Compounds > abacavir, lamivudine drug combination
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abacavir, lamivudine drug combination

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Description

abacavir, lamivudine drug combination: combination of Epivir and Ziagen [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5273759
MeSH IDM0491411

Synonyms (19)

Synonym
abacavir sulfate-lamivudine combination
kivexa
abacavir, lamivudine drug combination
[(1s,4r)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)purin-9-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]methanol; 4-amino-1-[(2r,5s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
abacavir & lamivudine
abc & 3tc
(-)-(2'r,5's)-1-[2'-hydroxymethyl-5'-(1,3-oxathiolanyl)]cytosine & (1s,4r)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol
ziagen & epivir
epzicom(tm)
abacavir sulfate and lamivudine
abacavir sulfate (ziagen) and lamivudine (epivir)
852337-16-7
3tc + abc
lamivudine + abacavir
DTXSID90234433
Q4663143
abacavir/lamivudine
[(1s,4r)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)purin-9-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]methanol;4-amino-1-[(2r,5s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
abacavir and lamivudine

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The primary end point was occurrence of grades 2-4 adverse events and serious adverse events; abacavir hypersensitivity reactions were considered serious adverse events."( Short-term safety and tolerability of a once-daily fixed-dose abacavir-lamivudine combination versus twice-daily dosing of abacavir and lamivudine as separate components: findings from the ALOHA study.
Balu, RB; Brachman, PS; Cohen, CJ; Harley, WB; Kubota, M; Lim, ML; Schneider, S; Shaefer, MS; Sutherland-Phillips, DH; Williams, VC, 2008)		0.35
"In the short-term, the rates of adverse events in the once-daily and twice-daily groups appeared to be similar."( Short-term safety and tolerability of a once-daily fixed-dose abacavir-lamivudine combination versus twice-daily dosing of abacavir and lamivudine as separate components: findings from the ALOHA study.
Balu, RB; Brachman, PS; Cohen, CJ; Harley, WB; Kubota, M; Lim, ML; Schneider, S; Shaefer, MS; Sutherland-Phillips, DH; Williams, VC, 2008)		0.35
"Primary endpoints were time to virologic failure (confirmed HIV-1 RNA > or = 1,000 copies/mL at 16-24 weeks or > or = 200 copies/mL at > or = 24 weeks) and time to first grade 3 or 4 adverse event or laboratory abnormality that was at least one grade higher than at baseline."( Virologic response and safety of the abacavir/lamivudine fixed-dose formulation as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy: analyses of six clinical studies.
Dix, LP; Ha, B; Liao, QM; Pappa, KA, )		0.13
" Few subjects treated with ABC/3TC developed grade 3 or 4 adverse events, laboratory toxicities, or changes in lipid levels."( Virologic response and safety of the abacavir/lamivudine fixed-dose formulation as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy: analyses of six clinical studies.
Dix, LP; Ha, B; Liao, QM; Pappa, KA, )		0.13
" Diarrhea was the most frequently reported adverse event."( Long-term efficacy and safety of fosamprenavir plus ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir in combination with abacavir/lamivudine over 144 weeks.
Baril, JG; Duiculescu, D; Estrada, V; Lim, ML; Logue, K; Pharo, C; Plettenberg, A; Pulido, F; Schewe, K; Vavro, C; Yau, L, )		0.13
" The adverse event rate was similar between arms (except drug hypersensitivity, reported more in the abacavir/lamivudine arm)."( Randomized comparison of renal effects, efficacy, and safety with once-daily abacavir/lamivudine versus tenofovir/emtricitabine, administered with efavirenz, in antiretroviral-naive, HIV-1-infected adults: 48-week results from the ASSERT study.
Branco, T; Cavassini, M; Domingo, P; Fisher, M; Givens, N; Khuong-Josses, MA; Lim, ML; Moyle, GJ; Norden, AG; Pearce, HC; Podzamczer, D; Post, FA; Rieger, A; Stellbrink, HJ; Vavro, C, 2010)		0.36
" Three patients discontinued antiretroviral therapy due to mild adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of once-daily ritonavir-boosted darunavir and abacavir/lamivudine for treatment-naïve patients: a pilot study.
Gatanaga, H; Kikuchi, Y; Nishijima, T; Oka, S; Teruya, K; Tsukada, K, 2012)		0.38
" The drug combination appears to be generally safe and well tolerated."( Abacavir/lamivudine fixed-dose combination with ritonavir-boosted darunavir: a safe and efficacious regimen for HIV therapy.
Boissonnault, M; Dion, H; Gallant, S; Lavoie, S; Legault, D; Longpré, D; Machouf, N; Nguyen, VK; Thomas, R; Trottier, B; Vézina, S, )		0.13
" Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were defined as adverse events (AE) of which association with Epzicom could not be 'ruled out'."( Safety analysis of Epzicom® (lamivudine/abacavir sulfate) in post-marketing surveillance in Japan.
Kitaichi, T; Kitazono, Y; Kurita, T; Miura, T; Nagao, T, 2014)		0.4
" Bayesian fixed-effect network meta-analysis models adjusting for the type of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine [TDF/FTC] or abacavir/lamivudine [ABC/3TC]) were used to evaluate week 48 efficacy (HIV-RNA suppression to <50 copies/mL and change in CD4+ cells/µL) and safety (lipid changes, adverse events, and discontinuations due to adverse events) of DTG relative to all other treatments."( 48-week efficacy and safety of dolutegravir relative to commonly used third agents in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Camejo, RR; Cuffe, R; Gilchrist, KA; Lim, JW; Nichols, G; Patel, DA; Pulgar, S; Snedecor, SJ; Stephens, J; Sudharshan, L; Tang, WY, 2014)		0.4
" Dolutegravir had better or equivalent changes in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and lower odds of adverse events and discontinuation due to adverse events compared to all treatments."( 48-week efficacy and safety of dolutegravir relative to commonly used third agents in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Camejo, RR; Cuffe, R; Gilchrist, KA; Lim, JW; Nichols, G; Patel, DA; Pulgar, S; Snedecor, SJ; Stephens, J; Sudharshan, L; Tang, WY, 2014)		0.4
" The concomitant use of ATT including rifabutin and an ART (RAL + ABC/3TC) regimen was safe since one patient was noted to have a RAL-related adverse event (AE) (an allergic reaction) and caused the patient to discontinue therapy."( [The efficacy and safety of a therapy regimen including raltegravir and a fixed dose combination of lamivudine and abacavir in previously rifabutin-treated patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection].
Deulina, MO; Ivanova, ES; Kanestri, VG; Kravchenko, AV; Pokrovsky, VV; Popova, AA; Yakovlev, AA; Zimina, VN, 2014)		0.4
" Discontinuation rates due to adverse effects were 2% and 3%, respectively."( [Safety profile of dolutegravir].
Domingo, P; Rivero, A, 2015)		0.42
" Two patients were lost to follow-up and five ceased the new regimen (4 due to adverse effects and 1 virologic failure)."( Efficacy and safety of switching to abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) plus rilpivirine (RPV) in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients on HAART.
González-Domenech, CM; Hernández-Quero, J; Martínez, MA; Mayorga, ML; Olalla, J; Omar, M; Palacios, R; Pérez-Camacho, I; Pérez-Hernández, IA; Romero, A; Romero, JM; Santos, J, 2016)		0.43
" There was no statistically significant differences in the risk difference for serious adverse events (5."( An Indirect Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Abacavir/Lamivudine + Dolutegravir in Initial Therapy.
Behrens, G; Borg, P; Bouee, S; M Llibre, J; Moyle, G; Piontkowsky, D; Raffi, F; Reilly, G; Rogatto, F, 2016)		0.43
" Of the nine patients excluded from the study, only one was withdrawn due to adverse events."( Effectiveness and safety of generic version of abacavir/lamivudine and efavirenz in treatment naïve HIV-infected patients: a nonrandomized, open-label, phase IV study in Cali-Colombia, 2011-2012.
Amariles, P; Galindo, J; Galindo-Orrego, X; González-Avendaño, S; Hincapié, JA; Mueses-Marín, HF, 2016)		0.43
" The secondary objectives analyzed were adverse effects changes in renal, hepatic or lipid profiles, changes in CD4+ cell count and treatment discontinuations."( Abacavir/Lamivudine plus Rilpivirine Is an Effective and Safe Strategy for HIV-1 Suppressed Patients: 48 Week Results of the SIMRIKI Retrospective Study.
Barrufet, P; Berenguer, J; Boix, V; Carrero, A; Castaño, M; Esteban, H; Galindo, MJ; González-García, J; Hontañón, V; Imaz, A; Knobel, H; Moreno, S; Podzamczer, D; Raffo, M; Ribera, E; Ryan, P; Solís, J; Suárez-Lozano, I; Terrón, JA; Troya, J; Yllescas, M, 2016)		0.43
" Thirty-eight adverse events (AE) were detected in 32 patients."( Abacavir/Lamivudine plus Rilpivirine Is an Effective and Safe Strategy for HIV-1 Suppressed Patients: 48 Week Results of the SIMRIKI Retrospective Study.
Barrufet, P; Berenguer, J; Boix, V; Carrero, A; Castaño, M; Esteban, H; Galindo, MJ; González-García, J; Hontañón, V; Imaz, A; Knobel, H; Moreno, S; Podzamczer, D; Raffo, M; Ribera, E; Ryan, P; Solís, J; Suárez-Lozano, I; Terrón, JA; Troya, J; Yllescas, M, 2016)		0.43
"5% of those treated with EVG discontinued due to adverse events (AE)."( Clinical Experience with the Integrase Inhibitors Dolutegravir and Elvitegravir in HIV-infected Patients: Efficacy, Safety and Tolerance.
Balboa-Barreiro, V; Castro-Iglesias, Á; Cid-Silva, P; Fernández-Bargiela, N; Llibre, JM; Margusino-Framiñán, L; Martín-Herranz, I; Pernas-Souto, B; Poveda, E, 2017)		0.46
"The change from a regimen of abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir seems to be safe and effective at 24 weeks."( Efficacy and safety of the switch of Triumeq® to generic (abacavir + lamivudine) + Tivicay®: data at 24 weeks.
De la Torre, J; Del Arco, A; García de Lomas, JM; García-Alegría, J; Márquez, E; Nieto, M; Olalla, J; Pérez-Stachowski, J; Prada, JL; Tortajada, B, 2018)		0.48
" What is known of the differences in adverse effects between zidovudine, tenofovir and abacavir? How should their respective adverse effect profiles influence the choice between available combinations? We sought answers to these questions by reviewing the literature using the standard Prescrire methodology."( Zidovudine, tenofovir or abacavir? Different adverse effect profiles.
, 2016)		0.43
" Secondary outcomes included CD4-count change, treatment discontinuation and treatment-related adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of abacavir/lamivudine plus rilpivirine as a first-line regimen in treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected adults.
Ho, S; Lee, CC; Leo, YS; Lye, DCB; Ng, OT; Wong, CS; Wong, JG, 2020)		0.56
" Of these, 23 discontinuations were due to drug adverse effects, and only 1 attributed to RPV (p < 0."( Efficacy and safety of abacavir/lamivudine plus rilpivirine as a first-line regimen in treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected adults.
Ho, S; Lee, CC; Leo, YS; Lye, DCB; Ng, OT; Wong, CS; Wong, JG, 2020)		0.56
"RPV is effective, safe and considerably more tolerable than compared to NNRTI or boosted PI in ABC/3TC-containing regimens for treatment-naïve patients."( Efficacy and safety of abacavir/lamivudine plus rilpivirine as a first-line regimen in treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected adults.
Ho, S; Lee, CC; Leo, YS; Lye, DCB; Ng, OT; Wong, CS; Wong, JG, 2020)		0.56

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To evaluate international pediatric efavirenz dosing recommendations using full pharmacokinetic (PK) information."( Pediatric underdosing of efavirenz: a pharmacokinetic study in Uganda.
Balungi, J; Burger, DM; Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M; Ferrier, A; Fillekes, Q; Gibb, DM; Keishanyu, R; Kendall, L; Lutakome, J; Natukunda, E; Walker, AS, 2011)		0.37
"To investigate pharmacokinetic interactions associated with coadministration of lersivirine with zidovudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF)/emtricitabine (Truvada(®)) or abacavir/lamivudine (Epzicom(®)/Kivexa(®))."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between lersivirine and zidovudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine and abacavir/lamivudine.
Choo, HW; Davis, J; Fang, J; Hansson, AG; Langdon, G; Layton, G; Tawadrous, M; Vourvahis, M, 2013)		0.39
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental methods."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between lersivirine and zidovudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine and abacavir/lamivudine.
Choo, HW; Davis, J; Fang, J; Hansson, AG; Langdon, G; Layton, G; Tawadrous, M; Vourvahis, M, 2013)		0.39

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The KLEAN study extension assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of fosamprenavir-ritonavir (FPV/r) and lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r), both administered with abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) fixed dose combination, over 144 weeks."( Long-term efficacy and safety of fosamprenavir plus ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir in combination with abacavir/lamivudine over 144 weeks.
Baril, JG; Duiculescu, D; Estrada, V; Lim, ML; Logue, K; Pharo, C; Plettenberg, A; Pulido, F; Schewe, K; Vavro, C; Yau, L, )		0.13
"The findings of the KLEAN study extension (48 to 144 weeks) support durable viral suppression with both FPV/r and LPV/r treatment regimens when used in combination with ABC/3TC irrespective of viral load at baseline."( Long-term efficacy and safety of fosamprenavir plus ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir in combination with abacavir/lamivudine over 144 weeks.
Baril, JG; Duiculescu, D; Estrada, V; Lim, ML; Logue, K; Pharo, C; Plettenberg, A; Pulido, F; Schewe, K; Vavro, C; Yau, L, )		0.13
"Similar virological efficacy was observed for efavirenz and lopinavir/r, when administered with Kivexa in antiretroviral-naïve patients, while immunological improvement was slightly superior for efavirenz."( Similar antiviral efficacy and tolerability between efavirenz and lopinavir/ritonavir, administered with abacavir/lamivudine (Kivexa), in antiretroviral-naïve patients: a 48-week, multicentre, randomized study (Lake Study).
Bravo, I; Carosi, G; Clotet, B; del Arco, A; Echeverría, P; Gálvez, J; Gómez, JL; López, JC; López-Blazquez, R; Mariño, A; Moreno, A; Negredo, E; Ocampo, A; Pedrol, E; Pérez-Alvarez, N; Portilla, J; Prieto, A; Rubio, R; Viladés, C, 2010)		0.36
"Forty-eight-week data are presented from this multicenter, randomized, open-label study comparing the safety profiles of abacavir/lamivudine and tenofovir/emtricitabine, both administered with efavirenz, in HLA-B*5701-negative HIV-1-infected adults."( Randomized comparison of renal effects, efficacy, and safety with once-daily abacavir/lamivudine versus tenofovir/emtricitabine, administered with efavirenz, in antiretroviral-naive, HIV-1-infected adults: 48-week results from the ASSERT study.
Branco, T; Cavassini, M; Domingo, P; Fisher, M; Givens, N; Khuong-Josses, MA; Lim, ML; Moyle, GJ; Norden, AG; Pearce, HC; Podzamczer, D; Post, FA; Rieger, A; Stellbrink, HJ; Vavro, C, 2010)		0.36
"We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the coformulation of ABC/3TC administered with DRV/r in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients."( Abacavir/lamivudine fixed-dose combination with ritonavir-boosted darunavir: a safe and efficacious regimen for HIV therapy.
Boissonnault, M; Dion, H; Gallant, S; Lavoie, S; Legault, D; Longpré, D; Machouf, N; Nguyen, VK; Thomas, R; Trottier, B; Vézina, S, )		0.13
" The drug combination appears to be generally safe and well tolerated."( Abacavir/lamivudine fixed-dose combination with ritonavir-boosted darunavir: a safe and efficacious regimen for HIV therapy.
Boissonnault, M; Dion, H; Gallant, S; Lavoie, S; Legault, D; Longpré, D; Machouf, N; Nguyen, VK; Thomas, R; Trottier, B; Vézina, S, )		0.13
" These data indicate that the 3-direct-acting-antiviral regimen can be administered with dolutegravir or abacavir plus lamivudine without dose adjustment."( Drug-Drug Interaction between the Direct-Acting Antiviral Regimen of Ombitasvir-Paritaprevir-Ritonavir plus Dasabuvir and the HIV Antiretroviral Agent Dolutegravir or Abacavir plus Lamivudine.
Khatri, A; Menon, R; Podsadecki, T; Trinh, R; Zhao, W, 2016)		0.43
"In general, DTG 50 mg given once daily combined with an active background drug is a better choice in terms of both efficacy and safety."( Dolutegravir(DTG, S/GSK1349572) combined with other ARTs is superior to RAL- or EFV-based regimens for treatment of HIV-1 infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Chen, H; Guo, W; Huang, J; Jiang, J; Liang, B; Liang, H; Liao, Y; Su, J; Xu, X; Ye, L; Zang, N, 2016)		0.43
"Dolutegravir plasma trough concentrations were measured in 78 HIV-infected patients given the drug in combination with a protease inhibitor, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or abacavir/lamivudine."( Dolutegravir plasma concentrations according to companion antiretroviral drug: unwanted drug interaction or desirable boosting effect?
Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E; Cozzi, V; Galli, M; Gervasoni, C; Meraviglia, P; Minisci, D; Riva, A, 2017)		0.46

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This article outlines the chronology of dolutegravir pediatric formulation development as granules and conventional and dispersible tablets in a total of 5 pharmacokinetic studies evaluating the relative bioavailability of dolutegravir SE and FDC formulations in healthy adults."( Development of Dolutegravir Single-entity and Fixed-dose Combination Formulations for Children.
Adkison, KK; Baker, M; Brothers, C; Buchanan, AM; Davies, M; Parasrampuria, R; Sewell, N; Singh, RP; Wolstenholme, A, 2022)		0.72
"The relative bioavailability studies were 2-part, Phase I, open-label, randomized studies in healthy adults."( Development of Dolutegravir Single-entity and Fixed-dose Combination Formulations for Children.
Adkison, KK; Baker, M; Brothers, C; Buchanan, AM; Davies, M; Parasrampuria, R; Sewell, N; Singh, RP; Wolstenholme, A, 2022)		0.72
"As observed in previous studies, dolutegravir administered as dispersion (granules/dispersible tablets) showed relatively higher bioavailability compared with conventional tablets."( Development of Dolutegravir Single-entity and Fixed-dose Combination Formulations for Children.
Adkison, KK; Baker, M; Brothers, C; Buchanan, AM; Davies, M; Parasrampuria, R; Sewell, N; Singh, RP; Wolstenholme, A, 2022)		0.72

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" It achieves comparable suppression of plasma HIV RNA with the pill's individual components dosed twice daily and with thymidine analogs combined with lamivudine."( Fixed dose combination abacavir/lamivudine in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Anderson, AM; Bartlett, JA, 2005)		0.33
" However, early HAART often consisted of drugs with complex dosing schedules, strict food requirements, treatment-limiting adverse effects, and the need to take 16-20 pills/day."( An update and review of antiretroviral therapy.
Piacenti, FJ, 2006)		0.33
"To evaluate the short-term (12 wks) safety and tolerability of a once-daily, fixed-dose abacavir-lamivudine combination versus twice-daily dosing of the separate components, both with background antiretroviral therapy."( Short-term safety and tolerability of a once-daily fixed-dose abacavir-lamivudine combination versus twice-daily dosing of abacavir and lamivudine as separate components: findings from the ALOHA study.
Balu, RB; Brachman, PS; Cohen, CJ; Harley, WB; Kubota, M; Lim, ML; Schneider, S; Shaefer, MS; Sutherland-Phillips, DH; Williams, VC, 2008)		0.35
"Patients prefer fewer pills and once-daily (qd) dosing without food restrictions."( Switching from twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine to the once-daily fixed-dose combination tablet of abacavir and lamivudine improves patient adherence and satisfaction with therapy.
Gazzard, BG; Jackson, A; Maitland, D; Mandalia, S; Moyle, GJ; Osorio, J, 2008)		0.35
"017); dosing compliance 97."( Switching from twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine to the once-daily fixed-dose combination tablet of abacavir and lamivudine improves patient adherence and satisfaction with therapy.
Gazzard, BG; Jackson, A; Maitland, D; Mandalia, S; Moyle, GJ; Osorio, J, 2008)		0.35
"Once-daily treatment with ritonavir-boosted saquinavir was well tolerated and resulted in similar saquinavir drug exposure despite much lower ritonavir concentrations when compared with a twice-daily dosing schedule."( Once-daily treatment with saquinavir mesylate (2000 mg) and ritonavir (100 mg) together with a fixed-dose combination of abacavir/lamivudine (600/300 mg) or tenofovir/emtricitabine (245/200 mg) in HIV-1-infected patients.
Bickel, M; Bodtländer, A; Gute, P; Klauke, S; Knecht, GK; Kurowski, M; Lutz, T; Stephan, C; von Hentig, N, 2009)		0.35
"To evaluate international pediatric efavirenz dosing recommendations using full pharmacokinetic (PK) information."( Pediatric underdosing of efavirenz: a pharmacokinetic study in Uganda.
Balungi, J; Burger, DM; Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M; Ferrier, A; Fillekes, Q; Gibb, DM; Keishanyu, R; Kendall, L; Lutakome, J; Natukunda, E; Walker, AS, 2011)		0.37
"African children aged 3-12 years, on efavirenz dosed according to 2006 WHO/manufacturer's recommendations, had lower and highly variable efavirenz PK parameters compared with adult data from manufacturer's leaflet."( Pediatric underdosing of efavirenz: a pharmacokinetic study in Uganda.
Balungi, J; Burger, DM; Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M; Ferrier, A; Fillekes, Q; Gibb, DM; Keishanyu, R; Kendall, L; Lutakome, J; Natukunda, E; Walker, AS, 2011)		0.37
"In this highly adherent population, the number of daily pills was related to self-reported health status but not to self-reported adherence, whereas the dosing interval did not influence self-reported adherence or health status."( Number of daily pills, dosing schedule, self-reported adherence and health status in 2010: a large cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy.
Bocchiola, B; Cahua, T; Castagna, A; Danise, A; Galli, L; Gianotti, N; Lazzarin, A; Maillard, M; Panzini, P; Pazzi, A; Salpietro, S; Zandonà, D, 2013)		0.39
" Once-daily dosing without requirement for a pharmacokinetic booster makes dolutegravir-based therapy an attractive treatment option for HIV-1-infected treatment-naive patients."( Once-daily dolutegravir versus twice-daily raltegravir in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection (SPRING-2 study): 96 week results from a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Albrecht, H; Almond, S; Baril, JG; Belonosova, E; Brennan, C; Domingo, P; Gatell, JM; Jaeger, H; Min, S; Quiros-Roldan, E; Raffi, F, 2013)		0.39
" Once-a-day dolutegravir dosing also does not require a pharmacokinetic booster like elvitegravir which minimizes the drug-drug interaction potential of dolutegravir."( Dolutegravir for the treatment of adult patients with HIV-1 infection.
Abraham, T; Saad, N; Wu, G, 2014)		0.4
" This work aimed to develop appropriate drug ratios and dosing for each FDC."( Lopinavir/ritonavir plus lamivudine and abacavir or zidovudine dose ratios for paediatric fixed-dose combinations.
Bouazza, N; Burger, D; Capparelli, EV; Fauchet, F; Foissac, F; Kiechel, JR; Lallemant, M; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S, 2015)		0.42
" Monte-Carlo simulations of WHO and FDA dosing recommendations were performed to assess their ability to provide optimal exposure in children weighing 4 to 25 kg based on consensus plasma targets."( Lopinavir/ritonavir plus lamivudine and abacavir or zidovudine dose ratios for paediatric fixed-dose combinations.
Bouazza, N; Burger, D; Capparelli, EV; Fauchet, F; Foissac, F; Kiechel, JR; Lallemant, M; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S, 2015)		0.42
" Given the recommended drug ratios, the dosage for the 4-5."( Lopinavir/ritonavir plus lamivudine and abacavir or zidovudine dose ratios for paediatric fixed-dose combinations.
Bouazza, N; Burger, D; Capparelli, EV; Fauchet, F; Foissac, F; Kiechel, JR; Lallemant, M; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S, 2015)		0.42
"The first-generation integrase inhibitors (INIs) raltegravir (RAL) and elvitegravir (EVG) have shown efficacy against HIV infection, but they have the limitations of once-more daily dosing and extensive cross-resistance."( Dolutegravir(DTG, S/GSK1349572) combined with other ARTs is superior to RAL- or EFV-based regimens for treatment of HIV-1 infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Chen, H; Guo, W; Huang, J; Jiang, J; Liang, B; Liang, H; Liao, Y; Su, J; Xu, X; Ye, L; Zang, N, 2016)		0.43
"According to simulations, a paediatric efavirenz/lamivudine/abacavir fixed-dose formulation of 150 mg efavirenz, 75 mg lamivudine and 150 mg abacavir provided the most effective and safe concentrations across WHO weight bands, with the flexibility of dosage required across the paediatric population."( Optimization of the strength of the efavirenz/lamivudine/abacavir fixed-dose combination for paediatric patients.
Bienczak, A; Bouazza, N; Burger, D; Capparelli, EV; Cressey, TR; Denti, P; Foissac, F; Lallemant, M; McIlleron, H; Penazzato, M; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S, 2017)		0.46
" This boosting effect of atazanavir could be used to optimize dolutegravir dosing in particular clinical settings."( Dolutegravir plasma concentrations according to companion antiretroviral drug: unwanted drug interaction or desirable boosting effect?
Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E; Cozzi, V; Galli, M; Gervasoni, C; Meraviglia, P; Minisci, D; Riva, A, 2017)		0.46
" The objective of this study was to select an intramuscular dosing regimen based on a comparison of the antiviral activity, tolerability, and safety of the two intramuscular dosing regimens relative to oral cabotegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine."( Long-acting intramuscular cabotegravir and rilpivirine in adults with HIV-1 infection (LATTE-2): 96-week results of a randomised, open-label, phase 2b, non-inferiority trial.
Angel, JB; Clair, MS; Clotet, B; Crauwels, H; Dorey, D; Eron, JJ; Ford, SL; Gonzalez-Garcia, J; Griffith, SK; Gutierrez, F; Lutz, T; Margolis, DA; Mrus, J; Murray, M; Patel, P; Podzamczer, D; Richmond, GJ; Sloan, L; Smith, KY; Spreen, WR; Stellbrink, HJ; Sutton, KC; Williams, PE; Yazdanpanah, Y, 2017)		0.46
" There is an urgent need for optimal pediatric formulations of dolutegravir as single-entity (SE) and fixed-dose combination (FDC) to ensure correct dosing and adherence for swallowing and palatability."( Development of Dolutegravir Single-entity and Fixed-dose Combination Formulations for Children.
Adkison, KK; Baker, M; Brothers, C; Buchanan, AM; Davies, M; Parasrampuria, R; Sewell, N; Singh, RP; Wolstenholme, A, 2022)		0.72
"These studies demonstrate the successful development of pediatric dolutegravir-containing formulations as SE and FDC that permit pediatric dosing in line with WHO recommendations."( Development of Dolutegravir Single-entity and Fixed-dose Combination Formulations for Children.
Adkison, KK; Baker, M; Brothers, C; Buchanan, AM; Davies, M; Parasrampuria, R; Sewell, N; Singh, RP; Wolstenholme, A, 2022)		0.72
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (135)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's16 (11.85)29.6817
2010's110 (81.48)24.3611
2020's9 (6.67)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 31.85

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index31.85 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.29 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.18 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index41.22 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (31.85)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials51 (34.69%)5.53%
Reviews11 (7.48%)6.00%
Case Studies9 (6.12%)4.05%
Observational9 (6.12%)0.25%
Other67 (45.58%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
adenine
[no description available]		15.6454326-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		7.1452amino-acid anion
dalteparin
Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.1710
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		3.5111pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cilostazol
[no description available]		2.1710lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		2.2510conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		5.2150cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		2.1710nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
thymidine
[no description available]		2.0710pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		9.38106alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		5.331monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		3.9321L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.		3.5111naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.1710peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		14.444120pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		8.85112azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		2.15101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
lamivudine
[no description available]		19.0615261monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		15.475630monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		11.551912acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		2.1110macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		4.3911iditolfungal metabolite
lopinavir
[no description available]		9.69104amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		6.1531sulfonamideprodrug
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		3.5111amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
atazanavir sulfate
Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.		10.64158organic sulfate salt
combivir
lamivudine, zidovudine drug combination: contains half the typical daily doses of both drugs in one tablet		6.3761
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		14.694225divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.250carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		12.6127131,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		2.4920L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		7.76622,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		16.336937nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
jtk-303
[no description available]		5.331aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		3.5111D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
rilpivirine
[no description available]		9.14103aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
gs-7340
tenofovir alafenamide: component of Biktarvy. tenofovir alafenamide : An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		9.381066-aminopurines;
ether;
isopropyl ester;
L-alanine derivative;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
efavirenz, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate drug combination
Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination: Inhibitor of reverse transcriptases or of RNA-directed DNA polymerases.		2.520
emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate drug combination
Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation of emtricitabine and tenofovir that is used as an ANTI-HIV AGENT in the treatment and prevention of HIV INFECTIONS.		6.5551
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.9910
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.1310
uk 453,061
UK 453,061: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor/anti-HIV agent; structure in first source		3.4711aromatic ether
raltegravir potassium
Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.		11.86196
cobicistat
[no description available]		3.93211,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
bms-790052
daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.		2.1510biphenyls;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
imidazoles;
valine derivative		antiviral drug;
nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
quad pill
Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation of the ANTI-HIV AGENTS elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS.		2.3110
abt-450
paritaprevir: inhibits HCV NS3 protease. paritaprevir : An azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		3.5111
sofosbuvir
Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		2.1510isopropyl ester;
L-alanyl ester;
nucleotide conjugate;
organofluorine compound;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
prodrug
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		3.1310sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
gsk1265744
[no description available]		5.8922difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
dolutegravir
[no description available]		15.174722difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
abt-267
ombitasvir: inhibits HCV NS5A protein, component of Viekirax. ombitasvir : A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		3.5111aromatic amide;
carbamate ester;
dipeptide;
pyrrolidines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
abt-333
dasabuvir: an antiviral agent. dasabuvir : A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		3.5111aromatic ether;
naphthalenes;
pyrimidone;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
bictegravir
bictegravir: HIV Integrase Inhibitors. bictegravir : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1.		9.1786monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide;
trifluorobenzene		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
silybin
Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.		2.1110
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.1110citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		3.4411
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		013.022827
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		013.022827
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		020.31194108
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		020.31194108
Cerebral Cryptococcosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Immune Reconstitution Disease
[description not available]		03.4820
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		02.5720
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		04.8421
Meningitis, Cryptococcal
Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)		02.2510
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		03.1710
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		03.1710
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		03.1710
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		03.1710
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		06.1132
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		06.1132
Osteoporotic Fractures
Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.		02.2510
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.7220
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		02.5520
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		02.1710
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.1710
AIDS Nephropathy
[description not available]		02.1710
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		02.1710
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		03.4620
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy
Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other forms of kidney disease seen in HIV-infected patients.		02.1710
Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic
[description not available]		02.1710
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		05.9551
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		05.9551
Ergot Poisoning
[description not available]		02.1710
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		03.4620
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		03.4620
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.1710
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System
[description not available]		05.0440
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System
Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME).		05.0440
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.2110
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		0310
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		03.8921
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		03.420
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		05.2841
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		02.110
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		05.2841
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		02.110
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		03.4811
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		05.3622
Co-infection
[description not available]		02.5320
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		02.1110
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		02.1110
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		04.4111
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		04.4111
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.110
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		02.1110
Respiration Disorders
Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.		03.0310
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		03.0310
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		03.0310
Viral Hepatitis, Human
[description not available]		03.0310
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		03.0310
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).		03.0310
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		03.0310
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		03.0310
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		03.0410
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		03.0410
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		03.0410
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		05.6532
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		05.6532
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		05.3622
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		05.3622
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		03.5111
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		03.5111
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		02.1510
Calculosis
[description not available]		02.1510
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		02.1510
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		02.1510
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		02.1510
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		02.1510
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		02.1510
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.		02.0510
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.9710
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		02.9710
HIV Lipodystrophy Syndrome
[description not available]		04.7921
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome
Defective metabolism leading to fat maldistribution in patients infected with HIV. The etiology appears to be multifactorial and probably involves some combination of infection-induced alterations in metabolism, direct effects of antiretroviral therapy, and patient-related factors.		04.7921
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		04.3911
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		04.3911