Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Milk Fever, Animal

A disease of pregnant and lactating cows and ewes leading to generalized paresis and death. The disease, which is characterized by hypocalcemia, occurs at or shortly after parturition in cows and within weeks before or after parturition in ewes.

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
Parturient Paresis
Milk Fever, Animal

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (241)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-1990106 (43.98)23.3326
1990's51 (21.16)12.5806
2000's57 (23.65)18.1394
2010's24 (9.96)28.8240
2020's3 (1.24)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
acetone0low10
choline0low10
chlorine0medium71
hydrochloric acid0low20
3-hydroxybutyric acid0medium42
glycerol0low10
hydrogen carbonate0low30
propylene glycol0low20
propionic acid0medium32
sulfuric acid0low10
urea0low10
halothane0low10
phenylbutazone0low10
hydroxyproline0medium111
estrone0low20
alanine0low10
tubocurarine0low10
kanamycin a0low10
edetic acid0low30
egtazic acid0low10
xanthenes0low10
calcium gluconate0low10
betamethasone0low10
limestone0low20
copper gluconate0low10
calcium lactate0low20
d-alpha tocopherol0low20
flumethasone0low10
streptomycin0low10
calcium propionate0medium32
magnesium sulfate0low10
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt0medium53
calcium sulfate0low20
chlorine0low20
ozone0low10
ammonium chloride0low30
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate0low10
fluorides0low10
pyridinoline0low10
deoxypyridinoline0low20
melengestrol acetate0low10
benzofurans0low10
retinol0low20
potassium bicarbonate0low10
glycosides0low10
dinoprostone0low10
dinoprost0low30
calcitriol0medium271
beta carotene0low10
vitamin d 20low10
cholecalciferol0medium101
dinoprost tromethamine0low10
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin f2alpha0low10
naloxone0low20
cloprostenol0medium11
cytochalasin b0low10
sulfur0low20
phosphorus0medium642
ammonium sulfate0low10
selenium0low20
clinoptilolite0low10
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 30low20
fura red0low10
zeolites0low50
acid phosphatase0low30
gastrins0low10
beta-endorphin0low10
aluminum lactate0low10
glycolipids0low10
salicylates0medium11
borogluconate0medium81
vitamin b 120medium11
folic acid0medium11
leptin0low10

Protein Targets (425)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Protein skinhead-10101
Monocarboxylate transporter 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200303
Solute carrier family 22 member 60303
TDP1 protein9009
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]110011
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha140014
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 27007
lamin isoform A-delta10110011
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE6006
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE9009
Carbonic anhydrase 10608
Carbonic anhydrase 20608
Alanine racemase, biosynthetic0001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0202
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10202
Adenosine deaminase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 40002
Chain A, Ferritin light chain4004
phosphopantetheinyl transferase4004
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1110011
arylsulfatase A3003
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2100010
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 14004
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
lethal factor (plasmid)2002
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60011
Excitatory amino acid transporter 40101
Glutamate transporter homolog0011
N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase0101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 10101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 20101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20011
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
core protein, partial0101
geminin120012
peripheral myelin protein 225005
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 13003
Bile salt export pump013013
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10202
regulator of G-protein signaling 44004
pregnane X receptor3003
GLI family zinc finger 3110011
AR protein150015
progesterone receptor5005
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 45005
farnesoid X nuclear receptor4004
pregnane X nuclear receptor9009
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha200020
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor8008
IDH13003
aryl hydrocarbon receptor1001
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a4004
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 23003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a3003
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 24004
galanin receptor type 30101
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 19009
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30707
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40709
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit3003
Glucocorticoid receptor0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Glutamate receptor 23003
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10707
ORF730011
Chain A, Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase4004
Vitamin D3 receptor0011
USP1 protein, partial7007
PPM1D protein1001
Microtubule-associated protein tau7007
thioredoxin glutathione reductase4004
mitogen-activated protein kinase 15005
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 15005
Interferon beta4004
Vitamin D-binding protein0011
Cytochrome P450 1A20001
Cytochrome P450 3A40214
Androgen receptor0101
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Vitamin D3 receptor0239
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0304
Vitamin D3 receptor0113
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0011
Cytochrome P450 2C190101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0224
Vitamin D3 receptor0022
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial0011
Vitamin D3 receptor0112
Transporter0101
Vitamin D3 receptor A0022
Cellular tumor antigen p53120012
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1100010
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
Carbonic anhydrase 40606
Carbonic anhydrase0505
Carbonic anhydrase 150303
Chain A, HADH2 protein6006
Chain B, HADH2 protein6006
Chain A, Cruzipain5005
Luciferase3003
interleukin 82002
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha8008
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta4004
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma4004
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 15005
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA7007
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 12002
survival motor neuron protein isoform d4004
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi4004
60 kDa chaperonin0202
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta4004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-24004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-54004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-34004
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-24004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-44004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-34004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-64004
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma3003
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-34004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-24004
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0202
60 kDa chaperonin 0202
10 kDa chaperonin 0202
GABA theta subunit4004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon4004
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Putative Glycine Betaine-binding Abc Transporter Protein0011
Chain A, PUTATIVE GLYCINE BETAINE-BINDING ABC TRANSPORTER PROTEIN0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Choline-binding protein0011
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M11001
Solute carrier family 22 member 10102
Solute carrier family 22 member 20104
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0003
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 10101
Choline O-acetyltransferase 0001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-90101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70101
Solute carrier family 22 member 10102
High affinity choline transporter 10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-100101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20102
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase2002
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0202
Thromboxane A2 receptor 0224
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0437
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0415
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor0437
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0437
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0415
Prostacyclin receptor0415
Prostaglandin D2 receptor0202
glp-1 receptor, partial3003
thioredoxin reductase2002
Smad31001
PINK11001
67.9K protein1001
Parkin2002
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B2002
neutrophil cytosol factor 10101
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
chromobox protein homolog 16006
ras-related protein Rab-9A2002
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)5005
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor2002
plasminogen precursor2002
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor2002
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 10101
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 30101
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 40101
activating transcription factor 65005
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a3003
heat shock protein beta-12002
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
snurportin-11001
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 35005
Glutathione S-transferase P0101
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein0011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor0202
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor0011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10103
Solute carrier family 22 member 60002
Solute carrier family 22 member 70002
Solute carrier family 22 member 80103
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10103
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 110002
Solute carrier family 22 member 70002
glucocerebrosidase2002
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor4004
high affinity choline transporter 1 isoform a0101
SMAD family member 23003
SMAD family member 33003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype1001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50001
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0112
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B20001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit1001
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma7007
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 37007
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
Histone H2A.x2002
Eyes absent homolog 20101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0202
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 0101
Histamine H2 receptor2002
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase2002
endonuclease IV2002
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
NFKB1 protein, partial1001
GALC protein1001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)3003
nonstructural protein 12002
G3003
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 3003
Estrogen receptor0214
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Steryl-sulfatase0101
Aromatase0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10203
Androgen receptor0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Mu-type opioid receptor0235
Alpha-synuclein1203
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10101
Mu-type opioid receptor0224
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
TAR DNA-binding protein 433003
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 13003
Estrogen receptor beta0113
Ghrelin O-acyltransferase0101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20101
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial3003
acetylcholinesterase2002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 51001
Ataxin-21001
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase1001
acid sphingomyelinase1001
alpha-galactosidase1001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
DNA polymerase beta1001
Thymidylate synthase0202
Thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0001
Multidrug resistance associated protein0001
Chain B, EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E0011
Albumin0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
Carbonic anhydrase0202
Carbonic anhydrase 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0303
Carbonic anhydrase 70202
Carbonic anhydrase 90303
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0202
Carbonic anhydrase 130202
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0303
Neutral amino acid transporter A0101
Asc-type amino acid transporter 10101
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0101
Amino acid transporter0101
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 30101
Gap junction alpha-1 protein0101
Gap junction beta-2 protein0101
Spike glycoprotein2002
Acyl-protein thioesterase 10101
cytochrome P450 2D61001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Histidine decarboxylase0011
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Adenosine receptor A10101
Delta-type opioid receptor0214
Delta-type opioid receptor0224
Kappa-type opioid receptor0102
Kappa-type opioid receptor0123
Mu-type opioid receptor0214
Delta-type opioid receptor0214
Kappa-type opioid receptor0225
Mu-type opioid receptor0102
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80001
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
GLS protein2002
Estrogen receptor 10101
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
fMet-Leu-Phe receptor0101
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Cyclooxygenase-2 0101
Free fatty acid receptor 30011
Free fatty acid receptor 20112
Free fatty acid receptor 20011
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
Chain A, Lysr-type Regulatory Protein0011
Chain A, Lysr-type Regulatory Protein0011
Chain A, Lysr-type Regulatory Protein0011
Chain A, 146aa long hypothetical transcriptional regulator0011
Chain A, Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Chain A, Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Chain A, Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Chain B, Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Chain C, Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Chain A, Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Bile salt export pump0101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]0001
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40202
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D30011
Protein kinase C gamma type0112
Protein kinase C beta type0112
Luciferin 4-monooxygenase0011
Protein kinase C alpha type0112
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Protein kinase C eta type0011
Protein kinase C iota type0011
Protein kinase C epsilon type0112
Protein kinase C theta type0011
Protein kinase C zeta type0011
Protein kinase C delta type0112
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D10011
Ras guanyl-releasing protein 30011
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
caspase-31001
Urease subunit alpha0101
Urease subunit beta0101
Olfactory receptor 51E20011
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]