formocresol: preferred agent for performing pulpotomies in primary teeth [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 156614093 |
| MeSH ID | M0097783 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| formocresol |
| methylphenol mixt. with formaldehyde |
| formaldehyde, mixt. with methylphenol |
| 37203-87-5 |
| ccris 9337 |
Formocresol and ZOE RCT is a viable treatment for necrotic primary molars. It yielded very high clinical and acceptable radiographic success rates.
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|---|
| "Formocresol (FC) is an effective intracanal disinfectant used in endodontic procedures." | ( A tunnel shape defect on maxillary bone after accidental injection of formocresol instead of anesthetic solution. Aras, MH; Demirkol, M; Ege, B; Mustafa, R, 2014) |
| "This formocresol and ZOE RCT is a viable treatment for necrotic primary molars and yielded very high clinical and acceptable radiographic success rates." | ( A retrospective study of root canal therapy in non-vital primary molars. Andrews, PB; Sigal, MJ; Stallaert, KM; Titley, KC, 2016) |
Formocresol has been a popular pulpotomy medicament in the primary dentition and is still the most universally taught pulp treatment for primary teeth. It has been challenged as a potential carcinogen and mutagen, leading to consideration of ferric sulfate.
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|---|
| "Formocresol has been a popular pulpotomy medicament in the primary dentition and is still the most universally taught pulp treatment for primary teeth." | ( Vital pulp therapy with new materials for primary teeth: new directions and treatment perspectives. Fuks, AB, 2008) |
| "Formocresol has been a popular pulpotomy medicament in the primary dentition and is still the most universally taught pulp treatment for primary teeth." | ( Vital pulp therapy with new materials for primary teeth: new directions and Treatment perspectives. Fuks, AB, ) |
| "Formocresol has been shown to be therapeutically outdated for decades." | ( The obsolescence of formocresol. Lewis, B, 2009) |
| "Formocresol has been shown to be therapeutically outdated for decades." | ( The obsolescence of formocresol. Lewis, B, 2010) |
| "Formocresol has been challenged as a potential carcinogen and mutagen, leading to consideration of ferric sulfate." | ( Evidence-based assessment: evaluation of the formocresol versus ferric sulfate primary molar pulpotomy. Charles, R; Hughes, A; Kubo, K; Loh, A; Messer, LB; O'Hoy, P; Tran, X, ) |
| "Formocresol has been and continues to be the most commonly used intrapulpal medicament despite its known ability to escape the microcirculation of the pulp." | ( Current trends in primary tooth pulp therapy. Haney, KL, 2007) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|---|
| "Formocresol did not produce detectable DNA damage as evaluated by comet assay. " | ( Evaluation of mutagenic effects of formocresol: detection of DNA-protein cross-links and micronucleus in mouse bone marrow. Cavalcanti, BC; Cerqueira, Ede M; de Moraes, MO; Lotufo, LV; Pessoa, C; Ramos, ME, 2008) |
Formaldehyde, a primary component in formocresol, is a hazardous substance. Formaldehyde is considered a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Health Canada, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry in the U.S.
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|---|
| "This research helps to bring scientific evidence of the safe use of formocresol in deciduous pulpotomy treatments." | ( Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of formocresol application in vital pulp therapy of primary teeth: a clinical study and meta-analysis. da Silva Calixto, M; de Alencar Filho, AV; Dos Santos Junior, VE; Heimer, MV; Rosenblatt, A; Santos, N, 2018) |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 28 (13.27) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 25 (11.85) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 91 (43.13) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 60 (28.44) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 7 (3.32) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 53 (19.06%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 39 (14.03%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 10 (3.60%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 176 (63.31%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guaiacols | disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 6.53 | 20 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 3.46 | 1 | 1 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| phenol [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups. | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound | bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor |
| camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 6.94 | 9 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 3.36 | 2 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5. | 9.39 | 12 | 2 | dialdehyde | cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| methyl methanesulfonate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 3.34 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| 4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom. | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | monochlorophenol | |
| 4-phenolsulfonic acid 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is phenol substituted by a sulfo group at C-4. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid | |
| potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | potassium salt | expectorant; radical scavenger |
| prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic. | 3.45 | 1 | 1 | amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide | anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6. | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | tetrachlorophenol | xenobiotic metabolite |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| iodoform [no description available] | 3.84 | 2 | 1 | iodomethanes | |
| trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections. | 5.43 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
| acrolein [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | enal | herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin |
| framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
| dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzododecinium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of N-benzyl-N-methyldodecan-1-amine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol | histological dye; plant metabolite |
| hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 7.6 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator |
| allyl sulfide allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | organic sulfide | |
| zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | zinc molecular entity | |
| diallyl disulfide diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil. diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications. | 3.82 | 2 | 1 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 2 | 1 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom | |
| ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2. | 14.77 | 41 | 11 | iron molecular entity; metal sulfate | astringent; catalyst; mordant |
| tricalcium silicate tricalcium silicate: might be used as injectable bioactive cement | 7.05 | 4 | 1 | ||
| carticaine Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE. | 3.45 | 1 | 1 | thiophenecarboxylic acid | |
| thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt | colorimetric reagent; dye |
| cresatin [no description available] | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
| camphorated parachlorophenol camphorated parachlorophenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; Walkhoff solution is a 3% solution of camphorated parachlorophenol | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| c & b metabond Super-bond: an adhesive resin composed of 4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic anhydride (4-META), methylmethacrylates (MMA) and tri-n-butylborane (TBB) | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| camphorated phenol [no description available] | 3.56 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide |
| cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes | antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge. | 4.51 | 5 | 1 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent |
| zeolites [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chitosan [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach. | 8.43 | 9 | 5 | inorganic sodium salt | bleaching agent; disinfectant |
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5. | 2.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective. | 5.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ledermix Ledermix: contains above two cpds | 5.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caries, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 14.22 | 36 | 20 |
| Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. | 0 | 14.22 | 36 | 20 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 3.89 | 2 | 1 |
| Tooth Resorption Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676) | 0 | 5.33 | 2 | 2 |
| Periapical Diseases Diseases of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE surrounding the root of the tooth, which is distinguished from DENTAL PULP DISEASES inside the TOOTH ROOT. | 0 | 6.64 | 5 | 4 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 3.89 | 2 | 1 |
| Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. | 0 | 3.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 3.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 5.06 | 3 | 3 |
| Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 9.83 | 16 | 11 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 5.06 | 3 | 3 |
| Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries. | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Inflammation, Endodontic [description not available] | 0 | 7.41 | 10 | 1 |
| Pulpitis Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis. | 0 | 7.41 | 10 | 1 |
| Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Mouth Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Oral Ulcer A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842) | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Autolysis, Dental Pulp [description not available] | 0 | 4.62 | 10 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Active Hyperemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Anomalous Dysplasia of Dentin [description not available] | 0 | 9.72 | 10 | 9 |
| Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous). | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Exposure, Dental Pulp [description not available] | 0 | 15.08 | 37 | 24 |
| Dental Pulp Exposure The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment. | 0 | 15.08 | 37 | 24 |
| Teeth, Devitalized [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 7 | 0 |
| Periodontitis, Acute Nonsuppurative [description not available] | 0 | 8.14 | 9 | 4 |
| Dental Fistula An abnormal passage in the oral cavity on the gingiva. | 0 | 7.47 | 4 | 4 |
| Periapical Periodontitis Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS. | 0 | 13.14 | 9 | 4 |
| Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 3.82 | 2 | 0 |
| Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 3.82 | 2 | 0 |
| Dental Pulp Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.94 | 5 | 0 |
| Dental Pulp Diseases Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root. | 0 | 4.94 | 5 | 0 |
| Dentin, Secondary Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation. | 0 | 10.64 | 20 | 11 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 1 | 1 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 3.44 | 1 | 1 |
| Craniofacial Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Odontalgia [description not available] | 0 | 4.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Oral Fistula An abnormal passage within the mouth communicating between two or more anatomical structures. | 0 | 4.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Toothache Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth. | 0 | 4.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Epulides [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Alveolalgia [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Gingival Diseases Diseases involving the GINGIVA. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Tooth Mobility Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Furcation Defects Conditions in which a bifurcation or trifurcation of the molar tooth root becomes denuded as a result of periodontal disease. It may be followed by tooth mobility, temperature sensitivity, pain, and alveolar bone resorption. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Burns, Electric Burns produced by contact with electric current or from a sudden discharge of electricity. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Polyploid [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Teeth, Unerupted [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Dentigerous Cyst Most common follicular odontogenic cyst. Occurs in relation to a partially erupted or unerupted tooth with at least the crown of the tooth to which the cyst is attached protruding into the cystic cavity. May give rise to an ameloblastoma and, in rare instances, undergo malignant transformation. | 0 | 7.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Tooth Loss The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Periapical Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Smear Layer Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Pus [description not available] | 0 | 9.62 | 9 | 9 |
| Abscess, Periapical [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |