Compounds > kasugamycin
Page last updated: 2024-11-06

kasugamycin

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Description

Kasugamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces kasugaensis. It exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, primarily against Gram-positive bacteria. Its unique mode of action involves inhibiting protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, specifically interfering with the initiation phase of translation. Kasugamycin has been studied extensively for its potential agricultural and medical applications. Its antifungal properties have been investigated for controlling rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. In medicine, it is used as a topical treatment for skin infections. Notably, kasugamycin has a low incidence of resistance development, making it a valuable tool for combatting antibiotic-resistant strains. Research continues to explore its potential as a lead compound for the development of novel antibiotics and antifungal agents.'

kasugamycin: experimental antimicrobial agent from Streptomyces kausugaensis; used in pseudomonas infections; interfers with protein synthesis in susceptible Escherichia coli [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

kasugamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis and exhibits antibiotic and fungicidal properties. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID65174
CHEMBL ID1631109
CHEBI ID81419
SCHEMBL ID70535
SCHEMBL ID16011710
SCHEMBL ID12858482
MeSH IDM0263410

Synonyms (39)

Synonym
KSG ,
(1s,2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl 2-amino-4-{[carboxy(imino)methyl]amino}-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-arabino-hexopyranoside
2-[[(2r,3s,5s,6r)-5-amino-2-methyl-6-[(2r,3s,5s,6s)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexoxy]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]amino]-2-imino-acetic acid
6980-18-3
d-chiro-inositol, 3-o-(2-amino-4-((carboxyiminomethyl)amino)-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-
hsdb 6695
brn 1403823
kasugamycin
HMS2089A11
2-amino-2-[(2r,3s,5s,6r)-5-amino-2-methyl-6-[(2r,3s,5s,6s)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxan-3-yl]iminoacetic acid
C17968
CHEMBL1631109
chebi:81419 ,
nsc 100858
o957uyb9dy ,
unii-o957uyb9dy
kasumin 2l
kasumin l
kasu b
11030-24-3
einecs 234-260-3
3-o-(2-amino-4-((carboxyiminomethyl)amino)-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-d-chiro-inositol sulphate
kasugamycin [hsdb]
AKOS025310863
SCHEMBL70535
PVTHJAPFENJVNC-MHRBZPPQSA-N
3-o-[2-amino-4-[(carboxyiminomethyl)amino]-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-arabino-hexopyranosyl]-d-chiro-inositol
SCHEMBL16011710
SCHEMBL12858482
DTXSID1040374
SR-05000001429-1
sr-05000001429
2-((2r,3s,5s,6r)-5-amino-2-methyl-6-((1s,2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyloxy)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3-ylamino)-2-iminoacetic acid
2-amino-4-{[carboxy(imino)methyl]amino}-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-arabino-hexopyranoside
(1s,2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl
(1s,2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl 2-amino-4-{[(z)-carboxy(imino)methyl]amino}-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-d-arabino-hexopyranoside
Q3193879
alpha-d-lyxo-
PD040309

Research Excerpts

Overview

Kasugamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis. It has been widely used for the management of plant diseases.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Kasugamycin (KSG) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used in agriculture and exhibits considerable medical potential. "( The context of the ribosome binding site in mRNAs defines specificity of action of kasugamycin, an inhibitor of translation initiation.
Aleksashin, NA; Anderson, C; Gross, CA; Klepacki, D; Mankin, AS; Vázquez-Laslop, N; Zhang, Y, 2022)		2.39
"Kasugamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis, which has been widely used for the management of plant diseases. "( Pectin-conjugated silica microcapsules as dual-responsive carriers for increasing the stability and antimicrobial efficacy of kasugamycin.
Cao, Y; Ding, G; Dong, H; Fan, C; Guo, M; Kong, D; Liang, Y; Tang, G; Yang, J; Zhang, W, 2017)		2.1
"Kasugamycin is an antibiotic that blocks translation initiation."( Translation initiation region dependency of translation initiation in Escherichia coli by IF1 and kasugamycin.
Isaksson, LA; Nilsson, H; Rasmussen, LC; Sperling-Petersen, HU; Surkov, S, 2010)		1.3

Effects

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Kasugamycin (Ksg) has been permitted to be used as an alternative or replacement to control this serious bacterial disease."( Loss-of-Function Mutations in the Dpp and Opp Permeases Render Erwinia amylovora Resistant to Kasugamycin and Blasticidin S.
Ge, Y; Hu, B; Lee, JH; Zhao, Y, 2018)		1.42

Treatment

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Treatment with kasugamycin and puromycin (targeting ribosomal subunit association as well as its peptidyl-transferase activity) caused accumulation of mRNAs from ribosomal protein operons."( Interfering with different steps of protein synthesis explored by transcriptional profiling of Escherichia coli K-12.
Dover, N; LaRossa, RA; Sabina, J; Smulski, DR; Söll, D; Templeton, LJ, 2003)		0.66

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"5 times recommended dosage with an interval of 21 days."( Residues and dynamics of kasugamycin in chilli and soil.
Chen, Y; Deng, L; Li, D; Liu, X; Lu, L; Zhao, S, 2012)		0.68
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (29)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID542071Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 17 harboring 709-850 deficient KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at K237L in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542105Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate KO-879 KsgA mutant and harboring 236G-T speD mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at S79I in speD gene after 2 days2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541823Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 4 harboring 709-850 deficient KsgA and expressing amino acid exchange at K237L in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541828Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 9 harboring 515G-GG KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at S173L,Asn 200 -stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541829Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 10 harboring 706C-T KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at R236C in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541827Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 8 harboring 515G-GGG KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at S173A, Met 188 -stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542072Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 18 harboring 495-525 deficient KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at N165E, Ala 177- stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541817Antibacterial activity against wild-type Bacillus subtilis 168 after 15 hrs2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541825Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 6 harboring 272C-G KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at Ser 91 -stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542079Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate KO-878 KsgA mutant and harboring 193T-A speD mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at S65T in speD gene after 2 days2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541819Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis RIK543 after 15 hrs2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542074Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate KO-847 KsgA mutant after 2 days2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542078Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate KO-877 KsgA mutant and harboring 191A-T speD mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at G64Vin speD gene after 2 days2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542068Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 14 harboring 608C-T KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at S203F in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541826Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 7 harboring 198T-TT KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at A67C, Glu 77- stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541821Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 2 harboring 708-717 deficient KsgA and expressing amino acid exchange at K235S, Leu240-stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542076Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate KO-875 KsgA mutant and harboring 19G-T speD mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at G7Win speD gene after 2 days2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542070Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 16 harboring 181G-GG KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at A61G, Glu 77- stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541832Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 13 harboring 393C-G KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at Tyr 131- stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542069Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 15 harboring 324C-CTC KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at K109S, Val 125 - stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541822Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 3 harboring 301C-T KsgA and expressing amino acid exchange at Gln101-stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541824Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 5 harboring 478-492 deficient KsgA and expressing amino acid exchange at Glu 160, Ala 164 deletion in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541831Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 12 harboring 597-615 deficient KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at N200F, Asp 202- stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541820Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 1 harboring 253-261 deficient KsgA and expressing amino acid exchange at 85-87 Ile, Leu, Lys-deletionin KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541830Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 11 harboring 274-295 deficient KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at P92F, Thr 97- stop codon in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542077Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate KO-876 KsgA mutant and harboring 22C-GT speD mutant after 2 days2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542075Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate KO-894 speD mutant after 2 days2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID541818Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli BW25113 after 15 hrs2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
AID542073Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis isolate 19 harboring 230A-G KsgA mutant and expressing amino acid exchange at A61G, E77K in KsgA gene2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (96)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199019 (19.79)18.7374
1990's12 (12.50)18.2507
2000's24 (25.00)29.6817
2010's27 (28.13)24.3611
2020's14 (14.58)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 32.22

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index32.22 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.62 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.73 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index81.44 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.83 (0.95)

This Compound (32.22)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other100 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.0310monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		1.96106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.0310benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		2.610alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
cytosine
[no description available]		2.0510aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.9640cyclitol;
hexol
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		2.0310saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
putrescine
[no description available]		1.9710alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		6.9810pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
aurintricarboxylic acid
Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.		1.9810monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid		fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
cgs 15943
9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.		3.1710aromatic amine;
biaryl;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
triazoloquinazoline		adenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
antineoplastic agent;
central nervous system stimulant
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.5220
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		2.6103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		2.0210aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		1.9610alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		3.2760C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		2.4220kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.0110amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		1.9810aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
cytidine
[no description available]		2.2510cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		2.0510antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		1.9610amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.0110erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.420aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		3.1710azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		7.6630cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		2.3820cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
streptomycin
[no description available]		8.4170antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate
Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.		1.9610
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		2.2510metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
chlorine dioxide
chlorine dioxide: equal or superior to chlorine when used as wastewater disinfectant		2.1110chlorine dioxide
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		2.0210beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		1.9710amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		6.9610adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		3.17101,2,3-triazole
n-methyladenosine
N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		1.9610methyladenosine
amdinocillin pivoxil
Amdinocillin Pivoxil: Pivaloyloxymethyl ester of amdinocillin that is well absorbed orally, but broken down to amdinocillin in the intestinal mucosa. It is active against gram-negative organisms and used as for amdinocillin.. pivmecillinam : A penicillanic acid ester that is the [(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]methyl ester and prodrug of mecillinam.		2.0210penicillanic acid ester;
penicillin;
pivaloyloxymethyl ester		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
prodrug
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		2.0610oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.3720amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anisomycin
Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.		2.0510monohydroxypyrrolidine;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
protein synthesis inhibitor
azaleucine
4-azaleucine : An alanine derivative obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens of alanine by a dimethylamino group.		2.0110alanine derivative;
leucine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tertiary amino compound
puromycin
[no description available]		2.0110puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		3.1710alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
validamycin a
validamycin A : A member of the class of validamycins that is (1R,2S,3S,4S,6R)-4-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 has been converted to its beta-D-glucoside and in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a (1R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl group. It is the major validamycin produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		7.6120antibiotic fungicide;
polyol;
secondary amino compound;
validamycins		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 2.4.1.231 [alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining)] inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.64 (alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.28 (alpha,alpha-trehalase) inhibitor
phosphoramidon
phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.		1.9610deoxyaldohexose phosphate;
dipeptide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		2.5320D-galactopyranuronic acid
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.0110alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		2.0110flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		210carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
apramycin
apramycin : An aminoglycoside that is 2-deoxystreptamine that is substituted on the oxygen at position 4 by an (8R)-2-amino-8-O-(4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,3,7-trideoxy-7-(methylamino)-D-glycero-alpha-D-allo-octodialdo-1,5:8,4-dipyranos-1-yl) group.		1.97102-deoxystreptamine derivative;
aminoglycoside;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
myomycin
myomycin: antibiotic whose hydrolysis products are myo-inositol lysine & 3-amino-3-deoxy-D-mannose		1.9710
pactamycin
Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.		1.9810
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		1.9710chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
hygromycin a
hygromycin A: a cinnamide derivative produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure differs from HYGROMYCIN B		1.9710hydroxycinnamic acidmetabolite
pateamine a
pateamine A: a 19-membered macrolide; structure in first source; inhibits eukaryotic translation initiation. pateamine : A marine macrodiolide that is isolated from the sponge Mycale hentscheli and exhibits anticancer and antiviral properties		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
macrodiolide;
olefinic compound;
primary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
eukaryotic initiation factor 4F inhibitor;
marine metabolite
anticodon
Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.		2.110
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		1.9810chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
hygromycin b
[no description available]		1.9710
ningnanmycin
ningnanmycin: isolated from Strepcomces noursei		7.2510
chymostatin
[no description available]		1.9610
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		2.4220
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		2.6320
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.4110
fortimicin a sulfate
fortimicin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; Abbott-44747 is for disulfate; see also records for fortimicin B & fortimicins; structure in 8th source		1.9910aminoglycoside sulfate salt
blasticidin s
blasticidin S: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. blasticidin S : A blasticidin that is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces griseochromogene.		2.7230
antipain
Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.		1.9610
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		210purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanine
[no description available]		2.05102-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pheophytin a
pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer		1.9810
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		2.7230cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		1.9710nitroso compoundalkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		210guanosinesbiomarker
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		02.3110
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.3110
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.4110
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		07.4110
Cronobacter Infections
[description not available]		03.1710
Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.		03.1710
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.1710
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.1710
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection
[description not available]		02.0510
Gonorrhea
Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.		02.0510
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		01.9410
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		01.9410