Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + S-nitrosoglutathione = NADP+ + S-(hydroxysulfenamide)glutathione. [RHEA:63500]
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (NADPH) activity is an enzymatic reaction that catalyzes the reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO). This reaction is crucial for regulating cellular levels of NO, a highly reactive signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes, including vasodilation, neurotransmission, and immune response. GSNO, a key component of the S-nitrosylation pathway, plays a role in modulating protein function through reversible covalent modification. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) specifically targets GSNO, removing the NO group and thereby controlling the extent of S-nitrosylation. The enzyme utilizes NADPH as a reducing cofactor, transferring electrons to GSNO and facilitating the release of NO. The activity of GSNOR is tightly regulated by cellular factors like redox state and NO availability, ensuring precise control over NO levels. This delicate balance is crucial for maintaining normal cell function and preventing oxidative stress and nitrosative stress. The molecular function of GSNOR is thus essential for regulating NO signaling and ensuring cellular homeostasis.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 | [no definition available] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 | A carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 | An aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P14550] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| zopolrestat | zopolrestat: structure given in first source | ||
| valproic acid | valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| haloperidol | haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| triclosan | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic | |
| fr 74366 | |||
| daunorubicin | anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS. | aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| tolrestat | tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source | naphthalenes | EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor |
| octyl gallate | gallate ester | food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite | |
| lidorestat | lidorestat: might prove useful in treating chronic diabetic complications; structure in first source | ||
| fidarestat | fidarestat: structure given in first source | ||
| minalrestat | minalrestat: a vasoactive agent | isoquinolines | |
| sorbinil | sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring. sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor | azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound | antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor |
| naringenin | (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. | (2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin | expectorant; plant metabolite |
| epalrestat | epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy. | monocarboxylic acid; thiazolidines | EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor |
| idd 594 | Idd 594: structure in first source | ||
| biochanin a | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| chrysin | chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. | 7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| caffeic acid phenethyl ester | phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component. | alkyl caffeate ester | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| wedelolactone | wedelolactone : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3. wedelolactone: antihepatotoxic coumestan from Eclipta prostrata and Wedelia calendulacea (both Asteraceae); structure given in first source | aromatic ether; coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite |
| monorden | monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II | cyclic ketone; enone; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antifungal agent; metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |