microtubule binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to a microtubule, a filament composed of tubulin monomers. [GOC:krc]

Microtubule binding is a fundamental molecular interaction that plays a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell division, intracellular transport, cell motility, and maintenance of cell shape. Microtubules are dynamic polymers of α- and β-tubulin dimers that assemble into long, hollow filaments. Their dynamic instability allows them to rapidly assemble and disassemble, providing a framework for cellular organization and movement. Microtubule-binding proteins (MTBPs) interact with microtubules through a variety of mechanisms, including:

- **Direct binding to tubulin subunits:** Many MTBPs bind directly to the tubulin dimer, either at the interface between α- and β-tubulin or at specific sites on individual subunits. This binding can stabilize or destabilize microtubule assembly, regulate microtubule dynamics, or alter their mechanical properties.
- **Binding to the microtubule lattice:** Some MTBPs bind along the length of the microtubule, often through interactions with the lateral surface of the polymer. This type of binding can serve to stabilize the microtubule, provide a track for motor proteins, or create cross-links between microtubules.
- **Binding to microtubule ends:** Other MTBPs bind specifically to the growing or shrinking ends of microtubules, influencing their polymerization or depolymerization rates.
- **Indirect binding via adapter proteins:** Some MTBPs interact with microtubules indirectly through adapter proteins that bridge the gap between the MTBP and the microtubule.

The molecular function of microtubule binding is highly diverse, reflecting the wide variety of cellular processes that microtubules participate in. Some common functions include:

- **Regulation of microtubule dynamics:** MTBPs can influence the rate of microtubule assembly and disassembly, controlling their overall length and stability. This is essential for processes such as mitosis, where microtubules are constantly being assembled and disassembled to drive chromosome segregation.
- **Microtubule organization:** MTBPs can help organize microtubules into specific arrangements, such as the spindle fibers in mitosis or the cytoskeletal network in cells.
- **Intracellular transport:** MTBPs can provide a track for motor proteins, such as kinesin and dynein, which move organelles and vesicles along microtubules.
- **Cell motility:** MTBPs play a crucial role in cell motility, particularly in the movement of cilia and flagella, which are microtubule-based structures.
- **Cell signaling:** Some MTBPs act as signaling molecules, transmitting information about changes in the microtubule cytoskeleton to other cellular components.

Overall, microtubule binding is a complex and multifaceted process that is essential for many cellular functions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of MTBPs is crucial for understanding cellular processes and for developing therapeutic strategies for diseases that involve microtubule dysfunction.'
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Proteins (37)

Compounds (666)