integrin alpha10-beta1 complex

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha10 subunit and one beta1 subunit. [PMID:12297042]

The integrin alpha10-beta1 complex is a transmembrane protein heterodimer, a type of cell adhesion molecule, that mediates cell-matrix interactions. This complex is primarily found in epithelial cells, particularly those lining the basement membrane of various tissues. It plays a crucial role in regulating cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation during development and tissue regeneration.

The alpha10 and beta1 subunits each contain a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain of alpha10 subunit is responsible for binding to specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, mainly collagen IV, while the beta1 subunit contributes to cell-cell interactions.

The alpha10-beta1 complex resides within the plasma membrane and is associated with various intracellular proteins that regulate its activity. These include:

* **Focal adhesion kinase (FAK):** A key signaling molecule that activates downstream pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, and migration.
* **Talin:** A protein that links the integrin cytoplasmic tail to the actin cytoskeleton, facilitating cell adhesion and migration.
* **Kindlin:** A protein that enhances integrin binding to ECM proteins and promotes integrin activation.
* **Vinculin:** A protein that strengthens the connection between integrins and the actin cytoskeleton, contributing to cell adhesion stability.

The alpha10-beta1 complex plays an important role in various cellular processes, including:

* **Basement membrane formation:** Integrin alpha10-beta1 is critical for assembling and maintaining the integrity of basement membranes, which serve as structural and regulatory barriers between epithelial cells and underlying tissues.
* **Cell migration:** This complex facilitates cell migration during development and tissue repair, enabling cells to move along ECM gradients.
* **Cell proliferation:** By modulating signaling pathways, alpha10-beta1 influences cell growth and proliferation.
* **Cell differentiation:** This complex contributes to the specialization of epithelial cells into distinct cell types.

Dysregulation of the alpha10-beta1 complex has been linked to various pathological conditions, including cancer progression, wound healing complications, and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the structure and function of this complex is crucial for developing targeted therapies for these conditions.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (17)