alanine has been researched along with Schizophrenia in 34 studies
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.
Schizophrenia: A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Since oral administration of d-alanine, an agonist that binds to the glycine site of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, improves the positive and cognitive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia, measurement of endogenous plasma alanine levels could serve as a clinical marker for schizophrenia severity and improvement." | 9.14 | Plasma alanine levels increase in patients with schizophrenia as their clinical symptoms improve-Results from the Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP). ( Arai, H; Hanzawa, R; Hatano, T; Maeshima, H; Ohnuma, T; Sakai, Y; Shibata, N; Suzuki, T, 2010) |
| "The significant improvement with the D-alanine further supports the hypothesis of hypofunction of NMDA neurotransmission in schizophrenia and strengthens the proof of the principle that NMDA-enhancing treatment is a promising approach for the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia." | 9.12 | D-alanine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. ( Chang, YC; Chong, MY; Tsai, GE; Yang, P, 2006) |
| "Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic that may cause weight gain and metabolic syndrome in some cases." | 7.75 | The association of olanzapine-induced weight gain with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia. ( Akin, F; Aydin, N; Barlas, O; Erdal, M; Herken, H; Karadag, F; Sengul, C, 2009) |
| " Mice treated with PGW5 (25 and 50mg/kg/d) for 28 days did not show toxic effects in terms of weight gain and blood-chemistry analysis." | 5.40 | A novel analog of olanzapine linked to sarcosinyl moiety (PGW5) demonstrates high efficacy and good safety profile in mouse models of schizophrenia. ( Bidder, M; Gil-Ad, I; Kramer, M; Portnoy, M; Taler, M; Tarasenko, I; Weizman, A, 2014) |
| "Since oral administration of d-alanine, an agonist that binds to the glycine site of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, improves the positive and cognitive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia, measurement of endogenous plasma alanine levels could serve as a clinical marker for schizophrenia severity and improvement." | 5.14 | Plasma alanine levels increase in patients with schizophrenia as their clinical symptoms improve-Results from the Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP). ( Arai, H; Hanzawa, R; Hatano, T; Maeshima, H; Ohnuma, T; Sakai, Y; Shibata, N; Suzuki, T, 2010) |
| "The significant improvement with the D-alanine further supports the hypothesis of hypofunction of NMDA neurotransmission in schizophrenia and strengthens the proof of the principle that NMDA-enhancing treatment is a promising approach for the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia." | 5.12 | D-alanine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. ( Chang, YC; Chong, MY; Tsai, GE; Yang, P, 2006) |
| "Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic that may cause weight gain and metabolic syndrome in some cases." | 3.75 | The association of olanzapine-induced weight gain with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia. ( Akin, F; Aydin, N; Barlas, O; Erdal, M; Herken, H; Karadag, F; Sengul, C, 2009) |
| " As a consequence, we conclude that clinical efficacy associated with chronic administration of sodium benzoate in schizophrenic and Alzheimer's patients is likely not mediated through inhibition of DAAO." | 1.48 | Lack of Effect of Sodium Benzoate at Reported Clinical Therapeutic Concentration on d-Alanine Metabolism in Dogs. ( DeVivo, M; Popiolek, M; Steyn, SJ; Tierney, B, 2018) |
| " Mice treated with PGW5 (25 and 50mg/kg/d) for 28 days did not show toxic effects in terms of weight gain and blood-chemistry analysis." | 1.40 | A novel analog of olanzapine linked to sarcosinyl moiety (PGW5) demonstrates high efficacy and good safety profile in mouse models of schizophrenia. ( Bidder, M; Gil-Ad, I; Kramer, M; Portnoy, M; Taler, M; Tarasenko, I; Weizman, A, 2014) |
| "The etiology of schizophrenia has been suggested to be associated with the dysfunction of the glutamatergic system." | 1.33 | No association between the ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate 3 gene ser310ala polymorphism and schizophrenia. ( Chen, JY; Lai, IC; Liou, YJ; Wang, YC, 2005) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 4 (11.76) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 4 (11.76) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 19 (55.88) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 7 (20.59) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Popiolek, M | 1 |
| Tierney, B | 1 |
| Steyn, SJ | 1 |
| DeVivo, M | 1 |
| Gil-Ad, I | 1 |
| Portnoy, M | 1 |
| Tarasenko, I | 1 |
| Bidder, M | 1 |
| Kramer, M | 1 |
| Taler, M | 1 |
| Weizman, A | 1 |
| Kang, SG | 1 |
| Choi, JE | 1 |
| An, H | 1 |
| Park, YM | 1 |
| Lee, HJ | 1 |
| Han, C | 1 |
| Kim, YK | 1 |
| Kim, SH | 1 |
| Cho, SN | 1 |
| Joe, SH | 1 |
| Jung, IK | 1 |
| Kim, L | 1 |
| Lee, MS | 1 |
| Beasley, CL | 1 |
| Dwork, AJ | 1 |
| Rosoklija, G | 1 |
| Mann, JJ | 1 |
| Mancevski, B | 1 |
| Jakovski, Z | 1 |
| Davceva, N | 1 |
| Tait, AR | 1 |
| Straus, SK | 1 |
| Honer, WG | 1 |
| Herken, H | 1 |
| Erdal, M | 1 |
| Aydin, N | 1 |
| Sengul, C | 1 |
| Karadag, F | 1 |
| Barlas, O | 1 |
| Akin, F | 1 |
| Hatano, T | 1 |
| Ohnuma, T | 2 |
| Sakai, Y | 2 |
| Shibata, N | 2 |
| Maeshima, H | 2 |
| Hanzawa, R | 2 |
| Suzuki, T | 1 |
| Arai, H | 2 |
| Chen, CH | 1 |
| Lu, ML | 1 |
| Kuo, PH | 1 |
| Chen, PY | 1 |
| Chiu, CC | 1 |
| Kao, CF | 1 |
| Huang, MC | 1 |
| das Neves Duarte, JM | 1 |
| Kulak, A | 1 |
| Gholam-Razaee, MM | 1 |
| Cuenod, M | 1 |
| Gruetter, R | 1 |
| Do, KQ | 1 |
| Duncan, GE | 1 |
| Koller, BH | 1 |
| Moy, SS | 1 |
| Higa, M | 1 |
| Kitazawa, M | 1 |
| Hotta, Y | 1 |
| Katsuta, N | 1 |
| Takebayashi, Y | 1 |
| Sazci, A | 1 |
| Ergül, E | 1 |
| Güzelhan, Y | 1 |
| Kaya, G | 1 |
| Kara, I | 1 |
| Liao, DL | 1 |
| Hong, CJ | 2 |
| Chen, HM | 1 |
| Chen, YE | 1 |
| Lee, SM | 1 |
| Chang, CY | 1 |
| Chen, H | 1 |
| Tsai, SJ | 2 |
| Tunbridge, E | 1 |
| Burnet, PW | 1 |
| Sodhi, MS | 1 |
| Harrison, PJ | 1 |
| Pan, GM | 1 |
| Williams, NM | 1 |
| Preece, A | 1 |
| Spurlock, G | 1 |
| Norton, N | 1 |
| Williams, HJ | 1 |
| McCreadie, RG | 1 |
| Buckland, P | 1 |
| Sharkey, V | 1 |
| Chowdari, KV | 1 |
| Zammit, S | 1 |
| Nimgaonkar, V | 1 |
| Kirov, G | 1 |
| Owen, MJ | 1 |
| O'Donovan, MC | 1 |
| Lee, SG | 1 |
| Joo, Y | 1 |
| Kim, B | 1 |
| Chung, S | 2 |
| Kim, HL | 1 |
| Lee, I | 1 |
| Choi, B | 1 |
| Kim, C | 1 |
| Song, K | 1 |
| Lai, IC | 1 |
| Liou, YJ | 1 |
| Chen, JY | 1 |
| Wang, YC | 1 |
| Tsai, GE | 1 |
| Yang, P | 1 |
| Chang, YC | 1 |
| Chong, MY | 1 |
| Pae, CU | 2 |
| Ventriglia, M | 1 |
| Scassellati, C | 1 |
| Bonvicini, C | 1 |
| Squitti, R | 1 |
| Bevacqua, MG | 1 |
| Foresti, G | 1 |
| Tura, GB | 1 |
| Gennarelli, M | 1 |
| Hitzeroth, A | 1 |
| Niehaus, DJ | 1 |
| Koen, L | 1 |
| Botes, WC | 1 |
| Deleuze, JF | 1 |
| Warnich, L | 1 |
| Kim, TS | 1 |
| Patkar, AA | 1 |
| Kim, JJ | 1 |
| Lee, CU | 1 |
| Lee, SJ | 1 |
| Jun, TY | 1 |
| Lee, C | 1 |
| Paik, IH | 1 |
| Chang, L | 1 |
| Friedman, J | 1 |
| Ernst, T | 1 |
| Zhong, K | 1 |
| Tsopelas, ND | 1 |
| Davis, K | 1 |
| Shim, SS | 1 |
| Hammonds, MD | 1 |
| Kee, BS | 1 |
| Hong, JP | 1 |
| Lee, JS | 1 |
| Jung, J | 1 |
| Yoo, HK | 1 |
| Chang, SM | 1 |
| Kim, CY | 1 |
| Goff, DC | 1 |
| Tsai, G | 1 |
| Beal, MF | 1 |
| Coyle, JT | 1 |
| Semba, J | 1 |
| Wei, J | 1 |
| Hemmings, GP | 1 |
| Middleton, FA | 1 |
| Mirnics, K | 1 |
| Pierri, JN | 1 |
| Lewis, DA | 1 |
| Levitt, P | 1 |
| Korpi, ER | 1 |
| Kaufmann, CA | 1 |
| Marnela, KM | 1 |
| Weinberger, DR | 1 |
| Perry, TL | 2 |
| Diamond, S | 1 |
| Hansen, S | 2 |
| Stedman, D | 1 |
| Hofmann, G | 1 |
| Kryspin-Exner, K | 1 |
| Lesk, D | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Supplement N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a Novel Complementary Medicine to Improve Cognitive Disfunction in Schizophrenia[NCT01885338] | Phase 1 | 26 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Muscarinic M1 Receptor Availability and Cognition in Schizophrenia[NCT05105542] | Phase 2 | 18 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-04-20 | Recruiting | ||
| Pilot Study of Glycine Augmentation in Carriers of a Mutation in the Gene Encoding Glycine Decarboxylase[NCT01720316] | Phase 2 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-12-10 | Completed | ||
| Targeting a Genetic Mutation in Glycine Metabolism With D-cycloserine[NCT02304432] | Early Phase 1 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-27 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Auditory evoked potentials amplitude: P50 ratio (S2/S1). Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) |
|---|---|
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) Baseline: Subject 2 | 44.51 |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 35.67 |
Auditory evoked potentials amplitude: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz; P50 S1 and S2 amplitude; mismatch negativity (MMN) at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | microvolts (Number) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 amplitude at fz | P300 amplitude at cz | P300 amplitude at pz | N100 amplitude at fz | N100 amplitude at cz | P200 amplitude at fz | P200 amplitude at cz | P50 S1 amplitude | P50 S2 amplitude | MMN amplitude at fz | MMN amplitude at cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 3.74 | 6.6 | 5.57 | -4.71 | -3.89 | 6.29 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 0.78 | -1.004 | -1.322 |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) Baseline: Subject 2 | -0.635 | 6.53 | 5.34 | -3.93 | -3.62 | 1.662 | 6.59 | 2.76 | 1.23 | -3.356 | -4.13 |
Auditory evoked potentials gamma: G40 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G20 hz phase locking response at fz and cz G30 hz phase locking response at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | microvolts squared (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G40 fz | G40 cz | G20 fz | G20 cz | G30 fz | G30 cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Gamma 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 0.255 | 0.29 | 0.107 | 0.108 | 0.177 | 0.242 |
| Auditory ERPs Gamma Baseline: Subject 2 | 0.135 | 0.168 | 0.023 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.163 |
Auditory evoked potentials latency: P300 at fz, cz, and pz); N100 at fz and cz); P200 at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | msec (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 latency at fz | P300 latency at cz | P300 latency at pz | N100 latency at fz | N100 latency at cz | P200 latency at fz | P200 latency at cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Latency (ms) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 300.78 | 293 | 294.92 | 94 | 94 | 205 | 203 |
| Auditory ERPs Latency (ms) Baseline: Subject 2 | 279.3 | 279.3 | 279.3 | 97.66 | 91.8 | 197.27 | 193.4 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy GABA/Cr. Participants were assessed 1) pre-glycine treatment (baseline) and 2) in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline GABA/Cr | Week 6 of glycine tx GABA/Cr | |
| Subject1: Brain GABA/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.16 | 0.22 |
| Subject2: Brain GABA/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.27 | 0.24 |
magnetic resonance spectroscopy - glutamate metabolite level. Participants were assessed 1) pre-glycine treatment and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. Measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline brain glutamate/Cr ratio | Week 6 brain glutamate/Cr ratio | |
| Subject1: Brain Glutamate/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.98 | 0.84 |
| Subject2: Brain Glutamate/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 2.053 | 1.13 |
magnetic resonance spectroscopy: glycine/creatine ratio. Participants were assessed at 1) BASELINE PRE-GLYCINE TREATMENT: pre-glycine challenge drink, 60 minutes post challenge drink, 80 minutes post challenge drink, 100 minutes post challenge drink, and 120 minutes post challenge drink (0.4 g/kg up to max of 30 g); and 2) IN WEEK 6 OF OPEN-LABEL GLYCINE TREATMENT: pre-glycine dose, and 60 minutes, 80 minutes, 100 minutes and 120 minutes post daily dose of glycine. Measured in posterior occipital cortex (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline (pre-challenge, 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes post-challenge), and week 6 of glycine (pre-dose and 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes post-dose
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline - pre-challenge drink | Baseline 60 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 80 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 100 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 120 minutes post challenge drink | Week 6 of glycine - pre-glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 60 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 80 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 100 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 120 minutes post glycine dose | |
| Subject 2:Brain Glycine/CR Ratio at Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.5691 | 0.3918 | 0.6428 | 0.6363 | 0.9559 | 0.3235 | 0.3807 | 0.5591 | 0.4142 | 0.3545 |
| Subject1: Brain Glycine/CR Ratio at Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.2558 | 0.6157 | 0.6631 | 0.5938 | 0.6953 | 0.6573 | 0.2983 | 0.4577 | 0.5751 | 0.3842 |
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within and after each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPRS at baseline | BPRS at 2 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS at 4 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS at 6 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS, end of washout1 | BPRS at 2 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS at 4 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS at 6 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS, end of washout2 | BPRS at 2 weeks open label | BPRS at 4 weeks open label | BPRS at 6 weeks open label | BPRS, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 39 | 38 | 32 | 21 | 22 | 37 | 31 | 37 | 32 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 19 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 46 | 38 | 39 | 28 | 34 | 32 | 20 | 23 | 24 | 20 | 18 | 19 | 23 |
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: CGI at baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks per treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CGI severity score at baseline | CGI severity score at 2 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score at 4 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score at 6 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score, end of washout1 | CGI severity score at 2 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score at 4 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score at 6 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score, end of washout2 | CGI severity score at 2 weeks open label | CGI severity score at 4 weeks open label | CGI severity score at 6 weeks open label | CGI severity score, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) therapeutic effect scores measure degree of improvement as marked (1), moderate (5), minimal (9) or unchanged/worse (13). (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | score (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 13 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Hamilton Depression Scale measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of ratings for 9 depression symptoms are measured on a scale from 0-2 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for 1 depression symptom is measured on a scale from 0-3 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms are measured on a scale from 0-4 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression symptoms at baseline | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms, end of washout1 | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms, end of washout2 | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Depression symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 18 | 17 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 19 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 12 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Plasma glycine levels; normal range is 122-467 nM/mL (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: At baseline, during glycine treatment, during placebo treatment and during open-label glycine
| Intervention | nM/mL (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Glycine double-blind | Placebo | Glycine open-label | |
| Glycine Then Placebo | 216 | 410 | 194 | 516 |
| Placebo Then Glycine | 271 | 761 | 347 | 634 |
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale from 0-4 and the sum of 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale from 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manic symptoms at baseline | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms, end of washout1 | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms, end of washout2 | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Manic symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 7 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Scores on each of 8 domains of cognitive function (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning/problem solving, social cognition, overall composite). Scores are T scores ranging from 0-100, with 50 representing the mean for a population based on a normal distribution; standard deviation of 10. Only overall composite score is entered. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: At baseline, during glycine treatment, during placebo treatment and during open-label glycine
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Participant 1 | Participant 2 | |
| Baseline | 45 | 48 |
| Composite Score on Glycine, Double-blind | 52 | 52 |
| Composite Score on Glycine, Open-label | 49 | 46 |
| Composite Score on Placebo | 52 | 55 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms are measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period and after each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive symptoms at baseline | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms, end of washout1 | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms, end of washout2 | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Positive symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 13 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 19 | 20 | 19 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
Auditory evoked potential amplitude: P50 ratio (P50 S2/S1) (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| P50 ratio: Baseline | P50 ratio: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 44.51 | 30 |
Auditory evoked potential amplitude: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz; P50 S1 and S2; mismatch negativity (MMN) at fz and cz. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | microvolts (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 at fz: Baseline | P300 at cz: Baseline | P300 at pz: Baseline | N100 at fz: Baseline | N100 at cz: Baseline | P200 at fz: Baseline | P200 at cz: Baseline | P50 S1: Baseline | P50 S2: Baseline | MMN at fz: Baseline | MMN at cz: Baseline | P300 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at pz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P50 S1: Week 8 of DCS | P50 S2: Week 8 of DCS | MMN at fz: Week 8 of DCS | MMN at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | -0.635 | 6.529 | 5.340 | -3.926 | -3.615 | 1.662 | 6.591 | 2.759 | 1.23 | -3.356 | -4.130 | 3.030 | 6.810 | 6.620 | -3.260 | -3.940 | 8.200 | 8.160 | 1.36 | 0.4 | -3.330 | -1.540 |
Auditory evoked potential gamma: G40 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G30 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G20 hz phase locking at fz and cz (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | microvolts squared (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G40 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G40 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G30 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G30 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G20 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G20 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G40 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G40 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | G30 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G30 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | G20 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G20 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 0.135 | 0.168 | 0.190 | 0.163 | 0.023 | 0.030 | 0.344 | 0.381 | 0.168 | 0.19 | 0.01 | -0.01 |
Auditory evoked potential latency: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | msec (Number) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 at fz: Baseline | P300 at cz: Baseline | P300 at pz: Baseline | N100 at fz: Baseline | N100 at cz: Baseline | P200 at fz: Baseline | P200 at cz: Baseline | P300 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at pz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 279.297 | 279.297 | 279.297 | 97.656 | 91.797 | 197.266 | 193.359 | 294.920 | 294.000 | 294 | 87.9 | 88.000 | 212.890 | 212.000 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4T: brain glycine/CR ratio. Participants were assessed at baseline (pre-glycine challenge dose and 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes post glycine dose) and in week 8 of of open-label DCS treatment: pre-DCS dose, and 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes post DCS dose. Measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | ratio (Median) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Baseline at 60 minutes | Baseline at 80 minutes | Baseline at 100 minutes | Baseline at 120 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: Baseline | Week 8 of DCS: 60 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 80 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 100 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 120 minutes | |
| Open Label DCS | 0.41245 | 0.50375 | 0.65295 | 0.61505 | 0.8256 | 0.10977 | 0.248885 | 0.32609 | 0.32052 | 0.312155 |
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline BPRS | 2 weeks BPRS | 4 weeks BPRS | 6 weeks BPRS | 8 weeks BPRS | 10 weeks BPRS | 12 weeks BPRS | 14 weeks BPRS | 16 weeks BPRS | 18 weeks BPRS | 20 weeks BPRS | 22 weeks BPRS | 24 weeks BPRS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 37 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 24.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 31.5 | 30.5 | 28 | 25.5 | 26 | 26.5 | 26 | 25.5 | 28.5 | 27 | 25 | 24.5 | 26.5 |
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline BPRS for first intervention | 2 weeks BPRS for first intervention | 4 weeks BPRS for first intervention | 6 weeks BPRS for first intervention | Baseline BPRS for second intervention | 2 weeks BPRS for second intervention | 4 weeks BPRS for second intervention | 6 weeks BPRS for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 26 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 39 | 45 | 45 | 38 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 29 | 35 | 33 | 35 | 36 | 30 | 27 | 28 |
CGI severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline CGI | 2 weeks CGI | 4 weeks CGI | 6 weeks CGI | 8 weeks CGI | 10 weeks CGI | 12 weeks CGI | 14 weeks CGI | 16 weeks CGI | 18 weeks CGI | 20 weeks CGI | 22 weeks CGI | 24 weeks CGI | |
| First Open Label DCS | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
CGI severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline CGI for first intervention | 2 weeks CGI for first intervention | 4 weeks CGI for first intervention | 6 weeks CGI for first intervention | Baseline CGI for second intervention | 2 weeks CGI for second intervention | 4 weeks CGI for second intervention | 6 weeks CGI for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM) measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 9 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-2 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for one depression symptom is measured on a scale of 0-3 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-4, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. Higher scores indicate worse depression symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HAM | 2 weeks HAM | 4 weeks HAM | 6 weeks HAM | 8 weeks HAM | 10 weeks HAM | 12 weeks HAM | 14 weeks HAM | 16 weeks HAM | 18 weeks HAM | 20 weeks HAM | 22 weeks HAM | 24 weeks HAM | |
| First Open Label DCS | 5 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM) measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 9 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-2 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for one depression symptom is measured on a scale of 0-3 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-4, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. Higher scores indicate worse depression symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HAM for first intervention | 2 weeks HAM for first intervention | 4 weeks HAM for first intervention | 6 weeks HAM for first intervention | Baseline HAM for second intervention | 2 weeks HAM for second intervention | 4 weeks HAM for second intervention | 6 weeks HAM for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 4 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-4 and the sumof 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline YMRS | 2 weeks YMRS | 4 weeks YMRS | 6 weeks YMRS | 8 weeks YMRS | 10 weeks YMRS | 12 weeks YMRS | 14 weeks YMRS | 16 weeks YMRS | 18 weeks YMRS | 20 weeks YMRS | 22 weeks YMRS | 24 weeks YMRS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-4 and the sumof 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline YMRS for first intervention | 2 weeks YMRS for first intervention | 4 weeks YMRS for first intervention | 6 weeks YMRS for first intervention | Baseline YMRS for second intervention | 2 weeks YMRS for second intervention | 4 weeks YMRS for second intervention | 6 weeks YMRS for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Scores on each of 8 domains of cognitive function (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning/problem solving, social cognition, overall composite). Scores are T scores ranging from 0-100, with 50 representing the mean for a population based on a normal distribution, standard deviation of 10. Higher scores signify better functioning. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of open-label DCS treatment
| Intervention | T scores (Median) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Processing Speed | Baseline Attention/Vigilance | Baseline Working Memory | Baseline Verbal Learning | Baseline Visual Learning | Baseline Reasoning/Problem Solving | Baseline Social Cognition | Baseline Overall Composite Score | Week 8 of open-label DCS Processing Speed | Week 8 of open-label DCS Attention/Vigilance | Week 8 of open-label DCS Working Memory | Week 8 of open-label DCS Verbal Learning | Week 8 of open-label DCS Visual Learning | Week 8 of open-label DCS Reasoning/Problem Solving | Week 8 of open-label DCS Social Cognition | Week 8 of open-label DCS Overall Composite Score | |
| Open Label DCS | 48.5 | 44.5 | 38.5 | 54 | 50.5 | 52.5 | 48 | 46.5 | 52.5 | 47.5 | 50.5 | 43.5 | 54.5 | 66.5 | 44.5 | 51.5 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms.The sum of ratings for seven negative symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline positive | Baseline negative | 2 weeks positive | 2 weeks negative | 4 weeks positive | 4 weeks negative | 6 weeks positive | 6 weeks negative | 8 weeks positive | 8 weeks negative | 10 weeks positive | 10 weeks negative | 12 weeks positive | 12 weeks negative | 14 weeks positive | 14 weeks negative | 16 weeks positive | 16 weeks negative | 18 weeks positive | 18 weeks negative | 20 weeks positive | 20 weeks negative | 22 weeks positive | 22 weeks negative | 24 weeks positive | 24 weeks negative | |
| First Open Label DCS | 14.5 | 14.5 | 10 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 11 | 14 | 11 | 14 | 10.5 | 13.5 | 9 | 13 | 9.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 9.5 | 12 | 10 | 12 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms.The sum of ratings for seven negative symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline positive for first intervention | Baseline negative symptoms for first intervention | 2 weeks positive for first intervention | 2 weeks negative for first intervention | 4 weeks positive for first intervention | 4 weeks negative for first intervention | 6 weeks positive for first intervention | 6 weeks negative for first intervention | Baseline positive for second intervention | Baseline negative for second intervention | 2 weeks positive for second intervention | 2 weeks negative for second intervention | 4 weeks positive for second intervention | 4 weeks negative for second intervention | 6 weeks positive for second intervention | 6 weeks negative for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 14 | 18 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 11 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 11 |
2 reviews available for alanine and Schizophrenia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Potentiation of the NMDA receptor in the treatment of schizophrenia: focused on the glycine site.
Topics: Acetamides; Alanine; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Cognition; Cycloserine; Dopamine Agents; Drug | 2008 |
[Glycine therapy of schizophrenia; its rationale and a review of clinical trials].
Topics: Acetamides; Alanine; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cycloserine; | 1998 |
2 trials available for alanine and Schizophrenia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Plasma alanine levels increase in patients with schizophrenia as their clinical symptoms improve-Results from the Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cluster Anal | 2010 |
D-alanine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Antipsychotic Agents; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2006 |
D-alanine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Antipsychotic Agents; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2006 |
D-alanine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Antipsychotic Agents; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2006 |
D-alanine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Antipsychotic Agents; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2006 |
30 other studies available for alanine and Schizophrenia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Lack of Effect of Sodium Benzoate at Reported Clinical Therapeutic Concentration on d-Alanine Metabolism in Dogs.
Topics: Alanine; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Benzoic Acid; Cognitive Dysfunction; D-Amino-Acid Oxidase; Dogs | 2018 |
A novel analog of olanzapine linked to sarcosinyl moiety (PGW5) demonstrates high efficacy and good safety profile in mouse models of schizophrenia.
Topics: Alanine; Amphetamine; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Anxiety; Benzodiazepines; Brain; Central Nervou | 2014 |
Manganese superoxide dismutase gene Ala-9Val polymorphism might be related to the severity of abnormal involuntary movements in Korean schizophrenic patients.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Korea; | 2008 |
Metabolic abnormalities in fronto-striatal-thalamic white matter tracts in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine; Anisotropy; Autopsy; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Diffusion Magn | 2009 |
The association of olanzapine-induced weight gain with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Antipsychotic Agents; Base Sequence; Benzodiazepines; DNA Primers; Humans; Middle Ag | 2009 |
Gender differences in the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 gene polymorphisms on metabolic adversity in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic Syndro | 2011 |
N-acetylcysteine normalizes neurochemical changes in the glutathione-deficient schizophrenia mouse model during development.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Free Radic | 2012 |
Effects of the selective kainate receptor antagonist ACET on altered sensorimotor gating in a genetic model of reduced NMDA receptor function.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Carrier Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Knockdown Tec | 2012 |
No correlation between plasma NMDA-related glutamatergic amino acid levels and cognitive function in medicated patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Biomarkers; Brief Ps | 2012 |
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Alanine; Alleles; Chi-Square Distribution; Cysteine; DNA Mutational Analysis; Gene Frequency; Geneti | 2003 |
Association of muscarinic m1 receptor genetic polymorphisms with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function in schizophrenic patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine; Case-Control Studies; Cognition; Cysteine; Female; Humans; Male; M | 2003 |
Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) mRNAs in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Analysis of Variance; Bipolar Disorder; Blotting, Southern; Case-Control Studies; Ca | 2004 |
Association study of onset age, attempted suicide, aggressive behavior, and schizophrenia with a serotonin 1B receptor (A-161T) genetic polymorphism.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aggression; Alanine; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Hu | 2004 |
Support for RGS4 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Alleles; Case-Control Studies; Chi-Square Distribution; Diagnostic and Statistical M | 2004 |
Association of Ala72Ser polymorphism with COMT enzyme activity and the risk of schizophrenia in Koreans.
Topics: Alanine; Base Sequence; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; DNA Primers; Genetic Predisposition to Disease | 2005 |
No association between the ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate 3 gene ser310ala polymorphism and schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged | 2005 |
Comments on "Association between Ala-9Val polymorphism of MnSOD gene and schizophrenia" by O. Akyol et al. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 29, 2005, 123-131.
Topics: Alanine; Humans; Polymorphism, Genetic; Schizophrenia; Superoxide Dismutase; Valine | 2006 |
No association between Ala9Val functional polymorphism of MnSOD gene and schizophrenia in a representative Italian sample.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Gen | 2006 |
Association between the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism and development of schizophrenia and abnormal involuntary movements in the Xhosa population.
Topics: Adult; Africa, Southern; Alanine; Chi-Square Distribution; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predispos | 2007 |
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD: Ala-9Val) gene polymorphism may not be associated with schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Alleles; Antipsychotic Agents; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; | 2007 |
Brain metabolite abnormalities in the white matter of elderly schizophrenic subjects: implication for glial dysfunction.
Topics: Aged; Alanine; Brain; Brain Mapping; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Ma | 2007 |
New functional single nucleotide polymorphism (Ala72Ser) in the COMT gene is associated with aggressive behavior in male schizophrenia.
Topics: Aggression; Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Genotype; Haplotypes; Ho | 2008 |
Tardive dyskinesia and substrates of energy metabolism in CSF.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Citric Acid Cycle; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; En | 1995 |
Allelic association of the MTHFR gene with schizophrenia.
Topics: Alanine; Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Female; Humans; Male; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase | 1999 |
Gene expression profiling reveals alterations of specific metabolic pathways in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Biogenic Polyamines; Female; Gen | 2002 |
Split verdict on schizophrenia.
Topics: Alanine; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; Codon; DNA; | 1992 |
Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid concentrations in chronic schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine; Amino Acids; Chronic Disease; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gl | 1987 |
Plasma-aminoacid levels in Huntington's chorea.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Isoleucine; Leucine; Male; Middle A | 1969 |
[Metabolic investigations in alcoholics].
Topics: Alanine; Alcoholism; Catalase; Citrates; Erythrocytes; Glutamates; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Keto | 1966 |
[Plasma amino acid levels in children of patients with Huntington's chorea].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease | 1972 |