| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
benzene
[no description available] | 7.99 | 4 | 0 | aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent |
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound | biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent |
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas |
chlordecone
[no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone;
organochlorine compound | insecticide;
persistent organic pollutant |
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite |
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity | antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite |
naphthalene
[no description available] | 7.77 | 3 | 0 | naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene | apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | metal allergen;
nickel group element atom | epitope;
micronutrient |
phenanthrene
phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.' | 7.98 | 4 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon;
phenanthrenes | environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite |
phenol
[no description available] | 7.6 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 7.41 | 2 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite |
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist |
androsterone
[no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid | androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone |
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | mutagen |
benz(a)anthracene
benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes | |
uridine
[no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | uridines | drug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite |
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | | |
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant |
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkene;
gas molecular entity | plant hormone;
refrigerant |
acetylene
[no description available] | 7.08 | 1 | 0 | alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound | |
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent |
carbon disulfide
Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound;
organosulfur compound | |
methanesulfonic acid
[no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alkanesulfonic acid;
one-carbon compound | Escherichia coli metabolite |
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | benzenes;
piperidines | anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug |
acrylamide
[no description available] | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide | alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin |
decalin
decalin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; don't confuse with decaline which has a nitrogen at the juncture of the two rings;. trans-decalin : The trans-stereoisomer of decalin.. decalin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is the decahydro- derivative of naphthalene. | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon | solvent |
naphthacene
tetracene : An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acene;
tetracenes | |
anthracene
acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | acene;
anthracenes;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon | |
1,12-benzoperylene
1,12-benzoperylene: structure; see also record for benzoperylene | 2 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
anthanthrene
[no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings. | 3.55 | 8 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes | |
benzo(b)fluoranthene
benzo[b]fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | mutagen |
fluoranthene
fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
triphenylene
triphenylene: structure. triphenylene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings. | 7.15 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | |
chrysene
chrysene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2252. chrysene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | plant metabolite |
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane | |
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | thymidine 5'-monophosphate | fundamental metabolite |
1,3,5-trifluorobenzene
[no description available] | 7.08 | 1 | 0 | | |
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monofluorobenzenes | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
naphthazarin
naphthazarin: fish toxin; isolated for first time from the walnut onigurmi, Juglans mandshurica maxim var. Sieboldiana Makino; structure. naphthazarin : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 8 are replaced by hydroxy groups. | 6.92 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite |
9-fluorenone
fluoren-9-one : The simplest member of the class fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluorene bearing an oxo substituent at position 9. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | fluoren-9-ones | fungal xenobiotic metabolite |
magnesium carbonate
magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | carbonate salt;
magnesium salt;
one-carbon compound;
organic magnesium salt | antacid;
fertilizer |
trimesic acid
trimesic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that consists of benzene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 5. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids;
tricarboxylic acid | |
rhodamine 6g
rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | | |
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | |
1-nitropyrene
[no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | nitroarene | carcinogenic agent |
neon
Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps. | 7.06 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic neon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom | |
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom | |
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | copper group element atom;
elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom | food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent |
helium
Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. | 7.04 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic helium;
noble gas atom;
s-block element atom | food packaging gas |
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
fluorides
[no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine | |
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. | 3.56 | 8 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | fluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant |
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | phenanthroline | |
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
rubrene
[no description available] | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | | |
bathophenanthroline
4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline : A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two phenyl substituents at positions 4 and 7. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzenes;
phenanthrolines | chelator |
tetracyanoquinodimethane
tetracyanoquinodimethane: structure. tetracyanoquinodimethane : A quinodimethane that is p-quinodimethane in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by cyano groups. | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | alicyclic compound;
nitrile;
quinodimethane | |
benzoperylene
benzoperylene: see also record for 1,12-benzperylene | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | | |
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
perchlorate
perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | chlorine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion | |
fullerene c60
Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms. | 3.54 | 8 | 0 | fullerene | geroprotector |
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to L-isomer; this may not be the same as IMREG-1. Tyr-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-tyrosine and two glycine residues joined in sequence. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide | metabolite |
hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene
hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | | |
zinc hematoporphyrin
[no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | | |
lithium fluoride
lithium fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-F; GR200-A is LiF activated by Mg, Cu, and P | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | | |
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
sodium perchlorate
sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | |
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | triterpene | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | stilbene | |
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name. | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | | |
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | | |
codeine
[no description available] | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic |
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester | antigen;
mouse metabolite |
boron
Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY. | 7.11 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
corannulene
corannulene: structure in first source | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | | |
oligonucleotides
[no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | | |
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | | |
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | | |