| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
acetoin
[no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | methyl ketone;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | metabolite |
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant |
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 6.05 | 22 | 0 | carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound | biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent |
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. | 2 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent |
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | aldehyde;
one-carbon compound | allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 3.78 | 2 | 1 | alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream. | 4.62 | 6 | 1 | gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide | analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent |
1-octanol
1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | octanol;
primary alcohol | antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite;
fuel additive;
kairomone;
plant metabolite |
4-cresol
4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | cresol | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
uremic toxin |
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound | anaesthetic |
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist |
halothane
[no description available] | 3.85 | 12 | 0 | haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 7.3 | 33 | 1 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
lithium hydroxide
lithium hydroxide: used for tryptophan determinations in proteins & foods; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-OH | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | insecticide |
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | phenols | anticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative |
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 11.27 | 54 | 10 | ether;
organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor |
n-hexanal
[no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde | human urinary metabolite |
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 6.92 | 1 | 0 | chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant |
cyclopropane
cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkane;
cyclopropanes | inhalation anaesthetic |
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 4 | 4 | 0 | benzenes;
piperidines | anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug |
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
gamma-terpinene
gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexadiene;
monoterpene | antioxidant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component |
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
vinyl ether
vinyl ether: major descriptor (65-85); on-line search VINYL COMPOUNDS (66-85); Index Medicus search VINYL ETHER (65-85) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ether | |
thiazoles
[no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene | |
silicon carbide
silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organosilicon compound | |
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye |
c.i. 42510
Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | | |
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | | |
potassium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH | 8.1 | 5 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 14.48 | 241 | 15 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
zinc oxide
Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | zinc molecular entity | |
hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond. | 5.11 | 5 | 2 | hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
ethyl violet
ethyl violet: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethyl violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of ethyl violet cation. Used for inclusion in mixed dye solutions of the iron resorcin fuchsin type for demonstrating elastic fibres. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | organic chloride salt | fluorochrome;
histological dye |
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate: structure in first source | 3.47 | 1 | 1 | | |
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom | |
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom | |
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 3.47 | 7 | 0 | copper group element atom;
elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | copper group element atom;
elemental gold | |
holmium
Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom | |
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
calcium sulfate
Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | calcium salt;
inorganic calcium salt | |
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity | bleaching agent |
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | titanium oxides | food colouring |
stannic oxide
tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | tin oxide | |
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia. | 5.29 | 17 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt | colorimetric reagent;
dye |
fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether
fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether: structure CF2=C(CF3)OCH2F; a vinyl ether | 7.66 | 22 | 8 | organofluorine compound | |
baralyme
Baralyme: barium hydroxide mixt. with calcium hydroxide & potassium hydroxide | 5.39 | 14 | 1 | | |
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | | |
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface. | 4.88 | 11 | 0 | nitrogen oxide | |
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom | neurotoxin |
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium | |
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom | |
indium
Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom | |
zeolites
[no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | | |
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories. | 5.42 | 7 | 2 | | |
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | glycoside | |
nepheline
nepheline: sodium aluminum silicate | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
ethyl cellulose
[no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
brine
brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | | |
phthalocyanine
phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | phthalocyanines;
tetrapyrrole fundamental parent | |
feldspar
feldspar: structure | 3.81 | 2 | 1 | | |