Compounds > pachymic acid
Page last updated: 2024-12-11

pachymic acid

Description

pachymic acid: inhibits phospholipase A2; isolated from Poria cocos; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5484385
CHEMBL ID468034
CHEBI ID80885
MeSH IDM0268320

Synonyms (26)

Synonym
nsc-244427
pachymic acid
29070-92-6
C17044
CHEMBL468034 ,
chebi:80885 ,
bdbm50292363
ccris 7792
lanost-8-en-21-oic acid, 3-(acetyloxy)-16-hydroxy-24-methylene-, (3beta,16alpha)-
nsc 244427
x2fck16qah ,
unii-x2fck16qah
(3b,16a)-3-(acetyloxy)-16-hydroxy-24-methylenelanost-8-en-21-oic acid
CS-5368
HY-N0371
AC-33955
Q-100369
pachymic-acid
lanost-8-en-21-oic acid, 3-(acetyloxy)-16-hydroxy-24-methylene-, (3.beta.,16.alpha.)-
lanost-8-en-21-oic acid, 3.beta.,16.alpha.-dihydroxy-24-methylene-, 3-acetate
3-o-acetyltumulosic acid
eburica-8,24(28)-dien-21-oic acid, 3.beta.,16.alpha.-dihydroxy-, 3-acetate
AKOS030526129
mfcd00238657
A912692
BS-42182

Research Excerpts

Overview

Pachymic acid (PA) is a lanostane-type triterpenoid derived from Poria cocos mushroom. It possesses various biological effects such as anti-cancer, antiinflammatory and anti-metastasis effects.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Pachymic acid (PA) is a lanolin triterpene compound from"( Pachymic acid inhibits inflammation and cell apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model with pneumonia by regulating NF-κB and MAPK pathways.
Gui, Y; Liu, R; Luo, J; Sun, L, 2021)		2.79
"Pachymic acid (PA) is an active ingredient found in Poria cocos."( Pachymic acid suppresses the inflammatory response of chondrocytes and alleviates the progression of osteoarthritis via regulating the Sirtuin 6/NF-κB signal axis.
Wu, L; Wu, Y; Xu, C; Ying, J; Zhu, X, 2023)		3.07
"Pachymic acid (PA) is a lanostane type triterpenoid isolated from Poria cocos, which possesses an anti-tumor effect in breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, and bladder cancer cells. "( The anti-tumor effect of pachymic acid on osteosarcoma cells by inducing PTEN and Caspase 3/7-dependent apoptosis.
Dong, Q; Guo, G; Hu, H; Lu, J; Wen, H; Wu, Y; Wu, Z; Yang, G, 2018)		2.23
"Pachymic acid (PA) is a purified triterpene extracted from medicinal fungus Poria cocos. "( Pachymic acid inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo by targeting ER stress.
Cheng, S; Eliaz, I; McClintick, JN; Sandusky, GE; Sliva, D; Swanson, K, 2015)		3.3
"Pachymic acid (PA) is a lanostane-type triterpenoid derived from Poria cocos mushroom that possess various biological effects such as anti-cancer, antiinflammatory and anti-metastasis effects. "( Pachymic Acid Induces Apoptosis of EJ Bladder Cancer Cells by DR5 Up-Regulation, ROS Generation, Modulation of Bcl-2 and IAP Family Members.
Baek, JY; Choi, YH; Go, SI; Jeong, JW; Kim, GS; Kim, GY; Kim, HJ; Kwon, TK; Lee, JD; Lee, SJ; Lee, WS; Nagappan, A; Park, C; Ryu, CH; Shin, SC, 2015)		3.3
"Pachymic acid (PA) is a bioactive lanostrane-type triterpenoid from Poria cocos."( Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Pachymic Acid by LC-MS/MS.
Han, L; Lv, WS; Wang, FY, 2015)		1.4
"Pachymic acid (PA) is a natural triterpenoid known to inhibit the phospholipase A2 (PLA(2)) family of arachidonic acid (AA)-producing enzymes. "( Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by pachymic acid from Poria cocos.
Gapter, L; Glinski, J; Ng, KY; Wang, Z, 2005)		2.02

Effects

Pachymic acid has various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumor.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Pachymic acid has various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumor. "( Antitumor activity of pachymic acid in cervical cancer through inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activating the AMPK pathway.
Ji, J; Tian, S; Wang, Y; Yang, T; Zhao, J, 2022)		2.48
"Pachymic acid (PA) has various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer."( Pachymic acid protects hepatic cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury by activating sirtuin 1 to inhibit HMGB1 acetylation and inflammatory signaling.
Liu, Z; Xu, Z; Xue, C; Ye, Q; Zeng, C, )		2.3

Actions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Pachymic acid (PA) plays a neuroprotective role during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. "( Pachymic acid prevents neuronal cell damage induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation via miR‑155/NRF2/HO‑1 axis.
Liu, B; Mei, X; Mo, X; Wu, L; Zhai, Y; Zou, M, 2022)		3.61

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Pachymic acid could be a viable therapeutic agent to overcome the potential adverse effects associated with root canal sealers."( A Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of the Addition of Pachymic Acid on the Cytotoxicity of 4 Different Root Canal Sealers-An In Vitro Study.
Arun, S; Mahalaxmi, S; Rajkumar, K; Sampath, V, 2017)		1.61

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Furthermore, a randomized, open-label, three-arm, three-period, crossover study using 21 subjects was conducted to determine the amounts of exposure and pharmacokinetic parameters of nine ingredients derived from rikkunshito (atractylodin, atractylodin carboxylic acid, pachymic acid, 3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone, naringenin, nobiletin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid) after oral administration of rikkunshito at three different doses (2."( Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Active Ingredients and Its Metabolites Derived from Rikkunshito, a Ghrelin Enhancer, in Healthy Japanese Volunteers: A Cross-Over, Randomized Study.
Aoki, K; Fukutake, M; Hanazaki, K; Hattori, T; Inui, A; Kase, Y; Kitagawa, H; Maemura, K; Matsumoto, T; Munekage, M; Sadakane, C; Uezono, Y; Watanabe, J, 2015)		0.6

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"A simple, rapid and reliable microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of the seven bioactive constituents in Guizhi Fuling capsule (GFC), namely gallic acid, amygdalin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, paeonol, cinnamic acid and pachymic acid, respectively."( Simultaneous determination of seven bioactive components in Guizhi Fuling capsule by microwave-assisted extraction combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Sui, Y; Wang, ZZ; Xiao, W; Xiong, ZL; Zhao, LS; Zhao, YT, 2016)		0.61

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups: a sham group, a CLP group, and three PA-treated groups, which received intraperitoneal injection of PA at the dosage of 5, 20 and 50 mg/kg."( Pachymic acid ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing inflammation and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats.
Cai, ZY; Sheng, ZX; Yao, H, 2017)		1.9
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
triterpenoidAny terpenoid derived from a triterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C30 skeleton of the parent triterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (7)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID355103Inhibition of snake venom phospholipase A2 assessed as oxygen consumption for 3 mins1996Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 59, Issue:10
Two fungal lanostane derivatives as phospholipase A2 inhibitors.
AID288566Inhibition of TPA-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells at 1000 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA relative to control2007Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 70, Issue:6
Triterpene acids from Poria cocos and their anti-tumor-promoting effects.
AID288567Inhibition of TPA-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells at 500 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA relative to control2007Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 70, Issue:6
Triterpene acids from Poria cocos and their anti-tumor-promoting effects.
AID288569Inhibition of TPA-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells at 10 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA relative to control2007Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 70, Issue:6
Triterpene acids from Poria cocos and their anti-tumor-promoting effects.
AID288568Inhibition of TPA-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells at 100 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA relative to control2007Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 70, Issue:6
Triterpene acids from Poria cocos and their anti-tumor-promoting effects.
AID288570Cell viability of Raji cells2007Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 70, Issue:6
Triterpene acids from Poria cocos and their anti-tumor-promoting effects.
AID355104Inhibition of snake venom phospholipase A2 at 3.700 mM assessed as oxygen consumption for 3 mins1996Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 59, Issue:10
Two fungal lanostane derivatives as phospholipase A2 inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (61)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's1 (1.64)18.2507
2000's8 (13.11)29.6817
2010's33 (54.10)24.3611
2020's19 (31.15)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 27.02

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index27.02 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.17 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.40 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index31.58 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (27.02)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (1.59%)5.53%
Reviews2 (3.17%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other60 (95.24%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		1.9910acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.3110coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.1310trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.1710alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator		2.0110monoazo compound
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		2.8330aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		2.2510guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.251017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.1510chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
acrolein
[no description available]		2.3110enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.2110hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		3.5113'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.3110dialdehydebiomarker
paeonol
paeonol: structure		2.1310methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		2.1110acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.1110pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		2.1110organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.1310D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
eburicoic acid
eburicoic acid: structure		2.0310
dehydrotumulosic acid
dehydrotumulosic acid: inhibits phospholipase A2; isolated from Poria cocos; structure in first source		2.9440
lanosterol
[no description available]		3.497014alpha-methyl steroid;
3beta-sterol;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		2.1110bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid
cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid		2.5920cinnamic acidplant metabolite
ergosterol
[no description available]		2.15103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		7.0510icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
moronic acid
moronic acid: from root bark extract of Ozoroa mucronata; RN & N1 from 9th CI. moronic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-18-ene substituted at position 3 by an oxo group and position 28 by a carboxy group.		7.2110pentacyclic triterpenoidanti-HIV agent;
anti-HSV-1 agent;
metabolite
alpha-asarone
asarone: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #847. asarone : A phenylpropanoid that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4 and a propen-1-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from Acorus.. alpha-asarone : The trans-isomer of asarone.		2.4110asaroneanticonvulsant;
GABA modulator
cinnamaldehyde
3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.		2.31103-phenylprop-2-enal;
cinnamaldehydes		antifungal agent;
EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
sensitiser;
vasodilator agent
isoliquiritigenin
[no description available]		3.511chalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
2-methoxycinnamaldehyde
2-methoxycinnamaldehyde: inhibits growth & mycotoxin production in fungi; structure		2.3110cinnamaldehydes
amygdalin
[no description available]		2.1310
bemesetron
[no description available]		2.0510
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.0310carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
baicalein
[no description available]		2.3110trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
cinnamyl alcohol
cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).		2.3110cinnamyl alcoholplant metabolite
schisantherin b
schisantherin B: lignan isolated from fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera; RN given refers to schisanterin B and gomisin B		2.4110tannin
ursodoxicoltaurine
tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.		2.1110bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
dehydroeburicoic acid
dehydroeburicoic acid: structure in first source		3.0240bile acid
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.1110
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		2.4110oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
albiflorin
albiflorin: glucoside in peony roots. albiflorin : A monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.		2.1310benzoate ester;
beta-D-glucoside;
bridged compound;
gamma-lactone;
monoterpene glycoside;
secondary alcohol		neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.1510monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.3110benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.4110
peoniflorin
peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa		2.1310
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		04.2650
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.3110
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		04.2650
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		07.3110
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.4110
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.5870
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.4110
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.3110
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		02.3110
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		02.3110
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		02.3110
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		07.3110
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		07.4110
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		02.4110
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.4110
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.4110
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.6620
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		07.7220
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.6620
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.7220
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		02.4110
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.4110
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		07.4110
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		02.4110
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.610
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.610
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		02.610
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		07.610
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		02.610
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		03.5210
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		08.5210
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.6920
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.6920
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		07.2510
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.6120
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		07.6120
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		02.3110
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		02.3110
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		02.3110
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		07.3110
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.2310
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.2310
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.5520
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		07.5520
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.1510
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		07.1510
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.1710
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		07.1710
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.5720
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.5720
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		02.0810
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.250
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.250
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.1110
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.4920
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.1110
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		07.1110
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.1110
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.1110
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.0510
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.0510
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.0510
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.0510
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.4720
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.4720
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.0110
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.0110
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.0210
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.0210
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