Target type: cellularcomponent
An integrin complex that comprises one alpha9 subunit and one beta1 subunit. [PMID:12297042]
The integrin alpha9-beta1 complex is a transmembrane receptor that plays a crucial role in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. It is a heterodimer composed of two subunits: alpha9 and beta1. The alpha9 subunit is responsible for binding to specific ligands, while the beta1 subunit interacts with intracellular signaling molecules.
**Cellular Component:**
The integrin alpha9-beta1 complex is primarily located at the **plasma membrane**, where it interacts with the extracellular matrix (ECM). The complex is also found in **focal adhesions**, which are specialized structures that anchor cells to the ECM.
**Extracellular Domain:**
The extracellular domain of the alpha9-beta1 complex consists of a series of domains that are involved in ligand binding. The alpha9 subunit contains a **beta-propeller domain** and a **thigh domain**, which are responsible for recognizing and binding to the ECM ligand **tenascin-C**. The beta1 subunit contains a **hybrid domain** and a **platelet-type integrin domain**, which are involved in dimerization with the alpha9 subunit and interactions with other ECM proteins.
**Transmembrane Domain:**
The transmembrane domain of the alpha9-beta1 complex spans the plasma membrane and connects the extracellular and intracellular domains. It is composed of hydrophobic amino acid residues that allow the complex to embed within the lipid bilayer.
**Intracellular Domain:**
The intracellular domain of the alpha9-beta1 complex interacts with a variety of intracellular signaling molecules. This domain contains a **short cytoplasmic tail** that binds to adaptor proteins, such as **talin** and **kindlin**. These adaptor proteins link the integrin complex to the cytoskeleton, providing mechanical stability and enabling signal transduction.
**Functional Roles:**
The integrin alpha9-beta1 complex plays a critical role in a variety of cellular processes, including:
- **Cell adhesion:** The complex mediates cell adhesion to the ECM by binding to tenascin-C and other ECM proteins.
- **Cell migration:** The complex facilitates cell migration by providing traction points for cells to move across the ECM.
- **Signaling:** The complex activates intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and survival.
**Disease Relevance:**
The integrin alpha9-beta1 complex has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and developmental disorders. Dysregulation of this complex can lead to abnormal cell adhesion, migration, and signaling, contributing to disease pathogenesis.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Integrin beta-1 | An integrin beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P05556] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
haloperidol | haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
1,3-ditolylguanidine | 1,3-ditolylguanidine: structure given in first source; a selective ligand for the sigma binding sites in the brain | toluenes | |
tirofiban | tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group. Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. | L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist |
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid | arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system | oligopeptide | |
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine | arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets | ||
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine | glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: synthetic peptide from fibronectins; inhibits experimental metastasis of murine melanoma cells | ||
d-arg-gly-asp-trp | arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-tryptophan: a synthetic RGD-containing peptide | ||
l 738167 | L 738167: structure in first source | ||
cilengitide | Cilengitide: an alphaVbeta3 integrin antagonist that paralyzes cancer cells | oligopeptide | |
l 734217 | L 734217: fibrinogen receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | ||
cyclopamine | piperidines | glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor | |
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-phenylalanine | |||
cyclic(arg-gly-asp-d-phe-val) | |||
mk-0429 | |||
mocetinostat | mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
tr 14035 | N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-(2',6'-bismethoxyphenyl)phenylalanine: TR-14035 is the (L)-isomer; an antagonist of both alpha4beta1 and beta7 integrins; structure in first source | ||
bio 1211 | BIO 1211: integrin alpha4beta1 inhibitor; structure in first source |