lazabemide profile

Lazabemide is a selective, non-competitive antagonist of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5). It is a potent and orally bioavailable compound that has shown promising preclinical results in models of anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. Lazabemide has been investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, but it has not yet been approved for any clinical indication. The compound is currently under investigation for its potential therapeutic effects in other neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia.'

lazabemide: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	71307
CHEMBL ID	279390
SCHEMBL ID	121998
MeSH ID	M0165002

Synonym
bdbm50029816
5-chloro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2-amino-ethyl)-amide
lazabemide (usan/inn)
103878-84-8
D04681
lazabemide
n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloropicolinamide
2-pyridinecarboxamide, n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloro-
ro 19-6327/000
ccris 7301
ro-19-6327
ro-196327
CHEMBL279390 ,
n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloropyridine-2-carboxamide
n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide
A800836
AKOS006272560
420hd787n9 ,
unii-420hd787n9
lazabemide [usan:inn:ban]
n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide hydrate
lazabemide hydrate
ro 19-6327 hydrate
FT-0631029
gtpl6640
SCHEMBL121998
lazabemide [usan]
lazabemide [inn]
lazabemide [mi]
lazabemide [mart.]
ro-19-6327/000
lazabemide [who-dd]
JZXRLKWWVNUZRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CS-4008
DTXSID2048294
n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloro-2-pyridine carboxamide
HY-14201
AC-27411
n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide;n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide
Q6505756
BRD-K51486818-002-01-2
N17089
BCP21224
ro-19-6327;ro 19-6327;ro 196327
MS-23081
EN300-267479

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Lazabemide (Ro 19-6327) is a short-acting, reversible, highly selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B, that, unlike selegiline (deprenyl), is not metabolized to active compounds."	( A controlled trial of lazabemide (Ro 19-6327) in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Study Group. , 1994)	2.05
"Lazabemide (RO19-6327) is a short-acting, reversible, highly selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B which, unlike deprenyl, is not metabolized to active compounds."	( A controlled trial of lazabemide (RO19-6327) in untreated Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Study Group. , 1993)	1.32
"Lazabemide (Ro 19-6327) is a relatively short-acting, reversible, and selective type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is not metabolized to amphetamines or other active compounds. "	( Effect of lazabemide on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease. The Parkinson Study Group. , 1996)	2.14

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Lazabemide treatment was as well tolerated as placebo and was not attended by serious adverse experiences. "	( A controlled trial of lazabemide (Ro 19-6327) in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Study Group. , 1994)	2.05
"Lazabemide treatment was as well tolerated as placebo and was not attended by serious adverse experiences."	( A controlled trial of lazabemide (RO19-6327) in untreated Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Study Group. , 1993)	1.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of lazabemide were determined after single and multiple doses."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple doses of the MAO-B inhibitor lazabemide in healthy subjects. Dingemanse, J; Jorga, K; Kettler, R; Wood, N, 1997)	0.8

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" MRZ-8676 (6,6-dimethyl-2-phenylethynyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-quinolin-5-one) is a novel proprietary, selective, orally bioavailable mGluR5 NAM."	( Pharmacological characterization of MRZ-8676, a novel negative allosteric modulator of subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5): focus on L: -DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Danysz, W; Dekundy, A; Gravius, A; Hechenberger, M; Mela, F; Nagel, J; Parsons, CG; Pietraszek, M; Tober, C; van der Elst, M, 2011)	0.37

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The method was applied to the measurement of the dose-response curve of a reversible MAO-B inhibitor (Ro 19-6327)."	( Measurement of cerebral monoamine oxidase B activity using L-[11C]deprenyl and dynamic positron emission tomography. Bench, CJ; Cremer, JE; Frackowiak, RS; Lammertsma, AA; Luthra, SK; Price, GW; Turton, D; Wood, ND, 1991)	0.28
" Nevertheless, maximum concentrations and areas under concentration-time curves increased almost proportionally with dose and accumulation after chronic dosing was less than a factor of 2; steady-state concentrations were achieved by the third day of dosing."	( Mixed linear and non-linear disposition of lazabemide, a reversible and selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B. Dingemanse, J; Guentert, TW; Holford, NH; Pfefen, JP, 1994)	0.55
" Only minor accumulation occurred upon multiple dosing and steady-state plasma concentrations were achieved on the third day."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple doses of the MAO-B inhibitor lazabemide in healthy subjects. Dingemanse, J; Jorga, K; Kettler, R; Wood, N, 1997)	0.52
" Because of the lack of specificity of ibotenic acid for a glutamate receptor subtype, a dose-response study with alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate was undertaken and calcified areas (identified with Alizarin Red staining) as well as astro- and microglial reactions (by autoradiography with [3H]lazabemide and [3H]Ro 5-4864) were quantified at one month post-lesion."	( Long-term effects of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate and 6-nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline-2,3-dione in the rat basal ganglia: calcification, changes in glutamate receptors and glial reactions. Cummins, DJ; Dewar, D; Dragunow, M; Mahy, N; Petegnief, V; Saura, J, 1999)	0.48

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	63.0957	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0300	0.0004	0.7649	12.5000	AID126695
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0381	0.0008	1.0927	6.0000	AID1192621; AID1192622
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	10.0000	0.0007	1.9798	12.5000	AID125713
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0722	0.0019	0.5533	4.8000	AID1192621
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	80.0000	0.0000	2.3789	9.7700	AID1571214
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	4,075.0000	0.0019	2.3797	10.0000	AID1413448; AID1708793
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0770	0.0000	1.8914	9.5700	AID1152189; AID1158611; AID1192164; AID1194962; AID1261174; AID1278145; AID1297408; AID1373672; AID1409012; AID1432432; AID1484647; AID1498690; AID1512063; AID1514581; AID1571215; AID1624338; AID1896030; AID718026; AID751623; AID773445
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0342	0.0006	1.7771	10.0000	AID1192621; AID1192622; AID1413449; AID1708794; AID254307
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	7.1000	1.2000	4.1500	7.1000	AID1192632
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.0660	0.0090	0.1193	0.2754	AID1192631
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
biogenic amine metabolic process	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of signal transduction	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine catabolic process	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to aluminum ion	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to selenium ion	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin secretion	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
phenylethylamine catabolic process	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
substantia nigra development	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine catabolic process	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine metabolic process	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to corticosterone	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein binding	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
primary amine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
aliphatic amine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
primary amine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
aliphatic amine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
mitochondrion	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membrane	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial envelope	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membrane	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (81)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1192621	Inhibition of human recombinant microsomal MAO-B expressed in Pichia pastoris incubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 60 mins by MAO-Glo assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Reversible and irreversible small molecule inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) investigated by biophysical techniques.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1708793	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-A expressed in baculovirus infected BTI insect cells using p-tyramine as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Amplex red reagent based fluorescence analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
AID718026	Inhibition of human recombinant MAO-B expressed in insect cell microsome assessed as 4-hydroxyquinoline formation using kynuramine as substrate after 20 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by 8-[(phenylethyl)sulfanyl]caffeine analogues.
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1571214	Inhibition of MAOA (unknown origin) using kynuramine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Selected aryl thiosemicarbazones as a new class of multi-targeted monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1571216	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for MAOA (unknown origin) to IC50 for MAOB (unknown origin)	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Selected aryl thiosemicarbazones as a new class of multi-targeted monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID773445	Reversible inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B assessed as inhibition of kynuramine conversion to fluorescent metabolite 4-hydroxyquinoline after 20 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 23, Issue:20	Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1373684	Inhibition of human recombinant MAOB assessed as residual enzyme activity at 2 time IC50 pre-incubated for 30 mins followed by 0.06 mM benzylamine substrate addition	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4	Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by hispidol.
AID1571215	Inhibition of MAOB (unknown origin) using benzylamine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Selected aryl thiosemicarbazones as a new class of multi-targeted monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AID1708806	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability at 30 uM incubated for 2 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
AID1192633	Inhibition of human recombinant soluble MAO-B assessed as change in melting temperature at 100 uM after 20 mins by SYPRO orange staining-based fluorescence assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Reversible and irreversible small molecule inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) investigated by biophysical techniques.
AID1413451	Competitive inhibition of recombinant human MAO-A assessed as reduction in H2O2 production preincubated for 30 mins followed by p-tyramine substrate addition measured after 30 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis
AID1708794	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B expressed in baculovirus infected BTI insect cells using p-tyramine as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Amplex red reagent based fluorescence analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1152188	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-A using kynuramine as substrate assessed as 4-hydroxyquinoline production after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometry analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12	α-Tetralone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID254307	Inhibition constant against human recombinant Monoamine oxidase-B	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 15, Issue:20	Docking studies on monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors: estimation of inhibition constants (K(i)) of a series of experimentally tested compounds.
AID125713	In vitro inhibitory activity against rat brain Monoamine oxidase A	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-24, Volume: 38, Issue:24	Selective and potent monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors: 2-substituted 5-aryltetrazole derivatives.
AID1192622	Inhibition of human recombinant soluble MAO-B expressed in Pichia pastoris incubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 60 mins by MAO-Glo assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Reversible and irreversible small molecule inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) investigated by biophysical techniques.
AID1409012	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B using kynuramine as substrate after 20 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric analysis	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 26, Issue:20	Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted 4(3H)-quinazolinone thioether derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AID1432432	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B using benzylamine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-01, Volume: 27, Issue:5	Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by purpurin, an anthraquinone.
AID1278145	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B after 20 mins using 50 uM kynuramine as substrate by fluorescence spectrophotometry	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 26, Issue:4	Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by benzoxathiolone analogues.
AID1192630	Reversible inhibition of MAO-B in rat whole brain homogenate assessed as recovered activity at 100 times IC50 incubated for 60 mins followed by 6 washes by Amplex Red assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Reversible and irreversible small molecule inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) investigated by biophysical techniques.
AID1373685	Reversible inhibition of human recombinant MAOB assessed as residual enzyme activity at 2 times IC50 pre-incubated with enzyme for 30 mins followed by dialysis with pH 7.2 sodium phosphate buffer for 6 hrs followed by 0.06 mM benzylamine substrate additio	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4	Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by hispidol.
AID1708798	Reversible inhibition of human MAO-B assessed as residual enzyme activity at 4 fold IC50 incubated for 15 mins and measured before dialysis relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1413448	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-A assessed as reduction in H2O2 production preincubated for 30 mins followed by p-tyramine substrate addition measured after 30 mins by amplex red reagent based fluorescence assay
AID751623	Inhibition of human recombinant monoamine oxidase-B assessed as kynuramine conversion to 6-hydroxyquinoline after 20 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by phthalide analogues.
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1158611	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B expressed in insect cells assessed as inhibition of oxidation of kynuramine to 4-hydroxyquinoline after 20 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometry	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 82	New insights into the biological properties of Crocus sativus L.: chemical modifications, human monoamine oxidases inhibition and molecular modeling studies.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1194962	Inhibition of human recombinant MAOB using kynuramine substrate assessed as reduction in MAO-generated 4-hydroxyquinoline level by fluorescence spectrophotometry	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 25, Issue:9	The synthesis and evaluation of sesamol and benzodioxane derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.
AID1624337	Inhibition of human recombinant MAO-A expressed in baculovirus infected BTI insect cells using kynuramine as substrate after 20 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 29, Issue:6	Osthenol, a prenylated coumarin, as a monoamine oxidase A inhibitor with high selectivity.
AID1297408	Inhibition of human recombinant MAO-B using kynuramine as substrate incubated for 20 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	An evaluation of synthetic indole derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.
AID1192164	Inhibition of human recombinant MAO-B assessed as kynuramine oxidation to 4-hydroxyquinoline formation by spectrofluorometric analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 25, Issue:6	Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by indole-5,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1192163	Inhibition of human recombinant MAO-A assessed as kynuramine oxidation to 4-hydroxyquinoline formation by spectrofluorometric analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 25, Issue:6	Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by indole-5,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives.
AID1708797	Reversible inhibition of human MAO-A assessed as residual enzyme activity at 4 fold IC50 incubated for 15 mins and measured before dialysis by dialysis method relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
AID1192632	Inhibition of human recombinant soluble MAO-B assessed as thermal shift after 20 mins by SYPRO orange staining-based fluorescence assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Reversible and irreversible small molecule inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) investigated by biophysical techniques.
AID1571227	Reversible inhibition of MAOB (unknown origin) assessed as residual enzyme activity at 0.08 uM using benzylamine as substrate measured after 30 mins relative to control	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Selected aryl thiosemicarbazones as a new class of multi-targeted monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1399990	Acute toxicity in po dosed rat	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 26, Issue:17	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of lazabemide derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.
AID1413450	Selectivity index, ratio of Ki for recombinant human MAO-B to Ki for recombinant human MAO-A
AID1413449	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B assessed as reduction in H2O2 production preincubated for 30 mins followed by p-tyramine substrate addition measured after 30 mins by amplex red reagent based fluorescence assay
AID1708796	Reversible inhibition of human MAO-A assessed as residual enzyme activity at 4 fold IC50 incubated for 15 mins and measured 24 hrs post dialysis by dialysis method relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1514581	Inhibition of recombinant human MAOB expressed in insect cell microsomes using kynuramine as substrate measured after 20 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometry	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 29, Issue:1	Novel monoamine oxidase inhibitors based on the privileged 2-imidazoline molecular framework.
AID1624340	Competitive inhibition of human recombinant MAO-A expressed in baculovirus infected BTI insect cells using kynuramine as substrate after 20 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 29, Issue:6	Osthenol, a prenylated coumarin, as a monoamine oxidase A inhibitor with high selectivity.
AID1152189	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B using kynuramine as substrate assessed as 4-hydroxyquinoline production after 30 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometry analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12	α-Tetralone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.
AID1498690	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B using benzylamine as substrate incubated for 30 mins by spectrophotometric method	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 28, Issue:14	Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by chelerythrine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.
AID1192165	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human recombinant MAO-B to IC50 for human recombinant MAO-A	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 25, Issue:6	Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by indole-5,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives.
AID1261174	Inhibition of human MAO-B expressed in baculovirus infected BT1 cells microsome fraction by fluorescence spectrometry	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities of heterocyclic chalcones.
AID1708799	Reversible inhibition of human MAO-B assessed as residual enzyme activity at 4 fold IC50 incubated for 15 mins and measured 24 hrs post dialysis relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
AID1896030	Inhibition of MAO-B (unknown origin)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-23, Volume: 64, Issue:24	The Repertoire of Small-Molecule PET Probes for Neuroinflammation Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities beyond TSPO.
AID1624338	Inhibition of human recombinant MAO-B expressed in baculovirus infected BTI insect cells using benzylamine as substrate after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 29, Issue:6	Osthenol, a prenylated coumarin, as a monoamine oxidase A inhibitor with high selectivity.
AID127198	Inhibition of mitochondrial Monoamine oxidase-B purified from bovine liver	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24	New analogues of N-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide (Ro 16-6491). Some of the most potent monoamine oxidase-B inactivators.
AID1708795	Selectivity index, ratio of Ki for inhibition of recombinant human MAO-A to Ki for inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B using p-tyramine as substrate	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1192631	Binding affinity to human recombinant microsomal MAO-B by ITC	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Reversible and irreversible small molecule inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) investigated by biophysical techniques.
AID1373672	Inhibition of human recombinant MAOB using benzylamine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4	Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by hispidol.
AID1571228	Reversible inhibition of MAOB (unknown origin) assessed as residual enzyme activity at 0.08 uM using benzylamine as substrate pre-incubated for 30 mins followed by dialysis with pH 7.2 sodium phosphate buffer relative to control	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Selected aryl thiosemicarbazones as a new class of multi-targeted monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AID234092	Selectivity for the B form was estimated by the IC50(MAO A)/IC50(MAO B) ratio	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-24, Volume: 38, Issue:24	Selective and potent monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors: 2-substituted 5-aryltetrazole derivatives.
AID1484647	Inhibition of recombinant human MAO-B expressed in baculovirus infected BTI insect cell microsomes using kynuramine as substrate after 20 mins by fluorescence spectroscopy	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135	The evaluation of 1,4-benzoquinones as inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase.
AID1708805	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability at 15 uM incubated for 2 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
AID1413453	Reversible inhibition of recombinant human MAO-A assessed as enzyme activity recovery at 5 time Ki value preincubated for 15 mins followed by dilution of enzyme-inhibitor mixture for 24 hrs and subsequent p-tyramine substrate addition by dialysis method
AID1512063	Inhibition of human recombinant MAO-B expressed in insect cells microsomes assessed as inhibition of 4-hydroxyquinoline formation using kynuramine as substrate incubated for 20 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometry analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 29, Issue:21	1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamides as privileged structures for the inhibition of monoamine oxidase B.
AID126695	In vitro inhibitory activity against rat brain Monoamine oxidase B	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-24, Volume: 38, Issue:24	Selective and potent monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors: 2-substituted 5-aryltetrazole derivatives.
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1192629	Reversible inhibition of MAO-B in rat whole brain homogenate assessed as recovered activity at 100 times IC50 incubated for 60 mins followed by 3 washes by Amplex Red assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Reversible and irreversible small molecule inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) investigated by biophysical techniques.
AID1708804	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability at 7.5 uM incubated for 2 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1345977	Human Monoamine oxidase B (Catecholamine turnover)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 15, Issue:20	Docking studies on monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors: estimation of inhibition constants (K(i)) of a series of experimentally tested compounds.
AID1345977	Human Monoamine oxidase B (Catecholamine turnover)	1990	Advances in neurology, , Volume: 53	Ro 19-6327, a reversible and highly selective monoamine, oxidase B inhibitor: a novel tool to explore the MAO-B function in humans.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3 (2.78)	18.7374
1990's	56 (51.85)	18.2507
2000's	19 (17.59)	29.6817
2010's	28 (25.93)	24.3611
2020's	2 (1.85)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	11 (9.65%)	5.53%
Reviews	8 (7.02%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	95 (83.33%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	1.98	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	3.78	11	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
creatine [no description available]	3.12	1	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
histamine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	2.4	2	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.42	2	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	2	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	1.98	1	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2.38	2	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine: decarboxylase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0	phenols
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.38	2	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.59	2	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aniracetam [no description available]	2	1	0	N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	3.48	2	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
bu 224 BU 224: a selective imidazoline 2-receptor blocker	2.02	1	0	quinolines
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
celecoxib [no description available]	3.41	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.17	1	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.69	3	0	clonidine; imidazoline
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.01	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	1.98	1	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	2.41	2	0	primary amine
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2	1	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	2.31	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	2	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium : An organic cation that is phenothiazin-5-ium substituted by dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 7. The chloride salt is the histological dye 'methylene blue'.	2.11	1	0	organic cation
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	11.09	9	1	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	8.83	11	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2	1	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.7	3	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2.15	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	3.94	12	0	aromatic amine
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	3.12	1	0	benzothiazoles
ropinirole [no description available]	3.25	1	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
tyramine [no description available]	8.37	1	1	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	2.21	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
corticosterone [no description available]	2.31	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.06	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	1.98	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	12.27	13	1	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.15	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.21	1	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	1.99	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alizarin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
purpurin purpurin: from Rubiaceae plants; structure in first source. purpurin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone derived from anthracene by substitution with oxo groups at C-9 and C-10 and with hydroxy groups at C-1, C-2 and C-4.	2.57	2	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	biological pigment; histological dye; plant metabolite
phthalide 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one : A gamma-lactone that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran in which the hydrogens at position 1 are replaced by an oxo group.. isobenzofuranone : A 2-benzofuran containing one or more oxo groups.	2.08	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	2.02	1	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
allylamine Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.	1.98	1	0	alkylamine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	3.25	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.69	3	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	5.79	29	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	1.98	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
phenylbenzoquinone phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.15	1	0
indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.	2	1	0	quinone imine	dye
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.17	1	0
angelicin angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure	2.21	1	0	furanocoumarin
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.03	1	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.01	1	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	13.84	28	2	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
eedq EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent	1.98	1	0
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	3.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	4.31	3	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
toloxatone toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.	5.14	15	0	oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; toluenes
fluorescamine Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.	1.97	1	0
brofaromine brofaromine: short-acting specific type A monoamine oxidase inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	3.07	1	0	diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	3.25	6	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
n 0437, (-)-isomer rotigotine: Antiparkinson Agent and dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.25	1	0	tetralins
safranal safranal: a monoterpene aldehyde; one of the main components responsible for the aroma of saffron; structure given in first source. safranal : A monoterpenoid formally derived from beta-cyclocitral by dehydrogenation.	3.01	1	0	monoterpenoid
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	2.47	2	0	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
isoimperatorin isoimperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist isolated from Glehniae root. isoimperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 5. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.21	1	0	psoralens	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite
rilmenidine Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.	2.69	3	0	isourea
malvidin chloride [no description available]	2.17	1	0
thioxolone tioxolone : A 1,3-benzoxathiole having a hydroxy substituent at the 6-position.	2.13	1	0	benzoxathiole	antiseborrheic
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.17	1	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone: isolated from tobacco; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
oxoglaucine 1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy-7H-dibenzo(de,g)quinolin-7-one: a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110alpha inhibitor that reactivates latent HIV-1; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid
carbidopa, levodopa drug combination [no description available]	2.15	1	0
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.02	1	0	beta-carbolines
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.	3.41	1	0	aminodiol; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
rx 821002 2-methoxyidazoxan: 2-methoxy analog of idazoxan. 2-methoxyidazoxan : A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.	2.38	2	0	benzodioxine; cyclic ketal; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	3.25	1	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
ro 8-0576 benserazide, levodopa drug combination: combination of L-Dopa and seryltrihydroxybenzylhydrazine; used in treatment of parkinsonism	3.07	1	0
safinamide safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source	3.24	5	0	amino acid amide
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	6.98	1	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
corydalmine corydalmine: antagonizes dopamine receptors; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.17	1	0
corynoline corynoline : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid that is chelidonine substituted by a methyl group at position 13. Isolated from the aerial parts of Corydalis incisa, it acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and also exhibits antineoplastic and hepatoprotective activity.	2.17	1	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isoquinolines; organic heterohexacyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	3.28	6	0
decursin decursin: activates protein kinase C; isolated from the root of Angelica gigas; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.88	3	0	coumarins
1,4-diphenylbutadiene [no description available]	2.02	1	0	styrenes
2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole 2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole: an amyloid imaging agent; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
md 230254 5-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3-(2-cyanoethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
rasagiline [no description available]	4.25	5	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline: structure given in first source	3.28	6	0	benzofurans
bakuchicin bakuchicin: a hepatoprotective compound of Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae); structure in first source	2.21	1	0
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	2	1	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	3.49	2	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	2.58	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.88	3	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	2.21	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.43	2	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	2.17	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gardenia yellow gardenia yellow: extract of gardenia fruit; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF. crocin-1 : A diester that is crocetin in which both of the carboxy groups have been converted to their gentiobiosyl esters. It is one of the water-soluble yellow-red pigments of saffron and is used as a spice for flavouring and colouring food. Note that in India, the term 'Crocin' is also used by GlaxoSmithKline as a brand-name for paracetamol.	3.01	1	0	diester; disaccharide derivative; diterpenoid	antioxidant; food colouring; histological dye; plant metabolite
hispidol hispidol : A hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 4' respectively.	2.58	2	0	hydroxyaurone	plant metabolite
sulfuretin sulfuretin: the chalcone C ring closes into a 5 instead of the more typical 6 membered ring leaving a phenyl methane at the 2 position instead of the typical phenyl	2.17	1	0	1-benzofurans
harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.	2.03	1	0	harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
kaempferide kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.	2.21	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antihypertensive agent; metabolite
epsilon-viniferin epsilon-viniferin: stilbene dimer; isolated from the Oriental medicinal plant Vitis coignetiae; structure given in first source. (-)-trans-epsilon-viniferin : A stilbenoid that is the (-)-trans-stereoisomer of epsilon-viniferin, obtained by cyclodimerisation of trans-resveratrol.	2.21	1	0	1-benzofurans; polyphenol; stilbenoid	metabolite
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.02	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.02	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
ro 41-1049 Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source	5.76	28	0
osthenol osthenol: structure in first source. osthenol : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 8 has been replaced by a prenyl group.	2.21	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
kaempferol-7-methyl ether rhamnocitrin : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of kaempferol.	2.21	1	0	flavonols; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
lacinartin lacinartin: from Zanthoxylum schinifolium; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.	2.11	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
alternariol monomethyl ether djalonensone : A benzochromenone that is alternariol in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum as well as being one of the two most important compounds belonging to the group of Altenaria mycotoxins.	2.58	2	0	aromatic ether; benzochromenone	antifungal agent; fungal metabolite; mycotoxin
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	1.99	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
n-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride Ro 16-6491: structure given in first source	2.89	4	0
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-fluoroallylamine 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-fluoroallylamine: structure & RN from first source; RN given refers to (E)-isomer	1.98	1	0
oxepins Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.	3.12	1	0
jte 013 JTE 013: an Edg-5 antagonist. JTE-013 : A semicarbazide derivative that is semicarbazide in which the amino group at position 2 is replaced by a [1,3-dimethyl-4-(propan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]amino group and the amino group adjacent to the carbonyl is replaced by a (2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)amino group. It is a potent S1P2 antagonist (IC50 = 17.6 nM).	3.41	1	0	chloropyridine; pyrazolopyridine	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; osteogenesis regulator; pro-angiogenic agent; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 antagonist
gw 2580 5-(3-methoxy-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine: a cFMS kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	3.41	1	0
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	3.12	1	0
pexidartinib pexidartinib: inhibits both CSF1R and c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase; structure in first source. pexidartinib : A pyrrolopyridine that is 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine which is substituted by a [6-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}amino)pyridin-3-yl]methyl group at position 3. It is a potent multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R, KIT, and FLT3 (IC50 of 20 nM, 10 nM and 160 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT).	3.41	1	0	aminopyridine; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyrrolopyridine; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	1.97	1	0
blz 945 [no description available]	3.41	1	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	3.12	1	0
piroxicam [no description available]	2.31	1	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	3.49	2	0
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	2.01	1	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	2.15	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	8.33	12	3
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	8.33	12	3
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	3.37	2	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	3.37	2	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.31	1	0
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)	2.17	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.06	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.43	2	0
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	4.08	3	1
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	2.06	1	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	4.08	3	1
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	8.39	1	1
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	2.02	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	9.41	8	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	2.02	1	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	2.02	1	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	2.02	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.42	2	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	2.42	2	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	7.4	2	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	1.98	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	4.06	3	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	4.06	3	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	2	1	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	2	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2	1	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2	1	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	2	1	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	2	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1.97	1	0

lazabemide

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (46)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (15)

Molecular Functions (7)

Ceullar Components (6)

Bioassays (81)

Research

Studies (108)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 25.82

Study Types

lazabemide

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (46)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (15)

Molecular Functions (7)

Ceullar Components (6)

Bioassays (81)

Research

Studies (108)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 25.82

Study Types

Related Drugs (142)

Related Conditions (36)