Page last updated: 2024-12-07

deltorphin i, ala(2)-

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth

Description

deltorphin I, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID10055958
CHEMBL ID317956
CHEBI ID81500
MeSH IDM0167363

Synonyms (31)

Synonym
deltorphin i, ala(2)-
deltorphin i
glycinamide, l-tyrosyl-d-alanyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-alpha-aspartyl-l-valyl-l-valyl-
deltorphin c
NCGC00167304-01
CHEMBL317956 ,
chebi:81500 ,
C18097
122752-15-2
bdbm50001468
3-(2-{2-[2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionylamino]-propionylamino}-3-phenyl-propionylamino)-n-{1-[1-(carbamoylmethyl-carbamoyl)-2-methyl-propylcarbamoyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-succinamic acid
(s)-3-((s)-2-{(r)-2-[(s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionylamino]-propionylamino}-3-phenyl-propionylamino)-n-{(s)-1-[(s)-1-(carbamoylmethyl-carbamoyl)-2-methyl-propylcarbamoyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-succinamic acid
tyr-d-ala-phe-asp-val-val-gly-nh2
h-tyr-d-ala-phe-asp-val-val-gly-nh2
AKOS024458238
deltorphin 1; deltorphin c
DTXSID10153692
mfcd00080071
J-004850
Q5254879
deltorphin c(9ci)
tyr-d-ala-phe-asp-val-val-gly-nh(2)
tyr-d-ala-phe-asp-val-val-glynh2
(s)-4-((s)-1-((s)-1-(2-amino-2-oxoethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylamino)-3-((s)-2-((r)-2-((s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamido)propanamido)-3-phenylpropanamido)-4-oxobutanoic acid
HY-P1336
CS-0029459
(3s)-3-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
deltorphin 1
deltorphin i(tfa)
MS-31392
deltophin 1

Research Excerpts

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"3 nmol/rat of DADELT II and shifted the dose-response curve to the right, without decreasing the maximum effect."( Behavioural effects of deltorphins in rats.
Angelucci, F; Negri, L; Noviello, V, 1991
)
0.28
" Dose-response curves for 1DMe in the presence of naltrindole or naltrexone, delta- and mu-opioid selective antagonists respectively, indicate that 1DMe preferentially reversed mu-receptor-mediated but increased delta-receptor-mediated analgesia."( Differential modulation of mu- and delta-opioid antinociception by neuropeptide FF receptors in young mice.
Desprat, C; Zajac, JM, 1997
)
0.3
" Endomorphin-1, endomorphin-2 and deltorphin I at the dosage of 1, 10, 100 nmol/embryo could stimulate angiogenesis dose-dependently, respectively."( Endogenous opioid peptides, endomorphin-1 and -2 and deltorphin I, stimulate angiogenesis in the CAM assay.
Cui, SG; Dai, X; Liu, Q; Song, HJ; Wang, R; Wang, T, 2008
)
0.35
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
peptideAmide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (10)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.19230.031622.3146100.0000AID588579
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.38720.251215.843239.8107AID504327
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Delta-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)0.00030.00010.729810.0000AID132686; AID148639; AID148649
Delta-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.00080.00000.53939.4000AID149091
Delta-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.00050.00030.38877.0000AID147812
Delta-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.00030.00000.60689.2330AID149344; AID149348; AID149350; AID149651; AID149812
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.24990.00000.38458.6000AID149296; AID149301; AID149308; AID151595; AID151765
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.22500.00010.813310.0000AID152240
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.00090.00020.75218.0140AID147812; AID148079
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00170.00000.59789.9300AID149777
Kappa-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki10.00000.00000.20186.4240AID149119
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)7.33000.00001.201110.0000AID147860
Mu-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.67700.00000.27869.0000AID147905
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC50 (µMol)0.00000.00000.06470.9320AID277680
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)1.13000.00000.32639.4000AID152235
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.00160.00000.43328.3000AID147950; AID277680; AID314190
Mu-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)EC50 (µMol)0.00000.00000.04930.9320AID277680
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Delta-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Activity0.08100.00000.11931.2200AID310939
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (52)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sensory perceptionMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of painMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathwayMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to ethanolMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurogenesisMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Wnt protein secretionMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to morphineMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to stressMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of NMDA receptor activityMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathwayMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
immune responseDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activityDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylationDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to nicotineDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathwayDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
eating behaviorDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potentialDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transportDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to growth factor stimulusDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to toxic substanceDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathwayDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
immune responseKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sensory perceptionKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of painKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathwayKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to insulinKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine secretionKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretionKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to nicotineKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathwayKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
maternal behaviorKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
eating behaviorKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
estrous cycleKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of saliva secretionKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaineKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of temperature stimulusKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharideKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulusKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of p38MAPK cascadeKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to acrylamideKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of eating behaviorKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
conditioned place preferenceKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathwayKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (12)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G-protein alpha-subunit bindingMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activityMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
beta-endorphin receptor activityMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel activityMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
morphine receptor activityMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G-protein beta-subunit bindingMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide bindingMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor activityDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
receptor serine/threonine kinase bindingDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activityDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide bindingDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor activityKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
receptor serine/threonine kinase bindingKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dynorphin receptor activityKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide bindingKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (23)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
endosomeMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axonMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
perikaryonMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapseMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionMu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite membraneDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
spine apparatusDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membraneDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal dense core vesicleDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionDelta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
membraneKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sarcoplasmic reticulumKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
T-tubuleKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
perikaryonKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionKappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (103)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID256772Selectivity for rat mu opioid receptor over delta opioid receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-29, Volume: 48, Issue:26
Conversion of the potent delta-opioid agonist H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(2)-bid into delta-opioid antagonists by N(1)-benzimidazole alkylation(1).
AID139793Delta or Mu antagonist activity tested in mouse vas deferens (MVD) along with, naloxone2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-31, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Evaluation of the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore: conversion of a potent delta-opioid receptor antagonist into a potent delta agonist and ligands with mixed properties.
AID235157Selectivity ratio for mu and delta opioid receptors1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Design of cyclic deltorphins and dermenkephalins with a disulfide bridge leads to analogues with high selectivity for delta-opioid receptors.
AID149401Inhibition of [3H][p-Cl-Phe-]DPDE binding to rat brain homogenate delta-opioid receptor1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Design of cyclic deltorphins and dermenkephalins with a disulfide bridge leads to analogues with high selectivity for delta-opioid receptors.
AID151609Binding affinity against Opioid receptor mu 1 using [3H]DAMGO in rat brain synaptosomes was determined2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-25, Volume: 12, Issue:6
Dermorphin and deltorphin heptapeptide analogues: replacement of Phe residue by Dmp greatly improves opioid receptor affinity and selectivity.
AID148079Binding affinity at cloned human delta-opioid receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Novel C-terminus modifications of the Dmt-Tic motif: a new class of dipeptide analogues showing altered pharmacological profiles toward the opioid receptors.
AID224551Concentration required to inhibit electrically induced twitch by 50% in mouse vas deferens(MVD).1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 35, Issue:25
Para-substituted Phe3 deltorphin analogues: enhanced selectivity of halogenated derivatives for delta opioid receptor sites.
AID256771Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from rat mu opioid receptor in brain P2 synaptosomes2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-29, Volume: 48, Issue:26
Conversion of the potent delta-opioid agonist H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(2)-bid into delta-opioid antagonists by N(1)-benzimidazole alkylation(1).
AID148154Agonist potency using GTP-gamma [35S]- binding assay for opioid receptor kappa 1; Inactive2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Novel C-terminus modifications of the Dmt-Tic motif: a new class of dipeptide analogues showing altered pharmacological profiles toward the opioid receptors.
AID149319Ratio of the binding constant against opioid receptor mu and opioid receptor delta1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 35, Issue:25
Para-substituted Phe3 deltorphin analogues: enhanced selectivity of halogenated derivatives for delta opioid receptor sites.
AID233440Selectivity ratio measured as the Ki value of mu receptor to that of delta receptor1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16
Helix-inducing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in opioid mimetic deltorphin C analogues.
AID398174Displacement of [3H][Ile5,6]deltorphin-2 from delta opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membrane2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11
Biological activity of endomorphin and [Dmt1]endomorphin analogs with six-membered proline surrogates in position 2.
AID148640In vitro inhibition of electrically induced smooth muscle contractions of mouse vas deferens1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Design of cyclic deltorphins and dermenkephalins with a disulfide bridge leads to analogues with high selectivity for delta-opioid receptors.
AID149348Inhibition of [3H]- ]DSLET binding to opioid receptor delta from rat brain membrane1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-16, Volume: 35, Issue:21
Conformationally restricted deltorphin analogues.
AID239304Inhibition of [3H]naloxone binding to rat brain homogenate Opioid receptor delta2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-16, Volume: 15, Issue:10
6-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid mimics active conformation of tyrosine in opioid peptides.
AID147905Inhibition of [3H]DAMGO binding to Opioid receptor mu 1 of guinea pig brain1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 38, Issue:7
Opioid receptor binding requirements for the delta-selective peptide deltorphin. I: Phe3 replacement with ring-substituted and heterocyclic amino acids.
AID234202Ratio of the inhibitory concentrations against MVD and GPI.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 35, Issue:25
Para-substituted Phe3 deltorphin analogues: enhanced selectivity of halogenated derivatives for delta opioid receptor sites.
AID132686Inhibition of electrically evoked contractions in mouse vas deferens1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-16, Volume: 35, Issue:21
Conformationally restricted deltorphin analogues.
AID270135Agonist activity at delta opioid receptor assessed as inhibition of electrically-evoked contraction of mouse vas deferens2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 49, Issue:18
Effect of lysine at C-terminus of the Dmt-Tic opioid pharmacophore.
AID149301Inhibition of [3H]- ]DAMGO binding to opioid receptor mu from rat brain membrane1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-16, Volume: 35, Issue:21
Conformationally restricted deltorphin analogues.
AID108533Antinociceptive activity after subcutaneous administration in mice.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3
Dermorphin and deltorphin glycosylated analogues: synthesis and antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID151765Displacement of [3H]DAGO (1.28 nM) from Opioid receptor mu 11996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Design and synthesis of 1-aminocycloalkane-1-carboxylic acid-substituted deltorphin analogues: unique delta and mu opioid activity in modified peptides.
AID149357Potency to inhibit [3H]- ]DSLET binding to delta receptor relative to [Leu]enkephalin1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-16, Volume: 35, Issue:21
Conformationally restricted deltorphin analogues.
AID224591Tested for binding affinity against mu opioid receptor fby displacing [3H]- DAMGO radioligand from rat brain membrane preparations1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 36, Issue:21
TIPP[psi]: a highly potent and stable pseudopeptide delta opioid receptor antagonist with extraordinary delta selectivity.
AID149729Agonist activity was evaluated in guinea pig ileum (GPI) preparations at Opioid receptor mu 11997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 23. Synthesis, opioid receptor binding, and bioassay of the highly selective delta agonist (+)-4-[(alpha R)-alpha-((2S,5R)-4-Allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]- N,N-diethylbenzamide (SNC 80)
AID277680Activity at delta opioid receptor assessed as increase in calcium level in CHO cells by aequorin luminescence based calcium assay2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-08, Volume: 50, Issue:3
Synthesis and characterization of potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists, [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-1 (Antanal-1) and [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 (Antanal-2).
AID76378Tested for inhibition of amplification of electrically induced twitch in guinea pig ileum (GPI)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Phe3-substituted analogues of deltorphin C. Spatial conformation and topography of the aromatic ring in peptide recognition by delta opioid receptors.
AID141643Inhibition of [3H]CTOP binding to rat brain homogenate mu-opioid receptor1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Design of cyclic deltorphins and dermenkephalins with a disulfide bridge leads to analogues with high selectivity for delta-opioid receptors.
AID148516Agonist activity was evaluated in guinea pig ileum (GPI) preparations at Opioid receptor delta 11997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 23. Synthesis, opioid receptor binding, and bioassay of the highly selective delta agonist (+)-4-[(alpha R)-alpha-((2S,5R)-4-Allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]- N,N-diethylbenzamide (SNC 80)
AID149119Inhibition of [3H]- U 69593 from Opioid receptor kappa 1 of guinea pig brain1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 38, Issue:7
Opioid receptor binding requirements for the delta-selective peptide deltorphin. I: Phe3 replacement with ring-substituted and heterocyclic amino acids.
AID149796Binding affinity was determined on delta [3H]DPDPE site in rat brain synaptosomes by radioreceptor assay1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Phe3-substituted analogues of deltorphin C. Spatial conformation and topography of the aromatic ring in peptide recognition by delta opioid receptors.
AID148532Functional biological activity for Opioid receptor delta 1 was determined in vitro, on mouse vas deferens (MVD).1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16
Helix-inducing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in opioid mimetic deltorphin C analogues.
AID149316Potency to inhibit 3H ]DAMGO binding to opioid receptor mu relative to [Leu]enkephalin1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-16, Volume: 35, Issue:21
Conformationally restricted deltorphin analogues.
AID149091Displacement of [3H]NLT from Opioid receptor delta 1 of adult male mouse brain.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3
Dermorphin and deltorphin glycosylated analogues: synthesis and antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID228359Ratio of delta-Opioid receptor to the mu-opioid receptor1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-29, Volume: 40, Issue:18
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of deltorphin and dermorphin-related glycopeptides.
AID148639In vitro biological activity by electrically induced smooth muscle contractions in mouse vas deferens (Opioid receptor delta 1); inhibitory concentration was evaluated2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-25, Volume: 12, Issue:6
Dermorphin and deltorphin heptapeptide analogues: replacement of Phe residue by Dmp greatly improves opioid receptor affinity and selectivity.
AID138349In vitro concentration required to inhibit electrically evoked twitch in isolated mouse vas deferens.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3
Dermorphin and deltorphin glycosylated analogues: synthesis and antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID149350Binding affinity against opioid receptor delta in rats by displacing [3H]DPDPE1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 35, Issue:25
Para-substituted Phe3 deltorphin analogues: enhanced selectivity of halogenated derivatives for delta opioid receptor sites.
AID149812Displacement of [3H]DPDPE (0.63 nM) from Opioid receptor delta 11996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Design and synthesis of 1-aminocycloalkane-1-carboxylic acid-substituted deltorphin analogues: unique delta and mu opioid activity in modified peptides.
AID310939Displacement of [3H]naltrindole from rat delta opioid receptor expressed in C6 cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 50, Issue:8
Quantitative conformationally sampled pharmacophore for delta opioid ligands: reevaluation of hydrophobic moieties essential for biological activity.
AID152235Agonist potency using GTP-gamma [35S]- binding assay for mu-opioid receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Novel C-terminus modifications of the Dmt-Tic motif: a new class of dipeptide analogues showing altered pharmacological profiles toward the opioid receptors.
AID138857In vitro inhibition of electrically evoked contractions in guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Design of cyclic deltorphins and dermenkephalins with a disulfide bridge leads to analogues with high selectivity for delta-opioid receptors.
AID227065IC50 ratio measured as the IC50 value of GPI to that of MVD.1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16
Helix-inducing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in opioid mimetic deltorphin C analogues.
AID314190Antagonist activity at delta opioid receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as release of intracellular calcium ions by aequorin luminescence-based calcium assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4
Novel highly potent mu-opioid receptor antagonist based on endomorphin-2 structure.
AID235354Relative binding to mu and delta opioid receptors (ratio of Ki)1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 38, Issue:7
Opioid receptor binding requirements for the delta-selective peptide deltorphin. I: Phe3 replacement with ring-substituted and heterocyclic amino acids.
AID151611Binding affinity for rat brain P2 synaptosome Opioid receptor mu 12002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-31, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Evaluation of the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore: conversion of a potent delta-opioid receptor antagonist into a potent delta agonist and ligands with mixed properties.
AID147950Agonist potency using GTP-gamma [35S]- binding assay for delta-opioid receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Novel C-terminus modifications of the Dmt-Tic motif: a new class of dipeptide analogues showing altered pharmacological profiles toward the opioid receptors.
AID149308Binding affinity against opioid receptor mu in rats by displacing [3H]-DAGO1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 35, Issue:25
Para-substituted Phe3 deltorphin analogues: enhanced selectivity of halogenated derivatives for delta opioid receptor sites.
AID23166Half-life time of enzymatic breakdown in mouse brain.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3
Dermorphin and deltorphin glycosylated analogues: synthesis and antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID149939Tested for binding affinity against delta opioid receptor by displacing [3H]- DSLET radioligand from rat brain membrane preparations1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 36, Issue:21
TIPP[psi]: a highly potent and stable pseudopeptide delta opioid receptor antagonist with extraordinary delta selectivity.
AID229963IC50 ratio (GPI/MVD)1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-16, Volume: 35, Issue:21
Conformationally restricted deltorphin analogues.
AID229342Ratio of inhibitory concentration of guinea pig ileum to mouse vas deferens was determined2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-25, Volume: 12, Issue:6
Dermorphin and deltorphin heptapeptide analogues: replacement of Phe residue by Dmp greatly improves opioid receptor affinity and selectivity.
AID151895Opioid receptor mu 1 binding affinity by displacement of radioligand [3H][DAla,MePhe,Gly-ol]enkephalin (DAGO) from rat brain membrane synaptosomes1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-29, Volume: 40, Issue:18
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of deltorphin and dermorphin-related glycopeptides.
AID223198Concentration required to inhibit electrically induced twitch by 50% in guinea pig ileum(GPI).1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 35, Issue:25
Para-substituted Phe3 deltorphin analogues: enhanced selectivity of halogenated derivatives for delta opioid receptor sites.
AID149935Opioid receptor delta 1 binding affinity by displacement of radioligand [3H][D-Pen]-enkephalin (DPDPE) from rat brain membrane synaptosomes1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-29, Volume: 40, Issue:18
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of deltorphin and dermorphin-related glycopeptides.
AID224710Relative potency to that of [Leu5]- enkephalin1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 36, Issue:21
TIPP[psi]: a highly potent and stable pseudopeptide delta opioid receptor antagonist with extraordinary delta selectivity.
AID231652Binding ratio between delta and mu receptor was determined1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Phe3-substituted analogues of deltorphin C. Spatial conformation and topography of the aromatic ring in peptide recognition by delta opioid receptors.
AID139792Delta or Mu antagonist activity tested in mouse vas deferens (MVD) along with N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-31, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Evaluation of the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore: conversion of a potent delta-opioid receptor antagonist into a potent delta agonist and ligands with mixed properties.
AID149950Relative potency to that of [Leu5]- enkephalin1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 36, Issue:21
TIPP[psi]: a highly potent and stable pseudopeptide delta opioid receptor antagonist with extraordinary delta selectivity.
AID229970IC50 ratio on Mu receptor of GPI to the delta receptor MVD1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 23. Synthesis, opioid receptor binding, and bioassay of the highly selective delta agonist (+)-4-[(alpha R)-alpha-((2S,5R)-4-Allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]- N,N-diethylbenzamide (SNC 80)
AID235155Selectivity ratio against guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens contractions1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Design of cyclic deltorphins and dermenkephalins with a disulfide bridge leads to analogues with high selectivity for delta-opioid receptors.
AID151268Displacement of [3H]-DAGO from Opioid receptor mu 1 of adult male mouse brain.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3
Dermorphin and deltorphin glycosylated analogues: synthesis and antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID79023In vitro concentration required to inhibit electrically evoked twitch in isolated guinea pig ileum.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3
Dermorphin and deltorphin glycosylated analogues: synthesis and antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID230636Ratio, binding to cloned human kappa-opioid versus delta-opioid receptor (IC50)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Novel C-terminus modifications of the Dmt-Tic motif: a new class of dipeptide analogues showing altered pharmacological profiles toward the opioid receptors.
AID234886Potency to inhibit MVD relative to [Leu]enkephalin1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-16, Volume: 35, Issue:21
Conformationally restricted deltorphin analogues.
AID149296Inhibition of [3H]DAGO binding to trat brain opioid receptor mu in P2 membrane1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Function of negative charge in the "address domain" of deltorphins.
AID149651Affinity was assessed using competitive binding assay labeled with [3H]DPDPE (6.3 nM) for Opioid receptor delta 11997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16
Helix-inducing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in opioid mimetic deltorphin C analogues.
AID78287Functional biological activity for mu opioid receptor was determined in vitro, on guinea pig ileum (GPI).1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16
Helix-inducing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in opioid mimetic deltorphin C analogues.
AID138859Inhibitory concentration against electrically evoked contractions of guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Cyclic enkephalin analogs with exceptional potency at peripheral delta opioid receptors.
AID149670Binding affinity against Opioid receptor delta 1 using [3H]DT in rat brain synaptosomes was determined2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-25, Volume: 12, Issue:6
Dermorphin and deltorphin heptapeptide analogues: replacement of Phe residue by Dmp greatly improves opioid receptor affinity and selectivity.
AID152236Compound was tested for maximum stimulation of mu opioid receptor by GTP-gamma [35S]- binding assay2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Novel C-terminus modifications of the Dmt-Tic motif: a new class of dipeptide analogues showing altered pharmacological profiles toward the opioid receptors.
AID149344Inhibition of [3H]-DADLE binding to opioid receptor delta in P2 membrane preparation of rat brain1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Function of negative charge in the "address domain" of deltorphins.
AID239267Inhibition of [3H]naloxone binding to rat brain homogenate Opioid receptor mu2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-16, Volume: 15, Issue:10
6-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid mimics active conformation of tyrosine in opioid peptides.
AID149672Binding affinity at Opioid receptor delta 1 using rat brain receptor (P2 synaptosome) assay2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-31, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Evaluation of the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore: conversion of a potent delta-opioid receptor antagonist into a potent delta agonist and ligands with mixed properties.
AID149777Inhibition of [3H]- DPDPE binding to delta opioid receptor of guinea pig brain1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 38, Issue:7
Opioid receptor binding requirements for the delta-selective peptide deltorphin. I: Phe3 replacement with ring-substituted and heterocyclic amino acids.
AID256770Displacement of [3H]deltorphin II from rat delta opioid receptor in brain P2 synaptosomes2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-29, Volume: 48, Issue:26
Conversion of the potent delta-opioid agonist H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(2)-bid into delta-opioid antagonists by N(1)-benzimidazole alkylation(1).
AID231661Bioselectivity ratio of compound as guinea pig ileum to mouse vas deferens was determined1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Phe3-substituted analogues of deltorphin C. Spatial conformation and topography of the aromatic ring in peptide recognition by delta opioid receptors.
AID23167Half-life time of enzymatic breakdown in mouse liver.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3
Dermorphin and deltorphin glycosylated analogues: synthesis and antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID148071Maximum stimulation of delta opioid receptor by GTP-gamma [35S]- binding assay2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Novel C-terminus modifications of the Dmt-Tic motif: a new class of dipeptide analogues showing altered pharmacological profiles toward the opioid receptors.
AID105933Negative logarithm of the molar concentration required to produce 50% of the maximum effect in mu receptor from mouse vas deferens (MVD)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-31, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Evaluation of the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore: conversion of a potent delta-opioid receptor antagonist into a potent delta agonist and ligands with mixed properties.
AID310938Agonist activity at rat delta opioid receptor expressed in C6 cells assessed as stimulation of [35S]GTP-gamma-S binding relative to BW373U862007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 50, Issue:8
Quantitative conformationally sampled pharmacophore for delta opioid ligands: reevaluation of hydrophobic moieties essential for biological activity.
AID147812Agonist activity for Opioid receptor delta 11997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 40, Issue:19
Evolution of the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore: N-terminal methylated derivatives with extraordinary delta opioid antagonist activity.
AID76094Inhibition of electrically evoked contractions in Guinea pig ileum1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-16, Volume: 35, Issue:21
Conformationally restricted deltorphin analogues.
AID151595Affinity was assessed using competitive binding assay labeled with [3H]- DAGO (1.28 nM) for Opioid receptor mu 11997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16
Helix-inducing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in opioid mimetic deltorphin C analogues.
AID167727Bioactivity in vitro in rabbit jejunum (RJ) isolated organ preparation1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-29, Volume: 40, Issue:18
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of deltorphin and dermorphin-related glycopeptides.
AID256773Functional bioactivity against delta opioid receptor in mouse vas deferens2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-29, Volume: 48, Issue:26
Conversion of the potent delta-opioid agonist H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(2)-bid into delta-opioid antagonists by N(1)-benzimidazole alkylation(1).
AID152240Binding affinity at cloned human mu-opioid receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Novel C-terminus modifications of the Dmt-Tic motif: a new class of dipeptide analogues showing altered pharmacological profiles toward the opioid receptors.
AID228347Ratio of Ki values for mu and delta opioid receptors.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4
Function of negative charge in the "address domain" of deltorphins.
AID256774Functional bioactivity against mu opioid receptor in guinea-pig ileum2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-29, Volume: 48, Issue:26
Conversion of the potent delta-opioid agonist H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(2)-bid into delta-opioid antagonists by N(1)-benzimidazole alkylation(1).
AID234885Potency to inhibit GPI relative to [Leu]enkephalin1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-16, Volume: 35, Issue:21
Conformationally restricted deltorphin analogues.
AID131044Compound was tested in vivo by a mouse tail-flick assay after intracerebroventricular (icv) injection1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-29, Volume: 40, Issue:18
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of deltorphin and dermorphin-related glycopeptides.
AID147860Binding affinity at cloned human opioid receptor kappa 12001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Novel C-terminus modifications of the Dmt-Tic motif: a new class of dipeptide analogues showing altered pharmacological profiles toward the opioid receptors.
AID149736Compound was evaluated for its inhibitory activity towards Opioid receptor mu 1 of guinea pig ileum (GPI)1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Design and synthesis of 1-aminocycloalkane-1-carboxylic acid-substituted deltorphin analogues: unique delta and mu opioid activity in modified peptides.
AID314186Displacement of [3H]naltrindole from delta opioid receptor in rat brain membranes2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4
Novel highly potent mu-opioid receptor antagonist based on endomorphin-2 structure.
AID231027Ratio, binding to cloned human mu-opioid versus delta-opioid receptor (IC50)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Novel C-terminus modifications of the Dmt-Tic motif: a new class of dipeptide analogues showing altered pharmacological profiles toward the opioid receptors.
AID224589Binding affinity was determined on mu [3H]DAGO site in rat brain synaptosomes by radioreceptor assay1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Phe3-substituted analogues of deltorphin C. Spatial conformation and topography of the aromatic ring in peptide recognition by delta opioid receptors.
AID152083The selectivity ratio as the ratio of Ki of Opioid receptor mu 1 to Ki of Opioid receptor delta 12002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-25, Volume: 12, Issue:6
Dermorphin and deltorphin heptapeptide analogues: replacement of Phe residue by Dmp greatly improves opioid receptor affinity and selectivity.
AID148525Inhibitory activity against Opioid receptor delta 1 of mouse vas deferens (MVD)1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Design and synthesis of 1-aminocycloalkane-1-carboxylic acid-substituted deltorphin analogues: unique delta and mu opioid activity in modified peptides.
AID149314Selectivity ratio against Opioid receptor mu and delta binding1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-16, Volume: 35, Issue:21
Conformationally restricted deltorphin analogues.
AID148649Inhibitory concentration against delta opioid receptor of electrically induced smooth muscle contraction of mouse vas deferens1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Cyclic enkephalin analogs with exceptional potency at peripheral delta opioid receptors.
AID149743In vitro biological activity by electrically induced smooth muscle contractions in guinea pig ileum (Opioid receptor mu 1); inhibitory concentration was evaluated2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-25, Volume: 12, Issue:6
Dermorphin and deltorphin heptapeptide analogues: replacement of Phe residue by Dmp greatly improves opioid receptor affinity and selectivity.
AID132850Tested for inhibition of amplification of electrically induced twitch in mouse vas deferens (MVD)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Phe3-substituted analogues of deltorphin C. Spatial conformation and topography of the aromatic ring in peptide recognition by delta opioid receptors.
AID235156Selectivity ratio (GPI/MVD) of the compound1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Cyclic enkephalin analogs with exceptional potency at peripheral delta opioid receptors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (116)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901 (0.86)18.7374
1990's66 (56.90)18.2507
2000's45 (38.79)29.6817
2010's4 (3.45)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other122 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]