Compounds > (3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

(3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine

Description

(3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, also known as **N-(3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine**, is an **amino acid derivative** created by attaching a 3-nitrobenzoyl group to the amino group of alanine.

**Structure and Properties:**

* **Structure:** It is a white to off-white solid with a molecular formula of C10H10N2O5.
* **Properties:** Its exact properties depend on the specific application and the synthetic method used. It is likely to be a stable compound, but detailed information about its melting point, solubility, and other properties is not readily available in public databases.

**Importance in Research:**

While (3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine itself might not be a widely studied compound, it is **important in research for several reasons:**

* **Synthetic precursor:** It could be a useful starting material in the synthesis of other complex organic molecules, particularly those containing the 3-nitrobenzoyl moiety.
* **Analytical reagent:** It might be used as a reagent for detecting or quantifying certain biomolecules, potentially through its ability to react with specific functional groups.
* **Pharmaceutical research:** Derivatives of (3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine could potentially exhibit biological activity relevant to pharmaceutical research, such as antibacterial, antiviral, or anticancer properties. This is due to the 3-nitrobenzoyl group which is often found in pharmacologically active compounds.

**Lack of Extensive Research:**

It's worth noting that there is limited information available about (3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine's specific applications and research history. This suggests it might be a less widely explored compound or a recently synthesized derivative.

**Finding More Information:**

To understand the specific importance of (3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine in a particular research context, it's essential to consult specialized scientific publications, patents, or contact researchers working in relevant fields.

If you have a specific research question related to this compound, please provide more context, and I will try my best to help you find relevant information.

(3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine: inhibits kynurenine hydroxylase; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID127868
CHEMBL ID23983
SCHEMBL ID21974219
MeSH IDM0228575

Synonyms (14)

Synonym
(m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine
(3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine
CHEMBL23983 ,
2-amino-4-(3-nitro-phenyl)-4-oxo-butyric acid
bdbm50061907
(+/-)-2-amino-4-(3-nitro-phenyl)-4-oxo-butyric acid[(+/-)-m-nicotinylbenzoylalanine]
meta-nitrobenzoyl)alanine
2-amino-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid
153212-71-6
benzenebutanoic acid, alpha-amino-3-nitro-gamma-oxo-, (+-)-
AKOS017547914
DTXSID10934701
SCHEMBL21974219
PD076052
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.90000.03701.06884.2000AID1252329
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)2.64350.02201.37498.0000AID1473559; AID94546; AID94550; AID94551
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenaseMus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)0.90000.09000.49500.9000AID1197111
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (12)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
tryptophan catabolic processKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
NAD metabolic processKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
quinolinate biosynthetic processKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
kynurenic acid biosynthetic processKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophanKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
anthranilate metabolic processKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
kynurenine metabolic processKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharideKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-1Kynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
L-kynurenine metabolic processKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmissionKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (4)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activityKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
NAD(P)H oxidase H2O2-forming activityKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide bindingKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
FAD bindingKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (3)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular spaceKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membraneKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membraneKynurenine 3-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (20)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID94530Ability to inhibit kynureninase was determined in a competitive inhibition assay.1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID179293Effect on kynurenic acid (KYNA) content in rat blood at dose 400 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID120085Sedative and anticonvulsant effects at dose 200 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally; value expressed as tonic /tested =1/131994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID94551Inhibition of Kynurenine-3-hydroxylase enzyme isolated from the rat liver2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 43, Issue:1
Synthesis and SAR of 4-aryl-2-hydroxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acids and esters and 2-amino-4-aryl-4-oxobut-2-enoic acids and esters: potent inhibitors of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase as potential neuroprotective agents.
AID94549Differences in inhibition of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase by m-NBA versus compound is determined1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID179164Effect on L-kynureninase (KYN) content in rat brain at dose 400 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID179295Effect on kynurenic acid (KYNA) content in rat liver at dose 400 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID120084Sedative and anticonvulsant effects at dose 400 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally; value expressed as tonic /tested =2/61994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID109675Sedative and anticonvulsant effects at dose 200 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally; value expressed as clonic /tested =6/131994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID179163Effect on L-kynureninase (KYN) content in rat blood at dose 400 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID1473559Inhibition of rat liver KMO using [3,5-3H]-kynurenine substrate2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3
α-Amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde Decarboxylase (ACMSD) Inhibitors as Novel Modulators of De Novo Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD
AID1252329Inhibition of human KMO2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-25, Volume: 58, Issue:22
Challenges and Opportunities in the Discovery of New Therapeutics Targeting the Kynurenine Pathway.
AID109674Sedative and anticonvulsant effects at dose 400 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally; value expressed as clonic /tested =4/61994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID94546Inhibition of rat kidney Kynurenine 3-hydroxylase.1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 40, Issue:26
Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides as high-affinity inhibitors of kynurenine 3-hydroxylase.
AID179165Effect on L-kynureninase (KYN) content in rat liver at dose 400 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID111312Sedative and anticonvulsant effects at dose 400 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally; value expressed as death /tested =2/61994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID94550Ability to inhibit kynurenine-3-hydroxylase was determined in a competitive inhibition assay.1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID1197111Inhibition of mouse KMO2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Development of a series of aryl pyrimidine kynurenine monooxygenase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of Huntington's disease.
AID111311Sedative and anticonvulsant effects at dose 200 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally; value expressed as death /tested =0/131994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
AID179294Effect on kynurenic acid (KYNA) content in rat brain at dose 400 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-04, Volume: 37, Issue:5
Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (15)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's9 (60.00)18.2507
2000's3 (20.00)29.6817
2010's3 (20.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.04

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.04 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.77 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.81 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.04)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1 (6.67%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other14 (93.33%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
3-hydroxykynurenine
3-hydroxykynurenine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxykynurenine that is kynurenine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.. hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is kynurenine substituted by a single hydroxy group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.		2.4120hydroxykynureninehuman metabolite
anthranilic acid
anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.		1.9810aminobenzoic acidhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		210alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
kynurenine
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.		3.2460aromatic ketone;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline		human metabolite
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		1.9810pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		3.0950pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		3.0950monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		2101-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		3.7100alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		1.9810erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiazoles
[no description available]		3.1501,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		210dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		210amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
4(5)-phenylimidazole
4(5)-phenylimidazole: tautomeric cpd; cytochrome P450 14alpha-sterol demethylase, CYP51 antagonist		3.2110
1-methyltryptophan
[no description available]		3.2110non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tryptophan derivative		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan: structure in first source		3.2110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
ro 61-8048
[no description available]		4.4970C-nitro compound
cgp 37849
2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; CGP-40116 is the (R)-enantiomer of CGP-37849; CGP-40017 is the L-isomer		210
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		210maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
680c91
680C91 : A fluoroindole that is 6-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a 2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl group (trans configuration). It is a selective inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), which directs the conversion of trypophan to kynurenin.		3.2110fluoroindole;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		EC 1.13.11.11 (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		01.9810
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		01.9810
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		02.1110
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		02.1110
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		03.0310
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		03.0310
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.6930
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.6930
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		0210
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		0210
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		0210
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		0210
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		0210
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		0210
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		0210
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		0210
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