An integrin alpha-4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P13612]
CD49 antigen-like family member D;
Integrin alpha-IV;
VLA-4 subunit alpha
| Timeframe | Studies on this Protein(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (7.69) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 9 (69.23) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3 (23.08) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| haloperidol | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0039 | 1 | 1 |
| 1,3-ditolylguanidine | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0610 | 1 | 1 |
| cyclopamine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.3120 | 1 | 1 |
| mocetinostat | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| tr 14035 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0640 | 4 | 5 |
| bio 1211 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2561 | 13 | 13 |
| bio 1211 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0015 | 1 | 1 |
This protein enables 7 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| fibronectin binding | molecular function | Binding to a fibronectin, a group of related adhesive glycoproteins of high molecular weight found on the surface of animal cells, connective tissue matrices, and in extracellular fluids. [GOC:hjd] |
| integrin binding | molecular function | Binding to an integrin. [GOC:ceb] |
| protein binding | molecular function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| coreceptor activity | molecular function | Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity. [GOC:go_curators] |
| metal ion binding | molecular function | Binding to a metal ion. [GOC:ai] |
| cell adhesion molecule binding | molecular function | Binding to a cell adhesion molecule. [GOC:ai] |
| protein antigen binding | molecular function | Binding to a protein antigen. [PMID:9360996] |
This protein is located in 7 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| plasma membrane | cellular component | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363] |
| focal adhesion | cellular component | A cell-substrate junction that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. In insects focal adhesion has also been referred to as hemi-adherens junction (HAJ). [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, ISBN:0124325653, ISBN:0815316208, PMID:10419689, PMID:12191915, PMID:15246682, PMID:1643657, PMID:16805308, PMID:19197329, PMID:23033047, PMID:26923917, PMID:28796323, PMID:8314002] |
| cell surface | cellular component | The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sm] |
| membrane | cellular component | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] |
| growth cone | cellular component | The migrating motile tip of a growing neuron projection, where actin accumulates, and the actin cytoskeleton is the most dynamic. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, ISBN:0815316194, PMID:10082468] |
| neuronal cell body | cellular component | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. [GOC:go_curators] |
| extracellular exosome | cellular component | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:vesicles, PMID:15908444, PMID:17641064, PMID:19442504, PMID:19498381, PMID:22418571, PMID:24009894] |
This protein is active in 1 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| external side of plasma membrane | cellular component | The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface. [GOC:dos, GOC:tb] |
This protein is part of 3 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| integrin alpha4-beta1 complex | cellular component | An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta1 subunit. [PMID:12297042] |
| integrin alpha4-beta7 complex | cellular component | An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta7 subunit. [PMID:12297042] |
| integrin complex | cellular component | A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands. [PMID:17543136] |
This protein is involved in 26 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| immune response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue | biological process | Immune response taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). GALT includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149] |
| cell-matrix adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration | biological process | The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of an ameboid cell. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| leukocyte cell-cell adhesion | biological process | The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules. [GOC:go_curators] |
| cell-matrix adhesion | biological process | The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. [GOC:hb] |
| integrin-mediated signaling pathway | biological process | The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling] |
| B cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:mah] |
| cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin | biological process | The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits. [GOC:add, PMID:12213832, PMID:14754902] |
| heterotypic cell-cell adhesion | biological process | The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules. [GOC:add] |
| substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading | biological process | The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate. [GOC:mah, GOC:pf, PMID:17050732] |
| endodermal cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. [CL:0000223, GOC:yaf, PMID:17624332] |
| receptor clustering | biological process | The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, GOC:pr, PMID:19747931, PMID:21453460] |
| negative regulation of vasoconstriction | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction. [GOC:go_curators] |
| leukocyte tethering or rolling | biological process | Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating leukocytes bind selectins on the vessel wall causing the leukocytes to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between selectins and their ligands. Typically the first step in cellular extravasation (the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection). [GOC:bf, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:14680625, PMID:14708592, PMID:7507411, PMID:8600538, Wikipedia:Leukocyte_extravasation] |
| diapedesis | biological process | The passage of a leukocyte between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation. [ISBN:0781735149, PMID:14680625, PMID:14708592, PMID:7507411, PMID:8600538] |
| axonogenesis involved in innervation | biological process | The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue. [GOC:dph, GOC:sart] |
| cellular response to cytokine stimulus | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. [GOC:mah] |
| negative regulation of protein homodimerization activity | biological process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| positive regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:als, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18308860] |
| cellular response to amyloid-beta | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23555824] |
| positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:nc, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23201774] |
| neuron projection extension | biological process | Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, PMID:22790009] |
| clathrin-dependent extracellular exosome endocytosis | biological process | The clathrin-mediated endocytosis of an extracellular exosome. [PMID:24951588] |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
| positive regulation of T cell migration | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration. [GOC:mah] |
| cell-cell adhesion | biological process | The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. [GOC:dos] |
| cell adhesion mediated by integrin | biological process | The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits. [GOC:add, PMID:12213832, PMID:14754902] |