Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Echo Reaction

Involuntary (parrot-like), meaningless repetition of a recently heard word, phrase, or song. This condition may be associated with transcortical APHASIA; SCHIZOPHRENIA; or other disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p485)

Synonyms(4)

Synonym
Echo Speech
Echolalia
Echophrasia
Echo Reaction

Research Excerpts

Context

ExcerptReference
"Echolalia has been described in patients with a number of neuropsychiatric illnesses including autism and Tourette's syndrome."( Enzenauer, R; Murphy, FT; Zapor, M, 2001)

Research

Studies (28)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199019 (67.86)23.3326
1990's5 (17.86)12.5806
2000's4 (14.29)18.1394
2010's0 (0.00)28.8240
2020's0 (0.00)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
uric acid0medium11
homovanillic acid0low10
hydroxyindoleacetic acid0low10
amantadine0low10
amobarbital0low10
clonazepam0low10
diazepam0low20
fenfluramine0low20
haloperidol0low30
lorazepam0low20
perphenazine0low10
thioridazine0low10
zolpidem0low10
lysergic acid diethylamide0low10
idoxuridine0low10
levodopa0low10
phencyclidine0low10
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol0low10
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate0low30
silver0low10
bromocriptine0low10
sertraline0low10
4-iodoamphetamine0low10
technetium tc 99m exametazime0low10
exudates0low10
allopurinol0medium11
ego0low50

Protein Targets (491)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
interleukin 81001
TDP1 protein130013
AR protein120012
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor6006
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)4004
progesterone receptor6006
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]9009
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha9009
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha130013
IDH15005
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2110011
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 12002
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 32002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 28008
ras-related protein Rab-9A4004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 15005
geminin8008
survival motor neuron protein isoform d2002
lamin isoform A-delta107007
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30505
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40505
Polyphenol oxidase 20102
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit3003
Bile salt export pump0707
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase0001
Cellular tumor antigen p534004
Glutamate receptor 23003
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase [Includes: Xanthine dehydrogenase 0101
Adenosine receptor A2a0011
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0202
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma0101
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0214
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0011
TAR DNA-binding protein 433003
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10404
Shiga toxin subunit A0101
Histamine H3 receptor0101
acetylcholinesterase5005
thioredoxin reductase7007
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma5005
NFKB1 protein, partial5005
GLI family zinc finger 37007
signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 48008
EWS/FLI fusion protein3003
putative alpha-glucosidase1001
heat shock protein beta-12002
peripheral myelin protein 226006
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 12002
Solute carrier family 22 member 20102
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0202
Matrix protein 20112
Matrix protein 20123
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0405
Spike glycoprotein4004
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0405
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0405
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0406
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10303
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0303
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0303
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0405
Solute carrier family 22 member 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0405
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0405
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase6006
farnesoid X nuclear receptor4004
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE5005
Genome polyprotein 0112
dopamine D1 receptor2002
ATAD5 protein, partial4004
Fumarate hydratase8008
GLS protein8008
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 49009
pregnane X nuclear receptor7007
G4004
polyprotein8008
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma3003
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a4004
D(1A) dopamine receptor6006
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA4004
chromobox protein homolog 17007
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 15005
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 12002
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40808
Interferon beta6006
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 4004
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10406
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0303
Cytochrome P450 3A40304
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0404
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0808
D(2) dopamine receptor08212
Androgen receptor0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0808
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0808
D0505
D(3) dopamine receptor0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A09110
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0303
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
D(1A) dopamine receptor0607
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0303
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0303
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0606
D(1B) dopamine receptor0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A09211
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C09110
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0505
D(4) dopamine receptor0505
D(3) dopamine receptor07110
Alpha-synuclein0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0909
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60606
D(2) dopamine receptor0617
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 14004
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 57007
Ataxin-29009
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial4004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi36110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10303
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30303
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10538
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-136110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10505
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta36110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20527
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-236110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-536110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-336110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-136110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-236110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-436110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30516
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-336110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-636110
Translocator protein0202
Translocator protein0303
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0202
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50538
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30527
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20527
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20527
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40505
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-136110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-336110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-236110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60505
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10404
GABA theta subunit36110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon36110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0101
glp-1 receptor, partial4004
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 37007
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor6006
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0303
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0202
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 10001
Albumin0124
Albumin0033
Translocator protein0214
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0303
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0303
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Microtubule-associated protein tau3003
cytochrome P450 2D66006
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d5005
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0314
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
Thrombopoietin2002
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease3003
nonstructural protein 12002
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 15005
glucocerebrosidase2002
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta2002
arylsulfatase A5005
caspase-33003
Adenylate cyclase type 1 0101
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)3003
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 12002
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 13003
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor2002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 12002
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 13003
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 12002
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M14004
lethal factor (plasmid)2002
Cocaine esterase0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B2002
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90102
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20101
Major prion protein0011
Vitamin D-binding protein0101
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0011
Integrin beta-10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10606
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20505
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40505
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10314
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30314
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40314
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0404
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50314
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50606
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20314
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10606
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0303
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0707
Integrin alpha-40101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0415
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0303
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 10001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70102
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30303
D(4) dopamine receptor0518
D(1B) dopamine receptor0304
Adenylate cyclase type 30101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40001
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0303
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0617
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0415
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Histamine H2 receptor0404
Adenosine receptor A10102
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0101
Adenylate cyclase type 20101
Adenylate cyclase type 40101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0404
Histamine H1 receptor0303
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0617
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0202
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70404
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Histamine H1 receptor0505
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0213
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
Adenylate cyclase type 80101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0303
Histamine H2 receptor3004
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor3104
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Cytochrome P450 2J20303
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0101
AP-2 complex subunit sigma0101
N-acetyltransferase Eis0202
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Adenylate cyclase type 60101
Adenylate cyclase type 50101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20808
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0202
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor0101
Genome polyprotein 0202
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20202
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Zinc finger protein 6640101
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0101
Transporter0101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
Protease 0202
Adenylyl cyclase 7 0101
D0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10707
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 40101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10606
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20101
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE4004
ClpP1001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A12002
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
M-phase phosphoprotein 85005
Solute carrier family 22 member 80001
endonuclease IV2002
USP1 protein, partial3003
Smad33003
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
alpha-galactosidase1001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 12002
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor2002
plasminogen precursor2002
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor2002
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A2002
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor0101
Thymidine kinase 0101
67.9K protein3003
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 12002
snurportin-12002
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)3003
Vpr2002
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0101
Thymidine phosphorylase0001
Thymidine kinase0001
Chain A, HADH2 protein2002
Chain B, HADH2 protein2002
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A2002
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase2002
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
Luciferase3003
WRN1001
integrase, partial0101
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
phosphopantetheinyl transferase3003
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA12002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
pyruvate kinase1001
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor2002
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
flap endonuclease 11001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a2002
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
Carbonic anhydrase 120001
Epidermal growth factor receptor0202
Carbonic anhydrase 10001
Carbonic anhydrase 20001
Plasma kallikrein0001
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0202
Carbonic anhydrase 30001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Tyrosinase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 60001
Adenosine receptor A2a0001
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 70001
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
SLC16A10 protein0001
Carbonic anhydrase 90001
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Monocarboxylate transporter 100001
Carbonic anhydrase 150001
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
Carbonic anhydrase 140001
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0001
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha3003
aryl hydrocarbon receptor3003
Histone H2A.x2002
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Catechol O-methyltransferase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0516
D0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
Chain A, Beta-lactamase2002
NADPH oxidase 10101
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
Snq2p0002
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)2002
activating transcription factor 61001
Caspase-72002
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor3003
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
caspase-32002
mitogen-activated protein kinase 11001
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0101
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor3003
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
bcl-2-related protein A10101
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
Aldehyde oxidase 10101
Retinal dehydrogenase 10101
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs0204
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
Aldehyde oxidase0103
Aldehyde oxidase 10101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0606
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Aldehyde oxidase 1 0101
Chain A, Immunoglobulin0011
Chain B, Immunoglobulin0011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10012
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40012
Delta-type opioid receptor0001
Kappa-type opioid receptor0001
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0001
Cholinesterase0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20012
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a1001
PPM1D protein1001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor1001
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Transcriptional activator protein LuxR0101
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 20101
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Cytochrome P450 2C190202
Envelope glycoprotein0011
Transporter0101
GALC protein1001
Parkin1001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a1001
huntingtin isoform 21001
Cytochrome P450 1A20101
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
Proteasome subunit alpha type-60011
Cathepsin D 0101
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 10101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20101
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 60001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 90112
Guanine deaminase0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]