skeletal muscle organ development

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue. [GOC:dph]

Skeletal muscle development is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves a series of intricate steps, beginning with the specification of myogenic precursor cells, known as myoblasts, and culminating in the formation of mature, functional muscle fibers. This process is orchestrated by a complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications.

The first step in skeletal muscle development is the commitment of mesodermal cells to the myogenic lineage. This commitment is driven by the expression of specific transcription factors, such as Myf5 and MyoD, which are responsible for activating genes involved in myogenesis. These factors are activated by signaling pathways, including Wnt, BMP, and Shh, that are initiated by extracellular cues.

Once myoblasts are specified, they proliferate and migrate to their final destination, where they differentiate into myotubes. Myotube formation involves the fusion of multiple myoblasts, resulting in elongated, multinucleated cells. This fusion process is regulated by a variety of cell adhesion molecules and signaling pathways, including integrins, cadherins, and the Ras/MAPK pathway.

As myotubes mature, they undergo a process of myofibrillogenesis, in which sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of muscle, are assembled. Sarcomere assembly involves the coordinated interaction of numerous proteins, including actin, myosin, and titin, which are precisely organized into a highly structured architecture.

During myofibrillogenesis, the myotubes also develop a specialized membrane system, known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which is essential for calcium signaling and muscle contraction. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is formed by invaginations of the plasma membrane and is closely associated with the transverse tubules, which are extensions of the plasma membrane that encircle each sarcomere.

Finally, mature muscle fibers are characterized by their highly organized structure, their ability to contract, and their capacity for regeneration. Muscle regeneration is an important process that allows muscles to repair themselves after injury or disease. This process is driven by satellite cells, which are quiescent stem cells that reside beneath the basal lamina of muscle fibers. When muscle is damaged, satellite cells are activated and differentiate into myoblasts, which fuse with existing muscle fibers or form new fibers, restoring muscle function.

In summary, skeletal muscle development is a dynamic and intricate process that involves multiple cellular events, including cell commitment, proliferation, migration, fusion, differentiation, and maturation. This process is regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications, all of which contribute to the formation of functional muscle fibers. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate muscle development is crucial for developing therapies for muscle diseases and injuries.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (18)