dihydrouracil profile

Dihydrouracil is a cyclic pyrimidine derivative, often found in biological systems. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of thymine, a vital component of DNA. Dihydrouracil can be synthesized through various methods, including catalytic hydrogenation of uracil. It is of particular interest in the field of medicinal chemistry, as it exhibits potential therapeutic properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Further research is ongoing to explore its potential applications in various medical treatments.'

hexahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

5,6-dihydrouracil : A pyrimidine obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of uracil. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	649
CHEBI ID	15901
SCHEMBL ID	29419
SCHEMBL ID	11345853
MeSH ID	M0050602

Synonym
EN300-10815
dihydropyrimidine-2,4(1h,3h)-dione
CHEBI:15901
2,4(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione, dihydro-
hexahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione
2,3h)-pyrimidinedione, dihydro-
5,4-dihydroxypyrimidine
nsc11867
nsc-11867
5,6-dihydro-2,4(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione
2,4(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione, dihydro- (9ci)
4,5-dihydrouracil
ai3-50443
hydrouracil (8ci)
hydrouracil (6ci,8ci)
hydrouracil
504-07-4
dihydro-2,4(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione
dihydrouracil
5,6-dihydrouracil
DI-H-URACIL ,
C00429
2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine
5,6-dihydro-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine
dihydrouracile
3,4-dihydrouracil
DUC ,
DB01849
6AAFA8BE-A3E1-41A4-85F8-FBE71F510CAD
uracil, dihydro-
BMSE000425
1,3-diazinane-2,4-dione
AKOS001082457
STK677038
unii-016fr52ru5
einecs 207-982-1
nsc 11867
016fr52ru5 ,
FT-0624943
dihydropyrimidine-2,4-dione
dihydropyrimidine-dione
SCHEMBL29419
DTXSID7060122
SCHEMBL11345853
J-640180
W-202894
dihydro-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
HMS3604J13
mfcd00006029
J-800181
Z57033885
CS-W013642
HY-W012926
2,6-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrimidine
181516-96-1
5,6-dihydro uracil-13c15n2
Q409340
SY027535
dihydro uracil
AS-11656
SB57251
F11823

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Dihydrouracil (DHU) is a major base damage product formed from cytosine following exposure of DNA to ionizing radiation under anoxic conditions. "	( RNA polymerase bypass at sites of dihydrouracil: implications for transcriptional mutagenesis. Doetsch, PW; Liu, J; Zhou, W, 1995)	2.01
"Dihydrouracil (DHU) is a DNA base damage product produced in significant amounts by ionizing radiation damage to cytosine under anoxic conditions. "	( Escherichia coli RNA and DNA polymerase bypass of dihydrouracil: mutagenic potential via transcription and replication. Doetsch, PW; Liu, J, 1998)	2

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" To predict 5-FU catabolic deficiencies and toxic side effects, we conducted a prospective study of patients treated for advanced colorectal cancer by high-dose 5-FU."	( Correlation between uracil and dihydrouracil plasma ratio, fluorouracil (5-FU) pharmacokinetic parameters, and tolerance in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: A potential interest for predicting 5-FU toxicity and determining optimal 5-FU dosage. Boisdron-Celle, M; Delva, R; Gamelin, E; Genevieve, F; Guérin-Meyer, V; Ifrah, N; Larra, F; Lortholary, A; Robert, J, 1999)	0.59
"The fluoropyrimidines are commonly used in chemotherapeutic cancer medicine, but many patients still experience severe adverse side effects from these drugs."	( Severe fluoropyrimidine-related toxicity: clinical implications of DPYD analysis and UH2/U ratio evaluation. Caroti, C; Cassola, G; D'Amico, M; Di Maria, E; Faravelli, F; Forzano, F; Fucile, C; Giorgio, E; Marini, V; Martelli, A; Mattioli, F; Parodi, MI; Uliana, V, 2011)	0.37
"Sampling of saliva is a quick, noninvasive, safe and painless process that gives information about patients Ura and UH₂ levels prior to chemotherapeutical treatment."	( Pretherapeutic uracil and dihydrouracil levels in saliva of colorectal cancer patients are associated with toxicity during adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Carlsson, G; Gustavsson, B; Odin, E; Wettergren, Y, 2014)	0.7

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In addition, uridine pharmacokinetics were associated with a time-dependent relationship as evidenced by an increased total plasma clearance, renal clearance and volume of distribution, resulting in a substantial decrease in uridine peak concentration with time."	( Effects of 5-benzylacyclouridine, an inhibitor of uridine phosphorylase, on the pharmacokinetics of uridine in rhesus monkeys: implications for chemotherapy. Anderson, DC; Cretton, EM; el Kouni, MH; Kidd, LB; McClure, HM; Sommadossi, JP, 1995)	0.29
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were conducted to look for a relationship between the ratio of UH(2) to U and 5-FU metabolic outcome and tolerance."	( Correlation between uracil and dihydrouracil plasma ratio, fluorouracil (5-FU) pharmacokinetic parameters, and tolerance in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: A potential interest for predicting 5-FU toxicity and determining optimal 5-FU dosage. Boisdron-Celle, M; Delva, R; Gamelin, E; Genevieve, F; Guérin-Meyer, V; Ifrah, N; Larra, F; Lortholary, A; Robert, J, 1999)	0.59
" To determine the plasma dihydrouracil/uracil ratio (DUUR) as a potential index for setting 5-FU/FUDR doses, the authors conducted a prospective study on the relationships of the DUUR with 5-FU/FUDR pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters."	( Important role of the dihydrouracil/uracil ratio in marked interpatient variations of fluoropyrimidine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Hu, P; Jiang, H; Jiang, J; Lu, J, 2004)	0.94
" For this reason, a sensitive HPLC method for the analysis of 5-FU and 5-fluoro-5,6-dihydrouracil (5-FDHU) was developed in the present study for the determination of DPD activity in nucleated cells of peripheral blood and pharmacokinetic analysis of 5-FU and 5-FDHU in humans."	( Improved analysis of 5-Fluorouracil and 5,6-dihydro-5-Fluorouracil by HPLC with diode array detection for determination of cellular dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity and pharmacokinetic profiling. Amadori, D; Amatori, F; Bocci, G; Ciofi, L; Danesi, R; Del Tacca, M; Di Paolo, A; Falcone, A; Ibrahim, T; Lastella, M; Martelloni, BM; Vannozzi, F, 2005)	0.55
" Pharmacokinetic variables were determined using noncompartmental methods."	( The uracil breath test in the assessment of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity: pharmacokinetic relationship between expired 13CO2 and plasma [2-13C]dihydrouracil. Desmond, RA; Diasio, RB; Fourie, J; Hirao, Y; King, JR; Koga, T; Mattison, LK; Shimizu, T, 2006)	0.53
" These pharmacokinetic data further support the future use of the UraBT as a screening test to identify DPD deficiency before 5-fluorouracil-based therapy."	( The uracil breath test in the assessment of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity: pharmacokinetic relationship between expired 13CO2 and plasma [2-13C]dihydrouracil. Desmond, RA; Diasio, RB; Fourie, J; Hirao, Y; King, JR; Koga, T; Mattison, LK; Shimizu, T, 2006)	0.53
" 5-FU pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were performed using DPD circadian variation in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced CRC."	( Pre-therapeutic assessment of plasma dihydrouracil/uracil ratio for predicting the pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-fluorouracil and tumor growth in a rat model of colorectal cancer. Imoto, K; Ito, Y; Kobuchi, S; Kuwano, S; Okada, K; Takada, K, 2013)	0.66
" Furthermore, by plotting the observed pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-FU against hepatic DPD activity levels predicted by the ratio of UH2/Ura in plasma, AUC0-∞ , CLtot and half-life (t1/2 ) were closely linked to predicted hepatic DPD activity levels."	( A predictive biomarker for altered 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics following repeated administration in a rat model of colorectal cancer. Imoto, K; Ito, Y; Kobuchi, S; Kuwano, S; Nishimura, A; Okada, K; Shibata, N; Takada, K, 2013)	0.39
"7) h mg/l], elimination half-life [t 1/2 21 (SD 7) vs."	( Influence of metastatic disease on the usefulness of uracil pharmacokinetics as a screening tool for DPD activity in colorectal cancer patients. Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Maring, JG; Opdam, F; van Kuilenburg, AB; van Staveren, MC, 2015)	0.42

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" This method can be useful to evaluate the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), a rate-limiting enzyme of the chemotherapy drug fluoropyrimidine, which will be helpful in investigating subject variation of DPD and adjusting clinical dosage in pyrimidine chemotherapy."	( Measurement of endogenous uracil and dihydrouracil in plasma and urine of normal subjects by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Hu, P; Hu, Y; Jiang, H; Jiang, J, 2002)	0.59
" It displays good pharmacokinetics when dosed in rats and dogs."	( A series of 5-(5,6)-dihydrouracil substituted 8-hydroxy-[1,6]naphthyridine-7-carboxylic acid 4-fluorobenzylamide inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase and viral replication in cells. Chen, IW; Ellis, JD; Embrey, MW; Felock, PJ; Funk, TW; Gabryelski, LJ; Hazuda, DJ; Homnick, CF; Jin, L; Leonard, YM; Lin, JH; Moyer, G; Perlow, DS; Schleif, WA; Stillmock, KA; Tsou, NN; Vacca, JP; Wai, JS; Witmer, MV; Wong, BK; Young, SD; Zhuang, L, 2005)	0.65
"These cases suggest that 5-FU standard dosage administration may lead to strong overexposure, responsible for the severe toxicities observed, including the neurological features."	( 5-FU-induced neurotoxicity in cancer patients with profound DPD deficiency syndrome: a report of two cases. Ciccolini, J; Cordier, PY; Lacarelle, B; Mercier, C; Nau, A; Oliver, M; Peytel, E, 2011)	0.37
" In CRC patients receiving proper dosing regimens, plasma UH2/Ura could be an indirect biomarker for predicting 5-FU treatment efficacy, tumor growth, and 5-FU doses."	( Pre-therapeutic assessment of plasma dihydrouracil/uracil ratio for predicting the pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-fluorouracil and tumor growth in a rat model of colorectal cancer. Imoto, K; Ito, Y; Kobuchi, S; Kuwano, S; Okada, K; Takada, K, 2013)	0.66
" In addition to an appropriate dosing regimen, pretherapeutic assessment of the UH2/Ura ratio in the plasma of CRC patients and PK/PD analysis with the plasma UH2/Ura ratio could enable the development of an optimal therapeutic scheme for each patient."	( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of 5-fluorouracil by using a biomarker to predict tumor growth in a rat model of colorectal cancer. Imoto, K; Ito, Y; Kobuchi, S; Kuwano, S; Okada, K; Takada, K, 2013)	0.39
" The results suggested an influence of circadian rhythms on phenotype-guided fluoropyrimidine dosing and supported implications for chronotherapy with high-dose fluoropyrimidine administration during the night."	( Pronounced between-subject and circadian variability in thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase enzyme activity in human volunteers. Beijnen, JH; Burylo, AM; Cats, A; de Vries, N; Deenen, MJ; Huitema, AD; Jacobs, BA; Krähenbühl, MD; Meulendijks, D; Pluim, D; Rosing, H; Schellens, JH; van Geel, RM; van Hasselt, JG, 2016)	0.43
" These findings show that, when assessing plasma uracil and dihydrouracil levels for adaptive fluoropyrimidine dosing in clinical practice, sampling should be done between 8:00 h and 9:00 h after overnight fasting to avoid bias caused by circadian rhythm and food effects."	( Food-effect study on uracil and dihydrouracil plasma levels as marker for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in human volunteers. Beijnen, JH; Cats, A; de Vries, N; Guchelaar, HJ; Henricks, LM; Huitema, ADR; Jacobs, BAW; Meulendijks, D; Pluim, D; Rosing, H; Schellens, JHM; van den Broek, D, 2018)	1.01

Role	Description
metabolite	Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
pyrimidone	A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Metabolism	1496	1108
Nucleotide metabolism	89	125
Nucleotide catabolism	36	71
Pyrimidine catabolism	10	25
DNA Repair	255	47
Base Excision Repair	35	23
Base-Excision Repair, AP Site Formation	17	16
Depyrimidination	15	9
Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine	10	9
Pyrimidine Metabolism	23	53
beta-Alanine Metabolism	9	27
GABA-Transaminase Deficiency	9	27
beta-Ureidopropionase Deficiency	23	53
UMP Synthase Deficiency (Orotic Aciduria)	23	53
Dihydropyrimidinase Deficiency	23	53
MNGIE (Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy)	23	53
Ureidopropionase Deficiency	9	27
Carnosinuria, Carnosinemia	9	27
uracil degradation I (reductive)	2	11
Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism ( Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )	45	49
NADP+ + 5,6-Dihydro-uracil = NADPH + Uracil ( Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )	1	4
5,6-Dihydro-uracil + H2O = Ureido-propanoic acid ( Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )	1	3
Biomarkers for pyrimidine metabolism disorders	14	32
Renz2020 - GEM of Human alveolar macrophage with SARS-CoV-2	0	490
uracil degradation	3	10
uracil degradation I (reductive)	9	19
superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleosides degradation	13	17
uracil degradation II (reductive)	3	10
AtMetExpress overview	0	109
Biochemical pathways: part I	0	466
Pyrimidine metabolism	0	38
Pyrimidine metabolism and related diseases	18	44
Beta-alanine biosynthesis III	3	9

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	22 (16.92)	18.7374
1990's	22 (16.92)	18.2507
2000's	35 (26.92)	29.6817
2010's	37 (28.46)	24.3611
2020's	14 (10.77)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	8 (5.93%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (1.48%)	6.00%
Case Studies	13 (9.63%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.74%)	0.25%
Other	111 (82.22%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
n-carbamoyl-beta-alanine N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine : A beta-alanine derivative that is propionic acid bearing a ureido group at position 3.	8.46	8	0	beta-alanine derivative	metabolite; mouse metabolite
adenine [no description available]	2.69	3	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
beta-alanine [no description available]	3.84	12	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
cytosine [no description available]	8.81	3	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	6.93	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.41	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	2.38	2	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	2	1	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	1.99	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
thymine [no description available]	5.23	16	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	11.92	128	8	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.87	4	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	1.98	1	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	7.55	37	4	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	2.05	1	0	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tegafur [no description available]	3.82	2	1	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	9.08	3	1	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.02	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	8.2	6	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	1.95	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
uridine [no description available]	5.09	10	1	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	2.37	2	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	1.96	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytidine [no description available]	2.69	3	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.47	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	1.95	1	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
cyanuric acid cyanuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocyanuric acid : The keto tautomer of cyanuric acid.. cyanuric acid : The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.	2.05	1	0	1,3,5-triazinanes; 1,3,5-triazines; heteroaryl hydroxy compound	xenobiotic
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	1.96	1	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
pentoxyl Pentoxyl: 5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. Synonyms: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil.	1.96	1	0	pyrimidone
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	2.36	2	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.7	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
tetranitromethane [no description available]	1.96	1	0	organonitrogen compound
succinimide succinimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. succinimide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5.	1.99	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine: metabolite of HCFU & 5-fluorouracil; structure in first source	2.46	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pseudouridine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	pseudouridines	fundamental metabolite
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	1.96	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	2.1	1	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	1.98	1	0	dihydrogen
5-benzylacyclouridine 5-benzylacyclouridine: structure given in first source. 5-benzyl-1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)uracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl group at position 1 and a benzyl group at position 5.	1.98	1	0	hydroxyether; primary alcohol; pyrimidone
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	4.92	7	1	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	1.98	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
5-methylhydantoin 5-methylhydantoin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.39	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
glutarimide [no description available]	1.98	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones
5-hydroxyuracil 5-hydroxyuracil: used in treatment of colonic adenocarcinoma	2.25	1	0	hydroxypyrimidine
1-nitroso-5,6-dihydrouracil N-nitrosodihydrouracil: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
2,8-dihydroxyadenine 2,8-dihydroxyadenine: xanthine oxidase reacted adenine metabolite in epidermis of hairless mice; component of urinary stores; structure. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 8. It is a highly insoluble metabolite of adenine that causes radiolucent urolithiasis. It is produced by individuals who suffer from adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive error of purine metabolism.	1.98	1	0	6-aminopurines; diol; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; oxopurine	human urinary metabolite; mammalian metabolite; mouse metabolite; nephrotoxic agent
5,6-dihydrothymine 5,6-dihydrothymine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dihydrothymine : A pyrimidone obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of thymine.	3.08	5	0	pyrimidone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,6-dihydrouridine dihydrouridine : The uridine derivative obtained by formal hydrogenation of the endocyclic double bond in the uracil ring.	2.02	1	0	uridines	biomarker
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.43	2	0	pyrimidine ribonucleosides
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.1	1	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
5-fluorodihydrouracil 5-fluorodihydrouracil: metabolite of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.44	2	0	pyrimidone
alpha-fluoro-beta-ureidopropionic acid alpha-fluoro-beta-ureidopropionic acid: fluorouracil metabolite; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	carboxylic acid; organohalogen compound
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	3.77	3	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	1.96	1	0
lenalidomide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.06	1	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
potassium oxonate potassium oxonate: used to induce hyperuricemia in mice	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
nadp [no description available]	2.4	2	0
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.	6.98	1	0
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.57	2	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.1	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	1.95	1	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	7.54	2	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.39	2	0
succinyladenosine succinyladenosine: found in body fluids of children with severe psychomotor delay & autism; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. succinyladenosine : An aspartic acid derivative that is L-aspartic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by a 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-yl group.	1.98	1	0	adenosines; amino dicarboxylic acid; L-aspartic acid derivative	metabolite
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	7.08	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
gimeracil gimeracil: a biochemical and pharmacological modulator of 5-FU	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
s 1 (combination) S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer	2.05	1	0
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	2.06	1	0
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	4.36	2	2	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
guanine [no description available]	3.13	5	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	1.96	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.	2.73	3	0	oxopurine

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	3.33	2	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	3.33	2	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.25	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.55	8	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.55	8	0
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency An autosomal recessive disorder affecting DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE and causing familial pyrimidinemia. It is characterized by thymine-uraciluria in homozygous deficient patients. Even a partial deficiency in the enzyme leaves individuals at risk for developing severe 5-FLUOROURACIL-associated toxicity.	10.49	14	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	2.77	3	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	6.24	12	3
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	4.92	8	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	6.24	12	3
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	2.74	3	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.89	2	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.89	2	1
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	2.08	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.4	2	0
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	7.11	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.11	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.11	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.05	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Benign Frontal Childhood Epilepsy [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.06	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2.07	1	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	2.07	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	2.07	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	7.07	1	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	2.01	1	0
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Gestational Trophoblastic diseases that are malignant. It does not include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE. However, there is a minority of authors that consider the term gestational trophoblastic neoplasia synonymous with gestational trophoblastic disease.	3.4	1	1
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease A group of diseases arising from pregnancy that are commonly associated with hyperplasia of trophoblasts (TROPHOBLAST) and markedly elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. They include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, invasive mole (HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, INVASIVE), placental-site trophoblastic tumor (TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR, PLACENTAL SITE), and CHORIOCARCINOMA. These neoplasms have varying propensities for invasion and spread.	3.4	1	1
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	1.96	1	0
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors [description not available]	4.29	7	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	1.99	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	1.99	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	1.99	1	0
Cockayne Syndrome A syndrome characterized by multiple system abnormalities including DWARFISM; PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDERS; PREMATURE AGING; and HEARING LOSS. It is caused by mutations of a number of autosomal recessive genes encoding proteins that involve transcriptional-coupled DNA REPAIR processes. Cockayne syndrome is classified by the severity and age of onset. Type I (classical; CSA) is early childhood onset in the second year of life; type II (congenital; CSB) is early onset at birth with severe symptoms; type III (xeroderma pigmentosum; XP) is late childhood onset with mild symptoms.	2	1	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	2.92	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	3.39	1	1
Pyrexia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	1.97	1	0

dihydrouracil

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Research Demand Index: 37.41

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