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positive regulation of memory T cell activation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation. [GOC:obol]

Positive regulation of memory T cell activation is a complex process involving multiple signaling pathways and cellular interactions. Memory T cells, which are generated following an initial encounter with an antigen, possess the ability to rapidly and effectively respond to subsequent exposures to the same antigen. This rapid response is crucial for mounting an efficient immune response against previously encountered pathogens.

The activation of memory T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through the T cell receptor (TCR). This interaction triggers a cascade of signaling events within the memory T cell, leading to its activation.

One key signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of memory T cell activation is the TCR signaling pathway. Upon TCR engagement, the TCR complex recruits and activates intracellular signaling molecules, such as Lck and ZAP-70. These molecules, in turn, activate downstream signaling pathways, including the MAPK pathway, the NF-κB pathway, and the PI3K/AKT pathway.

The MAPK pathway is involved in promoting cell proliferation and survival. Activation of the MAPK pathway leads to the phosphorylation and activation of transcription factors, such as AP-1, which regulate gene expression essential for T cell activation.

The NF-κB pathway is responsible for regulating the expression of genes involved in inflammation and immune responses. Activation of the NF-κB pathway leads to the translocation of NF-κB transcription factors to the nucleus, where they promote the transcription of genes involved in T cell activation and cytokine production.

The PI3K/AKT pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, survival, and metabolism. Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway leads to the phosphorylation and activation of AKT, which in turn inhibits apoptosis and promotes cell survival.

In addition to these intracellular signaling pathways, positive regulation of memory T cell activation also involves interactions with other cells, such as APCs and other T cells. APCs, such as dendritic cells, play a critical role in presenting antigen to memory T cells. The interaction between memory T cells and APCs provides a platform for TCR signaling and the delivery of costimulatory signals, which are essential for T cell activation.

Memory T cells can also interact with other T cells, including naive T cells, to enhance their activation. This process, known as "bystander activation," allows memory T cells to indirectly activate naive T cells, promoting a more robust immune response.

Overall, positive regulation of memory T cell activation is a tightly regulated process involving multiple signaling pathways and cellular interactions. This intricate network ensures that memory T cells can effectively respond to antigen exposure, providing a rapid and efficient immune response to previously encountered pathogens.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain An MHC class I histocompatibility antigen A alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (8)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
astemizoleastemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.

Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.
benzimidazoles;
piperidines
anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
haloperidolhaloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.

Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
spiperonespiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.

Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.
aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
raloxifene hydrochlorideraloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.

Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.
hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
trazodone hydrochloridetrazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.

Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.
hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
doxazosin mesylateCardura: Trade name in United States.methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
vatalanibmonochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
mart-1 antigenMART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.