Compounds > donecopride
Page last updated: 2024-11-13

donecopride

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Description

donecopride: a dual serotonin subtype 4 receptor agonist/acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with potential interest for Alzheimer's disease treatment; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID86582973
CHEMBL ID3417009
SCHEMBL ID17709631
MeSH IDM000604606

Synonyms (10)

Synonym
bdbm50079362
CHEMBL3417009 ,
SCHEMBL17709631
donecopride
1-(4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-piperidyl]propan-1-one
FTRZTHFGTILUPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
gtpl10584
mr31147
compound 1 [pmid: 25793650]
1-(4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propan-1-one
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.01600.00000.933210.0000AID1201546; AID1421476; AID1587214; AID1862262
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.01600.00001.27869.7300AID1532587
CholinesteraseEquus caballus (horse)IC50 (µMol)3.53000.00002.22149.4000AID1201548
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.00920.00000.443910.0000AID1532586; AID1532589; AID1587207; AID1862263
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.05100.00000.490110.0000AID1532592
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.01130.00060.08791.1220AID1201560
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (27)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleftAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of receptor recyclingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
osteoblast developmentAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic processAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synapse assemblyAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergicAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid precursor protein metabolic processAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
retina development in camera-type eyeAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of appetite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
mucus secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
large intestinal transit5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
lipid transportSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathwaySigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuron apoptotic processSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotrimerizationSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (14)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
amyloid-beta bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholinesterase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cholinesterase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
collagen bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
serine hydrolase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
laminin bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor activitySigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (28)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular regionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
basement membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junctionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic cleftAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synapseAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
side of membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
endosome5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelopeSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membraneSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear outer membraneSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid dropletSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic densitySigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
growth coneSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicleSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
anchoring junctionSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membraneSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (30)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1862264Displacement of [3H]GR113808 from human 5-HT4 receptor expressed in Chem-1 cell membrane incubated for 60 mins by radiometric scintillation counting analysis relative to control2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 72Design, synthesis and evaluation of 2-(2-oxoethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
AID1201553Agonist activity at HA-tagged 5-HT4R (unknown origin) expressed in COS7 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by HTRF assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1201550Displacement of [3H]GR113808 from 5-HT4R in guinea pig brain membranes incubated for 30 mins by radioligand binding assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1201561Activity at 5-HT4R (unknown origin) expressed in COS7 cells assessed as increase in sAPPalpha release relative to 5-HT2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1532586Agonist activity at 5-HT4R (unknown origin)2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162Novel multitarget-directed ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and σ
AID1201546Inhibition of human erythrocyte AChE pre-incubated for 5 mins before acetylthiocholine iodide substrate by Ellman' method2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1532596Agonist activity at 5-HT4R (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation after 15 mins by radio-immunoassay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162Novel multitarget-directed ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and σ
AID1201565Toxicity in NMRI mouse assessed as induction of hypoactivity at 100 mg/kg, ip2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1201551Displacement of [3H]GR113808 from human 5-HT4R at 1 uM by radioligand binding assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1201563Toxicity in ip dosed NMRI mouse2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1532592Displacement of [3H]-(+)-pentazocine from sigma-1 receptor in human Jurkat cell membranes after 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162Novel multitarget-directed ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and σ
AID1201554Inhibition of propidium iodide binding to peripheral anionic site of electric eel AChE at 10 uM incubated for 6 hrs by propidium competition assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1862263Displacement of [3H]GR113808 from human 5-HT4 receptor expressed in Chem-1 cell membrane incubated for 60 mins by radiometric scintillation counting analysis2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 72Design, synthesis and evaluation of 2-(2-oxoethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
AID1587214Inhibition of human erythrocyte AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate incubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition by Ellman's method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 169Advancement of multi-target drug discoveries and promising applications in the field of Alzheimer's disease.
AID1201562Increase in sAPPalpha level in C57BL/6 mouse CSF at 1 mg/kg, ip measured after 90 mins by ELISA method2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1421476Mixed type competitive inhibition of human AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured every 1 min for 10 mins by Ellman's method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-05, Volume: 158Donepezil-based multi-functional cholinesterase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
AID1201564Toxicity in NMRI mouse assessed as toxic symptoms at 1 to 10 mg/kg, ip2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1201556Antiamnesic activity in NMRI mouse assessed as reversal of scopolamine-induced spontaneous alteration deficit at 0.3 mg/kg, ip by Y maze test2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1532590Inhibition of human erythrocytes AChE at 1 uM using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured at 1 min time interval for 10 mins by Ellman's method relative to control2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162Novel multitarget-directed ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and σ
AID1532589Displacement of [3H]-GR113808 from recombinant human 5-HT4BR expressed in membranes after 60 mins2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162Novel multitarget-directed ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and σ
AID1201566Toxicity in NMRI mouse assessed as induction of passivity at 100 mg/kg, ip2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1532588Displacement of [3H]-GR113808 from recombinant human 5-HT4BR expressed in membranes at 1 uM after 60 mins relative to control2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162Novel multitarget-directed ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and σ
AID1532587Inhibition of AChE (unknown origin)2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162Novel multitarget-directed ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and σ
AID1862262Inhibition of human AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and by DTNB reagent based Ellman's method2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-15, Volume: 72Design, synthesis and evaluation of 2-(2-oxoethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
AID1587207Displacement of [3H]GR113808 from human 5-HT4R membrane in Tris buffer assessed as inhibitory constant measured after 60 mins by filter binding method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 169Advancement of multi-target drug discoveries and promising applications in the field of Alzheimer's disease.
AID1201559Antidepressant-like activity in NMRI mouse assessed as reduction in immobility time at 0.3 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins before test2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1201560Activity at 5-HT4R (unknown origin) expressed in COS7 cells assessed as increase in sAPPalpha release2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1201552Displacement of [3H]GR113808 from human 5-HT4R at 10 nM by radioligand binding assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1201548Inhibition of equine serum BuChE pre-incubated for 5 mins before butyrylthiocholine iodide substrate by Ellman' method2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
AID1201555Toxicity in NMRI mouse assessed as effect on spontaneous locomotor activity at 10 mg/kg, ip dosed 30 mins before placing mouse in actimeter2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (7)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's5 (71.43)24.3611
2020's2 (28.57)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 25.82

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index25.82 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.08 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.56 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index26.67 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (25.82)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews2 (28.57%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other5 (71.43%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		2.1110organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		2.1110primary amine
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		2.5520aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		2.2110aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		3.3110organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
rs 67333
RS 67333: 5-HT(4) receptor agonist; structure in first source		4.1540aromatic ketone
latrepirdine
latrepirdine: structure		3.3110methylpyridines;
pyridoindole		geroprotector
tv3326
[no description available]		3.3110indanes
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		3.2710ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
huperzine a
[no description available]		2.4110organic heterotricyclic compound;
primary amino compound;
pyridone;
sesquiterpene alkaloid		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
plant metabolite
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.110organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
caproctamine
caproctamine: an M1 and M3 receptor antagonist; also inhibits acetylcholinesterase; structure in first source		3.3110
sesone
7-deazaxanthine: structure in first source		3.3110
td-5108
TD-5108: a selective 5-HT(4) receptor agonist with high intrinsic activity; structure in first source		2.8230
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		3.0640
ass234
[no description available]		3.2710
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.110
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		04.9570
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		04.9570
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.2510