Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Bile Reflux

Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS.

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Bile Reflux

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Both acid and bile reflux is significantly suppressed by proton pump inhibitor therapy with exceptions among individual esophagitis patients."( Menges, M; Müller, M; Zeitz, M, 2001)
"Combined acid and bile reflux is associated with severe esophagitis."( Markovic, S; Orel, R, 2003)
"The degree of bile reflux is an important index for clinical diagnosis of stomach diseases."( Fan, YM; Huang, WL; Lo, RC, 2015)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Bile reflux has been postulated to be an important factor contributing to gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults."( Markovic, S; Orel, R, 2003)
"Bile reflux has recently been documented as an independent risk factor for NFκB-mediated hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma."( Doukas, PG; Doukas, SG; Judson, BL; Tsatsakis, A; Vageli, DP, 2022)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"It remains unclear how patients with treatment-resistant bile reflux should be managed."( Brecelj, J; Heuschkel, R; Homan, M; Orel, R, 2006)

Research

Studies (210)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199098 (46.67)23.3326
1990's51 (24.29)12.5806
2000's34 (16.19)18.1394
2010's17 (8.10)28.8240
2020's10 (4.76)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
ammonium hydroxide0low10
hydrochloric acid0low20
glycine0low20
hydrogen carbonate0low30
histamine0low40
nitrates0low10
nitrites0low20
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate0low50
aspirin0low30
baclofen0low10
cimetidine0low10
cisapride0low10
pentetic acid0low10
dipyridamole0low10
domperidone0medium32
famotidine0low10
guaifenesin0low30
haloperidol0low10
indomethacin0low10
lorglumide0low10
metoclopramide0low30
omeprazole0medium62
ondansetron0low10
pantoprazole0medium31
procaine0low10
proglumide0low10
rabeprazole0medium21
sulfobromophthalein0low10
trimipramine0medium11
thymidine0low20
carbon tetrachloride0low10
apomorphine0low20
bromodeoxyuridine0low20
taurocholic acid0low80
iminodiacetic acid0low30
isoxazoles0low10
thiocyanate0low10
chenodeoxycholic acid0medium31
glycocholic acid0medium11
erythromycin0low10
sodium hydroxide0medium21
n-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine0low10
technetium0low310
barium sulfate0low40
ursodeoxycholic acid0medium42
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester0low20
diisopropanolnitrosamine0low10
lidofenin0low10
nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine0low20
fomesafen0low10
aluminum phosphate0low10
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine0low10
u 731220low10
caprylates0low10
23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid0low10
technetium tc 99m pentetate0low20
atropine0medium51
cholic acid0low10
deoxycholic acid0medium42
taurochenodeoxycholic acid0low20
tretinoin0low10
sodium bicarbonate0low10
bromochloroacetic acid0low10
curcumin0low10
sodium taurodeoxycholate0low50
ranitidine0medium21
monooctanoin0low10
bilirubin0medium305
dinoprostone0medium11
geranylgeranylacetone0low10
etretinate0low10
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e20low10
morphine0low10
lysophosphatidylcholines0low80
tin0low10
barium0medium11
aluminum0low10
indium0low10
sulfur0low10
selenium0low10
sincalide0low10
pentagastrin0low10
gw 40640low10
technetium tc 99m disofenin0low110
technetium tc 99m mebrofenin0low20
nad0low10
cholecystokinin0low80
ceruletide0low10
gastrins0medium102
glucagon0low20
cellulose0medium11
phosphatidylcholines0low50
technetium tc 99m sestamibi0low30
piperidines0medium11
interleukin-80low10
technetium tc 99m lidofenin0low210
technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid0low20
methylnitronitrosoguanidine0low30
cholestyramine resin0medium41
phosphorus radioisotopes0low10

Protein Targets (893)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain B, pheromone binding protein0011
Chain A, pheromone binding protein0011
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A3003
Chain A, RNA-directed RNA polymerase NS50101
acid sphingomyelinase3003
thioredoxin reductase120012
USP1 protein, partial110011
TDP1 protein190019
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA120012
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 13003
flap endonuclease 15005
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK14004
snurportin-13003
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 13003
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)9009
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor3003
plasminogen precursor3003
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor3003
geminin190019
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1100010
fibroblast growth factor 22 isoform 1 precursor0001
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 130101
Beta-lactamase0101
Transthyretin0011
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0112
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte0112
Cyclin-A20101
Cannabinoid receptor 10011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20112
Choline O-acetyltransferase0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 120101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G5005
Fatty acid-binding protein 50011
Fatty acid-binding protein 50011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 110101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140101
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE7007
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase7007
Chain A, HADH2 protein7007
Chain B, HADH2 protein7007
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase110011
Luciferase9009
acetylcholinesterase100010
phosphopantetheinyl transferase9009
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit8008
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma230023
GLS protein7007
GLI family zinc finger 3170017
Microtubule-associated protein tau100010
AR protein270027
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1140014
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)9009
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3160016
progesterone receptor120012
regulator of G-protein signaling 4100010
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4170017
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1150015
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha230023
farnesoid X nuclear receptor120012
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha250025
cytochrome P450 2D6130013
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta150015
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma100010
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2210021
aryl hydrocarbon receptor130013
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a8008
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor130013
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a8008
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)9009
Histone H2A.x7007
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 17007
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a4004
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor7007
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor4004
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 17007
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d100010
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2200020
mitogen-activated protein kinase 14004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1160016
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 18008
peripheral myelin protein 22130013
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1100010
lethal factor (plasmid)7007
lamin isoform A-delta10150015
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi102012
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 011013
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B7007
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3016016
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4020021
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit110011
Bile salt export pump026029
Cellular tumor antigen p53150015
Integrin beta-32204
Integrin alpha-IIb2204
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0606
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10101
D(2) dopamine receptor011318
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0617
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1102012
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor011011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta102012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2102113
D0809
D(3) dopamine receptor0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0808
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0505
Glutamate receptor 2110011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5102012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3102012
D(2) dopamine receptor0505
D(1A) dopamine receptor05210
D(4) dopamine receptor0429
D(1B) dopamine receptor0406
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0505
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0606
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1102012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2102012
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0808
D(1B) dopamine receptor0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A010010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4102012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3102012
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0606
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6102012
D(4) dopamine receptor0516
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0202
D(3) dopamine receptor012217
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0819
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor011011
Histamine H2 receptor82214
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70707
Spike glycoprotein100010
D(2) dopamine receptor010213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1103114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3102012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2102113
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm20101
D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0316
GABA theta subunit102012
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1016016
D0303
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 58008
Ataxin-29009
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10617
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon102012
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0819
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase100010
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE120012
Chain A, Phospholipase A2 isoform 30011
GTP-binding protein (rab7)0011
ras protein, partial0011
interleukin 86006
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor110011
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
EWS/FLI fusion protein120013
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]190019
glucocerebrosidase5005
Rac1 protein0011
IDH15005
cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa), partial0011
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 17007
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M19009
Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase0202
Solute carrier family 22 member 60505
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0203
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0203
Epidermal growth factor receptor0202
Carbonic anhydrase 109010
Carbonic anhydrase 209011
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Myeloperoxidase0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10405
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-10101
Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10303
Adenosine receptor A10304
Adenosine receptor A2a0203
Substance-P receptor0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20617
Urotensin-2 receptor0101
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma6118
Ras-related protein Rab-2A0011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20303
Rho-associated protein kinase 20202
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0202
Solute carrier family 22 member 200202
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10314
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha130013
pregnane X nuclear receptor140014
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0101
DNA polymerase beta2002
short transient receptor potential channel 6 isoform 10011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4010111
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20317
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40316
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10619
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30619
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40518
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50518
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50417
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M206110
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10418
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30316
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0808
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C010010
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH 0001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0213
ATAD5 protein, partial6006
NFKB1 protein, partial5005
67.9K protein3003
activating transcription factor 69009
D(1A) dopamine receptor6006
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1100010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10101
Chain A, Cruzipain7007
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor3003
Caspase-73003
Inositol monophosphatase 13003
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30407
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10406
pregnane X receptor5005
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B7007
arylsulfatase A7007
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
Nuclear hormone receptor family member daf-120011
chromobox protein homolog 1110011
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 24005
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 14004
oxysterols receptor LXR-beta isoform 10011
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0305
Thymidine phosphorylase0002
Thymidylate kinase0202
Thymidine kinase0002
Thymidylate kinase0202
Chain A, Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Chain A, Beta-lactoglobulin0011
UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase0011
Cytochrome P450 2E10101
SMAD family member 28008
SMAD family member 38008
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease4004
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor120012
caspase-34004
Caspase-72002
caspase-32002
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor08311
Vitamin D3 receptor0549
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor08210
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0628
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0134
Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter0607
TAR DNA-binding protein 437007
Bile acid receptor0022
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 10189
Bile acid receptor0168
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 20202
Phospholipase A20112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0326
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0326
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0326
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0427
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0326
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0326
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0326
G9009
alpha-galactosidase2002
M-phase phosphoprotein 85005
Solute carrier family 22 member 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20609
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0303
Interferon beta9009
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 9009
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10404
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1010011
Cytochrome P450 3A407412
Cytochrome P450 2D60415
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0516
Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 10202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10404
Histamine H2 receptor0527
Histamine H1 receptor0134
Potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta0202
Cytochrome P450 2J20404
Aldehyde oxidase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60203
Solute carrier family 22 member 10304
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20505
Solute carrier family 22 member 80305
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 19009
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10707
Histamine H4 receptor0325
Solute carrier family 22 member 110102
Solute carrier family 22 member 20304
Solute carrier family 22 member 40101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80303
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial9009
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0225
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0225
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0303
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
Insulin receptor 0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0404
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0325
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70303
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B012012
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0326
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0202
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20909
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40224
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0202
Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0225
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0225
Heparanase0011
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein2002
Chain A, Ferritin light chain6006
Nrf21001
15-lipoxygenase, partial4004
alkaline phosphatase, intestinal0101
thioredoxin glutathione reductase2002
Smad34004
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA13003
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)6006
PINK11001
Parkin3003
toll-like receptor 90101
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)2002
TPA: protein transporter TIM100101
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor3003
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein2002
alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme isoform 1 preproprotein0101
hemoglobin subunit beta1001
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
perilipin-50101
intestinal alkaline phosphatase precursor0101
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a7007
perilipin-10101
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
heat shock protein beta-16006
huntingtin isoform 22002
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a2002
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor3003
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein2002
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 isoform a0101
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 13003
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 11001
alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type preproprotein0101
hypothetical protein SA14220101
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a2002
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A3003
Prostaglandin E synthase0202
Histone deacetylase 30101
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A0101
D-amino-acid oxidase0101
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 10202
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0203
Neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src 0101
Cholinesterase0101
Heme oxygenase 1 0101
Glutathione S-transferase P0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0202
60 kDa chaperonin0303
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Microtubule-associated protein tau0102
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0303
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 0101
Tissue factor0101
Tyrosinase0101
Aminopeptidase N0101
Aminopeptidase N0101
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 20202
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Heme oxygenase 20101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D0202
Proteasome subunit beta type-50101
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 20101
Alpha-synuclein2215
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0101
Histone deacetylase 40101
Beta-secretase 10101
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0303
Cholinesterase0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0202
Lactoylglutathione lyase0202
Histone acetyltransferase p3000101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 10101
Histone deacetylase 10202
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0214
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 20011
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0303
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0303
10 kDa chaperonin 0303
Thioredoxin reductase 30101
Sortase A0101
Histone deacetylase 70101
Histone deacetylase 20202
CREB-binding protein0101
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 30202
Cysteine protease 0101
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100101
Histone deacetylase 11 0101
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 0101
Histone deacetylase 80202
Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial0101
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10404
Histone deacetylase 60101
Histone deacetylase 90101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20505
Histone deacetylase 50101
Lymphocyte antigen 960011
Beta lactamase (plasmid)0101
Chain A, STEROID DELTA-ISOMERASE0011
Steroid Delta-isomerase0011
prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype1001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50005
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0213
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0213
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor0011
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0213
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0213
Prostacyclin receptor0213
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Solute carrier family 22 member 70002
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0112
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B20003
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Chain A, Beta-lactamase8008
RGS121001
90-kda heat shock protein beta HSP90 beta, partial0101
Fumarate hydratase3003
Thrombopoietin2002
DNA polymerase III, partial1001
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial1001
nonstructural protein 14004
LANA0001
NPYLR7B0011
polyprotein3003
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a1001
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 15005
guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform 11001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a2002
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20101
kelch-like ECH-associated protein 10002
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 50101
Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta0101
High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A0101
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 0202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 33003
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41203
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21102
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha0101
Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0101
Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta0101
Cone cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha'0101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A0101
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 172002
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B0101
High affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A0101
Retinal cone rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma0101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C0101
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A0101
Exopolyphosphatase PRUNE10101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 10202
Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase1001
Dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7B0101
Phosphodiesterase 0101
cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A0101
GALC protein4004
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor2002
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10404
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0235
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0404
Histamine H1 receptor0628
Mu-type opioid receptor0629
Kappa-type opioid receptor0416
Motilin receptor0011
low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase isoform c0101
streptokinase A precursor0011
Motilin receptor0112
30S ribosomal protein S60112
30S ribosomal protein S70112
50S ribosomal protein L150112
Albumin0123
50S ribosomal protein L100112
50S ribosomal protein L110112
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120112
50S ribosomal protein L190112
50S ribosomal protein L10112
50S ribosomal protein L200112
50S ribosomal protein L270112
50S ribosomal protein L280112
50S ribosomal protein L290112
50S ribosomal protein L310112
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0112
50S ribosomal protein L320112
50S ribosomal protein L330112
50S ribosomal protein L340112
50S ribosomal protein L350112
50S ribosomal protein L360112
30S ribosomal protein S100112
30S ribosomal protein S110112
30S ribosomal protein S120112
30S ribosomal protein S130112
30S ribosomal protein S160112
30S ribosomal protein S180112
30S ribosomal protein S190112
30S ribosomal protein S200112
30S ribosomal protein S20112
30S ribosomal protein S30112
30S ribosomal protein S40112
30S ribosomal protein S50112
30S ribosomal protein S80112
30S ribosomal protein S90112
50S ribosomal protein L130112
50S ribosomal protein L140112
50S ribosomal protein L160112
50S ribosomal protein L230112
30S ribosomal protein S150112
50S ribosomal protein L170112
50S ribosomal protein L210112
50S ribosomal protein L300112
50S ribosomal protein L60112
30S ribosomal protein S140112
30S ribosomal protein S170112
30S ribosomal protein S10112
50S ribosomal protein L180112
Chitinase B0101
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase0101
50S ribosomal protein L20112
50S ribosomal protein L30112
50S ribosomal protein L240112
50S ribosomal protein L40112
50S ribosomal protein L220112
50S ribosomal protein L50112
30S ribosomal protein S210112
50S ribosomal protein L250112
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0101
50S ribosomal protein L36 20112
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 10101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10202
Serine racemase0101
Olfactory receptor 51E20011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 20101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0105
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10105
Multidrug resistance associated protein0103
Bile salt export pump0003
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
tyrosine-protein kinase Yes1001
glp-1 receptor, partial1001
Adenylate cyclase type 1 0101
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 11001
Cocaine esterase0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90102
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20101
Albumin0022
Major prion protein0011
Vitamin D-binding protein0101
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0011
Integrin beta-10101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0303
Integrin alpha-40101
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 10001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70203
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Adenylate cyclase type 30101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0303
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
Adenylate cyclase type 20101
Adenylate cyclase type 40101
Histamine H1 receptor0516
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0416
Mu-type opioid receptor05210
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C 0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0416
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
Adenylate cyclase type 80101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor1102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60102
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0303
AP-2 complex subunit sigma0101
N-acetyltransferase Eis0202
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Adenylate cyclase type 60101
Adenylate cyclase type 50101
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor0101
Genome polyprotein 0202
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20202
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Zinc finger protein 6640101
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0101
Transporter0101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0505
Protease 0202
Adenylyl cyclase 7 0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 40101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20101
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Protein (female-specific Histamine Binding Protein 2)0011
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator0001
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 30001
Carbonic anhydrase 120001
Solute carrier family 22 member 30304
Plasma kallikrein0001
Carbonic anhydrase 30001
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0202
Carbonic anhydrase 40607
Carbonic anhydrase 60102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50112
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0203
Carbonic anhydrase0607
Carbonic anhydrase 70102
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Histamine N-methyltransferase 0101
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 90203
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 150405
Carbonic anhydrase 130102
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 140001
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0203
Histamine H3 receptor0123
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Chain A, membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase-20101
ras-related protein Rab-9A1001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 0203
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 20101
Phospholipase A2, major isoenzyme0101
Procathepsin L0101
Interleukin-80101
Androgen receptor0011
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0102
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10303
Caspase-10001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0101
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 20101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 30101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30203
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20102
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 90101
P2Y purinoceptor 120101
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma0101
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 20112
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0707
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0101
Lactoperoxidase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0202
Opioid receptor, delta 1b 0101
Opioid receptor homologue0101
Acyl-CoA desaturase 10101
Translocator protein0011
Histidine decarboxylase0011
Proteinase-activated receptor 10112
Delta-type opioid receptor0102
Kappa-type opioid receptor0214
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30001
Delta-type opioid receptor0225
Mu-type opioid receptor0215
Nociceptin receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X20011
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Neutrophil elastase0101
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0101
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0101
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0101
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0101
Collagenase 30101
Sodium/iodide cotransporter0101
ClpP1001
Mcl-10101
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 10303
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 0202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-10202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-30202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-20202
Bifunctional cytochrome P450/NADPH--P450 reductase0011
Potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta0101
Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0101
Bombesin receptor subtype-30011
Cytochrome P450 2C190113
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 0101
Fatty acid synthase0606
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-20202
Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 20001
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-30202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma0202
WD repeat-containing protein 50202
Glutathione S-transferase omega-10101
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A0202
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-40202
Cytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20202
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70101
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70101
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-40101
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Leukotriene B4 receptor 10101
Nischarin0101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 20202
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0336
endonuclease IV2002
Histamine H2 receptor0101
Adenosine receptor A30404
Insulin-degrading enzyme0101
Urease subunit alpha0101
Urease subunit beta0101
NAD(+) hydrolase SARM10101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0224
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40204
Bile salt export pump0002
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0001
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20001
Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter0001
Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10001
Thymidine kinase 0102
Thymidine kinase0102
Thymidylate synthase0001
Thymidine phosphorylase0001
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic 0002
Thymidine kinase 0102
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Thymidine kinase0001
Thymidine kinase0001
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-beta0101
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Cytochrome P450 1A20011
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0227
Retinoic acid receptor beta0227
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0123
Retinoic acid receptor gamma 0227
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0123
Retinoic acid receptor beta0123
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0224
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0123
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10102
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0224
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 10213
Nuclear receptor ROR-beta0101
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B0101
Telomerase reverse transcriptase0101
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
M1-family alanyl aminopeptidase0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]