Target type: molecularfunction
Binding to beta-2-microglobulin. [GOC:mah]
Beta-2-microglobulin (β2m) is a small protein that is essential for the assembly and stability of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. MHC class I molecules are expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells and present peptides derived from intracellular proteins to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). CTLs recognize these peptides in the context of MHC class I and kill cells that express foreign or abnormal peptides, thus contributing to the immune surveillance against viral infections and cancer.
β2m binds to the MHC class I heavy chain in the endoplasmic reticulum, forming a heterodimer that is transported to the cell surface. The interaction between β2m and the MHC class I heavy chain is crucial for the proper folding and assembly of the MHC class I molecule. β2m contributes to the formation of the peptide-binding groove, which is the site where the MHC class I molecule binds to the peptide antigen. Without β2m, the MHC class I molecule would not be able to fold properly and would not be able to present peptides to CTLs.
In addition to its role in MHC class I assembly, β2m has also been implicated in other cellular processes. For example, β2m has been shown to interact with the cell surface receptor CD44, which is involved in cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, β2m can be released from cells and circulate in the blood. Elevated levels of β2m in the blood are often associated with various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and kidney disease.
The molecular function of β2m binding to the MHC class I heavy chain is therefore essential for the proper function of the immune system. This interaction ensures the correct folding and stability of the MHC class I molecule, allowing it to present peptides to CTLs and contribute to the immune surveillance against pathogens and cancer cells.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain | An MHC class I histocompatibility antigen A alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| astemizole | astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects. | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| haloperidol | haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| spiperone | spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively. Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA. | aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| raloxifene hydrochloride | raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride. Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue. | hydrochloride | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| trazodone hydrochloride | trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS. | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| doxazosin mesylate | Cardura: Trade name in United States. | methanesulfonate salt | geroprotector |
| vatalanib | monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; pyridines; secondary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist | |
| mart-1 antigen | MART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells. |