Compounds > alafosfalin
Page last updated: 2024-11-06

alafosfalin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Alafosfalin is a synthetic analog of the natural compound fosfomycin. It is a potent inhibitor of UDP-N-acetylmuramate:L-alanine ligase (MurA), a key enzyme involved in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Alafosfalin's mechanism of action involves binding to the active site of MurA, preventing the formation of the essential peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. This disruption leads to bacterial cell death. Alafosfalin exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Due to its unique mechanism of action and resistance profile, alafosfalin has shown potential for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, alafosfalin's clinical use is limited by its poor oral bioavailability and potential for nephrotoxicity. Extensive research is ongoing to develop new formulations and delivery strategies to improve alafosfalin's therapeutic index and expand its clinical application. Alafosfalin is studied for its potential to overcome antibiotic resistance and provide a novel therapeutic option for infections that are challenging to treat with current antibiotics.'

alafosfalin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID71957
CHEMBL ID3989665
SCHEMBL ID1582301
MeSH IDM0049017

Synonyms (54)

Synonym
l-alanyl-l-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid
(1r)-1-(l-alanylamino)ethylphosphonic acid
((1r)-1-((2s)-2-aminopropionamido)ethyl)phosphonic acid
alafosfalin
NCGC00164496-01
[(1r)-1-[[(2s)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]ethyl]phosphonic acid
n-[(1r)-1-phosphonoethyl]-l-alaninamide
NCGC00164496-02
A-4625
AFS ,
cas-60668-24-8
dtxcid4026393
dtxsid6046393 ,
tox21_112134
AKOS006238307
alafosfalinum [inn-latin]
ro 03-7008
alafosfaline
0m8om373bs ,
phosphonic acid, ((1r)-1-(((2s)-2-amino-1-oxopropyl)amino)ethyl)-
alafosfalin [inn:ban]
((1r)-1-(((2s)-2-amino-1-oxopropyl)amino)ethyl)phosphonic acid
alafosfalino
60668-24-8
alafosfalinum
einecs 262-362-8
unii-0m8om373bs
alafosfaline [inn-french]
phosphonic acid, (1-((2-amino-1-oxopropyl)amino)ethyl)-, (r-(r*,s*))-
alafosfalino [inn-spanish]
alaphosphin
alafosfalin [mart.]
ro-3-7008
alafosfalin [mi]
p-((1r)-1-(((2s)-2-amino-1-oxopropyl)amino)ethyl)phosphonic acid
alafosfalin [inn]
BHAYDBSYOBONRV-IUYQGCFVSA-N
(1r)-1-(l-alanylamino)-ethylphosphonic acid
SCHEMBL1582301
(s)-alanyl-(r)-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid, antibiotic for culture media use only
mfcd01569244
(s)-alanyl-(r)-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid
sr-01000944629
SR-01000944629-1
l-alanyl-l-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid, >=98.0% (t)
gtpl9503
phosphonic acid, [(1r)-1-[[(2s)-2-amino-1-oxopropyl]amino]ethyl]-
((r)-1-((s)-2-aminopropanamido)ethyl)phosphonic acid
CHEMBL3989665
HY-119881
Q15633923
BRD-K80403280-001-01-3
CS-0078244
((r)-1-((s)-2-aminopropanamido)ethyl)phosphonicacid

Research Excerpts

Overview

Alafosfalin is a phosphonodipeptide with significant activity as an antibacterial agent and as a potentiator of beta-lactam antibiotics.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Alafosfalin is a phosphonodipeptide with significant activity as an antibacterial agent and as a potentiator of beta-lactam antibiotics. "( Pharmacokinetics of alafosfalin, alone and in combination with cephalexin, in humans.
Allen, JG; Lees, LJ, 1980)		2.03

Effects

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Alafosfalin has an elimination half-life of about 60 min and does not accumulate during chronic administration."( Pharmacokinetics of alafosfalin, alone and in combination with cephalexin, in humans.
Allen, JG; Lees, LJ, 1980)		1.31
"Alafosfalin has an elimination half-life of about 60 min and does not accumulate during chronic administration."( Pharmacokinetics of alafosfalin, alone and in combination with cephalexin, in humans.
Allen, JG; Lees, LJ, 1980)		1.31

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The phosphonopeptide alafosfalin (L-alanyl-L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid) exhibited synergy in vitro and in animal studies against a range of bacterial genera when combined with cephalexin."( Antibacterial properties of alafosfalin combined with cephalexin.
Atherton, FR; Hall, MJ; Hassall, CH; Holmes, SW; Lambert, RW; Lloyd, WJ; Nisbet, LJ; Ringrose, PS; Westmacott, D, 1981)		0.88

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Alafosfalin was well absorbed after oral administration, but was extensively hydrolyzed to alanine and L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid before it reached the general circulation."( Phosphonopeptides as antibacterial agents: metabolism and pharmacokinetics of alafosfalin in animals and humans.
Allen, JG; Havas, L; Leicht, E; Lenox-Smith, I; Nisbet, LJ, 1979)		1.4
" Oral bioavailability was approximately 50% and was largely independent of dose."( Pharmacokinetics of alafosfalin, alone and in combination with cephalexin, in humans.
Allen, JG; Lees, LJ, 1980)		0.58
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (22)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID71060In vivo antibacterial activity was measured relative to alafosfalin against Escherichia coli 281007 strain after po administration.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID205390Compound was tested for its antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID208019Compound was tested in vitro for its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis FS5 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID205832Compound was tested in vitro for its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 561037 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID95718Compound was tested for its antibacterial activity against Klebsiella aerogenes 331001 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID70592Compound was tested in vitro for its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli NCIB 8879 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID689982Tmax in Sprague-Dawley rat at 20 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 54, Issue:17
Remarkable potential of the α-aminophosphonate/phosphinate structural motif in medicinal chemistry.
AID85971Compound was tested in vitro for its antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae NCTC 4560 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID208018Compound was tested for its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis 58511 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID67538Compound was tested for its antibacterial activity against Enterobacter 250002 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID205671Compound was tested for its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus NCIB 8625 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID85969Compound was tested for its antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae NCTC 4560 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID200861Compound was tested for its antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium 538003 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID71061In vivo antibacterial activity was measured relative to alafosfalin against Escherichia coli 281007 strain after sc administration.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID689979Half life in human at 200 mg, im2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 54, Issue:17
Remarkable potential of the α-aminophosphonate/phosphinate structural motif in medicinal chemistry.
AID689981AUC in Sprague-Dawley rat at 20 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 54, Issue:17
Remarkable potential of the α-aminophosphonate/phosphinate structural motif in medicinal chemistry.
AID70572Compound was tested for its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli NCIB 8879 strain.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
AID689980Half life in Sprague-Dawley rat at 20 mg/kg, sc administered as single dose2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 54, Issue:17
Remarkable potential of the α-aminophosphonate/phosphinate structural motif in medicinal chemistry.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (31)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199021 (67.74)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's2 (6.45)29.6817
2010's6 (19.35)24.3611
2020's2 (6.45)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 22.06

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index22.06 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.50 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.97 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index21.17 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (22.06)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (3.23%)5.53%
Reviews1 (3.23%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (3.23%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other28 (90.32%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
aminoethylphosphonic acid
Aminoethylphosphonic Acid: An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.. (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group.		1.9610phosphonic acids;
primary amino compound;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fosmidomycin
fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.		3.4720hydroxamic acid;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.0610acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		2.06101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
incadronate
[no description available]		2.06101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
pamidronate
[no description available]		2.0610phosphonoacetic acid
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		2.0610pyridines
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		2.3720penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		7.09271alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		1.9510pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		1.96104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		7.6530beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
1-aminomethylphosphonic acid
1-aminomethylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate.		1.9610one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		1.9510penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		4.0431beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		1.9610penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		2.2510monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
fosinoprilat
fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.		2.0610L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		1.9610cephalosporinfungal metabolite
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		2.06101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
glycylsarcosine
glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.		2.0210dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
1-(aminoethyl)phosphonic acid
1-(aminoethyl)phosphonic acid: structure given in first source		1.9610phosphonoacetic acid
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		6.9510beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		1.9610divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.25102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		3.4720epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		1.9510cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.2510nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
fosinopril
[no description available]		2.0610
rxp 407
RXP 407: inhibits angiotensin I converting enzyme		2.0610
dolutegravir
[no description available]		2.2510difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
E coli Infections
[description not available]		02.3620
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		02.3620
Dysphagia
[description not available]		02.2510
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		02.2510
Chronic Esophagitis, Eosinophilic
[description not available]		02.2510
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.2510
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		02.2510
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens.		02.2510
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0110
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.3620
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.3620
Vibrio cholerae Infection
[description not available]		01.9510
Cholera
An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.		01.9510
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		03.7521
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		03.2820
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		03.2820
Bacteriuria
The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.		01.9510