Page last updated: 2024-10-24

adenylate cyclase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. [EC:4.6.1.1]

Adenylate cyclase activity is a critical molecular function involved in the synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a ubiquitous second messenger that plays a central role in cellular signaling. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cAMP and pyrophosphate (PPi). This reaction occurs in a two-step process: first, ATP binds to the active site of the enzyme. Second, the enzyme cleaves the phosphodiester bond between the alpha and beta phosphates of ATP, releasing PPi and forming cAMP. cAMP then diffuses away from the enzyme and binds to downstream effector proteins, such as protein kinase A (PKA), which are responsible for initiating a variety of cellular responses. These responses include, but are not limited to, changes in gene expression, cell growth, differentiation, metabolism, and neurotransmission. Adenylate cyclase activity is tightly regulated by a variety of factors, including hormones, neurotransmitters, and G proteins. The activity of the enzyme can be either stimulated or inhibited, depending on the specific signal received by the cell. This regulation ensures that cAMP levels are appropriately controlled, allowing for the proper functioning of cellular signaling pathways.'
"

Proteins (15)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Adenylate cyclase type 8An adenylate cyclase type 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P40145]Homo sapiens (human)
Calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclaseA protein that is a translation product of the cya gene in Bacillus anthracis. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P40136]Bacillus anthracis
Adenylate cyclase type 3An adenylate cyclase type 3 that is encoded in the genome of rat. [OMA:P21932, PRO:DNx]Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1An atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P16066]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylate cyclase type 1An adenylate cyclase type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q08828]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylate cyclase type 10An adenylate cyclase type 10 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96PN6]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylate cyclase type 4An adenylate cyclase type 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8NFM4]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylate cyclase type 2An adenylate cyclase type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q08462]Homo sapiens (human)
Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1A guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q02153]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylate cyclase type 7An adenylate cyclase type 7 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P51828]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylate cyclase type 8An adenylate cyclase type 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P40145]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylate cyclase type 5An adenylate cyclase type 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O95622]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylate cyclase type 9An adenylate cyclase type 9 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O60503]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylate cyclase type 3 An adenylate cyclase type 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O60266]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenylate cyclase type 6An adenylate cyclase type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O43306]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (25)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthineDPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
theophyllinedimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
caffeinepurine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
chlorpromazinechlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.

Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
gemfibrozilaromatic etherantilipemic drug
haloperidolhaloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.

Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.

6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist
aminoquinoline;
aromatic amine;
p-quinones;
quinolone
antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
ns 2028NS 2028: structure in first source
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source

lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.
aromatic primary alcohol;
furans;
indazoles
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
methioninemethionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.

Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine;
methionine zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid
antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
benzydaminebenzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.

Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.
aromatic ether;
indazoles;
tertiary amino compound
analgesic;
central nervous system stimulant;
hallucinogen;
local anaesthetic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
colforsinColforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol
adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
3'-o-(n-methylanthraniloyl) atp
5'-(sulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine5'-(sulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: covalently binds to platelet membrane
sk&f-38393
2-hydroxyestradiol2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.

2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid
carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
nsc 889154-pregnen-21-ol-3,20-dione-21-(4-bromobenzenesufonate): a tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase inhibitor; structure in first source
9-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl)adenine diphosphate9-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl)adenine diphosphate: structure in first source
sch 23390SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.

SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist
benzazepine
sk&f-38393(R)-SKF 38393 : A 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol that is the R-enantiomer of SKF 38393.1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol
bay 41-8543BAY 41-8543: structure in first sourcepyrazolopyridine
atrial natriuretic factorAtrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.polypeptide
natriuretic peptide, brainNatriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.polypeptide
clozapineclozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.

Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.
benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound
adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
sethoxydimsethoxydim: structure given in Merck Indexorganic hydroxy compound