alanine and 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease studies

Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Upon transfection, the replicon RNA replicated in various cell lines, and was sensitive to interferon alpha (IFN-α), remdesivir, but was resistant to hepatitis C virus inhibitors daclatasvir and sofosbuvir."	4.02	A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-vectored noninfectious replicon of SARS-CoV-2. ( Chen, S; Song, W; Yi, Z; Yuan, Z; Zhang, Y, 2021)
" After examining the molecular structures and activities of hepatitis C viral inhibitors and comparing hepatitis C virus and coronavirus replication, we previously postulated that the FDA-approved hepatitis C drug EPCLUSA (Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir) might inhibit SARS-CoV-2."	3.96	Sofosbuvir terminated RNA is more resistant to SARS-CoV-2 proofreader than RNA terminated by Remdesivir. ( Chien, M; Jockusch, S; Ju, J; Kalachikov, S; Kumar, S; Li, X; Morozova, I; Russo, JJ; Tao, C, 2020)
"Remdesivir is approved for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in nonhospitalized and hospitalized adult and pediatric patients."	3.30	Viral Resistance Analyses From the Remdesivir Phase 3 Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial-1 (ACTT-1). ( Camus, G; Gale, M; Greninger, AL; Han, D; Hao, L; Hedskog, C; Huang, ML; Ireton, RC; Jerome, KR; Li, J; Perry, JK; Porter, DP; Rodriguez, L; Roychoudhury, P, 2023)
"In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of quercetin in combination with remdesivir and favipiravir, were evaluated in severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients."	3.11	The therapeutic efficacy of quercetin in combination with antiviral drugs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized controlled trial. ( Abolnezhadian, F; Alavi, SM; Ghafourian, M; Khodadadi, A; Mahmoudian-Sani, MR; Nashibi, R; Sharhani, A; Shohan, M, 2022)
"BACKGROUNDSevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a dysregulated immune response, which can result in cytokine-release syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)."	3.11	Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of human anti-LIGHT monoclonal antibody in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. ( Anderson, C; Neil, GA; Perlin, DS; Raines, S; Ware, CF; Wilkins, HJ; Zafir-Lavie, I, 2022)
"Molnupiravir is a newer oral antiviral drug that has recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) in USA, UK and India."	3.11	An updated practical guideline on use of molnupiravir and comparison with agents having emergency use authorization for treatment of COVID-19. ( Misra, A; Singh, A; Singh, AK; Singh, R, 2022)
"Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is associated with dysregulated inflammation."	3.01	Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19. ( Ahuja, N; Amin, AN; Arguinchona, H; Beigel, JH; Billings, J; Bonnett, T; Branche, AR; Burgess, TH; Cantos, VD; Cardoso, A; Cohen, SH; Davey, RT; de Bono, S; Dempsey, W; Deye, GA; Dodd, LE; El Sahly, HM; Elie, MC; Engemann, JJ; Erdmann, N; Ferreira, J; Finberg, RW; Frank, M; Ghazaryan, V; Green, M; Hsieh, L; Iovine, NM; Jackson, PEH; Jain, MK; Kalil, AC; Kim, ES; Kline, S; Ko, ER; Larson, L; Luetkemeyer, AF; Lye, DC; Makowski, M; Marconi, VC; Mehta, AK; Mularski, RA; Nayak, SU; Nielsen, H; Oh, MD; Patterson, TF; Paules, CI; Ponce, PO; Proschan, M; Regalado Pineda, J; Rouphael, NG; Ruiz-Palacios, GM; Saklawi, Y; Sandkovsky, U; Sweeney, DA; Taiwo, B; Tan, SY; Tapson, V; Taylor, BS; Tomashek, KM; Watanabe, M; Wolfe, CR, 2021)
" Remdesivir was dosed intravenously at 200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg/d."	2.94	Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients With Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Ahn, MY; Arribas López, JR; Bernasconi, E; Bhagani, S; Blair, C; Brainard, DM; Cao, H; Castagna, A; Cattelan, AM; Chai, LYA; Chang, SC; Criner, GJ; Gaggar, A; Gottlieb, RL; Huhn, G; Hyland, RH; Le Turnier, P; Malhotra, P; Marty, FM; McPhail, MJ; Mullane, KM; Ogbuagu, O; Osinusi, AO; Roestenberg, M; Sanyal, AJ; SenGupta, D; Soriano Viladomiu, A; Spinner, CD; Tsang, OTY; Wang, H, 2020)
" All adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity."	2.94	Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID-19, in Healthy Subjects. ( Cao, H; Chng, E; German, P; Humeniuk, R; Ling, J; Mathias, A; Osinusi, A; Shen, G; Vu, A, 2020)
"To find effective and safe treatments for COVID-19, the WHO recommended to systemically evaluate experimental therapeutics in collaborative randomised clinical trials."	2.94	Protocol for the DisCoVeRy trial: multicentre, adaptive, randomised trial of the safety and efficacy of treatments for COVID-19 in hospitalised adults. ( Ader, F, 2020)
" Its clinical efficacy has been evaluated, but needs to be optimized with regard to timing, dosage and duration of treatment, and route of administration."	2.72	Remdesivir: Quo vadis? ( De Clercq, E, 2021)
"Montelukast has shown anti-inflammatory effects, reduced cytokine production, improvement in post-infection cough production and other lung complications."	2.72	Possible Therapeutic Potential of Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast in Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19. ( Dey, M; Singh, RK, 2021)
" The outcomes studied were mortality, all adverse events, serious adverse events, and clinical improvement."	2.72	Safety and Efficacy of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Goudarzi, R; Mehrolhassani, MH; Tasavon Gholamhoseini, M; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, 2021)
" However, management of acute seizures in patients with COVID-19 as well as management of PWE and COVID-19 needs to consider potential drug-drug interactions between antiseizure drugs and candidate drugs currently assessed as therapeutic options for COVID-19."	2.72	Management of COVID-19 in patients with seizures: Mechanisms of action of potential COVID-19 drug treatments and consideration for potential drug-drug interactions with anti-seizure medications. ( Chandra, PP; Jain, S; Potschka, H; Tripathi, M; Vohora, D, 2021)
"He developed severe sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and received intravenous high dose corticosteroid and tocilizumab to counter SARS-CoV2 associated cytokine surge."	2.72	Severe acute myopathy following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report and review of recent literature. ( Ahmed, M; Begum, SM; Islam, B; Islam, Z, 2021)
"However, the very specific nature of acute lymphoblastic leukemias and their treatment in children and adolescents led the Leukemia Committee of the French Society for the fight against Cancers and leukemias in children and adolescents (SFCE) to propose more specific recommendations."	2.72	COVID19 and acute lymphoblastic leukemias of children and adolescents: Updated recommendations (Version 2) of the Leukemia Committee of the French Society for the fight against Cancers and leukemias in children and adolescents (SFCE). ( Baruchel, A; Bertrand, Y; Boissel, N; Brethon, B; Ducassou, S; Gandemer, V; Halfon-Domenech, C; Leblanc, T; Leverger, G; Michel, G; Petit, A; Ray-Lunven, AF; Rohrlich, PS; Rouger-Gaudichon, J; Schneider, P; Sirvent, N; Strullu, M, 2021)
" Low-dose radiation (LDR), at a much lower dosage than applied in cancer treatment, re-emerged after a 75-year silence in its use in unresolved pneumonia, as a scientific interest with surprising effects in soothing the cytokine storm and other symptoms in severe COVID-19 patients."	2.72	COVID-19: The Disease, the Immunological Challenges, the Treatment with Pharmaceuticals and Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation. ( Azzam, EI; Jadhav, AB; Wang, Y; Yu, J, 2021)
" However, should some hospitalized patients have dosage escalation to intermediate dose? Should some be considered for full-dose anticoagulation without a measurable thromboembolic event and how should that anticoagulation be monitored? Should patients receive postdischarge anticoagulation and with what medication and for how long? What thrombotic issues are related to the various medications being used to treat this coagulopathy? Is antiphospholipid antibody part of this syndrome? What is the significance of isolated ischemic stroke and limb ischemia in this disorder and how does this interface with the rest of the clinical and laboratory features of this disorder? The aims of this article are to explore these questions and interpret the available data based on the current evidence."	2.72	COVID-19 and Its Implications for Thrombosis and Anticoagulation. ( Berkman, SA; Tapson, VF, 2021)
"Mucormycosis is an uncommon but serious infection that complicates the course of severe COVID-19."	2.72	Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature. ( Agarwal, R; Bhalla, A; Chakrabarti, A; Garg, D; Kaur, H; Muthu, V; Puri, GD; Ramachandran, R; Sehgal, IS, 2021)
"Coronavirus Disease 2019 is a contagious infection that has infected millions worldwide."	2.72	The effect of antivirals on COVID-19: a systematic review. ( Alom, S; Harky, A; Hewage, S; Hussain, N; Yoganathan, A, 2021)
"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic posed a serious public health concern and started a race against time for researchers to discover an effective and safe therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2."	2.72	The History, Efficacy, and Safety of Potential Therapeutics: A Narrative Overview of the Complex Life of COVID-19. ( Abou-Sleymane, G; Al Faraj, A; Badro, DA; Daou, F; Khanafer, N; Tobaiqy, M, 2021)
"Favipiravir has resulted in a higher viral clearance than remdesivir."	2.72	A complementary critical appraisal on systematic reviews regarding the most efficient therapeutic strategies for the current COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. ( Dehghan, H; Fazlzadeh, A; Haddad, F; Kheirabadi, D; Mousavi-Roknabadi, RS; Rezaeisadrabadi, M, 2021)
" The scientific community is studying and testing numerous compounds that can be effective and safe for treating people with covid-19."	2.72	[The praise of uncertainty: a systematic living review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug treatments for patients with covid-19.] ( Amato, L; Cruciani, F; Davoli, M; De Crescenzo, F; Mitrova, Z; Saulle, R; Vecchi, S, 2021)
"The whole world is battling through coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is a fatal pandemic."	2.72	Antiviral treatment in COVID-19: which is the most promising?-a narrative review. ( Wen, S; Xu, X; Yadav, AK; Yu, L, 2021)
" Recommendations were made based on available data, consideration of pharmacokinetic properties (including variability), the dosing and anticipated treatment duration of each regimen in COVID-19 and known toxicities."	2.72	Recommendations for Dosing of Repurposed COVID-19 Medications in Patients with Renal and Hepatic Impairment. ( Back, D; Boyle, A; Burger, D; Davidson, K; El-Sherif, O; Gibbons, S; Khoo, S; Marra, F; Marzolini, C; Siccardi, M; Smolders, EJ; Sommerville, AJ, 2021)
"An outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by an infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019."	2.72	Therapeutic and Vaccine Options for COVID-19: Status after Six Months of the Disease Outbreak. ( Durvasula, R; Durvasula, SR; Kunamneni, A; Maciorowski, D; Ogaugwu, C, 2021)
"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was not associated with the incidence of death (risk ratio (RR)=1."	2.72	Evaluation of current medical approaches for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Deng, M; Hu, Y; Jiang, L; Luo, X; Pan, L; Wang, M; Wu, T; Xia, Z; Yang, X; You, Y; Zuo, Z, 2021)
"Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more than 75,000 cases have been reported in 32 countries/regions, resulting in more than 2000 deaths worldwide."	2.66	Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths. ( Hsueh, PR; Hsueh, SC; Ko, WC; Lai, CC; Liu, YH; Wang, CY; Wang, YH; Yen, MY, 2020)
"To reduce the case-fatality rate among coronavirus disease 2019 patients, we should not ignore the complications, such as RNAaemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction."	2.66	Controversial treatments: An updated understanding of the coronavirus disease 2019. ( Dai, Y; Huang, S; Zhang, C; Zheng, F, 2020)
"The emerging outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to spread all over the world."	2.66	Potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19: What we know so far. ( Chang, YL; Chen, MY; Lee, WS; Lu, CC, 2020)
"Oseltamivir has not been shown to have efficacy, and corticosteroids are currently not recommended."	2.66	Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. ( Cutrell, JB; Jodlowski, TZ; Monogue, ML; Sanders, JM, 2020)
"Management of drug-drug interactions between investigational anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and immunosuppressants is a complex task for the clinician."	2.66	Pharmacologic Treatment of Transplant Recipients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Considerations Regarding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drug-Drug Interactions. ( Bergan, S; Elens, L; Hesselink, DA; Langman, LJ; Lemaitre, F; Moes, DJAR; Molinaro, M; Venkataramanan, R, 2020)
"The full impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), on the field of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is unknown."	2.66	Addressing the Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Learning Networks as a Means for Sharing Best Practices. ( Ardura, M; Auletta, JJ; Dandoy, C; Hartley, D; Jaglowski, S; Lehmann, L, 2020)
"Therapeutic options for coronavirus disease 2019 are desperately needed to respond to the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic."	2.66	Medical treatment options for COVID-19. ( Delang, L; Neyts, J, 2020)
"Your community is in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic."	2.66	Just the facts: What drugs are safe and effective for COVID-19? ( Gottlieb, M; Hicks, C; Liang, SY; Long, B; Rosenberg, H, 2020)
"The global pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an urgent need for effective antivirals."	2.66	Remdesivir: Review of Pharmacology, Pre-clinical Data, and Emerging Clinical Experience for COVID-19. ( Dresser, LD; Jorgensen, SCJ; Kebriaei, R, 2020)
"Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly disrupts the respiratory system, there is accumulating experience that the disease, particularly in its more severe manifestations, also affects the cardiovascular system."	2.66	A current review of COVID-19 for the cardiovascular specialist. ( Bohula, EA; Lang, JP; Morrow, DA; Moura, FA; Siddiqi, HK; Wang, X, 2020)
"The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with its early origin from Wuhan city in China has evolved into a global pandemic."	2.66	Clinical management of COVID-19. ( Abraham, OC; John, R; Karthik, R; Manesh, A; Varghese, GM, 2020)
"Now, it has been evidenced that Covid19 (SARS-CoV-2) infects the brain tissues."	2.66	CNS Penetration Ability: A Critical Factor for Drugs in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Brain Infection. ( Danta, CC, 2020)
"The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019."	2.66	Is hydroxychloroquine beneficial for COVID-19 patients? ( Agostinis, P; Carafoli, E; Li, X; Melino, G; Rabson, A; Shi, Y; Sun, E; Wang, Y, 2020)
"With the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late December 2019, many clinical studies on a group of the pre-existing medications have been conducted to treat this disease."	2.66	Re-tasking the use of pre-existing medications and potential therapeutic options for coronavirus disease (COVID-19): systematic review of clinical studies. ( Dizaye, K; Marouf, BH, 2020)
"Umifenovir (Arbidol) was associated with reduction in mortality in few studies."	2.66	Clinical efficacy of antivirals against novel coronavirus (COVID-19): A review. ( Al-Yamani, MJ; Asdaq, SMB; Jomah, S, 2020)
"Lopinavir-ritonavir was significantly associated with shorter mean time to clinical recovery (SMD -0."	2.66	Efficacy of various treatment modalities for nCOV-2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Hadda, V; Misra, S; Nath, M; Vibha, D, 2020)
"The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 has resulted in over 20 million cases and 741,808 deaths globally, affecting more than 200 countries."	2.66	Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2. ( Adewale, OB; Akanbi, MO; Bakare, OO; Fadaka, AO; Klein, A; Madiehe, AM; Meyer, M; Sibuyi, NRS, 2020)
" We aimed at determining which drugs used in dentistry interact with Remdesivir in order to avoid adverse reactions that may worsen the condition of patients with COVID-19."	2.66	Remdesivir-COVID-19: drug interactions in dentistry. ( Gómez-Moreno, G, 2020)
"Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), many studies have been performed to characterize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and find the optimum way to combat this virus."	2.66	Remdesivir: A beacon of hope from Ebola virus disease to COVID-19. ( Farbod, A; Mahmoudi, H; Mozafarihashjin, M; Neishabouri, A; Nili, A; Tavakolpour, S, 2020)
" This review summarizes the current data for the most commonly used drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 and will cover the unique factors that may affect the dosing of these medications in patients with CKD."	2.66	Treatment Options for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients With Reduced or Absent Kidney Function. ( Govil, A; Luckett, K; Miller-Handley, H, 2020)
"Myocarditis is increasingly recognized as a complication of Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) and may result from direct viral injury or from exaggerated host immune response."	2.66	Update on COVID-19 Myocarditis. ( Agdamag, ACC; Alexy, T; Charpentier, V; Chowdhury, M; Edmiston, JB; Francis, GS; Fraser, M; Maharaj, VR, 2020)
" The outcomes of interest were mortality, progression to severe disease (severe pneumonia, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and/or mechanical ventilation), viral clearance rate, QT prolongation, fatal cardiac complications, and noncardiac serious adverse events."	2.66	Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. ( An, MH; Hwang, TH; Kim, MS; Kim, WJ, 2020)
"Remdesivir is an antiviral agent, which was shown to be safe and effective in treating early COVID-19, but its favourable impact in hospitalised patients with non-critical disease is still under investigation."	1.91	Effectiveness and Safety of Remdesivir in Treating Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19: A Propensity Score Analysis of Real-Life Data from a Monocentric Observational Study in Times of Health Emergency. ( Adinolfi, A; Bernasconi, DP; Bertuzzi, M; Colombo, F; Del Gaudio, F; Dicuonzo, A; Epis, OM; Giannattasio, C; Maloberti, A; Rossetti, C; Scaglione, F; Tarsia, P; Travi, G; Ughi, N; Valsecchi, MG, 2023)
" We found that mean (standard deviation) recovery of RDV at 6 hours after dosing was low in both the ECMO (33."	1.72	Remdesivir and GS-441524 Extraction by Ex Vivo Extracorporeal Life Support Circuits. ( Green, DJ; Imburgia, CE; Kelley, WE; Mcknite, AM; Reilly, CA; Rower, JE; Watt, KM, 2022)
"The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic since its emergence from Wuhan, China, in December of 2019."	1.72	Case Report: Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection Treated with Remdesivir in a Patient with ESRD. ( Blanco, R; Haider, N; Patel, RH; Pella, PM, 2022)
"Patients who experienced cytokine storms tend to have a high mortality rate."	1.72	Impact of cytokine storm on severity of COVID-19 disease in a private hospital in West Jakarta prior to vaccination. ( Abu Bakar, U; Gan, SH; Jaber, AAS; Jusnita, N; Lukas, S; Pratiwy, I; Ramatillah, DL; Syed Sulaiman, SA, 2022)
"Patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) are at a higher risk of developing severe form and protracted course of COVID-19 disease."	1.72	Early administration of remdesivir plus convalescent plasma therapy is effective to treat COVID-19 pneumonia in B-cell depleted patients with hematological malignancies. ( Diószegi, Á; Farkas, K; Hevessy, Z; Illés, Á; Magyari, F; Nagy, B; Nagy, G; Páyer, E; Pinczés, LI; Sik, M; Simon, Z; Ujfalusi, S, 2022)
"The optimal treatment for chronic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unknown."	1.72	Treatment of chronic or relapsing COVID-19 in immunodeficiency. ( AbdulKhaliq, I; Baxendale, H; Bermingham, W; Brown, LK; Brown, M; Buckland, M; Goodman, A; Hunter, M; Jarvis, H; Jenkins, M; Jolles, S; Karanam, S; Khan, S; Lowe, DM; Moran, E; Patel, A; Richter, A; Robbins, A; Savic, S; Shields, A; Simpson, T; Underwood, J, 2022)
"Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild infection in most children, a small proportion develop severe or critical illness."	1.62	Multicenter Interim Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. ( Abzug, MJ; Aldrich, ML; Bio, L; Chiotos, K; Cross, SJ; Denison, MR; Dillman, NO; Downes, KJ; Dulek, DE; Goldman, DL; Grapentine, S; Groves, HE; Hayes, M; Hersh, AL; James, SH; Jones, SB; Kimberlin, DW; Lamb, GS; MacBrayne, CE; Nakamura, MM; Newland, JG; Oliveira, CR; Olivero, R; Orscheln, RC; Pinninti, SG; Rajapakse, NS; Ratner, AJ; Schwenk, HT; Soma, VL; Tamma, PD; Thorell, EA; Timberlake, K; Tribble, AC; Vora, SB; Waghmare, A; Wattier, RL; Wolf, J; Yarbrough, A; Young, J; Zachariah, P, 2021)
" As opposed to intravenous injection, extended release subcutaneous injection has the benefits of reducing face-to-face contact, minimizing hospitalization, reducing dosing frequency and reducing overall health care cost."	1.62	Self-injectable extended release formulation of Remdesivir (SelfExRem): A potential formulation alternative for COVID-19 treatment. ( Palekar, S; Patel, K; Patki, M; Reznik, S, 2021)
"We describe a case of chronic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient with lymphoma and associated B-cell immunodeficiency."	1.62	Prolonged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication in an Immunocompromised Patient. ( Adams, M; Baang, JH; Bachman, MA; Lauring, AS; Manthei, DM; Martin, ET; Mirabelli, C; Smith, C; Valesano, AL; Washer, L; Wobus, CE, 2021)
"The global death toll from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exceeded 2 million, and treatments to decrease mortality are needed urgently."	1.62	Remdesivir and systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19: A Bayesian re-analysis. ( Brophy, JM; Butler-Laporte, G; Cheng, MP; Harrison, LB; Lee, TC; McDonald, EG, 2021)
"The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Coronavirus Disease 2019 panel has expanded to include 43 experts from 14 countries; all panel members completed an electronic conflict-of-interest disclosure form."	1.62	Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the ICU: First Update. ( Al Duhailib, Z; Alhazzani, W; Alshahrani, M; Alshamsi, F; Antonelli, M; Arabi, YM; Arrington, A; Bala, M; Belley-Cote, E; Bridges, E; Burry, L; Cecconi, M; Chertow, DS; Citerio, G; Coopersmith, CM; Crowther, M; Derde, L; Du, B; Dzierba, A; Evans, L; Fan, E; Greco, M; Hammond, N; Hayden, FG; Kaplan, LJ; Kesecioglu, J; Kleinpell, R; Koh, Y; Levy, MM; Lewis, K; Loeb, M; Machado, F; Mammen, MJ; Martin, GS; McGeer, A; Memish, ZA; Mermel, L; Møller, MH; Nainan Myatra, S; Ng Gong, M; Oczkowski, S; Ostermann, M; Prescott, HC; Rhodes, A; Szczeklik, W; Wunsch, H; Zarychanski, R, 2021)
"The CTPA revealed left pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), treated with low-molecular-weight heparin."	1.62	Deep vein thrombosis with pulmonary thromboembolism in a case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. ( Devi, S; Kar, N; Mohakud, S; Muthuvel, D, 2021)
"We highlight the value of considering seizures and encephalopathy as one of the presenting features of COVID-19 disease."	1.62	A young man presenting with encephalopathy and seizures secondary to SARS-CoV-2. ( Ijaz, M; Jalil, BA; Khan, AM; Ledbetter, TG, 2021)
"We describe a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient with mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) undergoing brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (A+AVD) therapy."	1.62	Prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during A+AVD therapy for classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: A case report. ( Fujii, H; Goda, S; Hiraoka, N; Matsumoto, Y; Matsuyama, A; Omura, A; Ono, S; Shiotsu, S; Suga, Y; Sugitani, M; Takumi, C; Tanaka, S; Tsuji, T; Yuba, T, 2021)
" To exclude toxic concentrations of potential drugs, the network was expanded to include a toxic score (TOX) that detected cell death (CPETOXnet)."	1.62	Deep Transfer Learning Approach for Automatic Recognition of Drug Toxicity and Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. ( Bhatia, S; Borkhardt, A; Kather, JN; Kronberg, RM; Lang, KS; Lang, PA; Müller, L; Ostermann, PN; Pandyra, AA; Schaal, H; Stachura, P; Werner, J, 2021)
" In spite of United States Food and Drug Administration's recent assent of remdesivir as the only approved agent for COVID-19, there is limited information available about the physicochemical, metabolism, transport, pharmacokinetic (PK), and drug-drug interaction (DDI) properties of this drug."	1.62	Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions. ( Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)
"Most pediatric cancer patients with COVID-19 should have good clinical outcomes except for patients with critical infections."	1.62	Management and Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Single Centre Experience from a Developing Country. ( Abdo, I; Abouelnaga, S; Al-Halfawy, A; El-Ansary, MG; Elhaddad, A; Elmeniawy, S; Hammad, M; Hassan, R; Khamis, N; Madeny, Y; Mansour, T; Shalaby, L; Sherief, N; Sidhom, I; Soliman, S; Zaki, I, 2021)
"Therefore, the development of novel treatments against coronavirus infections caused by the current SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as other highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, represents an urgent unmet need."	1.62	Inhibition of coronavirus infection by a synthetic STING agonist in primary human airway system. ( Cheng, J; Gao, L; Liu, H; Pan, X; Wang, L; Wu, D; Yan, Z; Yao, X; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Q, 2021)
"By late 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), had caused tens of millions of infections and over 1 million deaths worldwide."	1.62	Stenoparib, an Inhibitor of Cellular Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase, Blocks Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 Human Coronaviruses ( French, CT; Jaramillo, SA; Jones, AN; Keim, P; Knudsen, S; Martz, M; Ng, KR; Nottingham, R; Nunnally, HE; Raniere, MO; Sahl, JW; Settles, EW; Stone, NE; Vazquez, AJ; Versluis, LM; Wagner, DM; Zarn, KE, 2021)
"Effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are urgently needed."	1.62	Beneficial effect of combinational methylprednisolone and remdesivir in hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ( Cai, JP; Cao, J; Chan, CC; Chan, JF; Chu, H; Jin, DY; Ong, CP; Poon, VK; Tang, K; Yang, D; Ye, ZW; Yu, CY; Yuan, S; Yuen, KY; Zhang, AJ, 2021)
"We report the first pharmacokinetic evaluation of remdesivir and GS-441524 in recovered COVID-19 patients."	1.56	Pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and GS-441524 in two critically ill patients who recovered from COVID-19. ( Agrati, C; Ascoli Bartoli, T; Avataneo, V; Capobianchi, MR; Caputi, P; Castilletti, C; D'Avolio, A; Forini, O; Ippolito, G; Lalle, E; Marchioni, L; Nicastri, E; Notari, S; Scorzolini, L; Tempestilli, M, 2020)
" Therapies dosed soon after peak viral load when symptoms develop may decrease shedding duration and immune response intensity but have little effect on viral area under the curve (AUC), which is driven by high early viral loads."	1.56	Potency and timing of antiviral therapy as determinants of duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and intensity of inflammatory response. ( Cardozo-Ojeda, EF; Goyal, A; Schiffer, JT, 2020)
"Rheumatic diseases were IA (60%) and CTD (40%)."	1.56	Clinical outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a multicentric matched cohort study. ( Alvaro-Gracia, JM; Blanco, R; Carmona, L; Castrejón, I; Fernández Fernández, D; Fernandez-Nebro, A; Galindo, M; Gonzalez-Gay, MA; Lledó, A; Manrique-Arija, S; Martinez-Lopez, D; Mena Vázquez, N; Mera-Varela, A; Pablos, JL; Retuerto, M, 2020)
"Effective therapies to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed."	1.56	Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2. ( Anzick, S; Barbian, K; Bosio, CM; Cihlar, T; de Wit, E; Feldmann, F; Hanley, PW; Leighton, I; Lovaglio, J; Martens, C; Meade-White, K; Munster, VJ; Okumura, A; Pérez-Pérez, L; Porter, DP; Saturday, G; Schulz, J; Schwarz, B; Scott, DP; van Doremalen, N; Williamson, BN; Yinda, CK, 2020)
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used to inform pediatric dosing for hydroxychloroquine."	1.56	Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. ( Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)
"Among 2,186 U."	1.56	Utilization of COVID-19 Treatments and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Cancer: A COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) Cohort Study. ( Arcobello, J; Bakouny, Z; Choueiri, TK; de Lima Lopes, G; Doroshow, DB; Egan, PC; Farmakiotis, D; Fecher, LA; Friese, CR; Galsky, MD; Goel, S; Grivas, P; Gupta, S; Halfdanarson, TR; Halmos, B; Hawley, JE; Hsu, CY; Khaki, AR; Kuderer, NM; Lee, BJ; Lemmon, CA; Lyman, GH; Mishra, S; Olszewski, AJ; Painter, CA; Panagiotou, OA; Pennell, NA; Peters, S; Puc, MM; Revankar, SG; Rini, BI; Rivera, DR; Rubinstein, SM; Schapira, L; Schmidt, A; Schwartz, GK; Shah, DP; Shah, SA; Shyr, Y; Thompson, MA; Warner, JL; Wu, JT; Xie, Z; Yeh, AC; Zhu, H, 2020)
"SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019."	1.56	Potential Repurposed Therapeutics and New Vaccines against COVID-19 and Their Clinical Status. ( Ajaz, SJ; Banday, AH; Shameem, SA, 2020)
"The response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been hampered by lack of an effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antiviral therapy."	1.56	Treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir in the absence of humoral immunity: a case report. ( Akther, HD; Bergamaschi, L; Bloor, S; Bradley, JR; Buckland, MS; Ceron-Gutierrez, L; Coulter, TI; Devlin, L; Doffinger, R; Estcourt, L; Fhogartaigh, CN; Galloway, JB; Goodfellow, IG; Grigoriadou, S; Hackstein, CP; Hamilton, WL; Harvala, H; Hunter, M; Kiani-Alikhan, S; Klenerman, P; Lear, SE; Lehner, PJ; Loman, N; Lyons, PA; Mann, T; Matheson, NJ; Meredith, L; Mescia, F; Morgan, BP; Nelson, P; Ogbe, A; Ouwehand, WH; Periselneris, J; Provine, NM; Quick, J; Roberts, DJ; Screaton, N; Smielewska, A; Smith, KGC; Stockton, J; Thaventhiran, JED; Toonen, EJM; Török, ME; Turner, L; Vaghela, D; Vieira, VA; Wilkinson, IB; Yakovleva, A; Zelek, WM, 2020)
" The author here is proposing to test 5-FU in combination with a number of deoxynucleosides on animal models infected with this Covid-19."	1.56	5-Fluorouracil in combination with deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribose as possible therapeutic options for the Coronavirus, COVID-19 infection. ( Ahmad, SI, 2020)
"Of the 61 patients who received at least one dose of remdesivir, data from 8 could not be analyzed (including 7 patients with no post-treatment data and 1 with a dosing error)."	1.56	Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19. ( Ahmed, S; Asperges, E; Bernett, J; Brainard, DM; Cao, H; Castagna, A; Chelliah, D; Chen, D; Chihara, S; Childs, R; Chokkalingam, A; Cohen, SH; Cunningham, J; D'Arminio Monforte, A; Desai, P; DeZure, A; Diaz, G; Elboudwarej, E; Feldt, T; Flanigan, T; Gaggar, A; Green, G; Green, ML; Grein, J; Henne, I; Ismail, S; Kato, H; L'Her, E; Lapadula, G; Lescure, FX; Maeno, T; Majumder, S; Massari, M; Mera, R; Mora-Rillo, M; Mutoh, Y; Myers, RP; Nguyen, D; Nicastri, E; Oda, R; Ohmagari, N; Osinusi, AO; Quiros-Roldan, E; Redinski, J; Sellers, S; Shin, D; Studemeister, A; Tan, SK; Telep, L; Timbs, L; Verweij, E; Winterbourne, L; Yo, K; Zhao, Y; Zhong, L; Zoufaly, A, 2020)
"Severe sepsis and septic shock syndromes were observed in 7 (53."	1.56	Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized and Critically Ill Children and Adolescents with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at a Tertiary Care Medical Center in New York City. ( Aldrich, M; Cabana, MD; Chao, JY; Derespina, KR; Goldman, DL; Herold, BC; Medar, SS; Ushay, HM; Weingarten, J, 2020)
"The continued emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) cases with a high case fatality rate stresses the need for the availability of effective antiviral treatments."	1.56	Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection. ( Cihlar, T; Cronin, J; de Wit, E; Feldmann, F; Feldmann, H; Jordan, R; Okumura, A; Scott, D; Thomas, T, 2020)
"Hydroxychloroquine was administered to 21 patients (11 %), favipiravir to 26 patients (13 %) and remdesivir to 13 patients (6 %)."	1.56	[Clinical progression of the first wave of novel coronavirus infection in Ostrava]. ( da Silva, S; Martinková, I; Petroušová, L; Rožnovský, L, 2020)
"Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has emerged as a global pandemic."	1.56	SARS-CoV-2 infects and induces cytotoxic effects in human cardiomyocytes. ( Aslan, GS; Bojkova, D; Ciesek, S; Cinatl, J; Dendorfer, A; Dimmeler, S; Ermel, UH; Eschenhagen, T; Frangakis, AS; Günther, S; Hansen, A; Harter, PN; Klingel, K; Krishnan, J; Luxán, G; Milting, H; Pham, MD; Saleem, U; Shumliakivska, M; Tschöpe, C; Wagner, JUG; Zeiher, AM, 2020)
"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was used by 78."	1.56	Early impact of COVID-19 on transplant center practices and policies in the United States. ( Avery, RK; Boyarsky, BJ; Durand, CM; Garonzik-Wang, JM; Getsin, SN; Jackson, KR; Kernodle, AB; Massie, AB; Po-Yu Chiang, T; Segev, DL; Van Pilsum Rasmussen, SE; Werbel, WA, 2020)
"One patient experienced a torsade de pointes requiring cardiac resuscitation and one died due to multiple organ failure."	1.56	Early experience with remdesivir in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. ( Andini, R; Bertolino, L; Corcione, A; Durante-Mangoni, E; Florio, LL; Mele, F; Murino, P; Zampino, R, 2020)
"Remdesivir has already been tested for Ebola virus disease treatment and found to have activity against SARS and MERS coronaviruses."	1.56	Development and validation of a UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of the prodrug remdesivir and its metabolite GS-441524: a tool for clinical pharmacokinetics of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and Ebola virus disease. ( Antonucci, M; Avataneo, V; Cusato, J; D'Avolio, A; de Nicolò, A; di Perri, G; Lamorde, M; Manca, A; Palermiti, A; Waitt, C; Walimbwa, S, 2020)

Research

Studies (572)

Authors

Clinical Trials (111)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Subjects Alive and Free of Respiratory Failure

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	572 (100.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Schenker, C	1
Hirzel, C	1
Walti, LN	1
Zeerleder, SS	1
Andres, M	1
Ramette, A	1
Barbani, MT	1
Suter-Riniker, F	1
Holbro, A	1
Tritschler, T	1
Congly, SE	1
Varughese, RA	1
Brown, CE	1
Clement, FM	1
Saxinger, L	1
Miller, SR	1
McGrath, ME	2
Zorn, KM	1
Ekins, S	1
Wright, SH	1
Cherrington, NJ	1
Kaye, AD	1
Cornett, EM	1
Brondeel, KC	1
Lerner, ZI	1
Knight, HE	1
Erwin, A	1
Charipova, K	1
Gress, KL	1
Urits, I	1
Urman, RD	1
Fox, CJ	1
Kevil, CG	1
Taha, HR	1
Keewan, N	1
Slati, F	1
Al-Sawalha, NA	1
Banerjee, A	1
Kanwar, M	1
Maiti, S	1
Ghosh, AK	1
Raghavaiah, J	1
Shahabi, D	1
Yadav, M	1
Anson, BJ	2
Lendy, EK	3
Hattori, SI	1
Higashi-Kuwata, N	1
Mitsuya, H	1
Mesecar, AD	3
Ader, F	3
Bouscambert-Duchamp, M	1
Hites, M	1
Peiffer-Smadja, N	1
Poissy, J	2
Belhadi, D	1
Diallo, A	1
Lê, MP	3
Peytavin, G	3
Staub, T	1
Greil, R	1
Guedj, J	1
Paiva, JA	1
Costagliola, D	1
Yazdanpanah, Y	3
Burdet, C	1
Mentré, F	1
Yu, J	1
Azzam, EI	1
Jadhav, AB	1
Wang, Y	9
Nakayoshi, T	1
Kato, K	1
Kurimoto, E	1
Oda, A	1
El-Sayed, NS	1
Jureka, AS	1
Edwards, MR	1
Lohan, S	1
Williams, CG	1
Keiser, PT	1
Davey, RA	1
Totonchy, J	1
Tiwari, RK	1
Basler, CF	1
Parang, K	1
Pereira, NMD	1
Heath, PT	1
Doerholt, K	1
Almario-Hernandez, AF	1
Gilmour, C	1
Drysdale, SB	1
Kaka, AS	1
MacDonald, R	1
Linskens, EJ	1
Wilt, TJ	1
Ciesielska, EJ	1
Kim, S	2
Bisimwa, HM	1
Grier, C	1
Rahman, MM	1
Young, CKJ	1
Young, MJ	1
Oliveira, MT	1
Ciesielski, GL	1
de Jesus, JPA	1
Assis, LC	1
de Castro, AA	1
da Cunha, EFF	1
Nepovimova, E	1
Kuca, K	1
de Castro Ramalho, T	1
de Almeida La Porta, F	1
Węcławek-Tompol, J	1
Zakrzewska, Z	1
Gryniewicz-Kwiatkowska, O	1
Pierlejewski, F	1
Bień, E	1
Zaucha-Prażmo, A	1
Zając-Spychała, O	1
Szmydki-Baran, A	1
Mizia-Malarz, A	1
Bal, W	1
Sawicka-Żukowska, M	1
Kruk, A	1
Ociepa, T	1
Raciborska, A	1
Książek, A	1
Szczepański, T	1
Peregud-Pogorzelski, J	1
Krawczuk-Rybak, M	1
Chaber, R	1
Matysiak, M	2
Wachowiak, J	1
Irga-Jaworska, N	1
Młynarski, W	1
Dembowska-Bagińska, B	1
Balwierz, W	1
Matkowska-Kocjan, A	1
Kazanowska, B	1
Styczyński, J	1
Ussowicz, M	1
Kiptanui, Z	1
Ghosh, S	1
Ali, S	2
Desai, K	1
Harris, I	1
Boras, B	1
Jones, RM	1
Arenson, D	1
Aschenbrenner, L	1
Bakowski, MA	1
Beutler, N	1
Binder, J	1
Chen, E	1
Eng, H	1
Hammond, H	1
Hammond, J	1
Haupt, RE	1
Hoffman, R	1
Kadar, EP	1
Kania, R	1
Kimoto, E	1
Kirkpatrick, MG	1
Lanyon, L	1
Lillis, JR	1
Logue, J	1
Luthra, SA	1
Ma, C	1
Mason, SW	1
Noell, S	1
Obach, RS	1
O' Brien, MN	1
O'Connor, R	1
Ogilvie, K	1
Owen, D	1
Pettersson, M	1
Reese, MR	1
Rogers, TF	1
Rosales, R	2
Rossulek, MI	1
Sathish, JG	1
Shirai, N	1
Steppan, C	1
Ticehurst, M	1
Updyke, LW	1
Weston, S	1
Zhu, Y	1
White, KM	3
García-Sastre, A	3
Wang, J	7
Chatterjee, AK	2
Frieman, MB	1
Anderson, AS	1
Allerton, C	1
Han, F	1
Liu, Y	4
Mo, M	1
Chen, J	5
Wang, C	6
Yang, Y	2
Wu, J	5
Hidalgo-Tenorio, C	1
García-Vallecillos, C	1
Sequera-Arquelladas, S	1
Vitiello, A	1
Ferrara, F	1
De Clercq, E	2
Jassem, J	1
Marek-Trzonkowska, NM	1
Smiatacz, T	1
Arcimowicz, Ł	1
Papak, I	1
Jassem, E	1
Zaucha, JM	1
Seyfi, S	1
Latifi, K	1
Amri Male, P	1
Sadeghi Haddad Zavareh, M	1
Ezoji, K	1
Mohammadnia-Afrozi, M	1
Johnson, KA	1
Dangerfield, T	1
Cheng, K	2
Martin-Sancho, L	2
Pal, LR	1
Pu, Y	2
Riva, L	2
Yin, X	2
Sinha, S	1
Nair, NU	1
Chanda, SK	2
Ruppin, E	2
Saify Nabiabad, H	1
Amini, M	1
Demirdas, S	1
Bjork, JA	1
Wallace, KB	1
Uddin, MB	1
Sajib, EH	1
Hoque, SF	1
Bappy, MNI	1
Elahi, F	1
Ghosh, A	1
Muhit, S	1
Hassan, MM	1
Hasan, M	1
Chelliah, R	1
Park, SJ	2
Mony, TJ	1
Oh, DH	1
Ahmed, SSU	1
Brown, LK	1
Moran, E	1
Goodman, A	2
Baxendale, H	1
Bermingham, W	1
Buckland, M	1
AbdulKhaliq, I	1
Jarvis, H	1
Hunter, M	2
Karanam, S	1
Patel, A	2
Jenkins, M	1
Robbins, A	1
Khan, S	3
Simpson, T	1
Jolles, S	1
Underwood, J	1
Savic, S	1
Richter, A	1
Shields, A	1
Brown, M	2
Lowe, DM	1
Sukeishi, A	1
Itohara, K	1
Yonezawa, A	1
Sato, Y	1
Matsumura, K	1
Katada, Y	1
Nakagawa, T	1
Hamada, S	1
Tanabe, N	1
Imoto, E	1
Kai, S	1
Hirai, T	1
Yanagita, M	1
Ohtsuru, S	1
Terada, T	1
Ito, I	1
Imburgia, CE	1
Rower, JE	1
Green, DJ	1
Mcknite, AM	1
Kelley, WE	1
Reilly, CA	1
Watt, KM	1
Showers, WM	1
Leach, SM	1
Kechris, K	1
Strong, M	1
Shafiekhani, M	1
Shahabinezhad, F	1
Niknam, T	1
Tara, SA	1
Haem, E	1
Mardani, P	1
Zare, Z	1
Jafarian, S	1
Mirzad Jahromi, K	1
Arabsheybani, S	1
Moeini, YS	1
Alavi, J	1
Jalali, SS	1
Salimi, M	1
Shahriarirad, R	1
Malekhosseini, SA	1
Saeed, M	2
Saeed, A	1
Alam, MJ	1
Alreshidi, M	1
Boglione, L	1
Meli, G	1
Poletti, F	1
Rostagno, R	1
Moglia, R	1
Cantone, M	1
Esposito, M	1
Scianguetta, C	1
Domenicale, B	1
Di Pasquale, F	1
Borrè, S	1
Patel, RH	1
Pella, PM	1
Haider, N	1
Blanco, R	2
Shohan, M	1
Nashibi, R	1
Mahmoudian-Sani, MR	1
Abolnezhadian, F	1
Ghafourian, M	1
Alavi, SM	1
Sharhani, A	1
Khodadadi, A	1
Perlin, DS	1
Neil, GA	1
Anderson, C	1
Zafir-Lavie, I	1
Raines, S	1
Ware, CF	1
Wilkins, HJ	1
Raymonda, MH	1
Ciesla, JH	1
Monaghan, M	1
Leach, J	1
Asantewaa, G	1
Smorodintsev-Schiller, LA	1
Lutz, MM	1
Schafer, XL	1
Takimoto, T	1
Dewhurst, S	1
Munger, J	1
Harris, IS	1
Lundgren, JD	2
Grund, B	2
Barkauskas, CE	2
Holland, TL	2
Gottlieb, RL	4
Sandkovsky, U	3
Brown, SM	3
Knowlton, KU	2
Self, WH	2
Files, DC	2
Jain, MK	3
Benfield, T	3
Bowdish, ME	2
Leshnower, BG	2
Baker, JV	3
Jensen, JU	2
Gardner, EM	2
Ginde, AA	3
Harris, ES	2
Johansen, IS	3
Markowitz, N	2
Matthay, MA	2
Østergaard, L	3
Chang, CC	2
Goodman, AL	1
Chang, W	1
Dewar, RL	2
Gerry, NP	1
Higgs, ES	2
Highbarger, H	1
Murray, DD	2
Murray, TA	2
Natarajan, V	1
Paredes, R	4
Parmar, MKB	2
Phillips, AN	2
Reilly, C	2
Rupert, AW	1
Sharma, S	2
Shaw-Saliba, K	1
Sherman, BT	1
Teitelbaum, M	2
Wentworth, D	2
Cao, H	7
Klekotka, P	2
Babiker, AG	3
Davey, VJ	2
Gelijns, AC	2
Kan, VL	2
Polizzotto, MN	2
Thompson, BT	2
Lane, HC	3
Neaton, JD	3
Rubin, EJ	7
Baden, LR	7
Morrissey, S	7
Vaca, CE	1
Mera, J	1
Webb, BJ	1
Perez, G	1
Oguchi, G	1
Ryan, P	1
Nielsen, BU	1
Hidalgo, A	1
Sachdeva, Y	1
Mittal, S	1
Osiyemi, O	1
Skarbinski, J	1
Juneja, K	1
Hyland, RH	3
Osinusi, A	4
Chen, S	2
Camus, G	2
Abdelghany, M	1
Davies, S	1
Behenna-Renton, N	1
Duff, F	1
Marty, FM	3
Katz, MJ	1
Schiffer, JT	2
Hill, JA	1
Ayodele, O	1
Ren, K	1
Zhao, J	5
Signorovitch, J	1
Jonsson Funk, M	1
Zhu, J	1
Bao, Y	1
Gondek, K	1
Keenan, H	1
Rensen, E	1
Pietropaoli, S	1
Mueller, F	1
Weber, C	1
Souquere, S	1
Sommer, S	1
Isnard, P	1
Rabant, M	1
Gibier, JB	1
Terzi, F	1
Simon-Loriere, E	1
Rameix-Welti, MA	1
Pierron, G	1
Barba-Spaeth, G	1
Zimmer, C	1
Béraud, G	1
Timsit, JF	3
Leleu, H	1
Bechman, K	1
Yates, M	1
Mann, K	1
Nagra, D	1
Smith, LJ	1
Rutherford, AI	1
Periselneris, J	2
Walder, D	1
Dobson, RJB	1
Kraljevic, Z	1
Teo, JHT	1
Bernal, W	1
Barker, R	1
Galloway, JB	2
Norton, S	1
Biancofiore, A	1
Mirijello, A	1
Puteo, MA	1
Di Viesti, MP	1
Labonia, M	1
Copetti, M	1
De Cosmo, S	1
Lombardi, R	1
Ali, K	2
Azher, T	1
Baqi, M	1
Binnie, A	1
Borgia, S	1
Carrier, FM	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Multi-centre, Adaptive, Randomized Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Treatments of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults[NCT04315948]	Phase 3	1,552 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-22	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CERC-002 in Adults With COVID-19 Pneumonia and Acute Lung Injury[NCT04412057]	Phase 2	88 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-17	Completed
A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized, Blinded Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Investigational Therapeutics for Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 (Trial H2: VIR-7831 (GSK4182136))[NCT05780281]	Phase 3	367 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-16	Completed
A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized, Blinded Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Investigational Therapeutics for Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19[NCT04501978]	Phase 3	2,753 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-04	Completed
A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir (GS-5734™) Treatment of COVID-19 in an Outpatient Setting[NCT04501952]	Phase 3	584 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-18	Terminated (stopped due to The study was terminated due to study enrollment feasibility and changing needs of non-hospitalized participants. This decision is not based on efficacy or safety concerns.)
A Multi-centre, Adaptive, Randomized, Open-label, Controlled Clinical Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Investigational Therapeutics for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients (CATCO: Canadian Treatments for COVID-19), in Conjunction With th[NCT04330690]	Phase 3	2,900 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-18	Active, not recruiting
An International Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Anti-Coronavirus Hyperimmune Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Adult Hospitalized Patients at Onset of Clin[NCT04546581]	Phase 3	593 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-08	Completed
An aDaptive, multicEnter, rAndomized, Open-Label, Controlled Trial to Assess Effectiveness and Safety of Quinine Sulfate for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults[NCT05808231]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-26	Recruiting
Plasma From Covalescent Donors With Covid-19 for the Management of Patients With SARS-COV-2 Fase II and III, a Doble Center Randomized Doble Blind Trial[NCT04405310]	Phase 2	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-20	Completed
Phase II, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Plasma From Patients Cured of COVID-19 Compared to the Best Available Therapy in Subjects With SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia[NCT04358783]	Phase 2	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-27	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Sirolimus for Treating COVID-19 Infection[NCT04461340]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-15	Recruiting
Treatment of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia With Convalescent Plasma[NCT04432103]	Phase 3	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-08	Terminated (stopped due to There is new evidence that the Convalescent plasma is not useful for severe and critical COVID-19 Pneumonia)
Trial of Early Therapies During Non-hospitalized Outpatient Window (TREAT NOW) for COVID-19[NCT04372628]	Phase 2	452 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Completed
Azithromycin Added to Hydrochloroquine in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)- Randomised Controlled Trial[NCT04339816]	Phase 3	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-13	Terminated (stopped due to Steering Committee decision in accordance with stopping rule 1: Emergence of new data)
Effectiveness and Safety of Medical Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Colombia: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04359095]	Phase 2/Phase 3	650 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-18	Completed
Prophylaxis With Chloroquine in Health Personnel Exposed to Infection With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)[NCT04627467]	Phase 2	3,217 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-28	Completed
Low-dose Hydroxychloroquine and Bromhexine: a Novel Regimen for COVID-19 Prophylaxis in Healthcare Professionals (ELEVATE Trial)[NCT04340349]	Early Phase 1	214 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Enrolling by invitation
Antiviral Activity and Safety of Remdesivir in Bangladeshi Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): An Open Label, Multi-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04596839]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-04	Completed
Scheme of Primary Prevention of Infection by COVID-19, in Workers: Phase II Controlled Clinical Trial, to be Carried Out in Medellín-Antioquia[NCT04420260]		152 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-18	Completed
A Multi Center Randomized Open Label Trial on the Safety and Efficacy of Chloroquine for the Treatment of Hospitalized Adults With Laboratory Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Vietnam[NCT04328493]	Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-07	Completed
Multicenter, Retrospective Study of the Effects of Remdesivir in the Treatment of Severe Covid-19 Infections.[NCT04365725]		84 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-05-05	Completed
An Investigation of the Efficacy and Safety of Favipiravir in COVID-19 Patients With Mild Pneumonia - An Open-label Randomized Controlled Study -[NCT04600999]	Phase 3	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-07	Completed
PATCH 2 & 3: (Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 With Hydroxychloroquine) A Double-blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19[NCT04353037]	Phase 2	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-07	Terminated (stopped due to As enrollment began external studies called into question the safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment which resulted in controversy. The timing of the controversy significantly impacted our ability to enroll and retain participants.)
Describing Chinese Herbal Medicine Telehealth Care for Symptoms Related to Infectious Diseases Such as COVID-19: A Descriptive, Longitudinal, Pragmatic Cohort Study[NCT04380870]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-05-11	Recruiting
A Randomized Trial of Efficacy and Safety of an Early OUTpatient Treatment of COVID-19 in Patients With Risk Factor for Poor Outcome: a Strategy to Prevent Hospitalization[NCT04365582]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-07	Withdrawn (stopped due to The PI decided.)
Impact of Colchicine in Hospitalized Colombian Patients With COVID-19[NCT04539873]	Phase 3	128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-30	Terminated (stopped due to non-inclusion of patients in the study effectively)
Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Azithromycin for Virologic Cure of COVID-19[NCT04349592]		456 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-14	Completed
Efficacy and Safety Study of Nitazoxanide (NTX) in the Treatment of Patients With SARS-CoC-2 Virus Infection (COVID-19). A Pilot, Randomized, Simple Blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study[NCT04463264]	Phase 2/Phase 3	135 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-26	Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Treatment With Convalescent Plasma for Adults With COVID-19 Pneumonia. A Double-blinded, Randomized, Multicenter Placebo-controlled Trial[NCT04345289]	Phase 3	147 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-01	Terminated (stopped due to DSMB advise due to high probability of futility)
The Role of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine (BCG) in the Clinical Evolution of COVID-19 and in the Efficacy of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Vaccines[NCT05507671]	Phase 3	556 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-27	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Zinc in Combination With Either Azithromycin or Doxycycline for the Treatment of COVID-19 in the Outpatient Setting[NCT04370782]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-28	Completed
Study on Safety and Efficacy of Favipiravir (Favipira) for COVID-19 Patient in Selected Hospitals of Bangladesh[NCT04402203]	Phase 2/Phase 3	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-31	Recruiting
Prevention of COVID19 Infection by the Administration of Hydroxychloroquine to Institutionalized Older People and Nursing Home Staff. Controlled Clinical Trial, Randomized Triple Blind by Clusters (PREVICHARM Study)[NCT04400019]	Phase 2/Phase 3	1,930 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial on the Safety and Efficacy of Imatinib for Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19[NCT04394416]	Phase 3	204 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-02	Active, not recruiting
Clinical Outcome of Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia Treated With Corticosteroids and Colchicine in Colombia[NCT04654416]		301 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-03-20	Completed
Open-label Study to Assess the Safety of REMdesivir-HU as Eligible Novel therapY for Moderate and Severe Covid-19 Patients[NCT04610541]	Phase 3	2,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-10-12	Active, not recruiting
Pilot Study on Cytokine Filtration in COVID-19 ARDS (CytokCOVID19)[NCT04361526]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-04-17	Recruiting
MentalPlus® for Assessment and Rehabilitation of Cognitive Functions After Remission of Symptoms of COVID-19[NCT04632719]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-08	Recruiting
The KIDCOV Study: ASSESSMENT of SARS-CoV-2 Without HOSPITALIZATION as a RISK FACTOR for ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY[NCT04705766]		2,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2021-03-01	Recruiting
Effectiveness of the Use of Personal Protective Equipment in Addition to Tenofovir/Emtricitabine for the Prevention of the Transmission of SARS-COV-2 to Health Care Personnel. Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT04519125]	Phase 2/Phase 3	950 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-30	Not yet recruiting
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of TAF/FTC for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers (CoviPrep Study)[NCT04405271]	Phase 3	1,378 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-31	Not yet recruiting
Assessment of Netosis During COVID-19, Under Treatment With Anakinra, an Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist[NCT04594356]		120 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-11-19	Completed
Use of cSVF For Residual Lung Damage (COPD/Fibrotic Lung Disease After Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection For Residual Pulmonary Injury or Post-Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following Viral (SARS-Co-2) Infection[NCT04326036]	Early Phase 1	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-25	Enrolling by invitation
"Evaluation de l'efficacité et de la tolérance de Quinquina et d'un phytomédicament ACAR en Comparaison Avec l'Hydroxychloroquine Chez Des Adultes Malades de Covid-19 Sans symptômes"[NCT04501965]	Phase 2	231 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Enrolling by invitation
Clinical Trial Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Nitazoxanide Combination as Adjuvant Therapy in Covid-19 Newly Diagnosed Egyptian Patients: A Tanta University Hope[NCT04361318]	Phase 2/Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-31	Not yet recruiting
Rapid Development and Implementation of a Remote ECG-monitored Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial During a Pandemic: Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis in COVID-19 Household Contacts[NCT04652648]	Phase 4	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-27	Completed
Proflaxis for Healthcare Professionals Using Hydroxychloroquine Plus Vitamin Combining Vitamins C, D and Zinc During COVID-19 Pandemia: An Observational Study[NCT04326725]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-03-20	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Phase 2/3 Trial of Hydroxychloroquine In Covid-19 Kinetics[NCT04353271]	Phase 2/Phase 3	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-17	Terminated (stopped due to FDA recommendations to not use outside of the hospital setting or in a clinical trial due to the risk of cardiac arrhythmias)
Évaluationefficacité et tolérance d'Une médication à Base de Cosphérunate et d'un phytomédicament Antiviral Par Voie Orale en Comparaison Avec un Traitement à Base d'Hydroxychloroquine Chez Des Adultes Malades Covid-19 Sans Complications[NCT04502342]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Enrolling by invitation
Computed Tomography for Coronavirus Disease 19 Diagnosis[NCT04355507]		10,735 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-03-01	Completed
Treatment of Covid-19 With Favipiravir Versus Hydroxychloroquine: a Randomized Comparator Trial[NCT04387760]	Phase 2	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-11	Completed
Use of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19 Patients With Hypoxia: a Prospective Randomized Trial[NCT04356534]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-19	Completed
Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and Physical Performance in Individuals After COVID-19 Induced Hospitalisation and the Impact of a Standard Care Follow-up Program: a Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study[NCT04375709]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-03-15	Recruiting
Viral Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit Undergoing Dental Procedures[NCT05311410]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-20	Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Normoxic Allogenic Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Administered as Adjuntive Treatment to Standard Treatment in Severe Patients With COVID-19[NCT05132972]	Phase 2/Phase 3	42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-17	Recruiting
Efficacy of Intravenous Infusions of Stem Cells in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients[NCT04437823]	Phase 2	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Completed
Utility of Low Doses of Corticosteroids and Cyclosporine Combined With Enoxaparin, in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia at the ISSSTE Regional Hospital, Puebla, During the Contingency Period Due to the SARS-Cov2 Pandemic[NCT04540926]	Phase 1/Phase 2	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Prophylactic Corticosteroid to Prevent COVID-19 Cytokine Storm[NCT04355247]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-04-14	Recruiting
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 187 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19[NCT04454372]		187 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-07-15	Completed
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab Versus Methylprednisolone in the Cytokine Release Syndrome of Patients With COVID-19. A Prospective Randomized Controlled Phase II Trial[NCT04377503]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-01	Terminated (stopped due to The number of critically ill patients wirh COVID-19 decrease abruptly)
Decitabine for COVID-19 Pneumonia-ARDS Treatment: DART Trial[NCT04482621]	Phase 2	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-14	Active, not recruiting
The Use of Brazilian Green Propolis Extract (EPP-AF) in Patients Affected by COVID-19: a Randomized, Open and Pilot Clinical Study.[NCT04480593]	Phase 2/Phase 3	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-02	Completed
Efficacy of Ivermectin in COVID-19 : A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04392713]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-04-15	Recruiting
Ivermectin Will be Used as an Outpatient Treatment Option for COVID-19 Patients.[NCT05045937]		1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2022-05-01	Recruiting
Ivermectin to Prevent Hospitalizations in COVID-19: Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled[NCT04529525]	Phase 2/Phase 3	501 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-19	Completed
Sub-cutaneous Ivermectin in Combination With and Without Oral Zinc: a Placebo Randomized Control Trial on Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients[NCT04472585]	Phase 1/Phase 2	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-14	Recruiting
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Therapeutic Safety of Ivermectin Versus Placebo Associated With Standard of Care Treatment in the Early Phase of Coronavirus Infection (COVID19).[NCT04836299]	Phase 2	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-08	Not yet recruiting
The Effectiveness and Safety of Ivermectin as add-on Therapy in Severe COVID-19 Management[NCT04646109]	Phase 3	66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-11	Completed
Convalescent Plasma in the Early Treatment of High-Risk Patients With SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection[NCT04513158]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-14	Recruiting
Evaluation of Awake Prone Positioning Effectiveness in Moderate to Severe COVID-19[NCT05083130]		93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-03-08	Completed
Safety and Immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplantation (Lung and / or Liver) Adult Recipients[NCT05116748]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-10-01	Active, not recruiting
Is Remdesivir a Possible Therapeutic Option for SARS-CoV-2 : An Interventional Study[NCT04560231]	Early Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Recruiting
The Use of Oxygen Hoods in Patients Failing on Conventional High-flow Oxygen Delivery Systems, the Effects on Oxygenation, Mechanical Ventilation and Mortality Rates in Hypoxic Patients With COVID-19. A Prospective Controlled Cohort Study.[NCT04407260]		136 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-03-06	Completed
Nation-wide Cross-sectional Survey on Current Pharmacological Practices in Severe COVID-19[NCT04691921]		1,055 participants (Actual)	Observational	2021-01-04	Completed
Inhaled Interferon α2b Treatment in Mild-to-moderate COVID-19 Infected Children[NCT05381363]	Phase 1/Phase 2	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-01	Terminated (stopped due to The study was concluded as planned upon reaching its predetermined endpoint, which included the completion of data collection and achievement of the necessary sample size for statistical significance.)
A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Tafenoquine Versus Placebo in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Disease[NCT04533347]	Phase 2	86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-19	Completed
A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir in Hospitalized Adult Patients With Severe COVID-19.[NCT04257656]	Phase 3	237 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-06	Terminated (stopped due to The epidemic of COVID-19 has been controlled well in China, no eligible patients can be enrolled at present.)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Famotidine vs Placebo for the Treatment of Non-Hospitalized Symptomatic Adults With COVID-19[NCT04724720]	Phase 2	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-19	Active, not recruiting
A Multi-site, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Standard of Care (SOC) Plus Famotidine vs SOC Plus Placebo for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults[NCT04370262]	Phase 3	233 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-07	Completed
The Efficacy of Baricitinib Plus Remdesivir Compared to Dexamethasone Plus Remdesivir in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes Mellitus[NCT04970719]	Phase 3	382 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-10	Recruiting
An Open-label Randomised Controlled Trial on IFN Beta-1b and Ribavirin Combination, as Treatment for Covid-19 Infection[NCT04494399]	Phase 2	96 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-29	Recruiting
Determination of SARS-CoV2 Antibody Prevalence in Pediatric Patients[NCT04581148]		7,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-10-01	Recruiting
An Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial on Interferon β-1b and Remdesivir Combination Versus Remdesivir as Treatment for COVID-19 Infection[NCT04647695]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-20	Recruiting
The Safety and Efficacy Outcome of Ivermectin Plus Doxycycline in Treatment of RT-PCR Positive Adult Mild Covid-19 Cases: a Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT04551755]	Phase 2	188 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Investigational Therapeutics for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults[NCT04280705]	Phase 3	1,062 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-21	Completed
Role of Investigational Therapies Alone or in Combination to Treat Moderate, Severe and Critical COVID-19[NCT04492501]		600 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-01	Completed
A Pilot Clinical Evaluation of Astepro® Nasal Spray for Management of Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection[NCT06008860]	Phase 4	280 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-01	Recruiting
Amantadine for COVID-19: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double-blinded, Clinical Trial[NCT04894617]	Phase 3	226 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Recruiting
Phase I, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind, Study to Evaluate the Safety and Antiviral Efficacy of Three Different Single Doses of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Equine Antibody F(ab')2 Fragments (INOSARS) in Adult Patients With Mild COVID-19[NCT04514302]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-12-07	Completed
An Open-label Randomised Controlled Trial on Dual Therapy With Interferon Beta-1b and Clofazimine Combination, as Treatment for COVID-19 Infection[NCT04465695]	Phase 2	81 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-14	Recruiting
Intraoperative Lung Mechanics, Postoperative Complications, and Functional Evaluation in Post COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery[NCT05851807]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2022-05-12	Recruiting
A Phase 3 Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir (GS-5734™) in Participants With Severe COVID-19[NCT04292899]	Phase 3	4,891 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-06	Completed
First-in-Human Evaluation of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered GS-441524 in a Healthy Human Volunteer[NCT04859244]	Phase 1	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-01	Completed
"Conducting Clinical Trials of the Medicine Rutan Tablets 0.1g No. 10 in the Complex Therapy of the Viral Disease COVID-19"[NCT05859919]	Phase 2	57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-12	Completed
Remdesivir Versus Remdesivir- Ivermectin Combination Therapy in Severe and Critically Ill Covid-19[NCT04944082]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-01	Not yet recruiting
Safety and Effectiveness Observational Study of Anti IL-6 Tocilizumab in Hospital Admitted Patients With Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia.[NCT04924829]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-06-01	Recruiting
A Phase 3 Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir (GS-5734™) in Participants With Moderate COVID-19 Compared to Standard of Care Treatment[NCT04292730]	Phase 3	1,113 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-15	Completed
School Studies Within the EuCARE Horizon Europe Research Project (EUCARE-SCHOOLS Study)[NCT05396040]		8,800 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-10	Recruiting
Low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Changes in Pulmonary Function Parameters in Confirmed Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Infection[NCT05445531]		111 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-08	Recruiting
Low-fielD magnEtiC Resonance Imaging of pulmonarY Parenchyma Changes Associated wiTh Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents[NCT04990531]		68 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-09	Recruiting
Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children With Cancer and Impaired Immune Responsiveness[NCT05172063]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-01-31	Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Investigational Therapeutics for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults (ACTT-2)[NCT04401579]	Phase 3	1,033 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-08	Completed
A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized, Blinded Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Investigational Therapeutics for Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 (Trial H1: LY3819253 (LY-CoV555))[NCT05780268]	Phase 3	314 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-05	Completed
Awake Prone Position in Hypoxemic Patients With Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVI-PRONE): A Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT04350723]		400 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-10	Completed
PAxlovid loNg cOvid-19 pRevention triAl With recruitMent In the Community in Norway[NCT05852873]	Phase 3	2,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-12	Recruiting
The (Norwegian) NOR Solidarity Multicenter Trial on the Efficacy of Different Anti-viral Drugs in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients[NCT04321616]	Phase 2/Phase 3	700 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-28	Recruiting
A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir in Hospitalized Adult Patients With Mild and Moderate COVID-19.[NCT04252664]	Phase 3	308 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-02-12	Suspended (stopped due to The epidemic of COVID-19 has been controlled well at present, no eligible patients can be recruitted.)
"WHO Public Health Emergency Solidarity Clinical Trial for COVID-19 Treatments"[NCT04647669]	Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Not yet recruiting
Phase II Study to Evaluate Immunogenicity and Safety in Subjects With Evidence of Prior Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 of a Single Intramuscular or Intranasal Dose of the Live Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Based AVX/COVID-12 Vaccine[NCT05205746]	Phase 2	158 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-11-23	Completed
Phase II/III Parallel, Double-blind, Non-inferiority Study With Active Control, to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of a Booster Immunization Scheme With a Single Intramuscular Dose of the Recombinant Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2[NCT05710783]	Phase 2/Phase 3	4,065 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-11-09	Completed
Non-ventilated Prone Positioning in the COVID-19 Population[NCT05957588]		216 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-01	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"Respiratory failure defined based on resource utilization requiring at least one of the following:~Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation~Oxygen delivered by high-flow nasal cannula (heated, humidified oxygen delivered via reinforced nasal cannula at flow rates >20L/min with fraction of delivered oxygen ≥0.5)~Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,~Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation" (NCT04412057)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 28

Number of Subjects Who Are Alive at Day 28

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
CERC-002	26
Placebo	20

1-month mortality defined as the number of subjects who are alive at the Day 28/ET visit (NCT04412057)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 28

Number of Participants Who Died From All Causes

Number of Participants With a Safety Outcome Through Day 28

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
CERC-002	36
Placebo	36

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
VIR-7831 Plus SOC	14
Placebo Plus SOC	13

Death, SAE, clinical organ failure, serious infections, or Grade 3 or 4 event through Day 28 (NCT05780281)
Timeframe: Through Day 28

Number of Participants With a Safety Outcome Through Day 5

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
VIR-7831 Plus SOC	51
Placebo Plus SOC	58

Death, SAE, clinical organ failure, serious infections, or Grade 3 or 4 event through Day 5 (NCT05780281)
Timeframe: Through Day 5

Number of Participants With a Safety Outcome Through Day 90

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
VIR-7831 Plus SOC	36
Placebo Plus SOC	44

Death, SAE, clinical organ failure, serious infections through Day 90 (NCT05780281)
Timeframe: Through Day 90

Number of Participants With Sustained Recovery

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
VIR-7831 Plus SOC	42
Placebo Plus SOC	48

Sustained recovery defined as being discharged from the index hospitalization, followed by being alive and home for 14 consecutive days prior to Day 90. (NCT05780281)
Timeframe: Through Day 90

Percentage of Participants Who Died by Day 28

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
VIR-7831 Plus SOC	160
Placebo Plus SOC	151

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Remdesivir	0
Placebo	0

TEAEs were defined as any AEs with an onset date on or after the study drug start date and no later than 30 days after permanent discontinuation of study drug and/or any AEs leading to premature discontinuation of study drug. (NCT04501952)
Timeframe: First dose date up to last dose date (maximum: 3 days) plus 30 days

Percentage of Participants Who Required Oxygen Supplementation by Day 28

Percentage of Participants With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Hospitalization (Defined as at Least 24 Hours of Acute Care) or All-Cause Death by Day 28

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Remdesivir	42.3
Placebo	46.3

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Remdesivir	0.4
Placebo	1.8

The composite outcome of COVID-19 related hospitalization (defined as at least 24 hours of acute care) or all-cause death by Day 28 was derived by combining the available all-cause death and COVID-19 related hospitalization reported by the site. The first COVID-19 related hospitalization was used for the percentage of COVID-19 related hospitalization or all-cause death. The percentage of the composite outcome was from the Kaplan-Meier estimate. (NCT04501952)
Timeframe: Randomization up to Day 28

Percentage of Participants With COVID-19 Related Hospitalization at Day 28

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Remdesivir	0.7
Placebo	5.4

COVID-19 related hospitalization is defined as at least 24 hours of acute care derived by COVID-19 related hospitalization reported by the site. The percentage of the outcome and the corresponding 95% confidence interval were from Kaplan-Meier estimate. (NCT04501952)
Timeframe: Randomization up to Day 28

Percentage of Participants With COVID-19 Related Hospitalization or All-Cause Death by Day 14

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Remdesivir	0.7
Placebo	5.4

The composite outcome of COVID-19 related hospitalization (defined as at least 24 hours of acute care) or all-cause death by Day 14 was derived by combining the available all-cause death and COVID-19 related hospitalization reported by the site. The first COVID-19 related hospitalization was used for the percentage of COVID-19 related hospitalization or all-cause death. The percentage of the composite outcome was from the Kaplan-Meier estimate. (NCT04501952)
Timeframe: Randomization up to Day 14

Percentage of Participants With COVID-19 Related MAVs or All-Cause Death by Day 14

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Remdesivir	0.7
Placebo	5.4

The composite outcome of COVID-19 related MAVs or all-cause death by Day 14 was derived by combining the available all-cause death and COVID-19 related MAVs reported by the site. The percentage of the composite outcome was from the Kaplan-Meier estimate. (NCT04501952)
Timeframe: Randomization up to Day 14

Percentage of Participants With COVID-19 Related Medical Visits Attended in Person by the Participant and a Health Care Professional (MAVs) or All-Cause Death by Day 28

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Remdesivir	0.8
Placebo	8.0

The composite outcome of COVID-19 related MAVs or all-cause death by Day 28 was derived by combining the available all-cause death and COVID-19 related MAVs reported by the site. The percentage of the composite outcome was from the Kaplan-Meier estimate. (NCT04501952)
Timeframe: Randomization up to Day 28

Percentage of Participants With Worsening After Alleviation of Baseline COVID-19 Symptoms as Reported on the COVID-19-adapted FLU-PRO Plus Questionnaire

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Remdesivir	1.7
Placebo	8.5

The worsening after alleviation of baseline COVID-19 symptoms is defined as for a participant who has achieved alleviation of baseline COVID-19 symptoms, if symptom scored as 2 or higher at baseline is scored as 2 or higher postbaseline after achieved alleviation, or symptoms scored as 1 at baseline are scored as 1 or higher postbaseline after achieved alleviation. The COVID-19-adapted FLU-PRO Plus was used. It is a questionnaire that assesses the severity of symptoms in participants with COVID-19 across six body systems: nose, throat, eyes, chest/respiratory, gastrointestinal, and body/systemic. Each domain scores range from 0 (symptom free) to 4 (very severe symptoms). A higher score indicates increased symptom severity. Alleviation is defined as symptom scores of 0 (absent) or 1 (mild). (NCT04501952)
Timeframe: First dose date up to Day 28

Time to Alleviation (Mild or Absent) of Baseline COVID-19 Symptoms as Reported on the COVID-19-adapted Influenza Patient-Reported Outcome Plus Questionnaire (FLU-PRO Plus)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Remdesivir	30.4
Placebo	13.3

The COVID-19-adapted FLU-PRO Plus is a questionnaire that assesses the severity of symptoms in participants with COVID-19 across six body systems: nose, throat, eyes, chest/respiratory, gastrointestinal, and body/systemic. Each domain scores range from 0 (symptom free) to 4 (very severe symptoms). A higher score indicates increased symptom severity. Alleviation is defined as symptom scores of 0 (absent) or 1 (mild). Time to alleviation of baseline COVID-19 symptoms is defined (in days) as: First Date of the two consecutive dates achieving alleviation - First dose Date + 1. If a participant had not achieved symptom alleviation at last FLU-PRO Plus assessment or early discontinuation of study, the participant was censored at last FLU-PRO Plus assessment date. (NCT04501952)
Timeframe: First Dose Date up to Day 14

Time-Weighted Average Change in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Viral Load From Baseline to Day 7

Intervention	days (Median)
Remdesivir	NA
Placebo	NA

The time-weighted average change from baseline to study Day 7 (DAVG7) in SARS-CoV-2 viral load is defined as the time-weighted average between the first postbaseline value through the last available value up to Day 7 minus the baseline value in SARS-CoV-2 viral load (log10 copies/mL). DAVG7 is calculated using the trapezoidal rule and the area under the curve (AUC). For participants with data through days prior to Day 7, the time-weighted average change used data up to last available timepoint. If there was no postbaseline data, the participant was excluded from the analysis. (NCT04501952)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 7

N Discharged or in Most Favorable Category

Intervention	log10 copies/ mililiter (mL) (Mean)
Remdesivir	-1.24
Placebo	-1.14

N discharged from hospital or reaching most favorable ordinal category (category 1: not requiring oxygen and no limiting symptoms due to COVID-19) (NCT04546581)
Timeframe: All of follow-up (through Day 28)

N Reaching 2 Most Favorable Categories

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Intervention Group	268
Control Group	252

N Reaching 2 most favorable categories of ordinal outcome (Categories 1 and 2: not requiring oxygen with or without limiting symptoms due to COVID-19) (NCT04546581)
Timeframe: All of follow-up (through Day 28)

N Reaching 3 Least Favorable Categories

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Intervention Group	178
Control Group	160

N Reaching 3 least favorable categories of ordinal outcome (Categories 5, 6, 7: life-threatening end organ dysfunction, end organ failure, or death) (NCT04546581)
Timeframe: All of follow-up (through Day 28)

Primary Safety Outcome - Death, SAE or Grade 3 or 4 Events Through Day 7

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Intervention Group	45
Control Group	48

Number of participants with death, SAE or Grade 3 or 4 event through Day 7 (NCT04546581)
Timeframe: Through Day 7

Ordinal Outcome Scale - Day 7

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Intervention Group	71
Control Group	70

"The primary objective is to compare the clinical status of patients in each group on day 7 of follow-up using the primary ordinal outcome with 7 mutually exclusive categories:~7. Death 6. End-organ failure 5. Life-threatening end-organ dysfunction 4. Serious end-organ dysfunction 3. Moderate end-organ dysfunction 2. Limiting symptoms due to COVID-19~1. No limiting symptoms due to COVID-19~Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each of 7 categories. Primary ordinal outcome based on the patient's clinical status on Day 7. It includes 7 mutually exclusive categories capturing the range of organ dysfunction that may be associated with progression of COVID-19, such as respiratory dysfunction and coagulation-related complications.~Minimum value = 1, Maximum value = 7 Higher scores mean a worse outcome" (NCT04546581)
Timeframe: 7 days

Fever-free Days: Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Category 7 - Died	Category 6 - End organ failure	Category 5 - Life threatening end organ dysfunction	Category 4 - Serious end organ dysfunction	Category 3 - Moderate end organ dysfunction	Category 2 - Limiting symptoms due to COVID-19	Category 1 - No limiting symptoms due to COVID-19	Missing
Control Group	5	13	26	30	28	61	116	5
Intervention Group	5	9	26	25	32	67	129	2

Number of days without fever from Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group) (NCT04372628)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 29

Hospital-free Days: Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group)

Intervention	days (Median)
Group 2 - Lopinavir/Ritonavir	16
Placebo Control Group	17

Number of days outside the hospital from Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group) (NCT04372628)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 29

ICU-free Days: Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group)

Intervention	days (Median)
Group 2 - Lopinavir/Ritonavir	17
Placebo Control Group	17

Number of days outside the ICU from Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group) (NCT04372628)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 29

Oxygen-free Days: Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group)

Intervention	days (Median)
Group 2 - Lopinavir/Ritonavir	17
Placebo Control Group	17

Number of Days without oxygen Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group) (NCT04372628)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 29

Time to Hospitalization Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group)

Intervention	days (Median)
Group 2 - Lopinavir/Ritonavir	17
Placebo Control Group	17

Number of days from enrollment to hospitalization (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group) (NCT04372628)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 29

Time to Symptom Resolution: Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group)

Intervention	days (Median)
Group 2 - Lopinavir/Ritonavir	6
Placebo Control Group	7

Number of days from enrollment to resolution of COVID-19 symptoms (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group) (NCT04372628)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 29

Vasopressor-free Days Through Study Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group)

Intervention	days (Median)
Group 2 - Lopinavir/Ritonavir	11
Placebo Control Group	11

Number of vasopressor-free days through Study Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group) (NCT04372628)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 29

Ventilator-free Days: Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group)

Intervention	days (Median)
Group 2 - Lopinavir/Ritonavir	17
Placebo Control Group	17

Number of days without ventilator use from Day 1 to Day 29 (Group 2 and Placebo Control Group) (NCT04372628)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 29

Sub Study 1 - Rate of Negative Tests at End of Treatment for COVID-19 Positive PCR Patients in Self-quarantine

Intervention	days (Median)
Group 2 - Lopinavir/Ritonavir	17
Placebo Control Group	17

Rate of negative tests at end of treatment for COVID-19 positive PCR patients in self-quarantine (NCT04353037)
Timeframe: 1-3 days after completion of 14 day treatment

Sub Study 1 - Rate of Negative Tests at End of Treatment for COVID-19 Positive PCR Patients in Self-quarantine

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sub Study 1 Group 1 (HCQ)	4
Sub Study 1 Group 2 (Placebo)	0

Rate of negative tests at end of treatment for COVID-19 positive PCR patients in self-quarantine (NCT04353037)
Timeframe: 15-17 days after completion of 14 day treatment

Sub Study 1 - Secondary Infection of Co-inhabitants of COVID-19 Positive PCR Patients in Self-quarantine

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sub Study 1 Group 1 (HCQ)	6
Sub Study 1 Group 2 (Placebo)	0

Co-inhabitants of COVID-19 positive PCR patients in self-quarantine that test positive up to 31 days after patient begins treatment with HCQ or Placebo (NCT04353037)
Timeframe: Until completion of study, 29 to 31 days after beginning treatment.

Sub Study 2:Health Care Workers:Rate of Hospitalization

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sub Study 1 Group 1 (HCQ)	0
Sub Study 1 Group 2 (Placebo)	0

if the participant gets COVID and has severe symptoms and hospitalized, end point reached if before the end of the 2 month period (NCT04353037)
Timeframe: Until completion of study, 2 months after start of treatment.

Sub Study 2:Number of Health Care Workers Testing Positive at 2 Months

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sub Study 2 Group 1 (HCQ)	0
Sub Study 2 Group 2 (Placebo)	0

Rate of COVID-19 infection (confirmed by accepted testing methods) at 2 months (NCT04353037)
Timeframe: Until completion of study, 2 months after start of treatment.

Substudy 1 - Number of COVID-19+ PCR Patients in Self-quarantine Who Are Hospitalized

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sub Study 2 Group 1 (HCQ)	0
Sub Study 2 Group 2 (Placebo)	0

Number of COVID-19+ PCR patients in self-quarantine who are hospitalized up to 31 days after beginning HCQ or Placebo (NCT04353037)
Timeframe: Until completion of study, 29 to 31 days after beginning treatment.

Sub Study 2:Health Care Workers: Assessment of Any Medical Events That Occur During the ~60 Day Active Period

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sub Study 1 Group 1 (HCQ)	0
Sub Study 1 Group 2 (Placebo)	0

Assessment of any medical events that occur during the ~60 day active period that is felt to be related to receipt of HCQ (NCT04353037)
Timeframe: Until completion of study, 2 months (~60 days) after start of treatment.

Number of Participants Who Are Hospitalized for Covid 19 Infection

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	moderate adverse events	minor adverse events
Sub Study 2 Group 1 (HCQ)	2	1
Sub Study 2 Group 2 (Placebo)	0	0

Number of subjects in each arm who are hospitalized for Covid 19 infection (NCT04353271)
Timeframe: 14 days

Number of Participants Who Are Virus Free

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Treatment	0
Control	0

Nasopharyngeal swab PCR measurement of viral load expressed as the % of negative PCR swabs (NCT04353271)
Timeframe: 7 days after initiation of trial

Number of Participants Who Die Secondary to Covid 19 Infection

Intervention	participants (Number)
Treatment	0
Control	0

Number of subjects in each arm who die secondary to Covid-19 infection (NCT04353271)
Timeframe: 70 Days (10 weeks)

Number of Participants Who Discontinue or Withdraw Medication Use for Any Reason

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Treatment	0
Control	0

Number of subjects in each arm who discontinue or withdraw medication use for any reason (NCT04353271)
Timeframe: 14 days

Number of Participants Who Have Confirmed Covid 19 Infection

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Treatment	0
Control	1

Number of subjects in each arm who have confirmed Covid-19 infection (NCT04353271)
Timeframe: 14 days

Age Distribution of the Patients

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Treatment	1
Control	2

The age of the patients (years) in both groups were recorded at the time of inclusion. (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: At the first day of the study

Body Temperature Means of the Patients

Intervention	Years (Mean)
Control Group	66.23
Study Group	58.17

At the beginning of the study, the body temperatures (as degree celcius) of the patients were measured and the mean body temperature values of both groups were recorded. (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: At the first day of the study

Heart Rate Means of the Patients

Intervention	Degree celcius (Mean)
Control Group	36.8
Study Group	36.9

At the beginning of the study, the heart rates (as per minute) of the patients were measured and the mean heart rate values of both groups were recorded. (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: At the first day of the study

Mortality

Intervention	beats per minute (Mean)
Control Group	92
Study Group	88

The number of died patients were evaluated in study and control groups (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: Through study completion, an average of 3 months

Number of Participants With Clinical Response

"The presence of at least two of the following criteria in patients at the end of 5th day were accepted as clinical response: Extubation in mechanically ventilated patients, respiratory rate <26/min, SpO2 level in room air >90%, PaO2/FiO2 >300 in patients receiving oxygen, presence of at least two of the 2-point reduction criteria in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score." (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From starting to the end of ivermectin therapy (0 to the end of 5th day)

Number of Participants With Clinical Response

"The presence of at least two of the following criteria in patients on the 10th day were accepted as clinical response: Respiration rate between 22-24/min, SpO2 level in room air >95%, absence of oxygen requirement, observation of radiological improvement in control lung tomography and no need for intensive care." (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: 10 days (5 days ivermectin therapy plus 5 days follow-up)

Rate of COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Test Negativity

At the end of the follow-up period (10th day), patients in the study and control group were investigated by PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and the negative results were recorded as percentage for both groups. (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: At the end of 10th day

Respiratory Rate Means of the Patients

At the beginning of the study, the respiratory rates (as per minute) of the patients were measured and the mean respiratory rate values of both groups were recorded. (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: At the first day of the study

Treatment-Related Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE v4.0

"Adverse effects of ivermectin and drugs other than ivermectin (Hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, azithromycin) were evaluated in the patients in the study group and and the number of participants were noted.~Adverse effects of drugs other than ivermectin (Hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, azithromycin) were evaluated in the patients in the control group and and the number of participants were noted." (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From the 6th day of study to the 10th day of study

Changes in Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) Values

Baseline SpO2 values of the patients were recorded in both groups. Then, their treatments were started and SpO2 values at the end of the 1st (TD1), 3rd (TD3) and 5th days (TD5) were also recorded. The end of the 5th day was accepted as the primary endpoint. While the change in SpO2 values on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days after the basal value calculated graphically, the change in the SpO2 value at the end of the 5th day (primary endpoint) with the baseline value was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From starting to the end of ivermectin therapy (0 to the end of 5th day)

Changes in Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) Values

In both groups, after the treatment period was completed (first 5 days, primary endpoint), patients were followed up for 5 more days (follow-up period). SpO2 values at the end of 6th (FD1), 8th (FD3) and 10th day (FD5) were also recorded. The end of the 10th day was accepted as the secondary endpoint. While the change in SpO2 values on the 6th, 8th and 10th days was calculated graphically, the change in the SpO2 value at the end of the 10th day (secondary endpoint) with the baseline value was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From 6th to the end of 10th day

Changes in Serum D-dimer Levels

Baseline serum D-dimer levels (mg/L) of the patients were recorded in both groups. Then, their treatments were started and serum D-dimer levels at the end of the 1st (TD1), 3rd (TD3) and 5th days (TD5) were also recorded. The end of the 5th day was accepted as the primary endpoint. While the change in serum D-dimer levels on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days after the basal level was calculated graphically, the change in the serum D-dimer level at the end of the 5th day (primary endpoint) with the baseline level was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From starting to the end of ivermectin therapy (0 to the end of 5th day)

Changes in Serum D-dimer Levels

In both groups, after the treatment period was completed (first 5 days, primary endpoint), patients were followed up for 5 more days (follow-up period). Serum D-dimer levels (mg/L) at the end of 6th (FD1), 8th (FD3) and 10th day (FD5) were also recorded. The end of the 10th day was accepted as the secondary endpoint. While the change in Serum D-dimer levels on the 6th, 8th and 10th days was calculated graphically, the change in the serum D-dimer level at the end of the 10th day (secondary endpoint) with the baseline value was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From 6th to the end of 10th day

Changes in Serum Ferritin Levels

Baseline serum ferritin levels (mg/dL) of the patients were recorded in both groups. Then, their treatments were started and serum ferritin levels at the end of the 1st (TD1), 3rd (TD3) and 5th days (TD5) were also recorded. The end of the 5th day was accepted as the primary endpoint. While the change in serum ferritin levels on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days after the basal level was calculated graphically, the change in the serum ferritin level at the end of the 5th day (primary endpoint) with the baseline level was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From starting to the end of ivermectin therapy (0 to the end of 5th day)

Changes in Serum Ferritin Levels

In both groups, after the treatment period was completed (first 5 days, primary endpoint), patients were followed up for 5 more days (follow-up period). Serum ferritin levels (mg/dL) at the end of 6th (FD1), 8th (FD3) and 10th day (FD5) were also recorded. The end of the 10th day was accepted as the secondary endpoint. While the change in serum ferritin levels on the 6th, 8th and 10th days was calculated graphically, the change in the serum ferritin level at the end of the 10th day (secondary endpoint) with the baseline value was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From 6th to the end of 10th day

Changes in Serum Lymphocyte Counts

Baseline Serum Lymphocyte counts (cell/mm^3) of the patients were recorded in both groups. Then, their treatments were started and Serum Lymphocyte counts at the end of the 1st (TD1), 3rd (TD3) and 5th days (TD5) were also recorded. The end of the 5th day was accepted as the primary endpoint. While the change in Serum Lymphocyte counts on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days after the basal level was calculated graphically, the change in the Serum Lymphocyte count at the end of the 5th day (primary endpoint) with the baseline count was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From starting to the end of ivermectin therapy (0 to the end of 5th day)

Changes in Serum Lymphocyte Counts

In both groups, after the treatment period was completed (first 5 days, primary endpoint), patients were followed up for 5 more days (follow-up period). Serum lymphocyte counts (cell/mm^3) at the end of 6th (FD1), 8th (FD3) and 10th day (FD5) were also recorded. The end of the 10th day was accepted as the secondary endpoint. While the change in serum lymphocyte counts on the 6th, 8th and 10th days was calculated graphically, the change in the serum lymphocyte count at the end of the 10th day (secondary endpoint) with the baseline value was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From 6th to the end of 10th day

Changes in the Ratio of Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2) to Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2) (PaO2/FiO2)

Baseline PaO2/FiO2 ratios of the patients were recorded in both groups. Then, their treatments were started and PaO2/FiO2 ratios at the end of the 1st (TD1), 3rd (TD3) and 5th days (TD5) were also recorded. The end of the 5th day was accepted as the primary endpoint. While the change in PaO2/FiO2 ratios on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days after the basal ratio was calculated graphically, the change in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio at the end of the 5th day (primary endpoint) with the baseline value was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From starting to the end of ivermectin therapy (0 to the end of 5th day)

Changes in the Ratio of Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2) to Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2) (PaO2/FiO2)

In both groups, after the treatment period was completed (first 5 days, primary endpoint), patients were followed up for 5 more days (follow-up period). PaO2/FiO2 ratios at the end of 6th (FD1), 8th (FD3) and 10th day (FD5) were also recorded. The end of the 10th day was accepted as the secondary endpoint. While the change in PaO2/FiO2 ratios on the 6th, 8th and 10th days was calculated graphically, the change in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio at the end of the 10th day (secondary endpoint) with the baseline ratio was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From 6th to the end of 10th day

Changes in the Ratio of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Count to Lymphocyte Count (PNL/L)

Baseline PNL/L ratio of the patients were recorded in both groups. Then, their treatments were started and PNL/L ratios at the end of the 1st (TD1), 3rd (TD3) and 5th days (TD5) were also recorded. The end of the 5th day was accepted as the primary endpoint. While the change in PNL/L ratios on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days after the basal level was calculated graphically, the change in the PNL/L ratio at the end of the 5th day (primary endpoint) with the baseline ratio was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From starting to the end of ivermectin therapy (0 to the end of 5th day)

Changes in the Ratio of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Count to Lymphocyte Count (PNL/L)

In both groups, after the treatment period was completed (first 5 days, primary endpoint), patients were followed up for 5 more days (follow-up period). PNL/L ratios at the end of 6th (FD1), 8th (FD3) and 10th day (FD5) were also recorded. The end of the 10th day was accepted as the secondary endpoint. While the change in PNL/L ratios on the 6th, 8th and 10th days was calculated graphically, the change in the PNL/L ratio at the end of the 10th day (secondary endpoint) with the baseline value was compared statistically (the results were given as p value). (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: From 6th to the end of 10th day

Gender Distribution of the Patients

The gender of patients (Male/female) in both groups were recorded at the time of inclusion. (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: At the first day of the study

Genetic Examination of Haplotypes and Mutations That Cause Function Losing for Ivermectin Metabolism

A blood sample was taken from the patients included in the study group, after taking or during the first dose of ivermectin. From the blood samples, haplotypes and mutations that cause the function losing were investigated by performing sequence analysis of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1)/ABCB1 and CYP3A4 genes with Sanger method. In case of detection of mutation, the patient were excluded from the study and if observed, side effects of ivermectin were noted. (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: At the first day of ivermectin therapy (1st day)

Percentage of Patients With Accompanying Diseases

"At the beginning of the study, the patients were asked whether there were any of the following accompanying diseases and the percentage of patients with accompanying disease in both groups were recorded:~Diabetes mellitus~Hypertension~Coronary artery disease~Cardiac failure~Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease~Malignancy~Immunodeficiency" (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: At the first day of the study

Percentage of Patients With Baseline Clinical Symptoms

"At the beginning of the study, the patients were asked whether there were any of the following clinical symptoms and the percentage of patients with any of the clinical symptoms in both groups were recorded:~Fever~Cough~Sore throat~Dispnea~Headache~Weakness~Myalgia~Diarrhea~Nausea or vomiting" (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: At the first day of the study

Systolic and Diastolic Pressure Means of the Patients

At the beginning of the study, the systolic and diastolic pressures (as mmHg) of the patients were measured and the mean systolic and diastolic pressure values of both groups were recorded. (NCT04646109)
Timeframe: At the first day of the study

Treatment-Related Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE v4.0

14-day Participant Mortality

The mortality rate was determined as the proportion of participants who died by study Day 15. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 15

29-day Participant Mortality

The mortality rate was determined as the proportion of participants who died by study Day 29. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Percentage of Participants Reporting Grade 3 and 4 Clinical and/or Laboratory Adverse Events (AEs)

Grade 3 AEs are defined as events that interrupt usual activities of daily living, or significantly affects clinical status, or may require intensive therapeutic intervention. Severe events are usually incapacitating. Grade 4 AEs are defined as events that are potentially life threatening. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Percentage of Participants Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

An SAE is defined as an AE or suspected adverse reaction is considered serious if, in the view of either the investigator or the sponsor, it results in death, a life-threatening AE, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Percentage of Participants Requiring New Non-invasive Ventilation or High-flow Oxygen Use

New non-invasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen use was determined as the percentage of subject not on non-invasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen at baseline. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Percentage of Participants Requiring New Oxygen Use

The percentage of participants requiring new oxygen use was determined as the percentage of participants not requiring oxygen at baseline (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Percentage of Participants Requiring New Ventilator or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Use

The percentage of participants requiring new ventilator or ECMO use was determined as the percentage not on a ventilator or ECMO at baseline (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Time to an Improvement by at Least One Category Using an Ordinal Scale

The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities. Time to improvement by at least one category was determined for each participant (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Time to an Improvement of at Least Two Categories Using an Ordinal Scale

The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities. Time to improvement by at least two categories was determined for each participant (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Time to Discharge or to a NEWS of 2 or Less and Maintained for 24 Hours, Whichever Occurs First

The NEW score has demonstrated an ability to discriminate patients at risk of poor outcomes. This score is based on 7 clinical parameters (respiration rate, oxygen saturation, any supplemental oxygen, temperature, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, level of consciousness). The NEW Score is being used as an efficacy measure. The minimum score is 0, representing the better outcome, and the maximum value is 19, representing the worse outcome. The time to discharge or a NEWS of less than or equal to 2 was determined for each participant. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Time to Recovery

Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Change From Baseline in Alanine Transaminase (ALT)

Blood to evaluate ALT was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Aspartate Transaminase (AST)

Blood to evaluate AST was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Basophils

Blood to evaluate basophils was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Creatinine

Blood to evaluate serum creatinine was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Eosinophils

Blood to evaluate eosinophils was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Glucose

Blood to evaluate serum glucose was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin

Blood to evaluate hemoglobin was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Lymphocytes

Blood to evaluate lymphocytes was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Monocytes

Blood to evaluate monocytes was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Neutrophils

Blood to evaluate neutrophils was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Platelets

Blood to evaluate platelets was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Prothrombin Time (PT)

Blood to evaluate PT was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin

Blood to evaluate total bilirubin was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

Blood to evaluate WBC was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change in National Early Warning Score (NEWS) From Baseline

The NEW score has demonstrated an ability to discriminate patients at risk of poor outcomes. This score is based on 7 clinical parameters (respiration rate, oxygen saturation, any supplemental oxygen, temperature, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, level of consciousness). The NEW Score is being used as an efficacy measure. The minimum score is 0, representing the better outcome, and the maximum value is 19, representing the worse outcome. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15, 22, and 29

Duration of Hospitalization

Duration of hospitalization was determined two ways. The first includes imputations for participants who died. The second method is restricted to participants who did not die. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Duration of New Non-invasive Ventilation or High Flow Oxygen Use

Duration of new non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen use was measured in days among participants who were not on non-invasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen use at baseline, determined two ways. The first includes imputations for participants who died. The second method is restricted to participants who did not die (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Duration of New Oxygen Use

"Duration of new oxygen use was measured in days among participants who were not on oxygen at baseline, determined two ways. The first includes imputations for participants who died. The second method is restricted to participants who did not die~." (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Duration of New Ventilator or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Use

Duration of new ventilator or ECMO use was measured in days among participants who were not on a ventilator or ECMO at baseline, determined two ways. The first includes imputations for participants who died. The second method is restricted to participants who did not die (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Mean Change in the Ordinal Scale

The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities. A positive change indicates a worsening and a negative change is an improvement. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15, 22, and 29

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 1

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 11

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 15

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 22

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 29

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 3

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 5

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 8

Percentage of Participants Discontinued or Temporarily Suspended From Investigational Therapeutics

Participants may have been discontinued from investigational therapeutics due to discharge or death. The halting or slowing of the infusion for any reason was collected, as was missed doses in the series of 10 doses. (NCT04280705)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 10

Time to Recovery by Ethnicity

Time to Recovery by Race

Time to Recovery by Sex

Part A: Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) were defined as AEs with onset dates on or after the study treatment start date and no later than 30 days after the permanent discontinuation of the study treatment and/or the AEs that led to premature discontinuation of study treatment. (NCT04292899)
Timeframe: First dose date up to last dose date (maximum: 10 days) plus 30 days

Part A: Percentage of Participants in Each Clinical Status Category as Assessed by a 7-Point Ordinal Scale on Day 14

"Clinical status was derived from death, hospital discharge, and the ordinal scale as follows: score of 1 was used for all days on or after the date of death; score of 7 was used for all days on or after discharged alive date; last assessment carried forward for any missing values.The scale is as follows: 1. Death; 2. Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO; 3. Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4. Hospitalized, requiring low flow supplemental oxygen; 5. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer required ongoing medical care (other than per protocol remdesivir administration); 7. Not hospitalized. The odds ratio represents the odds of improvement in the ordinal scale for the Remdesivir for 10 days group vs the Remdesivir for 5 days group." (NCT04292899)
Timeframe: Day 14

Part A: Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

TEAEs were defined as the following: any AE with an onset date on or after the study treatment start date and no later than 30 days after permanent discontinuation of study treatment and/or any AE leading to premature discontinuation of study treatment. For participants randomized to the SOC group, all AEs reported on or after the protocol-specified Day 1 visit were considered as treatment emergent. (NCT04292730)
Timeframe: First dose date up to last dose date (maximum: 10 days) plus 30 days

Part A: Percentage of Participants in Each Clinical Status Category as Assessed by a 7-Point Ordinal Scale on Day 11

"Clinical status was derived from death, hospital discharge, and ordinal scale as follows: score of 1 was used for all days on or after the date of death; score of 7 was used for all days on or after discharged alive date; last available assessment for missing value. The scale is as follows: 1. Death; 2. Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO); 3. Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4. Hospitalized, requiring low flow supplemental oxygen; 5. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (coronavirus (COVID-19) related or otherwise); 6. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer required ongoing medical care (other than per protocol remdesivir administration; 7. Not hospitalized. The odds ratio represents the odds of improvement in the ordinal scale for a RDV group relative to the SOC group." (NCT04292730)
Timeframe: Day 11

14-day Participant Mortality

The mortality rate was determined as the proportion of participants who died by study Day 15. The proportions reported are Kaplan-Meier estimates. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 15

28-day Participant Mortality

The mortality rate was determined as the proportion of participants who died by study Day 29. The proportions reported are Kaplan-Meier estimates. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Percentage of Participants Reporting Grade 3 and 4 Clinical and/or Laboratory Adverse Events (AEs)

Percentage of Participants Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

Percentage of Participants Requiring New Oxygen Use

The percentage of participants requiring new oxygen use was determined as the percentage of participants not requiring oxygen at baseline (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Percentage of Participants Requiring New Ventilator or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Use

The percentage of participants requiring new ventilator or ECMO use was determined as the percentage not on a ventilator or ECMO at baseline (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Time to an Improvement of One Category Using an Ordinal Scale

Time to an Improvement of Two Categories Using an Ordinal Scale

Time to Discharge or to a NEWS of 2 or Less and Maintained for 24 Hours, Whichever Occurs First

Time to Recovery

Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen and no longer requires ongoing medical care. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Change From Baseline in Alanine Transaminase (ALT)

Change From Baseline in Aspartate Transaminase (AST)

Change From Baseline in Basophils

Change From Baseline in C-reactive Protein (CRP)

Blood to evaluate CRP was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Creatinine

Change From Baseline in D-dimer Concentration

Blood to evaluate d-dimer concentration was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Eosinophils

Change From Baseline in Glucose

Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin

Change From Baseline in Lymphocytes

Change From Baseline in Monocytes

Change From Baseline in Neutrophils

BBlood to evaluate neutrophils was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Platelets

Change From Baseline in Prothrombin International Normalized Ratio (INR)

Blood to evaluate INR was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29

Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin

Change From Baseline in White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

Change in National Early Warning Score (NEWS) From Baseline

The NEW score has demonstrated an ability to discriminate patients at risk of poor outcomes. This score is based on 7 clinical parameters (respiration rate, oxygen saturation, any supplemental oxygen, temperature, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, level of consciousness). The NEW Score is being used as an efficacy measure. The minimum score is 0, representing the better outcome, and the maximum value is 19, representing the worse outcome. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15, 22, and 29

Duration of Hospitalization

Duration of New Non-invasive Ventilation or High Flow Oxygen Use

Duration of New Oxygen Use

Duration of new oxygen use was measured in days among participants who were not on oxygen at baseline, determined two ways. The first includes imputations for participants who died. The second method is restricted to participants who did not die (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Duration of New Ventilator or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Use

Duration of Oxygen Use

Duration of oxygen use was measured in days among participants who were on oxygen in based, calculated in two ways. The first includes imputations for participants who died. The second method is restricted to participants who did not die. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29

Mean Change in the Ordinal Scale

The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities. A positive change indicates a worsening and a negative change is an improvement. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Day 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15, 22, and 29

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 1

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 11

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 15

The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities. Data was imputed using last observation carried forward or worst possible score based on hospitalization status (2 if not hospitalized, 7 if hospitalized) when there was a change in hospitalization status since last score. Deaths were imputed as an 8. (NCT04401579)
Timeframe: Day 15

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 22

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 29

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 3

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 5

Percentage of Participants at Each Clinical Status Using Ordinal Scale at Day 8

Percentage of Participants Discontinued or Temporarily Suspended From Investigational Therapeutics

Time to Recovery by Ethnicity

Time to Recovery by Race

Time to Recovery by Sex

Number of Participants Who Died From All Causes

Number of Participants With a Safety Outcome Through Day 28

Death, SAE, clinical organ failure, serious infections, or Grade 3 or 4 event through Day 28 (NCT05780268)
Timeframe: Through Day 28

Number of Participants With a Safety Outcome Through Day 5

Death, SAE, clinical organ failure, serious infections, or Grade 3 or 4 event through Day 5 (NCT05780268)
Timeframe: Through Day 5

Number of Participants With a Safety Outcome Through Day 90

Death, SAE, clinical organ failure, serious infections through Day 90 (NCT05780268)
Timeframe: Through Day 90

Number of Participants With Sustained Recovery

Sustained recovery defined as being discharged from the index hospitalization, followed by being alive and home for 14 consecutive days prior to Day 90. (NCT05780268)
Timeframe: Through Day 90

Intervention	percentage of peripheral capillary O2 (Mean)
	Baseline	TD1	TD3	TD5
Control Group	89.67	90.50	91.90	93.00
Study Group	89.93	92.85	93.07	93.52

Intervention	mg/L (Mean)
	Baseline	TD1	TD3	TD5
Control Group	1.32	2.80	4.14	3.58
Study Group	1.25	1.40	3.24	5.85

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
	Baseline	TD1	TD3	TD5
Control Group	747.05	783.03	881.17	1028.24
Study Group	682.75	834.94	875.90	875.12

Intervention	cell/mm^3 (Mean)
	Baseline	TD1	TD3	TD5
Control Group	1010	1034	977	968
Study Group	932	928	1021	1273

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
	Baseline	TD1	TD3	TD5
Control Group	197.44	181.83	174.77	180.13
Study Group	158.83	147.31	147.74	178.94

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
	Baseline	TD1	TD3	TD5
Control Group	7.48	7.74	9.26	9.88
Study Group	8.77	10.82	9.02	7.16

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Mutation positive	Mutation negative
Control Group	0	0
Study Group	6	30

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Diabetes Mellitus	Hypertension	Coronary artery disease	Cardiac failure	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Malignancy	Immunodeficiency
Control Group	10	12	8	1	3	1	1
Study Group	9	15	5	0	6	0	0

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Fever	Cough	Sore throat	dyspnea	Headache	Weakness	Myalgia	Diarrhea	Nausea or vomiting
Control Group	13	14	1	19	2	11	7	0	0
Study Group	15	16	3	23	5	13	9	1	1

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Systolic pressure	Diastolic pressure
Control Group	124.61	73.43
Study Group	124.39	75.64

Authors	Studies
Schenker, C	1
Hirzel, C	1
Walti, LN	1
Zeerleder, SS	1
Andres, M	1
Ramette, A	1
Barbani, MT	1
Suter-Riniker, F	1
Holbro, A	1
Tritschler, T	1
Congly, SE	1
Varughese, RA	1
Brown, CE	1
Clement, FM	1
Saxinger, L	1
Miller, SR	1
McGrath, ME	2
Zorn, KM	1
Ekins, S	1
Wright, SH	1
Cherrington, NJ	1
Kaye, AD	1
Cornett, EM	1
Brondeel, KC	1
Lerner, ZI	1
Knight, HE	1
Erwin, A	1
Charipova, K	1
Gress, KL	1
Urits, I	1
Urman, RD	1
Fox, CJ	1
Kevil, CG	1
Taha, HR	1
Keewan, N	1
Slati, F	1
Al-Sawalha, NA	1
Banerjee, A	1
Kanwar, M	1
Maiti, S	1

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Nausea and vomiting	Increase in liver function tests
Control Group	2	1
Study Group	0	0

Intervention	Units/Liter (U/L) (Mean)
	Day 3	Day 5	Day 8	Day 11	Day 15	Day 29
Placebo	14.3	23.1	24.2	27.7	28.1	-3.9
Remdesivir	2.9	10.8	8.9	3.4	1.7	-6.8

Intervention	Days (Median)
	Including imputation for participants who died	Restricted to participants who did not die
Placebo	17	14
Remdesivir	12	10

Intervention	Days (Median)
	Including imputations for participants who died	Among participants who did not die
Placebo	4	3
Remdesivir	3	3

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Death at or before study Visit	Hospitalized, on invasive mech. vent. or ECMO	Hospitalized, on non-invasive vent./high flow O2	Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen	Hospitalized, not on O2, requiring ongoing care	Hospitalized, not requiring O2, no longer req care	Not hospitalized, limit on activities/req home O2	Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities	No clinical status score reported - Hospitalized	No clinical status score reported - Discharged	No clinical status score reported - Discontinued
Placebo	0	30	19	39	12	0	0	0	0	0	1
Remdesivir	0	24	18	43	14	0	0	0	1	0	1

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Discontinued due to discharge	Discontinued due to death	Any infusions halted or slowed	Missed any maintenance dose
Placebo	30	4	2	21
Remdesivir	41	3	2	16

Intervention	Days (Median)
	Not Hispanic or Latino	Hispanic or Latino
Placebo	15.0	12.5
Remdesivir	10.0	10.0

Intervention	Days (Median)
	Asian	Black or African American	White	Other
Placebo	12.0	15.0	15.0	24.0
Remdesivir	11.0	10.0	9.0	9.0

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Part A: Remdesivir (RDV) for 5 Days	71.5
Part A: Remdesivir for 10 Days	75.1

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Score: 1	Score: 2	Score: 3	Score: 4	Score: 5	Score: 6	Score: 7
Part A: Remdesivir (RDV) for 5 Days	8.0	8.5	4.0	9.5	6.0	4.0	60.0
Part A: Remdesivir for 10 Days	10.7	16.8	5.1	7.6	6.1	1.5	52.3

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Part A: Remdesivir for 5 Days	51.3
Part A: Remdesivir for 10 Days	58.5
Part A: SOC Therapy	46.5

Intervention	Days (Median)
	Including imputation for participants who died	Restricted to participants who did not die
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib	8	8
Remdesivir Plus Placebo	8	8

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Received less than 10 Infusions of Remdesivir due to Discharge	Received less than 10 Infusions of Remdesivir due to Death	Received less than 14 doses of Baricitinib/Placebo due to Discharge	Received less than 14 doses of Baricitinib/Placebo due to Death	Had Any Infusions of Remdesivir Halted or Slowed	Had Any Oral Doses of Baricitinib/Placebo Modified	Missed Any Maintenance Dose of Remdesivir	Missed Any Oral Dose of Baricitinib/Placebo	Terminated Early Prior to Completing 10 Infusions of Remdesivir	Terminated Early Prior to Completing 14 doses of Baricitinib/Placebo
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib	55	0	66	0	2	16	23	30	3	4
Remdesivir Plus Placebo	51	1	59	1	2	18	27	34	4	5

Intervention	Days (Median)
	Male	Female
Remdesivir Plus Baricitinib	7.0	7.0
Remdesivir Plus Placebo	9.0	7.0