alanine and Pregnancy
alanine has been researched along with Pregnancy in 344 studies
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.
Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Research Excerpts
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "When started in pregnancy, dolutegravir-containing regimens had superior virological efficacy at delivery compared with the efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimen." | 9.41 | Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2 ( Amico, KR; Brummel, SS; Cassim, H; Chakhtoura, N; Chinula, L; Coletti, A; Currier, J; Fairlie, L; Frenkel, LM; Hanley, S; Hoffman, RM; Holmes, LB; Jean-Philippe, P; João, E; Johnston, B; Korutaro, V; Krotje, C; Lockman, S; Masheto, G; McCarthy, K; Mmbaga, BT; Momper, JD; Moyo, S; Purdue, L; Rooney, JF; Sax, PE; Shapiro, RL; Stranix-Chibanda, L; Stringer, JS; Thoofer, NK; Ziemba, L, 2021) |
| "Integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir (DTG), are associated with weight gain and obesity, especially when combined with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)." | 9.12 | The predicted risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes as a result of treatment-associated obesity in a hypothetical population receiving tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/dolutegravir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/dolutegravir or tenofovir dis ( Asif, S; Baxevanidi, E; Chandiwana, N; Fairlie, L; Hill, A; Masenya, M; Serenata, C; Sokhela, S; Venter, WDF, 2021) |
| "Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has recently been approved for chronic hepatitis B (CHB)." | 8.95 | Tenofovir alafenamide as compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in the management of chronic hepatitis B with recent trends in patient demographics. ( Hsu, YC; Nguyen, MH; Wei, MT, 2017) |
| "Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a prodrug of tenofovir (TFV), is included in the majority of the recommended first-line antiretroviral regimens for patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but there are limited data on TAF use in pregnant women." | 8.12 | Tenofovir Alafenamide Plasma Concentrations Are Reduced in Pregnant Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Data From the PANNA Network. ( Alba Alejandre, I; Bukkems, VE; Burger, D; Colbers, A; Garcia, C; Hidalgo Tenorio, C; Konopnicki, D; Lambert, JS; Necsoi, C; Richel, O; Te Brake, LHM; van der Meulen, E; van Hulzen, A; Weiss, F, 2022) |
| "Antenatal antiviral therapy (AVT) is effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB); tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is the preferred agent." | 8.12 | Plasma and breast milk pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide in mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection. ( Cottrell, M; Crane, H; Di Girolamo, J; Dumond, J; Gane, E; Kashuba, A; Kayes, T; Levy, MT; Lim, TH; Manandhar, S; Symonds, A, 2022) |
| "This study aims to investigate the effect of resveratrol on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and its effect on the gut microbiome profiles, thus contributing to the potential therapeutic strategies for ICP." | 8.12 | Resveratrol modulates the gut microbiota of cholestasis in pregnant rats. ( Lei, L; Li, Z; Ling, L; Liu, Y; Shao, Y; Xiong, Z, 2022) |
| "Few safety and effectiveness results have been published regarding the administration of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) during pregnancy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV)." | 8.02 | Tenofovir Alafenamide to Prevent Perinatal Hepatitis B Transmission: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study. ( Chen, ZM; Cui, GL; Ji, F; Li, GM; Li, J; Li, W; Li, ZQ; Liang, HX; Liu, YM; Lv, J; Pan, YJ; Sun, CY; Wang, FS; Xu, JH; Yu, ZJ; Zeng, QL; Zhang, DW; Zhang, GF, 2021) |
| "2% (wt:wt) L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) throughout pregnancy (Expt." | 7.74 | Dietary arginine supplementation during early pregnancy enhances embryonic survival in rats. ( Fan, X; Li, P; Wang, F; Wang, J; Wu, G; Yang, W; Yin, Y; Zeng, X; Zhou, B, 2008) |
| "To evaluate the possible association between plasma total homocysteine or other amino acid concentrations and gestational diabetes or glucose intolerance (GI), in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women." | 7.73 | Are plasma total homocysteine and other amino acids associated with glucose intolerance in uncomplicated pregnancies and preeclampsia? ( Antònia Vilaseca, M; Gómez, E; Lailla, JM; López-Quesada, E, 2005) |
| "A mutation in the gene 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), leading to altered homocysteine metabolism, has been identified in parents and fetuses with fetal neural tube defects." | 7.70 | Role of amniotic fluid homocysteine level and of fetal 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrafolate reductase genotype in the etiology of neural tube defects. ( Acton, S; Johanning, GL; Johnston, KE; Owen, J; Tamura, T; Wenstrom, KD, 2000) |
| "The participation of the liver to the increase in alanine utilization seen at midpregnancy was studied in 9- and 12-day pregnant rats." | 7.67 | Alanine uptake by liver at midpregnancy in rats. ( Bourdel, G; Pastor-Anglada, M; Remesar, X, 1987) |
| "In order to quantify the glucose-alanine relationship in normal human pregnancy, the turnover rates of alanine and the incorporation of alanine carbon into glucose were quantified in 15 pregnant women during the last 4 weeks of gestation following a ten-hour fast." | 7.67 | Glucose-alanine relationship in normal human pregnancy. ( Gilfillan, CA; Kalhan, SC; Savin, SM; Tserng, KY, 1988) |
| "To determine if pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones can be implicated in the glucose fall of pregnancy, we have measured plasma immunoreactive insulin and glucagon (IRI and IRG) in rats." | 7.65 | Plasma glucagon and insulin in rat pregnancy. Roles in glucose homeostasis. ( Finkowski, M; Knopp, RH; Saudek, CD, 1975) |
| "Pantetheine 4'-phosphate was significantly negatively associated with non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) and TC levels." | 5.91 | Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) exposure effect during pregnancy and lactation on lipid metabolism in rat offspring. ( Liu, Y; Luo, T; Meng, X; Yu, G; Zhang, J; Zhang, R, 2023) |
| "When started in pregnancy, dolutegravir-containing regimens had superior virological efficacy at delivery compared with the efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimen." | 5.41 | Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2 ( Amico, KR; Brummel, SS; Cassim, H; Chakhtoura, N; Chinula, L; Coletti, A; Currier, J; Fairlie, L; Frenkel, LM; Hanley, S; Hoffman, RM; Holmes, LB; Jean-Philippe, P; João, E; Johnston, B; Korutaro, V; Krotje, C; Lockman, S; Masheto, G; McCarthy, K; Mmbaga, BT; Momper, JD; Moyo, S; Purdue, L; Rooney, JF; Sax, PE; Shapiro, RL; Stranix-Chibanda, L; Stringer, JS; Thoofer, NK; Ziemba, L, 2021) |
| "Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant widely used for the treatment of epilepsy." | 5.31 | Uptake mechanism of valproic acid in human placental choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo). ( Matsuo, H; Nakano, H; Ohtani, H; Sawada, Y; Takanaga, H; Tsukimori, K; Ushigome, F, 2001) |
| "These data indicate that intrauterine growth retardation has profound effects on postnatal growth and metabolism." | 5.27 | Altered growth, hypoglycemia, hypoalaninemia, and ketonemia in the young rat: postnatal consequences of intrauterine growth retardation. ( Bussey, ME; Finley, S; LaBarbera, A; Ogata, ES, 1985) |
| " Ulipristal for uterine fibroids : market withdrawal due to risk of severe liver injury." | 5.12 | [Pharmacovigilance update]. ( Ekobena, P; Ivanyuk, A; Livio, F, 2021) |
| "Integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir (DTG), are associated with weight gain and obesity, especially when combined with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)." | 5.12 | The predicted risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes as a result of treatment-associated obesity in a hypothetical population receiving tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/dolutegravir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/dolutegravir or tenofovir dis ( Asif, S; Baxevanidi, E; Chandiwana, N; Fairlie, L; Hill, A; Masenya, M; Serenata, C; Sokhela, S; Venter, WDF, 2021) |
| "Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has recently been approved for chronic hepatitis B (CHB)." | 4.95 | Tenofovir alafenamide as compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in the management of chronic hepatitis B with recent trends in patient demographics. ( Hsu, YC; Nguyen, MH; Wei, MT, 2017) |
| "Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a prodrug of tenofovir (TFV), is included in the majority of the recommended first-line antiretroviral regimens for patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but there are limited data on TAF use in pregnant women." | 4.12 | Tenofovir Alafenamide Plasma Concentrations Are Reduced in Pregnant Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Data From the PANNA Network. ( Alba Alejandre, I; Bukkems, VE; Burger, D; Colbers, A; Garcia, C; Hidalgo Tenorio, C; Konopnicki, D; Lambert, JS; Necsoi, C; Richel, O; Te Brake, LHM; van der Meulen, E; van Hulzen, A; Weiss, F, 2022) |
| "Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a key component of HIV treatment, but pharmacokinetic data supporting the use of TAF during pregnancy are limited." | 4.12 | Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide With Boosted Protease Inhibitors in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Living With HIV: Results From IMPAACT P1026s. ( Barr, E; Best, BM; Brooks, KM; Browning, R; Capparelli, EV; Chakhtoura, N; Deville, JG; Febo, IL; George, K; Knowles, K; Mirochnick, M; Paul, ME; Pinilla, M; Rungruengthanakit, K; Shapiro, DE; Stek, AM, 2022) |
| " Female ICR mice were fed a control (20% casein), a low-protein (10% casein), a low-protein with 2% BCAAs or a low-protein with 2% alanine diet for 2 weeks before mating and then throughout pregnancy and lactation." | 4.12 | Effects of maternal branched-chain amino acid and alanine supplementation on growth and biomarkers of protein metabolism in dams fed a low-protein diet and their offspring. ( Choi, A; Choi, W; Kim, J; Ko, JW; Kwon, YH, 2022) |
| "Antenatal antiviral therapy (AVT) is effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB); tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is the preferred agent." | 4.12 | Plasma and breast milk pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide in mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection. ( Cottrell, M; Crane, H; Di Girolamo, J; Dumond, J; Gane, E; Kashuba, A; Kayes, T; Levy, MT; Lim, TH; Manandhar, S; Symonds, A, 2022) |
| "This study aims to investigate the effect of resveratrol on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and its effect on the gut microbiome profiles, thus contributing to the potential therapeutic strategies for ICP." | 4.12 | Resveratrol modulates the gut microbiota of cholestasis in pregnant rats. ( Lei, L; Li, Z; Ling, L; Liu, Y; Shao, Y; Xiong, Z, 2022) |
| "Few safety and effectiveness results have been published regarding the administration of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) during pregnancy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV)." | 4.02 | Tenofovir Alafenamide to Prevent Perinatal Hepatitis B Transmission: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study. ( Chen, ZM; Cui, GL; Ji, F; Li, GM; Li, J; Li, W; Li, ZQ; Liang, HX; Liu, YM; Lv, J; Pan, YJ; Sun, CY; Wang, FS; Xu, JH; Yu, ZJ; Zeng, QL; Zhang, DW; Zhang, GF, 2021) |
| "Heterozygous in frame trinucleotide duplications within the PHOX2B gene, leading to poly-alanine expansions, cause Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome." | 3.80 | Recurrence of CCHS associated PHOX2B poly-alanine expansion mutation due to maternal mosaicism. ( Bachetti, T; Ceccherini, I; Della Monica, M; Di Duca, M; Grappone, L; Scarano, G, 2014) |
| " Using a swine model, we tested the hypothesis that dietary L-arginine supplementation during gestation may improve pregnancy outcomes through enhancing placental growth and modulating hormonal secretions." | 3.78 | Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances placental growth and reproductive performance in sows. ( Chen, F; Gao, K; Jiang, Z; Lin, Y; Wu, G; Yang, L; Zheng, C; Zhou, G, 2012) |
| "2% (wt:wt) L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) throughout pregnancy (Expt." | 3.74 | Dietary arginine supplementation during early pregnancy enhances embryonic survival in rats. ( Fan, X; Li, P; Wang, F; Wang, J; Wu, G; Yang, W; Yin, Y; Zeng, X; Zhou, B, 2008) |
| "To evaluate the possible association between plasma total homocysteine or other amino acid concentrations and gestational diabetes or glucose intolerance (GI), in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women." | 3.73 | Are plasma total homocysteine and other amino acids associated with glucose intolerance in uncomplicated pregnancies and preeclampsia? ( Antònia Vilaseca, M; Gómez, E; Lailla, JM; López-Quesada, E, 2005) |
| "Most (85%) women received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during pregnancy (mean duration: 31 weeks) and zidovudine during labor (93%)." | 3.72 | Hyperlactatemia in human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected infants who are exposed to antiretrovirals. ( Artuch, R; Fortuny, C; Jimenez, R; Muñoz-Almagro, C; Noguera, A; Pou, J; Sanchez, E; Vilaseca, MA, 2004) |
| "To evaluate the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on placental amino acids uptake, transport activities for L-proline, L-leucine, and L-alanine were kinetically examined in placental microvillous vesicles(PMV) obtained from pregnant rats administered with EGF(100 and 200 microg/kg/day) from day 18 to 21 of pregnancy." | 3.71 | Effects of epidermal growth factor on placental amino acids uptake in pregnant rats. ( Bonkobara, M; Inaba, M; Matsuki, N; Ohmori, T; Ono, K; Thongsong, B, 2002) |
| "A specific gene mutation leading to altered homocysteine metabolism has been identified in parents and fetuses with neural tube defects (NTDs)." | 3.70 | Amniotic fluid homocysteine levels, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrafolate reductase genotypes, and neural tube closure sites. ( Acton, S; Cliver, S; Johanning, GL; Johnston, KE; Owen, J; Tamura, T; Wenstrom, KD, 2000) |
| "A mutation in the gene 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), leading to altered homocysteine metabolism, has been identified in parents and fetuses with fetal neural tube defects." | 3.70 | Role of amniotic fluid homocysteine level and of fetal 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrafolate reductase genotype in the etiology of neural tube defects. ( Acton, S; Johanning, GL; Johnston, KE; Owen, J; Tamura, T; Wenstrom, KD, 2000) |
| "To better define the glucose-alanine relationship and hepatic alanine metabolism during pregnancy, glucose and alanine turnover rates (TR) and simultaneous hepatic alanine uptake were determined in nine term pregnant (P) and 12 nonpregnant (NP) rabbits who had undergone chronic catheterization of both the systemic and hepatic circulations." | 3.69 | Plasma disposal rate and hepatic alanine metabolism in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits. ( Battaglia, FC; Briggs, K; Fennessey, PV; Thureen, PJ, 1995) |
| " Levels of the gluconeogenic precursors alanine and lactate were increased during pregnancy in both the women without IDDM (from 0." | 3.69 | Glucose turnover and gluconeogenesis during pregnancy in women with and without insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Bourque, J; Chiasson, JL; Ducros, F; el Achkar, GG; Maheux, P, 1997) |
| "At mid pregnancy (12th day) fed rats exhibit a drop of blood alanine level when the weight of the fetoplacental unit is still negligible." | 3.67 | Alanine turnover rate and its hepatic metabolism are increased in midpregnant rat. ( Champigny, O; Ferré, P; Girard, J; Pastor-Anglada, M; Remesar, X, 1988) |
| "In order to quantify the glucose-alanine relationship in normal human pregnancy, the turnover rates of alanine and the incorporation of alanine carbon into glucose were quantified in 15 pregnant women during the last 4 weeks of gestation following a ten-hour fast." | 3.67 | Glucose-alanine relationship in normal human pregnancy. ( Gilfillan, CA; Kalhan, SC; Savin, SM; Tserng, KY, 1988) |
| "The participation of the liver to the increase in alanine utilization seen at midpregnancy was studied in 9- and 12-day pregnant rats." | 3.67 | Alanine uptake by liver at midpregnancy in rats. ( Bourdel, G; Pastor-Anglada, M; Remesar, X, 1987) |
| "L-Alanosine [L-2-amino-3(N-hydroxy-N-nitrosamino)propionic acid], a tumor-inhibiting agent, induces pregnancy arrest after single or multiple SC or PO administration to rats and hamsters." | 3.67 | Contragestational profile of the tumor-inhibiting agent, L-alanosine, in the rat and the hamster. ( Assandri, A; Barone, D; Galliani, G; Grandi, M; Lancini, GC; Mistrello, G, 1985) |
| "Pancreatic alpha cell response to oral alanine was assessed in the third trimester of pregnancy and in the puerperium in 16 insulin-dependent diabetic and 7 normal pegnant women." | 3.66 | Pancreatic alpha cell response to alanine during and after normal and diabetic pregnancies. ( Aoki, TT; Gleason, R; Hare, JW; Jewett, JF; Kitzmiller, JL; Soeldner, JS; Tabatabaii, A; Tanenberg, RJ, 1980) |
| "The time-courses of liver glycogen, plasma glucose, lactate, alanine and glycerol concentrations in term and preterm rats undergoing hypothermia (30 degrees C) during the first 2 h after delivery have been studied." | 3.66 | Prematurity in the rat. II. Effect of hypothermia. ( Benito, M; Cuezva, JM; Medina, JM; Moreno, FJ, 1980) |
| " Permanent metabolic acidosis due to lactic acidemia as well as hyperpyruvic acidemia and hyperalaninemia were present." | 3.66 | [Pyruvate-dehydrogenase deficiency. Lethal course of the disease during infancy (author's transl)]. ( Becker, K; Berger, R; Bremer, HJ; Przyrembel, H; Walther, B; Wendel, U, 1978) |
| "The responses of plasma insulin and the C-peptide of proinsulin, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and alanine to a beta2-adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) were determined in 5 patients during the last trimester of pregnancy before labor." | 3.65 | The immediate effect of a beta-adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during the third trimester of pregnancy. ( Joelsson, I; Larsson, A; Lunell, NO; Persson, B, 1977) |
| "To determine if pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones can be implicated in the glucose fall of pregnancy, we have measured plasma immunoreactive insulin and glucagon (IRI and IRG) in rats." | 3.65 | Plasma glucagon and insulin in rat pregnancy. Roles in glucose homeostasis. ( Finkowski, M; Knopp, RH; Saudek, CD, 1975) |
| " Rats were mated and at weekly intervals during pregnancy and lactation, and after weaning, the dipeptidase activity in the supernatant fraction from small intestinal mucosa extracts was determined for two dipeptides: glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase (EC 3." | 3.65 | Dipeptidase activity in the small intestinal mucosa during pregnancy and lactation in the rat. ( Rolls, BA, 1975) |
| "Fetal mice treated on days 10, 11, and 12 of gestation by injecting the mothers with (i) 50 milligrams of beta-2-thienylalanine, (ii) solvent, or (iii) sham injection had identical frequencies of audiogenic seizures when tested 23 days after birth; these frequencies were significantly higher than those of an unhandled control group." | 3.65 | Suceptibility of mice to audiogenic seizures is increased by handling their dams during gestation. ( Beck, SL; Gavin, DL, 1976) |
| " The effect of pregnancy on the glycemic response to exogenous alanine administration during starvation was also investigated." | 3.65 | Amino acid metabolism during starvation in human pregnancy. ( Felig, P; Hendler, R; Kim, YJ; Lynch, V, 1972) |
| "Pantetheine 4'-phosphate was significantly negatively associated with non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) and TC levels." | 1.91 | Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) exposure effect during pregnancy and lactation on lipid metabolism in rat offspring. ( Liu, Y; Luo, T; Meng, X; Yu, G; Zhang, J; Zhang, R, 2023) |
| "Glycine at 10-14 GW was inversely associated with GDM (adjusted OR [95% CI] per SD increment: 0." | 1.91 | Plasma Amino Acids in Early Pregnancy and Midpregnancy and Their Interplay With Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Association With the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results From a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort. ( Bremer, AA; Chen, Z; Li, LJ; Lu, R; Pang, WW; Rahman, ML; Tekola-Ayele, F; Tsai, MY; Weir, NL; Wu, J; Yang, J; Zhang, C, 2023) |
| "Data on its use in pregnancy are limited." | 1.72 | Early Administration of Remdesivir and Intensive Care Unit Admission in Hospitalized Pregnant Individuals With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). ( Abdelwahab, M; Cackovic, M; Colburn, N; Costantine, MM; Day, S; Eid, J; Rood, KM, 2022) |
| "Pregnant women receiving TAF 10 mg with cobicistat or TAF 25 mg without boosting as part of clinical care had intensive pharmacokinetic assessments performed during the second and third trimesters, and 6-12 weeks postpartum." | 1.62 | Pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide with and without cobicistat in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV. ( Barr, E; Best, BM; Brooks, KM; Capparelli, EV; Chakhtoura, N; Cielo, M; Denson, K; Deville, JG; Espina, R; Febo, IL; George, K; Haubrich, R; Mirochnick, M; Momper, JD; Pinilla, M; Rooney, JF; Rungruengthanakit, K; Shapiro, DE; Smith, E; Stek, AM; Weinberg, A, 2021) |
| "Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to community standards." | 1.62 | Early pregnancy metabolites predict gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for fetal programming. ( Gornbein, JA; Koos, BJ, 2021) |
| " No severe adverse effects were reported in either mothers or infants." | 1.56 | Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate for preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a national cohort study. ( Cao, L; Chen, B; Chen, R; Ding, Y; Fan, J; Gan, W; Huang, Y; Lin, C; Liu, Y; Pan, CQ; Sheng, Q; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Zhu, L, 2020) |
| "In a sheep model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) produced from placental insufficiency, late gestation fetuses had smaller skeletal muscle mass, myofiber area, and slower muscle protein accretion rates compared with normally growing fetuses." | 1.51 | Skeletal muscle amino acid uptake is lower and alanine production is greater in late gestation intrauterine growth-restricted fetal sheep hindlimb. ( Baker, PR; Brown, LD; Chang, EI; D'Alessandro, A; Gilje, EA; Hay, WW; Reisz, JA; Rozance, PJ; Wesolowski, SR, 2019) |
| "Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a severe life-threatening autoimmune disease due to the development of autoantibodies that neutralize the procoagulant activity of factor VIII (FVIII)." | 1.38 | The IgG autoimmune response in postpartum acquired hemophilia A targets mainly the A1a1 domain of FVIII. ( Ali, T; Balicchi, J; Borg, JY; Cayzac, C; Granier, C; Gruel, Y; Lapalud, P; Lavigne-Lissalde, G; Levesque, H; Mathieu-Dupas, E; Pfeiffer, C; Schved, JF, 2012) |
| " However, it was not possible to generate dose-response curves whereas significant correlations of uptake values with T50 values were found." | 1.31 | The effect of oxytocin, prostaglandin E2 and acetylsalicylic acid on flow distribution and on the transfer of alanine, glucose and water in isolated perfused guinea pig placentae. ( Goepel, E; Niemax, K; Rybakowski, C; Schröder, HJ, 2000) |
| "Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant widely used for the treatment of epilepsy." | 1.31 | Uptake mechanism of valproic acid in human placental choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo). ( Matsuo, H; Nakano, H; Ohtani, H; Sawada, Y; Takanaga, H; Tsukimori, K; Ushigome, F, 2001) |
| "These data suggest that intrauterine growth retardation in dogs results in fasting neonatal hypoglycemia that is due in part to reduced systemic glucose production." | 1.28 | Alterations of fasting glucose and fat metabolism in intrauterine growth-retarded newborn dogs. ( Kliegman, RM, 1989) |
| "To elucidate the change in EPH gestosis placental amino acid transport activity, we investigated the uptake of L-alanine into microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from EPH gestosis placenta and from normal placenta by using a rapid filtration technique." | 1.27 | [The changes in EPH gestosis placental amino acid transport activity (using human placental microvillous membrane vesicles)]. ( Akazaki, M; Hino, K; Ichijo, M; Iioka, H; Itani, Y; Itoh, K; Katoh, Y; Moriyama, I; Okamura, Y, 1987) |
| "These data indicate that intrauterine growth retardation has profound effects on postnatal growth and metabolism." | 1.27 | Altered growth, hypoglycemia, hypoalaninemia, and ketonemia in the young rat: postnatal consequences of intrauterine growth retardation. ( Bussey, ME; Finley, S; LaBarbera, A; Ogata, ES, 1985) |
Research
Studies (344)
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 210 (61.05) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 32 (9.30) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 34 (9.88) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 28 (8.14) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 40 (11.63) | 2.80 |
Authors
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Kim, EH | 1 |
| Kim, YI | 1 |
| Jang, SG | 1 |
| Im, M | 1 |
| Jeong, K | 1 |
| Choi, YK | 1 |
| Han, HJ | 1 |
| Bukkems, VE | 1 |
| Necsoi, C | 1 |
| Hidalgo Tenorio, C | 1 |
| Garcia, C | 1 |
| Alba Alejandre, I | 1 |
| Weiss, F | 1 |
| Lambert, JS | 1 |
| van Hulzen, A | 1 |
| Richel, O | 1 |
| Te Brake, LHM | 1 |
| van der Meulen, E | 1 |
| Burger, D | 1 |
| Konopnicki, D | 1 |
| Colbers, A | 1 |
| Gandhi, RT | 1 |
| Malani, PN | 1 |
| Del Rio, C | 1 |
| Eid, J | 1 |
| Abdelwahab, M | 1 |
| Colburn, N | 1 |
| Day, S | 1 |
| Cackovic, M | 1 |
| Rood, KM | 1 |
| Costantine, MM | 1 |
| Brooks, KM | 3 |
| Pinilla, M | 2 |
| Stek, AM | 2 |
| Shapiro, DE | 2 |
| Barr, E | 2 |
| Febo, IL | 2 |
| Paul, ME | 1 |
| Deville, JG | 2 |
| George, K | 2 |
| Knowles, K | 1 |
| Rungruengthanakit, K | 2 |
| Browning, R | 1 |
| Chakhtoura, N | 3 |
| Capparelli, EV | 2 |
| Mirochnick, M | 3 |
| Best, BM | 2 |
| Choi, W | 1 |
| Kim, J | 1 |
| Ko, JW | 1 |
| Choi, A | 1 |
| Kwon, YH | 1 |
| Kayes, T | 1 |
| Crane, H | 1 |
| Symonds, A | 1 |
| Dumond, J | 1 |
| Cottrell, M | 1 |
| Di Girolamo, J | 1 |
| Manandhar, S | 1 |
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Clinical Trials (3)
Trial Overview
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Properties of Antiretroviral and Related Drugs During Pregnancy and Postpartum[NCT00042289] | 1,578 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2003-06-09 | Completed | |||
| Phase III Study of the Virologic Efficacy and Safety of Dolutegravir-Containing Versus Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens in HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women and Their Infants[NCT03048422] | Phase 3 | 643 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-01-19 | Completed | ||
| Do Preoperative Carbohydrate Drinks Prevent Preoperative Catabolism in Mothers Undergoing Elective Caesarean Section? A Randomised Controlled Study[NCT03220997] | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-08-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Trial Outcomes
Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Infant Plasma Washout Half-life (T1/2) of ARVs and TB Drugs
Infant plasma concentrations were collected and measured during the first 9 days of life. Half-life is defined as 0.693/k, where k, the elimination rate constant, is the slope of the decline in concentrations. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Infant plasma samples at 2-10, 18-28, 36-72 hours and 5-9 days after birth.
| Intervention | hour (Median) |
|---|---|
| DTG 50mg q.d. | 32.8 |
| EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d. | 7.6 |
| DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d. | NA |
| EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA) | 65.6 |
PK Parameter: Cord/Maternal Blood Concentration Ratio With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Cord blood and maternal plasma concentrations were collected and measured at delivery, and compared as a ratio. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at time of delivery with single cord blood and single maternal plasma sample.
| Intervention | unitless (Median) |
|---|---|
| DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d. | 0.15 |
| DTG 50mg q.d. | 1.25 |
| EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d. | 0.91 |
| DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d. | 0.07 |
| ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d. | 0.07 |
| TFV 300mg q.d. | 0.88 |
PK Parameter: Cord/Maternal Blood Concentration Ratio With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Cord blood and maternal plasma concentrations were collected and measured at delivery, and compared as a ratio. For arms with zero overall participants analyzed, samples were below the limit of quantification and ratios could not be calculated. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at time of delivery with single cord blood and single maternal plasma sample.
| Intervention | unitless (Median) |
|---|---|
| TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI | 0.97 |
| EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA) | 0.67 |
| EFV 600mg q.d. | 0.49 |
| LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/150mg b.i.d. Then 400/100mg b.i.d. | 0.2 |
| RAL 400mg b.i.d. | 1.5 |
| ETR 200mg b.i.d. | 0.52 |
| MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d. | 0.33 |
| ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d. | 0.14 |
| TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d. | 0.16 |
| NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. Then 1875mg b.i.d. Then 1250mg b.i.d. | 0.19 |
| IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (Only THA) | 0.12 |
| RPV 25mg q.d. | 0.55 |
| ATV/RTV 300/100mg q.d. or TFV/ATV/RTV 300/300/100mg q.d. | 0.18 |
| DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d. or DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d. | 0.18 |
Plasma Concentration for Contraceptives
Serum concentrations of the contraceptives. Note that no historical controls were provided by team pharmacologists and thus no comparisons were done for contraceptive concentrations in women using hormonal contraceptives and selected ARV drugs as compared to historical controls not using those ARV drugs. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 6-7 weeks after contraceptive initiation postpartum
| Intervention | pg/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| ATV/RTV/TFV 300/100/300mg q.d. With ENG | 604 |
| LPV/RTV 400/100 b.i.d. With ENG | 428 |
| EFV 600mg q.d. With ENG | 125 |
Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) of ARVs for Contraceptive Arms
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC12h (area-under-the-curve from 0 to 12 hours) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2-12 wks postpartum before contraceptive initiation and 6-7 wks after contraceptive initiation. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 0, 1, 2, 6, 8 and 12 hours post dosing.
| Intervention | mcg*hr/mL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Before contraceptive initiation | After contraceptive initiation | |
| LPV/RTV 400/100 b.i.d. With ENG | 115.97 | 100.20 |
Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) of ARVs for Contraceptive Arms
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC24h (area-under-the-curve from 0 to 24 hours) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2-12 wks postpartum before contraceptive initiation and 6-7 wks after contraceptive initiation. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 0, 1, 2, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post dosing.
| Intervention | mcg*hr/mL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Before contraceptive initiation | After contraceptive initiation | |
| ATV/RTV/TFV 300/100/300mg q.d. With ENG | 53.96 | 55.25 |
| EFV 600mg q.d. With ENG | 53.64 | 56.65 |
Number of Women Who Met PK Target of Area Under the Curve (AUC) for ARVs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC (area under the curve) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. See PK target in the Protocol Appendix V. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 (and 24) hours post dosing.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| EFV 600mg q.d. | 20 | 21 |
| MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d. | 8 | 7 |
Number of Women Who Met PK Target of Area Under the Curve (AUC) for ARVs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC (area under the curve) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. See PK target in the Protocol Appendix V. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 (and 24) hours post dosing.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/100mg q.d. | 1 | 12 | 12 |
| DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d. | 3 | 4 | 14 |
| DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d. | 7 | 16 | 22 |
| DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d. | 7 | 19 | 22 |
| DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d. | 9 | 19 | 22 |
| DTG 50mg q.d. | 9 | 20 | 23 |
| EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA) | 12 | 33 | 34 |
| ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d. | 8 | 29 | 27 |
| ETR 200mg b.i.d. | 5 | 13 | 7 |
| EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d. | 8 | 10 | 18 |
| FPV/RTV 700/100mg b.i.d. | 8 | 26 | 22 |
| IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (Only THA) | 10 | 19 | 26 |
| LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/150mg b.i.d. Then 400/100mg b.i.d. | 9 | 30 | 27 |
| ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d. | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. Then 1875mg b.i.d. Then 1250mg b.i.d. | NA | 15 | 14 |
| RAL 400mg b.i.d. | 11 | 33 | 30 |
| RPV 25mg q.d. | 14 | 26 | 25 |
| TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI | 15 | 23 | 22 |
| TAF 25mg q.d. | 13 | 23 | 24 |
| TAF 25mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV Boosting | 10 | 24 | 18 |
| TFV 300mg q.d. | 2 | 27 | 27 |
| TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/300/100mg q.d. | 1 | 11 | 12 |
| TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d. | 7 | 23 | 32 |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Infant Plasma Washout Concentration of ARVs and TB Drugs
Infant plasma concentrations were collected and measured during the first 9 days of life. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Blood samples were collected at 2-10, 18-28, 36-72 hours and 5-9 days after birth.
| Intervention | mcg/mL (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-10 hours after birth | 18-28 hours after birth | 36-72 hours after birth | 5-9 days after birth | |
| DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d. | 0.35 | 1.43 | 1.87 | 1.72 |
| DTG 50mg q.d. | 1.73 | 1.53 | 1.00 | 0.06 |
| EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA) | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d. | 0.132 | 0.032 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Geometric Mean (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Measured in 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hrs post dosing. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured in 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hrs post dosing.
| Intervention | ng*hour/mL (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d. | NA | 2717 | 3645 |
PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC12 (area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured in 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hrs post dosing.
| Intervention | mg*hour/L (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d. | 55.1 | 51.8 | 79.6 |
| DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d. | 45.8 | 45.9 | 61.7 |
| FPV/RTV 700/100mg b.i.d. | 43.50 | 32.15 | 51.60 |
| NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. Then 1875mg b.i.d. Then 1250mg b.i.d. | NA | 34.2 | 33.5 |
PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC12 (area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured in 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hrs post dosing.
| Intervention | mg*hour/L (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| ETR 200mg b.i.d. | 4.5 | 8.3 | 5.3 |
| IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (Only THA) | 14.9 | 16.1 | 27.1 |
| LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/150mg b.i.d. Then 400/100mg b.i.d. | 72 | 96 | 133 |
| RAL 400mg b.i.d. | 6.6 | 5.4 | 11.6 |
PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC24 (area under the curve from 0 to 24 hours) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post dosing.
| Intervention | mg*hour/L (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d. | 25.33 | 18.85 | 36.20 |
| ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/100mg q.d. | 88.2 | 41.9 | 57.9 |
| ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d. | 30.6 | 45.7 | 48.8 |
| DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d. | 50.00 | 42.05 | 95.55 |
| DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d. | 64.6 | 63.5 | 103.9 |
| DTG 50mg q.d. | 47.6 | 49.2 | 65.0 |
| EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA) | 47.30 | 60.02 | 62.70 |
| EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d. | 15.3 | 14.0 | 21.0 |
| TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI | 0.197 | 0.206 | 0.216 |
| TAF 25mg q.d. | 0.171 | 0.212 | 0.271 |
| TAF 25mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV Boosting | 0.181 | 0.257 | 0.283 |
| TFV 300mg q.d. | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.0 |
| TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/300/100mg q.d. | 14.5 | 28.8 | 39.6 |
| TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d. | 26.2 | 37.7 | 58.7 |
PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC24h (area-under-the-curve from 0 to 24 hours) were determined using the trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post dosing.
| Intervention | mg*hour/L (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| EFV 600mg q.d. | 55.4 | 58.3 |
PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. AUC24h (area-under-the-curve from 0 to 24 hours) were determined using the trapezoidal rule. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post dosing.
| Intervention | mg*hour/L (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| RPV 25mg q.d. | 1.969 | 1.669 | 2.387 |
PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.
| Intervention | mg/L (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| EFV 600mg q.d. | 5.44 | 5.10 |
PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.
| Intervention | mg/L (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d. | 2.82 | 2.20 | 3.90 |
| ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/100mg q.d. | NA | 3.6 | 4.1 |
| ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d. | 3.11 | 4.51 | 4.52 |
| DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d. | 4.59 | 3.67 | 7.04 |
| DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d. | 6.22 | 6.55 | 8.96 |
| DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d. | 5.64 | 5.53 | 7.78 |
| DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d. | 6.77 | 5.78 | 8.11 |
| DTG 50mg q.d. | 3.62 | 3.54 | 4.85 |
| EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA) | 3.87 | 5.13 | 4.41 |
| FPV/RTV 700/100mg b.i.d. | 5.61 | 5.12 | 6.75 |
| IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (Only THA) | 3.89 | 3.62 | 5.37 |
| NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. Then 1875mg b.i.d. Then 1250mg b.i.d. | NA | 5.1 | 5.0 |
| TFV 300mg q.d. | 0.250 | 0.245 | 0.298 |
| TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/300/100mg q.d. | 1.2 | 2.5 | 4.1 |
| TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d. | 2.73 | 3.56 | 5.43 |
PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.
| Intervention | mg/L (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| ETR 200mg b.i.d. | 0.70 | 1.01 | 0.63 |
| LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/150mg b.i.d. Then 400/100mg b.i.d. | 8.4 | 10.7 | 14.6 |
| RAL 400mg b.i.d. | 2.250 | 1.770 | 3.035 |
| RPV 25mg q.d. | 0.145 | 0.134 | 0.134 |
PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d. | 448 | 647 |
PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d. | 1447.1 | 1432.8 | 1713.1 |
| TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI | 80.4 | 91.2 | 98.2 |
| TAF 25mg q.d. | 69.7 | 96 | 133 |
| TAF 25mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV Boosting | 87.8 | 107 | 141 |
PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Geometric Mean (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 12h post-dose sample after an observed dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 12 hrs after an observed dose.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d. | 108 | 128 |
PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 12h post-dose sample after an observed dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation); 3rd trimester (30-38 gestation); and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum, depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 12 hrs after an observed dose.
| Intervention | mg/L (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d. | 2.84 | 2.52 | 4.51 |
| DRV/RTV 600/100mg b.i.d. | 2.12 | 2.22 | 2.51 |
| FPV/RTV 700/100mg b.i.d. | 2.12 | 1.64 | 2.87 |
| NFV Arm 2: 1250mg b.i.d. Then 1875mg b.i.d. Then 1250mg b.i.d. | NA | 0.47 | 0.52 |
PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 12h post-dose sample after an observed dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation); 3rd trimester (30-38 gestation); and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks, or 6-12 wks postpartum, depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 12 hrs after an observed dose.
| Intervention | mg/L (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| ETR 200mg b.i.d. | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.38 |
| IDV/RTV Arm 2: 400/100mg q.d. (Only THA) | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.28 |
| LPV/RTV Arm 3: 400/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/150mg b.i.d. Then 400/100mg b.i.d. | 3.7 | 5.1 | 7.2 |
| RAL 400mg b.i.d. | 0.0621 | 0.064 | 0.0797 |
PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
"Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 24h post-dose sample after an observed dose.~For the TAF 25 mg q.d., 10 mg q.d. w/COBI, and 25 mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV boosting arms, samples were all below the limit of quantification and statistical analyses were not conducted." (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 24 hrs after an observed dose.
| Intervention | mg/L (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d. | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.61 |
| ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/100mg q.d. | 2.0 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d. | 0.49 | 0.71 | 0.90 |
| DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d. | 0.33 | 0.27 | 1.43 |
| DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d. | 0.99 | 1.17 | 2.78 |
| DTG 50mg q.d. | 0.73 | 0.93 | 1.28 |
| EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA) | 1.49 | 1.48 | 1.94 |
| EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d. | 0.0258 | 0.0487 | 0.3771 |
| TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI | 0.00195 | 0.00195 | 0.00195 |
| TAF 25mg q.d. | 0.00195 | 0.00195 | 0.00195 |
| TAF 25mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV Boosting | 0.00195 | 0.00195 | 0.00195 |
| TFV 300mg q.d. | 0.039 | 0.054 | 0.061 |
| TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/300/100mg q.d. | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d. | 0.44 | 0.57 | 1.26 |
PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 24h post-dose sample after an observed dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 24 hrs after an observed dose.
| Intervention | mg/L (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| EFV 600mg q.d. | 1.60 | 2.05 |
PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Trough concentration was the measured concentration from the 24h post-dose sample after an observed dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm. Trough concentration was measured 24 hrs after an observed dose.
| Intervention | mg/L (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Trimester | 3rd Trimester | Postpartum | |
| RPV 25mg q.d. | 0.063 | 0.056 | 0.081 |
Change in Maternal Weight Antepartum
Change in maternal antepartum weight per week based on generalized estimating equations (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Baseline through before delivery (up to one day prior)
| Intervention | kg/week (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | 0.378 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | 0.319 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 0.291 |
Change in Maternal Weight Overall
Change in maternal weight per week based on generalized estimating equations (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Baseline to 50 weeks postpartum
| Intervention | kg/week (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | -0.027 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | -0.050 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | -0.084 |
Change in Maternal Weight Postpartum
Change in maternal postpartum weight per week based on generalized estimating equations (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Delivery to 50 weeks postpartum
| Intervention | kg/week (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | 0.014 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | -0.008 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | -0.032 |
Count of Infants With HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations at the Time of Infant HIV Diagnosis
Count of infants with HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance mutations (to any antiretroviral drug) at the time of infant HIV diagnosis, based on laboratory blood test results. (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: From birth through 50 weeks postpartum
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 Infants | 1 |
| Arm 2 Infants | 0 |
| Arm 3 Infants | 1 |
Cumulative Probability of Infant Deaths
The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of infant deaths from birth through 50 weeks after birth. (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Birth through 50 weeks after birth
| Intervention | Cumulative probability per 100 persons (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 Infants | 1.0 |
| Arm 2 Infants | 2.0 |
| Arm 3 Infants | 6.9 |
Cumulative Probability of Infant HIV-infection
The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of infants acquiring HIV-1 infection from birth through 50 weeks after birth based on nucleic acid test results. (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Birth through 50 weeks after birth
| Intervention | Cumulative probability per 100 persons (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 Infants | 0.98 |
| Arm 2 Infants | 0.50 |
| Arm 3 Infants | 0.55 |
Cumulative Probability of Infants Experiencing Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Event
The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of infants experiencing grade 3 or higher adverse events, including events resulting in death due to any cause. (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Birth through Week 50 postpartum
| Intervention | Cumulative probability per 100 persons (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arms 1 and 2 Infants | 26.8 |
| Arm 3 Infants | 30.9 |
Cumulative Probability of Infants Experiencing Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Event
The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of infants experiencing grade 3 or higher adverse events, including events resulting in death due to any cause. (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: From birth through Week 50 postpartum
| Intervention | Cumulative probability per 100 persons (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 Infants | 25.3 |
| Arm 2 Infants | 28.6 |
| Arm 3 Infants | 30.9 |
Cumulative Probability of Women Experiencing Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Event
"The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of women experiencing grade 3 or higher adverse events, including events resulting in death due to any cause.~Time to first maternal grade 3 or higher adverse event was defined as the first grade 3 or higher adverse event that occurred after randomization and before 74 weeks of follow-up. The timeframe of 74 weeks was determined by adding up 56 weeks of postpartum follow-up to the mean duration of antepartum follow-up, which was 18 weeks." (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 74 weeks
| Intervention | Cumulative probability per 100 persons (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | 25.1 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | 30.8 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 27.9 |
| Arms 1 and 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF and DTG+FTC/TDF | 27.9 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 27.9 |
Maternal Change in Creatinine Clearance
Maternal change in creatinine clearance per week based on generalized estimating equations (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Baseline to 50 weeks postpartum
| Intervention | mL/min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | -0.980 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | -0.887 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | -0.935 |
Percentage of Infants Born Small for Gestational Age
Percentage of infants born small for gestational age (<10th percentile adjusted for sex assigned at birth) based on Intergrowth 21st Standards (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Birth
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 Infants | 16.3 |
| Arm 2 Infants | 22.5 |
| Arm 3 Infants | 20.5 |
Percentage of Mother-infant Pairs With an Adverse Pregnancy Outcome
Percentage of mother-infant pairs with an adverse pregnancy outcome. Adverse pregnancy outcome includes spontaneous abortion (<20 weeks gestation), stillbirth (≥20 weeks gestation), preterm delivery (<37 completed weeks), or small for gestational age (<10th percentile by INTERGROWTH 21st Standards) (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | percentage of mother-infant pairs (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | 24.1 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | 32.9 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 32.7 |
Percentage of Mother-Infant Pairs With an Adverse Pregnancy Outcome
Percentage of mother-infant pairs with an adverse pregnancy outcome. Adverse pregnancy outcome includes spontaneous abortion (<20 weeks gestation), stillbirth (≥20 weeks gestation), preterm delivery (<37 completed weeks), or small for gestational age (<10th percentile per INTERGROWTH 21st Standards) (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | percentage of mother-infant pairs (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arms 1 and 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF and DTG+FTC/TDF | 28.4 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 32.7 |
Percentage of Mother-infant Pairs With an Adverse Pregnancy Outcome or Major Congenital Anomaly
Percentage of mother-infant pairs with an adverse pregnancy outcome or major congenital anomaly. Adverse pregnancy outcomes include spontaneous abortions (<20 weeks gestation), stillbirths (≥20 weeks gestation), preterm deliveries (<37 weeks gestation), and infants small for gestational age (<10th percentile per INTERGROWTH 21st Standards). Major congenital anomaly was defined consistent with the definition of malformation provided by Holmes and Westgate (i.e., a structural abnormality with surgical, medical, or cosmetic importance) and evaluated by an internal study team blinded to treatment arm. (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Delivery through 50 weeks postpartum
| Intervention | percentage of mother-infant pairs (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | 24.1 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | 32.9 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 33.2 |
Percentage of Mother-Infant Pairs With Preterm Deliveries
Percentage of mother-infant pairs with preterm deliveries (<37 weeks gestation) resulting in live born infant (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | 5.8 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | 9.4 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 12.1 |
Percentage of Mothers With HIV-1 ARV Drug Resistance Mutations at the Time of Maternal Virologic Failure
Percentage of mothers with HIV-1 antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance mutations at the time of maternal virologic failure. Virologic failure was defined as two consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA viral loads <200 copies/mL on or after 24 weeks on study. Drug resistance mutations were assessed using the Stanford algorithm, and all ARV regimens were assessed for mutations. (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: From 24 weeks after randomization through Week 50 postpartum
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | 0.92 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | 1.86 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 6.16 |
Percentage of Mothers With HIV-1 RNA Less Than 200 Copies/mL at 50 Weeks Postpartum
Percentage of mothers with HIV-1 RNA less than 200 copies/mL at 50 weeks postpartum using real-time test results obtained from site laboratories (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: 50 weeks postpartum
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arms 1 and 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF and DTG+FTC/TDF | 96.3 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 96.4 |
Percentage of Mothers With HIV-1 RNA Less Than 50 Copies/mL at Delivery Measured at Central Laboratory
Percentage of mothers with HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/mL at delivery using batched test results obtained from central laboratory (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arms 1 and 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF and DTG+FTC/TDF | 94.4 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 78.8 |
Percentage of Mothers With Virologic Success of HIV-1 RNA Less Than 200 Copies/mL at 50 Weeks Postpartum Based on FDA Snapshot Algorithm
Percentage of mothers with virologic success of HIV-1 RNA less than 200 copies/mL at 50 weeks postpartum based on FDA snapshot algorithm using real-time test results obtained from site laboratories (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: 50 weeks postpartum
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | 75.6 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | 77.7 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 76.3 |
Percentage of Mothers With Virologic Success of HIV-1 RNA Less Than 200 Copies/mL at Delivery Based on FDA Snapshot Algorithm
Percentage of mothers with virologic success of HIV-1 RNA less than 200 copies/mL at delivery based on FDA snapshot algorithm using real-time test results obtained from site laboratories (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF | 88.9 |
| Arm 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TDF | 92.6 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 81.0 |
Time to First HIV-1 RNA Less Than 200 Copies/mL Through Delivery
Time to first viral HIV-1 RNA less than 200 copies/mL through delivery, determined using real-time results obtained from site laboratories (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Randomization to delivery
| Intervention | weeks (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arms 1 and 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF and DTG+FTC/TDF | 4.26 |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 6.49 |
Infant Creatinine Clearance
Infant creatinine clearance based on Schwartz formula (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Delivery and 26 weeks postpartum
| Intervention | mL/min (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Delivery | 26 Weeks Postpartum | |
| Arm 1 Infants | 52.7 | 134.8 |
| Arm 2 Infants | 53.1 | 123.6 |
| Arm 3 Infants | 49.0 | 135.0 |
Percentage of Mothers With HIV-1 RNA Viral Load Less Than 200 Copies/mL at Delivery
Percentage of mothers with plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load less than 200 copies/mL at delivery determined using real-time test results obtained at site laboratories. This outcome was evaluated in the non-inferiority (primary outcome) and superiority (secondary outcome) analyses. The intention-to-treat analysis included all randomized women who had viral load data available. The per-protocol analysis excluded women who modified randomized treatment (stopped, paused, switched, added any treatment) before viral load evaluation at delivery, with the exception of women who modified randomized treatment for use of a concomitant medication. (NCT03048422)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Intention-to-Treat Analysis | Per-Protocol Analysis | |
| Arm 3: Maternal EFV/FTC/TDF | 91.0 | 91.4 |
| Arms 1 and 2: Maternal DTG+FTC/TAF and DTG+FTC/TDF | 97.5 | 97.5 |
Reviews
20 reviews available for alanine and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Tenofovir alafenamide use in pregnant and lactating women living with HIV.
Topics: Adenine; Alanine; Anti-HIV Agents; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Lactation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy C | 2020 |
Safety profile of the antiviral drug remdesivir: An update.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Female; Humans; | 2020 |
New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Remdesivir Treatment for COVID-19.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Breast Feeding; Clinical Trials as Topi | 2020 |
[Pharmacovigilance update].
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Cleft Lip; Contraindications, Drug; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Cytok | 2021 |
The predicted risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes as a result of treatment-associated obesity in a hypothetical population receiving tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/dolutegravir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/dolutegravir or tenofovir dis
Topics: Alanine; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Cyclopropanes; Emtricitabine; Female; Heterocyclic | 2021 |
A review of remdesivir for COVID-19 in pregnancy and lactation.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Breast Feeding; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Female; | 2021 |
Tenofovir alafenamide as compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in the management of chronic hepatitis B with recent trends in patient demographics.
Topics: Adenine; Age Factors; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Bone Density; Clinical Decision-Making; Female; Glo | 2017 |
KIFC1: a promising chemotherapy target for cancer treatment?
Topics: Alanine; Antineoplastic Agents; Centrosome; DNA; Female; Humans; Kinesins; Mitosis; Molecular Target | 2016 |
Biosynthesis of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH): present status.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Estrus; Female; Glycine; Hybridization, Genetic; Hypothalamus; Molecular Weight; O | 1983 |
Hormonal regulation of protein degradation in skeletal and cardiac muscle.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Alanine; Animals; Corticosterone; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Epinephrine; Fasti | 1981 |
Nutrition in pregnancy.
Topics: Alanine; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Huma | 1979 |
The development and function of the endocrine pancreas of fetuses and infants born to normal and diabetic mothers.
Topics: Alanine; Arginine; Blood Glucose; Female; Glucagon; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infa | 1986 |
Maternal factors modulating nutrient transfer to fetus.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Female; Glycerol; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pre | 1987 |
Etiology and pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Dietary Proteins; Female; Glucagon; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hum | 1985 |
On the development of amino acid transport systems.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arginine; Binding Sites; Bio | 1973 |
The glucose-alanine cycle.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glucagon; Glucocorticoids; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose | 1973 |
Starvation in pregnancy: metabolic changes.
Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Acidosis; Alanine; Amino Acids; Amniocentesis; Amniotic Fluid; Blood; Blood G | 1973 |
Biochemistry of hypogylcin.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Crystallization; Cyclopropanes; | 1974 |
Metabolic adaptation to pregnancy.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Alanine; Amniotic Fluid; Blood Glucose; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Fetus | 1974 |
[New etiologic approach to periodic ketoacidosis in children].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Butyrates; Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ch | 1971 |
Trials
5 trials available for alanine and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2
Topics: Adenine; Adult; Alanine; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Emtricitabine; Female; Gestatio | 2021 |
Efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in preventing HBV vertical transmission of high maternal viral load.
Topics: Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Female; Fumarates; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Infan | 2021 |
Evaluation of adalimumab effects in managing severe cases of COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Aged; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19 Drug Treatment | 2021 |
Prenatal Maternal Stress from a Natural Disaster Alters Urinary Metabolomic Profiles in Project Ice Storm Participants.
Topics: Adolescent; Alanine; Biomarkers; Cold Temperature; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Ketone Bodies; | 2018 |
Management of the pregnant diabetic: home or hospital, with or without glucose meters?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Blood Glucose; Blood Specimen Collection; Diabetes Mellitus; Evaluation | 1980 |
Other Studies
319 other studies available for alanine and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Antiviral effects of human placenta hydrolysate (Laennec
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Chlorocebus aethiops; COVID-19 Drug Tre | 2021 |
Tenofovir Alafenamide Plasma Concentrations Are Reduced in Pregnant Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Data From the PANNA Network.
Topics: Adenine; Alanine; Anti-HIV Agents; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; T | 2022 |
COVID-19 Therapeutics for Nonhospitalized Patients.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antiv | 2022 |
Early Administration of Remdesivir and Intensive Care Unit Admission in Hospitalized Pregnant Individuals With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Intensiv | 2022 |
Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide With Boosted Protease Inhibitors in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Living With HIV: Results From IMPAACT P1026s.
Topics: Adenine; Adult; Alanine; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiviral Agents; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Postpart | 2022 |
Effects of maternal branched-chain amino acid and alanine supplementation on growth and biomarkers of protein metabolism in dams fed a low-protein diet and their offspring.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Caseins; Diet, High-Fat; Die | 2022 |
Plasma and breast milk pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide in mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection.
Topics: Adenine; Adult; Alanine; Anti-HIV Agents; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B, Chronic; HIV Infections; | 2022 |
Remdesivir impairs mouse preimplantation embryo development at therapeutic concentrations.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Animals; Blastocyst; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Embryonic Developmen | 2022 |
Screening models combining maternal characteristics and multiple markers for the early prediction of preeclampsia in pregnancy: a nested case-control study.
Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Alanine; alpha-L-Fucosidase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Case-Control | 2022 |
HBV in pregnancy: time to consider tenofovir alafenamide (TAF).
Topics: Adenine; Alanine; Female; Hepatitis B virus; HIV Infections; Humans; Pregnancy; Tenofovir | 2022 |
Tenofovir Alafenamide use in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: more data needed.
Topics: Adenine; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hu | 2022 |
Resveratrol modulates the gut microbiota of cholestasis in pregnant rats.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestasis; Cholestasi | 2022 |
Plasma Amino Acids in Early Pregnancy and Midpregnancy and Their Interplay With Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Association With the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results From a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort.
Topics: Alanine; Amines; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Diabetes, Gestational; Fatty Acids; Female; Glutamates; | 2023 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics study may differentiate pre-eclampsia from gestational hypertension.
Topics: Alanine; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Magnetic Resonanc | 2023 |
Untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics to assess plasma metabolite changes in dairy goats with subclinical hyperketonemia.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Alanine; Animals; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; K | 2023 |
Discrimination of blood metabolomics profiles in neonates with idiopathic polyhydramnios.
Topics: Alanine; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Cesarean Section; Child; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Glutama | 2023 |
Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) exposure effect during pregnancy and lactation on lipid metabolism in rat offspring.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; | 2023 |
[Analysis of the difference in metabolites and gene expressions between pre-receptive and receptive endometria].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Carnitine; Endometrium; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Infertility, Female; | 2023 |
Skeletal muscle amino acid uptake is lower and alanine production is greater in late gestation intrauterine growth-restricted fetal sheep hindlimb.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetus; Hindlimb; Lower Extremity; M | 2019 |
Protect Pregnant and Lactating Women with COVID-19 Through Research, Not from Research.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Breast Feeding; Coronavirus Inf | 2020 |
Tocilizumab and Remdesivir in a Pregnant Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Alanine; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antiviral Agents; Betaco | 2020 |
Early pregnancy metabolites predict gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for fetal programming.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Arginine; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes, Gestational; Diet Therapy; Dopa | 2021 |
Use of remdesivir for pregnant patients with severe novel coronavirus disease 2019.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Female; | 2020 |
Compassionate use of remdesivir for treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women at a United States academic center.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Decision-Making; Compassionate U | 2020 |
Preferential use of dexamethasone for fetal lung maturation in severe coronavirus disease 2019.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Compassionate Use Trials; COVID-19; Dexam | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate for preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a national cohort study.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adenine; Adult; Alanine; Chemoprevention; China; Cohort Studies; DNA, V | 2020 |
Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Pregnant Women With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Alanine; Compassionate Use Trials; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Female; | 2021 |
Pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide with and without cobicistat in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV.
Topics: Adenine; Adult; Alanine; Anti-HIV Agents; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; | 2021 |
Risk of congenital birth defects during COVID-19 pandemic: Draw attention to the physicians and policymakers.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antimalarials; Antiviral Agents; Congenital Abnormalities; COVID-1 | 2020 |
Tenofovir Alafenamide to Prevent Perinatal Hepatitis B Transmission: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study.
Topics: Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newbor | 2021 |
Remdesivir (Veklury) for COVID-19.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; COVID-19 Drug T | 2020 |
Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 in pregnancy.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Female; Humans; | 2021 |
Assessing Exposome Effects on Pregnancy through Urine Metabolomics of a Portuguese (Estarreja) Cohort.
Topics: Aconitic Acid; Adult; Air Pollutants; Alanine; Allantoin; Chemical Industry; Citric Acid; Cohort Stu | 2018 |
A carnivore embryo's perspective on essential amino acids and ammonium in culture medium: effects on the development of feline embryos.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids, Essential; Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Blastocyst; Cats; Culture Media; Dieta | 2018 |
THE ROLE OF PRO12ALA POLYMORPHISM OF THE PPAR-Γ GENE IN THE GENESIS OF THE GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN.
Topics: Alanine; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Female; Genotype; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Insulin; Pol | 2018 |
Supplementation of sows with
Topics: Alanine; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Arginine; Birth Weight; D | 2019 |
Recurrence of CCHS associated PHOX2B poly-alanine expansion mutation due to maternal mosaicism.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Alanine; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Female; Genetic Counseling; Germ-Line Mu | 2014 |
The influence of maternal disease on metabolites measured as part of newborn screening.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Alanine; Biomarkers; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Multivaria | 2013 |
Oxidative stress decreases uptake of neutral amino acids in a human placental cell line (BeWo cells).
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids, Neutral; Cell Line; Female; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylinositol 3-K | 2013 |
Type 2 deiodinase Thr92Ala polymorphism is associated with disrupted placental activity but not with dysglycemia or adverse gestational outcomes: a genetic association study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Genetic Association Stud | 2014 |
Characterization of the serum metabolic profile of dairy cows with milk fever using 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Alanine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Female; Gl | 2014 |
Adaptation of in vivo amino acid kinetics facilitates increased amino acid availability for fetal growth in adolescent and adult pregnancies alike.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Blood Proteins; Female; Glutamine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; | 2014 |
Incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into the developing murine proteome.
Topics: Alanine; Alkynes; Amino Acids; Animals; Embryonic Development; Female; Glycine; Methionine; Mice; Pr | 2016 |
First Newborn Baby to Receive Experimental Therapies Survives Ebola Virus Disease.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antiviral Agents; Blood; Female; Hemorrhag | 2017 |
Over-expression of the potassium channel Kir2.3 using the dopamine-1 receptor promoter selectively inhibits striatal neurons.
Topics: Alanine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cnidarian Venoms; Corpus Striatum; Embryo, Mammalian; Female | 2008 |
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY 294002 inhibits GlyT1-mediated glycine uptake.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Androstadienes; Animals; Biological Transport; Blott | 2008 |
Dietary arginine supplementation during early pregnancy enhances embryonic survival in rats.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Embryo Implantation; Embryo Loss | 2008 |
Breast-feeding modifies the association of PPARgamma2 polymorphism Pro12Ala with growth in early life: the Generation R Study.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Body Weight; Breast Feeding; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2009 |
Enterocin C, a class IIb bacteriocin produced by E. faecalis C901, a strain isolated from human colostrum.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteriocin Plasmids; Bacteriocins; Base Sequen | 2009 |
The uterine placental bed Renin-Angiotensin system in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy.
Topics: Alanine; Angiotensin I; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Down-Regulation; Female; Ge | 2009 |
Imidazole-based erythrocyte markers of oxidative stress in preeclampsia--an NMR investigation.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Biomarkers; Ergothioneine; Erythrocytes; Female; Histidine; Humans; Magnetic Resonan | 2009 |
Quantitative metabolic profiles of 2nd and 3rd trimester human amniotic fluid using (1)H HR-MAS spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amniotic Fluid; Betaine; Biomarkers; Citric Acid; Creatinine; Female; Glucose; Human | 2009 |
Interaction of maternal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism with fetal sex affects maternal glycemic control during pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Blood Glucose; Female; Fetus; Genetic Predisposition to Dis | 2010 |
Computational modelling of amino acid transfer interactions in the placenta.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acids; Biological Transport; Computer Simulation; Femal | 2010 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma polymorphism and periodontitis in pregnant Japanese women.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Plaque; DNA Mutational Analysis; F | 2010 |
Ala16Val SOD2 polymorphism is associated with higher pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization cycles.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Base Sequence; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fertilization | 2011 |
Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances placental growth and reproductive performance in sows.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animals; Arginine; Birth Weight; Dietary Supplements; Estradiol; | 2012 |
First-trimester prediction of preeclampsia using metabolomic biomarkers: a discovery phase study.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Area Under Curve; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gestational A | 2011 |
Influence of Val16Ala SOD2 polymorphism on the in-vitro effect of clomiphene citrate in oxidative metabolism.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Clomiphene; Female; Fertili | 2012 |
A brain aggregate model gives new insights into the pathobiology and treatment of prion diseases.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Azepines; Brain; Cathepsin D; Dendrites; Disease Models, Animal; Embryo, Mammalian | 2012 |
The IgG autoimmune response in postpartum acquired hemophilia A targets mainly the A1a1 domain of FVIII.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine; Factor VIII; Female; Hemophilia A; Humans; Immunoglobulin G | 2012 |
Nicotine exposure during adolescence leads to short- and long-term changes in spike timing-dependent plasticity in rat prefrontal cortex.
Topics: Action Potentials; Age Factors; Aging; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bridged Bicy | 2012 |
Are alanine, cysteine, glycine and valine amino acids the cause of non-immune hydrops fetalis?
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amniocentesis; Amniotic Fluid; Cysteine; Female; Glycine; Humans; Hydrops Fetalis; P | 2012 |
The role of amino acids in spina bifida.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Amniocentesis; Amniotic Fluid; Cystathionine; Cysteine; Female; Gestati | 2012 |
Hb G Makassar (beta 6:Glu-Ala) in a Thai family.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Asian People; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Globins; Glutamic Acid; | 2002 |
Effects of epidermal growth factor on placental amino acids uptake in pregnant rats.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embry | 2002 |
Amino acid turnover by elongating cattle blastocysts recovered on days 14-16 after insemination.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Blastocyst; Cattle; Culture Techniques; Embryonic and Fetal | 2002 |
Hypoxia alters expression and function of syncytin and its receptor during trophoblast cell fusion of human placental BeWo cells: implications for impaired trophoblast syncytialisation in pre-eclampsia.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Base Sequence; Cell Fusion; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line; Colfo | 2003 |
Glutamine synthesis in the developing porcine placenta.
Topics: 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide); Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Amino Acids; Amino | 2004 |
Insulin action during late pregnancy in the conscious dog.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Consciousness; Dogs; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Gluconeogene | 2004 |
Forkhead l2 is expressed in the ovary and represses the promoter activity of the steroidogenic acute regulatory gene.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Animals, Outbred Strains; DNA-Binding Proteins; Female; Forkhead Box Protein L2; F | 2004 |
Hyperlactatemia in human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected infants who are exposed to antiretrovirals.
Topics: Alanine; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Didanosine; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seronegativi | 2004 |
Are plasma total homocysteine and other amino acids associated with glucose intolerance in uncomplicated pregnancies and preeclampsia?
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Homocysteine; Human | 2005 |
The relationship between changes in serum glycine and alanine concentrations in non-essential amino acid and milk production in the transition period in dairy cows.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Female; Glycine; Lactation; P | 2005 |
The recycling of carbon in glucose, lactate and alanine in sheep.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Female; Glucose; Lact | 2005 |
Is there a folate-related gene-environment interaction in the etiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
Topics: Alanine; Bone Marrow; Child; Child, Preschool; Cysteine; Dietary Supplements; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; | 2006 |
Cortisol stimulates system A amino acid transport and SNAT2 expression in a human placental cell line (BeWo).
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Transport System A; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Li | 2006 |
The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on glucose/insulin metabolism interact with prenatal exposure to famine.
Topics: Aged; Alanine; Blood Glucose; DNA Primers; Female; Humans; Insulin; Male; Maternal Age; Netherlands; | 2006 |
Hepatic and muscle insulin action during late pregnancy in the dog.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Dogs; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Gl | 2007 |
Protective effect of noninherited maternal HLA-DR antigens on rheumatoid arthritis development.
Topics: Alanine; Alleles; Arginine; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspartic Acid; Child; Cohort Studies; Epitopes; F | 2007 |
Detection and identification of novel metabolomic biomarkers in preeclampsia.
Topics: Alanine; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ketoglutaric Ac | 2008 |
Free amino acids of human foetal and adult liver.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Autoanalysis; Cystine; Female; Fetus; Glutamates; Glycin | 1966 |
"Accelerated starvation" and the skipped breakfast in late normal pregnancy.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Alanine; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Fasting; Fatty Acids, Nonesterifie | 1982 |
Influence of sarcosine or N-methylalanine in position 7 on the antagonistic properties of [1-deaminopenicillamine]- and [1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentylmethylene-propionic acid)]-vasopressin.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Biological Assay; Drug Antagonism; Female; Indicators and Re | 1984 |
Prematurity in the rat. I. Fuels and gluconeogenic enzymes.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphatas | 1980 |
[Studies on the amino acid transport systems in the human placenta--L-alanine and L-leucine uptake by microvillous brush border membrane vesicles].
Topics: Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biological Transport; Chorionic Villi; Female; Humans; Leucine; Nucle | 1983 |
Effects of intravenous glycine infusion on plasma glucagon, insulin and metabolite concentrations in lambs before and after birth.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Glucagon; Glycine; Infusions, Parent | 1983 |
Severe hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in falciparum malaria.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Blood Glucose; Brain Diseases; C-Peptide; Child; | 1983 |
Synthesis of a novel class of heteroaromatic amino acids and their use in the preparation of analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Benzothiazoles; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Estrus; Female; Gonadotropin-Releas | 1984 |
Insulin resistance of late pregnancy does not include the liver.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Binding Sites; Female; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; In Vitro Techniques; Insul | 1984 |
Effects of the taurine transport antagonist, guanidinoethane sulfonate, and beta-alanine on the morphology of rat retina.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; beta-Alanine; Cats; Female; Microscopy, Electron; Pregnancy; Pre | 1983 |
Oxidation of alanine and beta-hydroxybutyrate in late gestation by zinc-restricted rats.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Alanine; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Diet; Female; Hydroxybutyrates; Oxidation-R | 1983 |
The irreversible loss of alanine and of glycine in fetal and sucking lambs.
Topics: Alanine; Animal Population Groups; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Fetus; Glycin | 1984 |
Hemoglobin A2 Fitzroy delta 142 Ala----Asp: a new delta-chain variant.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Chro | 1984 |
Glucose absorption by in vitro perfused colon of the fetal rat.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Biological Transport; Colon; Female; Fetus; Glucose; Intestinal Absorption; Micros | 1983 |
Purine de novo synthesis in liver and developing rat brain, and the effect of some inhibitors of purine nucleotide interconversion.
Topics: Aging; Alanine; Allopurinol; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azaserine; Brain; Fem | 1983 |
Metabolic consequences of fasting during Ramadan in pregnant and lactating women.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Africa, Western; Alanine; Blood Glucose; Energy Metabolism; Fasting; F | 1983 |
Fetal and maternal amino acid concentrations during fasting in the ewe.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Blood Glucose; Fasting; Female; Fetal Blood; Gluconeogenesis; Materna | 1984 |
[Amino acid transfer at the fetal surface of the trophoblast and the characterization of its carrier in the rat placenta in vivo].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Female; Fetal Blood; Glucose; Maternal-Fetal Ex | 1984 |
Inhibition of placental amino acid uptake in rats following acute and chronic ethanol exposure.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alanine; Alcoholism; Amino Acids; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Betaine; Cycloleucin | 1982 |
Method for the study of metabolite transfer from rat mother to fetus.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Arteries; Carbon Radioisotopes; Female; Glucose; Jugular Veins; Maternal-Fetal Exc | 1983 |
The utilization of lactic acid by sheep in late pregnancy.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Female; Lactates; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Pregnancy; Pregnancy | 1981 |
Alanine-stimulated insulin secretion in the fetal and neonatal lamb.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; Fetus; Glucose; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Pregnancy; S | 1980 |
Glucose kinetics in leprechaunism: accelerated fasting due to insulin resistance.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Alanine; Blood Glucose; Child, Preschool; Eating; Fasting; Female; Fetal Gr | 1980 |
Pancreatic alpha cell response to alanine during and after normal and diabetic pregnancies.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alanine; Blood Glucose; Female; Glucagon; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secr | 1980 |
Effect of endogenous insulin release on fetal alanine concentration and uptake.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Blood Glucose; Female; Fetus; Insulin; Pregnancy; Sheep; Tolbutamide | 1981 |
Effects of pregnancy and sex steroid administration on skeletal muscle metabolism in the rat.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Estradiol; Female; Glucose; Glycerol; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscles; Oxy | 1981 |
Diurnal variations in blood intermediary metabolites in mild gestational diabetic patients and the effect of a carbohydrate-restricted diet.
Topics: Alanine; Blood Glucose; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Ketone Bodies | 1982 |
Transport specificity for neutral and basic amino acids at maternal and fetal interfaces of the guinea-pig placenta.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Biological Transport; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Maternal | 1982 |
[Energy metabolism of newborn rats during the first hours of extrauterine life].
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Animals, Suckling; Blood Glucose; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids | 1982 |
Utilization of alanine by hypothyroid and growth hormone treated hypothyroid rats, their fetuses and progeny.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; Fetus; Gluconeogenesis; Growth Hormone; Hypothyroidism; | 1982 |
Fasting glucose production in the smaller of twins with epinephrine-deficient hypoglycemia.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Child; Child, Preschool; Epinephrine; Fasting; Fe | 1981 |
Metabolic response to starvation. I. Relative effects of pregnancy and sex steroid administration in the rat.
Topics: Acetoacetates; Alanine; Animals; Estradiol; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Hydroxybutyrates; Ke | 1981 |
An improved technique for perfusion of the guinea pig placenta in situ giving viable conditions demonstrated by placental transport of amino acids (L- and D-alanine).
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Biological Transport; Female; Guinea Pigs; Ouabain; Perfusion; Permeability; Place | 1981 |
Placental transfer of taurine in the rhesus monkey.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetal Blood; Infusions, Par | 1981 |
Utilization of L-alanine and L-glutamine by lactating mammary gland of the rat. A role for L-alanine as a lipogenic precursor.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Female; Glutamates; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Lactation; Lipids; Liver; Mamm | 1981 |
Substrate concentration changes during pregnancy in the conscious rat.
Topics: Alanine; Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Eating; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female | 1981 |
Prematurity in the rat. II. Effect of hypothermia.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Body Temperature Regulatio | 1980 |
Renal gluconeogenesis in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycerol; Glycine; | 1980 |
Placental metabolism and enzyme activities in diabetic pigs.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Alloxan; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Diabetes Mellitus, Exp | 1980 |
Influence of acidosis and lactate on protein degradation in adult and fetal hearts.
Topics: Acidosis; Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Female; Heart; Lactates; Male; | 1980 |
Stimulation of gluconeogenesis by cortisol in fetal rat liver in organ culture.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Female; Fetus; Gluconeogenesis; Hydrocortisone; Kinetics; Liver; Liver Glycogen; O | 1981 |
The transport of vitamin C in the isolated human near-term placenta.
Topics: Alanine; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Cytochalasin B; Dehyd | 1995 |
Isolation of syncytial microvillous membrane vesicles from human term placenta and their application in drug-nutrient interaction studies.
Topics: Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biological Transport; Calcium; Choline; Female; Food-Drug Interaction | 1995 |
Plasma disposal rate and hepatic alanine metabolism in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Catheterization; Fasting; Female; Glucose; Liver; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Ra | 1995 |
Thiocyanate ions selectively antagonize AMPA-evoked responses in Xenopus laevis oocytes microinjected with rat brain mRNA.
Topics: Alanine; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cell Me | 1993 |
Functional characterization of L-alanine transport in a placental choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo).
Topics: Alanine; beta-Alanine; Biological Transport; Choriocarcinoma; Colforsin; Female; Humans; Placenta; P | 1994 |
The effects of cocaine on neutral amino acid uptake by human placental basal membrane vesicles.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Binding Sites; Cell Membrane; Cocaine; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Huma | 1994 |
[The action of the fungicide alacide on the reproductive function of rats].
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estrus; Female; Fungicides, Industrial; Male; Pr | 1993 |
Conformational states of human placental glutathione transferase as probed by limited proteolysis.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Glutathione Transferase; | 1993 |
Cocaine inhibits alanine uptake by human placental microvillous membrane vesicles.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Binding Sites; Biological Transport, Active; Chorionic Villi; Cocaine; Culture Techn | 1993 |
Alanine and leucine transport in unfertilized pig oocytes and early blastocysts.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Blastocyst; Cell M | 1993 |
Tumour growth results in changes in placental amino acid transport in the rat: a tumour necrosis factor alpha-mediated effect.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; | 1996 |
Alanine transport across the human placental brush border membrane and the role of SH groups in carrier function.
Topics: 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate; Alanine; Biological Transport; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kinet | 1995 |
Cloning of the sodium-dependent, broad-scope, neutral amino acid transporter Bo from a human placental choriocarcinoma cell line.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals | 1996 |
Lack of effect of cocaine on lysine and alanine uptake in human placental villi or transfer in perfused human placenta.
Topics: Alanine; Biological Transport; Chorionic Villi; Cocaine; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Lysine; Placenta; | 1995 |
Intrauterine hypoxia-ischemia reduces phosphoinositide hydrolysis stimulated by metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cell Count; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cycloleucine; Enzyme Inhi | 1996 |
Effect of epidermal growth factor on placental amino acid transport and regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression of hepatocyte in rat.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Antibodies; Binding, Competitive; Biological T | 1996 |
Arrest of neuronal migration by excitatory amino acids in hamster developing brain.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Aging; Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Cell Differentiation; | 1996 |
Neutral amino acid transport in placental plasma membrane vesicles in the late pregnant rat. Evidence for a B0-like transport system.
Topics: Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; beta-Alanine; Biological Trans | 1997 |
Effect of number of pig embryos in the uterus on their survival and development and on maternal metabolism.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Fatty Acids, No | 1997 |
Glucose turnover and gluconeogenesis during pregnancy in women with and without insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Alanine; Carbon Isotopes; Deuterium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Estradiol; Fasting; Female; Glucagon | 1997 |
Free amino acid distribution inside the first trimester human gestational sac.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amniotic Fluid; Body Fluids; Female; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; | 1998 |
Proline, leucine, and alanine transport in placental microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from late gestational rats.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Biological Transport; Female; Kinetics; Leucine; Microscopy, Electron; Microvilli; | 1998 |
Relationship of fetal alanine uptake and placental alanine metabolism to maternal plasma alanine concentration.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Osmolar Concentration; Placenta; Pregnanc | 1998 |
The phenotype of ostensibly healthy women who are carriers for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Female; Glutamine; Heterozygote; Humans; | 1998 |
Amniotic fluid homocysteine levels, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrafolate reductase genotypes, and neural tube closure sites.
Topics: 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (FADH2); Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Amniotic Fluid; | 2000 |
Role of amniotic fluid homocysteine level and of fetal 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrafolate reductase genotype in the etiology of neural tube defects.
Topics: 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (FADH2); Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Amniotic Fluid; | 2000 |
1H NMR as a non-invasive probe of amniotic fluid in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Amniotic Fluid; Citric Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Glucose; Humans; | 1999 |
The effect of oxytocin, prostaglandin E2 and acetylsalicylic acid on flow distribution and on the transfer of alanine, glucose and water in isolated perfused guinea pig placentae.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspirin; Biological Transport, Active; Dinoprostone; Female; Glucose; Guinea Pigs; | 2000 |
Alterations in basal glucose metabolism during late pregnancy in the conscious dog.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Arteries; Blood Glucose; Dogs; | 2000 |
A serine/alanine polymorphism in the nucleotide-binding fold-2 of the sulphonylurea receptor-1 (S1369A) is associated with enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion during pregnancy.
Topics: Alanine; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Binding Sites; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Codon; Diabetes | 2000 |
Follicle-stimulating-hormone receptor and twinning.
Topics: Alanine; Female; Humans; Mutation; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Multiple; | 2001 |
Uptake mechanism of valproic acid in human placental choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo).
Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Alanine; Anticonvulsants; Biolo | 2001 |
Fetal hepatic and umbilical uptakes of glucogenic substrates during a glucagon-somatostatin infusion.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Arginine; Blood Glucose; Female; Fetal Blood; Gestational Age; Glucagon; Gluconeog | 2002 |
Presence of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation in Puerto Rican patients with neural tube defects.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hispani | 2002 |
[Effect of environment of the electric power plant Turów on the female body].
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase; | 1979 |
Activity staining for glutamate and alanine dehydrogenases in polyacrylamide gels of varying porosity. A study of bovine placental enzyme forms.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Animals; Cattle; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; G | 1979 |
Taurine and other free amino acids in milk of man and other mammals.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Ethanolamines; Female; Glutamates; Glutami | 1978 |
Fetal pancreatic glucagon responses in glucose-intolerant nonhuman primate pregnancy.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glucagon; Haplorhini; Levodopa; Macaca m | 1977 |
Sodium-dependent amino acid transport in preimplantation mouse embryos. III. Na+-k+-atpase-linked mechanism in blastocysts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alanine; Animals; Blastocyst; Cytochalasin B; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Embryon | 1977 |
Hormonal regulation of incorporation of alanine-U-14C into glucose in human fetal liver explants. Effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, glucagon, insulin, and triamcinolone.
Topics: Alanine; Bucladesine; Drug Synergism; Female; Fetus; Glucagon; Gluconeogenesis; Humans; Insulin; Kin | 1975 |
Ontogeny of gluconeogenesis in the bovine fetus: influence of maternal dietary energy.
Topics: Alanine; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic | 1977 |
[Pyruvate-dehydrogenase deficiency. Lethal course of the disease during infancy (author's transl)].
Topics: Acidosis; Alanine; Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; | 1978 |
Transfer of glutamic acid across the human placenta perfused in vitro.
Topics: Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Female; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leucine | 1979 |
Alanine transport across in vitro rabbit vagina.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Biological Transport; Castration; Electric Stimulation; Epithelium; Estrus; Female | 1979 |
Transfer of amino acids across the in vitro perfused human placenta.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leucine; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Perfusi | 1979 |
The G gamma:A gamma composition of fetal hemoglobin in fetuses and newborns.
Topics: Alanine; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Fetal Hemoglobin; Fetus; | 1979 |
The effect of alpha-aminoisobuturic acid and 2,4-diaminobuturic acid on mouse blastocyst outgrowth in vitro.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids, Diamino; Aminobutyrates; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Blastocyst; Cells, Cu | 1979 |
[Activity of various enzymes in the blood of pregnant women and their fetuses with low body weight].
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspartic Acid; Cre | 1979 |
The effect of L-aspartic acid, L-alanine, and hemoglobin on trypan blue-induced embryolethality and gross fetal malformations in gestating albino mice.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Drug Interactions; Female | 1977 |
Effect of protein-bound lysinoalanine, N epsilon-DL-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine on fetal and neonatal rats.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetus; Glycine max; La | 1978 |
Ammonia overloading in hepatocytes isolated from liver of fetal and adult rats.
Topics: Alanine; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Female; Fructose; Glucose; Glutamates | 1979 |
Gluconeogenesis from alanine in vivo by the ovine fetus and lamb.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Blood Glucose; Female; Fetus; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Lactates; Pre | 1977 |
Kinetics of pyruvate kinase from human placenta [proceedings].
Topics: Alanine; Female; Fructosediphosphates; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Lung; Muscles; Placenta; Pregna | 1977 |
The immediate effect of a beta-adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Albuterol; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Drug Evalu | 1977 |
Cluconeogenesis from alanine in vivo by the ovine fetus and lamb.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Female; Fetus; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Sheep | 1978 |
Effect of intravenous hydrocortisone administration on glucose homeostasis in small for gestational age infants.
Topics: Alanine; Blood Glucose; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypog | 1979 |
Blunting of spontaneous and alanine-stimulated glucagon secretion in newborn infants of diabetic mothers.
Topics: Alanine; Blood Glucose; Female; Glucagon; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Di | 1979 |
Comparison of the anti-LH/FSH-RH and anti-ovulatory activities of (D-Phe2, D-Leu6)-LH-RH and (D-Phe2, D-Ala6)-LH-RH.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Estrus; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Leuc | 1976 |
Turnover of alanine and glycine in foetal and suckling lambs.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Glycine; Lactation; Pregnancy; Sheep | 1977 |
Hepatic gluconeogenesis in foetal and suckling lambs.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Female; Glucagon; Gluconeogenesis; Lactates; Lactation; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Pre | 1976 |
Cholinomimetic teratogens. III. Interaction with amino acids known as neurotransmitters.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Carbachol; Chick Embryo; Decamethonium Compounds; Female; Fetal Death; gamma-Amino | 1976 |
Suceptibility of mice to audiogenic seizures is increased by handling their dams during gestation.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Female; Mice; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Seizures; Sound; Stress, Physiological | 1976 |
Endocrine-metabolic response to acute starvation in human gestation.
Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Acute Disease; Alanine; Amino Acids; Amniotic Fluid; Arginine; Blood Glucose; | 1976 |
The regulation of uptake and output of amino acids by rat tissues.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Carcinoma 256, Walker; Diet; Fasting; Female; Fetus; | 1976 |
Effect of pregnancy on serum alanine concentration in normal and genetically diabetic mice.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Fasting; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabeti | 1976 |
Glucose homeostasis during the perinatal period.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Blood Glucose; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Fetus; Glucagon; G | 1976 |
Variations in some plasma metabolites from neoglucogenesis and ketogenesis in pregnant ewes in relation to diet.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Feeding Behavior; Female; Glu | 1976 |
Effect of maternal ethanol consumption of fetal hepatic metabolism in the rat.
Topics: Alanine; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alcoholic Intoxication; Animals; Bicarbonates; Carbon Dioxide; Eth | 1976 |
Plasma glucagon and insulin in rat pregnancy. Roles in glucose homeostasis.
Topics: Alanine; Anesthesia; Animals; Antigens; Blood Glucose; Female; Glucagon; Glucose; Homeostasis; Insul | 1975 |
Dipeptidase activity in the small intestinal mucosa during pregnancy and lactation in the rat.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Dipeptidases; Feeding Behavior; Female; Glutamates; Glycine; Intestinal Mucosa; In | 1975 |
Blunted response to oral alanine feeding in small-for-gestational-age infants.
Topics: Alanine; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Female; Gestational Age; Glucagon; Gluconeogenesis; Humans; In | 1975 |
Size of L-lactate transport from the fetal rat to the mother animal.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Female; Fetus; Lactates; Liver; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prot | 1975 |
Pyruvate kinase isoenzymes in tissues of the developing guinea pig.
Topics: Age Factors; Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Female; Fetus; Guinea Pigs; Isoenzymes; Kidn | 1975 |
Hyperaminoacidemia due to the accumulation of gluconeogenic amino acid precursors in hypoglycemic small-for-gestational age infants.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Birth Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Gluconeogenesis; Glycine; Humans; Hypog | 1975 |
Free amino acids in plasma and tissue of rats born to underfed dams.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arginine; Body Weight; Female; Glutamates; Glycine; | 1975 |
Developmental changes of free amino acids in bovine fetal fluids with gestational age and the interrelationships between the amino acid concentrations in the fluid compartments.
Topics: Alanine; Allantois; Amino Acids; Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Body Fluids; Cattle; Female; Fetal Blood; | 1975 |
[Free amino acids in the amniotic fluid and in maternal blood in advanced pregnancy].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amniotic Fluid; Cysteine; Female; Glycine; Histidine; Humans; Isoleucine; Leuc | 1975 |
[The pattern of distribution of free amino acids in human amniotic fluid related to the duration of pregnancy. Part I: Changes in concentration in normal pregnancy (author's transl)].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amniotic Fluid; Chromatography, Gas; Cysteine; Female; Gestational Age; Glycin | 1976 |
Kinetic properties of pyruvate kinase in human maternal leukocytes in fetal malnutrition.
Topics: Alanine; Allosteric Regulation; Female; Fructosephosphates; Glycolysis; Humans; Kinetics; Leukocytes | 1976 |
Human endometrial stromal cells and decidual cells express cluster of differentiation (CD) 13 antigen/aminopeptidase N and CD10 antigen/neutral endopeptidase.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Aminopeptidases; Aniline Compounds; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation; Antigen | 1992 |
Amino acid gradients across the intestinal circulation in fetal lambs.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Glutamates; Glutamic | 1992 |
Heterogeneity of L-alanine transport systems in brush-border membrane vesicles from rat placenta during late gestation.
Topics: Alanine; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Anions; Biological Transport; Cations; Female; Kinetics; Me | 1992 |
Glucose-alanine relationship in diabetes in human pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Blood Glucose; Carbon Dioxide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Humans; Oxygen Con | 1991 |
In vivo alanine metabolism in late pregnant rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Female; Fetus; Glucose; Glycogen; Liver; Live | 1990 |
Development of system B0,+ and a broad-scope Na(+)-dependent transporter of zwitterionic amino acids in preimplantation mouse conceptuses.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Blastocyst; Cleavage Stage, Ovum; Embryo Implan | 1990 |
Chronic hypoxia in neuronal cell culture: metabolic consequences.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Bicarbonates; Binding, Competitive; Brain Chemistry; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured | 1990 |
Maternal and cord blood plasma. Comparative analyses by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Alanine; Blood Chemical Analysis; Ethanol; Female; Fetal Blood; Glycoproteins; | 1989 |
Role of the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the regulation of amino acid translocation.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Female; Fetus; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Gluco | 1989 |
Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake blockers on the concentration in brain of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in male rats, pro-oestrous rats and ovariectomized rats treated with oestrogen and progesterone.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Brain; Castration; Estradiol; Female; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Hypothalamus; Male | 1985 |
Pharmacological study of a traditional Chinese medicine: effect of bezoar bovis on the irregular beating pattern of cultured mouse myocardial cells.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Bezoars; Calcium; Electrolytes; Female; Heart; Medicine, Chinese Trad | 1989 |
Na+-dependent alanine transport in plasma membrane vesicles from late-pregnant rat livers.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane; Female; Kinetics; Liver; Nitrogen; Pr | 1989 |
Enhanced cerebral substrate pools in the fetus and neonate of the diabetic canine mother.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cerebral Cortex; Do | 1985 |
Histochemical demonstration of exopeptidases in the rat visceral yolk-sac epithelium.
Topics: Alanine; Amidines; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Pepti | 1985 |
A single amino acid substitution in an ectopic alpha subunit of a human carcinoma choriogonadotropin.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Circular Dichroism; Female; Glutamates; Glutam | 1986 |
A spectrophotometric method for the determination of gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase with alanine dehydrogenase in the presence of anthglutin.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Alanine; Alanine Dehydrogenase; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Animals; Buffers; Eryt | 1987 |
Glucose-alanine relationship in normal human pregnancy.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Female; Glucose; Humans; Pregnancy; Rats | 1989 |
Alanine transport systems in isolated basal plasma membrane of human placenta.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Cysteine; Dihydroa | 1989 |
Alterations of fasting glucose and fat metabolism in intrauterine growth-retarded newborn dogs.
Topics: Aging; Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Energy Metab | 1989 |
Increased gluconeogenesis in the rat at term gestation.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Bicarbonates; Blood Glucose; Carbon Radioisotopes; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphatase | 1985 |
[The effect of inorganic mercury on placental amino acid transport using microvillous membrane vesicles].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Biological Transport; Female; Humans; Lysine; Mercury; Micropore Filters; Micr | 1987 |
[Study on human placental beta-alanine and taurine transport mechanism (using microvillous membrane vesicles].
Topics: Alanine; beta-Alanine; Biological Transport; Female; Humans; Ions; Microvilli; Placenta; Pregnancy; | 1987 |
Glucose-alanine relationship in normal human pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Body Weight; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Hormones; Humans; Lac | 1988 |
Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake blockers on the release of LH and prolactin in several different experimental steroid models in the rat.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Castration; Estradiol; Female; Luteinizing Hormone; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pre | 1985 |
Alanine turnover rate and its hepatic metabolism are increased in midpregnant rat.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Female; Liver; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats; Rats, | 1988 |
Analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) containing dehydroalanine in 6th position.
Topics: Alanine; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Indicators and Reag | 1988 |
Neutral amino acid transport systems of microvillous membrane of human placenta.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Biological Transport, Active; Cysteine; Female; Humans; Leucin | 1988 |
Maternal-fetal relationship in ammonia metabolism during late gestation in the rat.
Topics: Alanine; Allantoin; Ammonia; Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Female; Fetal Blood; Glutamates; Glutamine; Ma | 1988 |
Changes to metabolite concentration in fetal sheep subjected to prolonged hypobaric hypoxia.
Topics: Alanine; Altitude Sickness; Animals; Atmospheric Pressure; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Embryonic and | 1988 |
[The changes in EPH gestosis placental amino acid transport activity (using human placental microvillous membrane vesicles)].
Topics: Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Biological Transport, Active; Female; Humans; Microvilli | 1987 |
Effects of in vivo administration of growth hormone on milk production and in vitro hepatic metabolism in dairy cattle.
Topics: Acetoacetates; Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Butyrates; Cattle; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Femal | 1986 |
Comparative utilization of glycerol and alanine as liver gluconeogenic substrates in the fed late pregnant rat.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Eating; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glycerol; Liver; Pregnancy; | 1986 |
Effect of feed intake level in late gestation on arterial blood concentrations of energy substrates, insulin and glucagon in the chronically catheterized gilt.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Eating; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucagon; Insulin; Keto | 1987 |
Lactate production and absence of gluconeogenesis from placental transferred substrates in fetuses from fed and 48-H starved rats.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Fatty Acids; Female; Gestational Age; Gluconeogenesis; Gluco | 1987 |
[The character of human placental glucose and amino acid transport activity (using microvillous membrane vesicles)].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Biological Transport; Female; Glucose; Humans; Microvilli; Placenta; Pregnancy | 1987 |
[Study on changes in placental L-alanine transport activity during gestation (using microvillous membrane vesicles].
Topics: Alanine; Female; Humans; Intracellular Membranes; Microvilli; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimest | 1986 |
L-alanine carriers at maternal and fetal surfaces of the guinea pig placenta trophoblast.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; | 1986 |
[Study on Na+ and L-alanine cotransport of the human placenta using microvillous membrane vesicles].
Topics: Alanine; Biological Transport; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Ions; Membrane Potentials; Micro | 1987 |
Alanine uptake by liver at midpregnancy in rats.
Topics: Alanine; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Female; Kinetics; Liver; Orga | 1987 |
Altered growth, hypoglycemia, hypoalaninemia, and ketonemia in the young rat: postnatal consequences of intrauterine growth retardation.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Brain; DNA; Female; Fetal Gr | 1985 |
The effects of chronic fetal hyperglycemia on substrate uptake by the ovine fetus and conceptus.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Arteries; Blood; Blood Glucose; Chronic Disease; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Fetal | 1985 |
Na+-dependent transport of basic, zwitterionic, and bicyclic amino acids by a broad-scope system in mouse blastocysts.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Amino Acids, Diamino; Animals; Biological Transport; Blas | 1985 |
Alanine and lactate as gluconeogenic substrates during late gestation.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Diet; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid | 1986 |
Role of the availability of substrates on hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis in the fasted late pregnant rat.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Fasting; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycerol; In Vitr | 1986 |
Contragestational profile of the tumor-inhibiting agent, L-alanosine, in the rat and the hamster.
Topics: Adenine; Alanine; Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Aspartic Acid; Cell Division; Cricetinae; Do | 1985 |
Gluconeogenesis by the fetal sheep liver in vivo.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Female; Fetus; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Lactates; Liver; Pr | 1985 |
Placental formation of lactate from transferred L-alanine and its impairment by aminooxyacetate in the late-pregnant rat.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Female; Lactates; Lactic Aci | 1985 |
Ketone body metabolism during pregnancy in the rabbit.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Body Weight; Butyrates; Butyric Acid; Carnitine; Eating; Fasting; Fat | 1985 |
Effects of acetaldehyde and/or ethanol on neutral amino acid transport systems in microvillous brush border membrane vesicles prepared from human placenta.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alanine; Amino Acids; Biological Transport, Active; Depression, Chemical; Ethanol; Fem | 1985 |
Dynamics of axoplasmic transport in the optic system of the rat.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Asparagine; Axonal Transport; Circadian Rhythm; Estrus; Female; Leucine; Male; Neu | 1974 |
[Enzyme activity of human milk in relation to amino acid arylamides].
Topics: Acyltransferases; Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Amides; Amidohydrolases; Arginine; Cobalt; Edetic Acid | 1973 |
[Value of congestive enzymes in liver and biliary tract diseases].
Topics: Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Biliary Tract Diseases; Bone Diseases; Cholestasis; | 1973 |
Learning in monkeys fed elevated amino acid diets.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Diet; Discrimination Learning; Female; Food; Glycine; Haplorhini; His | 1973 |
Pyruvate dehydrogenase, the citrate condensing enzyme and the utilization of 14 C-labeled lactate, pyruvate and alanine by slices of lactating mammary gland and adenocarcinoma of mouse mammary gland.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Citrate (si)-Synthas | 1973 |
The effect of angiotensin-II intravenous infusion on plasma renin activity and prostaglandins A, E, and F levels in the uterine vein of the pregnant monkey.
Topics: Alanine; Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Pressure; Depression, Chemical; Female; Glucose; Haplorhini; | 1974 |
Hormonal regulation of amino acid accumulation in human fetal liver explants. Effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, glucogon and insulin.
Topics: Alanine; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Biological Transport; Bucladesine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cycloheximi | 1974 |
The role of the phagocyte in host-parasite interactions. XXV. Metabolic and bactericidal activities of leukocytes from pregnant women.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Bacteriuria; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Carbon Isotopes; Carboxy-Lyases; Escheri | 1970 |
Hydroxyproline in the allantoic fluid of the mare.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Alanine; Animals; Body Fluids; Chromatography; Female; Glutamates; Glycine | 1970 |
Separation of glycogen formation and aminotransferase activity induced by cortisol in fetal rat liver.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Boron Compounds; Carbon Isotope | 1972 |
Amino acid transport in human placental slices.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport, | 1974 |
A new structural haemoglobinopathy found in an Indian in Singapore--Hb Meerut alpha120 ALA leads to GLU.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Anemia; Female; Glutamates; Hemoglobinopathies; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; India | 1974 |
Determination of portal and hepatic metabolite production rates in the adult dairy cow.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Carotid Arteries; Cattle; Digestive System; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Glucose | 1974 |
Amino acid and glucose uptake by the isolated perfused guinea-pig mammary gland.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Caseins; Female; Glucose; Glutam | 1974 |
Glucagon metabolism in nonhuman primate pregnancy.
Topics: Alanine; Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Fasting; Female; Fetus; Gestation | 1974 |
[Blood-brain barrier and placental barrier for various amino acids in the mouse (whole body autoradiography studies)].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Autoradiography; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cell Membrane Permeability; Fem | 1972 |
Variations in the concentrations of free amino acids in the plasma of the dairy cow at parturition.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Cattle; Female; Glycine; Isoleucine; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Ti | 1972 |
Effects of mother-litter separation on survival, growth, and brain amino acid levels.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Animals, | 1972 |
Concentration of alpha-amino nitrogen and free amino acid in the uterine and blastocoelic fluid of rabbit.
Topics: Alanine; Amines; Amino Acids; Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Asparagine; Autoanalysis; Blastocyst; Castrat | 1972 |
The effect of intravenous glucagon on plasma amino acids in the newborn.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Female; Gestational Age; Glucagon; Gluconeogenesi | 1973 |
Further characterization of haemoglobin F Hull 121 glutamic acid leads to lysine; 136 alanine.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; | 1973 |
The free amino acids in maternal and fetal extracellular fluids collected during ealy pregnancy.
Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Amniotic Fluid; Chromatography; | 1973 |
Haemoglobin J Nyanza: 21 (B2) Ala-Asp.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Elect | 1973 |
Evidence of stimulation of glucagon secretion by alanine in the human fetus at term.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Blood Glucose; Female; Fetus; Glucagon; Humans; Pregnancy; Umbilical Veins | 1973 |
Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy. X. Metabolic disposition of alanine by the perfused liver of the fasting pregnant rat.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography; Fas | 1973 |
The utilization of 14 C-labeled lactate, pyruvate and alanine by prelactating tissues and hyperplastic alveolar nodule outgrowths.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Fatty Acids; | 1973 |
The G and A hemoglobin chains during human fetal development.
Topics: Alanine; Chromatography, Gel; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Fetal Hemoglobin; Fetus; Glyc | 1973 |
Rat brain and blood gluconeogenic metabolic changes in neonatal starvation.
Topics: Age Factors; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Female; Food Deprivation; Gluco | 1973 |
[Estimation of serum arylamidase with L-alanine-p-nitroanilide as a substrate. The question of optimal "LAP" tests].
Topics: Alanine; Aminopeptidases; Anilides; Costs and Cost Analysis; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Hu | 1973 |
Similarities between pyruvate kinase from human placenta and tumours.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Carcinoma; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Elect | 1973 |
Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy in three siblings.
Topics: Age Factors; Alanine; Brain; Brain Stem; Child, Preschool; Encephalomalacia; Female; Gluconeogenesis | 1974 |
Renal metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in fed and fasted pregnant sheep.
Topics: Acidosis; Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Catheterization; Citrulli | 1974 |
Placental amino acid uptake. II. Tissue preincubation, fluid distribution, and mechanisms of regulation.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Biological Transport; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cultur | 1974 |
Increased gluconeogenic substrates in the small-for-gestational-age infant.
Topics: Acetoacetates; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Alanine; Amino Acids; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Ci | 1974 |
Gluconeogenesis and hepatic glycogen formation in relation to the rat estrous cycle.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon Radioisotopes; Estrus; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Gonadal Ster | 1974 |
Amino acid metabolism during starvation in human pregnancy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Amniotic Fluid; Blood Glucose; Female; Food | 1972 |
Influence of cortisol on glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis in fetal rat liver in organ culture.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Carboxy-Lyases; Culture Media; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; | 1972 |
Concentration gradients of amino acids between the uterine and blastocoelic fluid in the rabbit.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Body Fluids; Female; Glutamates; | 1972 |
Effects of dietary vitamin B 6 on the utilization of monosodium glutamate by rats.
Topics: Aging; Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspart | 1972 |
The aminoaciduria of pregnancy.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Female; Folic Acid; Glycine; Histidine; Humans; Kidney; Pregnancy; Renal Amino | 1972 |
Amino acids in amniotic fluid: changes in concentrations during the first half of pregnancy.
Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Amniotic Fluid; Arginine; Chromatography, Ion Ex | 1972 |
Monosodium glutamate: effect of plasma and breast milk amino acid levels in lactating women.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Female; Food Additives; Glutamates; Glutamine; Humans; Lactatio | 1972 |
Endocrine control of free amino acids content in uterine fluid in pregnant rabbits.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Fluids; Castration; Corpus Luteum; Embry | 1972 |
Haemoglobin Denmark Hill 95 (G2) Pro-Ala, a variant with unusual electrophoretic and oxygen-binding properties.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Electrophoresis, Paper; Electrophoresis, Starch Ge | 1972 |
[Beef brain alkaline phosphatase: role of magnesium on the action of L-phenylalanine and other amino acids].
Topics: Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Aminocaproates; Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Cattle; C | 1971 |
Quantitative amino acids in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma in early and late pregnancy. Preliminary report.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Amniotic Fluid; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Citrulline; Cystine; | 1971 |
Developmental changes in Na + , K + and ATP and in the levels and transport of amino acids in incubated slices of rat brain.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Age Factors; Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Animals, Newborn | 1971 |
SH (Australia) antigen in early life.
Topics: Adult; Agglutination; Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Antibodies; Bilirubin; Blood Protein Electropho | 1971 |
The subunit structure of human placental 17 -estradiol dehydrogenase.
Topics: Acrylamides; Alanine; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Detergents; Electrophoresis; Electrophoresis, Disc; E | 1971 |
Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy. IX. Plasma levels of gluconeogenic fuels during fasting in the rat.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Fasting; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamates | 1971 |
Permeability of lung capillaries and alveoli to non-electrolytes in the foetal lamb.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Capillary Permeability; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Erythritol; Female; | 1971 |
Amino acid transport and mental retardation.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Amino Acids; Animals; Benzyl Compounds; Biological Tr | 1971 |
Alpha-aceto-gamma-hydroxybutyramide--a new antimetabolite.
Topics: Alanine; Amides; Animals; Antimetabolites; Escherichia coli; Female; Fetus; Glutamates; Glutamine; M | 1965 |
The human placental amino acid naphthylamidases; their molecular interrelations and correlations with perinatal factors.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Alanine; Aminopeptidases; Arginine; Birth Order; Birth Weight; Centrifugation | 1969 |
Brucella organisms isolated from dogs: comparison of characteristics of members of the genus Brucella.
Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Alanine; Animals; Arabinose; Arginine; Asparagine; Brucella; Brucellosis; Citr | 1969 |
[On the influence of contraceptive pills on serum amino acids in comparison with results typical for sex, menstrual cycle and pregnancy].
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Citric Acid Cycle; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Glycine; Humans; Isole | 1969 |
Incorporation of labeled nucleic acid and protein precursors by diapausing and nondiapausing blastocysts.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Autoradiography; Caniformia; Carbon Isotopes; Dactinomycin; DNA; Embryo Implantati | 1969 |
A procedure for isolating transfer ribonucleic acid from human placenta.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Carbon Isotopes; Carbonates; Female; Humans; Ligases; Methods; Placenta; Pregn | 1970 |
The venous plasma free amino acid levels during the first hours of life. I. After normal and short gestation and gestation complicated by hypertension, with special reference to the "small for dates" syndrome.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Arginine; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Body Height; Chromatography, Ion Exchan | 1970 |
Quantitative cation-exchange chromatographic analysis of free amino acids in human amniotic fluid collected during early pregnancy.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Alcohols; Aminobutyrates; Amniotic Fluid; Autoanalysis; Chromatography, | 1970 |
Influence of pregnancy and-or exercise on intestinal transport of amino acids in rats.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Body Weight; Carbon Isotopes; Digestive System Physio | 1970 |
Effect of sex and pregnancy on formation of urea and ammonia during gluconeogenesis in the perfused rat liver.
Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; DNA; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Liver; Male; Nitrogen; Perfusion; Pregnancy | 1970 |
[Functional and structural peculiarities of transfer RNA in protein biosynthesis in some physiological states in animals].
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Caseins; Chromatography; Fasting; Female; Glycine; Hibernation; Lacta | 1970 |
Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer system for detection and indentification of abnormal metabolic products in physiological fluids.
Topics: Alanine; Amniotic Fluid; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Chromatography, Gas; C | 1971 |
[Demonstration and determination of earnosinase activity of the human placenta].
Topics: Alanine; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dipeptidases; Dipeptides; Electrophoresi | 1971 |
The free amino acid concentrations in maternal and foetal plasmas in the pregnant ewe.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Female; Fetus; Glycine; Maternal-Fetal | 1971 |
The distribution of amino acids between erythrocytes and plasma in fetal and maternal blood.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Biological Transport, Active; Chromatography, Paper; Erythrocytes; Female; Glu | 1968 |
Amino acid transport in adult diaphyseal bone: contrast with amino acid transport mechanisms in fetal membranous bone.
Topics: Age Factors; Alanine; Amides; Amino Acids; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Bon | 1969 |
Development of structure and function in the mammalian yolk sac. 3. The development of amino acid transport by rabbit yolk sac.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Fetus; Glycin | 1966 |