antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:14647477, PMID:15771591]
The process of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via the ER pathway, TAP-dependent, begins with the generation of peptide fragments from proteins synthesized within the cell. These proteins are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they are degraded by the proteasome, a large protein complex responsible for protein degradation. The proteasome generates short peptides, typically 8-10 amino acids in length. These peptides are then transported into the ER lumen by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). TAP is a heterodimer composed of two subunits, TAP1 and TAP2, and acts as a pump powered by ATP hydrolysis. The TAP transporter displays specificity for peptides with a certain length and amino acid composition. Once in the ER lumen, the peptides associate with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. MHC class I molecules are heterodimers composed of a heavy chain and a light chain called beta-2 microglobulin. The heavy chain contains a peptide binding groove that can accommodate the peptide fragments. The association between the peptide and MHC class I molecule occurs in the ER, where the two molecules assemble into a stable complex. The peptide-loaded MHC class I molecules then exit the ER and are transported through the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface. The peptide-MHC class I complexes are then displayed on the cell surface, where they can be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). CTLs express T cell receptors (TCRs) that specifically recognize the peptide-MHC class I complex. The TCR interaction with the complex triggers the activation of the CTL, leading to the elimination of the infected or cancerous cell. The entire process, from protein degradation to peptide loading and presentation on the cell surface, is tightly regulated and ensures the efficient presentation of endogenous antigens to CTLs. This process is critical for the immune system's ability to detect and eliminate intracellular pathogens and tumor cells.'
"
Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain | An MHC class I histocompatibility antigen A alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (8)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| astemizole | astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects. | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| haloperidol | haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| spiperone | spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively. Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA. | aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| raloxifene hydrochloride | raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride. Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue. | hydrochloride | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| trazodone hydrochloride | trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS. | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| doxazosin mesylate | Cardura: Trade name in United States. | methanesulfonate salt | geroprotector |
| vatalanib | monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; pyridines; secondary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist | |
| mart-1 antigen | MART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells. |