anthranilamide profile

Anthranilamide is a white crystalline solid that serves as an important building block in organic synthesis. It is a versatile intermediate used to produce various pharmaceutical compounds, including anti-inflammatory drugs, antimalarials, and anticonvulsants. The synthesis of anthranilamide is typically achieved through the reaction of anthranilic acid with ammonia. Its diverse applications stem from its ability to act as a nucleophile and participate in various chemical reactions, such as acylation, alkylation, and condensation. Research on anthranilamide is driven by its potential to develop new and effective pharmaceutical agents, as well as its role in the synthesis of other valuable organic compounds.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6942
CHEMBL ID	43175
CHEBI ID	193638
SCHEMBL ID	38228
SCHEMBL ID	11068162
MeSH ID	M0040281

Synonym
anthranilic acid amide
MLS001066328
smr000112353
AC-20346
nsc38768
benzamide, o-amino-
anthranilamide ,
88-68-6
nsc-38768
o-aminobenzamide
anthranilimidic acid
benzamide, 2-amino-
brn 0508509
2-carbamoylaniline
anthranilimidic acid (van)
2-aminobenzamide (van)
aminobenzamide
einecs 201-851-2
hsdb 5261
anthranilamide (van)
benzamide, o-amino- (van)
o-aminobenzamide (van)
nsc 38768
ai3-28018
benzoic acid, 2-amino-, amide
OPREA1_246280
2-aminobenzamide
inchi=1/c7h8n2o/c8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h1-4h,8h2,(h2,9,10
anthranilamide, >=98%
bdbm33219
2-amino benzamide, 7
A0262
2-amino-benzamideanthranilamide
CHEMBL43175
HMS1732D11
CHEBI:193638
AKOS000119694
A842842
NCGC00247015-01
NCGC00247015-02
4-14-00-01010 (beilstein handbook reference)
q1m2wek6va ,
unii-q1m2wek6va
NCGC00257966-01
tox21_200412
dtxsid2021789 ,
cas-88-68-6
dtxcid501789
STL163592
BBL012278
HMS2269G08
2ae ,
2-amino-benzamide
FT-0611226
PS-5040
benzenecarboximidicacid, 2-amino-
28144-70-9
SCHEMBL38228
2-aminobenzamide [hsdb]
aminobenzamide, 2-
SCHEMBL11068162
2- amino-benzamide
2-aminobenz-amide
2-amino benzamide
o-carbamoylaniline
2-aminobenzenecarboxamide
ortho-aminobenzamide
amino-benzamide
W-100391
STR02027
AT-057/40177776
F3329-0460
anthranilamide, matrix substance for maldi-ms, >=99.0% (hplc)
mfcd00007981
D71115
benzamide, o-amino- (van) (8ci)
2-carbamoylaniline, anthranilimidic acid
o-amino-benzamide
CS-D1680
Z57036632
SY001144
Q27286892
2-aminobenzamide 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
2-aminobenzimidic acid
discontinued. please see o878507
oxytocin-d5
EN300-17791

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The role of Fc glycans on clearance of IgG molecule has been examined by various groups in experiments where specific glycans have been enriched or the entire spectrum of glycans was studied after administration in pre-clinical or clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies."	( Increased serum clearance of oligomannose species present on a human IgG1 molecule. Acquah, A; Alessandri, L; Correia, I; Fujimori, T; Leblond, D; Ouellette, D; Radziejewski, C; Rieser, M; Saltarelli, M, )	0.13

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Anthranilamide analogues such as 23 are potent and highly selective muscarinic M2 antagonists that also show good oral bioavailability and in vivo activity."	( Muscarinic M2 antagonists: anthranilamide derivatives with exceptional selectivity and in vivo activity. Billard, W; Binch, H; Chen, LY; Clader, JW; Crosby, G; Duffy, RA; Ford, J; Greenlee, WJ; Kozlowski, JA; Lachowicz, JE; Li, S; Liu, C; McCombie, SW; Vice, S; Zhou, G, 2004)	2.06
" Optimized derivatives are selective, functional B(1) antagonists with low nanomolar affinity and exhibit oral bioavailability in animals."	( Potent and orally bioavailable non-peptide antagonists at the human bradykinin B(1) receptor based on a 2-alkylamino-5-sulfamoylbenzamide core. Beattie, D; Bevan, SJ; Bloomfield, GC; Burgess, GM; Culshaw, AJ; Davis, C; Drake, GS; Dunstan, AR; Dziadulewicz, EK; Ganju, P; Hughes, GA; McIntyre, P; Müller, W; Ritchie, TJ; Yaqoob, M, 2004)	0.32
"Introduction of the phenyl piperidinone and phenyl pyridinone P4 moieties in the anthranilamide scaffold led to potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of factor Xa."	( Structure-activity relationships of anthranilamide-based factor Xa inhibitors containing piperidinone and pyridinone P4 moieties. Chang, CH; Cheney, DL; Corte, JR; Fang, T; Gauuan, JF; Hadden, M; Han, W; He, K; Hu, Z; Jiang, XJ; Knabb, RM; Lam, PY; Li, YL; Luettgen, JM; Morin, PE; Orton, D; Pinto, DJ; Rendina, AR; Wexler, RR; Wong, PC, 2008)	0.85
" 4-[6,6-Dimethyl-4-oxo-3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazol-1-yl]-2-[(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino]benzamide (SNX-2112, 9) was identified as highly selective and potent (IC(50) Her2 = 11 nM, HT-29 = 3 nM); its prodrug amino-acetic acid 4-[2-carbamoyl-5-(6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indazol-1-yl)-phenylamino]-cyclohexyl ester methanesulfonate (SNX-5422, 10) was orally bioavailable and efficacious in a broad range of xenograft tumor models (e."	( Discovery of novel 2-aminobenzamide inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 as potent, selective and orally active antitumor agents. Barabasz, AF; Barta, TE; DuBois, LG; Eaves, J; Fadden, RP; Foley, BE; Freed, T; Geng, L; Hall, SE; Hanson, GJ; Hinkley, L; Hu, M; Huang, KH; Hughes, PF; Jenks, M; Lewis, M; Ma, W; Markworth, CJ; McCall, WS; Ommen, AJ; Otto, J; Partridge, JM; Pronk, B; Rice, JW; Scott, A; Silinski, MA; Smith, ED; Steed, PM; Strachan, JP; Veal, JM; Verleysen, K; Woodward, AR, 2009)	0.35

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Their antifungal activities against five fungi were evaluated, and the results indicated that some of the title compounds showed moderate fungicidal activities in vitro against Alternaria solani, Cercospora arachidicola, Fusarium omysporum, Gibberella zeae and Physalospora piricola at the dosage of 50 μg mL(-1)."	( Design, synthesis and antifungal activities of novel pyrrole alkaloid analogs. Feng, Q; Li, ZM; Liu, TW; Wang, MZ; Wang, SH; Xu, H; Yu, SJ, 2011)	0.37
" Selected compounds were dosed orally in rats and checked for their ex vivo prothrombin time prolonging activity, which resulted in identification of compound 5-chloro-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-(4-(N-(2-(diethylamino)acetyl)-S-methylsulfonimidoyl)benzamido)benzamide (18f)."	( Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of potent, selective and orally active anthranilamide-based factor Xa inhibitors: application of weakly basic sulfoximine group as novel S4 binding element. Ajani, H; Chakrabarti, G; Chaugule, B; Jain, M; Jarag, T; Joshi, J; Joshi, N; Kumar, J; Pandya, V; Parmar, B; Patel, H; Patel, J; Patel, P; Rath, A; Sairam, KV; Sharma, B; Soni, H; Unadkat, V, 2012)	0.6

Class	Description
substituted aniline
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
thioredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	79.4328	0.1000	20.8793	79.4328	AID588456
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	27.6550	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.0360	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID743036
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	112.2020	0.5318	15.4358	37.6858	AID504845
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	47.6452	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159555
chromobox protein homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.2341	0.0060	26.1688	89.1251	AID540317
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	100.0000	0.0501	27.0736	89.1251	AID588590
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	4,000.0000	0.0010	0.6836	10.0000	AID1799223; AID419781
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
telomere maintenance via telomerase	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
placenta development	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to unfolded protein	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
virion attachment to host cell	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein ubiquitination	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localization	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell differentiation	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chaperone-mediated protein folding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-4	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber organization	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
telomerase holoenzyme complex assembly	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heat	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein folding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
RNA binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded RNA binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase regulator activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
kinase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class II protein complex binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TPR domain binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
heat shock protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein folding chaperone	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein dimerization activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA polymerase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor ligand inhibitor activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
histone methyltransferase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
unfolded protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
COP9 signalosome	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein folding chaperone complex	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
melanosome	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic growth cone	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
axonal growth cone	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
dynein axonemal particle	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
HSP90-CDC37 chaperone complex	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1494470	Inhibition of Rickettsia prowazekii N-terminal His6-tagged methionine aminopeptidase 1 expressed in Escherichia coli DLB3 Rosetta cells at 10 uM using Met-AMC as substrate preincubated for 1 hr followed by 30 mins incubation after substrate addition measu	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:8	The identification of inhibitory compounds of Rickettsia prowazekii methionine aminopeptidase for antibacterial applications.
AID419781	Binding affinity to ATP binding site of full length human Hsp90beta after 30 mins by fluorescence polarization assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Combining hit identification strategies: fragment-based and in silico approaches to orally active 2-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone.
AID594183	Antimicrobial activity against Alternaria solani at 50 ug/mL by mycelium growth rate method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 46, Issue:5	Design, synthesis and antifungal activities of novel pyrrole alkaloid analogs.
AID594187	Antimicrobial activity against Physalospora piricola at 50 ug/mL by mycelium growth rate method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 46, Issue:5	Design, synthesis and antifungal activities of novel pyrrole alkaloid analogs.
AID28956	Partition coefficient (logP) (dodecane)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1	Rational determination of transfer free energies of small drugs across the water-oil interface.
AID594184	Antimicrobial activity against Cercospora arachidicola at 50 ug/mL by mycelium growth rate method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 46, Issue:5	Design, synthesis and antifungal activities of novel pyrrole alkaloid analogs.
AID594185	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium omysporum at 50 ug/mL by mycelium growth rate method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 46, Issue:5	Design, synthesis and antifungal activities of novel pyrrole alkaloid analogs.
AID28957	Partition coefficient (logP)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1	Rational determination of transfer free energies of small drugs across the water-oil interface.
AID594186	Antimicrobial activity against Gibberella zeae at 50 ug/mL by mycelium growth rate method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 46, Issue:5	Design, synthesis and antifungal activities of novel pyrrole alkaloid analogs.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1799223	Fluorescence Polarization (FP) Assay from Article 10.1021/jm900357y: \\Combining hit identification strategies: fragment-based and in silico approaches to orally active 2-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone.\\	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Combining hit identification strategies: fragment-based and in silico approaches to orally active 2-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3 (1.72)	18.7374
1990's	13 (7.47)	18.2507
2000's	66 (37.93)	29.6817
2010's	79 (45.40)	24.3611
2020's	13 (7.47)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	5 (2.84%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	171 (97.16%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	2.13	1	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
adenine [no description available]	2.05	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	3.45	7	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.01	1	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	2.08	1	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.31	1	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.02	1	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
acetanilide acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.01	1	acetamides; anilide	analgesic
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.51	2	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.37	2	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	1.96	1	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.01	1	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	2.02	1	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	1.96	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazinoic acid pyrazinoic acid: active metabolite of pyrazinamide; structure. pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid : The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.	2.17	1	pyrazinecarboxylic acid	antitubercular agent; drug metabolite
thymine [no description available]	2.02	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.45	2	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	1.96	1	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
acridone acridone : A member of the class of acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9.	7.03	1	acridines; cyclic ketone
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.01	1	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.	1.99	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid	fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	2.69	3	benzamides
caffeine [no description available]	2.01	1	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.01	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	2.17	1	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lithium hydroxide lithium hydroxide: used for tryptophan determinations in proteins & foods; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-OH	2	1	alkali metal hydroxide
entinostat [no description available]	2.31	1	benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	1.96	1	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.58	2	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.11	1	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.01	1	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.11	1	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2	1	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	6.97	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	1.99	1	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.71	3	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	2.11	1	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.31	1	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
phosgene Phosgene: A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304). phosgene : An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.. chloroketone : A ketone containing a chloro substituent.	2.05	1	acyl chloride
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	2.13	1	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.01	1	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	2.1	1	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
benzothiophene [no description available]	2.42	2	1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.11	1	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
benzenesulfonamide [no description available]	2.01	1	sulfonamide
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.01	1	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	2.01	1	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.	2.01	1	monomethoxybenzene	plant metabolite
3-chlorophenol 3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3.	2.01	1	monochlorophenol
cyanuric chloride cyanuric chloride : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides.	2.07	1	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; organochlorine compound	cross-linking reagent
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.99	4	pyrrole; secondary amine
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.05	1	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.42	2	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
piperidine [no description available]	2.02	1	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.13	1	naphthylamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.75	3	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.42	2	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	2.07	1	indazole
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.01	1	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.5	2	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	3.14	5	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid 5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid: structure. 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid : A memebr of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole with methyl and carboxylic acid group substituents at positions 5 and 3 respectively.	2.17	1	monocarboxylic acid; pyrazoles	metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	1.99	1	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.76	3
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2	1
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	2.05	1	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	2.73	3	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.	2.02	1	UDP-D-galactose	mouse metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	3.27	6	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	2.08	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.05	1	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.07	1	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.43	2	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	2.46	2
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.05	1	titanium oxides	food colouring
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.03	1	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	1.97	1	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	2.49	2	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.1	1	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.02	1	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.37	2	pyridinecarboxamide	metabolite
4-aminoquinoline [no description available]	7.15	1
2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole: structure in first source	2.17	1
4-aminobenzamide [no description available]	1.96	1	benzamides
indazole-3-carboxylic acid indazole-3-carboxylic acid: derivatives of above cpd are often antispermatogenic agents	2.17	1
glucose alpha-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->6)-alpha-D-glucan : An alpha-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->6) linkages.. (1->3)-alpha-D-glucan : An alpha-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.01	1	D-glucopyranose	mouse metabolite
fenpiclonil fenpiclonil : A member of the class of pyrroles carrying cyano and 2,3-dichlorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. A fungicide used mainly to control seed-borne pathogens in cereal crops.	2.06	1	dichlorobenzene; nitrile; pyrroles	antifungal agrochemical
bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate [no description available]	2.05	1
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.13	1	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of beta-carbolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline substituted at position 3 by a carboxy group.	2.17	1	alpha-amino acid; aromatic amino acid; beta-carboline alkaloid	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; rat metabolite
tariquidar [no description available]	2.44	2	benzamides
vatalanib [no description available]	2.01	1	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; pyridines; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
5-phenyl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid 5-phenyl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.08	1	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid: structure in first source	2.17	1
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	1.97	1	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
2-oxindole 2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2.	3.83	3	gamma-lactam; indolinone
arabinose [no description available]	2.43	2	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.94	4	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
mannose-6-phosphate beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.13	1	D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	2	1	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
psicose, (d)-isomer [no description available]	2.05	1	monosaccharide
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.01	1	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein.. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains	2	1	CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acid	mouse metabolite
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.41	1	actinomycin	mutagen
2-(3-carboxy-2-pyridinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	bipyridines
3-ethyl-5-methyl-4-oxo-6-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
2-thio-6-azathymine [no description available]	2.02	1
3-chloro-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1h-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinic acid 3-chloro-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinic acid: structure in first source	2.17	1
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.05	1	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
nadp [no description available]	2.37	2
1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylthio)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione [no description available]	2.17	1	pyrrolidines
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	2	1	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
5-tert-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	pyrazoles
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate [no description available]	2	1
bactoprenol [no description available]	2.08	1
rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.	2.54	2	aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.52	2
pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine: structure in first source	2.48	2
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	2	1
maltoheptaose maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2	1	maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
sodium cyanoborohydride sodium cyanoborohydride: reagent for preparing biologically active nitroxides	2.11	1
snx 2112 SNX 2112: an orally available small molecule Hsp90 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	3.14	1	BODIPY compound
nvp-bep800 [no description available]	2.05	1
glycolipids [no description available]	2	1
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.43	2
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	1.97	1
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	2	1
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.25	1	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.13	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	1.99	1
rhamnogalacturonan i rhamnogalacturonan I: pectic polysaccharide from sycamore cell walls; composed of galactosyluronic acid, rhamnosyl, galactosyl, arabinosyl & fucosyl residues. rhamnogalacturonan I : A family of polysaccharides that all contain a linear backbone composed of repeating units of the disaccharide alpha-D-GalpA-(l->2)-alpha-L-Rhap joined by alpha-(1->4) linkages.	2.01	1
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	2.72	3
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.01	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
4-hydroxyquinazoline 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source	2.21	1	quinazolines

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.05	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.05	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.39	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.39	2
Blood Clot [description not available]	2.78	3
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	2.78	3
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	2.52	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.91	4
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	2.52	2
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	2.21	1
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	2.21	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.21	1
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	2.08	1
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	2.08	1
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	2.08	1
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	7.08	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.08	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.71	3
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	2.08	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.08	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.71	3
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.08	1
Friedreich Disease [description not available]	3.4	2
Friedreich Ataxia An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)	3.4	2
Koch's Disease [description not available]	2.15	1
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	7.15	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.05	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.05	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.92	4
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	2.02	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.95	1
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	2	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2	1
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2	1
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2	1
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	2	1
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	2	1
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	2	1
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	1.97	1
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	1.97	1

anthranilamide

Cross-References

Synonyms (87)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (8)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (23)

Molecular Functions (28)

Ceullar Components (23)

Bioassays (22)

Research

Studies (174)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 35.83

Study Types