Target type: biologicalprocess
The clathrin-mediated endocytosis of an extracellular exosome. [PMID:24951588]
Clathrin-dependent extracellular exosome endocytosis is a complex process involving the internalization of exosomes, small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells, into recipient cells through a mechanism mediated by clathrin-coated pits. This process begins with the interaction of exosomes with the plasma membrane of the recipient cell. This interaction can be driven by specific receptors present on the exosomes and the recipient cell, or through non-specific interactions involving electrostatic forces or lipid-lipid interactions. Once the exosome binds to the plasma membrane, it initiates the formation of a clathrin-coated pit. Clathrin, a protein that forms a cage-like structure, assembles around the site of exosome binding, deforming the membrane inward. This deformation leads to the formation of a small vesicle, known as a clathrin-coated vesicle, that encapsulates the exosome. The formation of the clathrin-coated vesicle is facilitated by other proteins, including adaptor proteins, which link clathrin to the membrane, and dynamin, which constricts the neck of the forming vesicle, eventually pinching it off from the plasma membrane. After the vesicle detaches, it loses its clathrin coat and fuses with early endosomes, a compartment within the cell responsible for sorting and delivering internalized materials. The fusion of the exosome-containing vesicle with the early endosome allows the exosome to be delivered to its final destination within the recipient cell, where it can release its cargo, which may include proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids, ultimately influencing the recipient cell's function.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
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Integrin alpha-4 | An integrin alpha-4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P13612] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
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haloperidol | haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
1,3-ditolylguanidine | 1,3-ditolylguanidine: structure given in first source; a selective ligand for the sigma binding sites in the brain | toluenes | |
cyclopamine | piperidines | glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor | |
mocetinostat | mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
tr 14035 | N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-(2',6'-bismethoxyphenyl)phenylalanine: TR-14035 is the (L)-isomer; an antagonist of both alpha4beta1 and beta7 integrins; structure in first source | ||
bio 1211 | BIO 1211: integrin alpha4beta1 inhibitor; structure in first source |