alanine and Insulin Resistance

alanine has been researched along with Insulin Resistance in 93 studies

Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.

Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.

Research

Studies (93)

Authors

Clinical Trials (7)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen Who Discontinued the Treatment Due to AEs: Up to Week 48

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study treatment. Number of participants who discontinued the treatment due to adverse events have been presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 48

Number of Participants Who Discontinued the Treatment Due to AEs: Up to Week 144

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study treatment. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 144

Number of Participants Who Discontinued the Treatment Due to AEs: Up to Week 48

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study treatment. Number of participants who discontinued the treatment due to adverse events have been presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 48

Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL as Per Snapshot Algorithm at Week 24

Percentage of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL was evaluated using FDA snapshot algorithm at Week 24. The Snapshot algorithm treated all participants without HIV-1 RNA data at the visit of interest (due to missing data or discontinuation of investigational product prior to the visit window) as non-responders, as well as participants who switch their concomitant ART prior to the visit of interest. Percentage values are rounded off. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Week 24

Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL as Per Snapshot Algorithm at Week 48

Percentage of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL (virologic success) was evaluated using FDA snapshot algorithm at Week 48 to demonstrate the non-inferior antiviral activity of switching to DTG +3TC once daily compared to continuation of TBR over 48 weeks. The Snapshot algorithm treated all participants without HIV-1 RNA data at the visit of interest (due to missing data or discontinuation of investigational product prior to the visit window) as non-responders, as well as participants who switch their concomitant ART prior to the visit of interest. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Week 48

Percentage of Participants With Virologic Failure Endpoint as Per FDA Snapshot Category at Week 24

Percentage of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA >=50 c/mL was evaluated using FDA snapshot algorithm at Week 24. The Snapshot algorithm treated all participants without HIV-1 RNA data at the visit of interest (due to missing data or discontinuation of investigational product prior to the visit window) as non-responders, as well as participants who switch their concomitant ART prior to the visit of interest. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Week 24

Percentage of Participants With Virologic Failure Endpoint as Per Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Snapshot Category at Week 48

Percentage of participants with virologic failure (plasma HIV-1 RNA >=50 c/mL) was evaluated using FDA snapshot algorithm at Week 48. The Snapshot algorithm treated all participants without HIV-1 RNA data at the visit of interest (due to missing data or discontinuation of investigational product prior to the visit window) as non-responders, as well as participants who switch their concomitant antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to the visit of interest. Intent-to-treat exposed (ITT-E) Population comprises of all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study treatment either DTG + 3TC or TBR. Participants were assessed according to the treatment to which the participant was randomized. Any participant receiving a treatment randomization number was considered to be randomized. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Week 48

Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at Weeks 24 and 48

"Serum samples were collected for analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Baseline value was latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1) with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean and its corresponding standard error has been presented. Adjusted mean was estimated mean change from Baseline at each visit in each arm calculated from a repeated measures model adjusting for treatment, visit, Baseline third agent class, CD4+ cell count (continuous), age (continuous), sex, race, BMI (continuous), smoking status, vitamin D use, Baseline biomarker (continuous), treatment by visit interaction, and Baseline value by visit interaction, with visit as repeated factor.One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at Weeks 24 and 48 in Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen

"Serum samples were collected for the analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Baseline value was the value from latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. Change from Baseline values for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in TDF-based regimen participants has been presented. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarker: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at Weeks 96 and 144

"Serum samples were collected for analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Baseline value is latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarkers-serum Bone-ALP, Osteocalcin, Serum P1NP and Serum Type 1 CTX-1 at Weeks 96 and 144

"Serum samples were collected for analysis of bone biomarkers. Baseline is latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarkers-serum Bone-specific ALP (Bone-ALP), Osteocalcin, Serum P1NP and Serum CTX-1 in Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen at Weeks 24 and 48

"Serum samples were collected for analysis of bone biomarkers. Baseline was latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value (Day 1) . Change from Baseline is post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. Change from Baseline in bone biomarkers-serum bone-specific ALP (Bone-ALP), osteocalcin, serum P1NP and serum CTX-1 in TDF-based regimen participants has been presented. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Bone Biomarkers-serum Bone-specific ALP (Bone-ALP), Osteocalcin, Serum Procollagen 1 N-Terminal Propeptide (P1NP) and Serum Type 1 Collagen C-telopeptides (CTX-1) at Weeks 24 and 48

"Serum samples were collected for analysis of bone biomarkers. Baseline was latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean and its corresponding standard error has been presented. Adjusted mean was the estimated mean change from Baseline at each visit in each arm calculated from a repeated measures model adjusting for treatment, visit, Baseline third agent class, CD4+ cell count (continuous), age (continuous), sex, race, body mass index (BMI) (continuous), smoking status, vitamin D use, Baseline biomarker (continuous), treatment by visit interaction, and Baseline value by visit interaction, with visit as repeated factor.One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Weeks 24 and 48

"CD4+ cells are type of white blood cells that fight infection and as HIV infection progresses, the number of these cells declines. Blood samples were collected at specified time points to assess CD4+. It was evaluated by flow cytometry. Baseline value is defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and was presented within the TBR (TAF-based regimen) arm as efficacy of TAF and TDF are comparable." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Weeks 96 and 144

"CD4+ cells are a type of white blood cells that fight infection and as HIV infection progresses, the number of these cells declines. Blood samples were collected at specified time points to assess CD4+and evaluated by flow cytometry. Baseline value is defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and was presented within the TBR (TAF-based regimen) arm as efficacy of TAF and TDF are comparable" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in CD4+/CD8+ Cell Count Ratio at Weeks 24 and 48

"Blood samples were collected at specified time points to assess CD4+/CD8+ cell count ratio. It was assessed by flow cyclometry to evaluate the immunologic activity of switching to DTG+3TC once daily compared to continuation of TBR over 48 Weeks. Baseline (Day 1) values were the actual CD4+ cell count ratio values at pre-dose Day 1. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and was presented within the TBR (TAF-based regimen) arm as efficacy of TAF and TDF are comparable ." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in CD4+/CD8+ Cell Count Ratio at Weeks 96 and 144

"Blood samples were collected at specified time points to assess CD4+/CD8+ cell count ratio and were evaluated by flow cyclometry to evaluate the immunologic activity of switching to DTG+3TC once daily compared to continuation of TBR over Weeks 96 and 144. Baseline (Day 1) values are the actual CD4+ cell count ratio values at pre-dose Day 1. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and was presented within the TBR (TAF-based regimen) arm as efficacy of TAF and TDF are comparable" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in EQ-5D-5L Thermometer Scores at Week 24 and 48

EQ-5D-5L questionnaire provides a profile of participant function and a global health state rating. The five-item measure has one question assessing each of five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression and 5 levels for each dimension including 1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems and 5=extreme problems. EQ-5D-5L included EQ visual Analogue scale (EQ VAS) 'Thermometer' which provided Self-rated current health status. Score ranges from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health state). MMRM was run on the LOCF dataset. Baseline was the latest pre-dose assessment value with a non-missing value (Day 1) and change from Baseline is defined as post-dose value minus Baseline value. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in EQ-5D-5L Thermometer Scores at Weeks 96 and 144

EQ-5D-5L questionnaire provides a profile of participant function and a global health state rating. The five-item measure has one question assessing each of five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression and 5 levels for each dimension including 1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems and 5=extreme problems. EQ-5D-5L included EQ visual Analogue scale (EQ VAS) 'Thermometer' which provided Self-rated current health status. Score ranges from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health state). Baseline is defined as the latest pre-dose assessment value with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in EQ-5D-5L Utility Score at Weeks 96 and 144

EQ-5D-5L questionnaire provides profile of participant function and global health state rating. Five-item measure has 1question assessing each of 5dimensions:mobility,self-care,usual activities,pain/discomfort,anxiety/depression and 5 levels for each dimension including 1=no problems,2=slight problems,3=moderate problems,4=severe problems,5=extreme problems. Health state is defined by combining levels of answers from each of 5 questions. Each health state is referred to in terms of a 5 digit code.Health state 5 digit code is translated into utility score, which is valued up to 1 (perfect health) with lower values meaning worse state.EQ-5D-5L utility score ranges from -0.281 to 1. Higher scores indicate better health.Baseline is latest pre-dose assessment value with a non-missing value (Day 1).Change from Baseline is post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) Utility Score at Week 24 and 48

EQ-5D-5L questionnaire provides a profile of participant function and a global health state rating. The five-item measure has one question assessing each of five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression and 5 levels for each dimension including 1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems and 5=extreme problems. The health state is defined by combining the levels of answers from each of the 5 questions. Each health state is referred to in terms of a 5 digit code. Health state 5 digit code is translated into utility score, which is valued up to 1 (perfect health) with lower values meaning worse state. EQ-5D-5L utility score ranges from -0.281 to 1. Higher scores indicate better health. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipids at Weeks 24 and 48

"Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1), Week 24 and Week 48 to assess fasting lipids which included plasma cholesterol, plasma LDL cholesterol, plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and plasma triglycerides. Baseline value was the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipids at Weeks 24 and 48 in Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen

"Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1), weeks 24 and 48 visit (participant withdrew from the study at Week 36) to assess fasting lipids which included plasma cholesterol, plasma LDL cholesterol, plasma HDL cholesterol and plasma triglycerides. Baseline value was the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. Change from Baseline values for fasting lipids in TDF-based regimen participants has been presented. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Fasting Lipids at Weeks 96 and 144

"Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1), Weeks 96 and 144 to assess fasting lipids which includes plasma cholesterol, plasma LDL cholesterol, plasma HDL cholesterol and plasma triglycerides. Baseline value is the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarker- Serum Creatinine at Weeks 24 and 48

"Serum samples assessed: renal inflammation biomarker serum creatinine.Baseline(Day 1)was value from latest pre-dose assessment with non-missing value. Change from Baseline is post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean and its corresponding standard error has been presented. Adjusted mean was estimated mean change from Baseline at each visit in each arm calculated from repeated measures model adjusting for treatment, visit, Baseline third agent class, CD4+ cell count(continuous), age(continuous), sex, race, BMI(continuous), presence of diabetes mellitus, presence of hypertension, Baseline biomarker(continuous), treatment by visit interaction, Baseline value by visit interaction, with visit as repeated factor. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarker- Serum Creatinine at Weeks 24 and 48 in Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen

"Serum samples were collected at Baseline, Week 24 and Week 48 to assess renal inflammation biomarker - serum creatinine. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment value with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. Change from Baseline in serum creatinine in TDF-based regimen participants has been presented. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarker- Serum Creatinine at Weeks 96 and 144

"Serum samples were collected to assess renal inflammation biomarker - serum creatinine. Baseline is defined as the latest pre-dose assessment value with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarker- Serum Cystatin C at Weeks 24 and 48

"Serum samples were collected to assess renal biomarker. Baseline was latest pre-dose assessment value with non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. Adjusted mean and its corresponding standard error has been presented. Adjusted mean was estimated mean change from Baseline at each visit in each arm calculated from a repeated measures model adjusting for following:treatment, visit, Baseline third agent class, CD4+ cell count(continuous), age(continuous), sex, race, BMI(continuous), presence of diabetes mellitus, presence of hypertension, Baseline biomarker(continuous), treatment by visit interaction, and Baseline value by visit interaction, with visit as repeated factor. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarker- Serum Cystatin C at Weeks 24 and 48 in Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen

"Serum samples were collected at Baseline, Week 24 and Week 48 to assess renal inflammation biomarker - cystatin C. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment value with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. Change from Baseline values for serum cystatin -C biomarker in TDF based regimen participants has been presented. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarker- Serum Cystatin C at Weeks 96 and 144

"Serum samples were collected to assess renal biomarker. Baseline is latest pre-dose assessment value with non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarker- Serum GFR From Cystatin C Adjusted Using CKD-EPI and Serum GFR From Creatinine Adjusted Using CKD-EPI at Weeks 24 and 48

"Serum samples assessed:serum GFR from cystatin C and from creatinine adjusted using CKD-EPI Baseline(Day 1) was value from latest pre-dose assessment with non-missing value. Change from Baseline is post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.Adjusted mean and standard error is presented.Adjusted mean was estimated mean change from Baseline at each visit in each arm calculated from repeated measures model adjusting for treatment, visit, Baseline third agent class,CD4+ cell count(continuous),age(continuous), sex, race, BMI(continuous),presence of diabetes mellitus, presence of hypertension, Baseline biomarker(continuous), treatment by visit interaction, and Baseline value by visit interaction, with visit as repeated factor. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarker- Serum GFR From Cystatin C Adjusted Using CKD-EPI and Serum GFR From Creatinine Adjusted Using CKD-EPI at Weeks 24 and 48 in Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen

"Serum samples were collected at Baseline, Week 24 and Week 48 to assess renal inflammation biomarkers - serum GFR from cystatin C adjusted using CKD-EPI and serum GFR from creatinine adjusted using CKD-EPI. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment value with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. Change from Baseline in serum GFR from cystatin C adjusted using CKD-EPI and serum GFR from creatinine adjusted using CKD-EPI in TDF-based regimen participants has been presented. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarker- Serum GFR From Cystatin C Adjusted Using CKD-EPI and Serum GFR From Creatinine Adjusted Using CKD-EPI at Weeks 96 and 144

"Serum samples were collected to assess serum GFR from cystatin C and from creatinine adjusted for BSA. Baseline is defined as the latest pre-dose assessment value with a non-missing value (Day 1). Change from Baseline is post-dose visit value minus Baseline value. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- UA/C Ratio and UP/C Ratio at Weeks 24 and 48 in Participants Randomized to TBR Receiving TDF-based Regimen

"Urine samples were collected at Baseline, Week 24 and Week 48 to assess renal biomarkers - urine albumin/creatinine ratio and urine protein/creatinine ratio. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment value with a non-missing value. (Day 1). Change from Baseline in UA/C was calculated as UA/C ratio at post-Baseline visit minus UA/C ratio calculated at Baseline. Change from Baseline in UP/C was calculated as UP/C ratio at post-Baseline visit minus UP/C ratio calculated at Baseline. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- UA/C Ratio and UP/C Ratio at Weeks 96 and 144

"Urine samples were collected at Baseline, Weeks 96 and 144. Baseline is defined as Day 1. Change from Baseline in UA/C is defined as UA/C ratio at post-Baseline visit minus UA/C ratio at Baseline. Change from Baseline in UP/C and UA/C is defined as UP/C and UA/C ratio at post-Baseline visit minus UP/C and UA/C ratio at Baseline, respectively. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- Urine Albumin/Creatinine (UA/C) Ratio and Urine Protein/Creatinine (UP/C) Ratio at Weeks 24 and 48

"Urine samples were collected at Baseline, Week 24 and Week 48. Baseline is defined as Day 1. Change from Baseline in UA/C was calculated as UA/C ratio at post-Baseline visit minus UA/C ratio calculated at Baseline. Estimated geometric mean adjusted ratio (each visit over Baseline) and 95% CI have been presented. Change from Baseline in UP/C and UA/C was calculated as UP/C and UA/C ratio at post-Baseline visit minus UP/C and UA/C ratio calculated at Baseline, respectively. Estimated geometric mean adjusted ratio (each visit over Baseline) and 95% CI have been presented. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- Urine Beta-2 Microglobulin/Urine Creatinine Ratio at Weeks 24 and 48

"Urine biomarker samples were collected at Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48 to assess urine beta-2 microglobulin/urine creatinine. Geometric mean ratio (visit divided by Baseline) and 95% CI of geometric mean ratio has been presented. Baseline (Day 1) value was the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline in urine beta-2-microglobulin/urine creatinine was calculated as urine beta-2-microglobulin/urine creatinine ratio at post-Baseline visit minus urine beta-2-microglobulin/urine creatinine ratio calculated at Baseline. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- Urine Beta-2 Microglobulin/Urine Creatinine Ratio at Weeks 96 and 144

"Urine biomarker samples were collected at Baseline, Weeks 96 and 144 to assess urine beta-2 microglobulin/urine creatinine. Baseline (Day 1) value is the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline in urine beta-2-microglobulin/urine creatinine is defined as urine beta-2-microglobulin/urine creatinine ratio at post-Baseline visit minus urine beta-2-microglobulin/urine creatinine ratio at Baseline. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- Urine Phosphate at Weeks 24 and 48

"Urine biomarker samples were collected at Baseline and at Weeks 24 and 48 to assess urine phosphate. Geometric mean ratio (visit divided by Baseline) and 95% CI of geometric mean ratio has been presented. Baseline (Day 1) value was the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline in urine phosphate was calculated as urine phosphate at post-Baseline visit minus urine phosphate calculated at Baseline. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- Urine Phosphate at Weeks 24 and 48 in Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen

"Urine biomarker samples were collected to assess urine phosphate. Baseline (Day 1) value was the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline in urine phosphate was calculated as urine phosphate at post-Baseline visit minus urine phosphate calculated at Baseline. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- Urine Phosphate at Weeks 96 and 144

"Urine biomarker samples were collected at Baseline, Weeks 96 and 144 to assess urine phosphate. Baseline (Day 1) value is the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline in urine phosphate is defined as urine phosphate at post-Baseline visit minus urine phosphate at Baseline. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- Urine Retinol Binding Protein 4/Urine Creatinine at Weeks 24 and 48

"Urine biomarker samples were collected at Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48 to assess urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine. Geometric mean ratio (visit divided by Baseline) and 95% CI of geometric mean ratio has been presented. Baseline (Day 1) value was the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline in Urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine ratio was calculated as Urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine ratio at post-Baseline visit minus Urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine ratio calculated at Baseline. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- Urine Retinol Binding Protein 4/Urine Creatinine at Weeks 24 and 48 in Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen

"Urine biomarker samples were collected to assess urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine. Baseline (Day 1) value was the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline in urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine was calculated as urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine ratio at post-Baseline visit minus urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine ratio calculated at Baseline. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen." (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at weeks 24 and 48

Change From Baseline in Renal Biomarkers- Urine Retinol Binding Protein 4/Urine Creatinine at Weeks 96 and 144

"Urine biomarker samples were collected at Baseline, Weeks 96 and 144 to assess urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine. Baseline (Day 1) value is the value from the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline in Urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine ratio is defined as Urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine ratio at post-Baseline visit minus Urine retinol binding protein 4/urine creatinine ratio at Baseline. One participant randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen and because the safety profiles of TDF and TAF differ, this participant was removed from the overall safety population and is presented in separate arm Randomized to TBR but received TDF-based regimen" (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and at Weeks 96 and 144

Number of Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen With AEs by Their Severity Grades: Up to Week 48

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Adverse events were evaluated by the investigator and graded according to the DAIDS toxicity scales from Grade 1 to 5 (1=Mild, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe, 4=Potentially life threatening, 5=Death). The higher the grade, the more severe the symptoms. Number of TDF-based regimen participants with adverse events by maximum grade have been presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 48

Number of Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen With Any SAEs and Common (>=2%) Non-SAEs: Up to Week 48

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence temporally associated with the use of a study treatment, whether or not considered related to study treatment. A SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, associated with liver injury and impaired liver function or any other important medical event as per medical or scientific judgment . Number of TDF-based regimen participants with any SAE and common (>=2%) non-SAEs are presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 48

Number of Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen With Maximum Post-Baseline Emergent Clinical Chemistry Toxicities: Up to Week 36

samples were collected up to the Week 36 visit for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, alkaline phosphate (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, carbon dioxide (CO2), cholesterol, creatinine kinase (CK), creatinine, direct bilirubin, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from creatinine adjusted using chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI), GFR from cystatin C adjusted using CKD-EPI, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, phosphate and triglycerides. Any abnormality in clinical chemistry parameters were evaluated according to the DAIDS toxicity scale From Grade 1 to 4: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe) and Grade 4 (Potentially life-threatening). The higher the grade, the more severe the symptoms. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 36

Number of Participants Randomized to TBR Arm Receiving TDF-based Regimen With Maximum Post-Baseline Emergent Hematology Toxicities: Up to Week 36

Blood samples were collected up to the Week 36 visit for the analysis of hematology parameters-platelet count, neutrophils, hemoglobin and leukocytes. Any abnormality in hematology parameters were evaluated according to the DAIDS toxicity scale from Grade 1 to 4: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe) and Grade 4 (Potentially life-threatening). The higher the grade, the more severe the symptoms. Only those TDF-based regimen participants with maximum post-Baseline emergent hematology toxicities in any of the hematology parameters have been presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 36

Number of Participants With AEs by Their Severity Grades: Up to Week 144

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Adverse events were evaluated by the investigator and graded according to the Division of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (DAIDS) toxicity scales from Grade 1 to 5 (1=Mild, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe, 4=Potentially life threatening, 5=Death). The higher the grade, the more severe the symptoms. Number of participants with adverse events by maximum grade have been presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 144

Number of Participants With AEs by Their Severity Grades: Up to Week 48

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Adverse events were evaluated by the investigator and graded according to the Division of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (DAIDS) toxicity scales from Grade 1 to 5 (1=Mild, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe, 4=Potentially life threatening, 5=Death). The higher the grade, the more severe the symptoms. Number of participants with adverse events by maximum grade have been presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 48

Number of Participants With Any SAEs and Common (>=2%) Non-SAEs: Up to Week 148

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence temporally associated with the use of a study treatment, whether or not considered related to study treatment. A SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, associated with liver injury and impaired liver function or any other important medical event as per medical or scientific judgment (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 148

Number of Participants With Any Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Common (>=2%) Non-serious Adverse Events (Non-SAEs): Up to Week 48

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence temporally associated with the use of a study treatment, whether or not considered related to study treatment. A SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, associated with liver injury and impaired liver function or any other important medical event as per medical or scientific judgment . Safety Population included all participants who received at least one dose of study treatment either DTG + 3TC or TBR. This population was based on the treatment the participant actually received. Number of participants with any SAE and common (>=2%) non-SAEs are presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 48

Number of Participants With Disease Progression at Weeks 24 and 48

HIV-associated conditions were recorded during the study and were assessed according to the 2014 CDC Classification System for HIV Infection in Adults. CDC classification for HIV were: Stage 1: No AIDS defining condition and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count: >=500 cells/mcL; Stage 2: No AIDS infection and CD4+ lymphocyte count: 200-499 cell/mcL and Stage 3:Documented AIDS defining condition or CD4+ T-lymphocye count <200 cells/mcL. Disease progression summarize participants who had HIV infection stage 3 associated conditions or death. Indicators of clinical disease progression were defined as: CDC Category Stage 1 at enrollment to Stage 3 event; CDC Category Stage 2 at enrollment to Stage 3 event; CDC Category Stage 3 at enrollment to New Stage 3 Event; CDC Category Stage 1, 2 or 3 at enrollment to Death. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: At Weeks 24 and 48

Number of Participants With Disease Progression at Weeks 96 and 144

HIV-associated conditions were recorded during the study and assessed according to the 2014 CDC Classification System for HIV Infection in Adults. CDC classification for HIV is: Stage 1: No AIDS defining condition and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count: >=500 cells/mcL; Stage 2: No AIDS infection and CD4+ lymphocyte count: 200-499 cell/mcL and Stage 3: Documented AIDS-defining condition or CD4+ T-lymphocye count <200 cells/mcL. Indicators of clinical disease progression is defined as: CDC Category Stage 1 at enrollment to Stage 3 event; CDC Category Stage 2 at enrollment to Stage 3 event; CDC Category Stage 3 at enrollment to New Stage 3 Event; CDC Category Stage 1, 2 or 3 at enrollment to Death. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: At Weeks 96 and 144

Number of Participants With Genotypic Resistance: Up to Week 144

Plasma samples were collected for drug resistance testing. Number of participants, who meet CVW criteria (one plasma HIV-1 RNA >=200 c/mL after Day 1 with immediate prior HIV RNA >=50 c/mL), with genotypic resistance to INSTI, NRTI, NNRTI and PI are summarized. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 144

Number of Participants With Genotypic Resistance: Up to Week 48

Plasma samples were collected for drug resistance testing. Number of participants, who met confirmed virologic withdrawal (CVW) criteria (one plasma HIV-1 RNA >=200 c/mL after Day 1 with immediate prior HIV RNA >=50 c/mL), with genotypic resistance to INSTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), NNRTI and PI was summarized. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 48

Number of Participants With Maximum Post-Baseline Emergent Clinical Chemistry Toxicities: Up to Week 144

Blood samples were collected up to Week 144 for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters: ALT, albumin, ALP, AST, bilirubin, CO2, cholesterol, CK, creatinine, direct bilirubin, GFR from creatinine adjusted for BSA, GFR from cystatin C adjusted using CKD-EPI, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, LDL cholesterol, phosphate triglycerides and lactate dehydrogenase. Any abnormality in clinical chemistry parameters were evaluated according to the DAIDS toxicity scale From Grade 1 to 4: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe) and Grade 4 (Potentially life-threatening). The higher the grade, the more severe the symptoms. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 144

Number of Participants With Maximum Post-Baseline Emergent Clinical Chemistry Toxicities: Up to Week 48

Blood samples were collected up to Week 48 for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, alkaline phosphate (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, carbon dioxide (CO2), cholesterol, creatinine kinase (CK), creatinine, direct bilirubin, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from creatinine adjusted for body surface area (BSA), GFR from cystatin C adjusted using chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI), hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, phosphate and triglycerides. Any abnormality in clinical chemistry parameters were evaluated according to the DAIDS toxicity scale From Grade 1 to 4: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe) and Grade 4 (Potentially life-threatening). The higher the grade, the more severe the symptoms. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 48

Number of Participants With Maximum Post-Baseline Emergent Hematology Toxicities: Up to Week 144

Blood samples were collected up to Week 144 for the analysis of hematology parameters-platelet count, neutrophils, hemoglobin and leukocytes. Any abnormality in hematology parameters are were evaluated according to the DAIDS toxicity scale from Grade 1 to 4: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe) and Grade 4 (Potentially life-threatening). The higher the grade, the more severe the symptoms. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 144

Number of Participants With Maximum Post-Baseline Emergent Hematology Toxicities: Up to Week 48

Blood samples were collected up to Week 48 for the analysis of hematology parameters-platelet count, neutrophils, hemoglobin and leukocytes. Any abnormality in hematology parameters were evaluated according to the DAIDS toxicity scale from Grade 1 to 4: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe) and Grade 4 (Potentially life-threatening). The higher the grade, the more severe the symptoms. Only those participants with maximum post-Baseline emergent hematology toxicities in any of the hematology parameters have been presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 48

Number of Participants With Phenotypic Resistance: Up to Week 144

Number of participants, who meet CVW criteria (one plasma HIV-1 RNA >=200 c/mL after Day 1 with immediate prior HIV RNA >=50 c/mL), with phenotypic resistance to INSTI,NNRT,NRTI and PI were summarized. Assessment of antiviral activity of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) using phenotypic test results was interpreted through a proprietary algorithm (from Monogram Biosciences), which provided the overall susceptibility of the drug. Partially sensitive and resistant calls were considered resistant in this analysis. The phenotypic resistance was calculated using binary scoring system, where 0 was considered as sensitive and 1 as resistance. Phenotypic Resistance data for the following INSTI, NNRTI, NRTI and PI drugs in participants Meeting CVW Criteria has been presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 144

Number of Participants With Phenotypic Resistance: Up to Week 48

Number of participants, who meet CVW criteria (one plasma HIV-1 RNA >=200 c/mL after Day 1 with immediate prior HIV RNA >=50 c/mL), with phenotypic resistance to INSTI, NNRTI,NRTI and PI were summarized. Assessment of antiviral activity of ART using phenotypic test results was interpreted through a proprietary algorithm (from Monogram Biosciences), which provided the overall susceptibility of the drug. Partially sensitive and resistant calls were considered resistant in this analysis. The phenotypic resistance was calculated using binary scoring system, where 0 was considered as sensitive and 1 as resistance. Phenotypic Resistance data for the following INSTI, NNRTI, NRTI and PI drugs in participants Meeting CVW Criteria has been presented. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Up to Week 48

Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL as Per Snapshot Algorithm at Weeks 96 and 144

Percentage of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL was evaluated using FDA snapshot algorithm at Weeks 96 and 144. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Weeks 96 and 144

Percentage of Participants With Virologic Failure Endpoint as Per FDA Snapshot Category at Weeks 96, 144

Percentage of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA >=50 c/mL was evaluated using FDA snapshot algorithm at Weeks 96 and 144. (NCT03446573)
Timeframe: Weeks 96 and 144

Comparison of Changes in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Fasting Serum Insulin (FSI)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in HOMA Percent B and HOMA Percent S With Pioglitazone and Metformin

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta cell function(HOMA percent B) Analysis 2: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (Homa percent S)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Insulin Levels (HOMA IR,QUICKI) With Pioglitazone and Metformin

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance(HOMA IR) Analysis 2: Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index(QUICKI)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Lipid Profiles With Pioglitazone and Metformin

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1:Total Cholesterol(TC) Analysis 2:Triglyceride(TG) Analysis 3:High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) Analysis 4:Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Reviews

6 reviews available for alanine and Insulin Resistance

Trials

6 trials available for alanine and Insulin Resistance

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81 other studies available for alanine and Insulin Resistance