617013919010175149

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Number of Participants With at Least One Hypoglycemic Event

Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions, because the participant was not capable of helping self. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=3.9 mmol/L (<=70 mg/dL) or plasma glucose level of <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: From first injection of investigational medicinal product (IMP) up to Week 26 or up to 1 day after last injection of IMP, whichever comes earlier, for Week 26 analysis, and from first injection of IMP up to 1 day after last injection of IMP for Week 52

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Week 26: Any hypoglycemiaWeek 26: Severe hypoglycemiaWeek 26: Documented symptomatic <=3.9 mmol/LWeek 26: Documented symptomatic < 3.0 mmol/LWeek 52: Any hypoglycemiaWeek 52: Severe hypoglycemiaWeek 52: Documented symptomatic <=3.9 mmol/LWeek 52: Documented symptomatic hypo < 3.0 mmol/L
NovoLog/NovoRapid2851025119329014267220
SAR3414022911226420729518274223

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events: Subgroup Analysis by Prior Use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog

Any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received IMP was considered an AE without regard to possibility of causal relationship with this treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were defined as AEs that developed or worsened or became serious during the main 6-month or 12-month on-treatment periods. (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: From first injection of IMP up to Week 26 or up to 1 day after last injection of IMP, whichever comes earlier for Week 26 analysis, and from first injection of IMP up to 1 day after last injection of IMP for Week 52

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Week 26: Any TEAEWeek 52: Any TEAE
Prior Humalog/Liprolog Use: NovoLog/NovoRapid5259
Prior Humalog/Liprolog Use: SAR3414026469
Prior NovoLog/NovoRapid Use: NovoLog/NovoRapid94109
Prior NovoLog/NovoRapid Use: SAR34140292115

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Number of Hypoglycemia Events Per Participant-Year

Number of hypoglycemia events (any, severe and documented [both thresholds]) per participant-year of exposure were reported. Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions, because the participant was not capable of helping self. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=3.9 mmol/L (<=70 mg/dL) or plasma glucose level of <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: From first injection of investigational medicinal product (IMP) up to Week 26 or up to 1 day after last injection of IMP, whichever comes earlier, for Week 26 analysis, and from first injection of IMP up to 1 day after last injection of IMP for Week 52

,
Interventionevents per participant-year (Number)
Week 26: Any hypoWeek 26: Severe hypoWeek 26:Documented symptomatic hypo (<=3.9 mmol/L)Week 26: Documented symptomatic hypo (<3.0 mmol/L)Week 52: Any hypoWeek 52: Severe hypoWeek 52:Documented symptomatic hypo (<=3.9 mmol/L)Week 52: Documented symptomatic hypo (<3.0 mmol/L)
NovoLog/NovoRapid69.710.1036.379.8164.460.0833.738.91
SAR34140273.330.1440.3611.1866.000.1235.689.37

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Percentage of Participants With Hypersensitivity Reactions and Injection Site Reactions

Participants with at least one treatment-emergent adverse event linked to hypersensitivity reaction and injection site reaction regardless of relationship to IMP during the main 6-month and the 12-month on-treatment periods was assessed and reported. (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: From first injection of IMP up to Week 26 or up to 1 day after last injection of IMP, whichever comes earlier, for Week 26 analysis, and from first injection of IMP up to 1 day after last injection of IMP for Week 52

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: Hypersensitivity ReactionsWeek 26: Injection site reactionsWeek 52: Hypersensitivity ReactionsWeek 52: Injection site reactions
NovoLog/NovoRapid3.71.47.11.4
SAR3414023.70.75.60.7

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Change in the Mean 24-hour Plasma Glucose Concentration From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52

Mean 24-hour plasma glucose concentration was calculated based on 7-point self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) profiles with plasma glucose measurements before and 2-hours after each main meal and at bedtime. Mean 24-hour plasma glucose concentration was calculated for each profile and then averaged across profiles performed in the week before a visit. All calculated values up to Week 26 and Week 52 were taken into account in the analysis, regardless of adherence to treatment. Change in mean 24-hour plasma glucose concentration at Weeks 26 and 52 was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 and Week 52 values, respectively. Missing changes at Week 26 and Week 52 were imputed using a return-to-baseline multiple imputation method (values imputed as participant baseline plus an error). Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using ANCOVA analysis on data obtained from the multiple imputations (results were combined using Rubin's formulae). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26, and Week 52

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
At Week 26At Week 52
NovoLog/NovoRapid-0.53-0.18
SAR341402-0.340.12

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Change in Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) Excursion From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52

Plasma glucose excursions were calculated at breakfast, lunch and dinner for each 7-point SMPG profile, as 2-hour PPG minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to start of the meal. Values of plasma glucose excursions at each visit were then calculated as the average across profiles performed in the week before the visit. All calculated values up to Week 26 and Week 52 were taken into account in the analysis, regardless of adherence to treatment. Change in PPG excursions at Weeks 26 and 52 was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 and Week 52 values, respectively. Missing changes at Week 26 and Week 52 were imputed using a return-to-baseline multiple imputation method (values imputed as participant baseline plus an error). Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using ANCOVA analysis on data obtained from the multiple imputations (results were combined using Rubin's formulae). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26, and Week 52

,
Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Week 26: At BreakfastWeek 26: At LunchWeek 26: At DinnerWeek 52: At BreakfastWeek 52: At LunchWeek 52: At Dinner
NovoLog/NovoRapid0.650.120.660.910.340.51
SAR3414020.500.180.360.730.430.26

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Change in Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) From Baseline to Week 26

All values up to Week 26 were taken into account in the analysis, regardless of adherence to treatment. Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing changes at Week 26 were imputed using a retrieved dropout multiple imputation method (separately for participants who prematurely discontinued or completed treatment). Adjusted least square (LS) means and standard errors (SE) were obtained using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model on data obtained from the multiple imputations (results were combined using Rubin's formulae). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
SAR341402-0.38
NovoLog/NovoRapid-0.30

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Change in Glycated Hemoglobin A1c From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52: Subgroup Analysis by Prior Use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog

All values up to Week 26 and Week 52 were taken into account in the analysis, regardless of adherence to treatment. Change in HbA1c at Week 26 and Week 52 was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 and Week 52 value, respectively. Missing changes at Week 26 and Week 52 were imputed using a retrieved dropout multiple imputation method (separately for participants who prematurely discontinued or completed treatment). Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using ANCOVA model on data obtained from the multiple imputations (results were combined using Rubin's formulae). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26 and Week 52

,,,
Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
At Week 26At Week 52
Prior Humalog/Liprolog Use: NovoLog/NovoRapid-0.24-0.26
Prior Humalog/Liprolog Use: SAR341402-0.39-0.19
Prior NovoLog/NovoRapid Use: NovoLog/NovoRapid-0.33-0.26
Prior NovoLog/NovoRapid Use: SAR341402-0.37-0.28

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52

All values up to Week 26 and Week 52 were taken into account in the analysis, regardless of adherence to treatment. Change in FPG at Week 26 and 52 was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 and Week 52 values, respectively. Missing changes at Week 26 and Week 52 were imputed using a retrieved dropout multiple imputation method (separately for participants who prematurely discontinued or completed treatment). Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using ANCOVA analysis on data obtained from the multiple imputations (results were combined using Rubin's formulae). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26, and Week 52

,
Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
At Week 26At Week 52
NovoLog/NovoRapid-0.17-0.34
SAR341402-0.49-0.10

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Change in Daily Insulin Dose From Baseline to Day 1, Week 26 and Week 52: Subgroup Analysis by Prior Use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog

Change in daily insulin dose (basal, mealtime and total) was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Day 1, Week 26 and Week 52 values respectively. Baseline was defined as the median of daily doses available in the week prior to the first injection of IMP (corresponding to doses of the pre-study insulin), value at Day 1 as the median of daily doses available in the week after the first injection of IMP (first doses of IMP), and value at Week 26 and Week 52 as the median of daily doses available in the week prior to each visit. (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Week 26, Week 52

,,,
InterventionU/kg (Mean)
Basal insulin dose at Day 1Mealtime insulin dose at Day 1Total insulin dose at Day 1Basal insulin dose at Week 26Mealtime insulin dose at Week 26Total insulin dose at Week 26Basal insulin dose at Week 52Mealtime insulin dose at Week 52Total insulin dose at Week 52
Prior Humalog/Liprolog Use: NovoLog/NovoRapid-0.0020.0130.011-0.006-0.003-0.006-0.009-0.001-0.009
Prior Humalog/Liprolog Use: SAR341402-0.0020.0080.0060.008-0.015-0.0080.010-0.0010.009
Prior NovoLog/NovoRapid Use: NovoLog/NovoRapid0.0000-0.003-0.0030.0090.0190.0270.0130.0150.025
Prior NovoLog/NovoRapid Use: SAR341402-0.005-0.000-0.0060.003-0.009-0.0070.004-0.0000.003

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Change in Daily Insulin Dose From Baseline to Day 1, Week 26 and Week 52

Change in daily insulin dose (basal, mealtime and total) was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Day1, Week 26 and Week 52 values respectively. Baseline was defined as the median of daily doses available in the week prior to the first injection of IMP (corresponding to doses of the pre-study insulin), value at Day 1 as the median of daily doses available in the week after the first injection of IMP (first doses of IMP), and value at Week 26 and Week 52 as the median of daily doses available in the week prior to each visit. (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Week 26 and Week 52

,
InterventionUnits/kilogram (U/kg) (Mean)
Basal insulin dose at Day 1Mealtime insulin dose at Day 1Total insulin dose at Day 1Basal insulin dose at Week 26Mealtime insulin dose at Week 26Total insulin dose at Week 26Basal insulin dose at Week 52Mealtime insulin dose at Week 52Total insulin dose at Week 52
NovoLog/NovoRapid-0.0000.0030.0020.0030.0110.0150.0050.0090.013
SAR341402-0.0040.003-0.0010.005-0.011-0.0070.006-0.0010.005

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Change in 7-Point SMPG Profiles From Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52 Per Time Point

7-point SMPG profiles were measured at the following 7 points at each visit (Baseline, Week 26, and Week 52): before breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours after lunch, before dinner, 2 hours after dinner, and bedtime. For each time point, the value at each visit was calculated as the average of values obtained for the same time point across profiles performed in the week before the visit. (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26, and Week 52

,
Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Week 26: Before BreakfastWeek 26: 2 Hours After BreakfastWeek 26: Before LunchWeek 26: 2 Hours After LunchWeek 26: Before DinnerWeek 26: 2 Hours After DinnerWeek 26: BedtimeWeek 52: Before BreakfastWeek 52: 2 Hours After BreakfastWeek 52: Before LunchWeek 52: 2 Hours After LunchWeek 52: Before DinnerWeek 52: 2 Hours After DinnerWeek 52: Bedtime
NovoLog/NovoRapid-0.50-0.30-0.60-0.62-0.78-0.25-0.54-0.310.05-0.13-0.37-0.06-0.170.10
SAR341402-0.62-0.39-0.60-0.61-0.04-0.36-0.71-0.54-0.210.240.050.750.16-0.11

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Induced, Treatment-Boosted and Treatment-Emergent Anti-insulin Aspart Antibodies (AIAs)

AIA incidence were categorized as: treatment-induced, treatment-boosted AIAs, and treatment-emergent AIA. 1) Participants with treatment-induced AIAs were those who developed AIA following IMP administration (participants with at least one positive AIA sample at any time during on-treatment period, in those participants without pre-existing AIA or with missing baseline sample). 2) Participants with treatment-boosted AIAs were those with pre-existing AIAs that were boosted to a significant higher titer following IMP administration (participants with at least one AIA sample with at least a 4-fold increase in titers compared to baseline value at any time during on-treatment period). 3) Participants with treatment-emergent AIA were defined as participants with treatment-induced, or treatment-boosted AIAs. (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: From first injection of IMP up to Week 26 or up to 1 day after last injection of IMP, whichever comes earlier, for Week 26 analysis, and from first injection of IMP up to 1 day after last injection of IMP for Week 52

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: Treatment-Induced AIAWeek 26: Treatment-Boosted AIAWeek 26: Treatment-Emergent AIAWeek 52: Treatment-Induced AIAWeek 52: Treatment-Boosted AIAWeek 52: Treatment-Emergent AIA
NovoLog/NovoRapid28.45.120.537.113.329.1
SAR34140223.04.216.933.29.425.5

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Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 52

All values up to Week 52 were taken into account in the analysis, regardless of adherence to treatment. Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. Missing changes at Week 52 were imputed using a retrieved dropout multiple imputation method (separately for participants who prematurely discontinued or completed treatment). Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using ANCOVA model on data obtained from the multiple imputations (results were combined using Rubin's formulae). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
SAR341402-0.25
NovoLog/NovoRapid-0.26

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Induced, Treatment-Boosted and Treatment-Emergent Anti-insulin Aspart Antibodies (AIAs): Subgroup Analysis by Prior Use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog

AIA incidence were categorized as: treatment-induced, treatment-boosted AIAs, and treatment-emergent AIA. 1) Participants with treatment-induced AIAs were those who developed AIA following IMP administration (participants with at least one positive AIA sample at any time during on-treatment period, in those participants without pre-existing AIA or with missing baseline sample. 2) Participants with treatment-boosted AIAs were those with pre-existing AIAs that were boosted to a significant higher titer following IMP administration (participants with at least one AIA sample with at least a 4-fold increase in titers compared to baseline value at any time during on-treatment period). 3) Participants with treatment-emergent AIA were defined as participants with treatment-induced, or treatment-boosted AIAs. Data was summarized separately for each treatment arm in each subgroup (based on the prior use of NovoLog/NovoRapid or Humalog/Liprolog). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: From first injection of IMP up to Week 26 or up to 1 day after last injection of IMP, whichever comes earlier, for Week 26 analysis, and from first injection of IMP up to 1 day after last injection of IMP for Week 52

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 26: Treatment-Induced AIAWeek 26: Treatment-Boosted AIAWeek 26: Treatment-Emergent AIAWeek 52: Treatment-Induced AIAWeek 52: Treatment-Boosted AIAWeek 52: Treatment-Emergent AIA
Prior Humalog/Liprolog Use: NovoLog/NovoRapid28.46.121.541.99.131.8
Prior Humalog/Liprolog Use: SAR34140229.910.724.838.017.932.7
Prior NovoLog/NovoRapid Use: NovoLog/NovoRapid28.34.620.034.215.427.6
Prior NovoLog/NovoRapid Use: SAR34140218.71.512.630.15.921.5

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Week 26 and Week 52

Participants who had no available assessment at Week 26 and Week 52 were considered as non-responders. (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: Week 26 and Week 52

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
At Week 26At Week 52
NovoLog/NovoRapid14.518.2
SAR34140216.619.6

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Percentage of Participants With at Least One Positive Anti-Insulin Aspart Antibodies (AIA) Sample

Participants with at least one positive AIA sample at baseline or at any time during the on-treatment period (Prevalence). (NCT03211858)
Timeframe: From first injection of IMP up to Week 26 or up to 1 day after last injection of IMP, whichever comes earlier, for Week 26 analysis, and from first injection of IMP up to 1 day after last injection of IMP for Week 52

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
At Week 26At Week 52
NovoLog/NovoRapid52.458.2
SAR34140248.054.7

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Rate of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia at Week 26

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by blood glucose (BG) of <54 mg/dL [3.0 millimole per liter (mmol/L)]. The rate of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was estimated by negative binomial model: number of episodes = treatment with log (treatment exposure in days/365.25) as an offset variable. (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

InterventionEvents per participant per year (Least Squares Mean)
LY9000146.71
LY900014 Postmeal7.75
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)7.35

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7%

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
LY90001436.00
LY900014 Postmeal24.84
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)33.94

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Change From Baseline in ITSQ Lifestyle Flexibility Domain Score at Week 26

ITSQ is a validated instrument containing 22 items that assess treatment satisfaction for participants with diabetes and on insulin. The questionnaire measures satisfaction from the following 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen, Lifestyle Flexibility, Glycemic Control, Hypoglycemic Control, and Insulin Delivery Device. Data presented are the transformed overall score on a scale of 0-100, where higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction. LS Mean was calculated using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, number of prandial doses at study entry, and HbA1c stratum), and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as covariate. The analysis included data prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. The analysis included data prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY9000142.1
LY900014 Postmeal3.7
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)1.3

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Change From Baseline in Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Regimen Inconvenience Domain Score at Week 26

ITSQ is a validated instrument containing 22 items that assess treatment satisfaction for participants with diabetes and on insulin. The questionnaire measures satisfaction from the following 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen, Lifestyle Flexibility, Glycemic Control, Hypoglycemic Control, and Insulin Delivery Device. Data presented are the transformed overall score on a scale of 0-100, where higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction. LS Mean was calculated using the ANCOVA model with strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, number of prandial doses at study entry, and HbA1c stratum), and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as covariate. The analysis included data prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. The analysis included data prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY9000141.4
LY900014 Postmeal1.5
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)0.7

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Efficacy Estimand at Week 26

"HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time.~Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model with strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, prandial insulin dosing plan, and HbA1c stratum) and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. The efficacy estimand included participant data when baseline and at least one post-baseline measurement were available prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug." (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY900014-0.13
LY900014 Postmeal0.08
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)-0.05

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 52

"HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time.~Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by MMRM model with variables of baseline, pooled country, type of basal insulin during lead-in, prandial Insulin Dosing Plan, treatment (Type III sum of squares) as fixed factors. The analysis included data prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug." (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY9000140.13
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)0.20

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Change From Baseline in 2-hour PPG Excursion During MMTT Efficacy Estimand at Week 26

A standardized MMTT was used to characterize postprandial glucose control following administration of the study insulin. Serum glucose measured at 2-hour timepoint after the start of meal minus fasting serum glucose. 2-hour PPG excursion during MMTT uses the ANCOVA model with strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, prandial insulin dosing plan, and HbA1c stratum) and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. The efficacy estimand included participant data when baseline and at least one post-baseline measurement were available prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
LY900014-34.7
LY900014 Postmeal-10.2
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)-3.5

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Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) at Week 26

1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a marker of short-term glycemic control especially postprandial hyperglycemia. 1,5-AG accurately predicts rapid changes in glycemia and is tightly associated with glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose. LS Mean was calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) including fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, HbA1c stratum and number of prandial doses at study entry), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction, as well as the continuous, fixed covariates of baseline value. The analysis included data collected prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmilligram per liter (mg/L) (Least Squares Mean)
LY9000140.19
LY900014 Postmeal-0.38
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)-0.22

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Change From Baseline in 1-hour Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Excursion During Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) Efficacy Estimand at Week 26

A standardized MMTT was used to characterize postprandial glucose control following administration of the study insulin. Serum glucose measured at 1-hour timepoint after the start of meal minus fasting serum glucose. 1-hour PPG excursion during MMTT uses the ANCOVA model with strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, prandial insulin dosing plan, and HbA1c stratum) and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. The efficacy estimand included participant data when baseline and at least one post-baseline measurement were available prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
LY900014-28.6
LY900014 Postmeal12.5
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)-0.7

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Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia at Week 26

Severe hypoglycemia is defined as an event requiring assistance of another person to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. During these episodes, the participant has an altered mental status and cannot assist in his or her own care, or may be semiconscious or unconscious, or experience coma with or without seizures, and may require parenteral therapy. Rate of severe hypoglycemia events per 100 years during a defined period was calculated by total number of severe hypoglycemia episodes within the period divided by the cumulative days on treatment from all participants within a treatment group *36525. (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

InterventionEvents per 100 participant years (Number)
LY90001416.50
LY900014 Postmeal13.70
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)18.34

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Change From Baseline in Insulin Dose at Week 26

LS Mean was analyzed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) including fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, HbA1c stratum and number of prandial doses at study entry), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction, as well as the continuous, fixed covariates of baseline value. The analysis included data prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,,
InterventionUnits (U)/day (Least Squares Mean)
Total Daily Insulin DoseDaily Basal Insulin DoseDaily Prandial Insulin Dose
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)2.00.90.9
LY9000142.91.01.5
LY900014 Postmeal2.21.21.0

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Change From Baseline in 10-Point Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values at Week 26

SMBG 10-point profiles were measured at fasting, 1-hour post morning meal, 2-hours post morning meal, pre midday meal, 1-hour post midday meal, 2-hours post midday meal, pre evening meal, 1-hour post evening meal, 2-hours post evening meal, and bedtime. LS Mean was analyzed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) including fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, HbA1c stratum and number of prandial doses at study entry), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction, as well as the continuous, fixed covariates of baseline value. The efficacy estimand included participant data when baseline and at least one post-baseline measurement prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214367)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Morning PremealMorning 1-hour PostmealMorning 2-hour PostmealMidday PremealMidday 1-hour PostmealMidday 2-hour PostmealEvening PremealEvening 1-hour PostmealEvening 2-hour PostmealBedtime
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)-3.3-1.01.41.91.4-2.7-1.4-0.9-0.6-2.9
LY900014-1.1-14.8-10.16.6-2.2-5.25.2-7.0-8.2-6.8
LY900014 Postmeal2.95.4-0.24.011.40.00.415.3-1.6-11.0

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Change From Baseline in 10-Point Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values at Week 26

Change from baseline in 10-point SMBG values was analyzed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) including fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, HbA1c stratum and number of prandial doses at study entry), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction, as well as the continuous, fixed covariates of baseline value. The efficacy estimand included participant data when baseline and at least one post-baseline measurement prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Morning PremealMorning 1-hour PostmealMorning 2-hour PostmealMidday PremealMidday 1-hour PostmealMidday 2-hour PostmealEvening PremealEvening 1-hour PostmealEvening 2-hour PostmealBedtime
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)-0.8-2.00.62.43.0-2.27.0-2.10.2-3.4
LY9000141.5-14.1-14.94.1-2.0-6.510.1-3.0-2.1-2.2

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Change From Baseline in Insulin Dose at Week 26

Change from baseline in insulin dose was analyzed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) including fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, HbA1c stratum and number of prandial doses at study entry), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction, as well as the continuous, fixed covariates of baseline value. The analysis included data prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
InterventionUnits (U) (Least Squares Mean)
Basal Insulin DosePrandial Insulin DoseTotal Daily Insulin Dose
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)4.28.312.1
LY9000144.612.017.3

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2-hour PPG Excursion During MMTT Efficacy Estimand

2-hour PPG excursion during MMTT uses the ANCOVA model with strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, number of prandial doses at study entry, and HbA1c stratum) and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. The efficacy estimand included participant data when baseline and at least one post-baseline measurement were available prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)97.8
LY90001480.4

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Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) at Week 26

Change from baseline in 1,5-AG was analyzed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) including fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, HbA1c stratum and number of prandial doses at study entry), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction, as well as the continuous, fixed covariates of baseline value. The analysis included data collected prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmilligram per liter (mg/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)2.15
LY9000141.99

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Efficacy Estimand at Week 26

Change from baseline in HbA1c was performed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) including fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, and number of prandial doses at study entry), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction, as well as the continuous, fixed covariates of baseline value. The efficacy estimand included participant data when baseline and at least one post-baseline measurement were available prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)-0.43
LY900014-0.38

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Change From Baseline in Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Regimen Inconvenience Domain Score at Week 26

"ITSQ is a validated instrument containing 22 items that assess treatment satisfaction for participants with diabetes and on insulin. The questionnaire measures satisfaction from the following 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen, Lifestyle Flexibility, Glycemic Control, Hypoglycemic Control, and Insulin Delivery Device. Data presented are the transformed overall score on a scale of 0-100, where higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction.~Change from baseline in ITSQ regimen inconvenience domain score was calculated using the ANCOVA model with strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, number of prandial doses at study entry, and HbA1c stratum), and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as covariate. The analysis included data prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug." (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)-0.9
LY900014-2.4

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Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia

Rate of severe hypoglycemia events per 100 years during a defined period was calculated by total number of severe hypoglycemia episodes within the period divided by the cumulative days on treatment from all participants within a treatment group *36525. Severe hypoglycemia is defined as an event requiring assistance of another person to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. During these episodes, the participant has an altered mental status and cannot assist in his or her own care, or may be semiconscious or unconscious, or experience com with or without seizures, and may require parenteral therapy. (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

InterventionEvents per 100 participant years (Number)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)4.19
LY9000142.44

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Rate of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by blood glucose (BG) of <54 mg/dL [3.0 millimole per liter (mmol/L)]. The rate of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was estimated by negative binomial model: number of episodes = treatment with log (treatment exposure in days/365.25) as an offset variable. (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

InterventionEvents per participant per 30 days/year (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)1.34
LY9000142.21

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Number of Participants With HbA1c <7%

Number of participants with HbA1c <7% at Week 26. (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Week 26

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)168
LY900014184

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Change From Baseline in ITSQ Lifestyle Flexibility Domain Score at Week 26

"ITSQ is a validated instrument containing 22 items that assess treatment satisfaction for participants with diabetes and on insulin. The questionnaire measures satisfaction from the following 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen, Lifestyle Flexibility, Glycemic Control, Hypoglycemic Control, and Insulin Delivery Device. Data presented are the transformed overall score on a scale of 0-100, where higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction.~Change from baseline in ITSQ lifestyle flexibility domain score was calculated using the ANCOVA model with strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, number of prandial doses at study entry, and HbA1c stratum), and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as covariate. The analysis included data prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug." (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)1.4
LY9000140.2

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1-hour Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Excursion During Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) Efficacy Estimand

1-hour PPG excursion during MMTT uses the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, number of prandial doses at study entry, and HbA1c stratum) and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. The efficacy estimand included participant data when baseline and at least one post-baseline measurement were available prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug. (NCT03214380)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)74.9
LY90001463.1

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Number of Participants With At Least One Hypoglycemic Events (Any, Severe Documented Symptomatic, Probable Symptomatic, Asymptomatic, Pseudo-hypoglycemia: Any Time of the Day) During 24 Week Treatment Period

Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia: an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) or <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). Asymptomatic hypoglycemia: an event not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose concentration <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) or <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia: an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by plasma glucose determination but was presumably caused by a plasma glucose concentration. Pseudo-hypoglycemia: an event with any of the typical symptoms of hypoglycaemia with plasma glucose concentration >3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). (NCT03260868)
Timeframe: During 24 weeks treatment period

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any hypoglycemiaSevere hypoglycemiaDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemia: <=3.9 mmol/LDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemia: <3.0 mmol/LProbable symptomatic hypoglycemiaAsymptomatic hypoglycemia <=3.9 mmol/LAsymptomatic hypoglycemia <3.0 mmol/LPseudo-hypoglycemia >3.9 mmol/L
Traditional30330310
Virtual70640411

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Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to Week 24

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. (NCT03260868)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Mean)
Virtual0.10
Traditional0.33

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Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin A1c to Week 16

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 16 value. (NCT03260868)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Mean)
Virtual0.23
Traditional0.45

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) to Week 16 and Week 24

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 16 value (for change at Week 16) and Week 24 (for change at Week 24) value. (NCT03260868)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16, Week 24

,
Interventionmillimole per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
Week 16Week 24
Traditional-0.2002.900
Virtual-0.660-3.625

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 18

An ANCOVA model was used for the analysis. (NCT03285594)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18

Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo0.36
Sotagliflozin 200 mg-0.73
Sotagliflozin 400 mg-1.37

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Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participants or clinical investigation participants administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT03285594)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug to last dose of study drug (up to 55.7 weeks) + 2 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo64.6
Sotagliflozin 200 mg54.6
Sotagliflozin 400 mg59.3

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 52

An ANCOVA model was used for the analysis. (NCT03285594)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.18
Sotagliflozin 200 mg-1.19
Sotagliflozin 400 mg-0.83

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 18

FPG was performed in fasting state, that is, without any food intake (except for water) for at least 8 hours. An ANCOVA model was used for the analysis. (NCT03285594)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18

Interventionmilligram per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo12.882
Sotagliflozin 200 mg-2.975
Sotagliflozin 400 mg-8.949

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 52

An ANCOVA model was used for the analysis. (NCT03285594)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo0.00
Sotagliflozin 200 mg-0.52
Sotagliflozin 400 mg-0.57

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 18

An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model was used for the analysis. (NCT03285594)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.27
Sotagliflozin 200 mg-0.72
Sotagliflozin 400 mg-0.81

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Change From Baseline in SBP at Week 12 for All Participants

An ANCOVA model was used for the analysis. (NCT03285594)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.21
Sotagliflozin 200 mg-5.15
Sotagliflozin 400 mg-4.10

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Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) for Participants With Baseline SBP ≥130 mmHg at Week 12

An ANCOVA model was used for the analysis. Here, N is the number of participants with data available at a given time point. (NCT03285594)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-4.67
Sotagliflozin 200 mg-8.58
Sotagliflozin 400 mg-8.50

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemic Events

Percentage of participants with hypoglycemic events are reported for the following 3 categories: Any hypoglycemia (as reported in the Electronic Case Report Form); Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia [typical symptoms of hypoglycemia (increased sweating, nervousness, asthenia/weakness, tremor, dizziness, increased appetite, palpitations, headache, sleep disorder, confusion, seizures, unconsciousness, and/or coma) and plasma glucose ≤ 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L)]; Severe [an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, intravenous glucose or other resuscitative actions] or documented symptomatic hypoglycemia [typical symptoms of hypoglycemia and plasma glucose ≤ 70 mg/dL]. (NCT03285594)
Timeframe: Up to 55.7 weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypoglycemiaDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemiaSevere or documented symptomatic hypoglycemia
Placebo62.544.444.4
Sotagliflozin 200 mg56.041.841.8
Sotagliflozin 400 mg62.84646

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Number of Participants With an Episode of Severe Hypoglycemia While Hospitalized

Blood glucose as measured before each meal and at bedtime. The number of participants with at least one episode of severe hypoglycemia, defined as BG < 40 mg/dL, is presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: During the first 10 days of therapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Degludec0
Glargine0

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Daily Dose of Insulin in Hospitalized Patients

Electronic medical records and nursing records documented the day day and time of insulin administration, including the basal study drug given once daily (degludec or glargine), prandial insulin given before meals (aspart), and supplemental insulin given to correct hyperglycemia. The mean daily doses of basal insulin, prandial insulin, and total daily dose of insulin given to hospitalized patients are presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: During the first 10 days of therapy

,
InterventionInternational Units of insulin (Mean)
Basal InsulinPrandial InsulinTotal Daily Dose of Insulin
Degludec301156
Glargine301260

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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in Discharged Patients

The HbA1C test reflects the average of a person's blood glucose levels over the past 3 months by measuring the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) with glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin with glucose bonded to it). Participants with HbA1C ≥ 7.5% were followed for 12 weeks after hospital discharge. Samples for HbA1C were drawn at 4 and 12 weeks post-discharge. An HbA1c measurement below 5.7% is considered normal, while a measurement of 6.5% or greater indicates diabetes. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: 4 and 12 weeks after hospital discharge

,
Interventionpercent of RBCs with glycated hemoglobin (Mean)
4 weeks post-discharge12 weeks post-discharge
Degludec8.38.2
Glargine8.07.4

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Mean Daily Blood Glucose Concentration in Hospitalized Patients

Blood glucose was measured before each meal and at bedtime among hospitalized study participants. Mean daily blood glucose concentration was calculated to determine differences in inpatient glycemic control in general medicine and surgery patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) treated with basal bolus regimen with insulin degludec or glargine once daily plus aspart insulin before meals. A random (non-fasting) blood glucose measurement of 140 mg/dL or less is considered normal, while a measurement of 200 mg/dL or more indicates diabetes. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to the first 10 days of therapy

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineDay 1 up to Day 10
Degludec219.50179.75
Glargine218.19180.67

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Mean Daily Blood Glucose Concentration in Discharged Patients.

Blood glucose was measured before each meal and at bedtime, after participants were discharged from the hospital. Mean daily blood glucose concentration was calculated to determine differences in outpatient glycemic control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) treated with basal bolus regimen with insulin degludec or glargine once daily plus aspart insulin before meals. Information was collected via bi-weekly phone interviews and during the outpatient study visits at Weeks 4 and 12. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: Day after hospital discharge to 4 weeks after discharge, 4 to 12 weeks after hospital discharge

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Day after discharge up to the 4 week post-discharge study visit4 week post-discharge up to the 12 week post-discharge study visit
Degludec During Hospitalization157.0148.7
Glargine During Hospitalization143.0133.8

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Length of Hospital Stay

The length of hospital in days is presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: Duration of hospital stay (an average of 10 days)

Interventiondays (Median)
Degludec6.7
Glargine7.5

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Number of Blood Glucose Point-of-care Test Results Between 70 and 180 mg/dL in Hospitalized Patients

Blood glucose was measured with point-of-care testing before each meal and at bedtime, and the count of blood glucose test results between 70 mg/dL and 180 mg/dL was determined. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: During the first 10 days of therapy

InterventionBlood Glucose Point-of-Care Test (Count of Units)
Degludec758
Glargine789

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Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia Episodes in Discharged Patients

Blood glucose will be measured before each meal and at bedtime. The number of episodes of clinically significant hypoglycemia, defined as BG < 54 mg/dL, are presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks after hospital discharge

Interventionepisodes of significant hypoglycemia (Number)
Degludec1
Glargine1

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Number of Episodes of Severe Hyperglycemia in Discharged Patients

Blood glucose was measured before each meal and at bedtime. The number of episodes of severe hyperglycemia, defined as BG > 240 mg/dL, are presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks after hospital discharge

Interventionepisodes of severe hyperglycemia (Number)
Degludec211
Glargine55

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Number of Hypoglycemia Episodes in Discharged Patients

Blood glucose was measured before each meal and at bedtime. The number of hypoglycemia episodes, defined as BG < 70 mg/dL, was recorded via bi-weekly phone interviews and during 4 and 12 week outpatient study visits. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks after hospital discharge

Interventionepisodes of hypoglycemia (Number)
Degludec16
Glargine19

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Number of Participants Experiencing Acute Kidney Injury in Discharged Patients

Acute kidney injury defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥ 0.3 mg/dL from baseline or ≥1.5 times baseline creatinine, per Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. The number of participants experiencing acute kidney injury after hospital discharge is presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks after hospital discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Degludec1
Glargine0

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Number of Participants Experiencing Cardiac Complications During Hospitalization

Cardiac complications during hospitalization were examined as a composite of complications, defined as myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmia requiring medical treatment, or cardiac arrest. The number of participants experiencing cardiac complications while hospitalized patients is presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: During the first 10 days of therapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Degludec0
Glargine0

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Number of Participants Who Died During Hospitalization

Hospital mortality is evaluated as the number of deaths among participants during hospitalization. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: Duration of hospital stay (an average of 10 days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Degludec0
Glargine1

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Number of Participants With Acute Kidney Injury During Hospitalization

Acute kidney injury defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥ 0.3 mg/dL from baseline or ≥1.5 times baseline creatinine, per Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. The number of participants experiencing acute kidney injury during hospitalization is presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: During the first 10 days of therapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Degludec5
Glargine10

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Number of Participants With an Episode of Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia While Hospitalized

Blood glucose was measured before each meal and at bedtime. The number of participants with at least one episode of clinically significant hypoglycemia, defined as BG < 54 mg/dL, is presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: During the first 10 days of therapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Degludec3
Glargine1

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Number of Participants With an Episode of Hypoglycemia While Hospitalized

Blood glucose (BG) was measured before each meal and at bedtime. The number of participants with at least one hypoglycemic episode, defined as BG of 54 to 70 mg/dL, is presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: During the first 10 days of therapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Degludec14
Glargine15

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Number of Participants With an Episode of Severe Hyperglycemia While Hospitalized

Blood glucose was measured before each meal and at bedtime. The number of participants who experienced at least one episode of severe hyperglycemia, defined as BG > 240 mg/dL, is presented here. (NCT03336528)
Timeframe: During the first 10 days of therapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Degludec52
Glargine47

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Rate of Total Symptomatic and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Events (Adjusted by 1 Year)

Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as events that are associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and/or documented blood glucose (BG) concentrations of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). The overall yearly rates (events/participant/year) of those hypoglycemic events, calculated as, for each participant, the number of episodes times 365.25 and then divided by the participants treatment duration, will be summarized, and analyzed by a negative-binomial regression model with treatment as fixed effects and log of (participant's treatment duration/365.25) as an offset variable. A nocturnal hypoglycemic event is defined as any total hypoglycemia event that occurred between bedtime and waking. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks

,
Interventionevents/participant/year (Least Squares Mean)
Total hypoglycemiaNocturnal Hypoglycemia
Lantus®1.150.39
LY29630161.370.47

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Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ)

ITSQ is a validated instrument containing 22 items that assess treatment satisfaction for participants with diabetes and on insulin. Items divided into 5 domains of satisfaction: Inconvenience of Regimen [(IR) 5 items: domain scores range (DSR) 5-35], Lifestyle Flexibility [(LF) 3 items: DSR 3-21], Glycemic Control [(GC) 3 items: DSR 3-21], Hypoglycemic Control [(HC) 5 items: DSR 5-35], Insulin Delivery Device [(IDD) 6 items: DSR 6-42]. All items measured on a 7-point scale: 1 (no bother at all) to 7 (a tremendous bother), with lower scores reflecting better outcomes. ITSQ Total Overall Raw Scores range from 22-154. Both raw domain and overall scores are transformed on a scale of 0-100, where transformed score=100*[(7-mean raw score)/6]. Higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction. LS mean was calculated by MMRM with baseline, insulin secretagogues at study entry, baseline HbA1c, treatment, time and treatment*time in the model. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: At Week 24

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
IRLFHCGCIDDITSQ Overall Total
Lantus®90.3187.6990.8687.8388.2988.99
LY296301689.3683.7089.0787.8086.8487.32

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Change From Baseline in Glycemic Variability of Fasting Blood Glucose

Glycemic variability is measured by the intra-participant standard deviation (SD) value of fasting blood glucose as measured by the actual morning and daily pre-meal blood glucose value from the 7-point self-monitoring blood glucose [SMBG] profiles. LS mean was calculated by MMRM with baseline, insulin secretagogues at study entry, baseline HbA1c, treatment, time and treatment*time in the model. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Morning Pre-meal Standard DeviationDaily Mean Standard Deviation
Lantus®-2.49-4.5
LY2963016-2.17-4.1

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Change From Baseline in 7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values

Seven-point SMBG are completed at the following timepoints: Before Morning Meal, 2 Hours After Morning Meal, Before Mid-Day Meal, 2 Hours After Mid-Day Meal, Before Evening Meal, 2 Hours After Evening Meal and Bed Time. LS mean was calculated by MMRM with baseline, insulin secretagogues at study entry, baseline HbA1c, treatment, time and treatment*time in the model. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Before Morning Meal Glucose2 Hours After Morning Meal GlucoseBefore Mid-Day Meal Glucose2 Hours After Mid-Day Meal GlucoseBefore Evening Meal Glucose2 Hours After Evening Meal GlucoseBedtime Glucose
Lantus®-49.7-52.7-39.9-35.9-33.0-32.0-33.0
LY2963016-48.7-56.3-43.2-31.0-32.1-29.7-31.6

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Basal Insulin Dose Units Per Day

Units of basal insulin dose taken per day (U/day). LS mean was calculated by MMRM with baseline, insulin secretagogues at study entry, baseline HbA1c, treatment, time and treatment*time in the model. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: At Week 24

Interventionunits per day (U/day) (Least Squares Mean)
LY296301616.0
Lantus®15.7

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Change From Baseline in Basal Insulin Dose Units Per Day

Units of basal insulin dose taken per day (U/day). LS mean was calculated by MMRM with baseline, insulin secretagogues at study entry, baseline HbA1c, treatment, time and treatment*time in the model. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionU/day (Least Squares Mean)
LY29630167.0
Lantus®6.8

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

Change from baseline in body weight was evaluated. LS mean was calculated by MMRM with baseline, insulin secretagogues at study entry, baseline HbA1c, treatment, time and treatment*time in the model. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
LY29630161.1
Lantus®1.2

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Lantus® to LY2963016)

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS mean was calculated by MMRM with baseline, insulin secretagogues at study entry, treatment, visit and treatment*visit in the model. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY2963016-1.27
Lantus®-1.23

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (LY2963016 to Lantus®)

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least square (LS) mean was calculated by mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with baseline, insulin secretagogues at study entry, treatment, visit and treatment*visit in the model. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY2963016-1.27
Lantus®-1.23

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Number of Participants With Detectable Anti-Glargine Antibodies

Number of participants with detectable anti-glargine antibodies were reported. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
LY296301669
Lantus®31

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% at Week 24

The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants reaching target HbA1c by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
LY296301643.7
Lantus®44.9

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c ≤6.5% at Week 24

The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants reaching target HbA1c by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT03338010)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
LY296301623.4
Lantus®16.5

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Differences in the Mean Daily Blood Glucose Between a Basal-bolus Scheme and NPH Schemes of Insulin.

To determine the differences in the mean daily blood glucose measured in mg/dl, between a basal-bolus scheme and NPH schemes of insulin measured by the mean daily blood glucose. (NCT03350984)
Timeframe: Fasting blood glucose was taken every day, before breakfast, up to 4 weeks; postprandial glucose was taken every day, 2 hours after breakfast, 2 hours after lunch, and 2 hours after dinner, up to 4 weeks; glucose early morning was taken 3 am, up to 4 week

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Fasting blood glucosePostprandial glucoseGlucose in the early morning
Glargine and Lispro Insulin Group135156.2136.2
NPH Insulin Group129.6155.4127.4

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Number of Participants With Sustained Glycemic Control During Hospital Stay

Sustained glycemic control were the number of participants who not had: discharged before sustained control, critical status suspension, death before control, bad attachment to the protocol, interruption due to more than 2 hypoglycemic events during their hospital stay. (NCT03350984)
Timeframe: blood glucose was taken every day, up to 4 weeks.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
NPH Insulin Group30
Glargine and Lispro Insulin Group20

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the Number of Participants With Mild and Severe Hypoglycemic Events

To measure the number of participants with mild and severe hypoglycemic events (NCT03350984)
Timeframe: Duration of hospital stay, up to 4 weeks.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
NPH Insulin Group15
Glargine and Lispro Insulin Group15

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Immunogenicity - Percentage of Subjects With Confirmed Positive AIA After Baseline

The percentage of subjects in each treatment group with confirmed positive AIA after baseline and up to visit Week 26. (NCT03371108)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Gan & Lee Insulin Glargine Injection58
Lantus®61

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Treatment-induced Anti-Insulin Antibody (TI-AIA) is the Primary Endpoint

Subjects were classified as experiencing a TI-AIA or not. A TI-AIA is defined as a subject experiencing a newly confirmed positive AIA status, if they were negative at baseline or a 4-fold increase in their titer values if they were positive. The primary outcome measure is summarized as the percent of subjects experiencing a TI-AIA in the group. (NCT03371108)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

InterventionPercentage of subjects with TI-AIA (Number)
Gan & Lee Insulin Glargine Injection54
Lantus®60

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CFB in HbA1c to Week 26

Change is HbA1c value at week 26 minus the value at baseline. (NCT03371108)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

InterventionPercentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Gan & Lee Insulin Glargine Injection-0.39
Lantus®-0.45

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Immunogenicity - Mean Change From Baseline in Each Treatment Group in AIA Titers After Baseline

The mean change from baseline in each treatment group in AIA titers after baseline and up to visit Week 26. (NCT03371108)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

InterventionTiters (Mean)
Gan & Lee Insulin Glargine Injection23.5
Lantus®-3.0

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Immunogenicity - Percentage of Subjects in Each Treatment Group With Confirmed Positive AIA at Baseline Who Developed at Least a 4-fold Increase in Titers After Baseline

The percentage of subjects in each treatment group with confirmed positive AIA at baseline (n=6) who developed an important increase (at least a 4-fold increase in titers after baseline) up to visit Week 26. (NCT03371108)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Gan & Lee Insulin Glargine Injection0
Lantus®0

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Immunogenicity - Percentage of Subjects in Each Treatment Group With Negative AIA at Baseline Who Develop Confirmed Positive AIA After Baseline

The percentage of subjects in each treatment group with negative AIA at baseline who develop confirmed positive AIA after baseline and up to visit Week 26. (NCT03371108)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Gan & Lee Insulin Glargine Injection42
Lantus®53

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Immunogenicity - Percentage of Subjects With Confirmed Positive AIA After Baseline Who Develop Any Anti-insulin Neutralizing Antibodies After Baseline

The percentage of subjects in each treatment group with confirmed positive AIA after baseline and up to visit Week 26 who develop any anti-insulin neutralizing antibodies after baseline and up to visit Week 26. (NCT03371108)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Gan & Lee Insulin Glargine Injection1
Lantus®3

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Efficacy - HbA1c Control

The number and percentage of subjects who achieve a HbA1c of < 7.0% at visit Week 26. (NCT03371108)
Timeframe: At Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Lack of Postbaseline HbA1c ControlSufficient Postbaseline HbA1c Control
Gan & Lee Insulin Glargine Injection24935
Lantus®24637

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Efficacy - Postbaseline FBG Control

The number and percentage of subjects who achieve an FBG test result of ≤ 8.0 mmol/L (≤ 144.0 mg/dL) at visit Week 26. (NCT03371108)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Lack of Postbaseline FBG controlSufficient Postbaseline FBG control
Gan & Lee Insulin Glargine Injection151133
Lantus®145138

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Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. (NCT03434119)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Mean)
Soliqua 100/33-1.86
Lantus-1.07

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c Target of <7% at Week 26

Participants who had no available assessment for HbA1c at Week 26 were considered as non-responders. (NCT03434119)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Soliqua 100/3352.6
Lantus30.8

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Percentage of Participants With Hypoglycemic Events (Any Hypoglycemia, Severe Hypoglycemia, Documented Hypoglycemia) During the On-Treatment Period

Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented hypoglycemia with plasma glucose cut-off of <=70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) was any hypoglycemia documented by a measured plasma glucose <=70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) and excluding plasma glucose <54 mg/dL regardless of symptoms. Documented hypoglycemia with plasma glucose cut-off of <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) was any hypoglycemia documented by a measured plasma glucose <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) regardless of symptoms. (NCT03434119)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypoglycemiaSevere hypoglycemiaDocumented hypoglycaemia <=70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L)Documented hypoglycaemia <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L)
Lantus52.82.448.818.4
Soliqua 100/3348.71.743.512.2

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 26

Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. (NCT03434119)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionkilograms (kg) (Mean)
Soliqua 100/331.69
Lantus1.52

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Change From Baseline in Daily Insulin Glargine Dose at Week 26

Change in daily dose was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. (NCT03434119)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

InterventionInternational Units (IU) (Mean)
Soliqua 100/3318.7
Lantus14.1

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Pharmacodynamics (PD): Total Amount of Glucose Infused (Gtot)

Gtot was the total glucose infusion over the clamp duration and was used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations were held constant after the administration of Insulin glargine or Lantus by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. Data presented were adjusted by the body weight. (NCT03555305)
Timeframe: 30 minutes predose through 24 hours postdose

Interventionmilligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) (Geometric Mean)
0.5 U/kg Insulin Glargine2390
0.5 U/kg Lantus2680

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PK: Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours (AUC[0-24]) of Insulin Glargine and Lantus

PK: Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours (AUC[0-24]) of Insulin glargine and Lantus. (NCT03555305)
Timeframe: -0.5 and 0 hours predose; 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 hours postdose

Interventionpicomole*hour per liter (pmol*hr/L) (Geometric Mean)
0.5 U/kg Insulin Glargine2170
0.5 U/kg Lantus2310

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PD: Maximum Glucose Infusion Rate (Rmax)

Rmax is the maximum infusion rate of glucose administered intravenously needed to maintain target blood glucose level and is used to measure the study drug action over time as measured by the euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the euglycaemic clamp procedure, blood glucose concentrations are held constant after the administration of Insulin glargine or Lantus by adjusting the exogenous glucose infusion rate. Data presented were adjusted by the body weight. (NCT03555305)
Timeframe: 30 minutes predose through 24 hours postdose

Interventionmilligrams/kilograms/minute (mg/kg/min) (Geometric Mean)
0.5 U/kg Insulin Glargine2.72
0.5 U/kg Lantus2.99

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Insulin Glargine and Lantus

Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Insulin glargine and Lantus. (NCT03555305)
Timeframe: -0.5 and 0 hours predose; 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 hours postdose

Interventionpicomole per liter (pmol/L) (Geometric Mean)
0.5 U/kg Insulin Glargine124
0.5 U/kg Lantus129

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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

The mean HbA1c in the BI group will be compared to the mean HbA1c in the MSI group (NCT03660553)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Mean)
Multiple Subcutaneous Injection (MSI)8.5
Basal Insulin (BI)7.8

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Incidence of Any Hypoglycemia

Defined as any reported blood glucose (BG) <70 mg/dl will be compared between the two groups (NCT03660553)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Multiple Subcutaneous Injection (MSI)0
Basal Insulin (BI)0

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Incidence of Severe Hypoglycemia

Any BG <54 mg/dl or patient requiring assistance to recover from hypoglycemia will be compared between 2 groups. (NCT03660553)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Multiple Subcutaneous Injection (MSI)0
Basal Insulin (BI)0

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Continuous Glucose Monitoring - Time in Range (70-180 mg/dl)

Time in range (70-180 mg/dl) [percentage of glucose readings or hours per day] by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during the first 24 hours after arriving in HNL and EWR (starting within 2 hours after arrival). (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: During the initial 24 hours local time and starting within 2 hours after arrival

,
Interventionpercentage of Time in Range 70-180mg/dL (Mean)
Eastward travelWestward travel
Insulin Degludec55.054.5
Insulin Glargine U10062.361.2

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Continuous Glucose Monitoring - Time in Range (70-140 mg/dl)

Time in range (70-140 mg/dl) [percentage of glucose readings or hours per day] by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during the initial 24 hours local time (starting within 2 hours after arriving) in Newark, NJ after flying 9-10 hours West to East (from Honolulu, HI) and after the return journey from Newark to Honolulu (flying East to West). (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: During the initial 24 hours local time and starting within 2 hours after arrival

,
Interventionpercentage of Time in Range 70-140mg/dL (Mean)
Eastward travelWestward travel
Insulin Degludec36.337.2
Insulin Glargine U10045.643.9

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CGM Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)

Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) was determined using CGM at each destination on the morning after arrival. (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: At 0600 local time on the morning after arrival at each destination

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
After eastward travelAfter westward travel
Insulin Degludec143137
Insulin Glargine U100137140

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CGM % Time 70-180 mg/dl

% time 70-180 mg/dl by CGM (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: In flight period of time and for 72 hours at each destination

,
Interventionpercentage of Time in Range 70-180mg/dL (Mean)
Eastward travel in-flightWestward travel in-flightEastward travel 72 hours at destinationWestward travel 72 hours at destination
Insulin Degludec50.565.158.356.7
Insulin Glargine U10058.964.062.059.2

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CGM % Time >180 mg/dl

% time >180 mg/dl by CGM (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: In flight period of time and for 72 hours at each destination

,
Interventionpercentage of Time above Range >180mg/dL (Mean)
In flight Eastward travel %Time above Range >180mg/dLIn flight Westward travel %Time above Range >180mg/dLEastward 72 hours at destination % Time above Range >180mg/dLWestward 72 hours at destination % Time above Range >180mg/dL
Insulin Degludec39.530.831.734.9
Insulin Glargine U10032.326.027.632.7

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CGM - Coefficient of Variation (CV)

Coefficient of variation of CGM values - glycemic variability (CV, %) (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: In flight period of time and for 72 hours at each destination

,
Interventionpercentage of Glycemic Variability % (Mean)
Eastward In-flight Glycemic variability CV %Westward In-flight Glycemic variability CV %Eastward 72-hours at destination Glycemic variability CV %Westward 72-hours at destination Glycemic variability CV %
Insulin Degludec30.628.239.938.6
Insulin Glargine U10031.033.741.039.5

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CGM % Time <70 mg/dl

% time <70 mg/dl by CGM (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: In flight period of time and for 72 hours at each destination

,
Interventionpercentage of Time below range <70 mg/dL (Mean)
Eastward travel in flightWestward travel in flightEastward flight 72 hours at destinationWestward flight 72 hours at destination
Insulin Degludec9.94.110.08.4
Insulin Glargine U1008.99.910.58.2

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Liverpool Jet-Lag Questionnaire

This is a Questionnaire about jet-lag and fatigue administered at the destinations after arrival. Jet Lag is rated on a 0-10 scale (0 - insignificant jet lag to 10 - very bad jet lag). Fatigue is rated on a scale of -5 to +5 (more fatigue to less fatigue). (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: After 24 and 48 hours at the destination after arrival

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Eastward jet lag after 24 hoursEastward jet lag after 48 hoursEastward fatigue after 24 hoursEastward fatigue after 48 hoursWestward jetlag after 24 hoursWestward jetlag after 48 hoursWestward fatigue after 24 hoursWestward fatigue after 48 hours
Insulin Degludec2.51.60.2-0.73.23.5-1.63.5
Insulin Glargine U1004.13.80.2-1.53.52.9-1.5-0.7

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Sleep Quantity Measured by ActiGraph

Measurement of sleep duration (TST - Total sleep time in minutes) (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: During 24 hours at each destination

InterventionMinutes (Median)
Total sleep time, minutes in NYTotal sleep time, minutes in HI
Sleep at Each Destination489398

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Sleep Efficiency Measured by ActiGraph

Measurement of sleep efficiency (SE% - total sleep time in minutes divided by time in bed in minutes) (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: During 24 hours at each destination

Interventionpercentage of total sleep/time in bed (Median)
SE% in NYSE% in HI
Sleep at Each Destination9289

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Mean ± SD CGM Glucose (mg/dl)

Mean ± standard deviation of CGM glucose (mg/dl) by CGM during the flight and during the 72 hours at the destination (NCT03668808)
Timeframe: In flight period of time and for 72 hours at each destination

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
In-flight eastwardIn-flight westward72 hours at destination after eastward travel72 hours at destination after westward travel
Insulin Degludec166.3157.0154.3160.4
Insulin Glargine U100158.8146.1147.6156.3

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Number of Participants With A1C of <6.5% After CGM-guided Insulin Therapy Intervention

See if A1C achieves threshold <6.5% with intensive daily titration of basal bolus insulin therapy, guided by the individual's continuous glucose monitoring value and trend arrow - all guided by our algorithm. (NCT03670641)
Timeframe: A1C measures every 3 months up to 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
3 months6 months9 months12 months
# of Participants With A1C <6.5%1224

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Percent Time Glucose Values Remain in Range While Wearing CGM During Insulin Intervention

Use CGM-captured glucose values to determine how often a participant's glucose levels were in range (percent time in range) (NCT03670641)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of time in range (Mean)
Pre-interventionPost-intervention
Insulin and CGM Intervention46.380.67

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Number of Patients With Glucose Values <55 mg/dL During 4 Week of Insulin and CGM Intervention

We wanted to ensure that during the course of the intensive CGM-guided insulin therapy, our algorithm would be able to avoid severe hypoglycemia, defined as a glucose reading of <55mg/dL in the study participants (NCT03670641)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
# of Participants Who Had a Continuous Glucose Reading <55mg/dL During Insulin Intervention Week4

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Number of Participants Achieving Euglycemic Glucose Targets Within a 4 Week Period

The design of the algorithm was to attempt to achieve glucose values in the normal glycemic range, as defined as fasting BG target 80-95 mg/dL, and 2 hour post prandial BG target 100-120 mg/dL, within 2 weeks of starting insulin and maintaining values until end of 4 week intervention. We wanted to see if our CGM-guided insulin algorithm could help participants achieve pre-defined euglycemic glucose targets in four week period (NCT03670641)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Fasting Glucose <95 mg/dL2hr post prandial glucose <120 mg/dL
# of Participants Achieving Glucose Targets68

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See if Diabetes Distress is Affected With Intervention Via Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) - 5 Questionnaire Scale

Administer the PAID-5 scale, which is a measure of diabetes distress. The scale ranges from a minimum of 0 (not a problem) to a maximum score of 4 (serious problem). The sum of the five questions provides the participant's score with a score range of minimum score of 0 to a maximum score of 20. A total score of greater than or equal to 8 indicates possible diabetes related emotional distress, with a higher score indicating more significant distress. This will be given to participants to see if/how distress levels change via the intervention (NCT03670641)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pre-interventionPost-intervention
Insulin and CGM Intervention8.907.62

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Change in Baseline A1C and A1C Measured at 3 Month Intervals up to 12 Months

Blood test drawn at baseline and after insulin and CGM-guided titration intervention at 3 month intervals to see if improvement in aggregate A1C value is achieved. (NCT03670641)
Timeframe: Every 3 months up to 1 year

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
Pre-intervention3 months6 months9 months12 months
Insulin and CGM Intervention9.006.817.137.266.88

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Level of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) - Percentage

Level of HbA1c after two weeks of maintenance periods (Visit 19-21 (week 16-17) and Visit 37-39 (week 34-35)). (NCT03687827)
Timeframe: After the 2-week maintenance period: weeks 16-17 (period-1) and weeks 34-35 (period-2).

InterventionPercentage of glycated haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Degludec 100U/mL7.10
Insulin Glargine 100U/mL7.16

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Level of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) - mmol/Mol

Level of HbA1c after two weeks of maintenance periods (Visit 19-21 (week 16-17) and Visit 37-39 (week 34-35)). (NCT03687827)
Timeframe: After the 2-week maintenance period: weeks 16-17 (period-1) and weeks 34-35 (period-2).

Interventionmillimoles per mole (mmol/mol) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Degludec 100U/mL54.10
Insulin Glargine 100U/mL54.78

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Time Spent in Tight Glycaemic Target Range 70-140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) Both Inclusive, Using Flash Glucose Monitoring

The percentage of time spent in tight glycaemic target range 70-140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) both inclusive, during the 2-week maintenance periods using FGM (visit 9-21 (week 16-17) and visit 37-39 (week 34-35)). (NCT03687827)
Timeframe: During the 2-week maintenance period: weeks 16-17 (period-1) and weeks 34-35 (period-2).

InterventionPercentage of Time (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Degludec 100U/mL52.97
Insulin Glargine 100U/mL51.45

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Time Spent in Nocturnal Glycaemic Target Range 70-140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) Both Inclusive, in the Nocturnal Period (00:01 am - 05:59 am Both Inclusive) Using Flash Glucose Monitoring

Percentage of time spent in nocturnal glycaemic target range 70-140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) both inclusive, in the nocturnal period (00:01 am - 05:59 am both inclusive) during the 2-week maintenance periods using FGM (visit 19-21 (week 16-17) and visit 37-39 (week 34-35)). (NCT03687827)
Timeframe: During the 2-week maintenance period: weeks 16-17 (period-1) and weeks 34-35 (period-2).

InterventionPercentage of Time (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Degludec 100U/mL15.15
Insulin Glargine 100U/mL14.91

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Percentage of Time Spent in Glycaemic Target Range 70-180 mg/dL (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) Both Inclusive, Using Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM)

The percentage of time spent in glycaemic target range was calculated as the number of recorded measurements in glycaemic target range (70-180 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL] (3.9-10.0 millimoles per litre [mmol/L]), both inclusive) divided by the total number of recorded measurements. The endpoint is based on data recorded by FGM system. It was required that at least 70% of the planned FGM measurements during weeks 16-17 and weeks 34-35 were available for endpoint data to be included in the analysis. (NCT03687827)
Timeframe: During the 2-week maintenance period: weeks 16-17 (period-1) and weeks 34-35 (period-2)

InterventionPercentage of Time (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Degludec 100U/mL72.11
Insulin Glargine 100U/mL70.68

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Mean Glucose Levels Using Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM)

Mean glucose levels (mmol/L) during the 2-week maintenance periods using FGM (visit 19-21 (week 16-17) and visit 37-39 (week 34-35)). (NCT03687827)
Timeframe: During the 2-week maintenance period: weeks 16-17 (period-1) and weeks 34-35 (period-2).

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Degludec 100U/mL7.57
Insulin Glargine 100U/mL7.61

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Body Weight (Kilogram (kg))

Change from baseline in body weight at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

Interventionkilograms (Mean)
Semaglutide-4.2
Insulin Aspart2.9

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Body Weight (Percentage): Ratio to Baseline

Change from baseline in body weight (measured in percentage) at week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

InterventionRatio of body weight (Mean)
Semaglutide1.0
Insulin Aspart1.0

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Fasting Blood Lipids: High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol (Ratio to Baseline)

Change from baseline in HDL cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) at week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

InterventionRatio of HDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean)
Semaglutide1.0
Insulin Aspart1.0

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Fasting Blood Lipids: Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol (Ratio to Baseline)

Change from baseline in LDL cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) at week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

InterventionRatio of LDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean)
Semaglutide1.0
Insulin Aspart1.0

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Fasting Blood Lipids: Total Cholesterol (Ratio to Baseline)

Change from baseline in total cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) at week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

InterventionRatio of total cholesterol (Geometric Mean)
Semaglutide1.0
Insulin Aspart1.0

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Number of Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe (ADA) or Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Plasma Glucose < 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL)) From Randomization to Week 52

Number of EAC-confirmed severe or clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (plasma glucose < 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL)) from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Severe hypoglycaemia was an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or take other corrective actions. Hypoglycaemic episode with plasma glucose < 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL)) was considered as clinically significant. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) to week 52

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Semaglutide339
Insulin Aspart2270

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Total Daily Insulin Dose at Week 52

Total daily insulin dose at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: At week 52

InterventionUnits of insulin (Mean)
Semaglutide35.8
Insulin Aspart77.7

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Number of Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (ADA) From Randomization to Week 52

Number of EAC-confirmed severe hypoglycaemic episodes from randomization (week 0) up to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). EAC confirmed-severe hypoglycaemia was an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or take other corrective actions. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) to week 52

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Semaglutide4
Insulin Aspart7

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Number of Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (ADA) Requiring Hospitalization, Documented Medical Help, or is Life-threatening From Randomization to Week 52

Number of EAC-confirmed severe hypoglycaemic episodes requiring hospitalization, documented medical help, or is life-threatening from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Severe hypoglycaemia was an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or take other corrective actions. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) to week 52

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Semaglutide2
Insulin Aspart4

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Time to First Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episode (ADA) Requiring Hospitalization, Documented Medical Help, or is Life-threatening Randomization up to Week 52

First event per 100 years of exposure time for first EAC confirmed severe hypoglycaemic episodes requiring hospitalization, documented medical help, or is life threatening from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). EAC confirmed-severe hypoglycaemia was an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or take other corrective actions. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) up to week 52

InterventionFirst event per 100 years of exposure (Number)
Semaglutide0.2
Insulin Aspart0.4

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire (DQLCTQ-R): Scores From the 8 Domains

The DQLCTQ-R questionnaire was used to assess participants' HRQoL. The DQLCTQ-R questionnaire contains 57 items and measures and provide scores for the 8 domains (physical function, energy or fatigue, health distress, mental health, satisfaction, treatment satisfaction, treatment flexibility and frequency of symptoms). The 8 domain scores related to DQLCTQ-R are measured on a scale from 0-100. For all scores, higher values indicated better health status. Change from baseline in DQLCTQ-R 8 domain scores at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Physical functionEnergy or fatigueHealth distressMental healthSatisfactionTreatment satisfactionTreatment flexibilityFrequency of symptoms
Insulin Aspart-0.40.40.30.5-0.20.8-1.21.8
Semaglutide2.42.3-0.27.24.19.94.24.1

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in 36-item Short Form Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36v2): Total Summary Scores (Physical Component and Mental Component) and Scores From the 8 Domains

SF-36v2 is 36-item patient-reported survey of patient health to measure participant's overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It has 36 items: 8 domains of physical, mental health status (physical functioning, role physical health (range:21.23-57.16), bodily pain (range: 21.68-62.00), general health (range: 18.95-66.50), vitality (range: 22.89-70.42), social functioning (range: 17.23-57.34), role emotional problem (range: 14.39-56.17) and mental health (range: 11.63-63.95)) and 2 total summary scores: physical components summary (range: 7.32-70.14) and mental components summary (range: 5.79-69.91) calculated from domain scores. All 10 scores range from 5.79-70.42 . Higher scores indicated a better health state. Change from baseline in SF-36v2, 2 summary and 8 domains scores at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Physical Component SummaryMental Component SummaryPhysical FunctioningRole Physical HealthBodily PainGeneral HealthVitalitySocial FunctioningRole Emotional ProblemMental Health
Insulin Aspart0.4-0.30.2-0.20.80.30.1-0.6-0.20.1
Semaglutide1.40.11.40.11.51.61.10.20.00.6

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Waist Circumference

Change from baseline in waist circumference at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

Interventioncentimeters (cm) (Mean)
Semaglutide-3.3
Insulin Aspart2.1

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Daily Basal Insulin Dose at Week 52

Daily basal insulin dose at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: At week 52

InterventionUnits of insulin (Mean)
Semaglutide35.8
Insulin Aspart40.7

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Number of Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe (ADA) or Blood Glucose (BG) Confirmed, Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Plasma Glucose Less Than (<) 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL)) From Randomization to Week 52

Number of EAC-confirmed severe or BG confirmed, symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes (PG <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL)) from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an episode, that was BG confirmed by PG value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) to week 52

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Semaglutide254
Insulin Aspart1744

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Number of Event Adjudication Committee-confirmed Severe (ADA) or Blood Glucose Confirmed, Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Plasma Glucose <= 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL)) From Randomization to Week 52

Number of EAC-confirmed severe or BG confirmed, symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes (PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL)) from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an episode during which symptoms of hypoglycaemia were not accompanied by a PG determination but that was presumably caused by a PG concentration <= 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) to week 52

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Semaglutide1420
Insulin Aspart5616

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure

Change from baseline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at week 52 are presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

,
Interventionmillimeter of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
Diastolic Blood PressureSystolic Blood Pressure
Insulin Aspart-0.41.0
Semaglutide-1.4-2.8

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Time to First Event Adjudication Committee (EAC)-Confirmed Severe Hypoglycaemic Episode American Diabetes Association (ADA) From Randomization up to Week 52

First event per 100 years of exposure time for first EAC confirmed severe hypoglycaemic episodes from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with plasma glucose (PG) less than or equal to (<=) 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)). EAC confirmed-severe hypoglycaemia was an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or take other corrective actions. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) up to week 52

InterventionFirst event per 100 years of exposure (Number)
Semaglutide0.4
Insulin Aspart0.7

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Change from baseline in FPG at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

Interventionmillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
Semaglutide-1.3
Insulin Aspart-0.8

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Fasting Blood Lipids: Triglycerides (Ratio to Baseline)

Change from baseline in triglycerides (measured in mmol/L) at week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

InterventionRatio of triglycerides (Geometric Mean)
Semaglutide0.9
Insulin Aspart1.0

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Change From Baseline in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Change from baseline in HbA1c at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Mean)
Semaglutide-1.5
Insulin Aspart-1.2

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in 7-point Self-measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG ): Mean 7-point Profile (7-PP)

Change from baseline in 7-point self-measured plasma glucose profile: mean 7-PP at week 52 is presented. All participants were instructed to perform 7-point SMPG profiles before breakfast, 90 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after the start of lunch, before main evening meal (dinner), 90 minutes after the start of main evening meal (dinner) and at bedtime. The measurements were to be performed before any injection of bolus insulin and just before the start of the meal (breakfast, lunch or main evening meal), and values measured before breakfast were performed in a fasting condition. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Semaglutide-2.1
Insulin Aspart-2.1

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in 7-point Self-measured Plasma Glucose Profile: Mean Post-prandial Increment (Over All Meals)

Change from baseline in 7-point SMPG profile: mean post-prandial increment (over all meals) at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Semaglutide-0.7
Insulin Aspart-0.9

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Change from baseline in BMI at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

Interventionkilograms per meter square (kg/m^2) (Mean)
Semaglutide-1.5
Insulin Aspart1.0

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Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Pulse Rate

Change from baseline in pulse rate at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52

InterventionBeats per minute (beats/min) (Mean)
Semaglutide2.2
Insulin Aspart1.1

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Rate of Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose <54 Milligram/Deciliter (mg/dL) [<3.0 (Millimole/Liter (mmol/L))] or Severe Hypoglycemia

The hypoglycemia events were defined by participant reported events with blood glucose <54mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L) or severe hypoglycemia. Severe hypoglycemia is defined as an episode with severe cognitive impairment requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. These episodes may be associated with sufficient neuroglycopenia to induce seizure or coma. Post-baseline comparisons between treatment and control group was evaluated using negative binomial model with variables : Number of episodes = Baseline HbA1c Group (<=8.5%, >8.5%) + Pooled Country + Baseline SGLT-2i use Flag (Yes, No) + Treatment, with log (exposure in days/365.25) as an offset variable (NCT03730662)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 52

InterventionEpisodes/participant/365.25 days (Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide0.10
10 mg Tirzepatide0.09
15 mg Tirzepatide0.11
Insulin Glargine0.35

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Steady State Area Under the Concentration Time Curve From Zero to Tau (AUC 0-Tau) of Tirzepatide

Pharmacokinetics (PK): Steady State Area Under the Concentration Time Curve From Zero to Tau (AUC 0-Tau) of Tirzepatide (NCT03730662)
Timeframe: 1 to 24 hours, 24 to 96 hours, or 120 to 168 hours post dose of Week 7, 15, 23, 35

InterventionNanograms per millilitre per hour (Geometric Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide81800
10 mg Tirzepatide165000
15 mg Tirzepatide246000

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c of <7.0%

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Imputed data includes observed value and imputed value if endpoint measure is missing. (NCT03730662)
Timeframe: Week 52

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
5 mg Tirzepatide80.98
10 mg Tirzepatide88.16
15 mg Tirzepatide90.72
Insulin Glargine50.72

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Mean Change From Baseline in Daily Average 7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values

The self-monitored plasma glucose (SMBG) data were collected at the following 7 time points: Morning Premeal - Fasting, Morning 2-hour Postmeal, Midday Premeal, Midday 2-hour Postmeal, Evening Premeal, Evening 2-hour Postmeal and Bedtime. LS mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with variables Baseline + Pooled Country + Baseline HbA1c Group (<=8.5%, >8.5%) + Baseline SGLT-2i use Flag (Yes, No) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03730662)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide-58.4
10 mg Tirzepatide-61.1
15 mg Tirzepatide-66.1
Insulin Glargine-46.1

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (10 mg and 15 mg)

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model for post-baseline measures: Variable = Baseline + Pooled Country + Baseline sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) use Flag (Yes, No) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03730662)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
10 mg Tirzepatide-2.43
15 mg Tirzepatide-2.58
Insulin Glargine-1.44

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c (5 mg)

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS mean was determined by MMRM model for post-baseline measures: Variable = Baseline + Pooled Country + Baseline SGLT-2i use Flag (Yes, No) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03730662)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide-2.24
Insulin Glargine-1.44

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

LS mean was determined by MMRM model for post-baseline measures: Variable = Baseline + Pooled Country + Baseline HbA1c Group (<=8.5%, >8.5%) + Baseline SGLT-2i use Flag (Yes, No) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03730662)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

InterventionKilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide-7.1
10 mg Tirzepatide-9.5
15 mg Tirzepatide-11.7
Insulin Glargine1.9

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Serum Glucose

LS mean was determined by MMRM model for post-baseline measures: Variable = Baseline + Pooled Country + Baseline HbA1c Group (<=8.5%, >8.5%) + Baseline SGLT-2i use Flag (Yes, No) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03730662)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionmilligram per Deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide-50.4
10 mg Tirzepatide-54.9
15 mg Tirzepatide-59.3
Insulin Glargine-51.4

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Rate of Documented Post-dose Hypoglycemic Events Within 1 and 2 Hours After the Prandial Dose

Documented post-dose hypoglycemia event is an event of blood glucose of < 54 mg/dL and ≤70 mg/dL that occurred within 1 and 2 hours after the prandial dose. The rate of documented hypoglycemia was estimated by a negative binomial regression including treatment and age group as independent variable and number of episodes as dependent variables with log (exposure/365.25 days) as the offset in the model. (NCT03740919)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

,,
InterventionEvents per participant per year (Least Squares Mean)
< 54mg/dL 1 Hour Post Dose< 54 mg/dL 2 Hour Post Dose≤70 mg/dL 1 Hour Post Dose≤70 mg/dL 2 Hour Post Dose
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)1.594.486.5419.0
LY9000142.045.958.4623.7
LY900014 Postmeal1.386.175.2921.1

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Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia

"Severe hypoglycemia: during these episodes, participants have an altered mental status and cannot assist in their own care, may be semiconscious or unconscious, or experience coma with or without seizures, and require assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions.~The rate of severe hypoglycemia per 100 years was calculated as: 100 times the total number of severe hypoglycemia episodes within the period divided by total exposure (in year) for all participants within the treatment group." (NCT03740919)
Timeframe: Week 0 through Week 26

InterventionEvents per participant per 100 years (Number)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)2.05
LY9000142.20
LY900014 Postmeal0.00

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Percentage of Participants With Documented Hypoglycemic Events

Documented hypoglycemia is defined as <54 mg/dL and ≤70 mg/dL, respectively. (NCT03740919)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Least Squares Mean)
<54 mg/dL≤70 mg/dL
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)80.8193.98
LY90001481.3792.55
LY900014 Postmeal74.4587.62

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Percentage of Participants With Documented Post-dose Hypoglycemic Events Within 1 and 2 Hours After the Prandial Dose

Documented post-dose hypoglycemia <54 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) and ≤ 70 mg/dL that occurred 1 and 2 hours after prandial dose. (NCT03740919)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Least Squares Mean)
<54 mg/dL 1 Hour Post Dose<54 mg/dL 2 Hour Post Dose≤70 mg/dL 1 Hour Post Dose≤70 mg/dL 2 Hour Post Dose
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)26.5054.0449.6777.03
LY90001436.7963.6163.9282.67
LY900014 Postmeal29.7057.8848.5170.29

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Change From Baseline in 7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values at Week 26

Change from baseline in 7-point SMBG values were analyzed using MMRM and includes fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, and age group, and HbA1c stratum (≤8.0%, >8.0%)) baseline value, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction. An unstructured covariance structure was used to model the within-participant errors. (NCT03740919)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Morning Premeal - FastingMorning 1 hour PostmealMidday PremealMidday 1 hour PostmealEvening PremealEvening 1 hour PostmealBedtime
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)1.0-3.2-3.10.91.06.9-1.9
LY900014-3.4-17.92.5-5.24.6-6.2-2.3
LY900014 Postmeal-5.9-9.8-6.0-1.50.3-3.9-2.7

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Efficacy Estimand at Week 26

"Change from baseline in HbA1c was analyzed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) and includes fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, and age group), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction, as well as the continuous, fixed covariates of baseline value. An unstructured covariance structure will be used to model the within-participant errors.~The Efficacy estimand included data collected prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug through Week 26." (NCT03740919)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)0.09
LY9000140.06

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c < 7.0% and <7.5%

Percentage of participants with HbA1c < 7.0% and <7.5% was analyzed using a longitudinal logistic regression with repeated measurements conducted by a generalized linear mixed model including independent variables of treatment, baseline HbA1c value, visit, baseline HbA1c-by-visit interaction, and treatment-by-visit interaction. An unstructured covariance structure was used. (NCT03740919)
Timeframe: Week 26

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7%HbA1c < 7.5%
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)20.0040.00
LY90001421.9237.31
LY900014 Postmeal19.0832.82

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Rate of Documented Hypoglycemia Events

Documented hypoglycemia is defined as a hypoglycemic event of blood glucose of ≤70 mg/dL or <54 mg/dL. The rate of documented hypoglycemia was estimated by negative binomial regression including treatment and age group as independent variables and number of episodes as dependent variable with log (exposure/365.25 days) as the offset in the model. (NCT03740919)
Timeframe: Week 0 through Week 26

,,
Interventionevents per participant per year (Least Squares Mean)
< 54 mg/dL≤70 mg/dL
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)16.678.0
LY90001416.175.1
LY900014 Postmeal17.776.1

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Change From Baseline in Insulin Dose at Week 26

Change from baseline in insulin dose was analyzed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) and includes fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, age group, and HbA1c stratum (≤8.0%, >8.0%)), baseline value, visit and treatment-by-visit interaction. An unstructured covariance structure was used to model the within-participant errors. (NCT03740919)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,,
InterventionUnit per day (Least Squares Mean)
Total Daily Basal Insulin DoseTotal Daily Insulin Dose
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)2.35.3
LY9000142.95.8
LY900014 Postmeal2.75.0

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Change From Baseline in HbA1c (Postprandial) at Week 26

"Change from baseline in HbA1c postprandial was analyzed using (MMRM and includes fixed class effects of treatment, strata (pooled country, type of basal insulin, and age group), visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction, as well as the continuous, fixed covariates of baseline value. An unstructured covariance structure will be used to model the within-participant errors.~The Efficacy estimand included data collected prior to permanent discontinuation of study drug through Week 26." (NCT03740919)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)0.09
LY900014 Postmeal0.07

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Fasting C-peptide

Fasting C-peptide at week 26 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: At week 26 (Visit 28)

InterventionNanomoles per liter (nmol/l) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 2870.44
Insulin Glargine0.47

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Fluctuations of the 9-point Profile (Defined as the Integrated Absolute Distance From the Mean Profile Value Divided by Measurement Time).

Participants measured their plasma glucose (PG) levels using blood glucose meters at 9 time points (before breakfast, 90 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after the start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after the start of dinner, at bedtime, at 4 am, before breakfast the following day). Presented fluctuation in 9-point SMPG profile is the integrated absolute distance from the mean profile value divided by measurement time and is calculated using the trapezoidal method. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: Week 26 (Visit 28)

Interventionmmol/l (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 2870.92
Insulin Glargine0.94

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Change in Cross-reactive Anti-human Insulin Antibody Status (Positive/Negative)

Anti-insulin 287 or glargine antibodies were classified as negative if % B/T was below a certain cut point. Samples positive for anti-insulin 287 or glargine antibodies were further tested for cross-reactivity to endogenous insulin. Samples not further tested are categorised as not applicable (NA). Unknown refers to samples with insufficient volume to perform analysis. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from in-trial period, starting at randomisation, and ending at the last direct participant-site contact, or when participant withdrew their informed consent, or the last participant-investigator contact for participants lost to follow-up, or death. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 31 (Visit 30)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Week 072515459Week 072515460Week 3172515460Week 3172515459
PositiveUnknownNot ApplicableNegative
Insulin Glargine1
Insulin 2871
Insulin Glargine9
Insulin 287124
Insulin Glargine112
Insulin 2879
Insulin Glargine0
Insulin 28786
Insulin Glargine26
Insulin 2870
Insulin 28725
Insulin Glargine89

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9-point Profile (Individual SMPG Values)

Participants measured their plasma glucose (PG) levels using blood glucose meters (as plasma equivalent values of capillary whole blood glucose) at 9 time points (before breakfast, 90 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after the start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after the start of dinner, at bedtime, at 4 am, before breakfast the following day). 9-point SMPG values after 26 weeks are presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: Week 26 (Visit 28)

,
Interventionmmol/l (Least Squares Mean)
Before breakfast90 minutes after start of breakfastBefore lunch90 minutes after start of lunchBefore main evening meal90 minutes after the start of main evening mealBefore bedtimeAt 4:00 a.m.Before breakfast the following day
Insulin 2875.707.906.097.836.558.017.355.725.74
Insulin Glargine6.198.516.198.506.968.477.875.986.05

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Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (<3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter) or Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)

Clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) were defined as episodes that were sufficiently low to indicate serious, clinically important hypoglycaemia with plasma glucose value of less than (<) 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). Severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) were defined as episodes that were associated with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Number of clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2), confirmed by blood glucose (BG) meter or severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) that occurred from week 0 to week 26 are presented. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Insulin 28738
Insulin Glargine31

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Number of Hypoglycaemic Alert Episodes (Level 1) (≥3.0 and <3.9 mmol/L (≥54 and <70 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter)

Hypoglycaemia alert value (level 1) was defined as episodes that were sufficiently low for treatment with fast-acting carbohydrate and dose adjustment of glucose-lowering therapy with plasma glucose value of equal to or above (>=) 3.0 and less than (<) 3.9 mmol/L (>= 54 and < 70 mg/dL) confirmed by BG meter. Number of hypoglycaemic alert episodes (level 1) that occurred from week 0 to week 26 are presented. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Insulin 287358
Insulin Glargine145

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Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)

Severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) were defined as episodes that were associated with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes that occurred from week 0 to week 26 are presented. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)

InterventionEpisodes (Number)
Insulin 2871
Insulin Glargine0

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose

Change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)

Interventionmmol/l (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287-3.20
Insulin Glargine-2.99

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Change in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) [Percentage Point (%-Point)]

Change in HbA1c from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)

InterventionPercentage point of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287-1.33
Insulin Glargine-1.15

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Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical trial subject administered or using a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or usage. A TEAE was defined as an event that had onset date (or increase in severity) during the on-treatment observation period. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product, and ending at follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 31 (Visit 30)

InterventionEvents (Number)
Insulin 287229
Insulin Glargine158

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Change in HbA1c [Millimoles/Mole (mmol/Mol)]

Change in HbA1c from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)

Interventionmmol/mol (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287-14.51
Insulin Glargine-12.54

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Change in Body Weight

Change in body weight from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)

InterventionKilogram (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 2871.49
Insulin Glargine1.56

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Change in Anti-insulin 287 Antibody Titres

Samples from the insulin 287 arm of the study were analysed for anti-insulin 287 antibodies. Confirmed anti-insulin 287 antibody positive samples had an antibody titre value determined. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from in-trial period, starting at randomisation, and ending at the last direct participant-site contact, or when participant withdrew their informed consent, or the last participant-investigator contact for participants lost to follow-up, or death. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 31 (Visit 30)

InterventionAntibody titers (Mean)
Insulin 287979.9

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Weekly Dose of Insulin 287 and Weekly Dose of Insulin Glargine

Weekly dose of insulin 287 and weekly dose of glargine at week 25 and week 26 are presented.The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: week 25 (Visit 27) and 26 (Visit 28)

InterventionUnits of Insulin (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287229.06
Insulin Glargine284.05

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Change in Mean of the 9-point Profile, Defined as the Area Under the Profile Divided by Measurement Time

Participants measured their PG levels using blood glucose meters at 9 time points (before breakfast, 90 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after the start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after the start of dinner, at bedtime, at 4 am, before breakfast the following day). The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)

Interventionmmol/l (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287-2.70
Insulin Glargine-2.26

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Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)

An Adverse Event (AE) was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug and did not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the treatment. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were defined as any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/ incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect, was a medically important event. TEAEs were defined as AEs that developed, worsened or became serious during the on-treatment period (from first injection of IMP up to 1 day after the last injection of IMP). (NCT03874715)
Timeframe: From first injection of IMP (Day 1) up to 1 day after the last injection of IMP (i.e., up to Day 113)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any TEAEsAny TESAEs
Non-switching: NovoLog475
Switching: NovoLog/SAR341402255

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Number of Participants With at Least One Hypoglycemic Event

Severe hypoglycemia: event in which participant required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions, because participant was not capable of helping self. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia: event in which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia (SOH) were accompanied by measured plasma glucose concentration (PGC) less than or equal to (<=) 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L)(<70 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL]) or <3.0 mmol/L(<54 mg/dL). Asymptomatic hypoglycemia: event without SOH and with measured PGC of <=3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) or <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL). Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia: event with SOH not accompanied by plasma glucose determination but was presumably caused by PGC <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Relative hypoglycemia: event with SOH but with measured PGC greater than (>) 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). (NCT03874715)
Timeframe: From first injection of IMP (Day 1) up to 1 day after the last injection of IMP (i.e., up to Day 113)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any hypoglycemiaSevere hypoglycemiaDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemia <=3.9 mmol/LDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemia < 3.0 mmol/LAsymptomatic hypoglycemia <= 3.9 mmol/LAsymptomatic hypoglycemia < 3.0 mmol/LProbable symptomatic hypoglycemiaRelative hypoglycemia
Non-switching: NovoLog10549890684492
Switching: NovoLog/SAR3414029568978694883

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Number of Hypoglycemic Events Per Participant-year

Number of hypoglycemia events (any, severe, documented [both threshold], asymptomatic [both threshold], probable symptomatic and relative) per participant-year of exposure were reported. Severe hypoglycemia: event in which participant required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions, because participant wasn't capable of helping self. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia: event in which typical SOH were accompanied by measured PGC of <=3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) or <3.0 mmol/L(<54 mg/dL). Asymptomatic hypoglycemia: event without SOH and measured PGC of <=3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) or <3.0 mmol/L(<54 mg/dL). Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia: event with SOH not accompanied by plasma glucose determination but was presumably caused by PGC <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Relative hypoglycemia: event with SOH but with measured PGC >3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). (NCT03874715)
Timeframe: From first injection of IMP (Day 1) up to 1 day after the last injection of IMP (i.e., up to Day 113)

,
Interventionevents per participant-year (Number)
Any hypoglycemiaSevere hypoglycemiaDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemia <= 3.9 mmol/LDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemia < 3.0 mmol/LAsymptomatic hypoglycemia <= 3.9 mmol/LAsymptomatic hypoglycemia < 3.0 mmol/LProbable symptomatic hypoglycemiaRelative hypoglycemia
Non-switching: NovoLog97.090.3863.5425.7032.257.030.810.12
Switching: NovoLog/SAR341402103.180.7664.2927.7237.339.110.700.09

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Pharmacokinetics: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Insulin Aspart Following Administration of Either SAR341402 (Switching Arm) or NovoLog (Non-switching Arm)

Tmax was defined as the time taken to reach the maximum observed plasma concentration. Insulin aspart is the active ingredient of SAR341402 and NovoLog. (NCT03874715)
Timeframe: 0 hr (pre-dose), 10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 min, 1 hr, 1 hr-10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 min, 2 hr, 2hr-15, 30 & 45 min, 3 hr, 3 hr-15, 30 & 45 min, 4 hr, 4 hr-20 & 40 min, 5 hr, 5 hr-20 & 40 min, 6 hr, 6 hr-30 min, 7 hr, 7 hr-30 min & 8 hr post-dose on Day 112

Interventionhours (Median)
Switching: NovoLog/SAR3414021.33
Non-switching: NovoLog1.00

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Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Insulin Aspart Following Administration of Either SAR341402 (Switching Arm) or NovoLog (Non-switching Arm)

Cmax was defined as the maximum observed plasma concentration. Insulin aspart is the active ingredient of SAR341402 and NovoLog. (NCT03874715)
Timeframe: 0 hr (pre-dose), 10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 min, 1 hr, 1 hr-10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 min, 2 hr, 2hr-15, 30 & 45 min, 3 hr, 3 hr-15, 30 & 45 min, 4 hr, 4 hr-20 & 40 min, 5 hr, 5 hr-20 & 40 min, 6 hr, 6 hr-30 min, 7 hr, 7 hr-30 min & 8 hr post-dose on Day 112

Interventionpicograms per milliliter (pg/mL) (Mean)
Switching: NovoLog/SAR34140211800
Non-switching: NovoLog3330

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time Zero to Last Measurable Timepoint (AUClast) of Insulin Aspart Following Administration of Either SAR341402 (Switching Arm) or NovoLog (Non-switching Arm)

AUClast was defined as area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to last measurable timepoint. Insulin aspart was the active ingredient of SAR341402 and NovoLog. (NCT03874715)
Timeframe: 0 hour (hr)(Pre-dose), 10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 minutes (min), 1hr, 1hr-10, 20, 30, 40 & 50min, 2hr, 2hr-15, 30 & 45min, 3hr, 3hr-15, 30 & 45min, 4hr, 4hr-20 & 40min, 5hr, 5hr-20 & 40min, 6hr, 6hr-30min, 7hr, 7hr-30min & 8hr post-dose on Day 112

Interventionpicograms*hour per milliliter (pg*h/mL) (Mean)
Switching: NovoLog/SAR3414028960
Non-switching: NovoLog7190

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Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Anti-Insulin Aspart Antibodies (AIAs)

AIA was categorized as: treatment-induced AIA, treatment-boosted AIA, and treatment-emergent AIA. Treatment-induced AIAs: participants who developed AIA following investigational medicinal product (IMP) administration (participants with at least one positive AIA sample at any time during on-treatment period, in those participants without pre-existing AIA or with missing Baseline sample). Treatment-boosted AIAs: participants with pre-existing AIAs that were boosted to a significant higher titer following IMP administration (participants with at least one AIA sample with at least a 4-fold increase in titers compared to Baseline value at any time during on-treatment period, in those participants with pre-existing AIA). Participants with treatment-emergent AIA were defined as participants with treatment-induced, or treatment-boosted AIAs. On-treatment period was defined as the time from the first injection of IMP up to the last injection of IMP + 1 day. (NCT03874715)
Timeframe: From first injection of IMP (Day 1) up to 1 day after the last injection of IMP (i.e., up to Day 113)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment-emergent AIATreatment-boosted AIATreatment-induced AIA
Non-switching: NovoLog11110
Switching: NovoLog/SAR341402808

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Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) of Insulin Aspart Following Administration of Either SAR341402 (Switching Arm) or NovoLog (Non-switching Arm)

AUC was defined as area under the concentration versus time curve. Insulin aspart is the active ingredient of SAR341402 and NovoLog. (NCT03874715)
Timeframe: 0 hr (pre-dose), 10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 min, 1 hr, 1 hr-10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 min, 2 hr, 2 hr-15, 30 & 45 min, 3 hr, 3 hr-15, 30 & 45 min, 4 hr, 4 hr-20 & 40 min, 5 hr, 5 hr-20 & 40 min, 6 hr, 6 hr-30 min, 7 hr, 7 hr-30 min & 8 hr post-dose on Day 112

Interventionpg*h/mL (Mean)
Switching: NovoLog/SAR3414026720
Non-switching: NovoLog7260

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Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (Below 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter) or Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)

Clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) were defined as episodes that were sufficiently low to indicate serious, clinically important hypoglycaemia with plasma glucose value of <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). Severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) were defined as episodes that were associated with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Number of clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2), confirmed by blood glucose (BG)meter or severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) that occured during weeks 0-16 are presented. (NCT03922750)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 (V18)

InterventionCount of events (Number)
Insulin 287 (Without Loading Dose)3
Insulin 287 (With 100% Loading Dose)17
Insulin Glargine U10016

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Number of Hypoglycaemic Alert Episodes(Level 1) (Greater Than or Equal to 3.0 and Below 3.9 mmol/L (Greater Than or Equal to 54 and Below 70 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter)

Hypoglycaemia alert value (level 1) was defined as episodes that were sufficiently low for treatment with fast-acting carbohydrate and dose adjustment of glucose-lowering therapy. Number of hypoglycaemic alert episodes (level 1) (equal to or above 3.0 and below 3.9 mmol/L (equal to or above 54 and below 70 mg/dL), confirmed by BG meter) that occured during weeks 0-16 are presented. (NCT03922750)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 (V18)

InterventionCount of events (Number)
Insulin 287 (Without Loading Dose)79
Insulin 287 (With 100% Loading Dose)78
Insulin Glargine U10071

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Change in Body Weight

Estimated mean change from baseline (week 0) in body weight at week 16 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment (rescue medication). (NCT03922750)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 (V18)

InterventionKilogram (Kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287 (Without Loading Dose)1.32
Insulin 287 (With 100% Loading Dose)0.61
Insulin Glargine U1000.10

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Number of Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

An adverse event(AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical trial subject administered or using a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or usage.. A TEAE was defined as an event that had onset date (or increase in severity) during the on-treatment observation period. The on-treatment observation period was the time period from first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and +6 weeks for once weekly insulin. Safety analysis set (SAS) included all subjects exposed to at least one dose of trial product. (NCT03922750)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 21 (V20)

InterventionCount of events (Number)
Insulin 287 (Without Loading Dose)77
Insulin 287 (With 100% Loading Dose)85
Insulin Glargine U10076

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Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)

Severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) were defined as episodes that were associated with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes that occurred during weeks 0-16 are presented. (NCT03922750)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 (V18)

InterventionCount of events (Number)
Insulin 287 (Without Loading Dose)0
Insulin 287 (With 100% Loading Dose)0
Insulin Glargine U1000

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Percentage of Time in Target Range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70-180 Milligrams Per Deciliter (mg/dL)) Measured Using CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring)

The percentage of time spent in glycaemic target range was calculated as 100 times the number of recorded measurements in glycaemic target range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL), both inclusive divided by the total number of recorded measurements. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment (rescue medication). (NCT03922750)
Timeframe: During the last 2 weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16)

InterventionPercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287 (Without Loading Dose)65.99
Insulin 287 (With 100% Loading Dose)72.86
Insulin Glargine U10064.98

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Weekly Insulin Dose

Estimated mean average weekly insulin dose during the last 2 weeks of treatment is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment (rescue medication). (NCT03922750)
Timeframe: During the last 2 weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16)

InterventionUnits of insulin (U) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287 (Without Loading Dose)242.31
Insulin 287 (With 100% Loading Dose)191.03
Insulin Glargine U100195.91

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Estimated mean change from baseline (week 0) in FPG at week 16 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment (rescue medication). (NCT03922750)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 (V18)

InterventionMillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287 (Without Loading Dose)-0.83
Insulin 287 (With 100% Loading Dose)-0.69
Insulin Glargine U100-0.57

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Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Estimated mean change from baseline (week 0) in HbA1c at week 16 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment (rescue medication). (NCT03922750)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 (V18)

InterventionPercentage point of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287 (Without Loading Dose)-0.47
Insulin 287 (With 100% Loading Dose)-0.77
Insulin Glargine U100-0.54

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Percentage of Time in Target Range (TIR) 3.9-10.0 Millimoles Per Liter (mmol/L) (70-180 Milligrams Per Deciliter (mg/dL) Measured Using CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring)

The percentage of time spent in glycaemic target range was calculated as 100 times the number of recorded measurements in glycaemic target range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL), both inclusive divided by the total number of recorded measurements. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was considered exposed to trial product, excluding any period after initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment (rescue medication). The endpoint is based on data recorded by CGM system. It was required that at least 70% of the planned CGM measurements during weeks 15-16 were available for endpoint data to be included in the analysis. (NCT03951805)
Timeframe: During the last 2 weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16)

InterventionPercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm A)76.65
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm B)82.97
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm C)80.89
Insulin Glargine (Titration Algorithm D)75.89

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Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

A TEAE was defined as an event that had onset date (or increase in severity) during the on-treatment observation period. The on-treatment observation period was the time period from first dose of trial product (week 0, visit 2) until the follow-up visit (week 21, visit 20) or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and +6 weeks for once weekly insulin. (NCT03951805)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (visit 2) to week 21 (visit 20)

InterventionCount of events (Number)
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm A)44
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm B)67
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm C)58
Insulin Glargine (Titration Algorithm D)45

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Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)

Severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) were defined as episodes that were associated with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes that occurred from baseline (week 0, visit 2) to end of treatment (week 16, visit 18) are presented. (NCT03951805)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (visit 2) to week 16 (visit 18)

InterventionCount of events (Number)
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm A)0
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm B)0
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm C)0
Insulin Glargine (Titration Algorithm D)0

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Number of Hypoglycaemic Alert Episodes (Level 1) (Greater Than or Equal to 3.0 and Below 3.9 mmol/L (Greater Than or Equal to 54 and Below 70 mg/dL), Confirmed by Blood Glucose (BG) Meter)

Hypoglycaemia alert value (level 1) was defined as episodes that were sufficiently low for treatment with fast-acting carbohydrate and dose adjustment of glucose-lowering therapy with plasma glucose value of equal to or above (>=) 3.0 and < 3.9 mmol/L (>= 54 and < 70 mg/dL) confirmed by BG meter. Number of hypoglycaemic alert episodes (level 1) that occured from baseline (week 0, visit 2) to end of treatment (week 16, visit 18) are presented. (NCT03951805)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (visit 2) to week 16 (visit 18)

InterventionCount of events (Number)
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm A)14
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm B)20
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm C)110
Insulin Glargine (Titration Algorithm D)10

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Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (Below 3.0 mmol/L (54 Milligrams Per Deciliter [mg/dL]), Confirmed by Blood Glucose (BG) Meter) or Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3)

Clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) were defined as episodes that were sufficiently low to indicate serious, clinically important hypoglycaemia with plasma glucose value of less than (<) 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). Severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) were defined as episodes that were associated with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Number of clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2), confirmed by blood glucose (BG) meter or severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) that occured from baseline (week 0, visit 2) to end of treatment (week 16, visit 18) are presented. (NCT03951805)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (visit 2) to week 16 (visit 18)

InterventionCount of events (Number)
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm A)1
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm B)2
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm C)8
Insulin Glargine (Titration Algorithm D)0

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Change in HbA1c (Glycated Haemoglobin)

Estimated mean change in HbA1c from baseline (week 0, visit 2) to end of treatment (week 16, visit 18) is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was considered exposed to trial product, excluding any period after initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment (rescue medication). (NCT03951805)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (visit 2) to week 16 (visit 18)

InterventionPercentage point of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm A)-1.00
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm B)-1.22
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm C)-1.38
Insulin Glargine (Titration Algorithm D)-1.02

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Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Estimated mean change in FPG from baseline (week 0, visit 2) to end of treatment (week 16, visit 18) is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was considered exposed to trial product, excluding any period after initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment (rescue medication). (NCT03951805)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (visit 2) to week 16 (visit 18)

InterventionMillimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm A)-2.23
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm B)-2.42
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm C)-3.01
Insulin Glargine (Titration Algorithm D)-2.34

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Weekly Insulin Dose

Estimated mean average weekly insulin dose during the last 2 weeks of treatment is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was considered exposed to trial product, excluding any period after initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment (rescue medication). (NCT03951805)
Timeframe: During the last 2 weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16)

InterventionUnits of insulin (U) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm A)142.47
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm B)176.38
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm C)208.90
Insulin Glargine (Titration Algorithm D)145.56

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Change in Body Weight

Estimated mean change in body weight from baseline (week 0, visit 2) to end of treatment (week 16, visit 18) is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was considered exposed to trial product, excluding any period after initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment (rescue medication). (NCT03951805)
Timeframe: From baseline week 0 (visit 2) to week 16 (visit 18)

InterventionKilogram (Kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm A)0.87
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm B)1.11
Insulin 287 (Titration Algorithm C)1.25
Insulin Glargine (Titration Algorithm D)0.63

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. It is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Number of Bolus at Study Entry Stratum + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT03952130)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)-0.28
LY900014-0.21

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2-hour PPG Excursion During MMTT

A standardized MMTT was used to characterize postprandial glucose control following administration of the study insulin. Serum glucose measured at 2-hour timepoint after the start of meal minus fasting serum glucose. LS mean was determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Hemoglobin A1c Stratum at Baseline + Use of Metformin at Study Entry + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT03952130)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)142.2
LY900014116.7

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1-hour Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Excursion During Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT)

A standardized MMTT was used to characterize postprandial glucose control following administration of the study insulin. Serum glucose measured at 1-hour timepoint after the start of meal minus fasting serum glucose. LS mean was determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Hemoglobin A1c Stratum at Baseline + Use of Metformin at Study Entry + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT03952130)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)102.8
LY90001485.0

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Change From Baseline in 10-Point Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values

SMBG 10-point profiles were measured at morning (premeal-fasting, 1-hour post meal, 2-hour post meal), midday (premeal, 1-hour post meal, 2-hour post meal), evening (premeal, 1-hour post meal, 2-hour post meal) and bedtime. LS Mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Hemoglobin A1c Stratum at Baseline + Use of Metformin at Study Entry + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT03952130)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Morning premeal-fastingMorning 1-hour post mealMorning 2-hour postmealMidday premealMidday 1-hour post mealMidday 2-hour post mealEvening premealEvening 1-hour post mealEvening 2-hour post mealBedtime
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)5.5-6.4-9.5-6.7-4.7-10.8-12.2-2.4-7.0-7.9
LY900014-10.2-20.4-24.4-9.0-13.8-14.1-1.6-8.0-14.8-12.4

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Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)

1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a marker of short-term glycemic control especially postprandial hyperglycemia. It accurately predicts rapid changes in glycemia and is tightly associated with glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose. LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Hemoglobin A1c Stratum at Baseline + Use of Metformin at Study Entry + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT03952130)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmilligrams per liter (mg/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)0.39
LY9000140.10

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Change From Baseline in Daily Insulin Dose

LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Hemoglobin A1c Stratum at Baseline + Use of Metformin at Study Entry + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT03952130)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
InterventionUnits per day (Least Squares Mean)
Basal Insulin DoseBolus Insulin DoseTotal Insulin Dose
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)0.06.06.0
LY9000140.06.66.6

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% and ≤6.5%

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. It is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. (NCT03952130)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c < 7%HbA1c ≤ 6.5%
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)28.4815.15
LY90001426.719.94

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Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia

Severe hypoglycemia is defined as an event requiring assistance of another person to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Rate of severe hypoglycemia events per 100 years during a defined period was calculated by total number of severe hypoglycemia episodes within the period divided by the cumulative days on treatment from all participants within that treatment group *36525 days. (NCT03952130)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

InterventionEvents per 100 participant years (Number)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)6.88
LY9000145.87

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Rate of Documented Symptomatic Post Meal Hypoglycemia

Documented symptomatic post meal hypoglycemia is an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by blood glucose (BG) of ≤70 mg/dL [3.9 millimole per liter (mmol/L)]. The rate of documented symptomatic post meal hypoglycemia per year during a defined period is calculated by the total number of documented symptomatic post meal hypoglycemia events within the period divided by the cumulative days on treatment from all participants within that treatment group *365.25. (NCT03952130)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

,
InterventionEvents per participant per year (Number)
<=30 minutes post meal<=1 hour post meal<=2 hours post meal<=4 hours post meal>1 to <=2 hours post meal>2 to <=4 hours post meal>4 hours post meal
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)0.110.753.8010.23.056.4014.2
LY9000140.091.204.5212.43.327.8710.5

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1-hour Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Excursion During Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT)

A standardized MMTT was used to characterize postprandial glucose control following administration of the study insulin. Serum glucose measured at 1-hour timepoint after the start of meal minus fasting serum glucose. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Hemoglobin A1c Stratum at Baseline + Number of Bolus at Study Entry Stratum + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03952143)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)100.8
LY90001486.2

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2-hour PPG Excursion During MMTT

A standardized MMTT was used to characterize postprandial glucose control following administration of the study insulin. Serum glucose measured at 2-hour timepoint after the start of meal minus fasting serum glucose. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Hemoglobin A1c Stratum at Baseline + Number of Bolus at Study Entry Stratum + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03952143)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)133.2
LY900014111.4

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Change From Baseline in 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)

1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a marker of short-term glycemic control especially postprandial hyperglycemia. 1,5-AG accurately predicts rapid changes in glycemia and is tightly associated with glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose. LS Mean was calculated using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) with Baseline + Pooled Country + Hemoglobin A1c Stratum at Baseline + Number of Bolus at Study Entry Stratum + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) (NCT03952143)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Interventionmilligram per liter (mg/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)2.49
LY9000142.21

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Number of Bolus at Study Entry Stratum + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03952143)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)-0.63
LY900014-0.56

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Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia

Severe hypoglycemia is defined as an event requiring assistance of another person to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Rate of severe hypoglycemia events per 100 years during a defined period was calculated by total number of severe hypoglycemia episodes within the period divided by the cumulative days on treatment from all participants within that treatment group *36525. (NCT03952143)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

InterventionEvents per 100 participant years (Number)
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)2.00
LY9000140.52

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Change From Baseline in 10-Point Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values

SMBG 10-point profiles were measured at fasting, 1-hour post morning meal, 2-hours post morning meal, pre midday meal, 1-hour post midday meal, 2-hours post midday meal, pre evening meal, 1-hour post evening meal, 2-hours post evening meal, and bedtime. LS Mean was analyzed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Hemoglobin A1c Stratum at Baseline + Number of Bolus at Study Entry Stratum + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03952143)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Morning PremealMorning 1-hour PostmealMorning 2-hour PostmealMidday PremealMidday 1-hour PostmealMidday 2-hour PostmealEvening PremealEvening 1-hour PostmealEvening 2-hour PostmealBedtime
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)2.2-12.9-15.9-9.8-15.2-24.4-25.0-17.6-22.1-22.3
LY9000144.4-18.1-21.3-5.7-13.9-22.5-10.9-15.6-22.3-20.7

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Change From Baseline in Insulin Dose

LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Hemoglobin A1c Stratum at Baseline + Number of Bolus at Study Entry Stratum + Type of Basal at Lead-in Stratum + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) (NCT03952143)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

,
InterventionUnits (U) (Least Squares Mean)
Total Daily Insulin DoseDaily Basal Insulin DoseDaily Prandial Insulin Dose
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)15.10.714.7
LY90001417.81.416.7

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% and ≤6.5%

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Only subjects with non-missing baseline value and at least one non-missing post-baseline value of the response variable were included in analysis. (NCT03952143)
Timeframe: Week 26

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c < 7%HbA1c ≤ 6.5%
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)44.5027.23
LY90001446.6527.93

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Rate of Documented Symptomatic Postmeal Hypoglycemia

Documented symptomatic postmeal hypoglycemia is an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by blood glucose (BG) of ≤70 mg/dL [3.9 millimole per liter (mmol/L)]. The rate of documented symptomatic postmeal hypoglycemia was estimated by negative binomial model: number of episodes = treatment with log (treatment exposure in days/365.25) as an offset variable (NCT03952143)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 26

,
InterventionEvents per participant per year (Least Squares Mean)
≤30 minutes post meal≤1 hour post meal>1 to ≤2 hours post meal≤2 hours post meal>2 to ≤4 hours post meal≤4 hours post meal
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)0.130.250.670.921.962.89
LY9000140.110.341.071.411.923.32

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Glucose Total Coefficient of Variation (CV%)

CV% was a measure of spread of variability relative to mean of population. For CGM glucose values, CV% was measure of glycemic variability across 20 days and calculated as ratio of standard deviation of glucose values to mean of glucose values. LS means and SE were obtained using ANCOVA model using fixed categorical effects of treatment groups (Toujeo, Tresiba), randomization stratum of screening HbA1c (<8.0% versus >=8.0%), and the continuous fixed covariate of Baseline value. (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: During Week 10 up to Week 12

Interventionpercentage of total CV (Least Squares Mean)
Toujeo39.91
Tresiba41.22

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 12

Change in FPG was analyzed using an ANCOVA model including the fixed categorical effects of treatment groups (Toujeo, Tresiba) and the randomization stratum of HbA1c at screening (<8.0%, >=8.0%) and the continuous fixed covariate of Baseline FPG value. (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (Least Squares Mean)
Toujeo-16.05
Tresiba-34.55

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Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 12

Change in HbA1c at Week 12 was analyzed using an ANCOVA model including the fixed categorical effects of treatment groups (Toujeo, Tresiba), and the continuous fixed covariate of Baseline HbA1c value. (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionpercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Toujeo-0.75
Tresiba-0.92

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Percentage of Time of Glucose Concentration Within the Target Range of Greater Than or Equal to (>=) 70 to Less Than or Equal to (<=) 180 Milligrams Per Deciliter: Non-inferiority Analysis

The Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system combined frequent interstitial glucose measurements (every 5 minutes) with ability to analyze glucose levels in real time. Adjusted least square (LS) means and standard error (SE) were obtained using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model on data obtained from the multiple imputations during Week 10 to Week 12. (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: During Week 10 up to Week 12

Interventionpercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
Toujeo52.74
Tresiba55.09

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Percentage of Time With Glucose Level <70 Milligrams Per Deciliter (All Time and During the Night)

"The CGM system combined frequent interstitial glucose measurements (every 5 minutes) with ability to analyze glucose levels in real time. All time represent the time between 00.00 hour to 23.59 hours and night represent the time between 00.00 hour to 05.59 hours. LS means and SE were obtained using ANCOVA model using fixed categorical effects of treatment groups (Toujeo, Tresiba), randomization stratum of screening HbA1c (<8.0% versus >=8.0%), and the continuous fixed covariate of Baseline value." (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: During Week 10 up to Week 12

,
Interventionpercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
All timeNight
Toujeo5.556.32
Tresiba6.496.26

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Number of Participants With at Least One Hypoglycemic Event During the On-treatment Period

Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions, because the participant was not capable of helping self. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (<70 milligrams per deciliter). On-treatment period was defined as the time from the first injection of IMP (included) up to 2 days after the last injection of IMP. (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: From the first injection of IMP up to 2 days after the last injection of IMP (i.e., up to 86 days)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any hypoglycemiaSevere hypoglycemiaDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemia
Toujeo1658136
Tresiba16610134

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Number of Hypoglycemic Events Per Participant Year During the On-treatment Period

Number of hypoglycemia events (any, severe and documented) per participant-year of exposure were reported. Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions, because the participant was not capable of helping self. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <3.9 mmol/L (<70 milligrams per deciliter). On-treatment period was defined as the time from the first injection of IMP (included) up to 2 days after the last injection of IMP. Total participant years = The sum of the duration of exposure for all participants, expressed in participant years. (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: From the first injection of IMP up to 2 days after the last injection of IMP (i.e., up to 86 days)

,
Interventionevents per participant-year (Number)
Any hypoglycemiaSevere hypoglycemiaDocumented symptomatic hypoglycemia
Toujeo109.40.267.1
Tresiba114.90.366.9

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Mean Hours Per Day With Glucose Level <70 Milligrams Per Deciliter (All Time and During the Night)

"All time represent the time between 00.00 hour to 23.59 hours and night represent the time between 00.00 hour to 05.59 hours. Mean hours per day with glucose level <70 milligrams per deciliter during all time and only during night for the duration of Week 10 to Week 12 is reported in this outcome measure." (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: During Week 10 up to Week 12

,
Interventionhours per day (Least Squares Mean)
All timeNight
Toujeo1.330.38
Tresiba1.560.38

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Glucose Within-day CV% and Between-day CV%

CV% was a measure of spread of variability relative to mean of population. For CGM glucose values, CV% was measure of glycemic variability across 20 days and calculated within day and between days as ratio of standard deviation of glucose values to mean of glucose values. LS mean and SE were obtained from ANCOVA model including fixed categorical effects of treatment groups (TOUJEO, TRESIBA), randomization stratum of screening HbA1c (<8.0% versus >=8.0%), and as well as, the continuous fixed covariate of Baseline value. (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: During Week 10 up to Week 12

,
Interventionpercentage of CV (Least Squares Mean)
Within-day CV%Between-day CV%
Toujeo33.4817.23
Tresiba34.3718.08

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Percentage of Time With Glucose Level >180 Milligrams Per Deciliter

The CGM system combined frequent interstitial glucose measurements (every 5 minutes) with ability to analyze glucose levels in real time. LS means and SE were obtained using ANCOVA model using fixed categorical effects of treatment groups (Toujeo, Tresiba), randomization stratum of screening HbA1c (<8.0% versus >=8.0%), and the continuous fixed covariate of Baseline value. (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: During Week 10 up to Week 12

Interventionpercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
Toujeo41.52
Tresiba38.31

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Percentage of Time of Glucose Concentration Within the Target Range of >=70 to <=180 Milligrams Per Deciliter: Superiority Analysis

The CGM system combined frequent interstitial glucose measurements (every 5 minutes) with ability to analyze glucose levels in real time. Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using ANCOVA model on data obtained from the multiple imputations during Week 10 to Week 12. (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: During Week 10 up to Week 12

Interventionpercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
Toujeo52.74
Tresiba55.09

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Mean Hours Per Day With Glucose Level >180 Milligrams Per Deciliter

Mean hours per day with glucose level >180 milligrams per deciliter for the duration of Week 10 to Week 12 is reported in this outcome measure. (NCT04075513)
Timeframe: During Week 10 up to Week 12

Interventionhours per day (Least Squares Mean)
Toujeo9.96
Tresiba9.19

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Weight Loss ≥5%

Imputed data includes observed value and imputed value if endpoint measure is missing. (NCT04093752)
Timeframe: Week 40

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
5 mg Tirzepatide55.70
10 mg Tirzepatide71.62
15 mg Tirzepatide74.11
Insulin Glargine5.58

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Percentage of Participants Achieving an HbA1c Target Value of <7.0%

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Imputed data includes observed value and imputed value if endpoint measure is missing. (NCT04093752)
Timeframe: Week 40

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
5 mg Tirzepatide75.44
10 mg Tirzepatide86.04
15 mg Tirzepatide84.38
Insulin Glargine23.72

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Mean Change From Baseline in HbA1c (5 mg)

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS mean was determined by MMRM model with covariates Baseline + Country + Baseline OAM Use (Met, Met plus SU) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT04093752)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide-2.24
Insulin Glargine-0.95

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Mean Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (10 mg and 15 mg)

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model with covariates Baseline + Country + Baseline Oral Antihyperglycemic Medication (OAM) Use (Metformin (Met), Met plus Sulfonylurea (SU)) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT04093752)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
10 mg Tirzepatide-2.44
15 mg Tirzepatide-2.49
Insulin Glargine-0.95

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Mean Change in Daily Glucose Average From Baseline in 7-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Values

The SMBG data was collected at the following 7 time points: Morning Premeal - Fasting, Morning 2-hour Post-meal, Midday Premeal, Midday 2-hour Post-meal, Evening Premeal, Evening 2-hour Post-meal and Bedtime. LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Country + Baseline OAM Use (Met, Met plus SU) + Baseline HbA1c Group (<= 8.5%, >8.5%) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) as covariates. (NCT04093752)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide-77.0
10 mg Tirzepatide-83.4
15 mg Tirzepatide-84.6
Insulin Glargine-42.8

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Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction as Measured by the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, Change Version (DTSQc) Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia and Treatment Satisfaction Score

DTSQc, an 8-item questionnaire, assesses relative change in treatment satisfaction perceived frequency of hyperglycemia, and perceived frequency of hypoglycemia from baseline to week 40 or early termination. The treatment satisfaction score ranges from -18 to 18 where the higher the score the greater the improvement in satisfaction with treatment. The lower the score the greater the deterioration in satisfaction with treatment. The hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia scores range from -3 to 3 where negative scores indicate fewer problems with blood glucose levels and positive scores indicate more problems than before. LS mean was determined by ANCOVA model for endpoint measures with Baseline + Country + Baseline HbA1c Group (<=8.5%, >8.5%) + Baseline OAM Use (Met, Met plus SU) + Treatment (Type III sum of squares) as covariates. (NCT04093752)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40

,,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
HyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaTreatment Satisfaction Score
10 mg Tirzepatide-2.1-1.915.8
15 mg Tirzepatide-2.0-2.015.9
5 mg Tirzepatide-1.8-1.916.0
Insulin Glargine-1.3-1.814.2

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Percentage of Participants Achieving an HbA1c Target Value of <5.7%

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. Imputed data includes observed value and imputed value if endpoint measure is missing. (NCT04093752)
Timeframe: Week 40

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
5 mg Tirzepatide14.91
10 mg Tirzepatide20.72
15 mg Tirzepatide27.68
Insulin Glargine0.00

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Rate of Hypoglycemia With Blood Glucose < 54 mg/dL or Severe Hypoglycemia

The hypoglycemia events were defined by participant reported events with blood glucose < 54 mg/dL [<3.0 Millimole per Liter (mmol/L)] or severe hypoglycemia. Severe hypoglycemia is defined as an episode with severe cognitive impairment requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. These episodes may be associated with sufficient neuroglycopenia to induce seizure or coma. The rate of post-baseline hypoglycemia was estimated by negative binomial model: Number of episodes = Country + Baseline OAM Use (Met, Met plus SU) + Baseline HbA1c Group (<= 8.5%, >8.5%) + Treatment, with log (exposure in days/365.25) as an offset variable. (NCT04093752)
Timeframe: Baseline through end of safety follow-up (Up To Week 44)

InterventionEpisodes/participant/365.25 days (Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide0.0658
10 mg Tirzepatide0.0890
15 mg Tirzepatide0.0700
Insulin Glargine0.0538

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Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Serum Glucose

Fasting serum glucose (FSG) is a test to determine sugar levels in serum sample after an overnight fast. LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Country + Baseline OAM Use (Met, Met plus SU) + Baseline HbA1c Group (<= 8.5%, >8.5%) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) as covariates. (NCT04093752)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide-58.6
10 mg Tirzepatide-66.2
15 mg Tirzepatide-64.8
Insulin Glargine-46.2

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Mean Change From Baseline in Body Weight

LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Country + Baseline OAM Use (Met, Met plus SU) + Baseline HbA1c Group (<= 8.5%, >8.5%) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) as covariates. (NCT04093752)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40

Interventionkilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
5 mg Tirzepatide-5.0
10 mg Tirzepatide-7.0
15 mg Tirzepatide-7.2
Insulin Glargine1.5

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications (OAM) use + Treatment + Visit + Treatment*Visit (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT04591626)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-2.03
Placebo-1.08

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0%

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Odds Ratio (OR) was determined using longitudinal logistic regression model with Baseline HbA1c value + OAM use + Treatment + Visit + Treatment*Visit as variables. (NCT04591626)
Timeframe: Week 28

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide75.9
Placebo33.8

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% With no Weight Gain (<0.1 kg) and Without Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Blood Glucose <3.0 mmol/L)

Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% With no Weight Gain (<0.1 kg) and Without Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Blood Glucose <3.0 mmol/L) was reported here. (NCT04591626)
Timeframe: Week 28

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide51.8
Placebo21.1

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Weight Gain (<0.1 kg)

Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Weight Gain (<0.1 kg) was reported here. (NCT04591626)
Timeframe: Week 28

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide51.8
Placebo21.1

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Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Blood Glucose <3.0 mmol/L)

Percentage of Participants Achieving HbA1c <7.0% Without Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (Blood Glucose <3.0 mmol/L) was reported here. (NCT04591626)
Timeframe: Week 28

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide74.8
Placebo33.3

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)

Change from baseline in FSG was reported here. LS mean was determined using MMRM model with Baseline + Baseline HbA1c strata (<8.5%, >=8.5%) + OAM use + Treatment + Visit + Treatment*Visit (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT04591626)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-58.47
Placebo-43.64

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Change From Baseline in Blood Glucose From Daily Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profile

The SMBG data was collected at the following 7 time points: Pre morning meal BG, 2-hour postprandial measurement for morning meal BG, Pre midday meal BG, 2-hour postprandial measurement for midday meal BG, Pre evening meal BG, 2-hour postprandial measurement for evening meals BG, and Bedtime BG. LS mean was determined using MMRM model with Baseline + OAM (metformin and/or acarbose) usage + HbA1c Group at Baseline + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT04591626)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-64.0
Placebo-37.7

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

Change from baseline in body weight was reported here. LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Baseline HbA1c strata (<8.5%, >=8.5%) + OAM use + Treatment + Visit + Treatment*Visit (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT04591626)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide-0.76
Placebo0.42

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Change From Baseline in Daily Mean Insulin Glargine Doses

LS mean was determined using MMRM model with Baseline + Baseline HbA1c strata (<8.5%, >=8.5%) + OAM use + Treatment + Visit + Treatment*Visit (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT04591626)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

InterventionInternational Units per day(IU/day) (Least Squares Mean)
1.5 mg Dulaglutide10.0
Placebo14.0

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Change From Baseline in Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) - Glycemic Control Domain Score at Week 12

The ITSQ is a 22-item questionnaire that assesses treatment satisfaction for subjects taking insulin under 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen [IR - 5 items], Lifestyle Flexibility [LF - 3 items], Glycemic Control [GC - 3 items], Hypoglycemic Control [HC - 5 items], Insulin Delivery Device [IDD - 6 items]. Each Item is measured on a 7-point scale, with scores ranging for IR from 5 to 35, LF from 3 to 21, GC from 3 to 21, HC from 5 to 35, IDD from 6 to 42. Lower scores reflect better outcomes. Data presented are for Glycemic Control Domain Scores transformed on a 0-100 scale, where transformed domain score = 100×[(7-raw domain score)/6]. Higher scores indicate better glycemic control. Least squares (LS) mean estimated from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model that included baseline score as a covariate. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY90001416.9

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Change From Baseline in Daily Insulin Dose at Week 12

LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Time as variables. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

InterventionUnits per day (Least Squares Mean)
Basal Insulin DoseBolus Insulin DoseTotal Insulin Dose
LY9000143.718.022.0

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Change From Baseline in Bolus/Total Insulin Dose Percentage at Week 12

LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Time as variables. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionpercentage of insulin dose (Least Squares Mean)
LY9000146.0

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Change From Baseline in Percentage of Time With CGM Sensor Glucose Value >250 mg/dL (>13.9 mmol/L) During Daytime and 24-hour Period at Week 12

LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Time as variables. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

InterventionPercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
Daytime24-Hour Period
LY900014-1.56-1.07

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Percentage of Participants With HbA1c <7% and ≤6.5%

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. It is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Week 12

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
HbA1c <7%HbA1c ≤6.5%
LY90001416.884.55

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 12

HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. It is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Time as variables. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

InterventionPercentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
LY900014-0.44

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Change From Baseline in Percentage of Time With CGM Sensor Glucose Values Between 70-180 mg/dL (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) (Both Inclusive) During the 24-hour Period at Week 12

LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Time as variables. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

InterventionPercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
LY9000143.3

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Change From Baseline in Percentage of Time With Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Sensor Glucose Values Between 70-180 Milligrams/Deciliter (mg/dL) (3.9-10.0 Millimoles/Liter [mmol/L]) (Both Inclusive) During Daytime Period at Week 12

Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Time as variables. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

InterventionPercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
LY9000143.8

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Change From Baseline in Percentage of Time With CGM Sensor Glucose Values <54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L) During Daytime and 24-hour Periods at Week 12

LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Time as variables. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

InterventionPercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
Daytime24-hour Period
LY9000140.100.00

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Change From Baseline in Percentage of Time With CGM Sensor Glucose Values >180 mg/dL (>10.0 mmol/L) During Daytime and 24-hour Period at Week 12

LS mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Time as variables. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

InterventionPercentage of time (Least Squares Mean)
Daytime24-Hour Period
LY900014-4.3-3.4

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Change From Baseline in Postprandial Incremental Area Under the Glucose Curve (iAUC) 0-1 Hour at Week 12

iAUC reflects the metabolic control and is calculated using the standard trapezoidal rule from Glucose measures taken every 15 minutes from 0 to 1 hour after meal using CGM sensor (i.e., 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes after meal). LS mean was determined by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) with Baseline as covariate. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionmilligrams*hours per deciliter (mg*h/dl) (Least Squares Mean)
BreakfastLunchDinnerOverall - across meals
LY900014-1.57-0.56-2.76-2.46

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Change From Baseline in Postprandial Incremental Area Under the Glucose Curve (iAUC) 0-2 Hour at Week 12

iAUC reflects the metabolic control and is calculated using the standard trapezoidal rule from glucose measures taken every 15 minutes from 0 to 2 hours after meal using CGM sensor (i.e., 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 minutes after meal). LS mean was determined by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) with Baseline as covariate. (NCT04605991)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionmg*h/dl (Least Squares Mean)
BreakfastLunchDinnerOverall - across meals
LY900014-8.1-2.57-8.32-8.8

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Length of Hospital Stay

Length of hospital stay of the study participants (NCT04834362)
Timeframe: During the hospital stay assessed up to 10 days

InterventionDays (Mean)
Analog Insulin Arm4.7
Human Insulin Arm4.8

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Mortality

In-hospital mortality of the study participants (NCT04834362)
Timeframe: During the hospital stay assessed up to 10 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Analog Insulin Arm15
Human Insulin Arm16

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Total Daily Dose of Insulin

Total daily dose of insulin is calculated according to total basal insulin dose plus total bolus insulin dose divided by days of treatment (NCT04834362)
Timeframe: During the hospital stay assessed up to 10 days

InterventionUnits/day (Mean)
Analog Insulin Arm22.3
Human Insulin Arm26.7

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Glycemic Control

Differences in glycemic control between groups, as measured by mean blood glucose concentration (NCT04834362)
Timeframe: During the hospital stay assessed up to 10 days

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Analog Insulin Arm10.7
Human Insulin Arm10.9

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