captan profile

Captan is a fungicide, chemically known as N-(trichloromethylthio)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide. It is synthesized by reacting tetrachloromethane with N-(mercaptomethyl)-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide. Captan has been widely used to control a range of fungal diseases in various crops, including fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. Its mode of action involves inhibiting fungal growth by interfering with the synthesis of essential proteins. Due to its effectiveness and broad-spectrum activity, captan has been extensively studied. However, concerns have been raised about its potential environmental and health risks, including its persistence in the environment and its potential to be carcinogenic. Research continues to investigate its effects on human health, wildlife, and the environment to understand its long-term implications and develop alternative fungicides.'

Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	8606
CHEMBL ID	388676
CHEBI ID	34608
SCHEMBL ID	21047
MeSH ID	M0003318

Synonym
n-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide
captaf
orthocid-83
flit 406
n-[(trichloromethyl)thio]cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboximide
4-cyclohexene-1, n-(trichloromethylthio)-
n-[(trichloromethyl)mercapto]-.delta.(sup 4)-tetrahydrophthalimide
captex
aacaptan
wln: t56 bvnv gutj csxggg
orthocide 406
vondcaptan
esso fungicide 406
kaptan
vancide 89re
vancide 89
malipur
sr 406
orthocide 7.5
n-[(trichloromethyl)thio]tetrahydrophthalimide
orthocide
merpan
captan
1h-isoindole-1, 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-
n-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-cis-.delta.(sup 4)-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide
nci-c00077
ortocid 50
captan 50w
sr406
ent 26,538
n-[(trichloromethyl)mercapto]-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide
neracid
glyodex 37-22
vangard k
stauffer captan
orthocide 83
orthocide 50
fungus ban type ii
nsc36726
le captane
n-trichloromethylthio-3a,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide
133-06-2
captaf 85w
orthocide 75
4-cyclohexene-1, n-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-
captane
nsc-36726
amercide
2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione
4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, n-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-
1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione, 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-
NCGC00091034-01
NCGC00091034-02
micro-check 12
bangton
3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-((trichloromethyl)thio)-1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione
n-trichloromethylthiocyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboximide
n-trichloromethylmercapto-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide
captan-streptomycin 7.5-0.1 potato seed piece protectant
3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-n-(trichloromethanesulphenyl)phthalimide
captab
captancapteneet 26,538
kaptazor
gustafson captan 30-dd
vanguard k
3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione
vancide p-75
n-trichloromethylthio-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide
trichloromethylthio-1,2,5,6-tetrahydrophthalamide
hexacap
agrosol s
granox pfm
osocide
trimegol
agrox 2-way and 3-way
captadin
vanicide
ugecap
captanex
bean seed protectant
NCGC00091034-03
NCGC00091034-04
n-(trichloromethylthio)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide
C2059
smr001307282
MLS002222339
chebi:34608 ,
CHEMBL388676
2-(trichloromethylsulfanyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroisoindole-1,3-dione
ldvvmczrfwmzsg-uhfffaoysa-
inchi=1/c9h8cl3no2s/c10-9(11,12)16-13-7(14)5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(13)15/h1-2,5-6h,3-4h2
NCGC00091034-07
NCGC00091034-06
NCGC00091034-05
NCGC00091034-09
NCGC00091034-08
tox21_201276
NCGC00258828-01
NCGC00254676-01
tox21_300772
dtxsid9020243 ,
dtxcid90243
tox21_111065
cas-133-06-2
trichlormethylthioamid kyseliny 1,2,3,6-tetrahydroftalove
n-(trichlor-methylthio)-phthalimid
FT-0602921
AKOS015895773
SCHEMBL21047
mfcd00041811
venturin
zenecal
n-(trichloromethylmercapto)-delta(4)-tetrahydrophthalimide
2-[(trichloromethyl)sulfanyl]-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione
NCGC00091034-10
n-((trichloromethyl)thio)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide
n-((trichloromethyl)thio)cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboximide
bangtan
n-trichloromethyl-thio-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydropthalimide
orthocide s 50
3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)dione
n-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-.delta.4-tetrahydrophthalimide
n-((trichloromethyl)mercapto)-.delta.4-tetrahydrophthalimide
n-((trichloromethyl)mercapto)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide
orthocide-83
2-[(trichloromethyl)sulfanyl]-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione #
CCG-231621
2-((trichloromethyl)thio)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione
1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione,3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-
captan, pestanal(r), analytical standard
captan, analytical standard
captan 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
J-006299
captan, certified reference material, tracecert(r)
Q2194382
AS-13811
CS-0013481
AMY40937
captan 1000 microg/ml in acetone
D89482
HY-B1584
captan 100 microg/ml in acetone

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Captan is a non-systematic fungicide widely used in agricultural production, and its residues have been found in the environment and daily diet. "	( Captan exposure disrupts ovarian homeostasis and affects oocytes quality via mitochondrial dysfunction induced apoptosis. He, QK; Li, YP; Liu, Y; Luo, YS; Qi, ZQ; Wang, HL; Xu, CL; Xu, ZR; Zhao, SC, 2022)	3.61
"Captan is a widely used antifungal pesticide whose potential to cause cancer in humans is uncertain."	( Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to captan in the Agricultural Health Study. Alavanja, MC; Dosemeci, M; Greenburg, DL; Hines, CJ; Hoppin, JA; Koutros, S; Patel, R; Rusiecki, J, 2008)	2.03
"Captan is an important fungicide for controlling diseases in horticultural crops. "	( The effects of temperature, humidity and rainfall on captan decline on apple leaves and fruit in controlled environment conditions. Hyder, K; Murray, RA; Salazar, JD; Xu, XM, 2008)	2.04
"Captan is an important fungicide for controlling diseases in horticultural crops. "	( The temporal pattern of captan residues on apple leaves and fruit under field conditions in relation to weather and canopy structure. Hyder, K; Murray, RA; Salazar, JD; Xu, XM, 2008)	2.1

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Captan has become an increasingly important fungicide in the management of common apple diseases such as apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and bitter rot (Colletotrichum spp.) due to the low risk of fungicide resistance evolving in either pathogen population to this product. "	( Incorporating Adjuvants with Captan to Manage Common Apple Diseases. Abbott, CP; Beckerman, JL, 2018)	2.21

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Captan treatment resulted in production of DNA single strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links and elicited an excision repair response in human diploid fibroblasts."	( Effects of Captan on DNA and DNA metabolic processes in human diploid fibroblasts. Snyder, RD, 1992)	1.39
"Captan-treated male rats were more susceptible to the induction of chronic renal disease than were female rats."	( Carcinogenicity of captan. Reuber, MD, )	1.18

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The relative toxic potency of aldrin fenvalerate, captan and diazinon was in a ratio of 6807:241:4:1 respectively."	( Relative toxicity of aldrin, fenvalerate, captan and diazinon to the freshwater food-fish, Clarias batrachus. Tripathi, G, 1992)	0.8
" The fungicides captan and thiram were the most toxic among the compounds tested."	( 1,8-Naphthalic anhydride antidote enhances the toxic effects of captan and thiram fungicides on Azospirillum brasilense cells. Casalone, E; Colella, CM; Daly, S; Gallori, E; Polsinelli, M, )	0.72
"If given orally captan is relatively nontoxic, but it can be extremely toxic after parenteral exposure."	( Involvement of glutathione in the reduction of captan-induced in vivo inhibition of monooxygenases and liver toxicity in the rat. Dalvi, RR, 1988)	0.88
" There may also be an impact at greater distances from treated plots, especially in the case of compounds that are slow to degrade such as MITC (methyl isothiocyanate), the active toxic moiety generated in soil from metham sodium."	( Possible side effects of airborne pesticides on fungi and vascular plants in The Netherlands. Canters, KJ; de Jong, FM; van der Voet, E, 1995)	0.29
" Toxic effects on survival, motility, and growth decreased with increasing pH."	( Toxic effects, at three pH levels, of two reference molecules on common carp embryo. Chaillou, C; Deschamps, F; Ghillebaert, F; Roubaud, P, 1995)	0.29
" The toxic and genotoxic potentials of captan were evaluated with the micronucleus test (MNT; AFNOR,2000) and the comet assay (CA) using amphibian larvae (Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltl)."	( Comparative evaluation of genotoxicity of captan in amphibian larvae (Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltl) using the comet assay and the micronucleus test. Devaux, A; Ferrier, V; Gauthier, L; Mailhes, C; Mouchet, F, 2006)	0.87
" obliquus accumulated more captan, but efficiently degraded it into two safe eco-friendly by-products; phthalic acid and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro phthalimide."	( Evaluation of the phycoremediation potential of microalgae for captan removal: Comprehensive analysis on toxicity, detoxification and antioxidants modulation. AbdElgawad, H; Al-Saadi, LS; Hamed, SM; Hozzein, WN; Mohamed, HS; Okla, MK; Selim, S, 2022)	1.26

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The obtained results show that the DLLME combined with GC-ECD can satisfy the requirements for the determination of fungicides in apple samples."	( Analysis of captan, folpet, and captafol in apples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography. Ma, J; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, O; Wang, Z; Xi, G; Zang, X, 2008)	0.72
" A fast and non-destructive analysis method, combined with a GA and SVM based on fluorescence spectroscopy, was realized."	( Detection of captan residues in apple juice using fluorescence spectroscopy combined with a genetic algorithm and support vector machines. Bian, H; Han, Y; Ji, R; Jiang, Z; Wang, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhuang, L, 2022)	1.09

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Furthermore, usual increase in the activity of drug biotransformation enzymes seen after phenobarbital treatment appears to decrease in rats dosed with this funaicide."	( Toxicologic studies of N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (captan): its metabolism by rat liver drug-metabolizing enzyme system. Dalvi, RR; Peeples, A, 1978)	0.49
" The percentage penetration was found to increase as dosage (0."	( Dermal penetration of [14C]captan in young and adult rats. Fisher, HL; Hall, LL; Shah, PV; Sumler, MR, 1992)	0.58
" It was also demonstrated that captan was mutagenic to cells of the mouse testis; there was a certain relationship between dosage and response."	( Cytogenetic effects of an agricultural antibiotic, captan, on mouse bone marrow and testicular cells. Feng, JY; Lin, BY, 1987)	0.81
" acutatum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis obscurans, and Phomopsis viticola) in in vitro dose-response studies."	( Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus. Cantrell, CL; Case, BP; Duke, SO; Kniffin, TM; Mena, EE; Wedge, DE, 2008)	0.35

Role	Description
antifungal agrochemical	Any substance used in acriculture, horticulture, forestry, etc. for its fungicidal properties.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
isoindoles
organochlorine compound	An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
organosulfur compound	An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond.
phthalimide fungicide	A dicarboximide fungicide whose structure contains a phthalimide derivative.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.5939	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID886; AID893
Chain B, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.5939	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID886; AID893
Luciferase	Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)	Potency	24.1358	0.0072	15.7588	89.3584	AID1224835; AID624030
interleukin 8	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	70.9011	0.0473	49.4806	74.9780	AID651758
acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	72.6633	0.0025	41.7960	15,848.9004	AID1347397; AID1347398; AID1347399
15-lipoxygenase, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.0000	0.0126	10.6917	88.5700	AID887
pregnane X receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	44.6684	0.0251	27.9203	501.1870	AID651751
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	7.2821	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490; AID2701; AID2707
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	34.0678	3.1890	29.8841	59.4836	AID1224846; AID1224894
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	18.4174	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.5780	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346924
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	70.7946	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID504865
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.3548	7.9355	39.8107	AID624170
SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.5780	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346924
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7091	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.2183	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.1527	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247; AID588515; AID588516; AID743035; AID743036; AID743042; AID743054; AID743063
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.4802	0.0112	12.4002	100.0000	AID1030
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.7168	0.0013	7.7625	44.6684	AID2120
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.9716	0.0013	18.0743	39.8107	AID926; AID938
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.8084	0.0006	57.9133	22,387.1992	AID1259377; AID1259378
hypothetical protein, conserved	Trypanosoma brucei	Potency	14.1254	0.2239	11.2451	35.4813	AID624173
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.1976	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.5739	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346795
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.6525	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1346984; AID1645841
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.8499	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID588532; AID588533; AID720691; AID720692; AID720719
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.8414	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.4362	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527; AID1159531; AID588544; AID588546
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	34.2951	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	41.7098	0.3758	27.4851	61.6524	AID588526; AID588527; AID743217; AID743220
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	24.3726	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982; AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	32.7335	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID1259244; AID1259248; AID1259383; AID588513; AID588514; AID743069; AID743075; AID743078; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	6.7412	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.6820	0.0010	24.5048	61.6448	AID588534; AID588535; AID743215
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.0622	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID588536; AID588537; AID743094; AID743140; AID743191
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.3269	0.0237	23.2282	63.5986	AID588541; AID588543; AID743222; AID743223; AID743241
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.5849	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.0165	25.3078	41.3999	AID602332
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.9034	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.7676	0.0016	28.0151	77.1139	AID1224843; AID1224895; AID1259385; AID1259395
activating transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	60.6506	0.1434	27.6121	59.8106	AID1159516
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.2812	0.1549	17.8702	43.6557	AID1346877
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	38.2679	19.7391	45.9784	64.9432	AID1159509
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.2285	0.0578	21.1097	61.2679	AID1159526; AID1159528
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	17.7828	0.1000	9.1916	31.6228	AID1346983
Histone H2A.x	Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)	Potency	59.0480	0.0391	47.5451	146.8240	AID1224845
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.3162	12.4435	31.6228	AID902
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.5114	0.0018	15.6638	39.8107	AID894
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.9811	0.3548	28.0659	89.1251	AID504847
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.1405	0.0100	39.5371	1,122.0200	AID588545; AID588547
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.3085	0.0178	9.6374	44.6684	AID588834
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	20.9389	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743066; AID743067
heat shock protein beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.5965	0.0420	27.3789	61.6448	AID743210; AID743228
huntingtin isoform 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.0006	18.4198	1,122.0200	AID1688
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	0.0398	16.7842	39.8107	AID995
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.7168	4.4668	24.8329	44.6684	AID651749
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0103	23.8567	63.0957	AID2662
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	38.0949	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID651741; AID720636; AID743202; AID743219
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	1.6810	0.0079	8.2332	1,122.0200	AID2546; AID2551
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.4505	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624296; AID624297
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	17.5940	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624032; AID624044
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.2191	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.2512	15.8432	39.8107	AID504327
lethal factor (plasmid)	Bacillus anthracis str. A2012	Potency	6.5812	0.0200	10.7869	31.6228	AID912
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7943	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	26.8623	0.0015	57.7890	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.7412	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.7412	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.9776	0.0023	19.5956	74.0614	AID651631; AID651743; AID720552
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	26.8623	0.0015	51.7393	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.4494	0.0266	22.4482	66.8242	AID651802
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	11.2202	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479145
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.7412	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.3734	0.0119	17.9420	71.5630	AID651632; AID720516
Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	46.8144	0.0119	12.2221	68.7989	AID651632
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.2191	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.7412	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927	Potency	28.1838	0.0601	10.7453	37.9330	AID492961
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Betacoronavirus England 1	IC50 (µMol)	10.0000	0.0040	3.4388	9.5100	AID1640022
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	IC50 (µMol)	0.6700	0.0002	2.4585	9.9600	AID1640021
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replication	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-ray	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
viral process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behavior	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-C	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin D	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processing	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of steroid metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to sterol	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian rhythm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
adipose tissue development	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferation	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear DNA replication	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction in response to DNA damage	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
isotype switching	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloading	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor internalization	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translation	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic process	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assembly	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assembly	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transport	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ISG15-specific peptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
oxysterol binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-activated transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloader activity	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand break	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Elg1 RFC-like complex	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complex	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (109)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1091824	Antifungal activity against Curvularia sp. assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.5% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091829	Antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.25% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1102096	Antifungal activity against Diaporthe ampelina assessed as growth inhibition at 30 to 300 uM after 120 hr by microplate photometric analysis	2003	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Natural fungicides from Ruta graveolens L. leaves, including a new quinolone alkaloid.
AID1091822	Antifungal activity against Alternaria solani assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 1% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091833	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.25% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091839	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.10% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1090803	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum assessed as size of growth inhibitory zone at concentration of 2 mM in volume of 2 ul of EtOH measured after 4 days by TLC based direct bioautography assay	2007	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Oct-17, Volume: 55, Issue:21	Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Arnica longifolia, Aster hesperius, and Chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils.
AID1091181	Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 72 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID297552	Fungistatic activity against Fusarium solani at 30 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter plate assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1091203	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 48 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID1091853	Antifungal activity against Bipolaris oryzae assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1090337	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum after 72 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1090334	Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum after 72 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1091851	Antifungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091819	Antifungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 1% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091836	Antifungal activity against Curvularia sp. assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.10% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID297517	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani at 0.3 uM after 48 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1090342	Antifungal activity against Phomopsis obscurans after 48 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID297546	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium proliferatum at 3 uM after 48 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1090333	Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana after 72 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID297516	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum at 0.3 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID297555	Fungistatic activity against Fusarium oxysporum at 30 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter plate assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID297515	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum at 0.3 uM after 48 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1091825	Antifungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.5% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1090346	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides after 48 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1091855	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091837	Antifungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.10% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091849	Antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID376577	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae assessed as zone of inhibition	2000	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 63, Issue:8	A new 2D-TLC bioautography method for the discovery of novel antifungal agents To control plant pathogens.
AID1091831	Antifungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.25% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1102099	Antifungal activity against Phomopsis obscurans assessed as growth inhibition at 30 to 300 uM after 120 hr by microplate photometric analysis	2003	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Natural fungicides from Ruta graveolens L. leaves, including a new quinolone alkaloid.
AID1102109	Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum assessed as growth inhibition at 300 uM after 48 hr by microplate photometric analysis	2003	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Natural fungicides from Ruta graveolens L. leaves, including a new quinolone alkaloid.
AID1090506	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae assessed as growth inhibition at 2 uL in 2 mM acetone by direct bioautography	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 54, Issue:18	Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Salvia macrochlamys and Salvia recognita essential oils.
AID1091198	Antifungal activity against Phomopsis obscurans assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 120 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID1091823	Antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.5% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID297523	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum at 30 uM after 48 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1103657	Growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum at 300 uM after 48 hr by microtiter assay	2007	The Alkaloids. Chemistry and biology, , Volume: 64	Alkyl, aryl, alkylarylquinoline, and related alkaloids.
AID1091830	Antifungal activity against Curvularia sp. assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.25% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID297519	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum at 3 uM after 48 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1091178	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 72 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID1080484	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides assessed as inhibition of fungal growth at 2 mM in 2 uL solution by direct bio-autography assay	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 57, Issue:2	Bioactivity-guided fractionation and GC/MS fingerprinting of Angelica sinensis and Angelica archangelica root components for antifungal and mosquito deterrent activity.
AID1090798	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides assessed as size of growth inhibitory zone at concentration of 2 mM in volume of 2 ul of EtOH measured after 4 days by TLC based direct bioautography assay	2007	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Oct-17, Volume: 55, Issue:21	Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Arnica longifolia, Aster hesperius, and Chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils.
AID1091177	Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 72 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID1080486	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum assessed as inhibition of fungal growth at 2 mM in 2 uL solution by direct bio-autography assay	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 57, Issue:2	Bioactivity-guided fractionation and GC/MS fingerprinting of Angelica sinensis and Angelica archangelica root components for antifungal and mosquito deterrent activity.
AID1091200	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 48 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID297544	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium proliferatum at 0.3 uM after 48 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID297521	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani at 3 uM after 48 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1090340	Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum after 48 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1091832	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.25% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1090339	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides after 72 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1091846	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger assessed as mycelial growth inhibition at 1% after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID297550	Fungistatic activity against Fusarium proliferatum at 30 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter plate assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1080485	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae assessed as inhibition of fungal growth at 2 mM in 2 uL solution by direct bio-autography assay	2009	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 57, Issue:2	Bioactivity-guided fractionation and GC/MS fingerprinting of Angelica sinensis and Angelica archangelica root components for antifungal and mosquito deterrent activity.
AID1090345	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum after 48 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1090344	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae after 48 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1091845	Antifungal activity against Bipolaris oryzae assessed as mycelial growth inhibition at 1% after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1090505	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum assessed as growth inhibition at 2 uL in 2 mM acetone by direct bioautography	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 54, Issue:18	Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Salvia macrochlamys and Salvia recognita essential oils.
AID1091848	Antifungal activity against Alternaria solani assessed as mycelial growth inhibition at 1% after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091834	Antifungal activity against Alternaria solani assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.25% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID297545	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium proliferatum at 0.3 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID297549	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium proliferatum at 30 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1091197	Antifungal activity against Plasmopara viticola assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 120 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID1091202	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 48 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID297526	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani at 30 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1091817	Antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 1% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091199	Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 48 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID1091844	Antifungal activity against Curvularia sp. assessed as mycelial growth inhibition at 1% after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID297524	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum at 30 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1091821	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 1% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1090338	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae after 72 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1091835	Antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.10% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091838	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.10% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091856	Antifungal activity against Alternaria solani assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1090336	Antifungal activity against Plasmopara viticola after 72 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1081601	Fungicidal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana assessed as growth inhibition at 10 to 100 uM after 72 hr by microbioassay	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 58, Issue:17	New class of algicidal compounds and fungicidal activities derived from a chromene amide of Amyris texana.
AID1090341	Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana after 48 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1091820	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 1% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091841	Antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as mycelial growth inhibition at 1% after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091180	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 72 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID1091852	Antifungal activity against Curvularia sp. assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091840	Antifungal activity against Alternaria solani assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.10% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091818	Antifungal activity against Curvularia sp. assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 1% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID297547	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium proliferatum at 3 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID297520	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum at 3 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1091179	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 72 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID1091842	Antifungal activity against Nigrospora sp. assessed as mycelial growth inhibition at 1% after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091187	Antifungal activity against Plasmopara viticola assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 144 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID1091201	Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana assessed as inhibition of fungal growth measured after 48 hr by 96-well microdilution assay	2008	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 56, Issue:13	Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus.
AID1090504	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides assessed as growth inhibition at 2 uL in 2 mM acetone by direct bioautography	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 54, Issue:18	Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Salvia macrochlamys and Salvia recognita essential oils.
AID1091843	Antifungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides assessed as mycelial growth inhibition at 1% after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1090335	Antifungal activity against Phomopsis obscurans after 72 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1090343	Antifungal activity against Plasmopara viticola after 48 hr by 96-well microtiter based microdilution method	2006	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro.
AID1091826	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.5% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID297525	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani at 30 uM after 48 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1091854	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1091828	Antifungal activity against Alternaria solani assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.5% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID297548	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium proliferatum at 30 uM after 48 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID1090142	Antifungal activity against Cladosporium herbarum assessed as growth inhibition at 23 degC measured after 72 hr	2005	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jan-26, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Antifungal and insect antifeedant 2-phenylethanol esters from the liverwort Balantiopsis cancellata from Chile.
AID1091847	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus assessed as mycelial growth inhibition at 1% after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1090800	Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae assessed as size of growth inhibitory zone at concentration of 2 mM in volume of 2 ul of EtOH measured after 4 days by TLC based direct bioautography assay	2007	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Oct-17, Volume: 55, Issue:21	Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Arnica longifolia, Aster hesperius, and Chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils.
AID1091850	Antifungal activity against Nigrospora sp. assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 96 hr by agar overlay method	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID1081918	Antifungal activity against Diaporthe ampelina assessed as growth inhibition after 144 hr by NCCLS M27-A broth microdilution method	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5	Biological activity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) phytoalexins and selected natural and synthetic Stilbenoids.
AID1091827	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.5% after 24 hr by compound microscopy	2009	Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, Aug-15, Volume: 12, Issue:16	Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. KDML 105 farming.
AID297518	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani at 0.3 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID297522	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani at 3 uM after 72 hrs by microtiter assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-06, Volume: 50, Issue:18	Lysosome and HER3 (ErbB3) selective anticancer agent kahalalide F: semisynthetic modifications and antifungal lead-exploration studies.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	135 (39.36)	18.7374
1990's	62 (18.08)	18.2507
2000's	65 (18.95)	29.6817
2010's	55 (16.03)	24.3611
2020's	26 (7.58)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	4 (1.07%)	5.53%
Reviews	13 (3.49%)	6.00%
Case Studies	10 (2.68%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	346 (92.76%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2	1	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.65	3	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	1.96	1	0	arsenic oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
carbamates [no description available]	5.29	17	0	amino-acid anion
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	1.98	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	1.95	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.02	1	0	chlorocyclohexane
glycine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	1.95	1	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	1.97	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.17	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.95	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.03	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
parathion [no description available]	4.47	4	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	7.13	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2	1	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	3.45	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	6.96	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	1.99	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
alachlor alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.	2.39	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
theophylline [no description available]	1.95	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
atrazine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	1.95	1	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.	7.36	2	0	benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
5-methoxypsoralen 5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.. 5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.	2.01	1	0	5-methoxyfurocoumarin; organic heterotricyclic compound; psoralens	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
bronopol [no description available]	2.21	1	0	nitro compound
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.43	2	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
chlorpropham Chlorpropham: A carbamate that is used as an herbicide and as a plant growth regulator.. chlorpropham : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of 3-chlorophenylcarbamic acid.	2.06	1	0	benzenes; carbamate ester; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide; plant growth retardant
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	8.47	7	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
eucalyptol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.03	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	8.14	5	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	7.41	2	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	3.45	2	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2.89	4	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	2.49	2	0	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
fenvalerate fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	6.98	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; monochlorobenzenes	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.13	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	2.39	2	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	3.05	1	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.35	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.02	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	3.74	3	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
methamidophos methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.	2.06	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide
methomyl Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.. methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime.	2.01	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; nematicide; xenobiotic
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	2.38	2	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxychlor Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.	8.74	3	0	organochlorine insecticide
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	1.95	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
metolachlor metolachlor: structure given in first source. metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor.. 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom.	2.42	2	0	aromatic amide; benzenes; ether; organochlorine compound
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	1.96	1	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
naled Naled: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. naled : An dialkyl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the acidic hydroxy group of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate with the alcoholic hydroxy group of 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethanol. An organophosphate insecticide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	1.94	1	0	dialkyl phosphate; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	1.97	1	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phosalone phosalone: structure. phosalone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles carrying a [(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the nitrogen atom, an oxo group at position 2 and a chloro group at position 6. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide.	2	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; carbamate ester; organochlorine insecticide; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	1.95	1	0	diarylmethane
propoxur Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	3.05	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	6.95	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	2	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	3.05	1	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiram Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.	9.44	7	0	organic disulfide	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trifluralin Trifluralin: A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.. trifluralin : A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.	1.96	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
thymidine [no description available]	2.65	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	6.94	1	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	7.38	2	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	1.95	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	2.66	3	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	3.12	5	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	3.45	2	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	1.95	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.65	3	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	1.95	1	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
uridine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	1.95	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	1.98	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	3.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	1.95	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	1.95	1	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	4.36	6	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.66	3	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	1.97	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	1.95	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	3.49	2	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.35	2	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
hexachloroethane [no description available]	2.06	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethanes	carcinogenic agent; refrigerant
triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.	1.95	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	1.95	1	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	1.95	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.37	2	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	1.97	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.06	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	2.06	1	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
bromodichloromethane bromodichloromethane: RN given refers to parent cpd. bromodichloromethane : A halomethane that is dichloromethane in which oneof the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. It occurs as a contaminant in drinking water.	2.02	1	0	halomethane	environmental contaminant; reagent
phosgene Phosgene: A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304). phosgene : An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.. chloroketone : A ketone containing a chloro substituent.	1.95	1	0	acyl chloride
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.67	3	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	2.42	2	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.02	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
quintozene quintozene: active ingredient of variety of fungicides. pentachloronitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	2.69	3	0	aromatic fungicide; C-nitro compound; pentachlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical
diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.	2.06	1	0	organic cation	defoliant; herbicide
tetrahydrophthalimide tetrahydrophthalimide: captan metabolite in fruit crops	6.25	19	2
phthalimide phthalimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalimide : A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3.	9.41	4	1	phthalimides
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1.	2.01	1	0	naphthylacetic acid	synthetic auxin
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.03	1	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone: structure	2.17	1	0	benzophenones
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.36	2	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline [no description available]	1.99	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4.	2.08	1	0	phenols	allergen
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	2.02	1	0	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
dicloran 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.	2.38	2	0	aromatic fungicide; dichlorobenzene; nitroaniline	antifungal agrochemical
benzonitrile benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.06	1	0	benzenes; nitrile
4-phenylenediamine 4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.	1.99	1	0	phenylenediamine	allergen; dye; hapten; reagent
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.63	2	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
tetradifon tetradifon: acaricide; ovicide on deciduous fruits, citrus, cotton and other crops; structure. tetradifon : A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorine at position 4, while the other is substituted by a chlorine at positions 2, 4, and 5.	2.06	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; sulfone; trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	1.96	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
folpet folpet : A member of the class of phthalimides that is phthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethylthio group. An agricultural fungicide, it has been used to control mildew, leaf spot, and other diseases in crops sice the 1950s.	8.37	32	2	organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.35	2	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
benzofuran benzofuran: RN & structure given in first source. 1-benzofuran : A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.	2.02	1	0	1-benzofurans; benzofuran
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.68	3	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	3.06	5	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	1.95	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
paraoxon [no description available]	2.01	1	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	3.3	6	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	3.3	6	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	2.72	2	0
kokusaginine kokusaginine: antimalarial alkaloid from Teclea afzelii; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	2.44	2	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	2.65	3	0	thiazolidine
herniarin herniarin: methoxy analog of umbelliferone; structure. herniarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7.	2.01	1	0	coumarins	fluorochrome
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.	1.98	1	0	dinitrophenol acaricide; hydroxytoluene; nitrotoluene	dinitrophenol insecticide; fungicide; herbicide
triethylenephosphoramide Triethylenephosphoramide: An insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent.	1.95	1	0	phosphoramide
beta-phellandrene [no description available]	2.03	1	0	phellandrene	plant metabolite
methyl carbamate methyl carbamate : A carbamate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of carbamic acid with methanol.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
nitrosomethylurethane Nitrosomethylurethane: An alkylating carcinogen that produces gastrointestinal and probably lung and nervous system tumors.	1.95	1	0	carboxylic ester
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	1.98	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified	1.96	1	0
nitrosoguanidines Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.	2.35	2	0
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	1.98	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
phosmet Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.	1.97	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phthalimides	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
deoxycytidine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlormequat Chlormequat: A plant growth regulator that is commonly used on ornamental plants.. chlormequat : A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants.	2.06	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	plant growth retardant
dichlofluanid dichlofluanid: structure. dichlofluanid : A member of the class of sulfamides that is sulfamide in which the hydrogens attached to one of the nitrogens are replaced by methyl groups, while those attached to the other nitrogen are replaced by a phenyl and a [dichloro(fluoro)methyl]sulfanediyl group. A fungicide introduced in 1965 and used in the cultivation of fruit and vegetables, as well as in wood preservatives, it is no longer approved for use in the European Union.	2.88	4	0	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylsulfamide fungicide; sulfamides	acaricide; antifungal agrochemical
pyrithioxin Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.	3.06	1	0	methylpyridines
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.6	1	0	zinc molecular entity
beta-pinene beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available. beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.	2.03	1	0	pinene	plant metabolite
daminozide daminozide: induces tumors	1.97	1	0	straight-chain fatty acid
nitrofen nitrofen: structure	1.96	1	0	organic molecular entity	EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	3.51	8	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	1.97	1	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	1.97	1	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
methiocarb Methiocarb: Insecticide, molluscacide, acaricide.. methiocarb : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the phenolic group of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol with the carboxy group of methylcarbamic acid.	1.96	1	0	aryl sulfide; carbamate ester; methyl sulfide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; molluscicide; xenobiotic
molinate molinate : A member of the class of azepanes that is azepane in which the nitrogen is substituted by an (ethylsulfanyl)carbonyl group, -C(=O)SEt. A thiocarbamate herbicide not approved for use in the U.S. or European Union, it is used control grass weeds in rice paddies.	1.98	1	0	azepanes; monothiocarbamic ester	agrochemical; antispermatogenic agent; herbicide
captafol captafol: RN given refers to cpd with specified chlorine locants. captafol : A dicarboximide that captan in which the trichloromethyl group is replaced by a 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethyl group. A broad-spectrum fungicide used to control diseases in fruit and potatoes, it is no longer approved for use in the European Community.	6.24	46	0	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
quinomethionate quinomethionate: an ingredient of Morestan. quinomethionate : A dithioloquinoxaline that results from the formal condensation of 6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-dithiol with phosgene. It has been used as a fungicide and acaricide for the control of mites and powdery mildew on citrus, vegetables, and walnuts, but is not approved for use in the EU.	1.97	1	0	dithioloquinoxaline; quinoxaline acaricide; quinoxaline antifungal agent	agrochemical
dodine dodine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-dodecylguanidine acetate : An acetate salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of 1-dodecylguanidine and acetic acid. It is used as a fungicide to control black spot and foliar diseases on apples, pears, peaches, nectarines and strawberries.	2	1	0	acetate salt; aliphatic nitrogen antifungal agent	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical
formothion formothion: was MH 1976-91 (see under INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE 1976-90)	2	1	0	dicarboximide
n-isopropyl-n-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine N-isopropyl-N-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in sixth source	1.99	1	0
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	primary alcohol
dithianone dithianone: structure. dithianon : A naphthodithiin that is 5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dithiin which is substituted by nitrile groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a broad spectrum fungicide used to control scab, downy mildew, rust, and leaf spot in the commercial growing of grapes and other fruit, citrus, coffee, and vegetables.	2.03	1	0	dinitrile; naphthodithiin; p-quinones	antifungal agrochemical
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.03	1	0	thujene	plant metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.36	2	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
3-phenoxybenzoic acid 3-phenoxybenzoic acid: metabolite associated with exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid : A phenoxybenzoic acid in which the phenoxy group is meta to the carboxy group. It is a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides.	2.76	2	0	phenoxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
streptomycin [no description available]	3.32	6	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	1.97	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
carboxin Carboxin: A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. carboxin : An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.	2.03	1	0	anilide fungicide; anilide; enamide; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; secondary carboxamide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	3.99	3	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	2	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	1.98	1	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	1.95	1	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	1.99	1	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
potassium sulfate potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4	2	1	0	inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	3.74	3	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	3.52	8	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	2	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
quinalphos quinalphos: RN given refers to cpd with locant for quinoxalinyl group in position 2; structure	1.99	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
benomyl [no description available]	5.46	12	0	aromatic amide; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	acaricide; anthelminthic drug; antifungal agrochemical; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	3.99	3	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
oryzalin oryzalin: a dinitroaniline; preemergence herbicide; structure. oryzalin : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by nitro groups and at position 4 by a dipropylamino group.	1.96	1	0	aromatic amine; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	agrochemical; antimitotic; herbicide
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	7.03	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.78	3	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.06	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
pirimicarb pirimicarb: structure. pirimicarb : An aminopyrimidine that is N,N,4,5-tetramethylpyrimidin-2-amine substituted by a (dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.04	1	0	aminopyrimidine; carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	1.95	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
triforine triforine: structure. triforine : A member of the class of N-alkylpiperazines in which the two amino groups of piperazine are replaced by 1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl groups. A fungicide active against a range of diseases including powdery mildew, scab and rust.	2	1	0	amide fungicide; formamides; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	allergen; antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
procymidone procymidone : An azabicycloalkane that is 1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A fungicide widely used in horticulture as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip for the control of various diseases.	2	1	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.03	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
amiprophos amiprophos: structure	1.96	1	0
isoproturon isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.04	1	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	1.95	1	0	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
iprodione iprodione : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.	3.3	6	0	benzenes; dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; nematicide
triadimefon 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	2.39	2	0	aromatic ether; hemiaminal ether; ketone; monochlorobenzenes; triazoles
vinclozolin vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.	2.68	3	0	dicarboximide; dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; oxazolidinone
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.43	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
diisopropanolnitrosamine diisopropanolnitrosamine: experimental carcinogen. N,N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is dipropylamine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. It is a genotoxic carcinogen, targeting the lung, liver, thyroid, and kidney.	1.98	1	0	diol; nitrosamine; secondary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified thio moieties	2.49	2	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
metalaxyl metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.	2.99	4	0	alanine derivative; aromatic amide; carboxamide; ether; methyl ester
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	1.97	1	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
flutolanil flutolanil : A member of the class of benzamides, obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 3-(ispropyloxy)aniline. A fungicide used to control a range of pathogens especially Rhizoctonia spp. on rice, turf and other crops.	2	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; benzamides; benzanilide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
fluazifop-butyl fluazifop-butyl: RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. fluazifop-butyl : A racemate that is the butyl ester of fluazifop. It is used as a post-emergence herbicide for the control grass weeds in various broad-leaved crops.. butyl 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; organofluorine compound; pyridines
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline: mutagen found in broiled food; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; frequently abbreviated as IQ in the literature. 3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amine : An imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	imidazoquinoline	carcinogenic agent
3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	butenolide
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	1.95	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	1.97	1	0
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	2.68	3	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
diphenylcyclopropenone diphenylcyclopropenone: strong contact sensitizer; a photosensitizing agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. diphenylcyclopropenone : A cyclopropenone compound having phenyl substituents at the 2- and 3-positions.	2.08	1	0	cyclopropenone	drug allergen; hapten; photosensitizing agent
alpha-terthienyl [no description available]	2.03	1	0	terthiophene
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.11	5	0	1,2,3-triazole
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	2.41	1	0	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
prochloraz Mirage: a feldspathic porcelain that can be etched & bonded to the tooth. prochloraz : A member of the class of ureas that is 1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide substituted by a propyl and a 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl group at the amino nitrogen atom. A fungicide active against a wide range of diseases affecting field crops, fruit, turf and vegetables.	1.97	1	0	amide fungicide; aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazoles; trichlorobenzene; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate: a root-exuded compound responsible for biological nitrification inhibition by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor); structure in first source. methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of phloretic acid with methanol. It is a nitrification inhibitor and a plant growth regulator.	2.05	1	0	methyl ester; phenols	nitrification inhibitor; plant growth regulator
tetramethrin tetramethrin: structure	1.97	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; maleimides; phthalimide insecticide	pyrethroid ester insecticide
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	2.45	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
cyprodinil cyprodinil: structure in first source. cyprodinil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees.	2.97	4	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; cyclopropanes; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
beta-eudesmol beta-eudesmol: found in Atractylodes and other plants; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4aalpha,8abeta))-isomer. beta-eudesmol : A carbobicyclic compound that is trans-decalin substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 by 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, methyl and methylidene groups, respectively (the 2R,4aR,8aS-diastereoisomer).	2.03	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	volatile oil component
pyrimethanil pyrimethanil: structure in first source. pyrimethanil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying two additional methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6. A fungicide used to control grey mould on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals as well as leaf scab on pome fruit. Also commonly employed to control Botrytis cinerea throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine.	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
penconazole penconazole: structure given in first source. penconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole. A fungicide used to control powdery mildew, scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole : A member of the classof triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl group.	2.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene; triazoles
triadimenol a [no description available]	1.97	1	0
2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid: an ascorbate peroxidase antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid : A member of the class of pyridines that is isonicotinic acid which is substituted by chlorine at positions 2 and 6.	2.15	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; pyridines	EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor
1-phenazinecarboxylic acid 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid: from Streptomyces cinnamonensis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. phenazine-1-carboxylic acid : An aromatic carboxylic acid that is phenazine substituted at C-1 with a carboxy group.	2.17	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; phenazines	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
amiprophos methyl amiprophos methyl: structure	1.96	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	3.06	1	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	2.63	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
thiacloprid thiacloprid: structure in first source. (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.	7.31	1	0	monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
methotrexate [no description available]	1.95	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
camphora camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor.	2.03	1	0	camphor
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	2.45	2	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.03	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
n-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide: structure in first source. fenhexamid : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2,3-dichlorophenol.	2.17	1	0	anilide fungicide; aromatic amide; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; phenols	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.72 (methylsterol monooxygenase) inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.02	1	0
graveoline graveoline: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	quinolines
arabinose [no description available]	1.95	1	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	1.95	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.17	1	0	cellotriose
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	3.48	2	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
bisabolol Kamillosan: drug combination containing chamomile and bisabolol; used to treat dermatitis	2.03	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.02	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
ergosterol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.06	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	1.98	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	1.95	1	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
rhapontin rhapontin: constituent of rhubarb rhizome	2.06	1	0	rhaponticin	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	1.96	1	0	diphosphate ion
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	1.95	1	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	2.36	2	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
thiazoline-2-thione thiazoline-2-thione: carboxyl-activating reagent in peptide synthesis	1.93	1	0
ethylenethiourea Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.	2.01	1	0	imidazolidines
nabam mancozeb: complex of zinc & maneb, containing 20% manganese & 2.5% zinc. mancozeb : A mixture composed from maneb and zineb, which is used as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.. ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid) : A dithiocarbamic acid resulting from the formal addition of a molecule of carbon disulfide to each amino group of ethylenediamine.	3.15	5	0	dithiocarbamic acids
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	8.52	8	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	3.06	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	8.94	13	0
phosphamidon Phosphamidon: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.	6.99	1	0
thiophanate thiophanate-methyl : A member of the class of thioureas that is the dimethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	2	1	0	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal agrochemical
thiophanate Thiophanate: Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.. thiophanate : A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	3.41	7	0	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal drug
azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.	3.12	5	0	aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic
2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid: in urine of workers exposed to carbon disulfide	2.38	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
n,n'-methylene-bis(2-amino-5-sulfhydryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole) bismerthiazol: a bactericide and fungicide	2.17	1	0
cystine [no description available]	1.95	1	0
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.	1.96	1	0
dimethyldithiocarbamate Dimethyldithiocarbamate: A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.. dimethyldithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamate anions resulting from the removal of the proton from the dithiocarbamic acid moiety of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.	2.4	2	0	dithiocarbamate anions
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	1.95	1	0
pinosylvin pinosylvin: phytoalexin found in pine and eucalyptus	2.06	1	0	pinosylvin
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.48	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.01	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
Pinosylvin methyl ether [no description available]	2.06	1	0	stilbenoid
pterostilbene [no description available]	2.06	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
cyhalothrin cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	3.4	5	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid 9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid: structure given in first source. 9-oxo-10E,12E-ODE : An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of 10E,12E-octadecadienoic acid with the oxo substituent located at position 9.	2.04	1	0	enone; oxooctadecadienoic acid	metabolite
benzphetamine Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.	1.95	1	0	amphetamines; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; appetite depressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; sympathomimetic agent
3,5-dimethoxy-trans-stilbene 3,5-dimethoxystilbene: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	stilbenoid
ligustilide ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	butenolide	metabolite
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	1.98	1	0	alkali metal atom
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.38	2	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
2-Phenylethyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	cinnamate ester
monocrotophos Monocrotophos: An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.. monocrotophos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	1.99	1	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid amide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
3,4',5-trimethoxystilbene 3,4',5-trimethoxystilbene: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.05	1	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	7.87	4	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
propineb propineb: structure. propineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the propylene 1,2-bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. A fungicide, it is used to control a wide range of fungal diseases, including downy mildew, brown rot, black rot, red fire, leaf spot, and blight in crops such as grapes, tomatoes, potatoes, berries, citrus, rice and tea.	1.98	1	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
kresoxim-methyl kresoxim-methyl: strobilurin analogue; an industrial fungicide. kresoxim-methyl : A carboxylic ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino){2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acetic acid. A fungicide for the control of scab on apples and pears and other fungal diseases on a wide range of crops.	2.49	2	0	aromatic ether; methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; oxime O-ether	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
cyhexatin cyhexatin: structure	2.01	1	0
triphenyltin hydroxide fentin hydroxide : An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a hydroxy group. A fungicide used to control a variety of infections including blight on potatoes, leaf spot on sugar beet and alternaria blight on carrots.	1.96	1	0
pyrachlostrobin pyraclostrobin : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of [2-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]methoxycarbamic acid. A fungicide used to control major plant pathogens including Septoria tritici, Puccinia spp. and Pyrenophora teres.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide; methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
borneol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	borneol
pseudane ix pseudane IX: isolated from Ruta angustifolia leaves; structure in first source	3.53	2	0
arachidin-1 arachidin-1: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	1.95	1	0	nystatins
arachidin-3 arachidin-3: an NSAID and antioxidant isolated from Arachis hypogaea; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
penthiopyrad penthiopyrad: a fungicide. penthiopyrad : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-penthiopyrad. Used to control rust and Rhizoctonia diseases and also shows activity against grey mould, powdery mildew and apple scab.. 1-methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)thiophen-3-amine.	7.63	2	0	aromatic amide; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; thiophenes
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	7.64	3	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.36	2	0	glycoside
phenylmercuric acetate Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.	1.95	1	0	arylmercury compound; benzenes
bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for tributylin: 688-73-3	1.96	1	0	inorganic molecular entity
chitosan [no description available]	2.77	3	0
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	1.99	1	0
kahalalide f kahalalide F: a cyclodepsipeptide toxin; isolated from a mollusk, Elysia rubefescens; exhibits antitumoral activity against cell lines of colon cancer and prostatic cancer; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide benzovindiflupyr: broad-spectrum fungicide; structure in first source. benzovindiflupyr : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (1R,4S)- and (1S,4R)-benzovindiflupyr. A fungicide that is active agaist a range of cereal diseases.. N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-amine.	2.31	1	0	aromatic amide; bridged compound; olefinic compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles
trifloxystrobin trifloxystrobin : The methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino)[2-({[(E)-{1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino]oxy}methyl)phenyl]acetic acid. A foliar applied fungicide for cereals which is particularly active against Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Oomycetes	7.78	3	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	1.95	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.07	1	0
4-hydroxycoumarin 2-hydroxychromone: structure	2.01	1	0	hydroxycoumarin
pyrethrins [no description available]	4	13	0
mancozeb dithane M-45: coordination product of zinc ion & manganese ethylene bis dithiocarbamate	1.97	1	0
ferbam ferbam: structure. ferbam : A dithiocarbamate salt that is the iron(III) salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. Formerly used as a fungicide.	2.4	2	0
diospyros Diospyros: A plant genus of the family EBENACEAE, order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the edible fruit and the antibacterial activity and compounds of the wood.	2.03	1	0
aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.	6.98	1	0
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	1.96	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.03	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.	1.95	1	0	nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.01	1	0
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	2.87	4	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
eye [no description available]	1.95	1	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	1.96	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	1.96	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	2.03	1
Insect Bites [description not available]	2.05	1
Insect Bites and Stings Bites and stings inflicted by insects.	2.05	1
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	2.6	1
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	3.33	2
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	8.17	1
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	3.33	2
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.15	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.59	9
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	2.21	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.62	3
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	3.67	10
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.62	3
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	2.04	1
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	2.04	1
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	2.05	1
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	2.05	1
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.07	1
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.07	1
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	2.08	1
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	2.08	1
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	2.01	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.93	4
Arrhythmia [description not available]	2.01	1
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	2.01	1
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.02	1
Dermatophytoses [description not available]	2.02	1
Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.	2.02	1
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	1.96	1
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	4.83	13
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	5.04	10
Cardiac Cancer [description not available]	1.96	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.66	3
Metastase [description not available]	1.96	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.37	2
Cancer of Spleen [description not available]	1.96	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	1.96	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.66	3
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	1.96	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	1.96	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	4.48	9
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	1.96	1
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	2.87	4
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	3.8	4
Aneuploid [description not available]	1.95	1
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	1.98	1
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.67	3
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.67	3
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.68	3
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	2.68	3
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	1.98	1
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	2.68	3
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	1.98	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	1.98	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	1.98	1
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	1.98	1
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.67	3
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.67	3
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.67	3
Diathesis [description not available]	1.99	1
Endothelioma, Vascular [description not available]	1.99	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	1.99	1
Hemangioendothelioma A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)	1.99	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	1.99	1
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	3.8	4
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	3.8	4
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	3.78	4
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	3.98	5
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	3.98	5
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	2.64	3
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	2.86	1
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	1.95	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1.98	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.38	2
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	1.97	1
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	1.97	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.38	2
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	2.89	1
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.38	2
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	1.97	1
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.38	2
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	1.97	1
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	2.36	2
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	1.97	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	1.97	1
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	2.88	1
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	1.94	1
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	1.94	1
Polyploid [description not available]	1.95	1
Sterility, Male [description not available]	1.95	1
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	1.95	1
Hives [description not available]	1.95	1
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	1.95	1
Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.	1.95	1
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	1.94	1
Embryopathies [description not available]	1.94	1

captan

Description

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Synonyms (142)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

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Roles (1)

Drug Classes (4)

Protein Targets (96)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (195)

Molecular Functions (69)

Ceullar Components (43)

Bioassays (109)

Research

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Research Demand Index: 60.51

Study Types

captan

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (142)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (4)

Protein Targets (96)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (195)

Molecular Functions (69)

Ceullar Components (43)

Bioassays (109)

Research

Studies (343)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 60.51

Study Types

Related Drugs (327)

Related Conditions (96)