Compounds > zidovudine triphosphate
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

zidovudine triphosphate

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Zidovudine triphosphate (AZTTP) is the active intracellular metabolite of zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used in the treatment of HIV infection. AZT is converted to AZTTP within cells by cellular kinases. AZTTP acts as a substrate for HIV reverse transcriptase, but it lacks a 3'-hydroxyl group, preventing the elongation of the growing viral DNA chain. This chain termination inhibits viral replication. AZTTP has been extensively studied due to its role in the treatment of HIV infection and its potential use in the development of new antiretroviral therapies. Its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy have been extensively investigated. AZTTP is a crucial component in the treatment of HIV, helping to slow the progression of the disease and improve the lives of individuals living with HIV.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID455742
SCHEMBL ID21067527
MeSH IDM0149951
PubMed CID72187
CHEMBL ID193952
SCHEMBL ID19808965
MeSH IDM0149951

Synonyms (58)

Synonym
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine-5'-diphosphate
{[3-(diazoazamvinyl)-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo(1,3-dihydropyrimidinyl))oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxyphosphoryl) dihydrogen phosphate
azt-diphosphate
azt-dp
[(2s,3s,5r)-3-azido-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl phosphono hydrogen phosphate
azddtdp
DB04542
aztdp
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-diphosphate
zidovudine diphosphate
[(2s,3s,5r)-3-azido-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphono hydrogen phosphate
k7zg448v5m ,
106060-89-3
unii-k7zg448v5m
thymidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-
azt diphosphate
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate)
3/'-azido-3/'-deoxythymidine 5/'-diphosphate
SCHEMBL21067527
Q27282068
combivir
zidovudine triphosphate
nsc742231
[[(2s,3s,5r)-3-azido-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate
thymidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-
azt-triphospate
n3dttp
azddttp
3'-n3-dttp
azidothymidine triphosphate
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine-5'- triphosphate
3'-azido-dttp
azttp ,
azt-tp
3'-azidothymidine triphosphate
zidovudine 5'-triphosphate
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate
erythro-azt-tp
dttp(3'n3)
1-(3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-beta-d-xylofuranosyl)thymine 5'-triphosphate
azt triphosphate
3'-deoxy-3'-azidothymidine triphosphate
[[(2s,3s,5r)-3-azido-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate
CHEMBL193952
92586-35-1
6rgf96r053 ,
unii-6rgf96r053
bdbm50370476
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine triphosphate
DTXSID80239053
GLWHPRRGGYLLRV-XLPZGREQSA-N
SCHEMBL19808965
zidovudine-5'-triphosphate
azidothymidine-5'-triphosphate
Q27265380
HY-116364
CS-0065212

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Therapies including nucleoside analogs are associated with severe toxic side effects and acquirement of drug resistance."( Formulations of biodegradable Nanogel carriers with 5'-triphosphates of nucleoside analogs that display a reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced drug activity.
Han, HY; Kohli, E; Vinogradov, SV; Zeman, AD, 2007)		0.34

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Intersubject pharmacokinetic variability for zidovudine is substantial, but intravenous therapy provides plasma concentrations and intracellular zidovudine triphosphate levels consistent with high antiviral activity."( Systemic pharmacokinetics and cellular pharmacology of zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women and newborn infants.
Bardeguez, AD; Blanchard, S; Flynn, PM; Fridland, A; Jimenez, E; Robbins, B; Rodman, JH; Rodriguez, JF, 1999)		0.5
" A pharmacodynamic model that superimposes the pharmacokinetics of anti-HIV nucleoside reverse transcription (RT) and protease inhibitors over a previously published predator-prey model of HIV and CD4 dynamics was developed to address this need."( Development of a pharmacodynamic model for HIV treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors.
Hurwitz, SJ; Schinazi, RF, 2002)		0.31
" Here, we use population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling-based methods to simultaneously describe parent and intracellular metabolite PK in blood, semen, and PBMCs and SMCs."( Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Lamivudine and Zidovudine Triphosphates Predicts Differential Pharmacokinetics in Seminal Mononuclear Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.
Bridges, AS; Cohen, MS; Dumond, JB; Fiscus, SA; Forrest, A; Kashuba, AD; Kendrick, R; Reddy, YS; Troiani, L; Yang, KH, 2015)		0.68

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Didanosine (ddI) is used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection alone and in combination with azidothymidine (AZT)."( Pharmacodynamic studies (PD) of didanosine (ddI) alone and in combination with azidothymidine (AZT) in human T-cells; a stochastic biochemical approach to antiretroviral nucleoside drug combination in inhibiting HIV-reverse transcriptase (RT).
Avramis, VI; Nandy, P; Periclou, AP, )		0.13

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"In vitro studies of zidovudine (ZDV) phosphorylation may not accurately reflect the in vivo dose-response relationship, which is crucial to determining the relationship between ZDV exposure, efficacy, and toxicity."( Intracellular zidovudine (ZDV) and ZDV phosphates as measured by a validated combined high-pressure liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay procedure.
Hamzeh, FM; Kornhauser, DM; Kuwahara, SK; Lewis, LD; Lietman, PS; Slusher, JT, 1992)		0.28
"The plasma and intracellular phosphorylated metabolite concentrations of ZDV were determined over a 12 h period following oral administration of 100 and 300 mg ZDV to 10 HIV-seropositive patients at steady state during two dosing regimens (i."( The effect of zidovudine dose on the formation of intracellular phosphorylated metabolites.
Back, DJ; Barry, MG; Breckenridge, AM; Gibbons, SE; Hoggard, PG; Khoo, SH; Veal, GJ; Wilkins, EG; Williams, O, 1996)		0.29
"In vitro studies of zidovudine (ZDV) phosphorylation may not accurately reflect the in vivo dose-response relationship, which is crucial to determining the relationship between ZDV exposure, efficacy, and toxicity."( Intracellular zidovudine (ZDV) and ZDV phosphates as measured by a validated combined high-pressure liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay procedure.
Hamzeh, FM; Kornhauser, DM; Kuwahara, SK; Lewis, LD; Lietman, PS; Slusher, JT, 1992)		0.28
"The plasma and intracellular phosphorylated metabolite concentrations of ZDV were determined over a 12 h period following oral administration of 100 and 300 mg ZDV to 10 HIV-seropositive patients at steady state during two dosing regimens (i."( The effect of zidovudine dose on the formation of intracellular phosphorylated metabolites.
Back, DJ; Barry, MG; Breckenridge, AM; Gibbons, SE; Hoggard, PG; Khoo, SH; Veal, GJ; Wilkins, EG; Williams, O, 1996)		0.29
" Data including demographic information, immunological markers (CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, CD5+/19+, CD8+, CD16+, CD19+, CD38+/8+ lymphocytes), hematologic function (absolute neutrophil count, white blood cell with differential, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count), concurrent medications, and dosage regimens were obtained."( Phosphorylated zidovudine concentrations in mononuclear cells in pediatric patients with human immunodeficiency virus infections.
Baker, RC; Brady, MT; Hunkler, JA; McOwen, NM; Nahata, MC; Sobol, BJ; Wintermeyer, SM, 1997)		0.3
" Based on these findings this pharmacodynamic model can be applied to predict starting doses for a new agent based on simulated biological responses as a function of time for dosage regimens comprising one or two agents."( Development of a pharmacodynamic model for HIV treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors.
Hurwitz, SJ; Schinazi, RF, 2002)		0.31
" In conclusion, with the persistence of 4'-Ed4TTP and persistent anti-HIV activity in cells, we anticipate less frequent dosing and fewer patient compliance issues than for D4T."( Intracellular metabolism and persistence of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine, a novel thymidine analog.
Baba, M; Cheng, YC; Dutschman, GE; Grill, SP; Hu, R; Lam, W; Paintsil, E; Tanaka, H, 2007)		0.34
"Phase 0 studies can provide initial pharmacokinetics (PKs) data in humans and help to facilitate early drug development, but their predictive value for standard dosing is controversial."( Biphasic elimination of tenofovir diphosphate and nonlinear pharmacokinetics of zidovudine triphosphate in a microdosing study.
Chen, J; Flexner, C; Fuchs, EJ; Hendrix, CW; Liberman, RG; Louissaint, NA; Skipper, PL; Tannenbaum, SR, 2012)		0.61
" Blood samples were obtained from 14 infants on postdelivery days (PDD) 1, 7, 14, and 28 and from 17 infants at 0 and 4 hours after dosing on PDD-1."( High Plasma Concentrations of Zidovudine (AZT) Do Not Parallel Intracellular Concentrations of AZT-Triphosphates in Infants During Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission.
Gatanaga, H; Ha, do Q; Hosokawa, S; Kato, S; Kikuchi, Y; Kinai, E; Kinh, NV; Lam, NV; Liem, NT; Oka, S; Sadatsuki, M, 2016)		0.43
" A safer dosage needs to be determined because high pAZT levels do not parallel those of icAZT-TP."( High Plasma Concentrations of Zidovudine (AZT) Do Not Parallel Intracellular Concentrations of AZT-Triphosphates in Infants During Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission.
Gatanaga, H; Ha, do Q; Hosokawa, S; Kato, S; Kikuchi, Y; Kinai, E; Kinh, NV; Lam, NV; Liem, NT; Oka, S; Sadatsuki, M, 2016)		0.43
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Pathways (1)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Zidovudine Action Pathway05

Protein Targets (9)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
DNA polymerase catalytic subunitHuman alphaherpesvirus 1 strain KOSIC50 (µMol)3.30000.43801.86903.3000AID340465
DNA polymerase catalytic subunitHuman alphaherpesvirus 1 strain 17IC50 (µMol)3.30000.50001.46673.3000AID255129
DNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)16.00001.40006.56679.0000AID355062
DNA polymerase catalytic subunitHuman herpesvirus 5 strain AD169IC50 (µMol)22.10000.40001.31742.5000AID255119; AID307427
DNA polymerase catalytic subunitHuman herpesvirus 3 strain DumasIC50 (µMol)8.90000.28001.93005.8000AID255124
DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)12.20001.00002.74294.3000AID255106; AID355060
DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)2.30002.30002.30002.3000AID255107
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)0.98350.00011.076810.0000AID1636131; AID198395; AID241929; AID323427; AID323429; AID323441; AID323443; AID355050; AID360704; AID360705; AID405417
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.05970.00031.552310.0000AID238445; AID341970; AID341972
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1Kd18.07710.00062.40599.8000AID432585; AID432586; AID432587; AID432588; AID572771; AID618865; AID618875
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1ID5054.00000.00140.85491.7000AID162539
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (38)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap fillingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated DNA replicationDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA repairDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
base-excision repairDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
base-excision repair, gap-fillingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine dimer repairDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
salivary gland morphogenesisDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damageDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genesDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
lymph node developmentDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
spleen developmentDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
homeostasis of number of cellsDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to hyperoxiaDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D-J recombinationDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA biosynthetic processDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joiningDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA repairDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA synthesis involved in UV-damage excision repairDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA synthesis involved in DNA repairDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA replicationDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA replication, synthesis of primerDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA replication initiationDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replicationDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
leading strand elongationDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
lagging strand elongationDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA repairDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joiningDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of type I interferon productionDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
mitotic DNA replication initiationDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA synthesis involved in DNA repairDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA replicationDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated DNA replicationDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA repairDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
base-excision repair, gap-fillingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap fillingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
response to UVDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid homeostasisDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
error-free translesion synthesisDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA biosynthetic processDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA replication proofreadingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (19)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
damaged DNA bindingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-directed DNA polymerase activityDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activityDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
microtubule bindingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
lyase activityDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activityDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activityDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleotide bindingDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-directed DNA polymerase activityDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA replication origin bindingDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
single-stranded DNA bindingDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
nucleotide bindingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
damaged DNA bindingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-directed DNA polymerase activityDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster bindingDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
3'-5'-DNA exonuclease activityDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (17)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleusDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
microtubuleDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
spindle microtubuleDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelopeDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
alpha DNA polymerase:primase complexDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
nucleolusDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinDNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
chromosome, telomeric regionDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
membraneDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
aggresomeDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
delta DNA polymerase complexDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair complexDNA polymerase delta catalytic subunitHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (121)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID323417Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(a) in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323454Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/69S-SG/184V/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 5'-A12-(GACT)5-3' by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID282614Stability in CEM cell extract2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27
Synthesis of AZT 5'-triphosphate mimics and their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID323461Activity of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 3.2 mM ATP by prA/odT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID481586Inhibition of VZV KOS DNA polymerase infected in HFF cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10
Modifications of C-2 on the pyrroloquinoline template aimed at the development of potent herpesvirus antivirals with improved aqueous solubility.
AID241929Inhibitory concentration against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4
4'C-ethynyl-thymidine acts as a chain terminator during DNA-synthesis catalyzed by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID432621Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y mutant relative to wild type2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID307437Inhibition of human DNA polymerase delta by scintillation proximity assay2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12
2-Aryl-2-hydroxyethylamine substituted 4-oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridines as broad-spectrum inhibitors of human herpesvirus polymerases.
AID1636131Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase using T19-Cy5 labeled 23-mer DNA/T2-TAMRA labeled 63-mer DNA as primer/template assessed as inhibition of dNTP incorporation into primer/template2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 59, Issue:15
Discovery and Structure-Based Optimization of 2-Ureidothiophene-3-carboxylic Acids as Dual Bacterial RNA Polymerase and Viral Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.
AID572771Binding affinity to HIV1 reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID323434Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/184V/210W/215Y mutant by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID355062Inhibition of DNA polymerase beta1996Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 59, Issue:9
Specific inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mediated by soulattrolide, a coumarin isolated from the latex of calophyllum teysmannii.
AID355050Inhibition of DNA dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV1 recombinant reverse transcriptase p66/p511996Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 59, Issue:9
Specific inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mediated by soulattrolide, a coumarin isolated from the latex of calophyllum teysmannii.
AID618876Ratio Kpol to Kd for wild type HIV 1 reverse transcriptase2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID323440Inhibition of HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/215Y/219Q mutant by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID255106Inhibition of human alpha DNA polymerase (95 uL) activity in a solution containg 6.4 mM HEPES (pH 7.5) upon incubation for 12 minutes at 26 degrees C with the compound dissolved in DMSO2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18
4-Oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridines as non-nucleoside inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus and related herpesvirus polymerases.
AID360704Inhibition of HIV1 RT mediated DNA-dependent DNA synthesis initiation using RNA/DNAM duplex primed substrate by scintillation proximity assay2007The Journal of biological chemistry, Mar-16, Volume: 282, Issue:11
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase plus-strand initiation exhibits preferential sensitivity to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in vitro.
AID238445Inhibitory constant against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-07, Volume: 48, Issue:7
Synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-alpha-P-borano-beta,gamma-(difluoromethylene)triphosphates and their inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID323429Inhibition of HIV1 pNL4-3 reverse transcriptase wild type pNL4-3 in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID432588Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID341975Ratio of Ki/Km for HIV1 reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/L210W/T215Y mutant to Ki/Km for wild-type reverse transcriptase2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Effects of the translocation status of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on the efficiency of excision of tenofovir.
AID340468Inhibition of human polymerase delta by scintillation proximity assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 18, Issue:14
Synthesis of 4-oxo-4,7-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamides with broad-spectrum human herpesvirus polymerase inhibition.
AID432622Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V mutant relative to wild type2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID432586Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M184V mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID405416Inhibition of PERV reverse transcriptase from Kagoshima pig DRK4 cells2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Selective inhibition of porcine endogenous retrovirus replication in human cells by acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.
AID323423Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 75I/77L/116Y/151M mutant in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID1636135Inhibition of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 59, Issue:15
Discovery and Structure-Based Optimization of 2-Ureidothiophene-3-carboxylic Acids as Dual Bacterial RNA Polymerase and Viral Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.
AID323426Inhibition of HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/215Y/219Q mutant in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323437Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 75I/77L/116Y/151M mutant by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323450Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(a) in presence of 5'-A12-(GACT)5-3' by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323442Inhibition of HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase 65R mutant by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323433Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/210W/215Y mutant by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID432589Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V/G333D mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID83422The inhibition of compound was determined by reverse transcriptase assay using RNA as template1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2
1-(2,3-Dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine. A highly potent and selective anti-HIV agent.
AID323449Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(a) in presence of 5'-A12-(GTCA)5-3' by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID432616Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M184V mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID255119Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase (95 uL) activity in a solution containing 6.4 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), incubation for 12 minutes at 26 degrees C2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18
4-Oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridines as non-nucleoside inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus and related herpesvirus polymerases.
AID360705Inhibition of HIV1 RT mediated DNA-dependent DNA synthesis initiation using RNA PPT primed substrate by scintillation proximity assay2007The Journal of biological chemistry, Mar-16, Volume: 282, Issue:11
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase plus-strand initiation exhibits preferential sensitivity to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in vitro.
AID323462Activity of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/69S-SG/184V/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 3.2 mM ATP by prA/odT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323430Inhibition of HIV1 pNL4-3 reverse transcriptase 115F mutant in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID464099Inhibition of Varicella zoster virus recombinant DNA polymerase expressed in baculovirus infected SF9 cells after 12 mins by scintillation proximity assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 20, Issue:6
The design and development of 2-aryl-2-hydroxy ethylamine substituted 1H,7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]quinoxaline-6-carboxamides as inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus polymerase.
AID323424Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 75I/77L/116Y/151M/184V mutant in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID341973Ratio of Ki for HIV1 reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/L210W/T215Y mutant to Ki for wild-type reverse transcriptase2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Effects of the translocation status of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on the efficiency of excision of tenofovir.
AID355060Inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha1996Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 59, Issue:9
Specific inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mediated by soulattrolide, a coumarin isolated from the latex of calophyllum teysmannii.
AID464096Inhibition of HCMV recombinant DNA polymerase expressed in baculovirus infected SF9 cells after 12 mins by scintillation proximity assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 20, Issue:6
The design and development of 2-aryl-2-hydroxy ethylamine substituted 1H,7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]quinoxaline-6-carboxamides as inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus polymerase.
AID405414Inhibition of PERV reverse transcriptase from pig PK15 cells2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Selective inhibition of porcine endogenous retrovirus replication in human cells by acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.
AID323463Activity of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(b) in presence of 3.2 mM ATP by prA/odT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323425Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(b) in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID282610Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27
Synthesis of AZT 5'-triphosphate mimics and their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID618865Binding affinity to HIV1 reverse transcriptase assessed as L-3'-azido-NTP incorporation in nascent DNA2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID341971Ratio of Ki to Km for HIV1 reverse transcriptase by steady state nucleotide incorporation assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Effects of the translocation status of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on the efficiency of excision of tenofovir.
AID340466Inhibition of VZV DNA polymerase by scintillation proximity assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 18, Issue:14
Synthesis of 4-oxo-4,7-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamides with broad-spectrum human herpesvirus polymerase inhibition.
AID340464Inhibition of HCMV DNA polymerase by scintillation proximity assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 18, Issue:14
Synthesis of 4-oxo-4,7-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamides with broad-spectrum human herpesvirus polymerase inhibition.
AID323443Inhibition of HIV1 pNL4-3 reverse transcriptase wild type pNL4-3 by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323421Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/69S-SG/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323418Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 184V mutant in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID1053517Binding affinity to HIV1 reverse transcriptase assessed as compound incorporation into DNA by primer extension assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Clicking 3'-azidothymidine into novel potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus.
AID432620Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M184V mutant relative to wild type2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID432618Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID341972Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/L210W/T215Y mutant by steady state nucleotide incorporation assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Effects of the translocation status of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on the efficiency of excision of tenofovir.
AID323420Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/184V/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID299449Inhibition of human DNA polymerase delta2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14
7-Oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-6-carboxamides: synthesis and biological activity of a new class of highly potent inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase.
AID572772Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID323458Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(b) in presence of 3.2 mM ATP by prA/odT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323428Inhibition of HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase 65R mutant in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323419Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID307427Inhibition of HCMV DNA polymerase by scintillation proximity assay2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12
2-Aryl-2-hydroxyethylamine substituted 4-oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridines as broad-spectrum inhibitors of human herpesvirus polymerases.
AID432617Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID572770Activity at HIV1 reverse transcriptase measured after 30 mins2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID299437Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14
7-Oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-6-carboxamides: synthesis and biological activity of a new class of highly potent inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase.
AID282613Stability in fetal calf serum at 500 uM at 37 degC2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27
Synthesis of AZT 5'-triphosphate mimics and their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID307428Inhibition of HSV1 DNA polymerase by scintillation proximity assay2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12
2-Aryl-2-hydroxyethylamine substituted 4-oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridines as broad-spectrum inhibitors of human herpesvirus polymerases.
AID323448Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 20 uM dNTP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323456Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 3.2 mM ATP by prA/odT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323435Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/69S-SG/210W/215Y mutant by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID307429Inhibition of VZV DNA polymerase by scintillation proximity assay2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12
2-Aryl-2-hydroxyethylamine substituted 4-oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridines as broad-spectrum inhibitors of human herpesvirus polymerases.
AID432623Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V/G333D mutant relative to wild type2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID299441Inhibition of VZV DNA polymerase2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14
7-Oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-6-carboxamides: synthesis and biological activity of a new class of highly potent inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase.
AID323460Activity of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(a) in presence of 3.2 mM ATP by prA/odT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID432615Ratio of Kpol to Kd for wild type HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID255124Inhibition of Varicella-Zoster virus DNA polymerase (95 uL) activity in a solution containing 6.4 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), incubation for 12 minutes at 26 degrees C2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18
4-Oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridines as non-nucleoside inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus and related herpesvirus polymerases.
AID255129Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase (95 uL) activity in a solution containing 6.4 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), incubation for 12 minutes at 26 degrees C2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18
4-Oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridines as non-nucleoside inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus and related herpesvirus polymerases.
AID432587Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID334986Inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase assessed as incorporation of [3H]dTMP at 100 nM
AID323451Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 5'-A12-(GTCA)5-3' by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID198395Tested against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) with poly(rA)/(dT)12-18 as template and [methyl-3H]-dTTP as competing substrate1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-28, Volume: 37, Issue:22
The synthesis of nucleoside 5'-O-(1,1-dithiotriphosphates).
AID405415Inhibition of PERV reverse transcriptase from Kagoshima pig KK5 cells2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Selective inhibition of porcine endogenous retrovirus replication in human cells by acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.
AID432585Binding affinity to wild type HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID323422Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/69S-SG/184V/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323464Activity of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/215Y/219Q mutant in presence of 3.2 mM ATP by prA/odT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323457Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/69S-SG/184V/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 3.2 mM ATP by prA/odT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID481584Inhibition of HSV1 KOS DNA polymerase infected in african green monkey Vero cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10
Modifications of C-2 on the pyrroloquinoline template aimed at the development of potent herpesvirus antivirals with improved aqueous solubility.
AID323445Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(a) in presence of 1 uM dNTP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID405417Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant reverse transcriptase2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Selective inhibition of porcine endogenous retrovirus replication in human cells by acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.
AID323438Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 75I/77L/116Y/151M/184V mutant by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID340465Inhibition of HSV1 DNA polymerase by scintillation proximity assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 18, Issue:14
Synthesis of 4-oxo-4,7-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamides with broad-spectrum human herpesvirus polymerase inhibition.
AID323444Inhibition of HIV1 pNL4-3 reverse transcriptase 115F mutant by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323452Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 5'-A12-(GACT)5-3' by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323446Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(a) in presence of 20 uM dNTP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID162539Evaluated for the inhibition of HIV-1 Protease.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 39, Issue:10
Discovery of novel, non-peptide HIV-1 protease inhibitors by pharmacophore searching.
AID237107Half-life determined in fetal calf serum2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-07, Volume: 48, Issue:7
Synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-alpha-P-borano-beta,gamma-(difluoromethylene)triphosphates and their inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID323447Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 1 uM dNTP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323432Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 184V mutant by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323453Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/69S-SG/184V/210W/215Y mutant in presence of 5'-A12-(GTCA)5-3' by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323459Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/67N/70R/215Y/219Q mutant in presence of 3.2 mM ATP by prA/odT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID341974Ratio of Ki to Km for HIV1 reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/L210W/T215Y mutant by steady state nucleotide incorporation assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Effects of the translocation status of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on the efficiency of excision of tenofovir.
AID323427Inhibition of HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase wild type in presence of 5 mM ATP by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323455Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(a) in presence of 3.2 mM ATP by prA/odT assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID618935Selectivity ratio of Kpol to Kd for TTP to Kpol to Kd for compound at HIV1 reverse transcriptase2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID323431Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(a) by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID299440Inhibition of HSV1 DNA polymerase2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14
7-Oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-6-carboxamides: synthesis and biological activity of a new class of highly potent inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase.
AID323436Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase 41L/69S-SG/184V/210W/215Y mutant by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID432619Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V/G333D mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID572764Selectivity, ratio of Kpol to Kd for TTP to Kpol to Kd for compound at HIV1 reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID323439Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase wild type HXB2(b) by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID323441Inhibition of HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase wild type LAI by heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Biochemical studies on the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine triphosphate.
AID618875Binding affinity to HIV1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant assessed as L-3'-azido-NTP incorporation in nascent DNA2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID255107Inhibition of human delta DNA polymerase (95 uL) activity in a solution containg 6.4 mM HEPES (pH 7.5) upon incubation for 12 minutes at 26 degrees C with the compound dissolved in DMSO2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18
4-Oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridines as non-nucleoside inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus and related herpesvirus polymerases.
AID83421The inhibition of compound was determined by reverse transcriptase assay using DNA as template1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2
1-(2,3-Dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine. A highly potent and selective anti-HIV agent.
AID481581Inhibition of HCMV DNA polymerase infected in HFF cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 20, Issue:10
Modifications of C-2 on the pyrroloquinoline template aimed at the development of potent herpesvirus antivirals with improved aqueous solubility.
AID341970Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase by steady state nucleotide incorporation assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
Effects of the translocation status of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on the efficiency of excision of tenofovir.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (192)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199012 (6.25)18.7374
1990's89 (46.35)18.2507
2000's67 (34.90)29.6817
2010's22 (11.46)24.3611
2020's2 (1.04)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 17.50

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index17.50 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.32 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.18 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index15.26 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (17.50)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (9.09%)5.53%
Trials4 (2.01%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Reviews3 (1.51%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other10 (90.91%)84.16%
Other192 (96.48%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		210dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		6.62121azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		210pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate: inhibits thymidylate kinase		6.54111
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1		1.9710purine nucleoside
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		1.9710
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
adenine
[no description available]		4.07316-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		2.2510amino-acid anion
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.6630monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cytosine
[no description available]		2.4120aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		210alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
triphosphoric acid
triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.		2.0210phosphoric acidsalgal metabolite;
fertilizer;
human metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
diphosphoric acid
diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.		2.0710acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid		Escherichia coli metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		2.3820pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		1.9910isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dapi
DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.		1.9810indolesfluorochrome
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		4.09150carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.02140cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
streptonigrin
[no description available]		2.0110pyridines;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.3920aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
thymidine
[no description available]		3.3770pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		2.0210alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		2.4220amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		210aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		1.9810monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		210amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		2.0110adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		6.66121cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		2.0210amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		2.0210amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.0210L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.420erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		2.4120aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		2.6930mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
flavaspidic acid
flavaspidic acid: isolated from rhizomes of male fern; structure		1.9910
benzoxazoles
1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.		2.4201,3-benzoxazoles;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.01101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		1.9810diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).		2.730thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.		1.9810
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.0610pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxycytidine monophosphate
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.01102'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.46202'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate
hydrocortisone succinate : A derivative of succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups is esterified by the C-21 hydroxy group of cortisol (hydrocortisone).		1.9910dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
uridine diphosphate galactose
Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.		1.9810UDP-D-galactosemouse metabolite
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		3.89120dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
dideoxyadenosine
Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.		1.9910adenosines;
purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.1110beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
enbucrilate
Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.		2.0310alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
nitrile
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.2660pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate
Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate: A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.		3.520
alovudine
[no description available]		1.9710pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		1.9710pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		13.121744azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		2.03101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
oltipraz
oltipraz : A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.		1.98101,2-dithiole;
pyrazines		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimutagen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin;
protective agent;
schistosomicide drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.68306-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		2.4120phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
lamivudine
[no description available]		7.05181monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		2.0510monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		1.9710adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.1250acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		4.2170pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
calanolide a
calanolide A: NSC 661122 and costatolide are isomers; a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum (Clusiaceae); structure in first source. (+)-calanolide A : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10R,11S,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.		1.9910cyclic ether;
delta-lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
plant metabolite
5-ethyl-1-ethoxymethyl-6-(phenylthio)uracil
5-ethyl-1-ethoxymethyl-6-(phenylthio)uracil: inhibits human HIV-1; structure given in first source		1.9810
l-697661
L-697661: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor		2.0310
emivirine
emivirine: a non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. emivirine : A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted at positions 1, 5 and 6 by ethoxymethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl groups, respectively. A non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, emivirine was an unsuccessful experimental agent for the treatment of HIV.		1.9810pyrimidoneantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate
ddTTP : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having thymine as the nucleobase.		3.85120pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate
deoxyuridine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0410deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.72302'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2',3'-dideoxythymidine
[no description available]		1.9710
lissamine rhodamine b
lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt		2.0310
2',3'-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate
[no description available]		3.3970purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate
stavudine triphosphate
stavudine triphosphate: shows termination substrate properties in DNA synthesis catalyzed by several different DNA polymerases; also abbreviated d4TTP		2.9340
2',3'-dideoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate
[no description available]		2.0310
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate: inhibits thymidylate kinase		7.44281
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		2.11101,2,3-triazole
lodenosine
lodenosine: anti-HIV nucleoside analog, the flourine atom on lodenosine is located at 2-arabinoside location, while 2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine has the flourine residue at the 2-ribose sugar location		1.9910
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate: inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase & has potent DNA chain termination activity		2.0210
4'-azidothymidine
4'-azidothymidine: inhibits HIV replication in human lymphocytes		2.0310
lavendamycin
lavendamycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; structure given in first source		2.0110
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus RNA synthesis		2.9140
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		210amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		2.4120oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
3'-fluorothymidine-5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		3.150
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		1.9910biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		4.4851divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
etravirine
[no description available]		2.1310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid
Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein.. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains		1.9810CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acidmouse metabolite
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.0510
TTP
[no description available]		2.0610pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
lamivudine triphosphate
[no description available]		11.88151
aphidicolin
Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.		3.4170tetracyclic diterpenoidantimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
apoptosis inducer;
Aspergillus metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
costatolide
(-)-calanolide B : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10S,11R,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.		1.9910cyclic ether;
delta-lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
plant metabolite
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		9.1231nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
pnu183792
PNU183792: structure in first source		2.4420
6-phosphonylmethoxyethoxy-2,4-diaminopyrimidine
[no description available]		2.0310
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		3.150diphosphate ion
r 82150
R 82150: structure given in first source; inhibits HIV-1 replication		2.3820
r-82913
R-82913: antiviral target on reverse transcriptase of HIV-1		1.9810
2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine
2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine: a highly active anti-HIV agent; structure in first source		2.0310
phosphothreonine
Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.		210L-threonine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
mtt formazan
MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes		2.0310
casein kinase ii
Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.		210
tenofovir diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0510
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0510fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
rilpivirine
[no description available]		2.1310aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		2.0310
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		210D-ribose;
ribopyranose
arabinofuranosyluracil
Arabinofuranosyluracil: A pyrimidine nucleoside formed in the body by the deamination of CYTARABINE.		1.9810
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.420
chitosan
[no description available]		2.0310
sofosbuvir
Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		2.2510isopropyl ester;
L-alanyl ester;
nucleotide conjugate;
organofluorine compound;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
prodrug
nsc 158393
NSC 158393: structure given in first source		1.9910
5'-deoxythymidine
5'-deoxythymidine: structure given in first source; used to study mechanism of entry into human erythrocytes in comparison with other deoxythymidines		2.0110
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		3.63902-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		2.0110deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.7130deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.9240guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		2.0110guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
inosine triphosphate
Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.		1.9910inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		3.0950purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		3.29602-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
2-aminopurine dioxolane
(4-2-aminopurin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol: structure in first source		2.0110
acyclovir triphosphate
[no description available]		2.6930
nsc 614846
carbovir: structure given in first source; potent & selective anti-HIV agent. carbovir : Cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl group such that the two substitutents on the cyclopentene ring are in a cis relationship. The (-)-enantiomer, also known as carbovir, is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication replication in cell cultures.. (-)-carbovir : The (active) (-)-enantiomer of the carbocyclic analogue of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydroguanosine.		1.9810carbovirHIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
2',3'-dideoxyguanosine
[no description available]		1.9910
9-arabinofuranosylguanine
9-arabinofuranosylguanine: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine : A purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death.		1.9910beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
carbovir triphosphate
carbovir triphosphate: metabolite of abacavir. carbovir triphosphate : The organic triphosphate that is the 5'-triphosphate of (-)-carbovir.		2.9240organic triphosphate
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylguanosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9810
2',3'-dideoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		3.0950
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		2.3820
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		1.9810
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.3920
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.3920
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		06.162
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		08.73314
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		06.162
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		08.73314
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		03.580
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		010.67191
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		03.1350
Shingles
[description not available]		02.0310
Herpes Zoster
An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0310
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		02.2510
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		02.2510
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		02.2510
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.2110
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.2110
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.7330
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.7330
Infections, Lentivirus
[description not available]		02.0310
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.0310
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.0310
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia, T-Cell
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.		01.9810
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		01.9910
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		01.9910
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		0210
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		0210
Cystadenocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)		0210
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		0210
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		0210
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9710
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		01.9710