Page last updated: 2024-10-24

myoblast fate specification

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle]

Myoblast fate specification is a complex process involving a series of molecular events that determine the developmental trajectory of a progenitor cell towards becoming a mature muscle cell. This process is tightly regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic cues, ensuring the precise formation and function of skeletal muscle tissue.

The journey begins with the commitment of mesodermal progenitors to the myogenic lineage. This commitment is marked by the expression of key transcription factors such as MyoD and Myf5, which act as molecular switches to activate the myogenic program. These factors initiate a cascade of events leading to the formation of myoblasts, the precursors of muscle fibers.

Myoblasts are characterized by their proliferative capacity and expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), including MyoD, Myf5, MRF4, and Myogenin. These factors orchestrate a complex interplay of gene expression and signaling pathways that drive myoblast differentiation and fusion.

During differentiation, myoblasts undergo a series of morphological and biochemical changes. They cease dividing and begin to express muscle-specific proteins, including myosin, actin, and troponin. These proteins assemble into sarcomeres, the contractile units of muscle fibers.

As differentiation progresses, myoblasts align and fuse together to form multinucleated myotubes. This fusion process is essential for the formation of large, functional muscle fibers. The nuclei within the myotube remain distinct but work in unison to coordinate the expression of genes required for muscle function.

Finally, myotubes mature into muscle fibers, acquiring their characteristic striated pattern and developing the ability to contract. This process involves the further expression of muscle-specific proteins, the formation of a complex network of sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the establishment of neuromuscular junctions, which connect muscle fibers to motor neurons.

The regulation of myoblast fate specification is influenced by a diverse array of signaling pathways and environmental cues. Growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), play crucial roles in promoting myoblast proliferation and survival.

The Wnt signaling pathway is also essential for myoblast fate specification. Wnt proteins can either promote or inhibit myogenesis depending on the specific Wnt ligand and the cellular context. The Notch signaling pathway, often involved in cell fate decisions, has been implicated in the regulation of myoblast differentiation and fusion.

The precise balance of these signaling pathways, combined with intrinsic genetic programming, determines the timing and efficiency of myoblast fate specification. This complex interplay ensures the coordinated development of skeletal muscle tissue, which is essential for locomotion, posture, and a myriad of other physiological functions.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Integrin beta-1An integrin beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P05556]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (17)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
haloperidolhaloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.

Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
1,3-ditolylguanidine1,3-ditolylguanidine: structure given in first source; a selective ligand for the sigma binding sites in the braintoluenes
tirofibantirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.

Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.
L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide
anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acidarginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition systemoligopeptide
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serinearginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serineglycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: synthetic peptide from fibronectins; inhibits experimental metastasis of murine melanoma cells
d-arg-gly-asp-trparginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-tryptophan: a synthetic RGD-containing peptide
l 738167L 738167: structure in first source
cilengitideCilengitide: an alphaVbeta3 integrin antagonist that paralyzes cancer cellsoligopeptide
l 734217L 734217: fibrinogen receptor antagonist; structure given in first source
cyclopaminepiperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-phenylalanine
cyclic(arg-gly-asp-d-phe-val)
mk-0429
mocetinostatmocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).

mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer
aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
tr 14035N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-(2',6'-bismethoxyphenyl)phenylalanine: TR-14035 is the (L)-isomer; an antagonist of both alpha4beta1 and beta7 integrins; structure in first source
bio 1211BIO 1211: integrin alpha4beta1 inhibitor; structure in first source